英语翻译题目孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家

Confucius专业英语名词。

1、知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 He who knows is not as good as he who knows, nor as happy as he who knows. 2、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 3、人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ Is it not a gentleman who does not know and is stunned? 4、君子以文会友，以友辅仁。 Gentlemen make friends by means of literature and help others by means of friends. 5、逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 Dead people like this, day and night. 6、关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 Guan Sui is happy but not lustful, sad but not sad. 7、三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize divisions, but no man can seize aspirations. 8、三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. 9、温故而知新，可以为师矣。 He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher. 10、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 11、过而不改，是谓过矣。 It"s too late to change. 12、学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it true to learn from time to time? 13、默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 What is it for me to know, to learn and not to tire of teaching tirelessly? 14、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 15、父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。 The father is there, watching his ambition. Father did not, watch his deeds. It can be said that filial piety has not changed from father"s way in three years. 16、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 17、我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 I am not born to know. I am old and eager for it. 18、唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。 Only women and villains are difficult to support. Near is Sun, far is resentment. 19、己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do what you don"t want to do to others.

孔子的名言 英语 　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

有教无类。In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.当仁，不让于师。When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher.学而时习之，不亦说乎？Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application?温故而知新，可以为师矣。If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous.敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me?我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

网上有现成的, 请参考.When Socrates Meets Confucius　　　As is known to all, there were two sages around the same time who were comparable to each other. One was Confucius, in China, and the other was the ancient Greek thinker, Socrates, whom, up to now, are still praised by the whole world. They both had philosophies that stood out among human beings and both had great influence on us and continue to have that influence. They are not only great philosophers, but also maestros in many fields, especially the area of education.　　　Though they lived in almost the same time, they were from two completely separate parts of the world. But still, as the saying goes, great minds think alike. These two maestros had a lot in common when it comes to education. Does it ever occur to you what kind of sparks would have been created if they had met each other? 　　　In the respect of teaching subjects, they were both well aware that there was no such thing as a distinction between classes or races of people, which made civilization and education universal to a great extent. I dare say they would have fully supported each other in this point of view. 　　　And they would be of one mind when it comes to the function of education. Both of them attach great importance to acquired education and consider the purpose of education to be a form of nurture for people to gain political integrity and professional competence.　　　In regards to their teaching methods, these two mentors both paid attention to developing the students" thinking ability through inspirational teaching ways, called heuristic teaching, or elicitation method. They saw eye to eye in this viewpoint, a viewpoint that has an enormous impact on modern education. 　　　Because of the differences between their two political systems and social environments, they also disagreed with each other on many perspectives, but, regardless, I think these two maestros would work it out. 　　　Thank you for taking your time.

一般认为古英语出现在公元450年左右，而孔子出生在公元前551年，当时还没有英语，所以孔子肯定是不会英语的。

Y吧的筒子们 帮忙！

One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

　　学而时习之，不亦说乎? 　　Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseveranceand application? 　　温故而知新，可以为师矣。 　　If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others. 　　学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 　　Learning without thought is labourlost; thought without learning is perilous. 　　敏而好学，不耻下问。 　　He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors. 　　十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。 　　In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning. 　　知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。 　　They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it. 　　默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。 　　The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied -- which one of these things belongs to me? 　　有教无类。 　　In teaching there should be no distinction of classes. 　　当仁，不让于师。 　　When it comes to benevolence, one need not give Pcedence even to his teacher. 　　我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。 　　I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge; I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there. 　　三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 　　When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. 　　学如不及，犹恐失之。 　　Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.

1、士志于道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。 Scholars aspire to Tao, but those who disgrace evil clothes and food are not enough to discuss. 2、见善无不及，见不善如探汤。 Seeing good is better than seeing bad. 3、君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！ If a gentleman wants to turn folklore into a custom, he must learn from it! 4、岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。 Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves. 5、其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。 If he is in a right position, he will not act accordingly; if he is in a wrong position, he will not obey. 6、君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。 A gentleman is respectful and tolerant, but kind and reserved. 7、夫达也者，质直而好义。察言而观色，虑以下人。 Fudaye, straight and righteous. Look at what you say and look at what you see. Consider the following people. 8、轻千乘之国，而重一言之信。 A thousand times lighter than a thousand, but one word more. 9、有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？见利思义，见危授命。 It is such a delight to have friends ing from afar? See profit, see danger and give orders. 10、君子耻其言而过其行。 A gentleman is ashamed of his words and deeds. 11、学而不厌，诲人不倦。 Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching. 12、士而怀居，不足为士矣！ It is not enough for a scholar to live in his home. 13、饭疏食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。 Eating sparsely, drinking water, bending the brachium and pillow, music is also in it. 14、君子矜而不争，群而不党。 A gentleman is reserved but not contentious, but a group is not a party. 15、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。 Unrighteousness, wealth and wealth are like clouds to me. 16、敏而好学，不耻下问。 Be sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask. 17、志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。 People with lofty ideals are benevolent. They do not seek survival to harm benevolence. They kill themselves to bee benevolent. 18、君子周而不比，小人比而不周。 A gentleman is more than a gentleman, but a villain is less than a gentleman. 19、可以托六尺之孤，可以寄百里之命，临大节而不可夺也。 You can support a six-foot solitary, you can send a hundred-mile order, facing the big festival and can not be seized. 20、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 The three armies can seize manders, but no man can seize aspirations. 21、君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 Gentlemen differ from each other, and villains differ from each other. 22、不患人之不己知，患不知人也。 No one knows, no one knows. 23、学如不及，犹恐失之。 If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it. 24、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is perilous. 25、君于疾没世而名不称焉。 You are not famous for your death. 26、性相近也，习相远也。 Sex is similar, habits are far. 27、有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。 There are four ways for a gentleman: he is respectful in his actions, respectful in his deeds, benefiting his people, and righteous in his actions. 28、质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。 Quality is better than literature, but history is better than literature. Gentleman, then gentleman. 29、始吾于人也，听其言而信其行。今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。 I start with people, listen to what they say and believe in what they do. Today, I am also in the person, listen to his words and watch his actions.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius(Chinese:孔夫子;pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ;Wade-Giles:K"ung-fu-tzu),lit."MasterKong,"[1](September28,551BC–479BC)wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher,whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese,Korean,Japanese,TaiwaneseandVietnamesethoughtandlife.Hisphilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines,suchasLegalism(法家)orTaoism(道家)duringtheHanDynasty[2][3][4](206BC–220AD).Confucius"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism(儒家).ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci,whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas"Confucius."HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius(论语),acollectionof"briefaphoristicfragments",whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius,[5][6]butfornearly2,000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassics[7][8]suchastheClassicofRites(editor),andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals(春秋)(author).

孔子名言英语翻译如下：1、性相近也，习相远也。By nature， men are nearly alike； by practice， they get to be wide apar.2、过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others.

孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗，问其故。一儿曰：“我以日始出时去人近，而日中时远也。”一儿以日初出远，而日中时近也。一儿曰：“日初出大如车盖，及日中则如盘盂，此不为远者小而近者大乎？”一儿曰：“日初出沧沧凉凉，及其日中如探汤，此不为近者热而远者凉乎？”孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰：“孰为汝多知乎？”KongziDongYu,seethetwochildrenfightingdebate,askedwhy.Onechildsaid:"WhenIgotoonedaybeforetheclose,whileJapanisalsothetimeaway."Achildtothebeginningofadayaway,whileJapan,withtheapproachalso.Onechildsaid:"thebeginningofthedayasbigascarcovers,andJapanislikeplatespoons,thisisnotnearlyasmuchbythosesmallandlargealmost?"Onechildsaid:"thebeginningoftheCangCangcoolday,andJapan,suchasExplorationofsoup,thisisnotnearlyfararethosehotandcoldDown?"Confuciuscannotmusthave.Twochildrenlaughedandsaid:"AseveryoneknowsalmostasmuchRu?"

