定语从句

warded by stages, under police escort, to his

不是定义从句，是时间状语从句。it hurts sometimes when I"m with you.和你在一起有时候很痛苦。

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 定语从句功能及位置 　　功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 　　位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 　　例：Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please. 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.） 关系词: 　　引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用： 　　①连接作用，引导定语从句。 　　②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 　　③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 　　注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。 先行词: 　　被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book 关系代词引导的定语从句举例 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1,who, whom, that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： 　　(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 2,Whose 用来指人或物 　　(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替） 　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 3,which, that 　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如： 　　(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语） 　　(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语） 　　4,as 　　as 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时一般不省略，指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。 　　5，as与which的区别 　　①as可以放在句首，而which不行 　　②as表示主观，which表示客观事实 　　③as引导非限制性定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间 　　在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 　　(2) The time when we got together finally came. where指地点 　　在定语从句中做地点状语 　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因 　　在定语从句中做原因状语 　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 　　(2) I don"t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, 　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 先行词和关系词 　　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 　　2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 　　但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　 　　典型例题 　　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. 　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he　 　　答案C。 　　此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 　　2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. 　　A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　 　　答案B。 　　which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 　　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 　　A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it　 　　答案B。　　 　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　 　　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　 　　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　 　　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 　　As 的用法例 　　1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。　 　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。　 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 　　例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分 　　1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： 　　My grandmother"s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 　　在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 　　2. 动词短语先行成分。 　　这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 　　3. 句子作先行成分。 　　这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 　　二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 　　由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况： 　　1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 　　2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 　　3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。 　　三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能 　　一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。 　　1. 表示结果 　　表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。 　　2. 表示评注 　　表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。 　　3. 有无状语意义 　　“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。 　　四、关系代词as与which的句法功能 　　1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。 　　as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如： 　　Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 　　Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主动被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。 　　2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。 　　3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如： 　　We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. 　　“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。 　　如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如： 　　He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 　　4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。 　　which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如： 　　I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.

　　　定 语 从 句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)He"s written a book the name of which I"ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)4． 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.　　3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during…) + which;where = in (at, on…) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：I"ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I"ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只 能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象… …那样”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如： She stole her friend"s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I don"t like the way (that) you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：　　Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?That"s the most expensive hotel that we"ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to find.(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children"s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?4. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question?He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You"re the one that knows where to go.) (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that…。如：He that promises too much means nothing.(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There"s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.5. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me.6. 当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物 时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：（1） 使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“the same…that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same…as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。(3) 当“the same…that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn"t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let"s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand.（结果状语从句） 　　

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,去掉后主句意义就变得不明确,它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：This is a shop that sells personal computers.The watch that I bought yesterday works well.非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些,它对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义。因此,一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.注意：在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省去。一种特殊的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中,有时根据句子意思,常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad. 3．介词+关系代词的用法关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,不能用that,也不能省略,常用which或whom。介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.但遇固定词组时,介词一般紧跟词组主体,不作前置。如：Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前,因为look for是固定词组,意为“寻找”,介词for若被提前,单个的look意为“看”,句意不符。)介词也可结合句意、根据先行词确定,此时介词以前置为佳。Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.The girl with whom I went to the concert yesterday is my sister.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.4．关系代词的一些特定用法：that与which；that与who1)指物时,关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用,但以下几种情况下一般用that,不用which：①先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?I have read all the books (that) you gave me.注：当something确指某物或某事时,用that或which都可以,如：There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”②先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.The first place (that) we"ll visit is the Great Wall.③先行词被the only,the very修饰时：The only thing that matters is to find our way home.This is the very book (that) I"ve been looking for.④先行词既有人又有物时：They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.⑤当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时,为避免重复,定语从句中常用that：Who is the man that is standing by the door?Who that has common sense will do such a thing?Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?Which that you bought just now is for me?⑥两个定语从句,一个用which一个用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.2)用which不用that：①介词后②非限制性定于从句中③两个定语从句,一个用that一个用which3)当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时,一般用who而不用that： 但当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用that而不用who：He is no longer the man that he used to be.例题精析》》》》》》》》》》》》 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3) Next month we"ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand” A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him： David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。 7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：[考题2] . The Science Museum, ____________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London"s tourist attractions.(2008.江苏) A. which B. what C. that D. where[点拨]A 本题考查非限制性定语从句，排除B。从句中visit是及物动词，缺少宾语，排除D。这是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，排除C.。故A项正确。[考题3]. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008.山东) A. who B. which C. why D. when[点拨]D 本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。此题关键是要根据句意判断出是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。Occasions是先行词，从句成分齐全，排除A, B。所选关系词在定语从句中要做时间状语，故选D。[考题4]. I"ll give you my friend"s home address, I can be reached most evenings.(2008.北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where[点拨]D本题考查非限制性定语从句。此题关键是判断定语从句的完整与否。定语从句中reach 是及物动词，但此句是被动语态，从句成分齐全，所以选择关系副词，排除A, C。定语从句先行词是地点，所以排除B。故选D。[考题5]. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008.江西)A. where B. when C. who D. which[点拨]A 本题考查定语从句。此题关键是判断定语从句的先行词为cases，意思是：情况，状态，指物或指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指地点，用where。 在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case, situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导。[考题6]. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. (2008.全国卷II)A. it B. what C. which D. that[点拨]C本题考查定语从句中稍微偏难的非限制性定语从句。从句的引导词which指代前边整句话的内容。整句话逻辑意思不难得出：“那里的这条道路被证明是非常不错，这，超出我们的想像的。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，值得我们注意。例：1. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _____can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007年湖南卷)A．who B．which C．what D．that2. ______I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at the next meeting.A．When B．After C．As D．Since(答案：B ; C)[考题7]. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. (2008.陕西卷)A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which[点拨]D本题考查定语从句中稍微偏难题型： whose + n = the + n + of which / of which + the + n 所以the hands of which = of which the hands = whose hands 答案选D。 例：1. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 2. It is reported that two schools, ______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which (答案：D ; D )1．The weather turned out to be very good, ＿＿＿ was more than we could expect．(NMET"94) A． what B． which C． that D． if 2．All ＿＿＿＿ is needed is a supply of oil． (MET"89) A． the thing B． that C． what D． which 3．Finally the thief handed everything ＿＿＿＿ he had stolen to the police． (MET"87) A． after B． what C． whatever D． that 分析：1－3 BBD ①在非限定性定语从句中只能用which不用能that。如题1。②在下列几种情况下用that不用which：1)先行词为不定代词anything, everything, all, nothing等时。如题2，题3。2) 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。3）先行词被no, the only, very等修饰时。4）先行词既有人又有物时。 “热点”之二：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 典型考题： 1．He paid the boy ＄10 for washing the windows, most of ＿＿＿＿ hadn"t been cleaned for at least a year．(MET"90) A． those B． these C． that D． which 2．In the dark street, there wasn"t a single person ＿＿＿＿ she could turn for help．(MET"92) A． that B． who C． from whomD． to whom 4．In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm, ＿＿＿＿ many people have gone home． (上海"94) A． whose B． that C． on which D． by which time 分析：1－4 DDBD 在“（名词、数词、代词＋）介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指物）。在这种结构中，“介词”的选择可依据下列几点：1）介词和定语从句中的谓语动词是一种习惯搭配。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. “热点”之三：定语从句中的“隔离”现象 典型考题： 1．The film brought the hours back to me ＿＿＿＿ I was taken good care of in that faraway village．(NMET 2001) A． until B． that C． where D． when 2．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ＿＿＿＿ of course, made the others unhappy． (NMET 2000) A． who B． which C． this D． what 3．The pen I ＿＿＿＿ I ＿＿＿＿ is on my desk, right under my nose．(NMET"93) A． think; lost B． thought; had lost C． think; had lost D． thought; have lost 分析：1－3DBB ①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。如题1，when引导的定语从句和先行词the hours分开。②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。如题2中的“of course”为插入语，题3中 的“I thought”为插入语。 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句 1.定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： 1)We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分) 2)We don"t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语) 2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较： 1)He left the key where he had been an hour before. (where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) 2)He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) 3)He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引导定语从句) 4)He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”) 3． 定语从句与主语从句。试比较： 1) As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) 2) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句) Cf. What is known to us is that paper was first made in China. 4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较： 1)It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语) 2)It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.) 5．定语从句与并列句。 请分析下列题目并分析： A．whom B．themC．theyD．who 1）Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿ is a computer expert． 2）He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿ are doctors． 3）She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿ is interesting． 4）I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿ are nice and friendly． 5）Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿ like her very much． 〔答案与简析〕本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C项正确。

一般在写文章的时候，用在一个名词后面相当于一个形容词来修饰前面的名词，会令你的文章看起来比较高级一些~

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/483096114431b90d6c85c72e.html百度文库 可直接下载

with wich 中 which 指前面的故事 the stories那从句意思就是： American grandparents of her day brought up children with the stories 她那个时代的美国 奶奶用这些 故事来抚养/教育 孩子长大...

