孔子的翻译

1、知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 He who knows is not as good as he who knows, nor as happy as he who knows. 2、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 3、人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ Is it not a gentleman who does not know and is stunned? 4、君子以文会友，以友辅仁。 Gentlemen make friends by means of literature and help others by means of friends. 5、逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 Dead people like this, day and night. 6、关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 Guan Sui is happy but not lustful, sad but not sad. 7、三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize divisions, but no man can seize aspirations. 8、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. 9、温故而知新，可以为师矣。 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 10、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 11、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It"s too late to change. 12、学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it true to learn from time to time? 13、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 What is it for me to know, to learn and not to tire of teaching tirelessly? 14、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 15、父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。 The father is there, watching his ambition. Father did not, watch his deeds. It can be said that filial piety has not changed from father"s way in three years. 16、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 17、我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 I am not born to know. I am old and eager for it. 18、唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。 Only women and villains are difficult to support. Near is Sun, far is resentment. 19、己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do what you don"t want to do to others.

孔子的名言 英语 　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

有教无类。In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.当仁，不让于师。When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher.学而时习之，不亦说乎？Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application?温故而知新，可以为师矣。If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous.敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me?我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

网上有现成的, 请参考.When Socrates Meets Confucius　　　As is known to all, there were two sages around the same time who were comparable to each other. One was Confucius, in China, and the other was the ancient Greek thinker, Socrates, whom, up to now, are still praised by the whole world. They both had philosophies that stood out among human beings and both had great influence on us and continue to have that influence. They are not only great philosophers, but also maestros in many fields, especially the area of education.　　　Though they lived in almost the same time, they were from two completely separate parts of the world. But still, as the saying goes, great minds think alike. These two maestros had a lot in common when it comes to education. Does it ever occur to you what kind of sparks would have been created if they had met each other? 　　　In the respect of teaching subjects, they were both well aware that there was no such thing as a distinction between classes or races of people, which made civilization and education universal to a great extent. I dare say they would have fully supported each other in this point of view. 　　　And they would be of one mind when it comes to the function of education. Both of them attach great importance to acquired education and consider the purpose of education to be a form of nurture for people to gain political integrity and professional competence.　　　In regards to their teaching methods, these two mentors both paid attention to developing the students" thinking ability through inspirational teaching ways, called heuristic teaching, or elicitation method. They saw eye to eye in this viewpoint, a viewpoint that has an enormous impact on modern education. 　　　Because of the differences between their two political systems and social environments, they also disagreed with each other on many perspectives, but, regardless, I think these two maestros would work it out. 　　　Thank you for taking your time.

一般认为古英语出现在公元450年左右，而孔子出生在公元前551年，当时还没有英语，所以孔子肯定是不会英语的。

Y吧的筒子们 帮忙！

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give Pcedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

1、士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 Scholars aspire to Tao, but those who disgrace evil clothes and food are not enough to discuss. 2、见善无不及，见不善如探汤。 Seeing good is better than seeing bad. 3、君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！ If a gentleman wants to turn folklore into a custom, he must learn from it! 4、岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。 Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves. 5、其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。 If he is in a right position, he will not act accordingly; if he is in a wrong position, he will not obey. 6、君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。 A gentleman is respectful and tolerant, but kind and reserved. 7、夫达也者，质直而好义。察言而观色，虑以下人。 Fudaye, straight and righteous. Look at what you say and look at what you see. Consider the following people. 8、轻千乘之国，而重一言之信。 A thousand times lighter than a thousand, but one word more. 9、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？见利思义，见危授命。 It is such a delight to have friends ing from afar? See profit, see danger and give orders. 10、君子耻其言而过其行。 A gentleman is ashamed of his words and deeds. 11、学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching. 12、士而怀居，不足为士矣！ It is not enough for a scholar to live in his home. 13、饭疏食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。 Eating sparsely, drinking water, bending the brachium and pillow, music is also in it. 14、君子矜而不争，群而不党。 A gentleman is reserved but not contentious, but a group is not a party. 15、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 Unrighteousness, wealth and wealth are like clouds to me. 16、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 17、志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。 People with lofty ideals are benevolent. They do not seek survival to harm benevolence. They kill themselves to bee benevolent. 18、君子周而不比，小人比而不周。 A gentleman is more than a gentleman, but a villain is less than a gentleman. 19、可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。 You can support a six-foot solitary, you can send a hundred-mile order, facing the big festival and can not be seized. 20、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize manders, but no man can seize aspirations. 21、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 22、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 23、学如不及，犹恐失之。 If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it. 24、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 25、君于疾没世而名不称焉。 You are not famous for your death. 26、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 27、有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。 There are four ways for a gentleman: he is respectful in his actions, respectful in his deeds, benefiting his people, and righteous in his actions. 28、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。 Quality is better than literature, but history is better than literature. Gentleman, then gentleman. 29、始吾于人也，听其言而信其行。今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。 I start with people, listen to what they say and believe in what they do. Today, I am also in the person, listen to his words and watch his actions.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius(Chinese:孔夫子;pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ;Wade-Giles:K"ung-fu-tzu),lit."MasterKong,"[1](September28,551BC–479BC)wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher,whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese,Korean,Japanese,TaiwaneseandVietnamesethoughtandlife.Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines,suchasLegalism(法家)orTaoism(道家)duringtheHanDynasty[2][3][4](206BC–220AD).Confucius"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism(儒家).ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci,whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas"Confucius."HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius(论语),acollectionof"briefaphoristicfragments",whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius,[5][6]butfornearly2,000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassics[7][8]suchastheClassicofRites(editor),andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals(春秋)(author).

