"呼吁"用英文怎么写?

apeal

1、词性不同：appeal作为名词时，是呼吁，恳求的意思。attract大多时候只是作为及物动词使用的。draw只做及物动词。2、意思不同：appeal作为不及物动词时为呼吁，attract意思为吸引，引起注意，兴趣。draw意思是画，用铅笔、钢笔或粉笔描绘。

不定式在句子里可以做许多成分,有主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和补足语.详细用法如下：分词有三种结构,分别是to do,doing,done.当作主语时,to do与doing没有太大区别.to do强调偶然/一次性动作,doing强调经常性动作.而done不能做主语/宾语作宾语时,要看搭配的动词,有些动词+to do,而有些动词加doing.to do,doing,done都能做定语,to do表示将要发生,doing强调正在发生或不强调时间,而done强调已经发生或不强调时间.（done只表示被动）作状语的用法和做定语的用法差不多,区别还是一样.例：used as a good vehicle,bicycle is popular.(不强调时间先后）being used by me now,the bike can"t be lent to you.(强调同时发生）having been told by me many times,he still can"t understand me.(强调从句在主句之前发生）to do也做目的状语,做结果状语时一般在前面加only,表示出乎意料的结果,而表示情理之中的结果时用doing.

appealing气质上。attractive面貌上。

From your parents you learn love and laughter and

vfgftrtydeertfr

be thirsty for

所谓双解词典，是一个英文单词，用英文解释一遍意思，再用中文解释一遍意思；如果想通过中文查英文，需要一本汉英词典。

reason的用法与搭配如下：用法：1、reason用于事情可指“理由，原因，道理，情理”，用于人可指“理智，理性，思维能力，推理能力”。2、reason后常可接动词不定式或for引导的短语或从句作定语，引导从句的why在口语中常省略。3、reason作主语时，可接that引导的从句作表语。4、reason的基本意思是根据事实作出判断或推理，强调连续的逻辑思考，以某个假设的前提、某个确定的数据或证据开始，作出推论。引申可指“争辩”。5、reason既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，通常接that从句作宾语。6、reason可接介词into，表示“说服某人做某事”；接out of表示“说服某人放弃某事”；接out表示“推断出”；接with表示“说服，规劝”。短语搭配：1、by reason of：由于；因为。2、rule of reason：合理原则；合理规则；合理性原则。3、Appeal to Reason：诉诸理性；唱片名。双语例句1、I know the reason why he was late.我知道他迟到的原因。2、I tried to reason with the elderly man to move away from the village.我尝试说服这位年迈的男人搬离村庄。3、I need more clues to reason this mystery out.我需要更多的线索来解开这个谜。

综述：呼吁某人做某事：call on sb to do；appeal to sb (to do sth)。英语：英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗的海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语系语言的影响，尤其是北欧语，并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。

楼主 我都看不懂你在说什么 好乱啊

As is often the case翻译成中文之后，它的意思就是：这是常有的事

一：表示相对，针对be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to二：表示对比，比较1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介 词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三: 表示修饰关系1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会 The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People"s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to ……..5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Let"s drink to Dick"s success in business8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation toparty, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste（一）：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness.（二）：表示反对和赞同。1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suitto,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesn"t fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses.3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. We"re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.五: 表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He"s liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views.七: 表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He"s confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.九: 表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.十: 表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises十一: 表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.十三: 表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his.十四: 表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century.十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I don"t like wool next to my skin.十六: 表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.十七: 表示有关注,关于: as to,with regard to十八: 表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training.十九: 表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today"s newspaper,the match will be postponed. The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to heir economic importance.二十: 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如: It"s time to get up. We are supposed to get here at seven. It"s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.常用词组respond to（反应）, appeal to（吸引）, catch on to（理解）, listen to （收听）,used to（过去常常）, give birth to,attend to（照料）, see to（负责）, be entitled to（有权）, belong to（属于）, come to（苏醒）, stand up to（勇敢面对）, help oneself to（请自便）, refer to,to the point（切题）, Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard. The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim. You will catch on to the job shortly after wards. People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.

to 是表示一种方向的 for 是为了。。 表示目的of 是表示所以权的 XX。。。的。。

以前上学的时候老师也给总结过to的用法，印象中是很简单的几句口诀．这么多年都忘光了．英语字典后面应该有这方面的内容．下面是我在网上查到的，借来发给你，看有没有帮助一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to Air is indispensable to life. Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. This injection will make you immune to infection 二：表示对比，比较 1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 三:表示修饰关系 1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会 The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利 4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People"s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister 5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to …….. 6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage. 8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Let"s drink to Dick"s success in business 9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school 四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste 五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He"s liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views. 七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He"s confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 十:表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his. 十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century. 十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I don"t like wool next to my ski十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to 十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training. 二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today"s newspaper,the match will be postponed. The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance. 二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如: It"s time to get up. We are supposed to get here at seven. It"s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons. 二十二：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness. 二十三：表示反对和赞同。 1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesn"t fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses. 3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. We"re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 常用词组 respond to（反应）,appeal to（吸引）,catch on to（理解）,listen to（收听）,used to（过去常常）,give birth to,attend to（照料）,see to（负责）,be entitled to（有权）,belong to（属于）,come to（苏醒）,stand up to（勇敢面对）,help oneself to（请自便）,refer to,to the point（切题）, Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard. The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel. See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim. You will catch on to the job shortly after wards. People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news有什么不懂就问吧

呼吁:[hūyù]1.callon2.appeal3.appeal(to)例句与用法:1.这位人道主义科学家呼吁改善穷人的生活条件。thehumanitarianscientistcalledontheimprovementofthepoor"slivingcondition.2.警方呼吁目击者挺身而出。policehaveappealedforwitnessestocomeforward.3.千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊.millionsofpeoplegavefreelyinresponsetothefamineappeal.4.警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌.thepoliceappealedtothecrowdnottopanic.

呼吁:[ hū yù ] 1.call on 2.appeal 3.appeal (to) 例句与用法: 1.这位人道主义科学家呼吁改善穷人的生活条件. The humanitarian scientist called on the improvement of the poor"s living condition. 2.警方呼吁目击者挺身而出. Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward. 3.千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊. Millions of people gave freely in response to the famine appeal. 4.警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌. The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.