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

Confuius"s given name is Qiu, also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu, China, 551 B.C., and died in 479 B.C.. Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence), its form of expression is Li(the Rites). Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn, Book of Odes, Book of History, Book of Rites, Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3,000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects), one of the Four Books. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death, his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2,500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology, strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites. Confucius said, "Let there be three men walking together: from the nmuber I should be sure to find my instructor." "To make accomplishment you must help others to be accomplished too." "Never be satiated with you knowledge and never be tired of teaching."... Today, these philosophical sayings are still shining brilliantly. In the long span of the Chinese history, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor have been righteously proud of the existence of the outstanding Confucius.

您好：One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.希望对您的学习有帮助【满意请采纳】O(∩_∩)O谢谢欢迎追问O(∩_∩)O~祝学习进步~

According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

1 very broad prospects of development2.孔子（前551-前479）是春秋时期鲁国人,名丘,字仲尼2 Confucius (551- 479 BC) is the spring and Autumn period luguoren,mounds,styled Zhong Ni

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

【原文】　　子曰：“不愤不咎，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”　　【译文】　　孔子说：“不到他努力想弄明白而不得的程度不要去开导他；不到他心里明白却不能完善表达出来的程度不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就不要再反复地给他举例了。”　　翻译：　　KongZisaidthat,"Diligentlydoesnotwanttoravelbutdoesnothavethedegreetohimnottohavetoenlightenhim;Tohisheartindidnotunderstandactuallycannotconsummatethedegreewhichexpressesnottohavetoinspirehim.Ifhecannotextrapolate,didnotmustagainrepeatedlygiveanexampletohim."

孔子的生平 One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human"s behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it"s about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K"ung Ch"iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.

这个是我在网上找到得，希望对你有帮助。Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K"ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kong,"[1] (September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius." His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

热心网友 最快回答According to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 BC, in the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city of Qufu, in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of Shandong Province).He was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwanese and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius" thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(1) 　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and thefounder of Confucian School in ancient China. It"ssaid he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom areexcellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visitvarious states for 14 years. During 5,000 years" history of China, it"s Confucius who has exertedthe greatest impact on Chinese nation"s characteristic and temperament. He is upright,optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, andseeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have beeninfluencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(2) 　　孔子是春秋时期鲁国伟大的思想家和教育家，是儒家学派的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”。根据其学说发展起来的儒家思想是中国历史上影响最大的思想流派，被汉代及以后的历代封建统治者所推崇利用，成为影响整个封建社会的意识形态。孔子的言论和生平活动被其弟子收录在《论语》中。在21世纪，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a great thinker and educator of the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a founde of Confucianism and respectfully referred to as an ancient Sage. Confucianism, developed from the teachings of Confucius, is the most influencial school of thought in Chinese history. It was held in high esteem and used by the feudal rulers since the Han Dynasty, becoming the ideology influencing the whole feudal sociey. The words and life story of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in The Analects of Confucius. In the 21st century, Confucius" doctrine not only receives attention of the Chinese, but also increasingly gains ground in the international community. 2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔子(3) 　　孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。 　　 参考译文 　　Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You lan, one of the great 20th century authorities in the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

Confucius was a great thinker and educator of ancient China, founder of Confucian school, one of the world"s most famous cultural celebrities孔子是我国古代伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创始人，世界最著名的文化名人之一Shakespeare is very good, until now we still liked his work莎士比亚的作品很好,直到现在我们还喜欢他的作品Mark Twain was an American writer, his novel is very good-looking马克吐温是一位美国作家,他的小说很好看

译文：孔子说：我死之后，子夏会比以前更有进步，而子贡会比以前有所退步“曾子问：为什么呢？”孔子说：子夏喜爱同比自已贤明的人在一起，（所以他的道德修养将日有提高）；子贡喜欢同才质比不上自已的人相处，（因此他的道德修养将日见丧失）。不了解孩子如何，看看孩子的父亲就知道（孩子将来的情况）了，不了解本人，看他周围的朋友就可以了，不了解主子，看他派遣的使者就可以了，不了解本地的情况看本地的草木 就可以了。所以常和品行高尚的人在一起，就像沐浴在种植芝兰散满香气的屋子里一样，时间长了便闻不到香味，但本身已经充满香气了；和品行低劣的人在一起，就像到了卖鲍鱼的地方，时间长了也闻不到臭了，也是融入到环境里了；藏丹的地方时间长了回变红，藏漆的地方时间长了回变黑，也是环境影响使然啊！所以说真正的君子必须谨慎的选择自己处身的环境。原文：孔子曰：“吾死之后，则商也日益，赐也日损。”曾子曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“商好与贤己者处，赐好说不若己者。不知其子，视其父；不知其人，视其友。不知其君，视其所使；不识其地，视其草木。故曰：“与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是以君子必慎其所与处者焉。”扩展资料《孔子家语》又名《孔氏家语》，或简称《家语》，是一部记录孔子及孔门弟子思想言行的著作。今传本《孔子家语》共十卷四十四篇，魏王肃注，书后附有王肃序和《后序》。《后序》实际上分为两部分，前半部分内容以孔安国语气所写，一般称之为《孔安国序》，后半部分内容为安国以后人所写，故称之为《后孔安国序》，其中收有孔安国的孙子孔衍关于《家语》的《奏言》。孔子（ 英语：Confucius , 公元前 551年 --- 公元前 479年 ），名：丘，字：仲尼，中国春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今中国山东曲阜市东南）人。中国春秋末期著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。孔子是中国文化中的核心学说儒家的首代宗师，集华夏上古文化之大成，删定《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》，在世时已被誉为“天纵之圣”、“天之木铎”。

Confusius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C. He is a man who had many wise ideas and thoughts about nature,the world and human behavior. He is a great teacher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in derrerent countries. For example,one of his famous sayings,Learn the new while reviewing the old,tell us the importance of reviewing what we have learned.公元前551，孔子出生在一个贫穷的家庭。他是一个对自然，世界和人类言行有着伟大思想的人。他是一个伟大的先师，他的言论对来自不同国家的人都产生了影响。例如，他有一句名言，“温故而知新”，告诉我们复习我们所学过的东西的重要性。

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孔子是不会英语的，所以没有英语老师。孔子(公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日)。孔子生活在距今约2500年前。而英格兰（英语区域）的概念最早在距今约1500年前才出现。就是说在孔子生活的年代后约1000年才有英语的概念，孔子不会穿越，让孔子讲英语，真是强人所难。