孔子名言英语翻译如下：1、性相近也，习相远也。By nature， men are nearly alike； by practice， they get to be wide apar.2、过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others.

孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗，问其故。一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”KongziDongYu,seethetwochildrenfightingdebate,askedwhy.Onechildsaid:"WhenIgotoonedaybeforetheclose,whileJapanisalsothetimeaway."Achildtothebeginningofadayaway,whileJapan,withtheapproachalso.Onechildsaid:"thebeginningofthedayasbigascarcovers,andJapanislikeplatespoons,thisisnotnearlyasmuchbythosesmallandlargealmost?"Onechildsaid:"thebeginningoftheCangCangcoolday,andJapan,suchasExplorationofsoup,thisisnotnearlyfararethosehotandcoldDown?"Confuciuscannotmusthave.Twochildrenlaughedandsaid:"AseveryoneknowsalmostasmuchRu?"

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

Confuius"s given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death, his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2,500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology, strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites. Confucius said, "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my instructor." "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished too." "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of teaching."... Today, these philosophical sayings are still shining brilliantly. In the long span of the Chinese history, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding Confucius.

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

1 very broad prospects of development2.孔子（前551-前479）是春秋时期鲁国人,名丘,字仲尼2 Confucius (551- 479 BC) is the spring and Autumn period luguoren,mounds,styled Zhong Ni

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

【原文】　　子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”　　【译文】　　孔子说：“不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他；不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就不要再反复地给他举例了。”　　翻译：　　KongZisaidthat,"Diligentlydoesnotwanttoravelbutdoesnothavethedegreetohimnottohavetoenlightenhim;Tohisheartindidnotunderstandactuallycannotconsummatethedegreewhichexpressesnottohavetoinspirehim.Ifhecannotextrapolate,didnotmustagainrepeatedlygiveanexampletohim."

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

热心网友 最快回答According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(1) 　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and thefounder of Confucian School in ancient China. It"ssaid he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom areexcellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visitvarious states for 14 years. During 5,000 years" history of China, it"s Confucius who has exertedthe greatest impact on Chinese nation"s characteristic and temperament. He is upright,optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, andseeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have beeninfluencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(2) 　　孔子是春秋时期鲁国伟大的思想家和教育家，是儒家学派的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”。根据其学说发展起来的儒家思想是中国历史上影响最大的思想流派，被汉代及以后的历代封建统治者所推崇利用，成为影响整个封建社会的意识形态。孔子的言论和生平活动被其弟子收录在《论语》中。在21世纪，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial school of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confucius" doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(3) 　　孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You lan, one of the great 20th century authorities in the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator of ancient China, founder of Confucian school, one of the world"s most famous cultural celebrities孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一Shakespeare is very good, until now we still liked his work莎士比亚的作品很好,直到现在我们还喜欢他的作品Mark Twain was an American writer, his novel is very good-looking马克吐温是一位美国作家,他的小说很好看

译文：孔子说：我死之后，子夏会比以前更有进步，而子贡会比以前有所退步“曾子问：为什么呢？”孔子说：子夏喜爱同比自已贤明的人在一起，（所以他的道德修养将日有提高）；子贡喜欢同才质比不上自已的人相处，（因此他的道德修养将日见丧失）。不了解孩子如何，看看孩子的父亲就知道（孩子将来的情况）了，不了解本人，看他周围的朋友就可以了，不了解主子，看他派遣的使者就可以了，不了解本地的情况看本地的草木 就可以了。所以常和品行高尚的人在一起，就像沐浴在种植芝兰散满香气的屋子里一样，时间长了便闻不到香味，但本身已经充满香气了；和品行低劣的人在一起，就像到了卖鲍鱼的地方，时间长了也闻不到臭了，也是融入到环境里了；藏丹的地方时间长了回变红，藏漆的地方时间长了回变黑，也是环境影响使然啊！所以说真正的君子必须谨慎的选择自己处身的环境。原文：孔子曰：“吾死之后，则商也日益，赐也日损。”曾子曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“商好与贤己者处，赐好说不若己者。不知其子，视其父；不知其人，视其友。不知其君，视其所使；不识其地，视其草木。故曰：“与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所与处者焉。”扩展资料《孔子家语》又名《孔氏家语》，或简称《家语》，是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子思想言行的著作。今传本《孔子家语》共十卷四十四篇，魏王肃注，书后附有王肃序和《后序》。《后序》实际上分为两部分，前半部分内容以孔安国语气所写，一般称之为《孔安国序》，后半部分内容为安国以后人所写，故称之为《后孔安国序》，其中收有孔安国的孙子孔衍关于《家语》的《奏言》。孔子（ 英语：Confucius , 公元前 551年 --- 公元前 479年 ），名：丘，字：仲尼，中国春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今中国山东曲阜市东南）人。中国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。孔子是中国文化中的核心学说儒家的首代宗师，集华夏上古文化之大成，删定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”。

Confusius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C. He is a man who had many wise ideas and thoughts about nature,the world and human behavior. He is a great teacher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in derrerent countries. For example,one of his famous sayings,Learn the new while reviewing the old,tell us the importance of reviewing what we have learned.公元前551，孔子出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他是一个对自然，世界和人类言行有着伟大思想的人。他是一个伟大的先师，他的言论对来自不同国家的人都产生了影响。例如，他有一句名言，“温故而知新”，告诉我们复习我们所学过的东西的重要性。