　　定语从句例句 　　1.你昨天错过的会议非常重要. 　　The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 　　2.正在做演讲的女孩是我们班的班长. 　　The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 　　3.我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的. 　　The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 　　4.昨天帮助了你的男孩是我的邻居. 　　The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 　　5.这正是我所感兴趣的话题. 　　That"s just the topic that I"m very interested in. 　　6.这是那个给我提供了宝贵机会的老板. 　　He is just the boss who gave me that valueable opportunity. 　　7.这个话题是我感到厌倦的. 　　This is the topic/theme that I"m tired of. 　　8.他是那个帮助了我的老师. 　　He is the teacher who helped me. 　　9.我们很喜欢那个很幽默的演讲者. 　　We all like that speaker who is very humourous. 　　10.两个女儿都是教师的那个老奶奶是我们的邻居. 　　定语从句句子 　　1. 翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Everything that is around us is matter.我们周围的一切都是物质 　　2).He is the only one among us that knows French.他是我们中唯一懂法语的人。 　　3).I know the reason why he came late.我知道他来迟的原因。 　　4).Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the foundation on which other ideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed.一些思想、原则和法律往往会成为其他思想、原则和法律赖以形成的基础。 　　5).Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium.This is the reason why they are stainless.不锈钢至少要含有10%的铬，这就是不锈钢不生锈的原因。 　　6).Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.供照明的电能可以转化为光能。 　　7).An electric field is a space where an electric force exists.电场就是电力存在的空间。 　　8).The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.屋顶坏了的房子现在已经修好。 　　9).Shanghai is the place where he was born.上海是他出生的地方。 　　10).The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人对他怕的要死。 　　11).The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity.使所有物体落向地面的力称为重力。 　　12).Substances which allow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors.电流能顺利通过的物体称为导体。 　　13).The car whose engine broke down was bought last month.发动机坏掉的`那辆车是上个月买的。 　　14).A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air.火箭发动机能在没有空气的太空中工作。 　　15).We could not really feel satisfied, calm or in agreement with the situation with which we are faced at the beginning of this session of the General Assembly.我们对本界联大开始时所面临的局势难以感到满意，也难以感到心安理得。 　　16).They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 　　17).He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race.他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天以使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。 　　18).He said there was never anything happening in his family he was ashamed of.他说他们家可从来没有出现过见不得人的事儿。 　　19).There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。 　　20).There are some countries in the world where there is little rain at any time.世界上有些国家终年少雨。 　　2.翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Silver is a conductor, which allows electric current to flow easily.银是一种导体，它可以让电流很容易地通过。 　　2).Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.月球上的白天和黑夜都相当长，那里的一天等于地球上的两周。 　　3).Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry.金属坚硬，又可加工成任何所需的形状，这使它能在工业上得以广泛应用。 　　4).Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small.体积小的晶体管使先前那种大而苯的收音机变得既轻又小。（前置） 　　5).He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。（前置） 　　6).You can break up a beam of incoherent light with a prism, which is made of glass.你能用玻璃制的棱镜分解一束非相干光。（前置） 　　7).Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife"s.史密斯先生昨天来看过我，他是我妻子的亲戚。（独立句） 　　8).Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal.机床有多种用途，其中之一是在金属上钻孔。（后置） 　　9).After dinner, four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物再继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。 　　10).Like charges repel, but opposite ones attract, which is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸，这是电的基本法则之一 　　11).She has two brothers, who are both doctors.她有两个兄弟。他们都是医生。（独立句） 　　12).We will put off the party until next week, when we won"t be so busy.我们把聚会推迟到下星期。那时我们不会这样忙。（独立句） 　　13).Semi–conductor is a new kind of material, which has found a wide use in electronic industry.半导体是一种新型材料，已广泛应用于电子工业。 　　14).There are some new terms in the article, the meanings of which may be difficult to the students.这篇文章中有些新的术语，它们的意思可能使学生感到困难。 　　15).Galileo, who made the first telescope, died in 1624.伽利略死于1642年，他制造了第一架望远镜。 　　16).The most important form of energy is electric energy, which is widely used in our daily life.电能是最重要的能量形式，它广泛用于我们的日常生活中。 　　17).Burgess and Richard Hoagland contacted Carl Sagan, who greeted the idea enthusiastically.伯吉斯和理查德.霍格兰同卡尔.萨根取得了联系，卡尔满腔热情地接受了这个想法。 　　18).He had talked to Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.他和尼克松谈过话。尼克松向他保证，凡是能够做到的都会竭尽全力去做。 　　19).Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.有一次是暴风骤雨，是我平生见到最猛烈的。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 　　20).Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labour of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering.电子计算机在工程技术上已获得广泛应用，它使人可能摆脱复杂的测量和计算工作。 　　3.翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到募集军队并推选乔治.华盛顿为总司令了。 　　2).Atoms, which are very, very small, can be broken down into still smaller particles.原子虽然很小很小，但仍能分解成更小的粒子。 　　3).We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced.我们必须给机器的传动部分加油，以便使摩擦大大减少。 　　4).Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 　　5).However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money.不过，对某些国家来讲，用冰山化水与海水脱盐相比，冰山化水的费用可能极为便宜，因为脱盐过程需要更多燃料和更多的资金。 　　6).An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced.自动生产线最适用于汽车工业，因为那里要生产成千上万个同样的零件。 　　7).Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important.橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料，因此橡胶工业十分重要。 　　8).John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party.约翰不能来参加聚会，他妻子病了。 　　9).The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于电子计算机似乎起着类似人脑的作用，所以常被称作电脑。 　　10).Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。 　　11).Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.物质具有一定的特征或特性，因此能使我们很容易地识别出来。 　　12).Potential energy that is not so obvious as kinetic energy exists in many things.虽然势能不象动能那样明显，但它存在于许多动物之中。 　　13).There is a minimum size for the reactor at which the chain reaction will just work .反应堆有一个最起码的尺寸，以使链式反应正好维持下去。 　　14).The remainder of the atom from which one or more electrons are removed must be positively charged.如果从原子中移走一个或多个电子，则该原子的其余部分必定带正电。 　　15).A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.无论将气体装在什么容器里，它都会把容器充满。 　　16).Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy.机械能转变为电能，而电能又转变为机械能。 　　17).Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water.人不能在月球上住，那里没有空气和水。 　　18).World war II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。(表原因) 　　19).They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈加猛烈，遍及全国。（译成结果状语从句） 　　20).My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.虽然我的助手在实验以前从头到尾地阅读过说明书，但由于他死搬硬套还是未能得到满意的结果。（译成让步状语从句）

what is the address of the factory of which we noticed the advertisement the other day

用who

翻译为：That"s the best western food I"ve ever had

强调句，it is ...that ,强调主语

thta

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时.例如：allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如：heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.thisisthebestbook(that)ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which,不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中.例如：themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

1.The person who is standing at the door is my English teacher.2.Do you know the person whom we met on the street?3.The problem which annoys us is how to complete the work on time.4.The book which we bought yesterday is worthy to be read.5.The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.6.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

intervals 如果指空间距离，关系词要用 where；如果指“间隔时间”，关系词就得用 when。例如：He always visits me at intervals when there is free time. （他总是在有空的间隔时间拜访我一次）

这要人造句不难，造这么多还得打出来好难，你直接分别百度一下三种从句，从中摘取你认为可以的看得懂的句子吧！一般百度文库里应该有，或者搜索英语语法从句

He is a tailor whose job is to make clothes? 这里的定语从句用“谁的”

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。thisisthebestbook(that)ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

很简单，若是中翻英，则先翻的字后面的（（名词/代词）即作先行词的词））。例如：他做的事情很奇怪。 Thethingthathedoisstrange.在这里先翻译了的字后面的“事情”，然后再写定语从句。

that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物、that与which的区分1。指物时宜用that的情况：>①、当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.>②、当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.>③、当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn"tloveit?>④、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.>⑤、当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.>⑥、关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.2。只能用which不能用that的情况。>①、引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.>②、关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.>③、that，those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.④.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.注意当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。

　　 定语从句时态问题 　　定语从句和所有的句子一样时态的变化和选择体现了说话人的意思和情绪，用什么样的时态主要是考虑到主句和从句发生的时间有先后顺序，当然也有相对现在而言的将来时。 　　定语从句中由于涉及主句和从句，在这里也会有时态先后的问题，一般来说如果主句动词是将来时，从句用一般现在时或者一般过去时。 　　 1.从句表现一般现在时的情况 　　A.The man who is appointed as a school principal will be a better leader. 　　被任命为学校校长人将会是一个更好的领导者。（用is appointed 不用 will be appointed） 　　B.There will be a special regulate for somebody who takes part in the competition next week. 　　对下周参加比赛的人将会有一个特殊的规则。（不用 will take, 而用 takes 一般现在时） 　　 2.从句表示一般过去时的情况 　　A.So to speak, those books whose covers were printed red would sale on Chrismas eve. 　　这么说吧，那些封面被刷成红色的书将在圣诞前夕出售。（whose引导的定语从句时态为一般过去时，主句would sale 为过去将来时） 　　B.The fashion show which held in these countries would make an important influence. 　　在这些国家举办的时尚秀将会产生重要的影响。 　　 3.但也有主句和从句都是一致时态的情况 　　A.Person who will go to watch movies next month will have to book tickets in advance. 　　在下个月要看电影的人将不得不提前订票。（主句和从句都用的一般将来时） 　　B.The cooperation which will be build up between two companies will be a significant event in business. 　　将要在两个公司直接建立的合作将会是一个商业界的重大事件。（主句和从句都表示将来） 　　【扩展阅读】 　　 定语从句概述 　　 I关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1）who,whom,that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： 　　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如： 　　Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： 　　Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside. 　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　 II.关系副词引导的定语从句 　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　　1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如： 　　Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 　　Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。 　　Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　　2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： 　　Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 　　Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 　　 III.判断关系代词与关系副词 　　 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： 　　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的`山村。 　　I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 　　 I关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1）who,whom,that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： 　　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如： 　　Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： 　　Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside. 　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　 II.关系副词引导的定语从句 　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　　1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如： 　　Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 　　Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。 　　Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　　2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： 　　Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 　　Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 　　 III.判断关系代词与关系副词 　　方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 　　例如： 　　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。 　　I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 　　判断改错： 　　（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear. 　　（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside. 　　（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear. 　　（对）I"llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside. 　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 　　 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 　　例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage? 　　A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone 　　例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld. 　　A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone 　　答案：例1D，例2A 　　例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago. 　　例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld. 　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 　　而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。 　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。 　　 IV.限制性和非限制性定语从句 　　1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： 　　Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） 　　Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 　　2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： 　　CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 　　Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 　　Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 　　3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： 　　HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 　　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 　　说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 　　 V.介词+关系词 　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 　　2）that前不能有介词。 　　3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如： 　　ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。 　　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago. 　　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ 　　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub? 　　VI.as,which非限定性定语从句 　　由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： 　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 　　Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 　　典型例题 　　1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise. 　　A.it B.that C.which D.he 　　答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 　　2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect. 　　A.what B.which C.that D.it 　　答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 　　3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.. 　　A.that B.which C.as D.it 　　答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： 　　（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 　　（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 　　 as的用法 　　例1.thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。例如： 　　Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 　　例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。例如： 　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 　　Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth. 　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　 VII.先行词和关系词二合一 　　1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替） 　　2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替） 　　VIII.what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 　　1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如： 　　Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。 　　Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。 　　2）who=thepersonthat whoever=anyonewho。例如： 　　（错）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished. 　　（错）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear. 　　（对）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。 　　（对）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。 　　3）that和what 　　当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如： 　　Ithink（that）youwilllikethestamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。 　　Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。 　　 IX.关系代词that的用法 　　1）不用that的情况 　　a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： 　　（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere. 　　b）介词后不能用。例如： 　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。 　　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom. 　　2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 　　a） 在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。 　　b） 在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 　　c） 先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。 　　d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. 　　e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： 　　Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。 　　Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如： This is thepresent that he gave me for my birthday. Do you knoweverybody who came to the party? I still rememberthe night when I first came to the village? This is the placewhere Chairman Mao once lived. 二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语. 1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致. I don"t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Provincesell very well. 2.作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gateyesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “TheGreat Escape”. 3.作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用. What"s the name of the young man whose sister is adoctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4.作状语 I"ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语. The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is veryclever. 2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语. Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3.whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语. The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning ofwords. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentionedyesterday. 5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语. I"ve read the newspaper that(which) carries theimportant news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper overthere? 6.when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语. I"ll never forget the time when we workedon the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7.where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语. This is the house where we lived lastyear. The factory where his father works is inthe east of the city. 四.关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面, Thatwas the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room whichwe had lived in for ten years. 五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时. Allthat he said is true. (2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时. He is the only foreigner that has been tothat place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词. He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词. This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时. He talked about the people and the things heremembered. 2.只能用which,不用that 的情况： (1) 在非限制性定语从中. Themeeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时. Thething about which he is talking is of great importance. 希望对你有用!