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 下载地址和全文，节选都可 解析: lsfyw/Article/Class89/Class97/200509/4035 上面网站不错，比较多 phorum.nst.pku.edu/showthread.php?threadid=662 这个也可以去看看下面的是一些摘录，来自网上资源 一）子曰：”学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？” The Master said,To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should e to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?To remain unsoured even though one"s merits are unrecognized by other, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? （二）子曰：”吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩．” The master ssaid, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered fromperplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I destred no longer overstepped the boundaries of right. （三）子曰：”贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在了；陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐．贤哉回也！” The master said,Inparable indeed was hui!A hardful of rice to eat,a gourdful of water to drink,living in a mean steer-others would have found it unendurably depressing.but to Hui"s cheerfulness it made no difference at all. Inparable indeed was Hui! 论语英文版CONFUCIAN ANALECTS <P>1 The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? "Is it not delightful to have friends ing from distant quarters? "Is he not a man of plete virtue, who feels no disposure though men may take no note of him?" The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal, are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none, who, not liking to offend against their superiors, have been fond of stirring up confusion. "The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent actions?" The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue." The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher." The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies." Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:-although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has. The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid. "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. "Have no friends not equal to yourself. "When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them." The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence." Tsze-ch"in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master es to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information? or is it given to him?" Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate, and plaisant and thus he gets his information. The master"s mode of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?" The Master said, "While a man"s father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial." The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things *** all and great we follow them. "Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done." The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters." The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of plete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the pany of men of principle that he may be rectified:- such a person may be said indeed to love to learn." Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety." Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, "As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish."-The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed." The Master said, "With one like Ts"ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence." The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men."</P> 『⒈1』子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不</P> 愠，不亦君子乎？”</P> 『⒈2』有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，</P> 未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”</P> 『⒈3』子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”</P> 『⒈4』曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身——为人谋而不忠乎？于朋友交而不信乎？传不</P> 习乎？”</P> 『⒈5』子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”</P> 『⒈6』子曰：“弟子，入则孝，出则弟，谨而信，凡爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，</P> 则以学文。”</P> 『⒈7』子夏曰：“贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；于朋友交，</P> 言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”</P> 『⒈8』子曰：“君子不重，则不威；学则不固。主忠信。无友不如己者。过，则</P> 勿惮改。”</P> 『⒈9』曾子曰：“慎终，追远，民德归厚矣。”</P> 『⒈10』子禽问于子贡曰：“夫子至于是邦也，必闻其政，求之与？抑与之与？</P> 子贡曰：“夫子温、良、恭、俭、让以得之。夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与</P> ？”</P> 『⒈11』子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣</P> 。”</P> 『⒈12』有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道，斯为美；小大由之。有所不行</P> ，知和而和，不以礼节之，亦不可行也。”</P> 『⒈13』有子曰：“信近于义，言可复也。恭近于礼，远耻辱也。因不失其亲，</P> 亦可宗也。”</P> 『⒈14』子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，</P> 可谓好学也已。”</P> 『⒈15』子贡曰：“贫而无谄，富而无骄，何如？”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐</P> ，富而好礼者也。”</P> 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋，如琢如磨"，其斯之谓与？”子曰：“赐也，</P> 始可与言诗已矣，告诸往而知来者。”</P> 『⒈16』子曰：“不患人之不己之，患不知人也。”</P> 其实网上关于这方面还是挺多的，这也只是一部分，如不能满足，可继续搜索 或者买一本外研社出版的论语英文版，也不贵，好像才10左右 good luck

形容孔子美好品质的英语词汇1.intelligent [u026an"telu026adu0292(u0259)nt] adj. 智能的；聪明的2.humality 仁义3.studious ["stjuu02d0du026au0259s] adj. 用功的

译文：孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人，其学说不仅影响了中国几千年的发展进程，还深刻地影响著每一个中国人的思想和行为模式，成为东方人品格和心理的理论基础，以孔子为代表创立的儒家文化博大精深，构成了中华民族传统文化的主流和基础，时至今日仍在社会生活中发挥着巨大的积极作用，他倡导仁爱，强调以礼乐制度支持的人际和谐,以和为贵，这也是现代社会构建和谐社会的思想。Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years" traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius" thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

【1】不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men"s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.【2】工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.【3】君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.【4】君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this.【5】道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.【6】性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.【7】过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.【8】己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.【9】言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.【10】有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?【11】人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?【12】逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!【13】人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.

confucius Confuius"s given name is Qiu also styled Zhongni. He was born in QuFu China 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C..Confucius founded confuciansism--the famous philosophical school in the history of China. The kernel of his thought is Ren(benevolence) its form of expression is Li(the Rites).Confucius travlled from one state to another preaching his doctrines until he was old. He spent his last years in compiling and editing. His works include Book of Spring and Autumn Book of Odes Book of History Book of Rites Book of Music and Book of change. These six books regarded as the classical works of Confucianism have been handed down to the present time. He founded the first private school in Chinese history. He was the teacher of 3000 disciples among whom 72 were Sages. His major sayings were written down in Lun Yu (The Analects) one of the Four Books.Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn period(770-476 B.C). In his last years he lived in relative poverty and no longer enjoyed great fame. But after his death his thought continued to influence the Chinese people for over 2500 years. His doctrine on morality and ethics has had a great effect on their ideology strenthening the unity of the nation and making it known to the world for its courteous dealing and solemn rites.

In the 24th year of Duke Xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang died.（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）In the eleventh year of the reign of Duke Zhao of Lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）Because of the hard life when hewas young, I could do some simple work.（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）Duke Jinng of Qi said he was too old to use it.（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）Confucius had to flee to the state of Lu.（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）In the third year of Ai gong of Lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）孔子思想：An important proposition of Confucius" thought of governing history is "straightness".（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "knowing for knowing.（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）谢谢！希望能帮助您!

中国古代的哲学家（思想家）

孔子老人家不会英语，也没有听说过英语，英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。

the Analects of Confuciusanalects n.选集; 语录Confucius 【源自[孔夫子]的拉丁文名】 <<名词>>孔子

英语介绍孔子时一般现在时态

孔夫子本人没有著作。《论语》是他弟子记录他的言行的，英语是theAnalects还有应该是Confucius"sworks~

1君子如欲化民成俗，其必由学乎！agentlemanifyouwouldliketochangeinfluencethepeopleandformmoralcustoms,thewilltolearnfrom!2学而不厌，诲人不倦。beinsatiableinlearningandtirelessinteaching.3工欲善其事,必先利其器。worktodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhisdevice.

