《TheEuropeans》epub下载在线阅读，求百度网盘云资源

到这个地区的工业是数以百万计的欧洲人,使这地方成为了所谓的“熔炉”,融合成美国人来自许多国家的人们合作。

1)、Teleshopping is cheap in Europe. 全文只讲了很流行，没讲便宜2)、People like teleshopping because it is easier 解释：（方便）Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes.3)、Some Europeans don"t like teleshopping because they don"t watch TV.解释:(担心质量）They can do teleshopping "junk on the air". Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them，and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV.4)、In Germany，teleshopping may have fewer buyers解释：只讲了电视购物就一个频道，且一天一个小时，但是不能由此推测买的人少。In Germany，until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day. Then the government allowed more teleshopping. Other channels can open for telebusiness，including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. German businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things5)、The best title of this passage is " Teleshopping in Europe" .解释：全文讲的就是欧洲的电视购物。所以对希望能帮到你！ ………… ^_^…………

（2004）柏林:由于德国和法国反对美国出兵伊拉克,美国国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德在对其进行贬损时所用的一个词———"老欧洲",被德国语言专家评审团评为2003年度词汇。当拉姆斯菲尔德所说的这个词被反对伊拉克战争的人们骄傲地用作战斗口号之后,设在威斯巴登市的德国语言协会在一年一度的评选当年最有代表性词汇的民意测验中,选择了das alte Europa(德语老欧洲)。 　　“老欧洲”一词本意是用来刺激我们的,但它的意思却经历了转化,现如今欧洲人将其作为正面的拥有自信的新代名词。"语言协会主席鲁朵尔夫·胡伯格于周五说道,"这是一个非常有意思的词,因为它在跨越国界后有了新的意思。"他补充道。BERLIN (Reuters) - "Old Europe", a term US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld used to disparage Germany and France for resisting war in Iraq, was named phrase of the year in Germany by a panel of language experts. The Wiesbaden-based Society for the German Language made "das alte Europa" its choice in the annual poll for the expression of the year after Rumsfeld"s phrase became a popular rallying cry①used proudly by opponents of the war. 　　"The term "old Europe" was originally used as a provocation, but its meaning underwent a transformation and now stands as a new-found symbol of positive self-confidence among Europeans," Rudolf Hoberg, chairman of the language society, said Friday. "It"s an extremely interesting term because it took on new meanings across borders," he added.

历史的沉淀

更开放。不过一般不这么说吧，建议改为even more open

1.When learning english,I would like to use an English-Chinese dictionary.2.There are many differences between Europeans and Americans in their social cultures.3.It does not mean you really understand this poem.4.I believe you need to know about her family first.5.I am very happy to meet you,my last name is Green,but please call me Bill.

Though only a stone"s-throw away across the grand Atlantic, Europeans and Americans are as different as night and day.While Americans enjoy a mind-numbingly huge array of television stations via satellite or cable, Europe (though able to acquire said choices) also has a slew of nationally funded channels that offer them different types of programming (and in the case of the BBC in Britain, free of advertising). Europeans are more likely to be found eating as a family around the dinner table than many Americans who prefer the convenience of eating in front of the television.

BADBDBBCADDDDDA

强

他们说日语对一个欧洲人来说尤其难

A

Compared to 10 years ago, and now have many Asian people in Europe to play football. In Europe, the popular Asian football player is a variety of factors. One of the factors is because cultivating good Asian football player is cheaper, good Asian football player than the average European football player"s training funds to cheap, spend less in the propaganda of the funds. But in 2005, Europe"s Manchester United signed South Korean international Ji-sung, and they spend a lot of money. The authors believe that the future will become europeans see the ball in Asia.I think actually Asian football development or to be improved, after all the development of Asian football has just started, to more than European football player and put a lot of work. Not tight is usually on the physical training more important is a good teaching ?

Europeans comparison pay attention to etiquette, europeans and peoples life characteristics and different customs and habits, all these related to the historical tradition, social system and religion. In public, europeans exquisite manners, not casually. Meet, general is according to name, in the combined with Mr. Outside of southern Europe and eastern Europe countries, meet their handshake. Europeans to dress is more exquisite, never sloppy. The Nordic people very pay attention to the date of arrive on time. Home.purchasing them to Western Europe, but the hostess flowers (taboo "13" beam) or chocolate and wine, pay attention to the gift of time is best not to drag the meal, as if to return the host of this meal, please. European countries have westerners about Numbers, colors, flowers and animals of many common taboo. Westerners generally taboo "13" and "Friday", the reason comes from the Christian legend; Many western countries, black is the as the representation of a funeral; In international communication occasions, avoid is used a chrysanthemum, azaleas, pink and yellow flowers to the guest, has become a practice; In addition, in China is considered auspicious, festival, the elephant, the peacock, cranes and other animals of longevity pattern in some western countries are in urgent need, was seen as stupid (UK), whore (Britain, France) and stupid (France). Hungarian more superstitious, New Year"s day is not allowed to put on table poultry dishes, think that way, luck will be with the birds fly away. Greek people love sleep nap for subtropical climate. Say "good afternoon" can include late at night, finally just said "good night", respectively. The greeks more traditional business methods, bargaining everywhere. The Austrian people don"t like eating shrimp during the New Year. For shrimp will walk backwards, symbol of bad luck, if eat shrimp, new annual means it will be difficult to enterprise

The euro is the currency of twelve European Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland.The euro is the currency of twelve European Union countries, stretching from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle (namely Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland).As from 1 January 2007, the euro will also be the currency of Slovenia.Euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation since 1 January 2002 and are now a part of daily life for over 300 million Europeans living in the euro area.还有更全的:http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=zh-CN&sl=en&u=http://europa.eu.int/euro/&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuro%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26lr%3Dlang_en%26newwindow%3D1%26sa%3DG%26as_qdr%3Dall

1.I had a___stamache______(stamach)yesterday.2.There are many___Europeans_______(Europe)in the country.3.Tomorrow is my mother"s____fortieth_____(forty)birthday.4.I saw a___fashion show________(时装展).5.We__will go_______(go)to the____gift____(gift)shop tomorrow.6.I can"t wait___having_______(have)a tirp.7.Please run__quickly_______(quick).8.There are__three cups of water_(三杯水)on the table.9.Let"s go__surfing________(surf)now.10.The weather is____bad____(bad)that yesterday.