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孔子是不会英语的，所以没有英语老师。孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日)。孔子生活在距今约2500年前。而英格兰（英语区域）的概念最早在距今约1500年前才出现。就是说在孔子生活的年代后约1000年才有英语的概念，孔子不会穿越，让孔子讲英语，真是强人所难。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 下载地址和全文，节选都可 解析: lsfyw/Article/Class89/Class97/200509/4035 上面网站不错，比较多 phorum.nst.pku.edu/showthread.php?threadid=662 这个也可以去看看下面的是一些摘录，来自网上资源 一）子曰：”学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” The Master said,To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should e to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?To remain unsoured even though one"s merits are unrecognized by other, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? （二）子曰：”吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩．” The master ssaid, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered fromperplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I destred no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. （三）子曰：”贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在了；陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐．贤哉回也！” The master said,Inparable indeed was hui!A hardful of rice to eat,a gourdful of water to drink,living in a mean steer-others would have found it unendurably depressing.but to Hui"s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Inparable indeed was Hui! 论语英文版CONFUCIAN ANALECTS <P>1 The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? "Is it not delightful to have friends ing from distant quarters? "Is he not a man of plete virtue, who feels no disposure though men may take no note of him?" The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?" The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. "Have no friends not equal to yourself. "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them." The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence." Tsze-ch"in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master es to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and plaisant and thus he gets his information. The master"s mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?" The Master said, "While a man"s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial." The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things *** all and great we follow them. "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done." The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters." The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the pany of men of principle that he may be rectified:- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn." Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety." Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish."-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed." The Master said, "With one like Ts"ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence." The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."</P> 『⒈1』子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不</P> 愠，不亦君子乎？”</P> 『⒈2』有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，</P> 未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”</P> 『⒈3』子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”</P> 『⒈4』曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不</P> 习乎？”</P> 『⒈5』子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”</P> 『⒈6』子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，</P> 则以学文。”</P> 『⒈7』子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，</P> 言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”</P> 『⒈8』子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则</P> 勿惮改。”</P> 『⒈9』曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”</P> 『⒈10』子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？</P> 子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与</P> ？”</P> 『⒈11』子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣</P> 。”</P> 『⒈12』有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行</P> ，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”</P> 『⒈13』有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，</P> 亦可宗也。”</P> 『⒈14』子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，</P> 可谓好学也已。”</P> 『⒈15』子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐</P> ，富而好礼者也。”</P> 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋，如琢如磨"，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，</P> 始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”</P> 『⒈16』子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。”</P> 其实网上关于这方面还是挺多的，这也只是一部分，如不能满足，可继续搜索 或者买一本外研社出版的论语英文版，也不贵，好像才10左右 good luck

形容孔子美好品质的英语词汇1.intelligent [u026an"telu026adu0292(u0259)nt] adj. 智能的；聪明的2.humality 仁义3.studious ["stjuu02d0du026au0259s] adj. 用功的

译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础，以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用，他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐,以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years" traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius" thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

【1】不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.【2】工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.【3】君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.【4】君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.【5】道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.【6】性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.【7】过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.【8】己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.【9】言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.【10】有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?【11】人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?【12】逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!【13】人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.

confucius Confuius"s given name is Qiu also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu China 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C..Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence) its form of expression is Li(the Rites).Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn Book of Odes Book of History Book of Rites Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects) one of the Four Books.Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang died.（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）In the eleventh year of the reign of Duke Zhao of Lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）Because of the hard life when hewas young, I could do some simple work.（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）Duke Jinng of Qi said he was too old to use it.（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）Confucius had to flee to the state of Lu.（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）In the third year of Ai gong of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）孔子思想：An important proposition of Confucius" thought of governing history is "straightness".（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "knowing for knowing.（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）谢谢！希望能帮助您!

中国古代的哲学家（思想家）

孔子老人家不会英语，也没有听说过英语，英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。

the Analects of Confuciusanalects n.选集; 语录Confucius 【源自[孔夫子]的拉丁文名】 <<名词>>孔子

“孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家”翻译成英文意思是：confuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinthehistoryofchina"

英语介绍孔子时一般现在时态

孔夫子本人没有著作。《论语》是他弟子记录他的言行的，英语是theAnalects还有应该是Confucius"sworks~

1君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！agentlemanifyouwouldliketochangeinfluencethepeopleandformmoralcustoms,thewilltolearnfrom!2学而不厌，诲人不倦。beinsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching.3工欲善其事,必先利其器。worktodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhisdevice.

资源拉字至上https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pIiTCgBJgxw4r9iGoOd7Cg提取码：myz6https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oSeZizDLeDbOcChkVIPYJw提取码：tdpkhttps://pan.baidu.com/s/1-04_9i7BPQQtzHZcb5M2qQ提取码：0c95https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o-JYrVtjfKUOIKpaHwbJDA提取码：ta7r从芝加哥大学刚毕业的Jenny（Mia Kirshner饰）搬去了洛杉矶和她男朋友Tim（Eric Mabius饰）一起居住，也开始了她的职业作家生涯。一些连续的事情，使她生活变得沮丧，当她参加了她男朋友邻居，Bette（詹妮弗·比尔斯Jennifer Beals饰）和Tina（劳蕾尔·霍勒曼Laurel Holloman饰），一对经历7年约会而走到一起的同性恋恋人举办的晚会。在晚会上的一些遭遇也使Jenny确信进入这个女同性恋团体，一个新的世界。第二季承接第一季的故事情节。出轨的贝蒂伤透了蒂娜的心，贝蒂想方设法求得蒂娜回心转意。詹妮的生活 方式让蒂姆大发雷霆，决定搬离洛杉矶。Alice（蕾莎·海利Leisha Hailey饰）与Dana（爱琳·丹尼尔斯 Erin Daniels饰）的地下恋情发展迅速。Shane（凯瑟琳·莫宁 Katherine Moennig）与Carmen（萨拉·沙希 Sarah Shahi饰）一见钟情，打得火热。汉密哈顿“星球”餐厅重新开张，海伦娜（蕾切尔·雪莉 Rachel Shelley饰）带着浩浩荡荡的摄影队伍出现在蒂娜眼前……在“The L World”里，好像每个人的生活都出现了大大小小的问题，可生活（Life）与爱（Love）仍在继续。