　　教育肩负着培养整个民族创新精神、创新能力的重大使命，创新教育的提出和实施是时代对教育的殷切期望，也是教育改革的必然产物。下面是我为大家整理的初中数学教学优秀论文，供大家参考。 　　初中数学教学优秀论文范文一：初中数学概念教学策略 　　摘要：数学概念中的定义是数学科学知识体系的基础，是中学数学基础知识的核心。数学概念定义也是数学思维的细胞，是数学能力的根基之一。由此可见，要想掌握一门学科就要掌握这门学科核心的、根本的概念。因此，教师应对数学概念教学的方法及策略进行探究，以使学生能更好地学习数学。 　　关键词：初中数学;概念教学;方法及策略 　　数学概念的定义是数学知识体系的基础，是中学数学基础知识的核心;掌握一门学科就是要掌握这门学科核心的、根本的概念。从这个意义上来看，数学教学=概念教学+命题教学+解题教学。 　　一、数学概念的意义、组成、特征 　　1.意义：数学概念一般指客观世界数量关系和空间形式方面的本质属性在人脑中的反映。数学概念是数学知识体系的基础，同时，又是数学思维的细胞，也是知识与方法的载体。2.概念的组成：概念的名称、定义、符号、例子和属性等五个方面。例如，“平行线”是概念的名称“;在同一平面内，不相交的两条直线”是概念的定义;“∥”是符号;不同位置和方向上的各组平行线可以看作正例及其变式“;两条没有公共点的直线叫做平行线”可以看做是一个反例;“平行线”的属性有：传递性、同位角相等、内错角相等、同旁内角互补等。3.概念的特征：概括性和抽象性。 　　二、数学概念教学的现状 　　现状1：重结果，轻过程。“一个定义，几项注意”。一步到位、举例训练、反复练习、迎接考试，急功近利。“概念教学=解题教学”式大容量训练;经典语言“：教概念不如多讲几道题目。”观念2：例题教学替代概念的概括过程，认为应用概念就是理解概念，不知道怎样教概念，只知道“模仿+训练”。 　　三.数学概念教学的方法 　　(一)概念形成模式的教学过程 　　概念形成———如果某类数学对象的关键属性主要是由学生对大量同类数学对象的不同例证进行分析、类比、猜想、联想、归纳等活动基础上，独立概括出来的，那么这种概念获得的方式就叫做概念形成。概念形成的心理过程依次是：1.感知、辨别不同事例;2.从一类相同事例中抽象出共性;3.将这种共性与记忆中的观念相联系：4.同已知的其他概念分化;5.将本质属性一般化;6.下定义。 　　(二)概念形成模式教学一般步骤 　　1.概念背景与引入(正例);2.学生分析、比较、综合不同典型例证(让学生多举例);3.从例证中概括共同本质特征得到概念本质属性;4.下定义(用多种数学语言准确表示);5.概念的辨析(举正反例，分析关键词，考查特例);6.概念的应用(代表性、形成用概念作判断的操作步骤);7.形成概念系统(建立概念体系，完善认知结构)。 　　(三)概念同化模式的教学过程 　　1.概念的同化———新的数学概念在已有概念的基础上添加其他新的特征性质而形成，这时学生利用自己认知结构中已有的相关知识对新概念进行加工、改造，从而理解新概念的意义，这种获得概念的方式就叫做概念的同化。2.类型：新概念与旧概念之间具有下位关系和不具有下位关系两种情况。(1)新概念与旧概念之间不具有下位关系用定义直接陈述概念———举例说明或解释———认识新概念的意义———领会新概念的本质属性。(2)新概念与旧概念之间具有下位关系概念教学一般流程：①呈现先行组织者;②下定义(属+种差);③概念的辨析(举正、反例，分析关键词，考查特例);④概念的应用(代表性、形成用概念作判断的操作步骤);⑤形成概念系统(建立概念体系，完善认知结构)。 　　四、概念教学的策略 　　策略1：实施“组块化”教学所谓组块是指在记忆中把若干较小的单位组合成熟悉的较大单位的信息加工过程。案例：在求一元二次不等式ax2+bx+c>0的解集时，通常首先要分a>0和a<0两种情况分别讨论，然后再对判别式△=b2-4ac分△>0、△=0、△<0三种情况进行讨论，前后一共有六种情况。策略2：整体感悟，主动建构知识与方法奥苏贝尔的有意义学习理论。学习原则：“渐进分化”和“综合贯通”。 　　(一)“从整体背景到局部知识”的结构教学 　　案例：函数的概念教学活动1：初步感受生活中两个变量的关系1.一个变化过程;2.两个变量;3.一种对应，即一个量随另一个量的变化而变化。 　　(二)从思维策略到具体方法的结构教学 　　章建跃认为数学教学要把“认识数学对象的基本套路”作为核心目标之一，即通过学习，让学生掌握研究、解决这一类问题的基本思维路径和基本操作方法。 　　(三)从上位概念到下位概念的结构教学 　　新的概念从属于学生数学认知结构中已有的、包容范围较广的知识时，则构成下位关系，原有的概念叫做上位概念，新的概念叫做下位概念。策略3：系统梳理，揭示知识的联系与规律从系统的角度学习知识，置知识于系统中，着眼于知识之间的联系和规律，从而深入本质,因为联系和规律就是本质，着眼于数学思想的渗透。教师可从三方面概括概念体系：1.建立概念网络，概念图或思维导图;2.明示概念之间的关系;3.揭示蕴含在这个概念体系中的数学思想方法。策略4：运用“长程两段式”教学策略“长程两段”教学策略，就是在整个单元的知识结构、特有的育人价值思考与开发的基础上，将每一个结构单元的教学过程分为“教学结构”和“运用结构”两大阶段。“教学结构”阶段。主要采用发现的方法，让学生从现实的问题出发，在问题解决的过程中发现和建构知识，充分地感悟和体验知识之间的内在关联的结构存在，逐步形成学习的方法结构。“运用结构”阶段。主要让学生运用学习的方法与步骤结构，主动学习和拓展掌握与结构类似的相关知识。 　　总之，中学数学概念定义的教学，要从实际出发，精心设计、认真对待;采取不同的方法，引导学生观察、分析、比较、抽象，揭示对象的本质属性，适时地引入新概念，为学习新的知识打下坚实的基础。 　　参考文献： 　　[1]徐燕.对初中数学函数教学方法和策略的探讨[J].数学学习与研究，2011(22). 　　[2]朱家芳.初中数学概念教学方法分析[J].中学时代，2012(8). 　　[3]李平.新课程背景下初中数学概念教学之策略[J].数学大世界：教师适用，2010(10). 　　[4]周华.浅谈初中数学概念的教学方法[J].中国科教创新导刊，2009(24). 　　初中数学教学优秀论文范文二：分层教学初中数学教学论文 　　摘要：　通过上文对初中数学分层教学方法的应用和心得的分析，可以得出分层教学是因材施教的直观体现。这种教学方法强调了学生和客观存在的差异性，将学生分成不同的层次进行教学，能够使学生整体水平得到提升。 　　关键词：分层教学;初中数学 　　一、初中数学应用分层教学的心得 　　小学生在小学时，学到的知识通常比较简单，所以不同学生的智力差异并没有得到体现，而进行初中以后，学生学习的课程明显变多，很多学生很难再短时间以内适应这种变化，一些基础学习较好的学生，学习成绩逐渐下滑。这种现场的主要原因是学生在学习任务增加之后，明显体现出了不同的个性差异，尤其是进入初二和初三之后，有着明显的两极分化，所以教师为了改善这种现象，应提早采用分层教学的方法，从根源处解决这种问题，让学生能够主动学习、有学习的兴趣，不让这种积极性被这种繁重的学习磨灭。教师应完成教学任务，提高所有学生的学习成绩，教师应根据自己教学班级的实际情况，进行分层教学。学生的个性需求时分层教学的主要出发点和立足点，教师应制定合理的教学目标，使用合理的教学方法，对教学内容进行划分。 　　课程内容的设计应符合学生的心理发展特点，教师应因材施教，更具有针对性。这种分层教学方法能够有效激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性，从根本上提升数学的课堂效率，提高教学质量。数学是一门逻辑严谨、科学性的学科，这种高度抽象性侧重了学生的能力培养。数学知识的结构严谨，所以在数学课堂教学中，学生有一定差异，教师应结合这种差异，并利用差异因材施教，并参考学生的个性特征和心理倾向，确保学生在每个层次都能拥有与之相配的目标。教师为不同学生制定了不同的要求，选用不同的教学的方法，使学生的学习积极性得到激发，让学生从被动的接受知识变为主动学习数学，从而使每个学生都能在原有的数学学习基础上有所提高。分层教学考虑了学生之间的差异，并满足了全体学生全面发展的需求，分层教学能够充分调动学生学习的主动性和积极性，培养学生良好的习惯。分层教学是以学生为主体，这种教育理念在很大程度上提高了学校的教学质量，提高学生学习数学的主动性和积极性，让学生的各方面素质得到加强，并有效改善了学生数学成绩两极分化的现象。分层教学能够形成良好的班风。分层教学不但能够激发学生对于数学学习的兴趣，还激发了学生对于不同学科的兴趣，所以分层教学是一种非常有效的方法，能够全面提升数学的教学质量。 　　二、结语 　　通过上文对初中数学分层教学方法的应用和心得的分析，可以得出分层教学是因材施教的直观体现。这种教学方法强调了学生和客观存在的差异性，将学生分成不同的层次进行教学，能够使学生整体水平得到提升。分层教学能够有效增加学生学习数学的兴趣，使学生学习数学的积极性和主动性得到提高，培养学生的数学思维能力和创新能力，分层数学方法的应用，能够提高初中数学教学质量。 　　参考文献 　　1、虚拟教研对中小学数学教师专业发展的影响与展望李海;中国教育信息化2008-02-23