Henry James Boston: Houghton, Osgood and Company, 1878About the auther:http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hjames.htmAbout The Book:http://www2.newpaltz.edu/~hathaway/european.html

1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B

1 F2F3F4F5T

因为哥伦布到达美洲的时候误以为自己到了印度，所以叫美洲当地人为印度人

我认为选A。加the表示强调；同时题目里也给了暗示：the Europeans 。

inhabited by 表示被动，被……居住，就是说……居住在这片陌生的土地上unknown to europeans 表示 这个种族对欧洲人来说是陌生的，即欧洲人不了解的……strange lands, inhabited by a people unknown to Europeans. 这片陌生的土地上居住着一个欧洲人不知道的民族。有不清楚的地方请追问哦！希望采纳哈

1.巴黎是法国的首都,这座城市的地铁很特别,当你身处这座城市中,你可以领略它的文化魅力.首先来到地铁站,无论人们在地下人隧道还是在车站,手中都拿着书本.巴黎的地铁站不算大,但是每一个都别有一番景象.一些站点有服饰、帽子和鞋,而且每个站都有一个巨幅广告牌,但许多都是为了销售衣服和化妆品.在车站你会遇见乞丐,而乞丐们也很不同,他们通常在车上拉小提琴或他吉他.他们根本不会难为情,相反,他们认为这在自然不过.表演完后,他们就会在车中来回走,向你要钱.如果你想进一步了解巴黎,那么你得亲自去地铁站体验一下. 2.现在,是时候打包你的行囊准备好过暑假了!你知道欧洲人都是怎么度假的吗?也许会去国外旅游也许会拜访亲友.我们也做这些事.大多数欧洲人一年有3至4周假期.许多人选择在夏天更热的时候去度假.在瑞典,许多公司在七月份都停业关门,几乎所有人都去享受假期.对于许多瑞典家庭来说,呆在他们第二个家是很常见的,这个家通常居于森里中或是靠近海边.意大利人喜欢海滨或山上远足,享受特制的美食.英国人会在天气好的时候去海滨.女王的生日应该是在4月,但是她改在6月天气好的时候庆生.英国人喜欢出国旅游,阳光充足的西班牙、法国都是不错的选择.近几年来,欧洲人经常到国外度假,因为费用较低.欧盟也为欧洲人旅游提供便利,在欧洲他们不需要护照.许多欧洲人喜欢包办旅游,这意味着他们可以以很低的价格得到旅行、住宿、饮食等服务.也有许多家庭喜欢野营.（纯手工翻译,麻烦给个好评）ps请问这是初中生的作业么?,5,英语翻译 1.Paris is the capital of France.Its subway(地铁)is also very special.You can enjoy its culture when you are in this city.First you are in the subway.Whenever they are in the sub-way or at the station,there is always a book in the hand. The subway station in Paris is not big.but each of them has its special facts.Some stations have clothes,caps and shoes.And every station has a big advertisement picture.But many of them are for selling clothes and co *** et-ics(化妆品). you can meet some beggrs(乞丐)in the sub-way.But the beggrs in the Paris subway are also very special.They often play the violin or guitar in the train.They don"t feel shy at all.Instead they think it is natural.After playing,they will go around the train and ask you to give them some money. If you want to learn more about Paris,go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself. 2.It"s time to pack your bags and get ready to go on a summer holiday!Have you ever wondered what Europeans do for their holiday?Maybe travel to other countries or visit friends and family.Well,we do all of these! Most people in Europe get about there or four weeks of holiday time a year.Lots of people choose to take the vacation in the summer when it"s warmer. In Sweden,many panies close down for the whole of July and nearly everyone takes their holiday then!It"s mon for many Swedish (瑞典的) families to go and stay in their second home,often in a forest(森林) or by the sea.Italians like to go to the coast or walk in the hills and eat special food. Some British people go to the seaside when the weather is good.The Queen"s birthday is really in April but she celebrates it in June when the weather is better!British people often like to go to foreign countries like sunny Spain and France. Europeans often travel abroad(到国外) for their holiday now because it"s cheap.The EU(欧盟) also make it easy for Europeans to travel.They don"t need a passport(护照) to travel in Europe! Lot"s of Europeans like to buy “package holidays(包办旅游)”.This means they can get their fight,hotel and even food at a very low price.Lots of families also like to go camping,too.

这句话的意思是：美国和美国人的繁荣富裕是欧亚诸国做梦也无法想象的这句话的主干就是America and Americans were prosperous beyond 作为介词，引导的介词短语beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians做状语

http://www.pep.com.cn/ge/jszx/pg/xxb/jsys/

美国和美国的梦想是国富民强，欧洲人和亚洲人在战争毁掉了他们的经济,

AmericansGermans...就是后面以an 结尾的基本上都要加拉Chinese不加S的

这么难的问题居然没有分?