呼吁:[ hū yù ] 1.call on 2.appeal 3.appeal (to) 例句与用法: 1.这位人道主义科学家呼吁改善穷人的生活条件. The humanitarian scientist called on the improvement of the poor"s living condition. 2.警方呼吁目击者挺身而出. Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward. 3.千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊. Millions of people gave freely in response to the famine appeal. 4.警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌. The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.

　　apologize有道歉;赔罪等意思，那么你知道apologize的用法吗?下面跟着我一起来学习apologize的用法和 短语 例句吧，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 　 　apologize的用法 　　apologize的用法1：apologize的意思是因做事不周或不当而表示歉意。可指提出掩饰性的情况，以免见怪;也可指坦率承认错误，以作弥补。 　　apologize的用法2：apologize通常用作不及物动词,表示“向某人道歉”,接to sb; 表示“因某事道歉”,接for sth; 表示“因某事向某人道歉”,则接to sb for sth。 　　apologize的用法3：apologize也可接that从句,这时用作及物动词,意思是“道歉说u2026”。apologize还可引出直接引语。 　　apologize的用法4：apologize在英式英语中也常写作apologise。 　 　apologize的常用短语 　　apologize for (v.+prep.) 　　为u2026道歉,替u2026道歉 say that one is sorry about (sth or doing sth) 　　apologize for sb/sth 　　Mrs. Moss apologized for her husband.莫斯太太替她丈夫表示歉意。 　　apologize for v-ing 　　I apologized for stepping on her toes.我因踩了她的脚趾而向她道歉。 　　apologize to (v.+prep.) 　　向某人道歉 say that one is sorry to (sb) 　　apologize to sb 　　You must apologize to your sister.你必须向你姐姐道歉。 　　apologize to sb for sth/v-ing/wh-clause 　　He apologized to her for the delay in replying to a letter.他因没有及早回信而向她表示歉意。 　　apologize的用法例句 　　1. We apologize for any inconvenience caused during the repairs. 　　我们为维修期间造成的任何不便道歉。 　　2. Well, for Heaven"s sake, you don"t need to apologize. 　　噢,看在上天的份上,你不用道歉. 　　3. Beryl came round this morning to apologize. 　　贝丽尔今天上午来登门道歉了。 　　4. I"d like to apologize. 　　我想道歉。 　　5. Why should I apologize? 　　我为什么要道歉? 　　6. It was galling to have to apologize to a man she hated. 　　令人恼火的是得向她憎恶的男人道歉。 　　7. We apologize for the delay and regret any inconvenience it may have caused. 　　我们对此次延误以及因此有可能造成的所有不便表示道歉。 　　8. They ought to apologize. 　　他们应该道歉。 　　9. We apologize unreservedly for any offence we have caused. 　　若有得罪，我们深表歉意。 　　10. At least Jeremy had the good form to go back and apologize. 　　杰里米回去道歉至少是有礼貌的举动. 　　11. You must apologize to her for having kept her waiting. 　　让她等了这么久,你应该为此向她表示歉意. 　　12. I must apologize for the dreadful mistake I made. 　　我为我所犯的严重错误深表歉意. 　　13. He had the grace to apologize to me for the insulting remark. 　　由于说话失礼,他通情达理地向我道了歉. 　　14. I must apologize for the untidy state of the room. 　　屋子这么不整洁,实在抱歉. 　　15. I have come to apologize to you. 　　我是来向你道歉的. 猜你喜欢： 1. appeal的用法和短语例句 2. apologize吉他弹唱谱精选合集 3. apologize同义词 4. apologize中文歌词翻译 5. apologize中文歌词 6. 道歉的英文短语

一：表示相对，针对 　　be strange （common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable）to 　　Air is indispensable to life. 　　Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. 　　This injection will make you immune to infection. 　　二：表示对比，比较 　　1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior 　　The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 　　2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous 　　A is similar to B in many ways. 　　3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory 　　Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 　　4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to 　　compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: 　　World is usually compared to a stage 　　Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. 　　Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介 　　词to就要改成rather than ,如: 　　The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. 　　Many people prefer spending money to earning money. 　　They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 　　5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative 　　Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 　　三: 表示修饰关系 　　1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, 　　solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 　　2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path 　　the approach to a bridge引桥 　　the approach to science 　　Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. 　　The access to education 接受教育的机会 　　The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利 　　3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to 　　throne,deputy to the National People"s Congress 　　advisor to the Prime Minister 　　4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission 　　The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. 　　Everyone has an equal right to ………… 　　5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 　　6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage. 　　7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: 　　The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. 　　Let"s drink to Dick"s success in business 　　8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school 　　四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste 　　（一）：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant t Investigate all the facts related to the problem. 　　People often linked walth to happiness. 　　（二）：表示反对和赞同。 　　1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to 　　These buildings are resistant to earthquake. 　　They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 　　2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to, 　　The employer consented to give him a salary raise. 　　表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to 　　She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. 　　Your action should conform to the interests of the people. 　　They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. 　　His words doesn"t fit to his actions. 　　Suit your writing style to the masses. 　　3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to. 　　The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 　　Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. 　　He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. 　　We"re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 　　五: 表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to 　　He"s liable to seasickness. 　　You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 　　六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to 　　He still holds on to his original views. 　　七: 表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to 　　He"s confined to the house by illness. 　　He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 　　八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get （be） to,used to,be accustomed to 　　Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 　　九: 表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to 　　The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. 　　The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 　　十: 表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to 　　I aim to be an excellent college teacher. 　　His conceit lead to his failure. 　　These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 　　十一: 表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, 　　All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 　　十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to 　　In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. 　　The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 　　十三: 表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to 　　He is determined to devote all his life to his. 　　十四: 表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to 　　The church dates back to the 13th century. 　　十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to 　　I don"t like wool next to my skin. 　　十六: 表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, 　　He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 　　十七: 表示有关注,关于: as to,with regard to 　　十八: 表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, 　　We should attach primary importance to job training. 　　十九: 表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to 　　According to today"s newspaper,the match will be postponed. 　　The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to heir economic importance. 　　二十: 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如: 　　It"s time to get up. 　　We are supposed to get here at seven. 　　It"s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons. 　　常用词组 　　respond to（反应）, appeal to（吸引）, catch on to（理解）, listen to （收听）,used to（过去常常）, give birth to,attend to（照料）, see to（负责）, be entitled to（有权）, belong to（属于）, come to（苏醒）, stand up to（勇敢面对）, help oneself to（请自便）, refer to,to the point（切题）, 　　Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard. 　　The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel. 　　See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim. 　　You will catch on to the job shortly after wards. 　　People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.

of 强调本身 例如：he is so kind of helping me. for 强调外在 例如：it"s good for you to help me. with强调伴随 例如：With your help,I finished the work in the end. to多半强调方向,对于 例如：He shouted to her angrily. to作为介词有很多相关搭配 如：belong to be used to stick to contribute to refer to prefer to look up to lead to be close to look forward to turn to adapt to add up to appeal to object to . in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间： 1.I live in London.我住在伦敦.(大城市用in) 2.I live in England,at London.我住在英国伦敦.(England大过London喔) 3.I live in a big city,my sister lives at a small town.我住在大城市,我 姐姐住在一个小市镇.(如果把city看做一个圆圈,small town就成一个点.因此就in a city,at a small town. 4.We have a meeting in Beijing.我们有北京有一个会议. 5.Mars is in the Solar System.火星在太阳系里. 6.in a car 乘汽车 (不是 on a car 也不是 by a car 喔) 7.in a taxi 乘的士 (不是 on a taxi 或 by a taxi ) 8.in a helicopter 乘直升机 9.in a boat 乘小船 10.in a lift (elevator) 乘电梯 (电梯像个笼子,当然要用 in 啦) 11.in the newspaper 在报上 12.in the sky 在空中 13.in the bed 在床上 (也可用 on the bed) 14.in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝室/课室/图书馆/学校