The reason why I...is that....why后面是定语 that后面是reason的同位语

ADsuch as the same as固定搭配A应该选A the 也要去掉

我见到过有where引导的句子:Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt"phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.实在不清楚为什么是where 引导

你好幽默，这怎么可能是定语从句呢？这个只算一个插入语

that occurred 是定语从句，that代替 each day 在定从中作主语，occurred（发生）是不及物动词作谓语。 that由于作主语，所以不可以省去。如还有不明白的，请追问！that occurred 是定语从句，that代替 each day 在定从中作主语，occurred（发生）是不及物动词作谓语。 that由于作主语，所以不可以省去。如还有不明白的，请追问！

是过去分词做后置定语，可以改为定语从句：aboywhosenameistom

这句的结构是 Can you do A as B do A? as这里是连词，像。。。一样，引导的是状语从句。整句有两部分， Can you can a can? 你能装罐吗？as a canner can can a can. 像装罐工那样装罐

一、关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which。例:ReadthepassagetowhichIreferredinmytalk.读一下我在演讲中提到过的那段文章。Hisnewcar,forwhichhepaid￡7000,hasalreadyhadtoberepaired.他花700英镑买来的那辆新车已经不得不修理了。二.which还可以用作关系限定词，后跟名词，that则不能这样用。例:Hechangedhismindforthesecondtime,afterwhichIrefusedevertogooutwithhimagain.他第二次变卦，以后我再也不跟他出去了。Thepostmancomesat6.30inthemorning,atwhichtimeIamusuallyfastasleep.邮递员早晨六点半就到，而这时我通常还熟睡着呢。Hemaycome,inwhichcaseI"llaskhim.他也许会来，来了我就问他。Thereare2left,oneofwhichisalmostfinishedandtheotherofwhichisnotquite.剩下两件事，一件快做完了，另一件还有得做。三、引导非限制性定词从句时，一般要用which，不用that。例:Football,whichisapopulargame,isplayedalloverthewofld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项很受欢迎的运动。Shespentalleveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,whichnoneofushadeverheardof.她花了整个晚上谈她最近的新书，关于这本书，我们没有一个人听说过。如果答案您满意，请记得采纳噢!(*^__^*)嘻嘻……

就近原则。这句话就是修饰specialists得。

　　简单的定语从句例句 1 　　The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 　　The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 　　Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 　　Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 　　Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. 　　Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see. 　　The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 　　The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. 　　The man whom you met just now is my old friend. 　　Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 　　The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 　　He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 　　This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 　　The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 　　The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 　　Where is the man that I saw this morning? 　　The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 　　The season which comes after spring is summer. 　　Yesterday I received a letter which came from Australia. 　　I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 　　He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 　　I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 　　The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 　　The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 　　Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 　　Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 　　The school which he once studied in is very famous. 　　The school in which he once studied is very famous. 　　Tomorrow I"ll bring here the magazine which you asked for. 　　Tomorrow I"ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. 　　This is the boy whom I played tennis with yesterday. 　　This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 　　We"ll go to hear the famous singer whom we have often talked about. 　　We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 　　The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 　　The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 　　I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 　　The time when we got together finally arrived. 　　October 1, 1949 was the day when the People"s Republic of China was founded. 　　The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 　　I don"t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 　　The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 　　I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 　　Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 　　Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 　　Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 　　简单的定语从句例句 2 　　1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。 　　The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine. 　　1. 整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins. 　　2. 我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。 　　Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women. 　　3. 那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。 　　Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued. 　　4. 你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀! 　　The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening. 　　5. 我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。 　　My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight. 　　6. 我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。 　　The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital. 　　7. 约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。 　　John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad. 　　8. 他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。 　　He is one of the tourists who have been to London. 　　9. 他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。 　　He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London. 　　10. 这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗? 　　Is this the school that you visited last Sunday? 　　11. 这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗? 　　Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday? 　　12. 他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。 　　It is in this place that he once lived. 　　13. 这是他们曾经住过的地址。 　　It is the place where he once lived. 　　14. 他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。 　　He has two sons, either of whom looks like him. 　　15. 他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。 　　He has two sons, and either of them looks like him. 　　16. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 　　17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue. 　　18. 他不说令她生气的话。He said nothing that made her angry. 　　19. 那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting. 　　20. 那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。 　　That was the reason that/which Mac gave me. 　　21. 正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。 　　As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own. 　　22. 比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。 　　It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own Microsoft is known to us all. 　　23. 是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同谁一起去看的电影? 　　It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together.. 　　24. 他不像是那种把工作留下一半的`那种人。 　　He isn"t such a man as would leave his work half done. 　　25. 我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。 　　I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory. 　　26. 我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。 　　I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment. 　　27. 像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。 　　I don"t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don"t appreciate the same book as you are reading. 　　28. 擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬 　　The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。 　　29. 我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。 　　I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school 　　30. 那不是我做事情的方法。 　　That isn"t the way( in which/that) I do it. 　　31. 他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。 　　They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting. 　　32. 照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。 　　Copy this expression as it is; don"t make any change. 　　33. 我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。 　　We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their children. 　　34. 只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。 　　Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates" quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。 　　35. 这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、 　　The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old. 　　36. 他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。 　　At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful. 　　简单的定语从句例句 3 　　1、Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 　　2、He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 　　3、They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 　　4、Please pass me the book whose(of which)color is green. 　　5、A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 　　6、By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks. 　　7、My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 　　8、This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching. 　　9、He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me. 　　10、The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

同学们，大家知道或者学习了哪些带有定语从句的句子呢？是否会做修改练习题呢？ 带有定语从句的句子模拟精选 1．(沈阳质监一)—When did you first read Mo Yan"s stories? —In 200x ________ I was attending high school. 2．(山东潍坊一模)Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it. 3．(江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)In the fast-moving information age，teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________ they communicate with the outside world. 4．(陕西宝鸡质检二)Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals. 5．(山东潍坊联考)Mo Yan，most of ________ novels have been adapted for films，is now a world-famous writer. 6．(山东青岛质检)The result was not the same as they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing. 7．(北京东城统一检测)Most of my friends shop at the stores ________ the goods are very cheap. 8．(成都二诊)The school library is a resource ________ you can take advantage to make progress. 9．(北京海淀期末练习)This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of. 10．(福州质量检测)Whether you like it or not，we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication. 11．(福州毕业班质检)The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, ________ some have stood out among them. 12．(陕西质量检测一)The living standard of the people in China, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades. 13．(杭州高考科目教学质检)Each graduate standing on the playground, ________ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster. 14．(合肥第一次质检)The mother thanked the young man again and again, without ________ help her son would have been killed by the passing car. 15．(浙江名校联盟第一次联考)My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon. 16．(南京一模)—How do you understand life? —It is a constant match ________ the greatest opponent is yourself. 17．(成都第一次诊断)American students take part in a wide variety of after-school activities ________ they develop their social skills. 18．(江西赣州十二县重点中学期中)He is such a lazy man ________ nobody wants to work with. 19．(济南高考模拟)Salina wants to find a job ________ she can use what she has learned at school. 20．(辽宁锦州期末)Drive-ins have large parking lots ________ customers are served in their cars by waitresses. 答案与解析 1．when 分析句子结构可知，200X年是先行词，在定语从句中充当的是时间状语，故用关系副词when 引导。 2．which 句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词an onion，在从句中做主语。 3．where/in which 此处为定语从句，先行词为the media environment，在从句中做地点状语。 4．that/which 此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a law; 因先行词指物，且关系词在从句中充当主语，所以用that 或 which 引导该定语从句。 5．whose 分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中做novels 的定语，因此用whose 引导该定语从句。 6．which 句意：结果与他们当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。这里用which 引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词which 指代空前的整句内容并在从句中做主语。 7．where/in which 根据句子结构判断，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the stores, 且空处在从句中做状语，表示地点，所以要用where/in which。 8．of which 此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，take advantage of 表示“利用”，根据该搭配可知，应填of which。 9．that/which 句意：这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，且指物并在从句中做宾语，因此填that 或which。 10．where/in which 句意：不管你是否喜欢，在我们生活的这个社会，网上聊天是人际交流的一个重要部分。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a community，并在从句中做地点状语，因此用where/in which 引导。 11．where/on which 句意：《中国好声音》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台。在这个舞台上，一些人从中脱颖而出。分析句子成分可知，“________ some have stood out among them”是定语从句，修饰先行词stage，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where 引导，相当于on which。 12．as 句意：正如报告所显示的，中国人民的生活水平在过去的几十年里得到了改善。这里用as 引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词as 指代主句的内容并在从句中做主语。 13．who 句意：每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发文凭。这里需要用关系代词引导定语从句，并在从句中做主语，指人，故用who 引导。 14．whose 句意：这位母亲一次又一次地感谢这个年轻人，如果没有他的帮助，她的儿子就被过往的汽车撞死了。分析句子成分可知，此处应用whose 修饰名词help，引导非限制性定语从句。 15．when/in which 句意：我的祖母生活在一个妇女被看不起的时代。此处用when 引导定语从句，修饰先行词generation, 在从句中做时间状语，相当于in which。 16．where/in which 句意：——你如何理解生活？——它是一场没有尽头的比赛，在这个比赛中最大的对手是你自己。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是a constant match, 空处在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where 引导，相当于in which。 17．where/in which 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities，且空处在从句中做地点状语，所以用where 引导，相当于in which。 18．as 句意：他是个如此懒惰的人，以至于没有人想和他一起工作。such...that... 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接作用，从句中不缺少成分。such...as... 中as 引导限制性定语从句，as 为关系代词，在从句中做主语、宾语等。 19．where/in which 句意：Salina 想找一份能用上她在学校学的知识的工作。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a job 并在定语从句中做地点状语，因此该空可填in which 或 where。 20．where 句意：“免下车”餐厅有很大的停车场，顾客可以在自己的汽车里接受女侍者的服务。large parking lots 是地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。 带有定语从句的句子创新预测 1．With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in ________ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life. 2．He didn"t keep his word, ________ made me upset. 3．Mr. Luke, in ________ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how to choose a career this evening. 4．Tango is a passionate dance, ________ brings the dancers together in a way that words can"t express. 5．The real-name policy for train tickets has been applied to all trains since January 1,201X in China, ________ will make it easy for people to get tickets. 6．—Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee? —It was in the cinema ________ I regularly go. 7．What do you think of the reason ________ he gave at the meeting yesterday? 8．London successfully held the Olympic Games opening ceremony in 201X, ________ is really impressive and beyond people"s imagination. 9．________ is shown in the report, teenager problems are often connected with family life education. 10．Eleven people got killed in the accident, ________ the identities haven"t been available. 11．His younger sister may already be in high school now, in ________ case this picture book is too childish for her. 12．My daughter, ________ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot. 13．Amanda hopes to live a simple life ________ she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the dealine. 14．There are a couple of art galleries in the city ________ exhibitions are worth visiting. 15．________ is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football. 16．Living in the mountain area has its problems, of ________ obtaining water is a big one. 17．Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have led to changes in the law. 18．Few people would take an active part in a society ________ culture is so different from their own. 19．China"s population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040, after ________ it will start to decline slowly. 20．I have been looking forward to the day, ________ I am admitted to a key university. 答案与解析 1．whose 句意：随着农业的快速发展，在她10年前教书的村子里，人们一直过着幸福的生活。in whose village＝in people"s village, 关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。 2．which which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。 3．whose 句意：上周我们在他的超市里购买iPad 的那个Luke 先生今天晚上要给我们作关于择业的讲座。关系词在从句中作定语修饰supermarket，用whose。 4．which 句意：探戈是一种热情奔放的舞蹈，它以一种难以用语言表达的方式把跳舞者聚在一起。先行词是dance，从句为非限制性定语从句，且关系词作主语，用which。 5．which 句意：从20XX年1月1日以来，在中国实名制购买火车票制度已应用到了所有的火车上，这将会让人们买票变得容易。根据语境可知此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语且指代前面整个主句所表达的内容，故应该用关系代词which。 6．where/to which 句意：——你是在哪儿看的"李安导演的电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》的？——就是在我常去的那家电影院。定语从句中不缺主语也不缺宾语，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where 或 to which。 7．that/which 句意：你认为他在昨天的会上给出的那个理由怎么样？定语从句修饰的先行词是the reason，关系词在从句中作宾语，应该用关系代词that/which。 8．which 句意：伦敦成功举办了20XX年奥林匹克运动会的开幕式，给人们留下了深刻的印象，超出了人们的想象。考查which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语。 9．As 句意：正如报告中所表明的那样，青少年问题经常和家庭生活教育有关。as 引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，而且可以意为“正如”。 10．of whom 句意：在这次事故中，11人死亡，他们的身份还没有被确定。of whom the identities＝whose identities 指“死者的身份”。 11．which 句意：他妹妹现在可能已经上高中了，这样的话，这本图画书对她来说就太幼稚了。in which case...＝and in this/that case...。 12．whose 句意：我的女儿总不在家，因为她的工作需要经常出差。关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。 13．where 句意；Amanda 希望过简单的生活，在这样的生活里她可以只做自己喜欢的事情不是忙着赶工期。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。 14．whose 句意：在这座城市里有几个美术馆，其中的展品值得观看。因为关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。 15．As as is often the case 意为“情况常常如此”，为定语从句的特殊句式，需牢记。 16．which 先行词为物，定语从句用介词＋which 引导。 17．where 先行词为 cases，定语从句中缺状语，故用 where 引导。 18．whose whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。 19．which 先行词为物，定语从句用介词＋which 引导。 20．when 先行词为时间名词，定语从句中缺状语，故用 when 引导。