Do not understand the Chinese Western eyes, China is very poor and backward.A little understanding of China and Chinese people"s eyes, nouveau richeBetter understanding of China and Chinese people"s eyes, from the poor to the rich are very complex.African eyes, Chinese is very capableSoutheast Asian people, Chinese for thousands of years. Both fear and discrimination of Chinese, chinese.Eyes of Mongols, Chinese is dead certain invaders. Japanese in the Chinese mind what image, Chinese in the eyes of Mongols is what the image.Russian Chinese eyes, too, was a bit scary.

　　几年来,美国人享有teleshopping-watching电视和买东西的人打电话。现在电话购货法开始在欧洲。在许多欧洲国家,人们可以打开电视、买衣服、珠宝、食品、玩具、和其他的事情。　　在瑞典电话购货法日趋普遍,例如。最大的瑞典公司销售各种东西在电视上,在15个欧洲国家在一年中它赚了1亿美元。在法国,有两个电话购货法渠道,法国人花大约每年2000万美元来买东西通过这些渠道。　　在德国,直到去年电话购货法只有可能在一个频道每天1小时。后来政府允许更多的电话购货法。可以打开telebusiness其它渠道,包括美国最大公司电话购货法及24小时电话购货法的公司。德国商业界期盼着这项新的电话购物业务能够帮助他们销售更多的商品。　　有些人喜欢电话购货法,因为它允许他们做购物不留吨

western

When the first group of people came to California as we know it now, no one can tell. However, it is likely that Native Americans lived in California at least 15000 years ago.最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15000 年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。Scientists believe the settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America via a prehistoric land bridge. After the Europeans came here in the 16th century, the indigenous people suffered a lot. Thousands of people were killed or forced to become slaves.科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。In addition, the Europeans brought diseases, which made many people sick and died. However, some people survived these terrible periods. There are more Native Americans living in California today than in any other state.此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死,不过，还是有些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first came to South America in the early 16th century. They fought with the aborigines and seized their land.西班牙人在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺取了他们的土地。Two centuries later, the Spaniards settled in most of South America, and also in the northwest coast, which we now call the United States. Among the first Spaniards to move to California, most of them were religious people whose duty was to teach Catholicism to the aborigines.两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。In 1821, the Mexicans gained independence from Spain, and California became part of Mexico. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico. After the United States won the war, Mexico was forced to cede California to the United States.1821 年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846 年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。However, the state still retains a strong Spanish influence. That"s why 40% of the people in California still use Spanish as their first or second language.但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。扩展资料这部分内容主要考察的是过去将来完成时的知识点：表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。 这个时态用得相对比较少，通常主要用于转述方面，即用于第三、四类条件句及间接引语中。若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If I"d left sooner, I"d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

翻译(=@__@=)哪里？图呢？

The History of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies. Aboriginal Australians are believed to have first arrived on the Australian mainland by boat from the Indonesian archipelago between 40,000 to 60,000 years ago. They established among the longest surviving artistic, musical and spiritual traditions known on earth. The first uncontested landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. European explorers followed intermittently until, in 1770, James Cook charted the East Coast of Australia for Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales. A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Sydney in January 1788 to establish a penal colony. Other colonies were established by Britain around the continent and European explorers sent deep into the interior throughout the 19th century. Introduced disease and conflict with the British colonists greatly weakened Indigenous Australia throughout the period. Gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity and autonomous Parliamentary democracies began to be established throughout the six British colonies from the mid-19th century. The colonies voted by referendum to unite in a Federation in 1901, and modern Australia came into being. Australia fought on the side of Britain in the World Wars and became a long standing ally of the United States when threatened by Imperial Japan during World War II. Trade with Asia increased and a post-war multicultural immigration program received more than 6.5 million migrants from every continent. The population tripled in the six decades to around 21 million in 2010, with people originating from 200 countries sustaining the 14th biggest economy in the world.

Europe”—the word calls to mind a land of famous old buildings, scenic countryside, and time-honored traditions. Europe is rich in history. Ancient stone castles, lavish palaces, and beautiful cathedrals dot the land. But it"s also one of the world"s most vibrant, modern places. Europe attracts visitors from around the world. They come to see its historic landmarks, world-class art museums, and great natural beauty. Scenic attractions include the rolling green hills of the British Isles, towering peaks of the Swiss Alps, and sunny Mediterranean beaches. PENINSULAS AND ISLANDS Europe is considered a separate continent. But it"s actually a peninsula—a piece of land that juts out from a mainland into water. Europe is a giant peninsula sticking west out of Asia, the mainland. The Ural Mountains east of Europe divide the continent from Asia. The mountains run right through Russia. Russia lies partly in Europe and partly in Asia. Europe has many smaller peninsulas of its own. Greece and Italy are peninsulas. Spain and Portugal share another peninsula called Iberia. In the north, Denmark occupies the small peninsula of Jutland. Sweden and Norway occupy the larger Scandinavian Peninsula. Europe also includes many islands, such as Great Britain, Ireland, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and Crete. All of these islands and peninsulas give Europe a long coastline and many harbors, inlets, and seaports. A CROWDED CONTINENT Europe is the second smallest of the world"s seven continents. Only Australia is smaller. Europe is about the same size as the United States. Yet it has almost three times as many people. About 729 million people live in Europe. That makes it the most crowded of all the continents. Europe is divided into more than 40 countries, and Europeans speak more than 60 languages. Europe is home to dozens of great cities. Many of them, such as London and Paris, date to ancient times. Among Europe"s other famous cities are A