介词一般都没有实际的意义，to后面可以跟动词原形，构成动词不定式，通常表达主语的意愿和目的；to后也可以加名次，也表示目的地的方向，可以理解成“到”。

没什么实质的意义，介词to的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…， belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯， get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。 b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb. announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。 c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb. add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to be alive to觉察；晓得, be attentive to注意；留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反；反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有…的力量, be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害, be important to对…重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近, be necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to习惯。 3.to+名词构成的词组 to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one"s feet跳起来，to one"s mind照…看来, to one"s surprise使…吃惊,to one"s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6fc291d049649b6648d74742.html

一、while用作名词时，意为“一段时间，一会儿”。例如：Istayedthereforashortwhile.二、while用作连词时，有以下几种含义：1.意为“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。例如：WhileIwaswatchingTV，thebellrang.（我看电视时，铃响了。）2.意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。例如：Whileitwaslate，hewentonworking.（虽然很晚了，但他还在继续工作。）3.连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。例如：Hewentoutforawalk，whileIstayedathome.（他出去散步了，而我却呆在家里。）三、while引导状语从句时，应注意以下几点：1.while引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末；而while引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首，不放在句末。另外，也可以从意义上加以区分。例如：Whilehewastired，hewentonworking.（虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。）（while引导让步状语从句）Whilehewastired，hewouldhavearest.（他累了就休息一会儿。）（while引导时间状语从句）2.while引导让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。例如：Whilehewasill，hewentthere.（=Whileill，hewentthere.）（虽然他有病，但他还是去那里了。）3.while和when都可以引导时间状语从句，但应注意：while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词；而when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，while和when可以互相替换。例如：Whileweweretalking，theteachercamein.（我们正在谈话时，老师进来了。）（have是延续性动词，因此，句中的when可以用while替换。）4.while引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中”。例如：Whiletheteacherwasspeaking，thestudentswerelistening.（老师讲课时，学生们在听。）Whilehewaswriting，Iwasreading.

-- 介词的用法to的用法归纳一：表示相对，针对be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) toAir is indispensable to life.Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.This injection will make you immune to infection.二：表示对比，比较1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,juniorThe quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogousA is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatorySubsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:World is usually compared to a stageCompared with his past,he has changed a lot.Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如:The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.Many people prefer spending money to earning money.They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternativeGoing to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三:表示修饰关系1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,paththe approach to a bridge引桥the approach to scienceHalf of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.The access to education 接受教育的机会The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People"s Congressadvisor to the Prime Minister5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admissionThe employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.Everyone has an equal right to ……..6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.Let"s drink to Dick"s success in business9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party,guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste一：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link toInvestigate all the facts related to the problem.People often linked walth to happiness.二：表示反对和赞同。1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline toThese buildings are resistant to earthquake.They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to,The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater toShe tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.Your action should conform to the interests of the people.They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.His words doesn"t fit to his actions.Suit your writing style to the masses.3:表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.We"re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable toHe"s liable to seasickness.You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling toHe still holds on to his original views.七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict toHe"s confined to the house by illness.He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed toFinally,the students got used to my teaching method.十:表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down toThe flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise toI aim to be an excellent college teacher.His conceit lead to his failure.These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount toIn addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit toHe is determined to devote all his life to his.十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back toThe church dates back to the 13th century.十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next toI don"t like wool next to my skin.十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to,We should attach primary importance to job training.二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion toAccording to today"s newspaper,the match will be postponed.The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如:It"s time to get up.We are supposed to get here at seven.It"s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.常用词组respond to（反应）,appeal to（吸引）,catch on to（理解）,listen to（收听）,used to（过去常常）,give birth to,attend to（照料）,see to（负责）,be entitled to（有权）,belong to（属于）,come to（苏醒）,stand up to（勇敢面对）,help oneself to（请自便）,refer to,to the point（切题）,Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard.The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.See to it that the children get a hot meal after theirm.You will catch on to the job shortly after wards.People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.

一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to Air is indispensable to life. Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation. This injection will make you immune to infection. 二：表示对比，比较 1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage Compared with his past,he has changed a lot. Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介 词to就要改成rather than ,如: The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. Many people prefer spending money to earning money. They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三: 表示修饰关系 1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter 2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path the approach to a bridge引桥 the approach to science Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会 The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利 3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People"s Congress advisor to the Prime Minister 4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. Everyone has an equal right to …….. 5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress 6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage. 7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如: The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. Let"s drink to Dick"s success in business 8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste （一）：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to Investigate all the facts related to the problem. People often linked walth to happiness. （二）：表示反对和赞同。1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake. They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to, The employer consented to give him a salary raise. 表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. Your action should conform to the interests of the people. They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. His words doesn"t fit to his actions. Suit your writing style to the masses. 3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to. The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数 Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. We"re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 五: 表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He"s liable to seasickness. You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to He still holds on to his original views. 七: 表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to He"s confined to the house by illness. He confined his remarks to scientific mangement. 八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 九: 表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 十: 表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to I aim to be an excellent college teacher. His conceit lead to his failure. These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十一: 表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to, All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money. The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 十三: 表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to He is determined to devote all his life to his. 十四: 表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to The church dates back to the 13th century.十五: 表示方位概念.如:close to,next to I don"t like wool next to my skin. 十六: 表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to, He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 十七: 表示有关注,关于: as to,with regard to 十八: 表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to, We should attach primary importance to job training. 十九: 表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to According to today"s newspaper,the match will be postponed. The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to heir economic importance. 二十: 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如: It"s time to get up. We are supposed to get here at seven. It"s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons. 常用词组 respond to（反应）, appeal to（吸引）, catch on to（理解）, listen to （收听）,used to（过去常常）, give birth to,attend to（照料）, see to（负责）, be entitled to（有权）, belong to（属于）, come to（苏醒）, stand up to（勇敢面对）, help oneself to（请自便）, refer to,to the point（切题）, Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard. The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel. See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim. You will catch on to the job shortly after wards. People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.