WNV。GAMING队员wNv.44"alex　　真名:卞正伟 年龄: 24 生日: 1982-2-28 籍贯: 重庆 身高:180cm 体重:75kg　　游戏年龄:3年　　曾效力站队: deViL *|U Su.Z　　前Su.Z-U的代表性人物，wNv俱乐部支付了不低于50000的转会费，最终得到了这名心仪的选手。现wNv GM的队长。　　wNv.Jungle　　真名:杨克非，年龄: 19 生日:1987-4-18 籍贯: 四川省都江堰市 身高: 177cm 体重:60kg 　　游戏年龄:3年 　　曾效力站队:HS CYS Hunter 　　擅长枪械:AWP M4　　wNv.mikk　　真名:蒲江 年龄:24 生日: 1982-11-13 籍贯: 四川省南充市 身高: 178cm 体重:75kg 　　游戏年龄:4年 　　曾效力站队: Jipper 　　最擅长枪械: M4 AK　　wNv.sakulap 　　真名:吴润波 年龄:22 生日: 1984-10-5 籍贯:广东 身高:168cm 体重:48kg 　　游戏年龄:2年　　曾效力站队: nEw.Power 　　擅长枪械：M4A1 AK　　wNv.tK 　　真名:马性驹 年龄:23 生日:1983-6-17 身高:182cm 体重:60kg 籍贯: 四川省简阳市 　　游戏年龄: 3年　　曾效力站队: ncclan Star.eX 　　擅长枪械:M4A1 AK47.wNv.cn队员· wNv.Aqi wNv.cn分队队长，带领wNv.cn勇夺WCG2005全国总冠军。做为Alex的同门师弟，Aqi一直刻苦钻研，指挥及临场判断能力已不在Alex之下。对CS中的枪械特性了解比较全面，步枪和AWP水平都非常出色。 · wNv.sakula wNv.cn分队队员，中国AK王子。曾为wNv.gaming分队夺取世界冠军的主力突破手，AK能力国内无人能及。sakula的状态一直保持的非常稳定，只要让他拿起AK，他就是敌人最不愿意遇见的一个噩梦。 · wNv.bigun wNv.cn分队队员，wNv队内唯一的北京籍选手。敢打敢拼的突破手，是cn在运动战中撕开对手防线的有力武器，步枪技术非常出色。 · wNv.Savage wNv.cn分队队员，CPL一战成名，让这个刚满十八岁的小男孩一下子站在了中国CS的最尖端。无人能及的枪法甚至让成名以久的对手怀疑他是在langame中作弊。他的打法凶狠而犀利，他有一个与之匹配的ID：SAVAGE 。 · wNv.KING wNv.cn分队队员，队伍中身材最壮却身法最好的选手，AWP与步枪技术同样出色，是队伍的第一狙击手，当他手拿步枪的时候，一样可以让对手胆寒。

歌曲名:Stoney歌手:Lobo专辑:CalumetStoneysinger:Lobo redactor:TonyI"ve known her since we both were kids,I recall the silly things we didShe would want to ride up on my backTo keep from stepping on a crackI didn"t think of it back thenBut even when she did not winShe was happy just to playStoney likes to live out everydayStoney, happy all the timeStoney, live is summertimeThe joy you find in living everydayStoney, how I love your simple waysThe times when no one understoodSeems that stoney always wouldWe walk for hours in the sandShe would always try and hold my handNow I don"t recollect the timeI fell in love with this old friend of mineOr when I first saw in her eyesWhat she tried so not to hidehttp://music.baidu.com/song/8409555