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Km

这个用法有很多 比如你想去什么地方或赠送什么物品给谁都要用到a

最常见的几种传感器原理您好，我是斯巴拓电子的技术人员。压力传感器是工业实践中最为常用的一种传感器，其广泛应用于各种工业自控环境，涉及水利水电、铁路交通、智能建筑、生产自控、航空航天、军工、石化、油井、电力、船舶、机床、管道等众多行业，下面我们简单地了解一些常见压力传感器的工作原理。广州斯巴拓电子科技1、应变片压力传感器原理力学传感器的种类繁多，如电阻应变片压力传感器、半导体应变片压力传感器、压阻式压力传感器、电感式压力传感器、电容式压力传感器、谐振式压力传感器及电容速度传感器等。但应用最为广泛的是压阻式压力传感器，它具有极低的价格和较高的精度以及较好的线性特性。下面我们主要介绍这类传感器。在了解压阻式力传感器时，我们首先认识一下电阻应变片这种元件。电阻应变片是一种将被测件上的应变变化转换成为一种电信号的敏感器件。它是压阻式应变传感器的主要组成部分之一。电阻应变片应用最多的是金属电阻应变片和半导体应变片两种。金属电阻应变片又有丝状应变片和金属箔状应变片两种。通常是将应变片通过特殊的粘和剂紧密的粘合在产生力学应变基体上，当基体受力发生应力变化时，电阻应变片也一起产生形变，使应变片的阻值发生改变，从而使加在电阻上的电压发生变化。这种应变片在受力时产生的阻值变化通常较小，一般这种应变片都组成应变电桥，并通过后续的仪表放大器进行放大，再传输给处理电路（通常是AD转换和CPU）显示或执行机构。电阻应变片的工作原理金属电阻应变片的工作原理是吸附在基体材料上应变电阻随机械形变而产生阻值变化的现象，俗称为电阻应变效应。金属导体的电阻值可用下式表示：式中：p------金属导体的电阻率(O cm2m)S------导体的截面积(cm2)L-----导体的长度(m)我们以金属丝应变电阻为例，当金属丝受外力作用时，其长度和截面积都会发生变化，从上式中可很容易看出，其电阻值即会发生改变，假如金属丝受外力作用而伸长时，其长度增加，而截面积减少，电阻值便会增大。当金属丝受外力作用而压缩时，长度减小而截面增加，电阻值则会减小。只要测出加在电阻的变化（通常是测量电阻两端的电压），即可获得应变金属丝的应变压力。2、陶瓷压力传感器原理抗腐蚀的陶瓷压力传感器也是基于压阻效应，压力直接作用在陶瓷膜片的前表面，使膜片产生微小的形变，厚膜电阻（压敏电阻）印刷在陶瓷膜片的背面，连接成一个惠斯通电桥（闭桥），由于压敏电阻的压阻效应，使电桥产生一个与压力成正比的高度线性、与激励电压也成正比的电压信号，标准的信号根据压力量程的不同标定为2.0 3.0 3.3mVV等，可以和应变式传感器相兼容。通过激光标定，传感器具有很高的温度稳定性和长期稳定性，传感器通常自带温度补偿，因为压力接口是陶瓷，可以和绝大多数介质直接接触。陶瓷是一种公认的高弹性、抗腐蚀、抗磨损、抗冲击和振动的材料。陶瓷的热稳定特性及它的厚膜电阻可以使它的工作温度范围高达-40?135°C，而且具有测量的高精度、高稳定性。电气绝缘程度＞2kV，输出信号强，长期稳定性好。高特性，低价格的陶瓷传感器将是压力传感器的发展方向，在欧美国家有全面替代其它类型传感器的趋势，在中国也越来越多的用户使用陶瓷传感器替代扩散硅压力传感器。扩散硅压力传感器工作原理也是基于压阻效应，单晶硅材料在受到外力作用产生极微小应变，其内部原子机构的电子能级状态会发生变化，从而导致其电阻率剧烈变化（G因子突变）其电阻也就出现极大变化，这种物理效应称为压阻效应。利用压阻效应的原理，采集集成工艺技术经过掺杂、扩散，单晶硅晶向，制成应变电阻，构成惠斯通电桥，利用硅材料的弹性力学特性，在同一硅材料上进行各向异性微加工，就制成了一个集力敏与力电转换检测于一体的扩散硅传感器。被测介质的压力直接作用于传感器的膜片上（不锈钢或陶瓷），使膜片产生于介质压力成正比的微位移，是传感器的电阻值发生变化，利用电子线路检测这一变化，并转换输出一个对应于这一压力的编织测量信号。4、蓝宝石压力传感器原理利用应变电阻式工作原理，采用硅-蓝宝石作为半导体敏感元件，具有无与伦比的计量特性。蓝宝石系由单晶体绝缘体元素组成，不会发生滞后、疲劳和蠕变现象，蓝宝石比硅要坚固，硬度更高，不怕形变；MS石有着非常好药弹性和绝缘特性（1000 0C以肖），因此，利用硅-蓝宝石制造的半导体敏感元件，对温度变化不敏感，即使存高温条件下，也有很好的工作特性；蓝宝石的抗辐命障性极强；另外，硅-蓝宝石半导体敏感元件，无p-n漂移，因此，从根本上简化了制造工艺，提高了重复性，确保了高成品率。用硅-蓝宝石半导体敏感元件制造的压力传感器和变送器，可在最恶劣的工作条件下正常工作，并且可靠性高、精度好、温度误差极小、性价比高。5、压电式压力传感器原理压电传感器中主要使用的压电材料包括有石英、酒石酸钾钠和磷酸二氢胺。其中石英（二氧化硅）是一种天然晶体，压电效应就是在这种晶体中发现的，在一定的温度范围之内，压电性质一直存在，但温度超过这个范围之后，压电性质完全消失（这个高温就是所谓的“居里点”）。由于随着应力的变化电场变化微小（也就说压电系数比较低），所以石英逐渐被其他的压电晶体所替代。而酒石酸钾钠具有很大的压电灵敏度和压电系数，但是它只能在室温和湿度比较低的环境下才能够应用。磷酸一.氢胺属于人造晶体，能够承受高温和相当高的湿度，所以己经得到了广泛的应用。现在压电效应也应用在多晶体上，比如现在的压电陶瓷，包括钛酸钡压电陶瓷、PZT、铌酸盐系压电陶瓷、铌镁酸铅压电陶瓷等等。压电效应是压电传感器的主要工作原理，压电传感器不能用于静态测量，因为经过外力作用后的电荷，只有在回路具有无限大的输入阻抗时才得到保存。实际的情况不是这样的，所以这决定了压电传感器只能够测量动态的应力压电传感器主要应用在加速度、压力和力等的测量中。压电式传感器也可以用来测量发动机内部燃烧压力的测量与真空度的测量。也可以用于军事工业，例如用它来测量枪炮子弹在膛中击发的一瞬间的膛压的变化和炮口的冲击波压力。它既可以用来测量大的压力，也可以用来测量微小的压力。