苹果用in，鸟儿用on

4.什么时候

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法1.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反：条件从句 结果从句 if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式 i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形与过去事实相反：if i(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词 i(we) should/you would/they would+have+过 去分词与将来事实可能： if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式/were to i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形相反 /should例句：1与现实事实相反：I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had time,I would certainly come to see you. 很抱歉，我很忙。如果有时间，我一定去看你了。2与过去事实相反：If I had not been for your help,I wouldn"t have finished the work so easily. 如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯那样的错误了。3与将来事实相反：If it rained(were to rain /should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1、在以it为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用should be 型或be型虚拟式，在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如：It"s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。2、主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态，常用在it is (was)desired (suggested,settled,proposed,recommended,requested ,decided,etc)that...句型中如：It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.四、虚拟语气在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式 一、表示“好像”：除了if条件从句外，由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反 二、特殊连词的需要：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形) He"s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。) 三、介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设 He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。) 2) But for his help，I . 〔A〕 should not have succeeded 3) The complex society of a modern 〔C〕 the art of writing 4) But that he came to help me, I . 〔A〕 could not have succeeded III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况 一、在wish的宾语从句中 1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反 She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) 2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用would＋动词原形 I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) 3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时 二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类 1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句 suggest(建议)， propose (提议)， recommend(建议)， move (提议)， advise(建议)， insist(坚持)， urge(极力主张)， ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算)， prefer(宁愿)， urge(敦促)。 When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。) 2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时，这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should ＋ 动词原形”或省略should，只用动词原形 it is necessary 【 essential (重要的)， vital(极重要的，不可缺少的)，important,imperative(必须的)，urgent(紧要的)，advisable(应该的)，proper(适当的)，obligatory (必须的)，desirable(今人满意的，值得的)，appropriate(合适的)，fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … . 3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should。这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence，suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议), resolution(决定，决议) 4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 5. 另外，在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装 If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。) Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。) 但如果把引导词去掉，我们就要用倒装句，如上述几句可变为 Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. 三、it is (high) time， 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气 It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。) It is high time that this wrong spending .此外，还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构，一般表示愿望，如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实，或是不可能发生的事情，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。 一、在宾语从句中 1．当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire""等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如： I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight．我建议我们今晚开个会。 另外，当主句动词为“ask，move，urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时，其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如： I move that the money be used for books． 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。 2．当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……该多好叼”之意时，其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。 ①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were，但有时也可用was)。例如： 1 wish l remembered his address．我要是记住他的地址就好了。 有时；为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作，从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如： 1 wish it wasn"t raining．要是天不下雨就好 了。 ②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如： We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation．我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。 He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。 ③情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如： We wish he could come．我们希望他能来。 3．在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution．我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。 4．在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。 ①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如： I"d rather you went home now．我宁愿让你现在就回家。 ②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。 例如： I"d rather you hadn"t done that．我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。 二、在主语从句中 1．在句型“h is／was+过去分词+that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged""等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party．请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。 2．在句型“h is／Was+形容词+that从句”中，当形容词为“important,necessary，strange，natural""等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。 3．在句型“h is／was+名词+that从句” 中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder"等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。 三、在同位语从句或表语从句中 在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan，order,advice""等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如： I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句) My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference．我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句) 四、在定语从句中 在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。 例如： h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home．我们该回家了。 五、在状语从句中 1．在假设条件句的if条件从句中 假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构： ①与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。例如： If 1 were you，I shouldn"t do that．如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。 ②与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如： 1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number．如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。 ③表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／should+动词原形”。例如： If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。 注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had""时，可省去if而将“were，should，had""置于句首，构成倒装句。例如： Were l in your position，1 would go．如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。 2．在目的状语从句中 ①在由lest 和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如： He ran away lest he(should)be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。 in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。例如： Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold．带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。 ②在由“so that…”和“in order that…” 引导的目的从句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。例如： she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。 ③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may／might／would)。例如： He worked hard for fear that he should fail．他努力学习，害怕考试不及格。 3．在方式状语从句中 由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相 反；如果是BE动词，则用were；②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如： She loves the child as i厂he were her own．她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。 (实际上不是她亲生的孩子) Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn"t exist．他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过，就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的) 4．在原因状语从句中 在“I"m sorry that．—／We were surprised that一．／They were disappointed that．．．”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中，用“should十动词原形”。例如： I"m sorry that he should be in such poor health．他的身体这么差让我很难过。 上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气，但这仅表示所叙述的是事实，而不表示讲话人的情

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法1.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反：条件从句 结果从句if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式 i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形与过去事实相反：if i(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词 i(we) should/you would/they would+have+过 去分词与将来事实可能： if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式/were to i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形相反 /should例句：1与现实事实相反：I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had time,I would certainly come to see you.很抱歉，我很忙。如果有时间，我一定去看你了。2与过去事实相反：If I had not been for your help,I wouldn"t have finished the work so easily.如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯那样的错误了。3与将来事实相反：If it rained(were to rain /should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1、在以it为形式主语的复合句中，虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等，谓语动词用should be 型或be型虚拟式，在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如：It"s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。2、主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态，常用在it is (was)desired (suggested,settled,proposed,recommended,requested ,decided,etc)that...句型中如：It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.四、虚拟语气在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式 一、表示“好像”：除了if条件从句外，由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反 二、特殊连词的需要：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should＋加动词原形)He"s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)三、介词短语表示虚拟： 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设 He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。) 2) But for his help，I . 〔A〕 should not have succeeded3) The complex society of a modern 〔C〕 the art of writing 4) But that he came to help me, I . 〔A〕 could not have succeededIII 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况 一、在wish的宾语从句中 1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反 She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) 2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用would＋动词原形 I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) 3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时 二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中：一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类 1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句 suggest(建议)， propose (提议)， recommend(建议)， move (提议)， advise(建议)， insist(坚持)， urge(极力主张)， ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算)， prefer(宁愿)， urge(敦促)。 When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时，这时宾语从句一般用it来代替)：这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should ＋ 动词原形”或省略should，只用动词原形it is necessary 【 essential (重要的)， vital(极重要的，不可缺少的)，important,imperative(必须的)，urgent(紧要的)，advisable(应该的)，proper(适当的)，obligatory (必须的)，desirable(今人满意的，值得的)，appropriate(合适的)，fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…； it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形或省略should。这类词有：order, request, requiremetn, insistence，suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议), resolution(决定，决议)4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。5. 另外，在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)但如果把引导词去掉，我们就要用倒装句，如上述几句可变为Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.三、it is (high) time， 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)It is high time that this wrong spending .此外，还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构，一般表示愿望，如： If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实，或是不可能发生的事情，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。一、在宾语从句中1．当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire""等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如：I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight．我建议我们今晚开个会。另外，当主句动词为“ask，move，urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时，其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如：I move that the money be used for books． 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。2．当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……该多好叼”之意时，其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were，但有时也可用was)。例如：1 wish l remembered his address．我要是记住他的地址就好了。有时；为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作，从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如：1 wish it wasn"t raining．要是天不下雨就好了。②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如：We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation．我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。③情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如：We wish he could come．我们希望他能来。3．在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution．我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。4．在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如：I"d rather you went home now．我宁愿让你现在就回家。②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。例如：I"d rather you hadn"t done that．我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。二、在主语从句中1．在句型“h is／was+过去分词+that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged""等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party．请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。2．在句型“h is／Was+形容词+that从句”中，当形容词为“important,necessary，strange，natural""等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。3．在句型“h is／was+名词+that从句” 中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder"等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。三、在同位语从句或表语从句中在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan，order,advice""等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference．我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)四、在定语从句中在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。例如：h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home．我们该回家了。五、在状语从句中1．在假设条件句的if条件从句中假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构：①与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。例如：If 1 were you，I shouldn"t do that．如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。②与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如：1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number．如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。③表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／should+动词原形”。例如：If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had""时，可省去if而将“were，should，had""置于句首，构成倒装句。例如：Were l in your position，1 would go．如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。2．在目的状语从句中①在由lest和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如：He ran away lest he(should)be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。例如：Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold．带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”引导的目的从句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。例如：she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may／might／would)。例如：He worked hard for fear that he should fail．他努力学习，害怕考试不及格。3．在方式状语从句中由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相反；如果是BE动词，则用were；②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如：She loves the child as i厂he were her own．她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn"t exist．他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过，就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)4．在原因状语从句中在“I"m sorry that．—／We were surprised that一．／They were disappointed that．．．”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中，用“should十动词原形”。例如：I"m sorry that he should be in such poor health．他的身体这么差让我很难过。上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气，但这仅表示所叙述的是事实，而不表示说话人的情绪