有关中学数学教学的论文范文 　　在日常学习、工作生活中，大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的文章。你知道论文怎样才能写的好吗？以下是我整理的关于中学数学教学的论文范文，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 　　中学数学教学的论文 篇1 　　中学数学教学创新思维的培养有利于提高学生对知识的渴求意愿和自主思维、动手能力。在教学中应针对存在的问题，建立系统化的理论形成过程，改进传统教学手段，注重理论与实践双管齐下，全面培养学生的创新思维。 　　一、中学数学教学中创新思维培养意义。 　　1、提高自主思维能力。 　　在中学数学教学课堂上，通过对于学生创新思维的培养，能够让学生形成一个良好的自主思维的能力。具有一定的创新思维能够让学生对于知识的见解可以拥有很多不同的角度，他们能够通过创新的思维来形成自己的看法，而不是一味的被教师和旁人的思想所左右。 　　2、提高学生动手能力。 　　创新思维的存在，还能够提高学生的动手能力。在创新思维的指导下，学生对于知识的兴趣会不仅仅停留在理论的学习上。通过知识的积累，他们能够在脑海中形成一定的对于知识如何呈现在现实生活中做出一定的假想，然后在可以实现的条件之下，通过自己动手来进行验证。 　　3、提高对知识的渴求意愿。 　　虽然创新思维在很大程度上能够带来实践层面上的行为，也就是创新思维的开发和培养，能够提升学生的动手能力和自主思维方式，但是这些转变最终还是会回归到理论本身上来。也就是说，当创新思维发展到一定的阶段时，学生对于创新意识的运用已经不仅仅能够对于如何去使用理论知识起到帮助，还能够将这种实践中的结论和猜想反馈到理论上来，当他们发现有些问题已经达到了自己能够解答的上限的时候，就会回到理论中去寻求支撑，从而进一步的提高他们对于知识的渴求意愿。 　　二、中学数学教学现状。 　　1、传统教学模式占据主流。 　　在目前中学数学教学中，教师和学生之间的教学关系主要还是沿用了以往的传统的教学模式，也就是教师在讲堂上把考试中的数学知识要点进行讲解，学生在大多数情况下，只是一个被动的接受者，在这样的情况下，学生学习的兴趣难以被调动起来，另外由于中学学生要应付考试繁重的课业，因此在这样的情况下，学生的学习兴趣很难被调动起来，从而变成了一个简单的知识的储备工具，长此以往，造成了学生在数学创新思维上的匮乏。 　　2、数学教学对创新思维的压制。 　　前文所述，在现有的中学数学教学中，因为传统模式是主要的教学模式，因此学生的学习兴趣不大，再加上中学数学教学的主要目的在于培养他们面对试题的解答能力，因此教师在进行教学的时候，会更加注重对教学难点和教学重点进行讲解，所以就导致了在课堂上，教师所传授的知识主要是出于应试教育的目的。 　　三、中学数学教学的创新思维培养不足之处。 　　1、忽略学生的猜想乐趣。 　　中国的教学模式基本上都是在教学中将已经有结论的理论拿出来，让学生记住，然后再教他们如何在解题的时候去运用。这一点相信很多人都深有体会。比如说在讲到长方体的体积应该如何计算的时候，相信有很多老师是直接让学生记住公式，然后在做题目的时候，将这个公式直接套用进去。这样确实能够为学生的考试分数提供优势，但是同时也剥夺了学生对于知识的猜想乐趣，而且这样填鸭式的教学也让学生没有了创新的余地。 　　2、传统教学手段稍显死板。 　　现在中学教育对于教学手段的运用，还是较为死板的。这其中有一部分原因是因为应试教育的存在，还有一部分原因是因为很多教师在教学的过程中，除了自己所必须要讲解的知识之外，也不愿意再多花时间在教学手段的研究上。但是其实数学这门学科在实际生活的运用中是十分广泛的，也就是说数学这门学科在进行教学的时候，其实是可以和现实生活紧密相关的。这样一个本应该是生动活泼的学科，因为教学手段的死板，扼杀了很多学生的创新思维的形成。在这种死板的教学手段之下，形成的也是死板的学习思维。 　　3、动笔多于动手。 　　中国应试教育的存在，能够为学生提供一条相比于社会更加公平公正的竞争渠道，因此也造成了很多家长对于中学教育的重视，导致学校也主要是以培养学生的解题能力作为主要目标，而忽视了对于学生动手能力的培养。可以说，在中国数学教学中，动手的时间不会超过整个教学过程的五分之一。在这样的情况下，学生的动手能力被弱化，学生的学习兴趣也不会得到强化。 　　四、中学数学教学的创新思维培养对策。 　　1、建立系统化的理论形成过程。 　　针对现在很多中学数学教学课堂中出现的，在进行某一个知识点的讲解的时候，可以先不要一下子将理论结果直接说出来，而是可以通过给学生设定一个情景，让他们在这个情景中去解开具体的某一个问题的方式，来让他们自己慢慢的摸索。通过教师在一旁的指导，能够及时对学生对于理论的发现与探讨的过程进行正确的指引，而且也培养了他们自主思维的形成，另外还让他们体验了自己发现一个知识过程的乐趣所在。 　　2、改进传统教学手段。 　　改进传统教学手段主要可以通过教学信息化技术的使用来实现。其主要运用的手段可以在课堂导学、课堂讨论以及课堂讲授中进行。 　　在课堂导学中，可以通过播放与课堂内容相关的相应的影音图像的方式，让学生能够对于课堂要教授的内容产生兴趣，让学生对于知识点产生深究下去的欲望。譬如在讲到有关于立体几何形的知识的时候，可以通过播放影片的方式让学生对于立体几何形的空间关系有一个直观的感受。另外还可以通过让他们自己用做图软件进行立体图形绘制的方式，培养他们的空间感，从而加强他们创新思维的培养。 　　在课堂讨论的环节能够激发学生创造力的实现，并且能够让学生积极主动的参与到课堂教学的过程中来。但是在传统的教学中，这个环节通常都是教学上的短板。在信息化教学方式中，对于这个问题也可以使其得到妥善解决。最为主要的一个方式就是，可以通过播放一个影片，让学生来进行分组讨论，通过小组展开探讨的方式来创造一个浓厚的学习氛围。 　　在课堂教学中，教师也应该改变自己的教学思维。首先，教师在课堂上讲授知识的时候，可以将一些知识点的介绍与现实生活结合起来。譬如在讲解有关路程、时间与速度的题目的时候，可以先让学生说出一次他们经历的旅行，在旅行的过程中他们所选择的班车，然后设定一定的情景，让学生算出自己讲在何时到达何地。这种和现实生活相互结合的教学方式能够做到教学与娱乐相结合，激发学生学习兴趣，促进学生对于知识点的实际运用能力。 　　其次，在课堂讲授中，教师要注重信息化教学手段只是促进学生学习的一个工具，而并不能取代教师与学生的课堂主体作用。因此，在课堂教授的过程中，教师可以利用信息化的教学手段来进行知识点的讲解，但是更为重要的是，要让学生知道，在信息发达的时代里，可以如何利用信息化手段来进行资料的查找、收集与使用的方式，让学生在学习到知识点的同时，还能够学会如何合理的利用信息化手段实现自己的学习目的。 　　3、理论与实践双管齐下。 　　创新思维的培养，是需要一定的实践能力作为辅助的，在动手的过程中，学生会自己发现问题并且尝试解决问题，因此要改变现在教学模式中因为动手实践互动不足而导致的创新思维不足的现象，就需要在教学中，尽可能多的让学生在实践中，通过自己的行动去进行数学知识的学习。主要的方法可以通过号召学生展开数学趣味竞赛、提出与现实生活息息相关的问题的方式让学生去进行解决，培养学生的动手能力，从而起到配套他们创新思维的目的。 　　中学数学教学的论文 篇2 　　【摘要】 要在中学数学教学中培养学生的思维能力，“提问”是一种行之有效的方法。提问时需要做到：有效性、针对性、启发性、注意方法、多倾听、适当的激励和表扬。我们注意探索提问的技巧，用提问来启发学生的思维，帮助学生找到打开知识宝库的大门，就可以做一名富有效率的受人爱戴的教师，引导学生一步步走向成功。 　　【关键词】 数学；教学；提问；技巧 　　数学是一门特别需要思考和分析能力的科学。思考和分析能力，我们又只能在数学教学去努力培养。在培养思维能力方面，提问在教学中已是一种必不可少的工具和技巧，尤其是在当今的中学数学教学中，显得非常重要。所谓“提问”式教学，就是教师根据学生所学知识，围绕一定范围的教学内容，结合自己所了解到的情况对学生提问，再由学生回答。其主要目的是启发学生思考问题，发挥学生的主观能动性，通过学生自己的分析与讨论，找出解决问题的正确办法的一种教学方法。那么，在中学数学教学中，“提问”需要注意哪些问题呢？下面，谈谈笔者的肤浅看法。 　　1．有效性原则 　　最初的有效教学，就是“如何有效地讲授”。老师首先是“讲师”，是“教书先生”，是文化知识的“传递”者。为了能够把知识讲清楚，于是就有“教学重点”、“教学难点”等系列说法。当教师把关注的焦点定位在“如何有效地讲授”的时候，“接受学习”就成为普遍的学习方式。学生的使命是“上课认真听讲”、“积极地接收知识”。课堂教学中大量流行的话语往往是老师一系列焦急的询问：“听清楚了吗？”、“听懂了吗？”，好像学习倒成了一种欣赏和练习“听”的艺术。有效地提问就意味着教师所提出的问题能够引起学生的回应或回答，且这种回应或回答让学生更积极地参与学习过程，以达到提问的目的，体现提问的有效性。 　　2．针对性原则 　　提问是有它的目的性和针对性，否则，就会大大地降低你的课堂效率，所以，我们提问前要弄清楚：提这个问题要达到什么样的目的，能起到什么样的效果，有多少学生能够回答，可能得到解决些什么样的答案，错误原因何在，如何纠错，与该问题相关的知识或方法有哪些，等等；因此，我们绝不能为了提问而提问，盲目地提问；而要有目的，有针对性地提问。 　　3．启发性原则 　　教师根据教学内容提出问题，并且对提出的问题可能需要有所暗示，以启发学生思考。如果学生的回答不正确，教师也不要急于纠正，而是针对学生的错误认识提出补充问题，再次启发学生，使学生意识到自己的错误所在，并尽可能自觉地加以纠正，教师所提的问题一定要让学生有思考，对学生有所启发。 　　4．提问要注意方法 　　学生的智慧潜能如宝藏一样，需要开采、需要激发，“知识就是力量，方法就是智慧。”美国哈佛儿童教育学家尼普斯坦说：孩子的表现达不到老师的要求时，老师觉得孩子教不会，其实这是因为老师还没有找到正确的方法去激活孩子的智慧和潜能，只要用对方法，即使最顽劣的孩子，也是可以教好的。 　　要想激发学生在课堂上的学习热情，有一定的学习方式和技巧。例如，我们在上《特殊的平行四边形》这一课时，就可以这样提问：假如平行四边形的一组邻边互相垂直，四边形的形状可能发生什么改变？若改为“邻边相等”呢？除了边的改变，还可以怎样改变条件（比如角、对角线等），使一般的平行四边形变成特殊的平行四边形；可以有些什么样的具体改变？把这些条件组合起来，形成的特殊平行四边形会有什么特征？比较各种特殊四边形的异同点。这样的有效提问，发散了学生思维空间，摆脱单一的对话式问答。 　　5．提问后要学会倾听 　　在中学数学教学中的提问，问题一般会保持一定的开放性。当教师的提问缺乏基本的开放性时，教师的提问不仅不能给教学带来生机，反而对课堂教学带来“满堂问”的干扰。如果用过于琐碎的无意义的问题牵着学生鼻子走，用只有唯一答案的问题领着学生朝同一方向迈进，学生就会丢失自己，迷失自己的方向——大人们为我设计的道路，总是让我迷路。退一步说，毕竟学生的许多想法和点子都是有道理的呀，你不仔细倾听，怎么能了解学生呢？。学生一旦主动学习，教师的责任就由讲授、提问转换为倾听。倾听是一种对话，好的对话者总善于倾听。教师在提问之后，给学生留出足够的等待的时间，为学生的回答提供及时的反馈。善于倾听的教师总是能够将学生的声音转化为有效教学资源。 　　6．适当的激励和表扬 　　教师不只是教授知识，更要传播人生的信念。当学生回答教师的问题后，无论其答案正确与否，都应适当地给与学生适当的鼓励或表扬，哪怕他的答案一无是处。只有这样，你以后的提问，才会得到积极响应，你在课堂上才能最大限度地调动学生的主观能动性，并让学生对教师产生充分的信任感。 　　7．做一名富有效率的教师 　　人类文化传播方式的改变尤其是书本和网络资源的出现，使学习者由原来的“听讲学习”转向“阅读学习”和“发现学习”成为可能。但这种转向的程度是有限的，教师仍然在充当“供给者”、“提供者”的角色；学生仍然只是“接受者”、“承受者”的角色。只有当教师由原来的“供给者”转向“激励者”“导向者”时，学生才有可能真正地亲自去发现学习，成为数学学习的“发现者”和“建构者”。为了使我们的授课更加富有效率，我们在课后还得有反思。也就是还得多对自己提问：这堂课的得失在哪里？下一次我会怎样改进？ 　　总之，虽然教学无定法，但也有一定的规律可遁，提问没有现成的办法，但也得注意一些基本技巧。愿我们在中学数学教学中继承先辈们的宝贵遗产的同时，努力探索，多多实践，注意提问技巧，提高课堂效率，振兴国家的教育事业，为中华民族的繁荣富强贡献自己的力量。 　　中学数学教学的论文 篇3 　　作为一名中学数学教师，我在此结合当前中学数学学科的课改精神和自身的教学实际，从新课程理念的角度谈谈自己对新课程理念的理解、对新教材的挖掘，以及在此基础上展开的教学方法的改革与创新。 　　一、针对问题精心创设情境 　　能否设计一个好情境是教师在课堂教学中激发学生求知欲的首要问题。教材中提供的情境往往只具有一般性，还要求教师能够在新课程理念的引领下，根据本地情况和学生实际来精心设计一些让学生感受到浓厚兴趣的问题，让学生体会到数学并不是枯燥无味的数字和符号的堆积，而是与我们的生产生活密切相关的。从中体会到数学的价值，培养学生用数学的眼光看世界，用数学知识解决生活中的问题的能力。注意体现把教学活动建立在学生的认知发展水平和已有知识经验基础之上的精神。 　　例如，在华东师大版《数学》八年级（下）第20章的扇形统计图教学中，我考虑到学生在小学高年级阶段就已有了对扇形统计图有初步的了解，除了课前安排学生收集报刊杂志中的扇形统计图之外，还请学生以四人一组为单位，请他们对班级中来自不同区域的学生数量情况进行调查登记，通过课前预习，自己先试着绘制一张扇形统计图，并分别涂上自己喜欢的颜色。由于课程从学生熟悉的生活内容入手，每个学生对上课的内容都产生了很大的兴趣，课堂气氛活跃，教学效果有了明显的提高。在此研究型的学习过程中，学生带着感兴趣的问题去探索发现，通过收集数据，分析处理，师生交流，生生交流，独立思考，归纳总结，学会运用数学知识分析并解决实际问题。学生在发表见解、各抒己见、和谐民主、生动活泼的学习气氛中，能充分地融入课堂学习，提高数学能力和学习效率。有的学生在研究问题的过程中，还提出了扇形统计图反映数据情况的优缺点，在教材知识的基础上更上了一层楼。这种在充满探索的过程中学习数学，让数学知识和数学体验上升到了一个新的层次，让他们感受到运用知识解决问题的乐趣，增强学习积极性，形成应用意识，创新意识，达到开发潜力，提高能力的目的。 　　二、作业设置多样化，正确评价学生 　　新课程则要求作业既要有巩固和检查功能，也要有深化和提高功能，还要有体验和发展功能。所以我们布置作业时，内容上宜注意突出开放性和探究性，形式上要体现新颖性和多样性，容量上要考虑量力性和差异性。作业形式可以有解答题、探究题、想一想、动手做一做等。开展同学间作业相互纠错。注意作业评判的过程性和激励性，作业批改不能只是简单的一勾一叉和打个分数，而要重视学生在解题时的思维过程。同时要以学生的发展为出发点，尽量使用一些鼓励性的评语，既指出不足，又要保护学生的自尊心和进一步学习的积极性。 　　例如在结束了扇形统计图知识的学习后，我布置学生自定主题，设计一个扇形统计图，并涂上彩色作为作业上交。学生们确定的主题很多，设计出的扇形统计图也美丽自然。比如调查学校或班级同学姓氏、同学年龄、出生月份或生肖星座、男女生比例、喜欢的电影或歌曲类型、喜欢的明星类型、喜欢的科目或书籍类型、喜欢的颜色、喜欢的饮料或水果、近视情况、家庭人口数量、长短发、爱好的体育活动或球类、团员和非团员比例、拥有QQ号和上网时间、上学使用的交通工具、课余时间的安排，林林总总，让人目不暇接。三、多关注和赞赏学生，使学生健康成长 　　使学生身心处于最佳状态，建立和谐的师生关系是教学相长的前提。从讲台上走下来，到同学们中间，从权威者的角色转变为组织者引导者的角色，不但做学生的良师，也做他们的益友。只有当学生从心理上认同这位老师了，他们学起这个科目来自然就会有更大的信心和兴趣。 　　尊重每一位学生，努力挖掘他们的闪光点。尤其不能歧视那些学习上有困难的"学生。鼓励他们只要讲究学习方法，坚持不懈地付出努力，大家都能成才。须知，由于每个人的先天和后天的成长条件不尽相同，自然会造成能力上的差异，但这并不是他们将来能否成功的惟一决定因素。况且人的智力和能力发展有先后快慢之分，即使是那些大名鼎鼎的科学家小时候的学习成绩也未必是一流的。我们不经意的偏见和冷眼也许会让世界少了一个爱迪生。学生王某，初中刚入学时数学不及格，一直以来对这门学科带有极大的恐惧心理。我通过观察发现，该生实际上有学习潜力，主要是从小没有养成良好的学习习惯，以致成绩不理想，信心不足。于是平常注意对她多加鼓励，定期给她指导科学的学习方法，并结合其实际情况给她制定了阶段学习目标，加强基础知识的巩固，培养其学习兴趣。通过三年来的努力，该生的中考数学成绩已经跃居中上。由此可见，教师的鼓励支持是学生找回自信、勇于努力进取的最佳良方。 　　对那些爱动脑筋，有较强思维能力的学生可以通过组织兴趣小组等活动，积极引导，大力培养其兴趣爱好，鼓励他们发展自己的爱好特长，不断超越自我。 　　中学数学教学的论文 篇4 　　在小学数学教学中往往会存在一定比例学习困难的学生，并且随着年级的增高，知识难度的增加，这些学生所占比例也越来越大。能否有效地转化“学困生”，提高学困生的学习能力成为课堂教学成败的重要一环。因此，教师要转变角色，更多地站在中学数学教学困生的立场考虑问题，关心爱护每一位学困生，提高自身的教学艺术，运用多种教学方法和激励方式，激发学困生的学习兴趣，帮助他们树立学习的信心，提高学习能力。 　　在小学数学教学中，由于学生兴趣、学习习惯、学习基础等多方面的差异，导致部分学生学习兴趣低落，数学基础不扎实，学习浮躁，缺乏概括归纳、举一反三的能力，学习能力下降，我们把这样特征的学生简称为学困生。怎样才能使学困生的学习能力逐渐得到提升和发展呢?下面结合实际教学情况，我谈几点自己的心得体会。 　　一、教师要转变角色，树立全心全意为每一位学生服务的理念，尊重理解，关心爱护每一位学困生 　　(一)立德才能树人 　　数学教师不仅要授业、解惑，更要精于传道，必须转变教师一言堂，学生整节课侧耳倾听坐冷板凳的现状。教师要有意识地提问、倾听学困生的困惑，为什么思路出现了分歧?他们掌握知识重难点的薄弱环节出现在哪里?我采用哪种方法能够降低知识的梯度，使学困生容易理解接受呢? 　　(二)尊其师才能信其道，数学教师立德才能育人 　　教师只有课前心中装着学困生，课堂上眼中有了学困生，课后辅导环节中关照学困生，真诚地尊重、关心爱护每一位学困生的心理感受和尊严，学困生就能从潜移默化地授业的数学教师的一言一行中得到熏陶和感染，喜欢上数学教师，喜欢上数学课程。 　　二、提高教学艺术，树立教师人格魅力，激发学生的学习兴趣 　　(一)想方设法，千方百计地积极调动学困生的学习兴趣就显得非常重要 　　教师的语言是一门艺术，而数学教师恰如其分又精湛的语言也有助于提高学困生的学习兴趣。例如，新课数字叙述式的导入，复习课开门见山式的启发，练习课煽情期盼挑战式的语言，这些方式都有助于激发学困生跃跃欲试，体验成功快乐的数学学习兴趣。 　　(二)数学教师要重视研究教法，改进教法 　　传统粉笔加黑板的方法是难以打造高效数学课堂的，而应因地制宜地采用多媒体课件、幻灯片、电子白板等现代教育技术，不仅有助于提高学困生的学习兴趣，简洁明了的媒体展示，更有利于帮助学困生理解与突破知识重难点。 　　(三)采用自主探究合作等启发式教学 　　采用自主探究合作等启发式教学，应重点在于精准的点拨探索、体验、实践活动能充分调动学生思维的积极性，尤其更能培养学困生的动手实践能力和创新精神。教师要使用艺术性的数学语言来活跃课堂气氛，对于一些抽象概念可以让他们在玩中体会，加深对知识的理解，师生互动找出适合学困生自己的学习方法。 　　三、灵活运用教学方法，提高学困生学习数学的能力 　　(一)低起点，师生劳逸结合 　　数学课堂不同的年级要疏密有度，既要有适宜快乐的课堂练习，也要有降低学生脑力疲劳，思维迟钝时鼓励式的课堂小插曲：低年级的拍手操，中年级的数字接龙，高年级的数学故事链接拓展。在设置课堂作业时，数学教师要高低有梯度，既要优选优等生“吃不饱”的挑战性练习题，也要精选中等生“吃不好”的典型例题，更要筛选学困生“吃不了”的失误测试题，不求多，不求快，只求学困生融会贯通知识点，这样学困生就会触类旁通，举一反三，数学能力逐步提高。 　　(二)多归纳，勤练习，培养数学习惯 　　大部分学困生与正常学生除思维的差异外，差异主要表现在数学学习习惯方面。我们数学教师既要善于运用数学语言帮助学困生积累知识，更要充分运用线段图、集合圈等多种练习方法，帮助学困生总结归纳知识重难点，自觉养成细心认真、一丝不苟的心理品格，培养严谨踏实的良好数学学习习惯，提高学习效率，为学困生的全面可持续发展打下扎实的数学基础。 　　(三)及时反馈，建立民主和谐的新型师生关系 　　数学教师在激发学困生学习兴趣的同时，更要培养学困生克服困难的自信、解决困难的果敢坚毅、在师生共同互助中理想必胜的信念。数学教师要善于捕捉时机，在学困生遇到困难时要及时与其谈心谈话，循循善诱，以科学家和名人的成长经历告诉学生要有志气，保持学习的旺盛势头，办法总比困难多。在学困生取得点滴进步时，全班师生都要为他们鼓掌喝彩，使他们获得继续学习的动力，轻松接受新的学习任务! 　　四、重视课堂的激励评价，使学困生获得成就感 　　(一)书面作业评价，鼓励进步 　　数学课堂作业是学生课堂数学技能的体现。在学困生的书面作业上批阅评价，目的是为了全面了解学生的数学学习历程，激发学生的学习和改进教师的教学。例如，我在个别学困生数学作业中采用“等级+评语”的评价方法。用这种方法批阅点评学困生作业，既能启迪思维，又可以指明努力方向，学困生的主体地位真正得到了充分尊重。 　　(二)课堂口头表扬、榜样示范、学生自评，有助于学困生树立学习自信 　　数学课堂上，学生的口头表达是学生数学思维逻辑严密性的具体表现。例如，我建议学困生在数学作业中用画“笑脸”“哭脸”的方式自评当天作业的书写、做题正确率，改进学习方法，促进学生发展。 　　事实上，家长与学校教师的互动的评价，更能树立学困生的责任感。让家长每天对学生在家里对数学学习的态度，完成作业的情况等方面作出评价，学困生也能在家长的评价中体会到父母的关心爱护，不断增强主动学习的责任感。 　　综上所述，数学教师转变观念，激发学困生学习兴趣，灵活运用多种教学方法，激励评价等因素，无疑是提高学困生数学知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观这个“三维目标”的关键环节。 ;

