孔子名言名句及生平简介英语怎么写

Confucius专业英语名词。

1、知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 He who knows is not as good as he who knows, nor as happy as he who knows. 2、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 3、人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ Is it not a gentleman who does not know and is stunned? 4、君子以文会友，以友辅仁。 Gentlemen make friends by means of literature and help others by means of friends. 5、逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 Dead people like this, day and night. 6、关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 Guan Sui is happy but not lustful, sad but not sad. 7、三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize divisions, but no man can seize aspirations. 8、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. 9、温故而知新，可以为师矣。 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 10、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 11、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It"s too late to change. 12、学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it true to learn from time to time? 13、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 What is it for me to know, to learn and not to tire of teaching tirelessly? 14、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 15、父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。 The father is there, watching his ambition. Father did not, watch his deeds. It can be said that filial piety has not changed from father"s way in three years. 16、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 17、我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 I am not born to know. I am old and eager for it. 18、唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。 Only women and villains are difficult to support. Near is Sun, far is resentment. 19、己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do what you don"t want to do to others.

孔子的名言 英语 　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

网上有现成的, 请参考.When Socrates Meets Confucius　　　As is known to all, there were two sages around the same time who were comparable to each other. One was Confucius, in China, and the other was the ancient Greek thinker, Socrates, whom, up to now, are still praised by the whole world. They both had philosophies that stood out among human beings and both had great influence on us and continue to have that influence. They are not only great philosophers, but also maestros in many fields, especially the area of education.　　　Though they lived in almost the same time, they were from two completely separate parts of the world. But still, as the saying goes, great minds think alike. These two maestros had a lot in common when it comes to education. Does it ever occur to you what kind of sparks would have been created if they had met each other? 　　　In the respect of teaching subjects, they were both well aware that there was no such thing as a distinction between classes or races of people, which made civilization and education universal to a great extent. I dare say they would have fully supported each other in this point of view. 　　　And they would be of one mind when it comes to the function of education. Both of them attach great importance to acquired education and consider the purpose of education to be a form of nurture for people to gain political integrity and professional competence.　　　In regards to their teaching methods, these two mentors both paid attention to developing the students" thinking ability through inspirational teaching ways, called heuristic teaching, or elicitation method. They saw eye to eye in this viewpoint, a viewpoint that has an enormous impact on modern education. 　　　Because of the differences between their two political systems and social environments, they also disagreed with each other on many perspectives, but, regardless, I think these two maestros would work it out. 　　　Thank you for taking your time.

一般认为古英语出现在公元450年左右，而孔子出生在公元前551年，当时还没有英语，所以孔子肯定是不会英语的。

Y吧的筒子们 帮忙！

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give Pcedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

1、士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 Scholars aspire to Tao, but those who disgrace evil clothes and food are not enough to discuss. 2、见善无不及，见不善如探汤。 Seeing good is better than seeing bad. 3、君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！ If a gentleman wants to turn folklore into a custom, he must learn from it! 4、岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。 Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves. 5、其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。 If he is in a right position, he will not act accordingly; if he is in a wrong position, he will not obey. 6、君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。 A gentleman is respectful and tolerant, but kind and reserved. 7、夫达也者，质直而好义。察言而观色，虑以下人。 Fudaye, straight and righteous. Look at what you say and look at what you see. Consider the following people. 8、轻千乘之国，而重一言之信。 A thousand times lighter than a thousand, but one word more. 9、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？见利思义，见危授命。 It is such a delight to have friends ing from afar? See profit, see danger and give orders. 10、君子耻其言而过其行。 A gentleman is ashamed of his words and deeds. 11、学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching. 12、士而怀居，不足为士矣！ It is not enough for a scholar to live in his home. 13、饭疏食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。 Eating sparsely, drinking water, bending the brachium and pillow, music is also in it. 14、君子矜而不争，群而不党。 A gentleman is reserved but not contentious, but a group is not a party. 15、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 Unrighteousness, wealth and wealth are like clouds to me. 16、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 17、志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。 People with lofty ideals are benevolent. They do not seek survival to harm benevolence. They kill themselves to bee benevolent. 18、君子周而不比，小人比而不周。 A gentleman is more than a gentleman, but a villain is less than a gentleman. 19、可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。 You can support a six-foot solitary, you can send a hundred-mile order, facing the big festival and can not be seized. 20、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize manders, but no man can seize aspirations. 21、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 22、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 23、学如不及，犹恐失之。 If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it. 24、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 25、君于疾没世而名不称焉。 You are not famous for your death. 26、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 27、有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。 There are four ways for a gentleman: he is respectful in his actions, respectful in his deeds, benefiting his people, and righteous in his actions. 28、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。 Quality is better than literature, but history is better than literature. Gentleman, then gentleman. 29、始吾于人也，听其言而信其行。今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。 I start with people, listen to what they say and believe in what they do. Today, I am also in the person, listen to his words and watch his actions.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius(Chinese:孔夫子;pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ;Wade-Giles:K"ung-fu-tzu),lit."MasterKong,"[1](September28,551BC–479BC)wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher,whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese,Korean,Japanese,TaiwaneseandVietnamesethoughtandlife.Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines,suchasLegalism(法家)orTaoism(道家)duringtheHanDynasty[2][3][4](206BC–220AD).Confucius"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism(儒家).ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci,whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas"Confucius."HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius(论语),acollectionof"briefaphoristicfragments",whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius,[5][6]butfornearly2,000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassics[7][8]suchastheClassicofRites(editor),andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals(春秋)(author).

