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as soon as表示一。。。就,其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。
这个短语用的比较常用,口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而且可以用于各种时态。例如:
I"ll write you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时)
As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure.
我一进门,Jason 就高兴的叫起来。(一般过去时)
一…就…
后接状语从句
从句可以用一般现在时表示将来时
I will call you as soon as I come back
主语将来时,从句一般现在时
但从句不用将来时
I shall tell him the news as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
可以用在句首或句末
as soon as连接的时间状语从句中,指未发生的动作,规律
是:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时
如:I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。
指紧接着发生的两个短动作,主从句都用一般过去时
如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down
就这两种情况 ,熟记就行。
一、 介词until
作介词的until 的英文解释是up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)。但注意观察下列句子,我们还可留意到until 在具体运用中的细微之处。
1. 用于肯定句中:
1) It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。
2) He will be working until 5 o"clock. 他将一直工作到五点钟。
3) She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员,战时受训当了护士。
不难看出until 用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。
2. 用于否定句中:
1) The secret was never told until after the old man"s death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。
2) Don"t open it until your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开。
3) She didn"t sleep until eight. 她八点钟才睡觉。
不难看出until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)” 。
二、 连词until
以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到……时为止)。
1. 用于肯定句中:
1) Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.热可以从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体,直到两者温度相同为止。
2) Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。
3) He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。
不难看出,作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。
2. 用于否定句中:
1) I hadn"t realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。
2) I won"t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我,我就一直喊叫。
3) Among the great mathematicians there are about as many who showed mathematical talents in childhood as there are those who showed none at all until they are older. 在伟大的数学家中,童年就显露数学才华的人和直到相当年龄才显露才华的人差不多一样多。
一、not until的倒装与强调结构
1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:
①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
2.not untild 强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为:
③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.
It is not until 8 o”clock that he didn·t do homework
他直到8点才写作业
二、till和until的区别
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句:
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let"s get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:
She didn"t arrive until 6 o"clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don"t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn"t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
楼层: 2
[思路分析]
它有介词和连词两种用法。
我们经常使用not...until:直到。。。才。例如:
She didn"t go to bed until her mother came back.直到她的妈妈回来她才上床。
[解题过程]
until
介词
1.(=to the time of)直到...时, 到...为止
2.[常用在否定句中](=before)在...以前; 直到...才; 不到...(不)
until his death
直到他死
until four o"clock
直到四点钟
He did not go until night.
他直到夜里才走。
It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.
直到昨天我才注意到这件事。
until
连词
1.(=up to the time when)到...时为止; 直到...时
2.[用在否定句中](=before)在...以前; 不到...(不)
3.直到...地方; 直到...程度
I will wait here until the concert is over.
我将一直在这儿等到音乐会结束。
Until he returns, nothing can be done.
他不回来什么也不能做。
Go straight on until you come to a large building.
一直往前走, 直到你走到一座大楼。
【说明】till与until同义, 但在主句前的从句或短语中, 通常用until。例如:
Until then, I knew nothing at all about it.
在那时以前, 我对这事一无所知。
(一)、when,while都有“当……时候”的意思。
when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间 。
在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。
例如:
1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?
老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?
3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
(二)、while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。
例如:
1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。
2、You can"t do your homework while you"re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
(三)、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
例如:
1、While they were talking , the bell rang.
正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。
2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作
注意:
1) 如主句谓语动词表示的是短暂动作,从句时间状语指一段时间,when while as 三者可通用。
例如:
Peter came in while /as I was watching TV.当Peter进来的时候我正在看电视。
I was watching TV when Peter came in. 当Peter进来时我正在看电视。
2) as 和 when 可与非延续性动词连用,而 while 只能与延续性动词连用。
例如:He came in when/ as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。
3) as 和 while可用来指一段时间,但 as 强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生,while强调主句表示的动作是在 while 从句的动作延续中发生。
例如:
As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
I came in while he was reading an interesting book in his room.
while的用法
while 一段时间;当……时(和……同时);却
(1)I”ll be back for a while
(2)He fell asleep while doing homework.
(3)John was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue
连词while大致有以下四种用法:
1.引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;和……同时",此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。如:
Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.玛丽边吃饭边看电视。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。
while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如:
We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.我们边当老师边当学生。
While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes.他年轻时就曾多次获奖。
He caught a cold while(he was) on vacation.他度假时患了感冒。
2.表示对比或转折,意为"而;然而"。此时,while一般位于句中。如:
Some people waste food while others haven"t enough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports, while I prefer music.你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。
3.表示让步,通常位于句首,意为"尽管;虽然"。如:
While I agree with your reasons, I can"t allow it.尽管我同意你的理由,但我不能允许这样做。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。
While (he was) respected, he is not liked.他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。
4.表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。如:
You don"t have to worry while we are here.只要我们在,你就别着急。
There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水,就有生命。
While there is life, there is hope.留得生命在,不怕没希望。
5.意为"同时;也"。如:
While the book is welcomed by schol-
ars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general readers.这本书受到学者的欢迎,同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。
6.意为"趁着"。如:
Make hay while the sun shines.晒草要趁阳光好。(谚)
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(谚)
Since 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词可以分为两大类: 终止性 和持续性/表示状态.