发光二极管与普通二极 管一样是由一个PN结组成，也具有单向导电性。当给发光二极管加上正向电压后，从P区注入到N区的空穴和由N区注入到P区的电子，在PN结附近数微米内分别与N区的电子和P区的空穴复合，产生自发辐射的荧光。不同的半导体材料中电子和空穴所处的能量状态不同。当电子和空穴复合时释放出的能量多少不同，释放出的能量越多，则发出的光的波长越短。常用的是发红光、绿光或黄光的二极管。发光二极管的反向击穿电压大于5伏。它的正向伏安特性曲线很陡，使用时必须串联限流电阻以控制通过二极管的电流。限流电阻R可用下式计算：R=（E－UF）/IF式中E为电源电压，UF为LED的正向压降，IF为LED的正常工作电流。发光二极管的核心部分是由P型半导体和N型半导体组成的晶片，在P型半导体和N型半导体之间有一个过渡层，称为PN结。在某些半导体材料的PN结中，注入的少数载流子与多数载流子复合时会把多余的能量以光的形式释放出来，从而把电能直接转换为光能。PN结加反向电压，少数载流子难以注入，故不发光。这种利用注入式电致发光原理制作的二极管叫发光二极管，通称LED。 当它处于正向工作状态时（即两端加上正向电压），电流从LED阳极流向阴极时，半导体晶体就发出从紫外到红外不同颜色的光线，光的强弱与电流有关。 参考：百科