孔子名言英语翻译如下：1、性相近也，习相远也。By nature， men are nearly alike； by practice， they get to be wide apar.2、过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others.

孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗，问其故。一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”KongziDongYu,seethetwochildrenfightingdebate,askedwhy.Onechildsaid:"WhenIgotoonedaybeforetheclose,whileJapanisalsothetimeaway."Achildtothebeginningofadayaway,whileJapan,withtheapproachalso.Onechildsaid:"thebeginningofthedayasbigascarcovers,andJapanislikeplatespoons,thisisnotnearlyasmuchbythosesmallandlargealmost?"Onechildsaid:"thebeginningoftheCangCangcoolday,andJapan,suchasExplorationofsoup,thisisnotnearlyfararethosehotandcoldDown?"Confuciuscannotmusthave.Twochildrenlaughedandsaid:"AseveryoneknowsalmostasmuchRu?"

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

Confuius"s given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death, his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2,500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology, strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites. Confucius said, "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my instructor." "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished too." "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of teaching."... Today, these philosophical sayings are still shining brilliantly. In the long span of the Chinese history, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding Confucius.

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

1 very broad prospects of development2.孔子（前551-前479）是春秋时期鲁国人,名丘,字仲尼2 Confucius (551- 479 BC) is the spring and Autumn period luguoren,mounds,styled Zhong Ni

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

【原文】　　子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”　　【译文】　　孔子说：“不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他；不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就不要再反复地给他举例了。”　　翻译：　　KongZisaidthat,"Diligentlydoesnotwanttoravelbutdoesnothavethedegreetohimnottohavetoenlightenhim;Tohisheartindidnotunderstandactuallycannotconsummatethedegreewhichexpressesnottohavetoinspirehim.Ifhecannotextrapolate,didnotmustagainrepeatedlygiveanexampletohim."

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

热心网友 最快回答According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(1) 　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and thefounder of Confucian School in ancient China. It"ssaid he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom areexcellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visitvarious states for 14 years. During 5,000 years" history of China, it"s Confucius who has exertedthe greatest impact on Chinese nation"s characteristic and temperament. He is upright,optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, andseeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have beeninfluencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(2) 　　孔子是春秋时期鲁国伟大的思想家和教育家，是儒家学派的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”。根据其学说发展起来的儒家思想是中国历史上影响最大的思想流派，被汉代及以后的历代封建统治者所推崇利用，成为影响整个封建社会的意识形态。孔子的言论和生平活动被其弟子收录在《论语》中。在21世纪，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial school of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confucius" doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(3) 　　孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You lan, one of the great 20th century authorities in the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator of ancient China, founder of Confucian school, one of the world"s most famous cultural celebrities孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一Shakespeare is very good, until now we still liked his work莎士比亚的作品很好,直到现在我们还喜欢他的作品Mark Twain was an American writer, his novel is very good-looking马克吐温是一位美国作家,他的小说很好看