　　千米用英语怎么说 　　1. km，发音:US/ku026a老外老外ɑu02d0m老外u026at老外u0259r/;英文/k老外u026a老外u0252m老外u026at老外u0259/。 　　2. 定义:km n.[测量]km;(测量)公里。 　　3.他每天早上步行两公里去上班

　　深圳市所有的派出所　　南头派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　福田派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　水上派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　西乡派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　香蜜湖派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　沿河派出所　　地址：秀东街15号　　电话：0755-25116082　　沿山派出所　　地址：沿山路13号　　电话：0755-26686503　　雷岭派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　沿山派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　白石派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　公园派出所　　地址：东湖一街9号　　大冲派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　草埔派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　电话：0755-25671044　　南华派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　麻岭派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　金塘派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　水湾派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　立新派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市人民北路3002号　　电话：0755-82237352　　河东派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　塘尾派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　水库派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　泥岗派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　同乐派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　上林派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　四海派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　竹子林派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　上沙河派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　电话：0755-26620723　　松坪山派出所　　地址：郎山路1号　　电话：0755-26615110　　文锦渡派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　深圳市沙头派出所　　地址：上沙新村20号　　电话：0755-83303110　　深圳市黄贝派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区华丽路1065　　电话：0755-25401471　　深圳市螺岭派出所　　地址：翠园街63号　　电话：0755-82237352　　深圳市桂园派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区宝安南路松园西街28号　　电话：0755-25595314　　深圳市侯机楼派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安国际机场旁　　电话：0755-27776152　　南度派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　华荔派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　南直派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市　　电话：0755-26971244　　海山派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市盐田区　　南联派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　东角头港派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　新桥派出所(长清旅馆北)　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　深圳市坪地派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区坪地镇劳动管理站对面　　电话：0755-84094009　　深圳市华富派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市莲心路2号　　电话：0755-83221110　　深圳市口岸派出所　　地址：和平路1001号　　电话：0755-82344111　　深圳市大浪派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区大浪新八巷1号　　电话：0755-28120113　　深圳市塘朗派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区塘朗村　　电话：0755-26010777　　深圳市莲塘派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区罗沙路4020号　　电话：0755-25703110　　深圳市翻身派出所　　地址：自由路　　电话：0755-27826392　　深圳市观澜派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区新澜大街70号　　电话：0755-27983245　　深圳市湖滨派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市碧波花园19栋　　电话：0755-27788547　　深圳市新乐派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区海乐路8　　电话：0755-27892611　　深圳市蛇口派出所　　地址：蛇口新街223号　　电话：0755-26693311　　深圳市龙城派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区龙华镇龙观东路　　电话：0755-28144110　　深圳市壆岗派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区壆岗大道消防楼左侧　　电话：0755-27261110　　深圳市笋岗派出所　　地址：宝岗路213　　电话：0755-82432263　　深圳市东晓派出所　　地址：布吉镇　　电话：0755-25671155　　深圳市南凤派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区观光路　　电话：0755-27409120　　深圳市沙井派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区新沙路492号　　电话：0755-27729110　　深圳市丽苑派出所　　地址：东门北路2083号　　电话：0755-25531512　　深圳市宝安派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市湖滨东路19号　　电话：0755-27780580　　深圳市福永派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区艺术中心后面　　电话：0755-27395110　　深圳市客运派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区工业大道2　　电话：0755-26686547　　深圳市天安派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区泰然五路　　电话：0755-83400110　　深圳市莲塘派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市莲塘路　　电话：0755-25708907　　深圳市共乐派出所　　地址：西乡镇共乐村　　电话：0755-27904026　　深圳市一湾派出所　　地址：西港大道2号　　电话：0755-26675660　　深圳市镇南派出所　　地址：宝安十九区兴华路　　电话：0755-27788547　　深圳市盐田派出所　　地址：深圳市盐田区宏安三街66　　电话：0755-25203999　　深圳市华富派出所　　地址：静逸街　　电话：0755-83231111　　深圳市官田派出所　　地址：吉祥路　　电话：0755-27762555　　深圳市园岭派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区上步中路1010号　　电话：0755-82100222　　深圳市燕罗派出所　　地址：燕川村　　电话：0755-27070999　　深圳市上塘派出所　　地址：和平西路　　电话：0755-28145110　　深圳市福永派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区富永街道万福广场旁边文化艺术中心后面　　深圳市南头派出所　　地址：深圳市南山大道168号　　电话：0755-26746110　　深圳市招商派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区公园路23号　　电话：0755-26682331　　深圳市翠竹派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区北环大道　　电话：0755-25502110　　深圳市粤海派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区蛇口华明路海达楼　　电话：0755-26555250　　深圳市民治派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区龙华镇民治村阳光路28号　　电话：0755-28191110　　深圳市梅沙派出所　　地址：大梅沙　　电话：0755-25062999　　深圳市石岩派出所　　地址：宝石东路　　电话：0755-27760209　　景田派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　黄田派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　白芒派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　口岸派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　塘头派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　