1 which is used to produce paper2 where the French king and the queen to live in3 who come from different countries4 where there are many high mountains to ski5 turned out,which we couldn"t except6 where you can buy, which are7 which are buried under ground8 which we spent in the university9 which was organized by the students10 that you cannot understand,which will make you lose your interest11 which made his teachers and classmates surprised12 where we lived in 13 living, where he spent his childhood14 the sports meeting which is held15 that she saw and heard in Austrilia

什么是“定语从句”……这不是中文吗？英文里面怎么可能有中文啊？ 语法不对啊！

关键是从句中我根本没看到which，你想问的可能不是很清楚吧

when。从句不缺主要成分，用关系副词，先行词是phase，所以定语从句中先行词用when。定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），一个句子跟在一个名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定（对词句进行补充、修饰、限定，进而使原句内容更完整），就叫做定语从句。

Itisthefirsttimethat+现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat+过去完成时一般作为一个句型来记的要解释的话，有点难因为他肯定是作状语Wetravelforthefisrttime说什么forthefisrttime也是状语那为什么前面用关系代词that呢所以只能作为一个句型来记time作“一段时间”解用when=atwhichTherewasatimewhenthesongwaspopular作“次数”解，用that

不是定语从句是状语从句

Anytime是物，表示时间。后面可以用when 来引导定语从句。

没区别，都可用

定语从句中的the way前面没有介词in，简单一点说，就是直接把它作为一个关系词来用了。

1. 先行词指物时，用关系代词that／which在从句中作主语或宾语。 如：He bought a coat that／which cost little． 他买了一件便宜上衣。（作主语） The car which ／ that he bought yesterday is a secondhand one． 他昨天买的车是个二手货。（作宾语） 2. 先行词指人时，用关系代词that／who在从句中作主语或宾语（在口语中，代替whom）。 如：The man who ／ that gave a speech on TV is the president． 昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。（作主语） This is the strange man that／who／whom I met yesterday． 这就是我昨天碰到的那个怪人。（作宾语） 3.whose在从句中作定语，既可指人，作“某（些）人的”解；也可指物，作“某（些）物的”解。 如：This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake． 这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。 We live in a house whose windows open to the south． 我们居住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。 理清上述关系还能帮助我们判断定语从句谓语动词的单复数。 又如：He is one of the students who work hard． 他是学习努力的学生之一。（who指先行词the students） He is the only one of the students who goes abroad． 他是学生中唯一出国的。（who指先行词the only one） 二、记清多用关系代词that的几种情况。 1.先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。 如：There is little that I can use． 几乎没有什么我能用的了。 2.先行词被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代词修饰时。 如：All the books that you need are here． 你所需要的书都在这儿。 3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 如：This is the first composition that he has written in English． 这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited． 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。 5.主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。 如：Who is the man that is speaking over there？ 在那里说话的人是谁？ 6.先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。 如：This is the very gun that I am looking for． 这正是我在找的枪。 7.关系代词在从句中作表语时。 如：He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago． 他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。 关系副词where, when和why 同学们对定语从句已经有了初步的认识。我们已学了关系代词who， whom， whose， which和that的用法，这里就说说关系副词where， when和why引导定语从句时的语义特点和用法特点。 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 一、 副词where引导的定语从句 1. 当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place， room， mountain， airport等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。 例如：The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable prehistorical rock paintings by chance． 那两个迷路的男孩碰巧进入了一个山洞，在那里他们意外地发现了一些非常有价值的史前岩画。 在上述例句中，where代表in the cave，作地点状语。 2. 通常，引导定语从句的where大都可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。例如：The American soldiers rushed into the President Mansion where ／ in which they found those gold bars．美国士兵冲进总统官邸，在那里他们发现了那些金条。 3.当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用where。 试比较： The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that ／ which) people all over the world look forward to visiting． 长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。 The Yangtze River is our mother river where the Chinese people have created the brilliant Chinese civilization． 长江是我们的母亲河，中华民族在那里创造了灿烂的华夏文明。 在第一句的定语从句中，visiting是一个及物动词，必须带宾语，而关系副词where不能作宾语，所以只能用which或that引导，而且二者可以省略；在第二句的定语从句中，不缺主语、宾语、表语，所以用where作状语。 二、 系副词when引导的定语从句 1.当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time， day， year， month， week等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词when引导。 例如：Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep． 伽利略生活的时代是人类灵魂经过了千年沉睡之后正在苏醒的时代。 2.与where一样，引导定语从句的when也可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。 例如： All the Chinese， at home and abroad， will forever remember the date when ／ on which the Red Five-star Flag was raised in Hong Kong． 海内外的所有华人都不会忘记五星红旗在香港的土地上升起时的日子。 3.当先行词为the time， the moment， the day， the minute等时，关系副词when可以省略，也可以用that引导。 例如：The moment (that ／ when) I turned round， she had left and disappeared in the crowd． 当我转过身来时，她已经离开并消失在人群中了。 Do you still remember the day we got to know each other？ 你还记得我们彼此相识的那一天吗？ 这时的定语从句（省略了when或that），实际上已经是一个时间状语从句了。 4.当表示时间的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用when。 例如： The film reminded me of those miserable days (that ／ which) I spent in my childhood． 这部电影使我想起了我童年时代度过的那些苦难日子。 三、 关系副词why引导的定语从句 1.当先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，定语从句需要用关系副词why引导，此时的定语从句说明先行词的内容。 例如：Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine？ 你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗？ 2.我们也可以用for which来替代why。 例如：The reason why ／ for which you failed， I think， was that you had turned a deaf ear to your mother"s advice． 我认为你失败的原因是你不听你母亲的忠告。 注意：在“the reason why sb． does sth． is that从句”的结构中，that不能换成because。 定语从句错误分析 初学定语从句时，同学们易犯的错误归纳起来有语义重复、主谓不一致及引导词的误用等。同学们可以先试着找出下列这些句子中的错误并加以改正，然后参阅题后的分析。 1． The woman which was interviewed on CCTV last night was the late US President Nixon"s daughter． 分析 定语从句的引导词有两大类：一类是关系代词，包括that, which, who, whom和whose。当先行词是指人的名词或代词时，要用who, whom或whose来引导定语从句，并且，它们分别在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；当先行词是指事物的名词或代词时，要用which来引导定语从句；而that既可以指人，又可以指物。另一类是关系副词，常用的有where（表地点），when（表时间）及why（表原因）。本例中的先行词指人，所以应把which改成who或that。 2． The main topic people are often talking about it at present is the construction of the Yangtze Three Gorges Dam． 分析 the main topic是先行词，people are ．．． about it at present是定语从句，其中关系代词that或which在句中作介词about的宾语，被省略了。所以it是重复的成分，应该去掉。初学者很容易犯语意重复的错误，应当十分注意。 3． God bless this ship and all that sails in her！ 分析 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词的数保持一致。本例先行词是一个表复数概念的代词all，所以定语从句的谓语动词sails应该用复数，即sail。句意是：上帝保佑这条船和所有乘船的人吧！关于主谓一致，有一个特例值得注意。见第4例。 4． Franklin D． Roosevelt was the only one of the US presidents that were in office for 4 terms． 分析 当先行词是“the only one of the＋复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词要与one保持一致，用单数当先行词是“one of the ＋复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词要与复数名词保持一致，用复数。 例如：The Great Wall is one of the man-made constructions that have been seen from space． 5． The speed at that the rocket can escape from the earth is 11.2 kilometers per second． 分析 当介词提前时，不能用关系代词that或who引导定语从句，而应该用which或whom。这儿的先行词speed是表事物的名词，所以应该把that改成which，而且不能省略（因为直接在介词后）。句意是：火箭的逃逸速度是每秒11.2公里。 6． This is a new type of airplane, which parts are all made at home． 分析 不管先行词是指人还是物，关系代词在从句中作定语时，都必须用whose；但是指物时，还可以用“the ＋名词＋of which”的形式表示。故本例可改成：This is a new type of airplane, whose parts are all made at home．或者This is a new type of airplane, the parts of which are all made at home． 7． Anything which exists in the universe has its two sides． 分析 当先行词是表事物的不定代词，如all,everything,anything．．．时,关系代词要用that，而不用which，故本句要把关系代词which 改为that。 8． Whatever Saddam did couldn"t change US mind to attack Iraq, that we had expected． 分析 that 不能用来引导非限定性定语从句。本定语从句的先行词是一个先行句，即前面整个句子，所以本从句中的关系代词that必须改为which。当然也可以用when, where, who（m）等引导非限定性定语从句，而且不可省略，whom也不能用who代替。 例如：Mr. Robert, whom I"ll invite to my new house, is a famous lawyer of our city． 9.Recently I have been reading a good book, it was about the relationship between man and nature． 分析 该句中前后两句之间为逗号，且无连接词，故后一句应是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词book,所以it应改为which。 定语从句是历年高考试题的考查热点之一，下面就定语从句应特别注意的几个问题加以举例分析： Ⅰ．关系代词which 例1． The Greens will move into the new house next Monday, ＿＿＿＿＿it will be completely finished． A． by the time B． by which time C． that D． which 例2． Water boils at 100℃, ＿＿＿＿＿it changes to gas． A． at which temperature B． at which C． by which temperature D． by which 析：which 引导定语从句时，在从句中除了作主语或宾语外，还可以作定语修饰名词，常用于“介词＋which＋名词”结构中，相当于“and＋介词＋this／that＋名词”。所以例1选B；例2选A。 Ⅱ．关系副词when 例1． Could you suggest a time ＿＿＿＿＿it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine？ 例2． Think of a time ＿＿＿＿＿you were happiest．(Senior3,L93) 例3． There was a time ＿＿＿＿＿all scientists were willing to share their results．（Senior3,L3） A． that B． when C． which D． where 析：当先行词为a time(一段时间)时，引导定语从句的关系词常用when，而不采用that，故以上例题均选B。在我们课本中类似的句子还有：①This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema．(Senior2,L70) ②It"s about a time when there were black slaves in North America．(Senior1,L53) Ⅲ．关系代词but 例：There is no one ＿＿＿＿＿wishes peace． A． who B． but C． that D． whom 析：本题句意为“没有人不希望和平。”but作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。but相当于who ／ that don"t ／ doesn"t，but本身含有否定意义。故本题选B。 Ⅳ．定语从句与强调句及其他从句的混合 例1． It was in the small house ＿＿＿＿was built with stones by his father ＿＿＿＿he spent his childhood． A． which that B． that where C． which which D． where that 析：分析句子结构可知，本句的主句为强调句型，第一空应由关系代词引导定语从句修饰先行词house。故本题选A。 例2． The meeting was put off, ＿＿＿＿was exactly ＿＿＿＿we wanted． A． whichwhich B． as that C． whichwhat D． it that 析：由题意可知，第一空应由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，第二空应由what引导表语从句。故本题选C。 练习： 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Don"t call between 12 o"clock and 1 o"clock, ＿＿＿＿＿I am usually having lunch． A． at which B． during which time C． by which time D． by which 2. The song is so popular ＿＿＿＿＿ there is no one in our class ＿＿＿＿＿likes it． A． that who B． that but C． which who D． which but 3.It is such a good place ＿＿＿＿＿ everybody wants to visit ＿＿＿＿ it is well-known all over the world． A． which that B． as as C． as that D． that as 4． We are living in an age ＿＿＿＿many things are done on computer．(北京2003春) A．which B．that C．whose D．when Key:1－4BBCD 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句之间常用逗号隔开，它与主句的关系不十分密切，只对先行词作补充或附加说明，如省略，也不影响主句意思的表达。如：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses．上述例子作如下改动，句子意思仍然完整： Water has many uses． 一、 关于引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，须注意以下三点： 1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在指物时，只能用which，而不能用that；关系代词which既可指代先行词，也可指代前面整个句子的内容。 如：He lives in Weifang, which is only an hour"s ride from here． (关系代词 which 在定语从句中作主语，指代主句中的 Weifang。) I have lost my pen, which I like very much． (关系代词which在定语从句中作宾语，指代主句中的pen。) New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us． (关系代词which 在定语从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容。) 2.关系代词 which 和as 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as 有“正如……” 、“就像……” 的意思， 而which没有；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，可以放在主句之前或之后；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 如：As is known to all, he is the best student in our class． (as 指代整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。) He opposed the idea, as could be expected． (as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。) 常用的这种句式有：as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 3.在非限制性定语从句中，修饰人并在从句中作主语时用关系代词who, 作宾语时用关系代词whom。 如：Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook． She is like Miss Carter, whom I used to meet in Boston． 二、 在下列情况下必须使用非限制性定语从句 1.当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时。 如： He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot． They will fly to Paris, where they plan to stay two or three days． Football, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world． 2.当主句内容完整，先行词意义明确时。 如：His house, which was finished only a month ago, was burnt down to the ground last night． We will put off the outing until next week, when we won"t be so busy． 3.当定语从句修饰整个主句时。 如：They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them． They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time． 4.当定语从句修饰主句中的一部分时。 如：She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was． 5.当定语从句由“代词／数词／名词／形容词比较级、最高级等＋of ＋which／whom”引导时。 如：China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan． Chaplin directed a large number of films, most of which were silent． 一、 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句，顾名思义，是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。例如：A man who doesn"t want to learn from others can"t achieve much． 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。 A man被限定后，指一类特定的人。 限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之 间通常必须有逗号隔开。 例如：Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam， which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present． 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝，它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。 本句若去掉定语从句，主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，因此值得我们注意。 二、 引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。 例如：That Peter will marry Alice， which has not been announced yet， has spread around． 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已被传得沸沸扬扬。 句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。 三、 除which外，还可用when， where， who，whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。 例如：After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my childhood and four years of college life． 毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II， when Jews were badly treated in Germany． 第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。 注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 四、 在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词作宾语时，引导词可以省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省，同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。 试比较：The American journalist (whom ／ who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters． 播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother． 他急于想去医院看望他的继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。 巩固练习（多数为历年高考题）：从A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1． She heard the terrible noise， ＿＿＿＿＿ brought her heart into her mouth． A． it B． which C． this D． that 2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ＿＿＿＿， of course， made the others unhappy． A． who B． which C． this D． what 3. The weather turned out to be very good，＿＿＿＿ was more than we could expect． A． what B． which C． that D． it 4.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，＿＿＿＿ was very reasonable． A． which price B． the price of which B． its price D． the price of whose 5.The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital， ＿＿＿＿ she spent her19th birthday． A． that B． which C． where D． and（答案bbbc）