译文：孔子说：我死之后，子夏会比以前更有进步，而子贡会比以前有所退步“曾子问：为什么呢？”孔子说：子夏喜爱同比自已贤明的人在一起，（所以他的道德修养将日有提高）；子贡喜欢同才质比不上自已的人相处，（因此他的道德修养将日见丧失）。不了解孩子如何，看看孩子的父亲就知道（孩子将来的情况）了，不了解本人，看他周围的朋友就可以了，不了解主子，看他派遣的使者就可以了，不了解本地的情况看本地的草木 就可以了。所以常和品行高尚的人在一起，就像沐浴在种植芝兰散满香气的屋子里一样，时间长了便闻不到香味，但本身已经充满香气了；和品行低劣的人在一起，就像到了卖鲍鱼的地方，时间长了也闻不到臭了，也是融入到环境里了；藏丹的地方时间长了回变红，藏漆的地方时间长了回变黑，也是环境影响使然啊！所以说真正的君子必须谨慎的选择自己处身的环境。原文：孔子曰：“吾死之后，则商也日益，赐也日损。”曾子曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“商好与贤己者处，赐好说不若己者。不知其子，视其父；不知其人，视其友。不知其君，视其所使；不识其地，视其草木。故曰：“与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所与处者焉。”扩展资料《孔子家语》又名《孔氏家语》，或简称《家语》，是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子思想言行的著作。今传本《孔子家语》共十卷四十四篇，魏王肃注，书后附有王肃序和《后序》。《后序》实际上分为两部分，前半部分内容以孔安国语气所写，一般称之为《孔安国序》，后半部分内容为安国以后人所写，故称之为《后孔安国序》，其中收有孔安国的孙子孔衍关于《家语》的《奏言》。孔子（ 英语：Confucius , 公元前 551年 --- 公元前 479年 ），名：丘，字：仲尼，中国春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今中国山东曲阜市东南）人。中国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。孔子是中国文化中的核心学说儒家的首代宗师，集华夏上古文化之大成，删定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”。

Confusius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C. He is a man who had many wise ideas and thoughts about nature,the world and human behavior. He is a great teacher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in derrerent countries. For example,one of his famous sayings,Learn the new while reviewing the old,tell us the importance of reviewing what we have learned.公元前551，孔子出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他是一个对自然，世界和人类言行有着伟大思想的人。他是一个伟大的先师，他的言论对来自不同国家的人都产生了影响。例如，他有一句名言，“温故而知新”，告诉我们复习我们所学过的东西的重要性。

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孔子是不会英语的，所以没有英语老师。孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日)。孔子生活在距今约2500年前。而英格兰（英语区域）的概念最早在距今约1500年前才出现。就是说在孔子生活的年代后约1000年才有英语的概念，孔子不会穿越，让孔子讲英语，真是强人所难。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 下载地址和全文，节选都可 解析: lsfyw/Article/Class89/Class97/200509/4035 上面网站不错，比较多 phorum.nst.pku.edu/showthread.php?threadid=662 这个也可以去看看下面的是一些摘录，来自网上资源 一）子曰：”学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” The Master said,To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should e to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?To remain unsoured even though one"s merits are unrecognized by other, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? （二）子曰：”吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩．” The master ssaid, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered fromperplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I destred no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. （三）子曰：”贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在了；陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐．贤哉回也！” The master said,Inparable indeed was hui!A hardful of rice to eat,a gourdful of water to drink,living in a mean steer-others would have found it unendurably depressing.but to Hui"s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Inparable indeed was Hui! 论语英文版CONFUCIAN ANALECTS <P>1 The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? "Is it not delightful to have friends ing from distant quarters? "Is he not a man of plete virtue, who feels no disposure though men may take no note of him?" The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?" The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. "Have no friends not equal to yourself. "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them." The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence." Tsze-ch"in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master es to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and plaisant and thus he gets his information. The master"s mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?" The Master said, "While a man"s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial." The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things *** all and great we follow them. "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done." The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters." The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the pany of men of principle that he may be rectified:- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn." Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety." Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish."-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed." The Master said, "With one like Ts"ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence." The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."</P> 『⒈1』子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不</P> 愠，不亦君子乎？”</P> 『⒈2』有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，</P> 未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”</P> 『⒈3』子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”</P> 『⒈4』曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不</P> 习乎？”</P> 『⒈5』子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”</P> 『⒈6』子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，</P> 则以学文。”</P> 『⒈7』子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，</P> 言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”</P> 『⒈8』子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则</P> 勿惮改。”</P> 『⒈9』曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”</P> 『⒈10』子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？</P> 子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与</P> ？”</P> 『⒈11』子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣</P> 。”</P> 『⒈12』有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行</P> ，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”</P> 『⒈13』有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，</P> 亦可宗也。”</P> 『⒈14』子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，</P> 可谓好学也已。”</P> 『⒈15』子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐</P> ，富而好礼者也。”</P> 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋，如琢如磨"，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，</P> 始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”</P> 『⒈16』子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。”</P> 其实网上关于这方面还是挺多的，这也只是一部分，如不能满足，可继续搜索 或者买一本外研社出版的论语英文版，也不贵，好像才10左右 good luck