玉塘派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　凤凰派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　西丽派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　楼村派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　粤海派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　东周派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　上塘派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　东湾派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　沙河派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　东深派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　深圳市高新区派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区朗山路2　　电话：0755-26615110　　深圳市松岗镇派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区沙汀路　　电话：0755-27135885　　深圳市五湾港派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区港湾大道　　深圳市香蜜湖派出所　　地址：紫竹六道6　　电话：0755-83702115　　深圳市清水河派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区洪涛路1号　　电话：0755-82428261　　深圳市八卦岭派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区八卦路38　　电话：0755-82404500　　深圳市候机楼派出所　　地址：宝安机场旁　　电话：0755-27776152　　松岗镇派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　侯机楼派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　深圳市皇岗口岸派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区福港路50号　　电话：0755-84462110　　市公安局公路运输派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市福田区　　黄贝派出所海珑责任区办公点　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　深圳市福田区保税区派出所　　地址：桂花路13　　电话：0755-83592110　　深圳市南山派出所　　地址：南山路1155　　电话：0755-26640284　　深圳市福田派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区深南大道1001　　电话：0755-88366110　　深圳市南塘派出所　　地址：深南东路3006号　　电话：0755-26746110　　罗岗区派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　电话：0755-28881152　　坂田派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　李朗派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　爱联派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　石井派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　梧桐派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　盛平派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　辅城派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　南岭派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　龙岗派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　深圳市荷坳派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区荷坳村　　电话：0755-28626110　　深圳市布吉派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区布吉镇吉华路117号　　电话：0755-28871099　　深圳市水径派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区布吉镇上水径村委　　电话：0755-28876301　　深圳市六约派出所　　地址：横岗镇六约村云和路88号　　电话：0755-28505000　　深圳市南澳派出所　　地址：南澳镇南澳街　　电话：0755-84402110　　深圳市坑梓派出所　　地址：坑梓镇人民西路1号　　电话：0755-84138110　　深圳市土洋派出所　　地址：海景路2号　　电话：0755-84230110　　深圳市沙湾派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区布吉镇沙湾沙平北路　　电话：0755-28746110　　深圳市横岗派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区横岗镇惠深公路852号　　电话：0755-28866110　　深圳市葵冲派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区葵坪北路57号　　电话：0755-84207110　　沙头角派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市盐田区　　龙新派出所(深圳翠微培训学校西南)　　地址：广东省深圳市龙岗区　　深圳市盐田港派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区盐横路43号　　电话：0755-25200059　　深圳市沙头角派出所　　地址：深圳市盐田区沙深路125　　电话：0755-25550659　　深圳市燕子岭派出所　　地址：深圳市龙岗区燕子岭　　电话：0755-89666110　　罗湖区翠竹派出所　　地址：布心路东湖医院旁　　高新技术园区派出所　　地址：松坪山朗山路1号　　深圳市南山区水湾派出所　　地址：蛇口太子路88号　　深圳市妈湾派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市荔湾大道旁　　电话：0755-26390319　　深圳市梅林派出所　　地址：梅林路38　　电话：0755-83318110　　深圳市宝民派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安二十九区裕安二路1号　　电话：0755-27812600　　深圳市东周派出所　　地址：东隆路98　　电话：0755-27157110　　深圳市莲花派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区莲花路1106　　电话：0755-82850110　　深圳市福民派出所　　地址：观澜福民村　　电话：0755-28022353　　深圳市楼村派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区楼村　　电话：0755-27116211　　深圳市南湖派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区南湖路2009号　　电话：0755-82239119　　深圳市东方派出所　　地址：松裕路　　电话：0755-27094390　　深圳市新桥派出所　　地址：新桥路段　　电话：0755-27298110　　深圳市西丽派出所　　地址：乐丽路　　电话：0755-26620723　　深圳市沙河派出所　　地址：沙河东路　　电话：0755-26939004　　深圳市桃源派出所　　地址：深圳市南山区龙井村　　电话：0755-26781900　　深圳市景田派出所　　地址：景田南六街16号　　电话：0755-83920330　　深圳市东湖派出所　　地址：太白路1128　　电话：0755-25511808　　深圳市东湾派出所　　地址：沙湾海关旁　　电话：0755-25711322　　深圳市南园派出所　　地址：深圳市福田区南园路123号　　电话：0755-83638110　　深圳市万丰派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区南环路112号　　电话：0755-27230479　　深圳市西乡派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区新安六路12　　电话：0755-27925110　　深圳市东深派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市罗湖区　　电话：0755-25410562　　深圳市白芒派出所　　地址：白芒联检站右侧　　南沙派出所报警点　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　深圳市黄田派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区西乡镇黄田村　　电话：0755-27510335　　深圳市机场派出所　　地址：福永镇黄田机场　　电话：0755-27776031　　深圳市凤凰派出所　　地址：凤凰村　　电话：0755-27338110　　深圳市流塘派出所　　地址：前进二路　　电话：0755-27585160　　深圳市龙华派出所　　地址：龙观西路41号　　电话：0755-28136110　　深圳市油松派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区民清路115号　　电话：0755-28143111　　深圳市上南派出所　　地址：寮丰路1　　电话：0755-27291110　　深圳市公明派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区公明镇民生路296号　　电话：0755-27103110　　深圳市玉塘派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区警民路　　电话：0755-27198000　　深圳市塘头派出所　　地址：深圳市宝安区塘头大道　　电话：0755-27624999　　深圳市光明派出所　　地址：光明农场公安大楼　　电话：0755-27409110　　深圳市南沙派出所　　地址：沙井镇大王山村北环路旁　　电话：0755-81776737　　深圳市东门派出所　　地址：深圳市罗湖区乐园路57号　　电话：0755-82237352　　深圳市牛湖派出所　　地址：观澜镇高尔夫大道87号　　电话：0755-28173110　　深圳市上川派出所　　地址：宝安三十五区公园路　　电话：0755-27802650　　深圳市公安局东方派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市宝安区　　电话：0755-27096110　　深圳市公安局梅沙派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市盐田区　　深圳市公安局塘郎派出所　　地址：广东省深圳市南山区　　电话：0755-26552833百度地图