　　单词“so”，这个单词虽短，也很常见，但要真正掌握它的用法，还着实不易，因为它词意丰富，搭配众多，且词性诡异，在SAT语法考试部分，其出镜率很高，新东方上海学校VIP学习中心SAT团队的老师提醒各位考生千万不能小觑它，一定要掌握好每一个含义和搭配的用法，在考试中才不会被“陷阱”迷惑。 　　一、“so”作为连词 　　1. 释义：for that reason;and therefore 　　例句：There are no more chairs available, so you"ll have to stand. 　　1. The problem of copyright violation, frequently compounded in certain countries because the sale and use of copyrighted materials are not tightly controlled. (OG：第八套题) 　　A. violation, frequently compounded in certain countries because 　　B. violation, frequently compounded in certain countries and 　　C. violation, frequently compounded in certain countries when 　　D. violation is frequently compounded in certain countries where 　　E. violation is frequently compounded in certain countries so 　　此题的考点是不完整句，谓语动词部分缺少了用于构成被动语态的助动词is，当答案范围圈定D和E时，就需要从where和so来下手了。通读题干，我们知道这里应该是因果关系，所以选择E。 　　2. 释义：used to say the reason for something 　　例句：Please be quiet so I can study. 　　此时也可以使用so that：I"ll get a map so that we can plan where to go. 　　2. My mother always gave my sister and I (A) the same treats when we were little so that (B) neither of us would be (C) jealous of the other (D) . No error (E) (真题：09年10月) 　　此题的考点是代词的格，答案为A。在这道题目中，so that是一个从属连词，表示“以便”。 　　二、“so”作为副词 　　1. 释义：used when you are emphasizing a fact by saying what the result of it is 　　例句：She was so tired that she almost fell asleep at the dinner table. 　　这就是大名鼎鼎的so...that句型，在SAT语法考试中屡屡出现哦! 　　3. The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to where no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task. (真题：06年10月) 　　A. budget to where 　　B. budget, therefore 　　C. budget, even 　　D. budget as 　　E. budget that 　　此题答案为E，so...that表达了正确的语义逻辑。 　　2. 释义：and so=and therefore 　　例句：Madeira has an ideal climate, and so it is not surprising that it has become a tourist paradise. 　　有的同学只知道so是连词，因此看到and so的时候，会觉得是两个连词一起使用，任务是错误用法。其实在and so这个搭配中，and是连词，so是副词。请看题： 　　4. Fabric was very expensive in the United States before the Industrial Revolution, this is why scraps were saved and recycled into such items as patchwork quilts and doll clothes. (真题：09年1月) 　　A. Revolution, this is why 　　B. Revolution, this explains why 　　C. Revolution, and so 　　D. Revolution and so that 　　E. Revolution; resulting in 　　此题答案为C，and so改正了原文连写句的错误。 　　3. so...as to：used when you are emphasizing a fact by saying what the result of it is 　　这个结构也表示“如此...以至于”，只不过后面要加动词原形。请看题： 　　5. Cuban music was so popular in (A) the Colombian city of Cali thus becoming (B) the basis for (C) the dance scene that predominated (D) there during the 1940s. No error (E) (真题：10年1月) 　　此题答案为B，应该为as to become，以与前面的so构成搭配。 　　4. 同级比较的否定结构中：not so...as 　　大家都知道，as...as...表示是同级比较的肯定形式，在否定句中，前一个as可以换成so，这一点在SAT语法考试中也经常考察。请看题： 　　6. The director valued the actor not so much for his broad commercial appeal but because he approached every role with passion and intelligence. (真题：08年5月) 　　(A) but because he approached every role with passion and intelligence 　　(B) but because of his approaching every role with passion and intelligence 　　(D) but for being passionate and intelligent in approaching every role 　　(D) as for him approaching every role passionately and intelligently 　　(E) as for his passionate and intelligent approach to every role 　　此题答案为E，as与句中的not so构成比较结构，as后的for与not so后面的for构成平行。 　　5. (just) as ... so ...：formal used to compare two people or things, when they are similar 　　例句：Just as the French love their wine, so the English love their beer. 　　这个结构在SAT语法考试中出现了多次，如下面这道题： 　　7. Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. (OG：第七套题) 　　(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects 　　(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers 　　(C) Finlandu2019s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number 　　(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided 　　(E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects 　　此题答案为A。很多人以为just as是一个连词，so也是连词，不能在一起使用，其实是可以的。

urgent[ 5E:dVEnt ]adj.急迫的, 紧急的emergency[ i5mE:dVnsi ]n.紧急情况, 突然事件, 非常时刻, 紧急事件一个是形容词，一个是名词