　　For several years, Americans have enjoyed teleshopping watching TV and buying things by phone. Now teleshopping is starting in Europe. In a number of European countries, people can turn on their TVs and shopfor clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things.　　Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden, for example. The biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one year it made $100 million. In France there are two teleshopping channels, and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels.　　In Germany, until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day. Then the government allowed more telepshopping. Other channels can open for telebusiness, including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. German businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things.　　Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving thei***omes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities, this is an important reason. But at the same time, other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping. They call teleshopping “junk(垃圾)on the air”. Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them, and they believe they cannot be sure about the quailty of the things on TV.　　The need fo***igh quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person.　　1. Teleshopping is　_____ in Europe.　　A.not popular B.growing　　C.not possible D.cheap　　2. People like teleshopping because it is_____.　　A. American B. cheaper　　C. easier D. more popular　　3. Some Europeans don‘t like teleshopping because they　_____ .　　A.don"t like to buy things　　B.don‘t watch TV　　C.believe the things sold on TV are expensive　　D.think the things sold on TV are bad quality　　4. In Germany, teleshopping may_____ .　　A.help businessmen get more money　　B.keep the shops open longer　　C.have fewer buyers　　D.bring better TV programmes　　5. The best title of this passage is　_____ .　　A. American Teleshopping　　B.Teleshopping Companies　　C.Teleshopping in Europe　　D.Teleshopping — Junk on the Air 二、阅读理解　　1. B 解析：从第二段第一句可以看出，teleshopping正在变流行，所以应该是growing，正在成长。　　2. C 解析：从第四段第一行可以看出答案，喜欢电视购物是因为可以不出门就买到东西，比较方便。　　3. D 解析：从第四段第四行可以看出，人们担心电视上卖的商品的质量。　　4. A 解析：从第三段最后一行可以得出答案。　　5. C 解析：本文先讲到电视购物在美国流行了很久，然后介绍了其在欧洲的发展。包括在各国的发展情况以及顾客的担心等。

Please avoid using mobile phone when the signal is weak or you move quicklyHe hopes to spend more time on business ,and not to neglect his familyComparing with Europeans, Americans are inclined to spend their money on CharitiesThe phone rang again no sooner than he put down itIt remains unknown whether Apple can be creative as before or not

　圣诞吃火鸡的由来，火鸡是美洲特产，在欧洲人到美洲之前，已经被印地安人驯化。火鸡的名字在英文中叫“土耳其”。因为欧洲人觉得它的样子像土耳其的服装：身黑头红。欧洲人很喜欢吃烤鹅。在 移民 到美洲之后，还没有养好鹅就有了吃鹅的要求，于是就吃火鸡，竟然发现火鸡比鹅好吃。 The origin of the Christmas Turkey, specialty is the American Turkey, before the Europeans to the Americas, Indians have been domesticated. Turkey"s name in the English called "in Turkey". Because the Europeans think it looks like Turkey"s clothing: body black red. Europeans like to eat Roasted Goose. After the immigration to America, also did not have good geese have eaten the goose"s request, so eat turkey, geese and even find delicious than turkey. 　　而且北美洲有很多火鸡。于是烤火鸡成了美国人的大菜，重要节日中必不可少。 And North America have a lot of turkey. Americans have become so roast turkey meal, an important holiday essential. 　

你也不给钱

Do you think it matters which Europeans first reached Amrica？ 怎么翻译比较好Do you think it matters which Europeans first reached Amrica？ 意思是：你认为哪个欧洲人先发现（到达）美洲（大陆）（对这个事情）很重要吗？这是一个宾语从句，it matters which Europeans first reached Amrica是从句作宾语，从句中，it是形式主语，matters是谓语，which Europeans first reached Amrica是从句作真正的主语，正常逻辑语序是：which Europeans first reached Amrica matters意思是：哪个欧洲人先发现（到达）美洲（大陆）（对这个事情）很重要

哎呀呀 答案不太好选择啊

The term Australia, originally intended as the "continent of the South," was derived from the Latin terraaustralis (land of the South). When the Europeans discovered the continent in the 17th century, they mistook it for a land directly across the Antarctic, hence the name "Australia." Australia was originally an Aboriginal settlement in Australia. At the beginning of the 17th century, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands arrived successively. Became a British colony in 1770, in 1901 formed the Commonwealth of Australia, became the British self-government. 1931 became an independent nation within the Commonwealth. Australia is a highly developed capitalist country, the capital of Canberra. As the country with the most developed economy in the southern hemisphere and the 12th largest economy in the world, the world"s fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, which is also the number one country with many kinds of mineral exports in the world, [1] is therefore called "sitting in a cart country". At the same time, Australia is also the country that has the largest stocking and exporting of wool in the world. It is also known as "country riding in sheep back". With a highly urbanized population, nearly half of the population lives in Sydney and Melbourne, and many of the country"s cities have been voted one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports powerhouse, hosting a number of sport events throughout the world. Australia is an active member of the international community and a founding member of APEC. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Group of 20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum. latest news