　　定语从句重难点 　　1. 做定语从句试题的基本方法 　　In fact the man didn"t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French. 　　A. where　　　　　　　　　B. who　　　　　　　　　　 C. in which　　　　　　　D. which 　　此题应选 D。从句子成分看, 修饰 questions 的定语从句缺主语, 所以不能选 A(where), C(inwhich)。又因为这里的先行词(questions)是指事不是指人, 所以只能选D(which)不能选B(who)。 　　考生在做定语从句试题时, 大体上要分清以下几点： 　　1. 是定语从句还是其它从句( 从句意和句法 功能等方面去考虑)。 　　2. 是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法 功能。一般说来, 关系代词(that, which, who, whom 等)主要用作主语和宾语;关系副词(when, where, why)主要用作状语;作定语时用whose。 　　3. 受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人(who, whom, that) 还是指物(that, which);是作主语(who, that, which)还是作宾语(which, whom, who)等。 　　4. 关系代词可否省略(在通常情况下, 只有限制性定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略)。 　　5. 是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 (关系代词that以及关系副词why等均不能引导非限制性定语从句)。 　　6. 在“介词+which”结构中, 介词的正确选择(主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配)。 　　2. 能用what引导定语从句吗 　　He told me all ______ he had seen there. 　　A. that　　　　　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　　　　 C. what　　　　　　　　　　D. when 　　此题应选A。容易误选C。这里的B(which), D(when)比较好排除。 　　选项B错, 因为当先行词为不定代词 all, little, much等时, 要用关系代词 that, 不用which。 　　选项D错, 因为它是关系副词, 只能在定语从句中作状语, 而这里的定语从句缺宾语(即seen缺宾语), 所以不能选D。 　　至于选项C(what), 是考生最容易出错的, 这是因为考生在平时的阅读中, 经常可以见到类似这样的句子： 　　He told me all he had seen there. 　　He told me what he had seen there. 　　由于没有完全理解, 结果将以上两类句型混在一起。 　　选项C错的原因在于what不是关系词, 所以它不能引导定语从句。但值得注意的是：what有时相当于“名词(先行词)+关系代词”： 　　他把一切都给了我。 　　正：He gave me what he had. 　　正：He gave me everything that he had. 　　这就是你要的东西。 　　正：This is what you want. 　　正：This is the thing that you want. 　　以上实例告诉我们, what 有时相当于“先行词+关系代词”, 同时这也告诉我们, 这样用的 what 前不能再有先行词(即：what不能引导定语从句)。 　　3. 不要一见到时间或地点名词就用where, when 　　a. I will never forget the days ______ I lived in the country. 　　b. I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the country. 　　A. that, that　　　　　　 B. when, when　　　　 C. that, when　　　　　 D. when, that 　　此题应选D。容易误选B。考生往往错误地认为, 时间或地点名词后的定语从句就一定要用关系副词when或where 来引导。注意在选择关系副词when 时, 考生要明确两个问题：一是先行词是否是指时间或地点的.名词, 二是when, where在定语从句中是否用作状语。 　　a句中的定语从句主语和宾语齐全, 所以可用表时间的状语(when), 而b句中的定语从句, 显然 spent缺宾语, 所以选关系代词that。 　　考生从以上分析中应明确这样一点：选择关系词时一定要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。尤其是当先行词为表时间或地点的名词时, 千万不要想当然地认为一定要用关系副词when和where来引导定语从句。再如： 　　1. a. This is the school ____ I studied last year. 　　b. This is the school ____ I visited last year. 　　A. that, that　　　　　　　 B. where, where 　　C. that, where　　　　　 D. where, that 　　2. a. I still remember the time ____ he was born. 　　b. I still remember the time ____ he told me. 　　A. that, that　　　　　　　 B. when, when 　　C. that, when　　　　　　D. when, that 　　答案：1. D 2. D 　　4. that与which 　　a. Those are the very words ______ he used. 　　b. This is the question about ______ we"ve had so much discussion. 　　A. that, that　　　　　　 B. which, which　　　　C. that, which　　　　　D. which, that 　　此题应选C。关于先行词是指物的名词时, 其定语从句是用that还是用which来引导, 情况比较复杂：在通常情况下, 两者有时可换用;但有时只用which(主要是引导非限制性定语从句和直接放在介词后作宾语);而有时则只用that 而不用which, 主要有以下情况： 　　1. 先行词是下列不定代词或受其修饰时 all, much, few, little, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等： 　　All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。 　　2. 先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时： 　　This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 　　3. 先行词有最高级或序数词(包括last, next)等修饰时： 　　This is the best dictionary that I"ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。 　　4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时： 　　China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 　　5. 先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时： 　　We talked about the persons and things that most impressed us. 他们谈论了我们印象最深的人和事。 　　5. who 与 that 　　Who ______ has seen him do not like him? 　　A. that　　　　　　　　　　 B. who　　　　　　　　　　 C. he　　　　　　　　　　　 D. she 　　此题应选A。其余几项均有可能被选。当先行词指人时, 引导定语从句是用who还是用that, 主要应注意以下几点： 　　1. 在通常情况下, 两者常可换用。 　　2. 在下列情况, 两者都可用, 但用that比who更常见： 　　(1) 先行词是all, nobody, no one, someone, anyone等时： 　　All that heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲 话的人都很高兴。 　　Have you met anybody that has been to Paris? 你 遇见过去过巴黎的人吗? 　　(2) 先行词受序数词, 最高级以及only, same等修饰时： 　　He"s the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中间唯一懂法语的人。 　　3. 在下列情况通常只用that： 　　(1) 当先行词是一既指人又指物的并列词组时： 　　He made a speech on the men and things that he"d 　　seen abroad. 他就在国外见到的人和事作了报告。 　　(2) 当先行词是who时： 　　Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion? 　　有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢? 　　(3) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时： 　　Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。 　　6. 是非限制性定语从句还是并列句 　　—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular. 　　—It"s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success. 　　A. these, them　　　　 B. which, which　　　　C. those, which　　　　D. which, them 　　此题应选 D。很容易误选A, B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句, 所以其后填which), 而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句, 所以其后填them)。请做以下类似题(注意and, but等的有无)： 　　1. a. He has two sons, but neither of ___is clever. 　　b. He has two sons, neither of ____ is clever. 　　A. them, them　　　　　 B. whom, whom 　　C. them, whom　　　　 D. whom, them 　　2. a. Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of____ was spent helping the poor. 　　b. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of____ was spent helping the poor. 　　A. it, it　　　　　　　　　　　B. which, which　　　　C. it, which　　　　　　　 D. which, it 　　类似地, 以下一题也与but, and这类词的有无相关： 　　3. ____many times, but he still couldn"t remember. 　　A. Having been told　　B. Being told 　　C. Having told　　　　　 D. He was told 　　答案：1. C 2. D 3. D 　　7. 你会用关系代词as吗 　　Don"t make friends with such young men ______ don"t work hard. 　　A. that　　　　　　　　　　 B. as　　　　　　　　　　　　C. who　　　　　　　　　　 D. they 　　此题应选B。容易误选A, C。句中的as是关系代词, 句意为：不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可换成： 　　正：Don"t make friends with young men who [that] don"t work hard. 　　正：Don"t make friends with those young men who [that] don"t work hard. 　　as用作关系代词(用作主语或宾语), 主要用法如下： 　　1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引导限制性定语从句： 　　Don"t talk about such things as you don"t under-stant. 不要谈你不懂的东西。 　　Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praisedhim. 听过他谈话的人都称赞他。 　　I told him the same story as you told me. 我给他讲的故事与你给我讲的故事一样。 　　2. 单独用作关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前(常译为“正如”)或之后(常译为“这一点”)： 　　As has been said before, grammar is not a set ofdead rules. 正如前面所说, 语法不是一套死规则。 　　He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from hisaccent. 他是个外国人, 这从他的口音可以得知。 　　If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, wewill not receive him. 如果他再像以往那样迟到, 我们就不接待他了。 　　8. the way后可接how引导的定语从句吗 　　That is ______ the boy spoke to the teacher. 　　A. how　　　　　　　　　　 B. the way how　　　　 C. that　　　　　　　　　　 D. which 　　此题应选 A。容易误选B。误认为the way(表方式)后应接how引导的定语从句(因为how可用来表方式)。 　　其实考生只要回忆一下我们学过的关系副词便知道：在现代英语中关系副词只有when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因)等几个, 根本没有how这个关系副词, 所以它自然就不能引导定语从句。要表示类似本题的意思, 可用以下句型： 　　那就是他说话的样子。 　　正：That"s how he spoke. (表语从句) 　　正：That"s the way he spoke. 　　正：That"s the way (that) he spoke. 　　正：That"s the way (in which) he spoke. 　　误：That"s the way how he spoke. 　　我不喜欢他那样笑她。 　　正：I don"t like the way he laughs at her. 　　正：I don"t like the way(that) he laughs at her. 　　正：I don"t like the way (in which) he laughs at her. 　　误：I don"t like the way how he laughs at her. 　　他同我们说话的方式值得怀疑。 　　正：The way he spoke to us was suspicious. 　　正：The way (that) he spoke to us was suspicious. 　　正：The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. 　　误：The way how he spoke to us was suspicious. 　　9. whose可以指物吗 　　I saw some trees ______ leaves were black with disease. 　　A. its　　　　　　　　　　　 B. whose　　　　　　　　　C. his　　　　　　　　　　　 D. the 　　此题应选B。容易误选A。许多考生认为, 关系代词whose和who, whom一样, 只能指人, 不能指物。 　　事实上, 用作关系代词的 whose 与 who, whom不一样, 它不仅可以指人也可以指物(用作定语)： 　　There are some students whose questions I can"tanswer. 有些学生的问题我不能回答。 　　Can you see the mountain whose top is coveredwith snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗? 　　Here is a word whose meaning escapes me. 这里有一个词, 我一下想不起它是什么意思了。 　　当先行词为物时, 其后引导定语从句的 whose+n. 也可换成 the+n. +of which / ofwhich+the+n. ： 　　窗户破了的那座房子是空的。 　　正：The house whose windows are broken is empty. 　　正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty. 　　正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 　　但是如果 whose所修饰的名词中心词之前有数词或其它限定词, 则不用 whose, 而用of which： 　　There I saw a large talbe, two legs of which were broken. 在那里我看见有一张大桌子, 其中有两条腿断了。 　　10. 不要在定语从句使用与关系代词同义的人称代词 　　—This is the book that I have read ______ dozens of times. 　　—But I have never read ______. 　　A. it, ×　　　　　　　　　　 B. ×, it　　　　　　　　　　 C. it, it　　　　　　　　　　 D. ×, × 　　此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 thebook 的定语从句, 此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语, 因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。 　　在做有关定语从句的试题时, 考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词： 　　我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。 　　误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful. 　　正：The film we saw last night was wonderful. 　　刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁? 　　误：Who"s the man you just talked to him? 　　正：Who"s the man you just talked to? 　　你昨天借给我的书很有趣。 　　误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting. 　　正：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting. 　　他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。 　　误：He is the man whose his wife died last year. 　　正：He is the man whose wife died last year. 　　11. 要分清是定语从句还是其它从句 　　—Is this room ______ he lived in last year? 　　—Is this the room ______ he lived in last year? 　　A. that, that　　　　　　 B. the one, the one　C. that, the one　　　 D. the one, that 　　此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析, 我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)： 　　(1) This room is _____ he lived in last year. 　　(2) This is the room ____he lived in last year. 　　第1)句填the one, 用作表语, 其后的 (that) he livedin last year是用以修饰the one 的定语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词), 而是表语从句。 　　但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分, 而其后的介词in又缺宾语, 所以导致错误。 　　第2)句填 that, 它是关系代词, 用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。 　　请做以下类例试题： 　　(1) —Is this the book _____ you want to buy? 　　—Is this book _____ you want to buy? 　　A. that, that　　　　　　　 B. the one, the one 　　C. that, the one　　　　　D. the one, that 　　(2) —Is this room ___ he lived in 5 years ago? 　　—Is this the room ___ he lived in 5 years ago? 　　A. that, that　　　　　　　 B. the one, the one 　　C. that, the one　　　　　D. the one, that 　　答案：1. C 2. D