叹服 坏孩子

按建筑形式分类（1）独立别墅：即独门独院，私密性极强的单体别墅，这一类型是别墅历史最悠久的一种，也是别墅建筑的最终形式。（2）TOWNHOUSE：联排别墅，有天有地，有自己的院子和车库。由三个或三个以上的单元住宅组成，一排二至四层联结在一起，每几个单元共用外墙，有统一的平面设计和独立的门户。Townhouse别墅是目前大多数经济型别墅采取的形式之一。（3）双拼别墅：它是联排队别墅与独栋别墅之间的中间产品，由两个单元的别墅拼联组成的单栋别墅。目前，在美国比较流行的2-PAC别墅是一种双拼别墅。（4）叠加式别墅：它是Townhouse的叠拼式的一种延伸，也有点象复式户型的一种改良，叠加式别墅介于别墅与公寓之间，是由多层的别墅式复式住宅上下叠加在一起组合而成。一般四至七层，由每单元二至三层的别墅户型上下叠加而成，这种开间与联排别墅相比，独立面造型可丰富一些，同时一定程度上克服了联排别墅窄进深的缺点。（5）空中别墅：空中别墅发源于美国，称为“penthouse”即“空中阁楼”，原指位于城市核心地带，高层顶端的豪宅。一般理解是建在公寓或高层建筑顶端具有别墅形态的大型复式住宅。2、按建筑风格分类从建筑形式上看，别墅的外观形状也早已打破地域和国家界限，世界各国优秀的别墅建筑风格在中国的别墅市场上几乎都有所体现。实际上，建筑风格的划分从建筑理论上来说是十分复杂的，但按国内市场上的说法，目前在市场上比较流行的别墅建筑风格大致有：（1）中国传统的园林式风格

外贸纸箱上印的：Qty.gw.nw.meas这几个英文的意思是：1、Qty: 是英文单词quantity的缩写，是数量的意思。2、GW.是英文单词gross weight的缩写，是毛重的意思。3、NW.是英文单词net weight的缩写，是净重的意思。4、Meas是英文单词measurement的缩写，是尺寸的意思。扩展资料：外贸常用术语1、Ex（Point of Origin）（产地交货）又称EXW（Ex Works）EXW是国际贸易术语之一，是指当卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场、工厂或仓库）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货，卖方不办理出口清关手续或将货物装上任何运输工具。2、FOB（Free on Board）（在运输工具上交货）FOB也称“离岸价”，实践中的使用通常为“FOB……港（出发地）按FOB成交，由买方负责派船接运货物，卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内，将货物装上买方指定的船只，并及时通知买方。在实际交易中，买方都会委托卖方来帮助租船定仓，交保险等，也就是准CIF,买方会另行支付给卖方额外费用！货物在装船时越过船舷，风险即由卖方转移至买方。3、C&F（Cost and Freight）（成本加运费）后改为CFR（对外贸易的实际操作中也有很多客人喜欢用CNF来表示C&F,实际上只是把符号&换成N, 意思是一样的)。参考资料来源：百度百科-外贸

主板是945GC，支持英特尔处理器，推荐给你AMD速龙处理器的话，安装不上去根本建议购买一个赛扬E3400，较单核E430提升太多了，然后买个GT240或者HD5670独立显卡，再增加一条1G或者2G的DDR800内存就可以了玩魔兽的话

coldplayuff0ccrisis brownuff0ccry on my shoulder

penthouse pets网络最佳年度宠物阁楼宠物【回答仅供参考】

不清楚，但是，我有个提议，礼拜六晚上的三倍再加上千里香 挂上 保证能升得快

menu 英 ["menjuu02d0] 美 ["mu025bnju] n.菜单饭菜[ 复数 menus ] 菜单;菜谱[亦作 menu card]指菜；菜肴 n【计算机】菜单,选择单,项目选择单；(一系列可供选择的)程序 vt.[口语]编排程序(或节目)： Let me menu the travel schedule for next week. 让我来编下周的旅行安排.

组卷网尊享会员下载试卷不需要付费。组卷网下载免费试卷方法如下：在手机上打开app，在app界面里，点击试卷。然后在试卷界面里，选择免费。接着在免费试卷界面里，点击文档下载就可以下载免费试卷了。

新款“红头思域”亮相，尾翼更大！这才是能叫板跑车的本田现款的本田思域在改款之后就已经成了中国汽车市场上的网红车型，因为曾经有一位南京本田思域车主直接叫板600万以下的跑车，所以当时引起了不小的轰动。因为本田思域这款车作为一款家用车型，确实具备相当强的加速能力，即便是原厂车，也能够将零百加速成绩跑进7~8秒的水平，这在家用紧凑级轿车当中属于相当高的水平了，更何况本田思域的价位本来就不算特别贵。其实普通版本的本田思域叫板跑车完全是不可能的，下面要说的这款本田红头思域才是能够叫板跑车的产品，这款车就是全新的本田思域typer，近日新车型已经开始在海外亮相。这次更新之后的红头思域预计最快可以在2020年上半年上市，新产品确实进行了一些细节改动以及优化。从外观设计方面看，全新的本田思域typer依然采用了本田思域非常典型的造型设计，车头部分最明显的区别就是红色本田车标。这款车的进气格栅尺寸确实不大，不过两侧LED光源进行了新设计，灯珠显然更加密集，点亮之后的眼神也会更加犀利。车辆侧面还是比较典型的两厢设计，而且这次的原厂车型就已经搭载了黑色锻造轮毂，透过轮毂还可以看到大红色刹车卡钳。全新红头思域的车身尾部改变很明显，这次原厂车型的尾翼显然更大，根据设计师的介绍，这套尾翼在高速状态下的实用性会更好，确实可以给整部车提供不错的下压力。因为这款车本来就是前驱车，所以车辆尾部增加下压力之后，对于整部车的稳定性是有提升的。除此之外，车辆尾部的灯光组成也有了一些变化，回旋镖大灯加上高位刹车灯，组成了半包围结构。打开车门之后可以看到这款车的内饰与普通版本思域差别并不是特别大，中控台面上可以看到尺寸并不大的中控屏幕，而驾驶员前方依然采用比较传统的机械仪表。不过车内确实增加了很多红色设计元素，比如方向盘采用了红色真皮拼接，而且这次中控台面上新增了一些碳纤维纹路的装饰面板，这些都是运动感的来源。当然本田思域typer这款车最经典的内饰造型就是圆球形档杆，握持手感相当不错。新款车型预计依然会搭载2.0t涡轮增压发动机，这套发动机的极限输出可以达到235千瓦，基本上已经是2.0升排量发动机的输出极限，而且峰值扭矩可以达到400牛米以上，这样的动力输出对一台小钢炮车型来说是相当乐观的。但是本田思域typer如今已经不是纽北赛道王者，因为最快量产前驱车的世界纪录被雷诺梅甘娜RS车型取代，但是这款更新之后的红头思域依然有实力去叫板百万级别的跑车。问题来了，你觉得新款的红头思域帅吗？欢迎在论区留言，我们一起讨论！关注孔明有惊喜，小编在手随便你！部分图片来源于网络，严禁转载抄袭，欢迎点赞分享。本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者，不代表汽车之家的观点立场。

CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱QTY( Quantity)数量PCS(Pices)（单位，复数）件外贸术语:B组:BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker Adjustment Factor BAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading B/R 买价 Buying RateC组:CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港)CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价C&F(成本加运费):COST AND FREIGHTC&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHTCIF 成本、保险费加运费付至(……指定目的港)CIF 成本，保险加海运费 COST，INSURANCE，FRIGHTCIF(成本运费加保险，俗称"到岸价"):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHTCPT 运费付至(……指定目的港)CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid ToCIP 运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地)CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid ToCY/CY 整柜交货(起点/终点)C.Y. 货柜场 Container YardCY(码头):CONTAINER YARDCFS(场):CARGO FREIGHT STATIONC/D (customs declaration)报关单C.C.(运费到付):COLLECTC.C 运费到付 CollectCNTR NO. (柜号):CONTAINER NUMBERC.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service ChargeC/(CNEE) 收货人 ConsigneeC/O 产地证 Certificate of OriginCAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment FactorCFS 散货仓库 Container Freight StationCFS/CFS 散装交货(起点/终点)CHB 报关行 Customs House BrokerCOMM 商品 CommodityCTNR 柜子 Container折叠 编辑本段 D组(到达)DAF 边境交货(……指定地点)DAF 边境交货 Delivered At FrontierDES 目的港船上交货(……指定目的港)DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex ShipDEQ 目的港码头交货(……指定目的港)DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex QuayDDU 未完税交货(……指定目的地)DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地)DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty PaidDDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery ChargeDL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/P 付款交单 Document Against PaymentDOC (document)文件、单据DOC(文件费):DOCUMENT CHARGEDoc# 文件号码 Document NumberD/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单D/A 承兑交单 Document Against AcceptanceDOZ/DZ(dozen)一打D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order折叠 编辑本段 E组(发货)ECRS:(EMERGENCY COST RECOVERY SURCHARGE)紧急回收成本费。个别船运公司征费。EXW 工厂交货(……指定地点)Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactoryETA(到港日):ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVALETD(开船日):ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERYETC(截关日):ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSINGEBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式，EBS一般是澳洲航线使用， EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用EXP(export)出口EA(each)每个，各EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges折叠 编辑本段 F组FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)FCA 货交承运人 Free CarrierFAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港)FOB 船上交货 Free On BoardFOB (离岸价):FREE ON BOARDFCL(整箱货):FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOADFCL 整柜 Full Container LoadLCL(拼箱货):LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOADFCR (货物接收证明): FORWARDER CARGO RECEIPTFAF 燃油价调整附加费(日本航线专用)FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactorFAC(facsimile)传真Form A ---产地证(贸易公司)F/F 货运代理 Freight ForwarderFAK 各种货品 Freight All KindFAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside ShipFeeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次FEU 40"柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40"FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime CommissionFIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思，指船公司不付装船和卸船费用FIOST条款,指船公司不负责装,卸,平舱,理舱FI是FREE IN的意思，指船公司不付装FO是FREE OUT的意思，同理指船公司不付卸折叠 编辑本段 G组GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncreaseG.W.(gross weight)毛重G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制折叠 编辑本段 H组HB/L(货代提单):HOUSE BILL OF LADINGHBL 子提单 House B/LH/C 代理费 Handling Charge折叠 编辑本段 I组IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用INT(international)国际的INV (invoice)发票IMP(import)进口I/S 内销售 Inside SalesIA 各别调价 Independent Action

我发张图给你吧，包含了40-80的副本地图还有行走及打怪路线，查看的时候另存一下，省的看不清楚说明：按照地图指示直接打就是，50FB直接先打四个祭祀，然后再打毒血妖王，千万别顺序打错了，因为直接打妖王的话会有祭祀陪伴，而打完祭祀再打妖王，就只有妖王一个怪；60副本你就按照路线一个一个打，没有问题；70的副本建议至少100级以上的人去，要强悍一点的血也要厚点；基本血量2000而且要打点抗；怪物大部分都带反噬和高级反噬，法术攻击很猛，血又很厚还带恶魔，尽量带驱散宠去打，80FB的BOSS血厚防高带反噬或者高级反噬，JK打的话暴击+高级反噬，自己5000血很容易被反死，道士血量如果没有足够的血量，非常容易吸血而死，80FB的路线你要注意一下，打完第一个后不要着急进去，从外围打第二个后再点进去

在一些工业现场中，设备长时间运行容易出现故障，为了监控这些设备，通常利用数据采集装置采集他们数据采集运行时的数据并送给PC机，通过运行在PC机上的特定软件对这些数据进行分析，以此判断当前运行设备的状况，进而采取相应措施。当前常用的数据采集装置，在其系统软件设计中，多采用单任务顺序机制。这样就存在系统安全性差的问题。这对于稳定性、实时性要求很高的数据采集装置来说是不允许的，因此有必要引入嵌入式操作系统。下面以μC/OSII为操作系统平台，基于ARM7系列处理器，对一种高性能的数据采集系统开发进行探索。 嵌入式操作系统μC/OSII（Microcontroller Operating System）是专为微控制器系统和软件开发而设计的公开源代码的抢占式实时多任务操作系统内核，是一段微控制器启动后首先执行的背景程序，作为整个系统的框架贯穿系统运行的始终。对于对实时性和稳定性要求很高的数据采集系统来说，引入μC/OSII无疑将大大改善其性能。μC/OSII的特点可以概括为以下几个方面：公开源代码，代码结构清晰、明了，注释详尽，组织有条理，可移植性好，可裁剪，可固化。内核属于抢占式，最多可以管理60个任务。μC/OSII自1992年的第一版（μC/OS）以来已经有好几百个应用，是一个经实践证明好用且稳定可靠的内核。对μC/OSII的研究和应用都很多。 该系统采用了Samsung公司的S3C4510B作为系统与上位机沟通的桥梁，S3C4510B是基于以太网应用系统的高性价比16/32位RISC微控制器，他有如下几个主要特点：硬件方面内含一个由ARM公司设计的16/32位ARM7TDMIRISC处理器核，ARM7TDMI为低功耗、高性能的16/32核，最适合用于对价格及功耗敏感的应用场合。S3C4510B通过在ARM7TDMI核内容基础上扩展一系列完整地通用外围器件。片上资源包括2个带缓冲描述符（bufferdescriptor）的HDLC通道；2个UART通道；2个GDMA通道；2个32位定时器；18个可编程的I/O口。还有中断控制器；DRAM/SDRAM控制器；ROM/SRAM和FLASH控制器；系统管理器；1个内部32位系统总线仲裁器；1个外部存储器控制器等片内的逻辑控制电路。这些为μC/OSII的移植提供了优良的物理资源。软件支持方面他有配套的代码编辑调试环境ADS12和JTAG在线调试功能，使S3C4510B芯片软件可以直接用C编写，这就使μC/OSII的植入成为可能。12位高速A/D转换电路采用AnalogDevices的AD574，该电路输出具有三态锁存功能。预处理电路包括了电流电压互感器、隔离电路和同步采样电路，他可以将信号转换成与AD574相匹配的量值，供后续处理。通讯电路采用常用的以太网接口与上位机相连，而232接口可作为备用，这样该装置既可作为便携式系统使用，也可通过网络来对设备实施实时监控。 软件部分要分别编写S3C4510B部分的程序和CPLD控制程序。前者可分为μC/OSII的移植和各个应用程序的编写，后者用VHDL语言实现。对于S3C4510B部分，根据整个装置实现的功能和对他的要求进行系统任务分割，并根据实际需要为各个任务分配优先级。系统大致可分为如下几个任务：初始化CPLD控制参数；对FIFO的读取；与上位机的TCP/IP通讯；与上位机的串口通讯。对应每个任务，需要编写相应的应用程序，软件设计部分的关键技术有：（1）μC/OSII内核向S3C4510B中的移植，要根据处理器的特点合理地修改μC/OSII的3个与处理器相关的文件：OS_CPUH，OS_CPU_AASM，OS_CPU_C.C。主要是将文件中的汇编指令，改为ARM7的汇编指令，并根据CPU的特点对文件中寄存器的初值进行改写。（2）内存配置问题。对于存储器容量的设计，要综合考虑μC/OSII内核代码和应用程序代码的大小。每个任务是独立运行的，必须给每个任务提供单独的栈空间（RAM），RAM总量的计算公式为：RAM总量=应用程序的RAM需求+内核数据区的RAM需求+各任务栈需求之总和+最多中断嵌套所需堆栈。（3）TCP/IP协议在μC/OSII中的实现。为了满足嵌入式设备与Internet网络直接交换信息的要求，在μC/OSII中又移植了LwIP协议栈。LwIP是瑞士计算机科学院（SwedishInstituteofComputerScience）的AdamDunkels等开发的一套用于嵌入式系统的开放源代码TCP/IP协议栈。LwIP的含义是LightWeight(轻型)IP协议。LwIP可以移植到操作系统上，也可以在无操作系统的情况下独立运行。LwIPTCP/IP实现的重点是在保持TCP协议主要功能的基础上减少对RAM的占用，一般他只需要几十k的RAM和40k左右的ROM就可以运行，这使LwIP协议栈适合在低端嵌入式系统中使用。LwIP的特性有：支持多网络接口下的IP转发；支持ICMP协议；包括实验性扩展的的UDP（用户数据报协议）；包括阻塞控制、RTT估算、快速恢复和快速转发的TCP（传输控制协议）；提供专门的内部回调接口（rawAPI）用于提高应用程序性能。LwIP可以很容易地在μC/OSII的调度下，为系统增加网络通信和网络管理功能。LwIP协议栈在设计时就考虑到了将来的移植问题，他把所有与硬件，OS，编译器相关的部份独立出来，放在/src/arch目录下。因此LwIP在μC/OSII上的实现就是修改这个目录下的文件，其他的文件一般不应该修改。在驱动中主要是根据S3C4510B内的以太网控制特殊功能寄存器，编写网络接口的处发送包、接收包函数，初始化以及用于以太网控制器的外部中断服务程序。