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　　目标管理的具体形式各种各样，但其基本内容是一样的。所谓目标管理乃是一种程序或过程，它使组织中的上级和下级一起协商，根据组织的使命确定一定时期内组织的总目标，由此决定上、下级的责任和分目标，并把这些目标作为组织经营、评估和奖励每个单位和个人贡献的标准。 　　目标管理指导思想上是以Y理论为基础的，即认为在目标明确的条件下，人们能够对自己负责。具体方法上是泰勒科学管理的进一步发展。它与传统管理方式相比有鲜明的特点，可概括为：　　l、重视人的因素。　　目标管理是一种参与的、民主的、自我控制的管理制度，也是一种把个人需求与组织目标结合起来的管理制度。在这一制度下，上级与下级的关系是平等、尊重、依赖、支持，下级在承诺目标和被授权之后是自觉、自主和自治的。　　2、建立目标锁链与目标体系。　　目标管理通过专门设计的过程，将组织的整体目标逐级分解，转换为各单位、各员工的分目标。从组织目标到经营单位目标，再到部门目标，最后到个人目标。在目标分解过程中，权、责、利三者已经明确，而且相互对称。这些目标方向一致，环环相扣，相互配合，形成协调统一的目标体系。只有每个人员完成了自己的分目标，整个企业的总目标才有完成的希望。　　3、重视成果　　目标管理以制定目标为起点，以目标完成情况的考核为终结。工作成果是评定目标完成程度的标准，也是人事考核和奖评的依据，成为评价管理工作绩效的唯一标志。至于完成目标的具体过程、途径和方法，上级并不过多干预。所以，在目标管理制度下，监督的成分很少，而控制目标实现的能力却很强。　　编辑本段四、目标管理的程序　　目标管理的具体做法分三个阶段：第一阶段为目标的设置；第二阶段为实现目标过程的管理；第三阶段为测定与评价所取得的成果。　　1．目标的设置　　这是目标管理最重要的阶段，第一阶段可以细分为四个步骤： 　　①高层管理预定目标，这是一个暂时的、可以改变的目标预案。即可以上级提出，再同下级讨论；也可以由下级提出，上级批准。无论哪种方式，必须共同商量决定；其次，领导必须根据企业的使命和长远战略，估计客观环境带来的机会和挑战，对本企业的优劣有清醒的认识。对组织应该和能够完成的目标心中有数。 　　②重新审议组织结构和职责分工。目标管理要求每一个分目标都有确定的责任主体。因此预定目标之后，需要重新审查现有组织结构，根据新的目标分解要求进行调整，明确目标责任者和协调关系。 　　③确立下级的目标。首先下级明确组织的规划和目标，然后商定下级的分目标。在讨论中上级要尊重下级，平等待人，耐心倾听下级意见，帮助下级发展一致性和支持性目标。分目标要具体量化，便于考核；分清轻重缓急，以免顾此失彼；既要有挑战性，又要有实现可能。每个员工和部门的分目标要和其他的分目标协调一致，支持本单位和组织目标的实现。 　　④上级和下级就实现各项目标所需的条件以及实现目标后的奖惩事宜达成协议。分目标制定后，要授予下级相应的资源配置的权力，实现权责利的统一。由下级写成书面协议，编制目标记录卡片，整个组织汇总所有资料后，绘制出目标图。　　2．实现目标过程的管理　　目标管理重视结果，强调自主，自治和自觉。并不等于领导可以放手不管，相反由于形成了目标体系，一环失误，就会牵动全局。因此领导在目标实施过程中的管理是不可缺少的。首先进行定期检查，利用双方经常接触的机会和信息反馈渠道自然地进行；其次要向下级通报进度，便于互相协调；再次要帮助下级解决工作中出现的困难问题，当出现意外、不可测事件严重影响组织目标实现时，也可以通过一定的手续，修改原定的目标。　　3．总结和评估　　达到预定的期限后，下级首先进行自我评估，提交书面报告；然后上下级一起考核目标完成情况，决定奖惩；同时讨论下一阶段目标，开始新循环。如果目标没有完成，应分析原因总结教训，切忌相互指责，以保持相互信任的气氛。　　编辑本段五、目标管理的优缺点　　目标管理在全世界产生很大影响，但实施中也出现许多问题。因此必须客观分析其优劣势，才能扬长避短，收到实效。　　1．目标管理的优点　　①目标管理对组织内易于度量和分解的目标会带来良好的绩效。对于那些在技术上具有可分性的工作，由于责任、任务明确目标管理常常会起到立竿见影的效果，而对于技术不可分的团队工作则难以实施目标管理。 　　②目标管理有助于改进组织结构的职责分工。由于组织目标的成果和责任力图划归一个职位或部门，容易发现授权不足与职责不清等缺陷。 　　③目标管理启发了自觉，调动了职工的主动性、积极性、创造性。由于强调自我控制，自我调节，将个人利益和组织利益紧密联系起来，因而提高了士气。　 　　④目标管理促进了意见交流和相互了解，改善了人际关系。　　2．目标管理的缺点　　在实际操作中，目标管理也存在许多明显的缺点，主要表现在： 　　①目标难以制定。组织内的许多目标难以定量化、具体化；许多团队工作在技术上不可解；组织环境的可变因素越来越多，变化越来越快，组织的内部活动日益复杂，使组织活动的不确性越来越大。这些都使得组织的许多活动制订数量化目标是很困难的。 　　②目标管理的哲学假设不一定都存在。Y理论对于人类的动机作了过分乐观的假设，实际中的人是有“机会主义本性”的，尤其在监督不力的情况下。因此许多情况下，目标管理所要求的承诺、自觉、自治气氛难以形成。 　　③目标商定可能增加管理成本。目标商定要上下沟通、统一思想是很费时间的；每个单位、个人都关注自身目标的完成，很可能忽略了相互协作和组织目标的实现，滋长本位主义、临时观点和急功近利倾向。 　　④有时奖惩不一定都能和目标成果相配合，也很难保证公正性，从而削弱了目标管理的效果。 　　鉴于上述分析，在实际中推行目标管理时，除了掌握具体的方法以外，还要特别注意把握工作的性质，分析其分解和量化的可能；提高员工的职业道德水平，培养合作精神，建立健全各项规章制度，注意改进领导作风和工作方法，使目标管理的推行建立在一定的思想基础和科学管理基础上；要逐步推行，长期坚持，不断完善，从而使目标管理发挥预期的作用。　　编辑本段六、目标管理的实施原则　　目标管理是现代企业管理模式中比较流行、比较实用的管理方式之一。它的最大特征就是方向明确，非常有利于把整个团队的思想、行动统一到同一个目标、同一个理想上来，是企业提高工作效率、实现快速发展的有效手段之一。 　　搞好目标管理并非一般人想象的那么简单，必须遵循以下四个原则：　　1. 目标制定必须科学合理：　　目标管理能不能产生理想的效果、取得预期的成效，首先就取决于目标的制定，科学合理的目标是目标管理的前提和基础，脱离了实际的工作目标，轻则影响工作进程和成效，重则使目标管理失去实际意义，影响企业发展大局。　　2. 督促检查必须贯串始终：　　目标管理，关键在管理。在目标管理的过程中，丝毫的懈怠和放任自流都可能贻害巨大。