形容孔子美好品质的英语词汇1.intelligent [u026an"telu026adu0292(u0259)nt] adj. 智能的；聪明的2.humality 仁义3.studious ["stjuu02d0du026au0259s] adj. 用功的

译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础，以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用，他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐,以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years" traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius" thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

【1】不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.【2】工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.【3】君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.【4】君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.【5】道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.【6】性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.【7】过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.【8】己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.【9】言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.【10】有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?【11】人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?【12】逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!【13】人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.

confucius Confuius"s given name is Qiu also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu China 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C..Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence) its form of expression is Li(the Rites).Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn Book of Odes Book of History Book of Rites Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects) one of the Four Books.Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang died.（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）In the eleventh year of the reign of Duke Zhao of Lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）Because of the hard life when hewas young, I could do some simple work.（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）Duke Jinng of Qi said he was too old to use it.（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）Confucius had to flee to the state of Lu.（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）In the third year of Ai gong of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）孔子思想：An important proposition of Confucius" thought of governing history is "straightness".（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "knowing for knowing.（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）谢谢！希望能帮助您!

中国古代的哲学家（思想家）

孔子老人家不会英语，也没有听说过英语，英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。

the Analects of Confuciusanalects n.选集; 语录Confucius 【源自[孔夫子]的拉丁文名】 <<名词>>孔子

“孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家”翻译成英文意思是：confuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinthehistoryofchina"

英语介绍孔子时一般现在时态

孔夫子本人没有著作。《论语》是他弟子记录他的言行的，英语是theAnalects还有应该是Confucius"sworks~

1君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！agentlemanifyouwouldliketochangeinfluencethepeopleandformmoralcustoms,thewilltolearnfrom!2学而不厌，诲人不倦。beinsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching.3工欲善其事,必先利其器。worktodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhisdevice.

教育教学讠仑文是学术讠仑文的一种。它主要是指对某一教育现象、问题或教学原理、方法等进行讠仑述的文章。

日语sakula意思是樱花，樱花的日语写法是“桜”，用日语拼音写就是“さくら”。日本的樱花文化：日本是一个特别喜欢樱花的民族。每年的3，4月，日本各处的樱花会从温暖的南方向寒冷的北方依次盛开，日本人在这段时间会享受自己的“樱花季”。樱花有一个特点就是，花开的时候会同时的开放。而凋谢的时候会一起凋谢，而且单棵的樱花树并不漂亮，而成片的樱花树则极为壮观，这就是日本文化中提倡的集体性。人只有团结才能战胜一切，这是种及其强大的力量，是把双面刃，像之前日本的明治维新以及二战时，日本发动的“神风特工队”都给世界带来极大的震惊，所以日本人觉得樱花可以极好的体现武士道的精神。樱花在日本已经有1000多年的历史了。在日本人看来，它是百花之始、像春天一样，带来希望，在古老的日本人们就根据樱花是否顺利开花，预兆着这一年是否风调雨顺、五谷丰登。因此在古时候，每到樱花盛开的时节，人们都会聚集在樱树下进行祷告，祭祀花神，占卜今年的运势。这种传统的祭祀占卜活动后来演化为“花见”（就是赏花）。据记载，“花见”的习俗源于日本平安时代皇宫中举行的樱花宴。赏樱是当时权贵的专利，至江户时代因为历史的原因逐渐被平民所接受，并最终成为日本传统的民间节日。

千米/时 km/h

回答和翻译如下：在星期六下午二点钟有一节音乐课我喜欢唱歌我需要一个搭档如果你喜欢唱歌。There is a music class on Saturday afternoon at two o"clock. I like singing. I need a partner if you like singing.