给热供热个人股

初中定语从句说课稿 　　初中有关定语从句的说课稿是怎样的呢？以下是我收集的相关信息，仅供大家阅读参考! 　　初中定语从句说课稿一 　　 一、教材分析 　　本堂课是一堂中考复习课，如果从分析教材来讲，本课话题主要是出现在仁爱英语九年级（下）Unit 5之中，主要讲的是让学生认识定语从句，了解定语从句的结构，并能熟练的运用定语从句。但是对于一堂中考复习课来讲，我觉得应当从中考英语对本课话题的难易度要求以及考点的探究入手。从历年的中考真题来看，对于定语从句的考察主要体现在单选题、完型填空和阅读理解中。当然还有就是从作文之中体现出来。而且我们知道，如今的中考英语，更侧重于在语境之中来考察语法和词汇项目，强化对学生语言运用能力的考察。 　　 二、教学目标 　　根据课程标准和我市中考英语的要求，坚持以学生为本，切实体现素质教育，面向全体学生，立足基础，设置练习注意难易度适中，这堂课是一堂中考复习课，本课设计从英文歌曲导入，在课堂之上，利用简单习题小游戏，设置情景，情景之中学语法，以达到下列教学目标： 　　知识目标：复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。从知识系统的归纳呈现入手，注重学生基础知识的复习巩固；这堂课又是一堂语法复习课本身具有一定的应试成分。 　　能力目标：能较好地运用定语从句，能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。注意培养学生运用所学的知识和技能分析、解决问题的能力。 　　德育目标：培养分析问题解决问题的能力，热爱祖国，关心时政，学会竞争和合作，建立自信心和集体荣誉感。 　　情感目标：通过学习调动学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，建立学习英语的成就感和自信心。让他们成为课堂的主角，使学生懂得语法学习无处不在，使学生学在其中，乐在其中，并掌握一些应试技巧。 　　 三、教学重点难点： 　　提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性，较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解定语从句，运用知识点解题。 　　 四、教学方法 　　《新课程标准》要求教师在教学中要以学生为主体，尝试创新思维，联系社会采用讨论、协作、探究、竞争的教学模式，引导学生灵活运用所学语法知识。采用研究性学习方法，寓教于乐。检验一节课成功与否，不是教师讲了多少，而是以学生的学习效果为评价标准。因此我借助多媒体，结合竞赛形式，力求使枯燥的语法生动趣味化；并且考虑学生英语基础的实际情况，教学过程也要体现素质教育的全体性，因此设计任务循序渐进（如按“词→句→文”递进），由浅入深，由易到难，导引学生参与整个学习过程，获得更佳的学习效果及发展智力，提高思维，观察，注意，记忆，想象，联想等能力。 　　 五、教学过程 　　本堂课主要分为五个步骤：1 创设情景 歌曲导入 　　2 知识呈现 铺设阶梯 　　3要点提醒，操练运用 　　4 直击中考 深入探究 　　5 课后练习 巩固所学 　　第一步：创设情景 歌曲导入 　　我选择了英文歌曲《Lemon Tree》来导入本课的知识，请学生把歌曲最后一句空缺的词填上。I wonder how I wonder why 　　Yesterday you told me "bout the blue blue sky 　　Is just a yellow lemon tree （答案：that, that, that） 　　根据以上所说的2句I like the song whose name is Lemon Tree very much.?all that I can see is just a yellow lemon tree.请学生分析这两个句子中划线部分所出现的语法现象，由此导入到“定语从句”。 简单但动感的FLASH很符合学生的口味，学习兴趣一下被调动起来。重要的是本歌的歌词中含有定语从句，可以于欢快的节奏中导引学生轻松自然地进入语法话题。 　　第二步：知识呈现 铺设阶梯 　　呈现定语从句的定义和结构使学生加深对定语从句的结构和关系代词、关系副词的印象，以便下面的竞赛中更好的发挥。 　　第三步：要点提醒，操练运用 　　为了更好的调动学习积极性，加强学生思维能力、协作竞争能力及强化团体荣誉意识。在本环节中，我采取了竞赛形式，把全班分成二大组，看哪方得分高。竞赛内容分为四部分： 　　第一部分基础语法知识(必答)：以抽签的方式选择本组所答的题，所有的题都是有关定语从句的理论知识填空，包括定语从句中的先行词、关联词、关联词的省略以及各个关联词的区别。使学生加深对定语从句的结构和关系代词、关系副词的印象，以便下面的竞赛中更好的发挥。对学生来说完成本项任务轻松、新鲜、又有一定的竞争，学生兴趣又一次被调动。复习基础理论知识，为以下的实际操练做较好的准备，提高准确率。 　　第二部分合并定语从句。贯彻由易渐难的原则，先从相对简单的题型开练，重点巩固关系代词的选择，并在第一题：The woman is our English teacher. He speaks English very well. →The woman who（that） speaks English very well is our English teacher 　　中点出另外一个知识点：定语从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。鼓舞士气，提高自信心。 　　第三部分辨析正误，并说明原因。这部分主要是帮助学生区分关系代词that 和which的不通用的特殊情况。1.2题是帮助学生辨析只能使用that而不使用which的特例。两个题并不能全部体现只能使用that而不使用which的特殊情况，所以在做完1、2题后全班一起总结，帮助他们将知识系统化。3、4题帮助学生区分只能使用which而不使用that的特殊情况。贯彻由易渐难的原则，简单的关系代词会用后，逐渐进入到关联词使用的特殊情况，是学生更全面的掌握定语从句。 　　第四部分格言英译中（抢答）。有了以上几部分的复习巩固，学生已经掌握了定语从句的`必要知识点，本部分用英文表达几句著名的格言，帮助学生将知识升华。有利于学生知识面的拓展，也为以后写作做积累。 　　第四步 直击中考 深入探究 　　本环节中我精选了历年中考真题，少而精，体现难易度，并巩固本课的定语从句，激起学生英语学习的成就感和自信心。 　　第五步：课后作业，巩固所学 　　写作在中考中占较大的比重，故平时要多加训练，承上所提奥运话题让学生以感想并结合自身实际写短文，进一步锻炼在实际中运用定语从句的能力。而且本次教学活动关于定语 　　从句的任务设计理念是按“词→句→文” 循序渐进，所以写作便是前面部分很好的延续和提高了。 　　 六、 课后反思 　　本堂课由于是公开课，虽然说已经花了大量的时间做了充分的准备，但由于前面的时候有点紧张，本堂课的内容大，以及课时的一些应变做得不够好，尽管说顺利地完成了教学，但是感觉还是没有达到自己预期的效果。比如说平时和学生口语的交流在本节课没有充分的体现出来，互动不够好；速度偏快，没有给学生留下足够的空白时间思考问题；作为重要教学辅助工具的黑板利用不够。从整体上看，本节课将语法复习课揉入情景交际之中，注意语法课的实用性和趣味性的结合，应该说是比较成功的一堂课。日后我将更加注意语法实用性和趣味性的探究，努力上好每种类型的课。谢谢大家！！！ 　　初中定语从句说课稿二 　　 1 教学内容: 　　 2 教材处理: 教材中原来是以音乐为话题开展语言学习的.结合学生的生活实际和兴趣点,设计了"谈论理想中的学校"来替换原有的话题;保留了教材中需要呈现的点:who ,which, that在定语从句中的基本用法以及定语从句的基本概念;将教材中原需要几个课时才能讲解和呈现的语法现象浓缩在一个课时中进行,其他课时则围绕这一语法现象拓展语法学习;教材内容也不再局限于原有教材提供的语言结构和语法现象,而是根据学生的表达需要适当讲解和扩展. 　　 3 教学目标 　　1 语言知识目标 　　(1) 了解定语从句的概念和基本用法 　　(2) 区别并正确使用关系代词who, which, that 　　(3) 了解关系代词与先行词之间的位置关系 　　2 能力目标 　　(1) 能在交际中正确,恰当地使用定语从句. 　　(2) 能灵活,恰当,适度地表达自己的观点 . 　　3 情感目标 　　(1) 激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的探究精神 　　(2) 增进师生了解,校际了解,增强情感交流 　　4 教学重点和难点 　　1 区分which 和who 在定语从句中的基本用法 　　2 了解如何将定语从句插入主句之中 　　3 让学习不同教材,有着不同学习水平和学习进度的学生都能理解本节课的授课内容,并 达 到预定的教学目标. 　　5 教学方式: 任务型教学途径 　　1 任务主题 : 我理想中的学校 　　2 任务链 : 师生相识 --- 介绍师生双方所在学校--- 谈论理想中的学校--- 给校长提建议 　　6 教具 　　1 学生人手一份表格,文字材料 　　2 ppt 文件 　　7 学生情况分析 　　 教学设计 　　 1 设计思路 　　定语从句并不是初中阶段的重点教学内容.对于初中生来说,这一语法现象比较复杂和概念化,不容易理解和准确运用,因此通常被安排在初三,并且只要求学生具有初步的定语从句知识.鉴于以上情况,笔者在教学中尽量采用直观的方式演示不易理解的概念,锻炼学生用英语直接思维,交际和解决问题的能力.笔者贯彻"学中用,用中学"的教学理念,让学生在"谈论熟悉的同学,才谜语"之类的真实语境中尽快融入课堂学习中,理解,归纳和应用有关定语从句的知识.笔者还让学生在完成任务的过程中进一步巩固所学内容.学生通过观看和描述不同学校的图片,与同学商量如何完善给学校的建议,给校长写一封建议信等活动,灵活运用了定语从句.整个教学过程扎实,有序而又不失活泼. 　　 2 教学过程 　　第一部分:课前任务活动 　　step 1师生互相了解(语言点: who, that 在定语从句中的用法) 　　(1) 教师让学生用英语描述一位学生,以这种方式主动与学生相识. 　　t:i'm very happy today to meet you here. i hope you"ll like my lesson. actually this is the first time i meet you . so would you like to introduce someone in you class to me ? 　　