数学归纳思想在各学段之特点和教学启示 　　第一章 导论 　　1.1 问题的提出 　　在数学新课程标准中，数学思想方法的要求进一步得到了明确：“课程的基本理念是要注重提高学生的数学思维能力，在数学教学过程中，不断地引导学生经历观察发现、归纳类比和抽象概括等思维过程，这些过程有助于学生更为深层次地理解数学概念，是数学思维能力的重要体现①。”数学思想方法是数学的精髓，较之于数学知识处于更高的层次，是促进知识转化为能力的桥梁，在处理各种数学问题时，具有重要的指导性作用。重视引导学生领悟数学思想方法是提高学生思维能力的重要保证，可以使学生挣脱题海，教会他们数学地思考，真正做到有意义地学习。同时，数学思想方法几乎已渗入到了新教材的每一个专题模块中，这就要求教师必须努力钻研教材，多进行一些数学思想方法的教学探索和研究，以促进传统教学观向现代教学观的转变。本人对全国统一编写的中小学数学教材中涉及到的数学思想方法进行了粗略的统计，从统计的结果中大致可以看出几个出现频率较高的词汇：化归、抽象概括、归纳猜想、数形结合等。总体来说，在整个数学教学中演绎方法一直受到了足够的重视，而作为培养学生创新力的归纳方法却遭到不重视的待遇，反差之大引人深思。笔者认为，这正从一个侧面上反映了当前的数学教学中存在的种种弊端，即介绍新概念时只阐述定义而忽视该概念的形成过程，讲解习题时只说明解题步骤而不注重探求解题思路②。 　　...... 　　1.2 国内外研究概况 　　国外研究之现状：20 世纪以来，由于数学公理化的形成以及开展了对数学基础理论的深入研究，人们逐渐关注数学的各个分支之间的内在联系，也更加注重对数学思想方法的产生以及发展规律的探究。国外众多著名的数学家都曾对数学思想方法进行过理论研究，也取得了丰富的研究成果。经典名著如匈牙利数学家波利亚所著的《数学与猜想》，他的主要观点是:数学中有“论证推理和合情推理”两种推理。他揭示了它们之间的内在联系，即它们属于思维的两个方面、两种形式，在数学的发现和创造过程中起着交互作用。数学论文不但要重视论证推理的应用，也要重视合情推理的学习，这样可以丰富我们的科学思想，提高创新能力③。而数学归纳推理即为波利亚所指的合情推理的特殊情况。另外还有米山国藏所著的《数学的精神、思想与方法》，该著作精辟地论述了整个数学的精神实质以及贯穿于其中的重要的数学思想，而且对数学思想和方法的教学也提供了些许好的参考，他认为在中小学阶段就应该重视培养学生通过运用数学思想方法来解决生活实际中碰到的数学问题的能力。同时作者从数学发展的视角概括提炼了数学中较为普遍而又很有价值的数学思想④。 　　....... 　　第二章 相关理论研究 　　2.1 相关概念的界定 　　2.1.1 数学思想方法的内涵 　　在阐述数学归纳思想的定义之前，必须先明确数学思想方法的内涵。所谓数学思想，就是从具体的数学内容中高度抽象提炼出来的数学观点，是运用数学来解决问题的指导思想，其实就是对数学的本质认识。而数学方法指的是人们分析解决数学问题的综合性策略，即解决问题的格式和步骤，是实施数学思想的有效手段16。数学思想与数学方法是相互联系的，但又有所区别。数学思想是数学方法的精神实质，数学方法是数学思想的外在表现形式。即数学思想具有内隐性，而数学方法具有外显性。同时，数学思想的特点是普遍性和概括性，数学方法的特征则是具体性和可操作性。数学思想是数学方法的升华，它比数学方法更能深刻地反映出数学内容之间的内在关系。但是它们都作为思维活动的载体，在运用数学方法来解决问题的过程中，感性认识不断地积累到一定的程度时就会上升为数学思想，而数学思想的形成又可以对数学方法起一定的指导作用。因此，要严格区分它们是不容易的。徐利治先生在《数学方法论选讲》中未给出数学思想与数学方法以及数学思想方法的明确定义，使用时几乎不加以区别。而张奠宙先生在《数学方法论稿》中虽对数学方法和数学思想作了单独的解释，但也赞同不必刻意区分，他一般将它们统称为数学思想方法17。（范文 .） 　　....... 　　2.2 基于研究的相关理论基础 　　吸收哲学流派中各种有价值的思想可以为我们进行更有意义的数学归纳思想教学提供指导意义。2.2.1 教育心理学理论依据 　　1. 布鲁纳的认知理论:发现学习理论 　　20 世纪 60 年代，布鲁纳首次提出了教育中的迁移问题，受到了普遍关注。他提倡“发现学习”，这种学习形式能够很好地激发学生潜能，对培养学生的发现力和创造力有促进作用。他认为学习中有一个普遍现象是学习可以迁移，如果学生的观念在认知结构中处于较高的抽象概括水平，则比较有利于学生学习19。