　　 考试科目和内容 　　（一）《普通高中课程方案（实验）》规定的语文、数学、英语、思想政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物学、体育与健康、音乐、美术、信息技术、通用技术14个科目和物理、化学、生物学3科实验操作技能测试均实行学考合格性考试。　　（二）学考合格性考试以国家发布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和学科课程标准为依据，范围为各学科课程标准（实验）确定的必修内容。　　 考试组织与实施 　　（一）考试组织与管理。语文、数学、英语、思想政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物学9个科目合格性考试采用闭卷笔试方式进行，由宁夏教育考试院负责统一组织实施。物理、化学、生物3科实验操作技能合格性测试采用现场操作的方式进行，由宁夏教育考试院负责统一命题、统一测试标准、统一确定测试时间段，市、县（区）教育考试中心负责组织测试。体育与健康、音乐、美术、信息技术、通用技术5个科目合格性考试由自治区教育厅提出学科考试要求和标准，市、县（区）教育行政部门负责制定考试办法,并报自治区教育厅和宁夏教育考试院备案后组织实施。　　（二）考试时间和科目安排自治区统一组织实施的学考合格性考试安排在每学年第二学期末进行。高一学生合格性考试科目在历史、地理、物理、化学、生物学5门中选择，报考不得少于4门；高二学生合格性考试科目在语文、数学、英语、思想政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物学9门中，选择尚未报考（或补考）的科目参加考试。　　（三）考试时长与卷面分值语文科目书面笔试时长为90分钟，数学、英语、思想政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物学8个科目书面笔试时长均为75分钟，各科满分均为100分。物理、化学、生物学3个科目实验操作技能测试，考试时间均为20分钟。　　（四）考试补考自治区统一组织的学考合格性考试成绩不合格的考生，可参加下一年（次）考试中安排的该科目的补考（休学学生按休学期顺延）。其他科目学考合格性考试成绩不合格的考生，补考工作由市、县（区）教育行政部门自行安排。2019年秋季及之前入学的学生补考同步参加当年该科目合格性考试，不再单独命题。

一般来说，价格cisco>h3c>华为，如果考虑性能，这几个品牌中低端交换机差别不大

2023年宁夏一本理科分数线预计415分、文科分数线预计490分;宁夏二本理科分数线预计352分、文科分数线预计429分。高考是指高级中等教育普通高中毕业生的统一全国性高考试，是中国大陆高中阶段学生升入大学的重要考试。它是由教育部主管的全国性考试，旨在选拔优秀的学生进入高等院校深造。高考通常在每年的6月份进行，考试科目包括语文、数学、外语以及选考科目等。高考制度在中国教育中扮演着重要的角色，它旨在选拔优秀的学生进入高等学府，推动社会的发展和进步。同时，高考也引发了一系列的教育现象和问题，如应试教育、备战压力等。因此，高考也是中国教育体制中备受争议和关注的话题之一。高考的意义：1、教育体制改革的推动：高考的改革和完善是中国教育体制改革的重要一环。通过不断调整和改革高考制度，可以促进教育公平、提高教育质量，推动学生全面发展和综合素质的提升。2、人才选拔和国家发展：高考是选拔和培养各行各业人才的重要机制。通过高考选拔出优秀的学生进入各类专业和学科，为国家的科技创新、经济发展和社会进步提供坚实的人才基础。3、社会地位和认可：高考成绩在中国社会中具有重要的象征意义，被广泛认可和尊重。高分的高考成绩可以为学生带来社会地位的提升和职业机会的增加，也为家庭带来荣誉和自豪感。4、教育优质资源的分配：高考成绩是学生进入高水平大学和优质教育资源的关键因素。通过高考，学生有机会进入知名大学，接受高水平的教育资源和师资培养。这有助于提升学生的学术水平和职业发展前景。

进气歧管绝对压力传感器坏了，汽车会出现如下现象一、无法计算空气流量二、造成无怠速三、加速无力四、发动机运作不稳定五、急加速是回火，会产生放炮（混合气体稀释或太浓）等等以下为进气压力传感器的工作原理及输出特性一、进气压力传感器的工作原理进气压力传感器检测的是节、气门后方的进气歧管的绝对压力，它根据发动机转速和负荷的大小检测出歧管内绝对压力的变化，然后转换成信号电压送至电子控制器（ecu），ecu依据此信号电压的大小，控制基本喷油量的大小。进气压力传感器种类较多，有压敏电阻式、电容式等。由于压敏电阻式具有响应时间快、检测精度高、尺寸小且安装灵活等优点，因而被广泛用于d型喷射系统中。压敏电阻式进气压力传感器的工作原理。应变电阻r1、r2、r3、r4,它们构成惠斯顿电桥并与硅膜片粘接在一起。硅膜片在歧管内的绝对压力作用下可以变形，从而引起应变电阻r阻值的变化，歧管内的绝对压力越高，硅膜片的变形越大，从而电阻r的阻值变化也越大。即把硅膜片机械式的变化转变成了电信号，再由集成电路放大后输出至ecu。二、进气压力传感器的输出特性发动机工作时，随着节气门开度的变化，进气歧管内的真空度、绝对压力以及输出信号特性曲线均在变化。但是它们之间变化的关系是怎样的？输出特性曲线是正的还是负的？这个问题常常不易被人理解，以致有些检修人员在工作中有一种“吃不准”的感觉。d型喷射系统中检测的是节气门后方的进气歧管内的绝对、压力。节气门的后方既反映了真空度又反映了绝对压力，因而有人认为真空度与绝对压力是一个概念，其实这种理解是片面的。在大气压力不变的条件下（标准大气压力为101.3kpa），歧管内的真空度越高，反映歧管内的绝对压力越低，真空度等于大气压力减去歧管内绝对压力的差一值。而歧管内的绝对压力越高，说明歧管内的真空度越低，歧管内绝对压力等于歧管外的大气压力减去真空度的差值。即大气压力等于真空度和绝对压力之和。理解了大气压力、真空度、绝对压力的关系后，进气压力传感器的输出特性就明确了。发动机工作中，节气门开度越小，进气歧管的真空度越大，歧管内的绝对压力就越小，输出信号电压也越小。节气门开度越大，进气歧管的真空度越小，歧管内的绝对压力就越大，输出信号电压也越大。输出信号电压与歧管内真空度的大小成反比（负特性），与歧管内绝对压力的大小成正比（正特性）。