张善为的《真夏的樱花》笑一个吧亲爱的朋友啊把悲伤留在昨天锁上还记得那些我们说过的梦想你的笑脸灿烂如花总有一天你我会再见面啊虽然要向着樱花各奔天涯岁月或许会改变你我的模样我的思念永不放假明天的世界等待我们拥抱它在我心中装着你祝福的话sakula sakula 洒满青春的魔法擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价sakula sakula 昂首风雨中有爱我最大期待他日花开的季节里回家期待他日花开的季节里

是福特旗下一款车的名字。福特F系列，F-150系列。 在墨西哥，福特F-150的加长版被称作Ford Lobo。也就是说只有墨西哥才叫LOBO的。 希望您能满意我的答案。

真夏的樱花笑一个吧亲爱的朋友啊把悲伤留在昨天锁上还记得那些我们说过的梦想你的笑脸灿烂如花总有一天你我会再见面啊虽然要向着樱花各奔天涯岁月或许会改变你我的模样我的思念永不放假明天的世界等待我们拥抱它在我心中装着你祝福的话sakula sakula洒满青春的魔法擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价sakula sakula昂首风雨中有爱我最大期待他日花开的季节里回家总有一天你我会再见面啊虽然要向着樱花各奔天涯岁月或许会改变你我的模样我的思念永不放假明天的世界等待我们拥抱它在我心中装着你祝福的话sakula sakula洒满青春的魔法擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价sakula sakula昂首风雨中有爱我最大期待他日花开的季节里回家sakula sakula洒满青春的魔法擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价sakula sakula昂首风雨中有爱我最大期待他日花开的季节里sakula sakula洒满青春的魔法擦干眼泪说声再会都是成长的代价sakula sakula昂首风雨中有爱我最大期待他日花开的季节里回家

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