作为管理者，必须随时跟踪每一个目标的进展，发现问题及时协商、及时处理、及时采取正确的补救措施，确保目标运行方向正确、进展顺利。　　3. 成本控制必须严肃认真：　　目标管理以目标的达成为最终目的，考核评估也是重结果轻过程。这很容易让目标责任人重视目标的实现，轻视成本的核算，特别是当目标运行遇到困难可能影响目标的适时实现时，责任人往往会采取一些应急的手段或方法，这必然导致实现目标的成本不断上升。作为管理者，在督促检查的过程当中，必须对运行成本作严格控制，既要保证目标的顺利实现，又要把成本控制在合理的范围内。因为，任何目标的实现都不是不计成本的。　　4. 考核评估必须执行到位：　　任何一个目标的达成、项目的完成，都必须有一个严格的考核评估。考核、评估、验收工作必须选择执行力很强的人员进行，必须严格按照目标管理方案或项目管理目标，逐项进行考核并作出结论，对目标完成度高、成效显著、成绩突出的团队或个人按章奖励，对失误多、成本高、影响整体工作的团队或个人按章处罚，真正达到表彰先进、鞭策落后的目的。　　编辑本段七、目标管理的类型及功能　　目标管理的类型 　　(1)业绩主导型目标管理和过程主导型目标管理。这是依据对目标的实现过程是否规定来区分的。目标管理的最终目的在于业绩，所以从根本上说，目标管理也称业绩管理。其实，任何管理其目的都是要提高业绩。 　　(2)组织目标管理和岗位目标管理。这是从目标的最终承担主体来分的。组织目标管理是一种在组织中自上而下系统设立和开展目标，从高层到低层逐渐具体化，并对组织活动进行调节和控制，谋求高效地实现目标的管理方法。 　　(3)成果目标管理和方针目标管理。这是依据目标的细分程度来分的。成果目标管理是以组织追求的最终成果的量化指标为中心的目标管理方法。 　　目标管理的类功能 　　由于目标管理是超前性的管理、系统整体的管理和重视成果的管理以及重视人的管理，因此有以下功能： (1)克服传统管理的弊端。传统管理主要有两大弊端：一是工作缺乏预见和计划，没事的时候，尽可悠闲自得，一旦意外事件发生，就忙成一团，成天在事务中兜圈子；二是不少组织中的领导信奉传统官僚学的理论，认为权力集中控制才能使力量集中、指挥统一和效率提高。 　　(2)提高工作成效。目标管理不同于以往的那种只重视按照规定的工作范围和工作程序和方法进行工作的做法，而是在各自目标明晰、成员工作目标和组织总目标直接关联的基础上，鼓励组织成员完成目标。同时，目标同客观的评价基准和奖励相配套。这有利于全面提高管理的绩效。 　　(3)使个体的能力得到激励和提高。在管理目标建立的过程中，成员可以各抒己见，各显其能，有表现其才能、发挥其潜能的权利和机会；工作成员为了更好地完成其职责和个人目标，必然加强自我训练和学习，不断充电，提高能力；目标管理的确定，既根据个人的能力，又具有某种挑战性，要达到目标，必须努力才有可能。 　　(4)改善人际关系。根据目标进行管理，组织的上下级沟通会有很大的改善，原因在于：第一，目标制定时，上级为了让员工真正了解组织希望达到的目标，必须和成员商量，必须先有良好的上下沟通和取得一致的意见，这就容易形成团体意识。第二，目标管理理念是每个组织成员的目标，是为组织整体完成并且根据整体目标而制订的。　　编辑本段八、目标管理的优越性　　设置目标进行管理至少有以下这些优越性： 　　(1) 说明整个组织的宗旨、方向和意义，使员工更加清楚组织的目标。 　　(2) 因为强调结果而不是任务，因此有助于改进计划工作。 　　(3) 管理者在自己的职位层次上工作，而不是在比其低的层次上工作。 　　(4) 目标有助于公司把握命运，而不是只对错误做出反应。 　　(5) 通过目标管理可以改善上下级之间的关系。 　　(6) 目标为各个管理层评估各自的绩效提供了参考。 　　(7) 鼓励维持短期利益与长期利益之间的平衡。　　编辑本段九、实行目标管理的基本条件　　实行目标管理，要有以下的基本条件： 　　1、推行目标管理要有一定的思想基础和科学管理基础。要教育员工树立全局观念，长远利益观念，正确理解国家、公司和个人之间的关系。因为推行目标管理容易滋长急功近利本位主义倾向，如果没有一定的思想基础，设定目标时就可能出现不顾整体利益和长远利益的现象。科学管理基础是指各项规章制度比较完善，信息比较畅通，能够比较准确的度量和评估工作成果。这是推行目标管理的基础。而这个基础工作是需要长期的培训和教育才可以逐步建立起来的。 　　2．推行目标管理关键在于领导。领导对各项指标都要心中有数，工作不深入，没有专业的知识，不了解下情，不熟悉生产，不会经营管理是不行的，因而对领导的要求更高。领导与下属之间不是命令和服从的关系，而是平等、尊重、信赖和相互支持。领导要改进作风、提高水平、发扬民主、善于沟通，在目标设立过程和执行过程中，都要善于沟通，使大家的方向一致，目标之间相互支持，同时领导还要和下级要就实现各项目标所需要的条件以及实现目标的奖惩事宜达成协议，并授予下级以相应的支配人、财、物和对外交涉等权利，充分发挥下属的个人能动性以使目标得以实现。 　　3．目标管理要逐步推行、长期坚持。推行目标管理有许多相关配套工作，如提高员工的素质，健全各种责任制，做好其他管理的基础工作，制定一系列的相关政策。这些都是企业的长期任务，因此目标管理只能逐步推行，而且要长期坚持，不断完善，才能达到良好的效果。 　　4．推行目标管理要确定好目标。一个好的目标是切合实际的，通过努力可以实现的（不通过努力可以实现的目标，不能算好目标）。而且一个好的目标，必须具有关联性、阶段性，并兼顾结果和过程，还需要数据采集系统、差距检查与分析、及时激励制度的支撑。这些量化管理方法与目标管理相辅相成，可以帮助经理人在激发员工的主动性和创造性的同时，还能及时了解整个团队的工作进度，不折不扣地完成任务。从而在更大程度上促进员工的主动性，为在日常工作中提高员工领导力，提供了良性循环的基础。 　　5．推行目标管理要注重信息管理。目标管理体系中,信息的管理扮演着举足轻重的角色,确定目标需要获取大量的信息为依据;展开目标需要加工、处理信息;实施目标的过程就是信息传递与转换的过程。 信息工作是目标管理得以正常运转的基础。　　编辑本段十、目标制定的注意事项　　目标的制定一般应该注意下面几个方面： 　　1、难易适中的原则（要有难度但不能让人产生畏难情绪）； 　　2、时间紧凑的原则； 　　3、大小统一的原则（年度目标与月度目标、整体目标与局部目标）； 　　4、方向一致的原则（使所有人都朝一个方向努力）。　　编辑本段十一、目标管理的方法　　（1）明确目标：目标管理中目标应具体明确； 　　（2）参与决策：目标管理用参与的方式决定目标，上级和下级共同参与目标的选择和对如何实现达成一致意见； 　　（3）规定期限：每一个目标的完成都有一个明确的时间界限； 　　（4）反馈绩效：目标管理寻求不断将事情的进展情况反馈给个人，以便他们能够调整自己的行动。也包括正式的评估会议，上下级共同回顾和检查进展情况。