持续性谓语动词
根据其使用的时态不同(一般过去时, 现在完成时), 句子表达了相反的意思.
I haven"t heard from him since he has lived there.
自从他住在那里起, 我就没有听到过他的消息.
I haven"t heard from him since he lived there.
自从他离开那里起, 我就没有听到过他的消息.
我想问关于终止性谓语动词的情况
如果是终止性动词, 从句用了不同的时态(一般过去时, 现在完成时), 句子表达的意思是否一样?
It"s three years since I arrived Beijing.
It"s three years since I have arrived Beijing.
He has had several jobs since he graduated from Yale.
He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.过去完成进行时。表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)
注意事项:A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don"t disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
since作连词,引导时间状语从句时表示“自从。。。。”时:
1. 一般情况下,since从句是用瞬间动词(短暂性动词)的过去式时,主句用现在完成时的,翻译成“某某自从。。。。以来已经。。。了”,如,He has had several jobs since he graduated from Yale. 译成“他自从从耶鲁大学毕业以来已经做了好几份工作。”这里graduate是瞬间动词(短暂性动词)。
2. 而当从句用延续性动词的过去式时,主句仍用现在完成时,但翻译成“某某自从没有。。。。以来已经。。。了”,如,He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale. 可以译成“他自从从耶鲁大学毕业以来已经做了好几份工作。”这里的was是延续性动词,我们在理解、翻译时要在was 后加‘not"。又如 We all have been missing her since she lived her. 这里的lived是延续性动词,因此我们要理解成...since she "doesn"t live" here/since she moved away from here.
since的用法主要有两点:一是表示“自从……以来”,二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义,而不了解其用法,在使用时就会造成错误。例如:I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义,将该句译为:“自从我住在上海以来,就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此,那么正确的含义是什么呢?
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如:
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法,此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如:
I haven"t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约,他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海,就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用,我们不妨再多举几个例子看看:
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开(没住在)上海多久了?
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团(不当团员)半个月了。
It"s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较:He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来,他屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来,他就屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如:
I haven"t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性,时间的起点应从:“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车,我们每年都去野营。
试比较:1. Since I"ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校,我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校,他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来,他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来,他从未来看过我。
由此可见,since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之,前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容,而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法,后者是口语说法。
应注意的是,在这种结构中,since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义,下面两句都错了:
It is a long time since he didn"t study English.
It"s two months since you didn"t come to see me.
正确的说法为:
It"s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven"t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
就这些了,帮不上你的忙了
- max笔记
-
1as soon as
(1)一...就..
eg:I"ll come here as soon as finish the work.
(2)如果..那么早(快)
eg:They didn"t arrive as soon as we had expected.
2.until
一、 介词until
作介词的until 的英文解释是up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)。但注意观察下列句子,我们还可留意到until 在具体运用中的细微之处。
1. 用于肯定句中:
1) It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。
2) He will be working until 5 o"clock. 他将一直工作到五点钟。
3) She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员,战时受训当了护士。
不难看出until 用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。
2. 用于否定句中:
1) The secret was never told until after the old man"s death. 这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。
2) Don"t open it until your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开。
3) She didn"t sleep until eight. 她八点钟才睡觉。
不难看出until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)” 。
二、 连词until
以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到……时为止)。
1. 用于肯定句中:
1) Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.热可以从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体,直到两者温度相同为止。
2) Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。
3) He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。
不难看出,作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。
2. 用于否定句中:
1) I hadn"t realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。
2) I won"t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我,我就一直喊叫。
3) Among the great mathematicians there are about as many who showed mathematical talents in childhood as there are those who showed none at all until they are older. 在伟大的数学家中,童年就显露数学才华的人和直到相当年龄才显露才华的人差不多一样多。
不难看出,作连词的until用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。
3.while
一、 while 用作名词时,意为“一段时间,一会儿”。
二、 while 用作连词时,有以下几种含义:
1. 意为“当……时候,和……同时”,引导时间状语从句。
三、 while 引导状语从句时,应注意以下几点:
1. while 引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。
4. while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时,另一个动作也在进行之中”。
4.when
when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别
when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。
④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。
②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。
3.当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时,as常表示“随着……”;“一边……,一边……”之意。
① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“随着……”之意)
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫。
4.在将来时从句中,常用when,且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指过去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门,电话就响了。
5.since
since的用法主要有两点:一是表示“自从……以来”,二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义,而不了解其用法,在使用时就会造成错误。例如:I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义,将该句译为:“自从我住在上海以来,就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此,那么正确的含义是什么呢?
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如:
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法,此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如:
I haven"t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约,他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海,就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用,我们不妨再多举几个例子看看:
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开(没住在)上海多久了?
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团(不当团员)半个月了。
It"s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较:He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来,他屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来,他就屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如:
I haven"t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性,时间的起点应从:“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车,我们每年都去野营。
试比较:1. Since I"ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校,我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校,他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来,他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来,他从未来看过我。
由此可见,since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之,前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容,而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法,后者是口语说法。
应注意的是,在这种结构中,since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义,下面两句都错了:
It is a long time since he didn"t study English.
It"s two months since you didn"t come to see me.
正确的说法为:
It"s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven"t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了
- 北境漫步
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4.什么时候