　　数学思维能力的好坏直接关系到分析其他问题的能力，而课堂教学效果的好坏也直接影响到学生数学思维能力的培养，关于初中数学教学你有什么独到的看法呢?本文是我为大家整理的初中数学教学论文 范文 ，欢迎阅读! 　　初中数学教学论文范文篇一：初中数学智能教学研究 　　一、初中生智能 　　智能简单地说，就是智慧和能力。主要体现于大脑的功能，表现为大脑对外界信息加工处理的本领，它包括感知能力、记忆能力、想象能力和思维判断的能力，感知能力和记忆能力是智慧的基础，想象能力和思维判断的能力是智慧的核心。反映在数学上，就是区分形状不同的几何图形，不同变量变化的规律，从具体的形象思维——抽象概括思维—— 逻辑思维 ，对前人 总结 的定理、公示、法则的在现，洞察二维、三维空间物体相互位置关系，以及以记忆为基础的各种思维判断能力。中学生经过六年小学阶段 教育 ，已具备一定的“数学与逻辑推理能力”，从生理学角度来看，其大脑的四个功能区，即感受区、判断区、想象区已基本成熟，接近成年人这一阶段，人的认识呈“飞跃”式发展。初中生从十一、二岁进入学校，到十四、五岁初中 毕业 ，这一段时间有人把它称为人生中“黄金时段”我们就要抓住人生中的“黄金时段”，适时开发中学生智能，培养学生的创新精神，才能获得智能资源的大丰收。 　　二、发展智能是初中数学教学的重要任务 　　数学作为一门研究现实世界空间形成和数量关系的科学，是学习和研究现代科学技术必不可少的基础知识和基本工具。作为教师不能奢望每个学生都能成为一代娇子，但也完全可能让每个学生在他现有智能基础上得到充分的发展。为提高整个一代人的智能水平做出最大努力，这一出发点也可列为中学教师应尽的责任之一。中学数学的教学任务不仅要传授知识，尤其重要的是开发智力和培养能力。所以在数学教学中，传授知识和发展智能是相互影响、相互制约、不可分割的有机统一体。那种把发展智能和传授知识相对立起来，或者严重脱节的倾向，把发展智能神秘化，甚至认为高不可攀的观点都是错误的。作为一名学生教师应该清楚自己不仅是知识的传授者，而且是智能的开发者，应该把主要力量放在开发学生的智能上，在人生的最重要的“黄金时段”发掘人的最宝贵的东西——智能。 　　三、初中生的智能开发 　　开发学生的智能，要遵循客观规律。使每个学生的创造力和创造精神得到发展，凡有利于这一工作的工作，都属于开发智能的范畴。作为中学数学教师，在开发学生智能方面应该认识并做到以下几点：从人性角度看，人既是主体性与客观性的统一，又是能动性和受动性的统一，也是独立性与依赖性的统一。学生在学习活动中表现为：我要学和要我学。我要学是基于学生对学习的一种内在需要，表现为学习兴趣。学生有了学习兴趣，学习活动对他来讲就不是一种负担，而是一种享受，一种愉快的体验，学生会越学越想学，越学越爱学，有兴趣的学习事半功倍。兴趣是学生学好知识的、内在的、直接的动力，不断激发学生的学习兴趣，使学生始终处于积极的思维状态，是发展学生智能的基础。有人说：“生趣才能爱学，爱学才能增加，增加才能长智。”可见，生趣是爱学、增加、长智的起点。在实际的教学工作中，每节课都必须精心设计，以激发学生的求知欲。例如在讲“函数”时授课前让学生先计算：2的4次方是多少?2/3的三分之二次方是多少?学生在解决了第一题后，所学知识不能解出第二题，于是就有了找到解法的欲望。这时教师就顺势导出将要学习的新知识——函数。从而达到了激发学生学习兴趣的目的。 　　初中数学教学论文范文篇二：初中数学教学中数学思维培养 　　一、数学思维的特点 　　任何一门学科都具有其自身的特点，数学作为一门基础学科，更是具备了严谨性和抽象性的显著特点，只有牢牢把握数学的特点，在严谨性和抽象性特点的指导下开展教学工作，才能更好的培养学生严谨的数学 思维方式 。 　　