TN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱QTY( Quantity)数量PCS(Pices)（单位，复数）件外贸术语:B组:BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker Adjustment Factor BAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading B/R 买价 Buying RateC组:CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港)CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价C&F(成本加运费):COST AND FREIGHTC&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHTCIF 成本、保险费加运费付至(……指定目的港)CIF 成本，保险加海运费 COST，INSURANCE，FRIGHTCIF(成本运费加保险，俗称"到岸价"):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHTCPT 运费付至(……指定目的港)CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid ToCIP 运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地)CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid ToCY/CY 整柜交货(起点/终点)C.Y. 货柜场 Container YardCY(码头):CONTAINER YARDCFS(场):CARGO FREIGHT STATIONC/D (customs declaration)报关单C.C.(运费到付):COLLECTC.C 运费到付 CollectCNTR NO. (柜号):CONTAINER NUMBERC.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service ChargeC/(CNEE) 收货人 ConsigneeC/O 产地证 Certificate of OriginCAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment FactorCFS 散货仓库 Container Freight StationCFS/CFS 散装交货(起点/终点)CHB 报关行 Customs House BrokerCOMM 商品 CommodityCTNR 柜子 Container折叠 编辑本段 D组(到达)DAF 边境交货(……指定地点)DAF 边境交货 Delivered At FrontierDES 目的港船上交货(……指定目的港)DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex ShipDEQ 目的港码头交货(……指定目的港)DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex QuayDDU 未完税交货(……指定目的地)DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地)DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty PaidDDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery ChargeDL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/P 付款交单 Document Against PaymentDOC (document)文件、单据DOC(文件费):DOCUMENT CHARGEDoc# 文件号码 Document NumberD/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单D/A 承兑交单 Document Against AcceptanceDOZ/DZ(dozen)一打D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order折叠 编辑本段 E组(发货)ECRS:(EMERGENCY COST RECOVERY SURCHARGE)紧急回收成本费。个别船运公司征费。EXW 工厂交货(……指定地点)Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactoryETA(到港日):ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVALETD(开船日):ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERYETC(截关日):ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSINGEBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式，EBS一般是澳洲航线使用， EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用EXP(export)出口EA(each)每个，各EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges折叠 编辑本段 F组FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)FCA 货交承运人 Free CarrierFAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港)FOB 船上交货 Free On BoardFOB (离岸价):FREE ON BOARDFCL(整箱货):FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOADFCL 整柜 Full Container LoadLCL(拼箱货):LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOADFCR (货物接收证明): FORWARDER CARGO RECEIPTFAF 燃油价调整附加费(日本航线专用)FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactorFAC(facsimile)传真Form A ---产地证(贸易公司)F/F 货运代理 Freight ForwarderFAK 各种货品 Freight All KindFAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside ShipFeeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次FEU 40"柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40"FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime CommissionFIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思，指船公司不付装船和卸船费用FIOST条款,指船公司不负责装,卸,平舱,理舱FI是FREE IN的意思，指船公司不付装FO是FREE OUT的意思，同理指船公司不付卸折叠 编辑本段 G组GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncreaseG.W.(gross weight)毛重G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制折叠 编辑本段 H组HB/L(货代提单):HOUSE BILL OF LADINGHBL 子提单 House B/LH/C 代理费 Handling Charge折叠 编辑本段 I组IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用INT(international)国际的INV (invoice)发票IMP(import)进口I/S 内销售 Inside SalesIA 各别调价 Independent Action

就是它了!

它们的位置具体如下：1、根据今日头条资料显示，Whispymound Drive位于Vinewood Hills地区，拥有壮观的山景和城市美景。2、Eclipse Tower Penthouse位于洛圣都市中心的Rockford Hills。3、Route68位于Grand Senora Desert。4、WildOats Drive位于Vinewood Hills，享有美丽的自然风光和城市景观。5、MadWayne Thunder Drive位于Rockford Hills，距离市中心仅有数分钟的车程。

建议安装Think网站上的驱动,或者安装systemupdata,自动升级