ss: ( a little excited) yes! 　　t: remember, when i call your name, please don't move. other students will describe you in english, and i'll try to find you quickly. now, let's try the first one.who is ....? 　　(2) 教师边听不同学生描述边寻找被描述的学生,同时,适当板书学生所说的描述人物的话,如: 　　tony is a boy . he is very tall. 　　he is sitting in the second row. 　　he has short hair. 　　he wears a pair of glasses. 　　(3)教师找到第一位被描述的学生之后,请学生注意黑板上的句子,启发他们将这些短句连成长句.教师示范用定语从句的关系代词who , that 连接这些句子,然后让学生总结规律并模仿将黑板上的句子用关系代词连起来;学生在用定语从句继续描述其他同学,以此帮助教师找到更多不认识的学生. 　　t: look,there are so meny short sentences on the blackboard. can you join themtogether to make a long sentence? 　　s1: tony is a boy, and ut he is very tall? 　　t: good. any other way? 　　s2: tony is a tall boy . 　　t: yes,that's a better way. what else? 　　tony is a boy who is very tall.(教师擦掉第二句的主语he,替换为who ) 　　t: and we ca also say :tony is a boythat is very tall.(在who 旁边加上 that) 　　we use"who hat to describe a boy . now, can you join the first sentence with next three sentences, just like i do? 　　ss: ...... 　　t : let's go on the game using "someone is a boygirl who that... 　　(设计说明) 　　这一设计自然地将学生带入到了学习情境中,可以有效地减轻他们的学习焦虑感.这种师生互动也容易快速消除师生之间的陌生感.如果教师想让学生多说多练的话,可以适当延长寻找的时间,多让一些学生进行描述.在导入定语从句时,笔者没有先将语法概念告诉学生,而是直接呈现定语从句的用法,不仅直观清楚,省时高效,也锻炼了学生直接用英语思维的能力和运用所学语言的能力. 　　step 2 猜谜语 ( 语言点: which, that 在定语从句中的用法) 　　(1) 教师逐一用幻灯片呈现一些句子,并让学生来猜"这是谁?'. 　　t: just now, you introduce some of your classmates to me .now it's my turn to introduce a friend .do you know donna? 　　ss: nomadonna? that singer?mcdonald? 　　t : here are sime hints. donna is a lady who loves music. 　　ss: madonna! 　　t :no! donna is a lady that likes you a lot. 　　s1: is it you? 　　t: donna is a lady who is standing in front of you! 　　ss: ah! you are donna! 　　(设计说明) 　　这一设计起到了承上启下的作用.从"找学生"到"猜老师",再到下一步的"猜谜语",过渡自然,节省了大量的讲解时间,学生也能轻松进入学习状态. 　　(2) 教师呈现一些用定语从句写成的谜语让学生猜测,然后启发学生总结并说出which和who在定语从句中的用法区别 　　t: now, i have more riddles.would you like to have a try? 　　ss: yes, of course. 　　t： what is the day which hat comes after monday? 　　ss: tuesday. 　　t: yes. easy,what is the vegetable which hat can be made into french fries? 　　ss: potato. 　　t :what is the fruit which hat we often eat in summer? 　　ss: watermelon. 　　t: here comes the most difficult one. what is the animal which hat can always be found in baseball game? 　　t: it's a bat.baseball bat. it's just a joke.but can you tell me why we use "which" or "that" instead of "who" or "that" in these sentences? 　　ss: day. vegetable.fruit. animal 　　(3)教师用幻灯片演示主句与定语从句修饰和被修饰的关系，并请学生仿照这些句子用which和that创编一些谜语,让全班共同猜测,教师给予必要的指导. 　　(设计说明) 　　学生通过比照黑板上和幻灯片中的两类句式,不仅能发现which和who的用法和区别,达到快速理解和运用定语从句的目的,也进一步增加了探究所学语法的兴趣.编谜语活动还为学生提供了一定的发挥和想象空间,并由此开始了本节课的写作活动. 　　step 3 看图片谈论学校( 语言点:练习用who, which或that将短句连成定语从句,了解主从句的位置关系) 　　(1) 教师呈现一些标有文字注释的学校图片,引导学生将图片上的短句连成定语从句,并用动画效果来显示正确语句. 　　t: do you know about my school? 　　ss: no. 　　t: do you want to visit it? 　　ss:yeah! 　　t: ok, follow me.let's have a look at some pictures of my school. and please try to join two sentences into one sentence, using "who" ,"which" or "that".(showing pictures) many people ca remember the gate . it's so different from others. 　　s1: many people can remember the gate which hat is so different from others. 　　t: our school also has a long history. the history is over 100 years. 　　s2:our school has a long histore which hat is over 100 years. 　　t:the man is talking to the visitors. he is our priciple. 　　s3:the man who is talking to the visitors is our principle. 　　t:we can see the students. they are studying in different places. 　　s4:we can see the students who are studying in different places. 　　t: many students come to visit our school.they are from different countries. 　　s5: many students who are from different countries come to visit our school. 　　(2) 教师再呈现其它一些没有文字注释的图片,让学生用定语从句描述自己的母校. 　　(设计说明) 　　通过真实的情景展示,巩固和扩展所学语言,图片注释为学生的表达提供了充分的语言支持.注释句子由短到长,由易到难,层层递进,不断有新的挑战,使学生乐于实践,不怕 出错,边学边用.即使有些语句不太熟悉,他们也能够借助画面理解.这一活动为下一步让学生用自己的语言描述母校做了很好的铺垫. 　　第二部分:任务实施阶段(巩固与创新) 　　step 4 调查"你喜欢什么样的学校?"( 语言点: 用定语从句进行交际) 　　谈论完两所学校后,教师让学生进行小组讨论,用"what kindof school eacher do you like? i like the school which..... he teacher who hat..."来谈一谈对学校的感受和对学校的意见或建议,在讨论的同时用定语从句记录理想中的学校是怎样的,并与同伴交流感受; 最后向全班同学做简单的汇报,例如:in my group, we all like the school which.... 　　(设计说明) 　　学生在上一步的交流活动中已经产生了很多想法,这一步适时地让他们表达出来显得很自然. 在教师提供的语言支持下,学生能够给学校建设提出很多好的建议.在表达过程中,学生的语句会有较多扩展,教师可以走到各组中间给予适当的指导.这也为下一步写作作好了铺垫. 　　step 5 给校长写一封信(语言点: 用定语从句写作) 　　学生齐读教师呈现的信件范例,了解如何将调查结果以书面的形式表达出来,同时注意建议信的语气表达; 然后仿造例文用定语从句给校长写一封信,提出自己对学校的建议,以总结前一步的活动,并练习和巩固所学内容. 　　step 6 作业布置 　　学生完成给校长的信 　　(设计说明) 　　这一步是整节课的升华,能够用一节课的时间即完成语法的落实,又有梯度地将听说落实到读写上,新文体的仿写是关键所在. ;