1.数学思维具有严谨性 　　数学是一门对逻辑性思维要求十分严格的学科，它要求教学人员对概念和定义有精准的把握和透彻的理解，对于问题的结论，也应做到反复论证，以便在教学中能够完整的表达数学名词的实质意义。在实际教学过程中，不同学生对知识的理解能力也各不相同，因此在传授知识的过程中不能够向数学科学一样做到绝对精准，这就要求老师因材施教，差别化的对待不同学生，进行数学思维的培养，进而逐步走向严谨。 　　2.数学思维具有抽象性 　　所谓抽象性，就是指用数学来表示客观存在的事物的本质特征和物与物之间的关联性。所有的数学定义都是从客观事物中总结归纳而来的，并不断提升，不断探索新的规律和法则，最终形成的完整的数学体系。而在这个过程中，抽象性不断加深，概况性不断提升，人们对事物的认识程度也就不断加深。因此，与其他学科思维相比，数学学习所需的 抽象思维 更有层次性。 　　二、培养初中生良好思维方式的 方法 　　具备良好的思维方式是学好一门学科的关键，而思维的发展也需要一定的知识基础作铺垫。在初中教学中，也应掌握恰当的方式方法，综合运用不同技巧加强对学生数学思维的培养和引导。 　　1.不断拓展学生的思维 　　在教学过程中，老师的教授讲解固然重要，但也应适当给予学生独立思考的时间，并在习题练习的过程中对知识进行把握和充分理解。教师在对一些特殊概念和知识的讲解过程中应与学生深入探讨，而非停留在只教授不讨论、只讲概念不深入探究的阶段。要加强对学生自主学习能力的培养，带动学生学习的主动性，从而逐步拓宽学生的思维，增强学生数学学习的逻辑思维能力。另外，也要充分利用学生的错误，在学生错误解答题目或错误理解概念时，应当深入分析出错的原因，从根本上纠正错误的思维方式。 　　2.运用正确的引导方式和教学方式 　　教师在教学过程中，要有清晰的头脑和明确的思维逻辑方式，在讲解过程中应有步骤、有层次的进行讲解。例如，在初中数学中引入绝对值的概念，这就区别于低年级的数学教学，介绍负数的概念给学生，从而拓宽了学生对于数字的理解范围。对于|x|，x的值不是单一的+x，而是分成不同的情况。它的值可能是-x，也可能是+x，也可能是0。而教师在讲解绝对值概念时，也应结合数轴上的点来介绍绝对值的大小，即到原点零的距离。另外，对于不同版本的课本和教材，也应有不同的 教学方法 和顺序，适时调整教学活动，不拘泥于课本，才能更好的培养学生的思维能力，提升学生数学学习的整体能力。 　　3.培养学生的学习兴趣 　　学习兴趣是促进学生进步和发展的最大动力，因此，老师在教学的同时要善于培养学生的学习兴趣，有利于学生更快速的理解知识，使学生能够积极主动的学习而非被动听课。同时，应关心稍稍落后的学生，适时的给予鼓励和并加以引导，促使他们积极思考，不断发掘新问题，提出疑惑，并和学生一同思考解答。例如，在讲解“如何求解一元二次方程的根”的问题时，应带领学生尝试不同方法进行求解。详细介绍因式分解法、图象求解法、配方法等多种方法，并对应习题进行练习讲解，而不是固定的只讲解一种方法，应让学生自主选择合适的方法。 　　4.运用现代教学方式和技术进行课堂教学 　　随着科技的不断进步与发展，计算机电子技术的进步，应将其综合运用到数学教学中，对于几何学的教学，可采用动态图的演示方式，更加具体的使学生感受到图形的变化以及变化过程中的规律，及时进行归纳总结。对于没有条件的地区，教师在教授过程中，应有过硬的绘图功底，通过绘制主要的图形变化过程帮助学生理解课堂知识，拓宽思维。 　　三、结束语 　　数学思维能力的好坏直接关系到分析其他问题的能力，而课堂教学效果的好坏也直接影响到学生数学思维能力的培养，因此应当引起教学工作者足够的重视。