你好！梨pear英[peu0259(r)]美[per]n.梨树;梨（树）;[例句]Whenyougethungry,justpluckapearoffthetreeandeatit.肚子饿了你就从树上采摘一个梨吃吧。

上海话的重要特点是声母清浊对立，韵母多单元音，读音系统有两套（文白异读），音调保留入声，多字连读有连续变调。 简单地说，清浊对立就是指声母除了清音外（普通话的bp,dt,gk,j,x,h)还有相对应的浊音（bh,dh,gh,jh,xh,hh)，即从发音一开始就振动声带。清浊对立继承了古汉语的特点。在现代的日语，英语，法语中都有浊音。比如英语单词stand中，s和t都是清音（基本上对应普通话的s,d），而d是浊音。 入声是指汉语中平、上、去、入四声中的第四声。不要和普通话的四声混淆起来。普通话的四声实际是四调，即汉语四声八调中阴平、阳平、上、去四调。上海话最早的时候和古汉语一致，有四声八调。最近一些声调进行了合并，只剩五调，入声还是保留的，但是比较简化，不区分韵尾，一律用喉塞音结束。简单的说就是一个音发一半，后面被“吞”了回去。 上海话是吴语的一个分支。吴语历史比较古老，可以追溯到唐宋以前，很多字读音和北宋《广韵》中记载的是一致的。所以学习上海话关键要知道一个字的原始面貌，在古汉语中大致是什么样的，是发清音还是浊音，是什么声调。因为普通话浊音都合并到清音了，一些声母甚至转化成了翘舌音（古汉语无翘舌音），入声合并到其他三声。所以要知道这些字的原始面貌，就只能靠学习和操练了。 文白异读是指一个字两种读音。白读用来读传统词汇，文读用来读外来语和新词汇。文白两种读法有的时候可以任意，有的时候如果读错就会显得比较古怪。 连续变调的意思是一段话或者一些连续的字语速快时往往整段音调只由第一个字来定，忽视后面的字其本来的音调。演变异常迅速的上海话正朝着二声调语音系统发展，即只有高低调，类似日语。 上海话和普通话的音调差别如下（5分制）： 上海话（新派）： 阴平52 阴上334 阴去334 阴入(55) 阳平223 阳上223 阳去223 阳入(12) 上海话（老派）： 阴平52 阴上44 阴去35 阴入(55) 阳平22 阳上213 阳去13 阳入(22) 普通话： 阴平55 上214 去51 阳平35 先给你两个上海话拼音方案吧，虽然都是简化版。第一个靠拢普通话拼音，第二个靠拢国际音标。其他的一时半会儿也讲不完，只有靠慢慢学习和操练了。 上海话拼音方案第一式： 声母： b剥 p朴 bh薄 m摸 f福 fh服 d答 t塔 dh达 n钠 l辣 z资 c雌 s思 sh词 j鸡 q欺 jh旗 x希 xh齐 g格 k客 gh轧 ng额 h吓 hh合 韵母： i衣 u乌 yu迂 y字 a啊 o丫 e埃 ao凹 ou欧 oe安 an张 en真 ang章 ong中 ak扎 ek浙 ok作 ik笔 er而 m姆 n唔 ng鱼 零声母阴调i 行前改用y,阳调前改yh；u行前改用w、wh；yu行前用yu、yhu。 鼻音、边音阳调用mh nh lh nhg 声调：凡是声母第二字母是h的，都为阳声调；尾有k的，都为入声：如此区分了阴去、阳去、阴入、阳入声调；阴平声调除声母h用hr外，其他都用双写声母字母表示。 字母v用于阳入字仅“勿”一字开头的三字组实际读成阴入开头连读变调调式时，作“勿”的声母用，以区别于除“勿”外的阳入字开头的三字组连读变调通用调式。 上海话拼音方案第二式： 声母：p剥 ph朴 b薄 m摸 f福 v服 t答 th塔 d达 n钠 l辣 ts资 tsh雌 s思 z词 c鸡 ch欺 j旗 sh希 zh齐 k格 kh客 g轧 ng额 x吓 h合 韵母： i衣 u乌 yu迂 z字 a啊 o哦 e埃 oa凹 eu欧 oe安 an张 en真 ang章 ong中 ak扎 ek浙 ok作 ik笔 el而 m姆 n唔 ng鱼 零声母阴调i 行前改用y,阳调前改yr；u行前改用w 、wr；yu行前就用yu yru。 鼻音、边音阳调用mr nr lr ngr 声调：凡是古全浊声母、次浊今方案中带r声母开头的音节，都为阳声调；音节尾有k的，都为入声：如此区分了阴去、阳去、阴入、阳入声调；阴平声调都在该音节最后加字母q表示。 有些人，“米”、“面”读成不同韵母，则以“i”表示“米”的韵母，“ii”表示“面”的韵母。 两个拼音方案都设置模糊音。有些人（主要是新派上海话）韵母an、ang合并，则用ang表示合并后的音；韵母ak、ek合并，则用ak表示合并的音。 日常用语的话先介绍几个（靠拢第二式）： 代词： 我：我（老派ngu，中派ngo，新派wu） 你：侬（nong） 他： 伊（yi） 我们：阿拉(ak"lak)、我伲（ngu"gni） 你们：那（na） 他们：伊拉(yi"la) 我的/你的/他的：我个/侬个/伊个(ngu"ek/nong"ek/yi"ek) 这个：个个（gek"ek） 或者 第个(tik"ek) 那个：哎个(e"ek) 或者 咿个(i"ek) 哪个：嚡里个(a"li"ek) 这里：个面嗒 (gek"mi"tak) / 个嗒 (gek"tak) / 个面 (gek"mi) 那里：哎面嗒 (e"mi"tak) / 哎嗒 (e"tak) / 哎面 (e"mi) 或者 咿面(i"mi) 哪里：嚡里(a"li) / 嚡里嗒 (a"li"tak) 数词： 一(yik) 两(liang) 三(se) 四(sz) 五(ng) 六(lok) 七(qik/tshik) 八(pak) 九(ciu) 十(zak) 你好吗？：侬好伐(nong"ho"va) 你吃过饭了吗？：侬饭吃过了伐？(nong"ve"chik"ku"lek"va) 谢谢：谢谢(zha"zha) 再见：再会(tse"hwe) 不知道：勿晓得(vek"sho"tek)