美国著名心理学家贾德也进行过迁移实验，结果表明：掌握一般的原理有利于学习的迁移，而数学中的一般原理即为数学思想方法。由这一理论我们可以看出：数学归纳的过程其实就是一个发现学习的过程，引导学生自觉运用数学归纳思想对于实现学习迁移也是非常有利的，可以快速地提高数学思维能力。同时，在教学时注重知识类比有助于提高学生的归纳能力。 　　........ 　　第三章 数学归纳思想教与学的现状调查.......................14 　　3.1 数学归纳思想教学的现状以及教师的困惑.............................14 　　3.2 学生在数学归纳思想内容学习中的掌握情况..............................16 　　第四章 中小学教材中的数学归纳思想的整理与分析..............................21 　　4.1 小学教材中的数学归纳思想的渗透点................................22 　　4.2 初中教材中的数学归纳思想的渗透点........................27 　　4.3 高中教材中的数学归纳思想的渗透点.....................31 　　4.4 小学初中高中数学归纳思想课程设置的比较分析...................36 　　第五章 新课程背景下数学归纳思想的教学探索 　　5.1 数学归纳思想教学的基本原则 　　美国著名心理学家布鲁纳在学科基本理论中强调：“懂得基本原理和应遵循的原则会使学科更容易理解”，“领会基本原理可以缩小‘初级"知识和‘高级"知识之间的差距。”因此，我们在数学归纳思想教学中应该遵循以下几个基本原则。 　　(1) 启发性原则 　　该原则旨在强调学生在学习过程中的主体性，教师的作用是启发引导学生，调动他们的学习积极性。这就要求教师在进行数学归纳思想的教学时，必须要充分地考虑到学生已有的知识经验，在学生的“最近发展区”内精心创设问题情境，激发学生学习的好奇心，引导学生学会质疑问题，自发地观察、思考，数学论文范文并能自觉地抽象概括归纳出知识的本质属性。同时，教师在教学中把握恰当的引导时机也是很关键的，大教育家孔子有句名言：“不愤不启，不悱不发”。意思就是要当学生经过思考但又想不通时才去启发他，即在启发前一定要给学生一个思考的过程，先让学生进行积极思考，然后再适时启发。 　　...... 　　第六章 研究结论与建议 　　6.1 对课程设置的研究结论与建议 　　笔者通过对各年级数学教材细致地分析之后，总结起来主要有这样的问题：即在编写的归纳思想课程内容的教科书中，并没有给教师一个明确的指示，内容不够明朗。同时，在可渗透数学归纳思维教学内容的安排上缺乏系统性，总体比较散乱。课程标准也只是宏观地要求教师要重视培养学生的归纳思维能力，没有一个评价的标准。因此，针对这些问题，笔者给出如下几点建议： 　　第一，在各年级教材中都应该单独设置一小章节介绍归纳推理内容，将其渗透到各个章节知识点中，这样才能细分为具体的目标来实现。笔者认为，在人教版七年级上册教材中的《整式》后面配置了关于归纳思想的习题是比较合理的，这种做法应该效仿。因为学生刚学习了整式，数学论文格式即学会了用字母来代替一般的数，让学生开始从具体思维慢慢地过渡到抽象思维，这对于完成归纳过程是很关键的。这样设置刚好可以为完成归纳思维的习题提供基础，而通过做这样的习题又可以巩固整式的学习。 　　第二，为了提高学生对归纳思想重要性的认识，教材中的阅读材料可多设置一些有关著名猜想的故事，同时可以激发学生探索热情。比如，五年级学习质数时，可在内容后面添加阅读链接——世界三大猜想之一哥德巴赫猜想。四色猜想也是一个比较有趣的猜想，让学生了解一下对提高他们学习的兴趣是有益处的。第三，因为各年级学生思维的发展具有顺序性和层次性，因此，从小学到初中再到高中，归纳思想课程内容的设置应该是连贯的并且是层层递进的，应遵循由浅入深，由低级向高级发展的原则，需注意不同层次学生的不同需求。 　　....... 　　参考文献（略）

机油压力传感器是一种用于检测发动机机油压力的传感器。它通常安装在发动机上，通过测量机油压力来确保发动机的正常运行。机油压力传感器可以向发动机控制模块发送信号，以便及时检测发动机机油压力是否正常，以免因机油压力过低或过高而导致损坏或故障。机油压力传感器通常采用压电传感器、电容式传感器、电阻式传感器等不同的传感器类型，以满足不同车型和发动机的不同需求。