在适当时应摒弃传统落后的教学观念，结合新的思维方式进行教学，留给学生充分的独立思考空间，激发学生学习数学的兴趣，使学生在学习过程中做到举一反三，让学生在自主学习的过程中发现数学的乐趣，并养成良好的思维方式，从而为今后的数学学习以及其他学科的学习打下扎实的基础。 　　初中数学教学论文范文篇三：初中数学教学课堂小结研究 　　一、进行课堂小结的方式 　　1.梳理课堂知识.一种常见的课堂小结方式，就是把整堂课的知识用简短的话从头到尾梳理一遍，这种梳理不是通篇的叙述，而是有重点的、分层次的总结.例如，在讲“点和圆，直线和圆的位置关系”时，课堂小结就主要是把点与圆的三种位置关系、直线与圆的三种位置关系，结合黑板上的图例再次梳理一遍.这种总结方式，可以让学生全面地复习一遍所讲内容，对新知识有整体了解，同时可以让学生形成对知识的网络式记忆，把知识延伸到整个学习系统中. 　　2.概括课堂知识.教师还可以对课堂内容进行几句话的概括总结，这种概括要涉及新课内容的关键点，通常用于新课内容有多个重要知识的情况下. 　　3.联系以前知识.有些新课的内容是在以前所学知识的基础上进一步扩展而来，或者是新课与所学知识有着一定的相似度.在课堂小结的时候，教师可以将两者进行联系，进行对照解读.这样的课堂小结，可以让学生具体形象地理解所学内容.当然，当遇到新课与旧知识有着明显反差的时候，教师也可以拿来对比解读，以避免学生对新知识和旧知识产生混淆.这样一来，学生心中的知识脉络就会更加清晰. 　　4.和学生共同回想课堂知识.数学教师在讲课时往往是单方面讲授课堂内容给学生，而很少有和学生进行互动的，这都是因为学科的特性和课堂时间的紧迫，而缺乏互动可能导致学生和课堂的融入度不够，容易造成开小差的现象.教师在进行课堂总结时可以有意地和学生进行互动，共同复习整堂课的知识.可以是对学生进行课堂关键内容的提问，也可以是向学生询问他们所认为的难点内容来再一次讲解以答疑和强化记忆.这样，不仅活跃了课堂气氛，拉近了教师与学生的距离，让学生更亲近课堂，让教师更了解学生的学习现状，同时让学生对难点内容有了进一步的学习和消化. 　　二、进行课堂小结的注意点 　　课堂小结不是教师一味地总结讲课知识，这里的本体应该是学生自己，是学生来回味和消化课堂所学内容，不懂的地方提出疑问，教师起到串联和辅导作用.教师可以从学生的角度考虑如何总结，才能提高复习效果. 　　1.课堂小结的概括性.课堂小结要简单明了，用几句概括性的话语进行总结，不宜多次重复复杂内容，这样不仅起不到总结的效果，还会让学生更加混淆，对所学知识产生过多疑问.另外，课堂小结应该用最直接的语言讲述出课堂内容，不应该加以多少修饰，以避免所述内容的冗长，导致上课时间的不够. 　　2.课堂小结要有重点.有的人说，一堂课里有一半的时间讲重点内容就很难得，而学生只要把这些重点听明白，他们这堂课的收益就很大.课堂小结相对于课堂上的详细讲解而言，是为大部分学生整理的要点总结，不需要对整堂课的内容都重述一遍，而要对讲课内容的要点进行有针对性的重点回顾，这样可以帮助学生理清课堂的重点内容，进行重点练习和记忆. 　　3.课堂小结要能引导课外学习.课堂小结是一堂课的结尾总结，也是学生课外学习的一个开始.课堂小结要注重引导学生对所学知识进行深入探究.例如，在讲解例题后，可以让学生寻找课外相似的题目进行训练，充分利用学生的课外时间进行学习拓展.同时，能使课堂与课外连接起来，促进学生的课外学习.总之，课堂小结是初中数学教学中必不可少的环节之一.做好课堂的总结是每个教师的分内之事，它不是一个可有可无的环节.做好课堂小结，不仅能让学生的学习更加轻松有效率，而且能够帮助教师进行授课总结，从而提高教学效果.