霍兰德职业兴趣测试由美国著名职业指导专家霍兰德编制，主要用于确定被测试者的职业兴趣倾向,进而用于指导被测试者选择适合自身职业兴趣的专业发展方向和职业发展方向。

你好，你问的slow是方式副词还是程度副词？他是一个方式副词。意思是怎么样的慢？程度副词是so too very。

以下是整理的2020年沈阳市春季的版本，省选版本多于市选版本整理参考：辽宁省教育厅办公室关于印发2019年中小学教学用书目录的通知沈阳市教育局关于做好2018年秋季中小学教材教辅材料征订工作的通知沈阳市教育局关于下发2016年春季中小学教学用书书目的通知《沈阳市2018-2019学年度义务教育教学用书目录》（附件1）《沈阳市2018-2019学年度普通高中教学用书目录》（附件2）沈阳市2018年小学英语教材（三年级起点）选用结果的公式网页链接

建议你不要过多的相信这些职业测试,毕竟上面的题目是上个世纪测试外国人的,无论文化还是时效都和我们不相符.甚至回给你自己一个误导.还是多问问周围人对自己的看法吧.

沈阳的介绍： Location of the Expo 2006 China Shenyang International Horticultural Exposition will be held in Shenyang Qipanshan International Scenery & Tourism Development Zone, 20km from the urban area. With Shen-Qi highway (6 lanes), Ma-Song highway, Ji-Xi adjusted highway, Shen-Fu North and Shen-Fu railway meet in this area, the transportation is convenient. Qipanshan International Scenery & Tourism Development Zone, covers an area of 190 sq. km. Beautiful sceneries changing with times are called by tourists 03°the original copy of traditional Chinese landscape painting03±. The Expo will be held in the center of the previous Shenyang Botanic Garden, covering 2.46 sq.km of land as the core area and, 5 sq.km as the background zone. The background Zone of the Expo The background area is to be connected with the Hunhe water system and the core area of the Expo, including an island of 0.6 sq.km. The background area will be built into an ecological zone, and the island will be built for bird protection Core area of the Expo Shenyang Expo will cover 246 ha. of land, which occupies the largest area compared with previous International Expos. 沈阳故宫The Imperial Palace of Shenyang First built in 1625 for Nurhachi, and inherited by his son Abahai Huang Taiji), the Former Imperial Palace of Shenyang is one of two royal complexes extant in China today. The splendid and distinctly ethnic architectural style of the palace, which includes Dazheng (Grand Politics) Hall, the Ten Princes" Pavilion, Chongzhen (Golden Chimes), Phoenix Chamber, and Qingning (Pure Tranquility) Pavilion, are still in perfect shape.