可以youarecleverTheboy（whoisshy）iswearingablackcoat.括号中的是定语从句whoisshy修饰Theboy男孩。译文：这个害羞的男孩正穿着一件黑外套。Theboy（whoiswearingablackcoat）isshy.括号中的是定语从句whoiswearingablackcoat修饰Theboy男孩。译文：这个穿着黑外套的男孩很害羞。恩差点没搞明白呵呵自己意会下你说的那个语法没错。

你其实就是被2个had搞晕了，你其实可以先不必考虑时态问题，就当做现在时。这是一个定语从句，如果不考虑时态，并且把连接词补上的话应该是这样的the machine（that）he had run ,为什么连接词可以去掉呢，因为这里machine做宾语，当先行词做宾语的时候，这里的连接词that是可以去掉的，正如你所说的 “have sth done,这里是have machine run”。至于时态问题没什么好纠缠的，因为机器运转发生在他提及这件事之前，所以过去完成时最适合，所以选择A，其它答案都不合理，D是肯定不对的，have sth done是固定用法，像have, make, get, keep这些词后面直接可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的，不用加been，比如I have my hair cut

The man who I talked to is a doctor.

是分别用定语从句和非谓语从句造句，还是用这两种造一个句子？？定语：Aforeignchildwhoisinfrontofthetablewiththetwoforksiseatingnoodles.非谓语：Aforeignchildiseatingnoodlestousetwoforksinfrontofthetable.定语+非谓语：Aforeignchildusingtwoforksinforntofthetableiseatingnoodles.

The "one"，可明确指代物时

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.

e, Silas exhaled, telling himself to clea

定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 4 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 介词+关系词 ）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 As 的用法 例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。 I think (that) you will like the stamps. What we need is more practice. 15 关系代词that 的用法 ）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

这是【each time引导的时间状语从句】。 Each time she came to see me she would advise me to give up smoking. 句子意思： 每一次她来看我，她都会建议我戒烟。 祝你开心如意！

你说的很对，time有两个意思。一个是表示时间，一个是表示次数。表示时间的话，就用when，而表示次数的话，通常是一些固定句型。如：it is/was the 序数词 time that +从句（从句的谓语动词用现在完成时或过去完成时，一定取决于is和was的时态。）

who的宾格whom

这个不是省略why，而是省略了关系代词that。

在这个句子中，reason在定语从句中做主语。可以将原句还原为：Two possible reasons that a person can be beat deaf are…。

　　 way的用法大全： 　　way的用法1：way的基本意思是“路,道,街,径”,一般用来指具体的“路,道路”,也可指通向某地的“方向”“路线”或做某事所采用的手段,即“方式,方法”。way还可指“习俗,作风”“距离”“附近,周围”“某方面”等。 　　way的用法2：way作“方法,方式,手段”解时,前面常加介词in。如果way前有this, that等限定词,介词可省略,但如果放在句首,介词则不可省略。 　　way的用法3：way作“方式,方法”解时,其后可接of v -ing或to- v 作定语,也可接定语从句,引导从句的关系代词或关系副词常可省略。 　　way的用法4：by the way表面上似乎暗示打算顺便补充些不太重要的话,但事实上却常被用来引出一个其实是十分重要的.话题。 　　way的用法5：way用作副词时意思是“远远地,大大地”,通常指在程度或距离上有一定的差距。 　　way的用法6：way back表示“很久以前”。 　　 way的常用短语： 　　用作名词 (n.) 　　all the way 　　always the way 　　by the way 　　by way of 　　come sb"s way 　　every which way 　　get〔have〕 one"s own way 　　give way (to) 　　go one"s own way 　　go out of one"s way 　　go sb"s way 　　have it both ways 　　have it one"s own way 　　in a big way 　　in a way 　　in the way 　　look the other way 　　make one"s way 　　make way 　　no way 　　 way的用法例句： 　　1. Sometimes things have to fall apart to make way for better things. 　　有时候要到达谷底，才会慢慢变好。 　　2. His destination was Chobham Common, a long way from his Cotswold home. 　　他的目的地是乔伯姆公地，那里和他在科茨沃尔德的家离得很远。 　　3. She was afraid in a way that was quite new to her. 　　她感到从未有过的害怕。 　　4. They will not allow your more way-out ideas to pass unchallenged. 　　他们不会放过你这些古怪的念头的。 　　5. It"s a long way to go for two people in their seventies. 　　对于两个七十几岁的人来说，这段路太远了。 　　6. We are taught to construe these terms in a particular way. 　　我们被教导要以特定的方式理解这些词语。 　　7. She is a long way from being the richest person in Britain. 　　比起英国首富，她还差得远呢。 　　8. He mixed business and pleasure in a perfect and dynamic way. 　　他以互动的方式将工作和娱乐完美地结合起来。 　　9. He"s pissed. Let"s get out of his way before he starts spewing. 　　他很恼火。趁他还没有发作，我们赶快离他远点儿。 　　10. He reached the garden gate and thrust his way through it. 　　他来到花园门口，挤了进去。 　　11. The pull-out of the army paves the way for independence. 　　军队的撤出为独立铺平了道路。 　　12. I can"t think of a worse way to spend my time. 　　我想不出更糟的消磨时间的办法。 　　13. He seemed fond of her in a strictly professional way. 　　他似乎只是出于职业缘故而喜欢她。 　　14. Constance doesn"t have a way with words like you do. 　　康斯坦丝没有你这么健谈。 　　15. The barb stung her exactly the way he hoped it would. 　　如他所愿，这句带刺的话刺痛了她。

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 一、 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间

同位语从句 （解释说明）定语从句 （限定）

1.This is the material from which the glass is made2. The speech which bored everyone went on and on3. I still remember the time when we knew each other.4. A country should be one that can provides health,comfort and freedom for its people.6. The best thing that you can do is to study hard.

related前面省略了which are，所以是定语从句，be related to是一短语，与……相关的意思

makes，前面的different countries have different cultures,做整体，动词用单数

whose 和 of which 的区别是它们在句子中的语法结构的不同。whose 是关系代词，引导其后的形容词性从句直接修饰先行词；of which 是介词短语结构，其中关系代词 which 引导的名词性从句并不直接修饰先行词，而是作介词 of 的宾语，与其构成介词短语作被修饰的先行词的后置定语。whose 和 of which 在在词典释义上完全相同，都表达从句内容与先行词的从属关系。由于它们语法结构的不同，导致跟随其后的从句在句子表述上有所不同。因此这两个从句不可直接换用。比较：This is a best-selling American novel whose translator is my Chinese teacher.This is a best-selling American novel of which the translator is my Chinese teacher.

你这2个句子都是错误的

以下是一个例句：I have many books, of which some are novels and others are biographies.在这个例句中，"of which"引导了一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词"books"。这个定语从句的作用是对先行词进行补充说明，而不是限制其范围。这个定语从句的意思是“我有很多书，其中一些是小说，另一些是传记。”

关系代词在定语从句中用来指事、物，不指人，也就是说，当先行词是事、物时，一般情况下使用which,一些特殊的先行词后面才使用that.ofwhich用在特定的情形，前面往往有代词或数词，如Theseareinterestingstories,oneofwhichwaswrittenbyme.YesterdaymorningItooksomewonderfulphotos,threeofwhichweregiventomysister.

当定语从句的引导词是下列词时，可以用介词+which来换：whose=ofwhich(指物)when=onwhichwhy=forwhichwhere=inwhich

定语从句中whose和of which 经常可以互相替换但在下列情况下二者不能替换：（1）形式不同。如： ①The house _______ windows face south is our reading-room. ②The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room. A. of which B. whose C. which D. its ①的答案是B；②的答案是A。（2）同样，在名词前已有限定词时，只能用of which/whom，不能用whose，因为限定词不可罗列在一起使用。（3）whose 即可以指人，又可以指物，而of which 只能用来指物。（4）of which 除了可以表示所属关系外，还可以用来表示整体的关系，而whose则不能。（5）引导非限制性定语从句多用whose，而很少用表示所属关系的介词of which（6）当of 不具有“所属”含义时，只能用of which (whom) 或which (whom, who )... of，不能用whose。

说得简单点：which，就直接指代先行词ofwhich，等于就是指代of+先行词。也就是说，如果把先行词补充进从句，它前面有of具体的可以看http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%B6%A8%D3%EF%B4%D3%BE%E4希望能帮助你：）

which指代物，一个物品 最为常用。in/on which=where 视具体地点而定、for which=why 表示原因of which 指代在……（可能是一个集团等）之中。在非限制性定从中，which最为常用，可以指代一整句句子而非一个东西或单元。若有具体问题可追问，谢谢！

whose引导定语从句时，只能在句中作定语。which引导定语从句可以在句中主语和宾语，有时也作定语。of which引导定语从句，在句中作定语。whose是who，which的所有格，当是who的所有格时候就用of whom而不是of which。扩展资料：That 引导定语从句，在从句中代替先行词作主语或宾语，可代替人或物。这是that后面不能接着名词。This is the only thing that we can do now. 宾语The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One. 主语whose 引导定语从句，在从句中代替先行词做定语，也是可以指人也可指物。因为做定语，所以后面一定紧跟个一个名词。

1. 关系代词whose，引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物，在从句中只能作定语；of whom只能指人；of which只能指物，有时whose可以与of whom和of which互换使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。 The house whose doors are green is an office building. 门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。 2. “介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。如： I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我爱我的祖国，为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。 3. 在下列情况下，一般只用of whom和of which。 (1) 定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom和of which。 In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don"t know. 房间里有很多人，很多人我不认识。 He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事书，有几本故事书我还从未看过。 (2) 定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom和of which。如： The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。 (3) 定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如： There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我们班有五十个学生，所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。 He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了两棵树，这两棵树都长得好。 (4) 在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟，李蕾是他们中最小的一个。 There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one. 亚洲有很多国家，中国是最大的一个。 这样讲不晓得你明不明白？

主要是介词的选用。这要看先行词，也就是定语从句所修饰的名词与要用的介词之间的搭配：Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝色封面的书递给我。书的封面，on the cover,介词用onI want to find the very pen with which Iwrote that letter.我想找到我用来写那封信的那支钢笔。用钢笔写字，write with a pen,介词用witIs this the museum (where=)in which the exhibition was held.这就是举办展览的博物馆。在博物馆里举办展览，in the museum,介词用inI will never forget the day (when=)on which I joined the army..永远忘不了我参军的日子。具体的一天用on that day, 介词用on,

看定语部分缺什么，决定是用什么

of which 其中/..的 eg:there are 100 people,30 of which are students. which 是指代people.(which是代词)