语法

语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子 sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structrural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction[B]动词[/B][B]verb[/B]主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective[B]副词[/B][B]adverb[/B]方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition[B]句子[/B][B]sentence[/B]简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence patern[B]句子成分[/B][B]members of sentences[/B]主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object[B]补语[/B][B]complement[/B]主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial[B]句法关系[/B][B]syntatic relationship[/B]并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction[B]数[/B][B]number[/B]单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form[B] [/B][B]格[/B][B]case[/B]普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case[B]性[/B][B]gender[/B]阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter[B]人称[/B][B]person[/B]第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person[B]时态[/B][B]tense[/B]过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense[B]语态[/B]voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice[B] [/B][B]语气[/B][B]mood[/B]陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood[B]否定[/B][B]negation[/B]否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation[B]语序[/B][B]order[/B]自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech[B]一致[/B][B]agreement[/B]主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic

语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子 sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structrural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction[B]动词[/B][B]verb[/B]主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective[B]副词[/B][B]adverb[/B]方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition[B]句子[/B][B]sentence[/B]简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence patern[B]句子成分[/B][B]members of sentences[/B]主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object[B]补语[/B][B]complement[/B]主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial[B]句法关系[/B][B]syntatic relationship[/B]并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction[B]数[/B][B]number[/B]单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form[B] [/B][B]格[/B][B]case[/B]普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case[B]性[/B][B]gender[/B]阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter[B]人称[/B][B]person[/B]第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person[B]时态[/B][B]tense[/B]过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense[B]语态[/B]voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice[B] [/B][B]语气[/B][B]mood[/B]陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood[B]否定[/B][B]negation[/B]否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation[B]语序[/B][B]order[/B]自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech[B]一致[/B][B]agreement[/B]主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic

常用语法术语表 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 词类 part of speech 实词 notional word 虚词 structrural word 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret moun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possesive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentwence 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 基本句型 basic sentence patern 句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语 dual object 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement 主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial 句法关系 syntatic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制 double-restriction 非限制 non-restriction 数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form 格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case 性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter 人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense 过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense 语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation 转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic

语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子 sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structrural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction[B]动词[/B][B]verb[/B]主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective[B]副词[/B][B]adverb[/B]方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition[B]句子[/B][B]sentence[/B]简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence patern[B]句子成分[/B][B]members of sentences[/B]主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object[B]补语[/B][B]complement[/B]主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial[B]句法关系[/B][B]syntatic relationship[/B]并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction[B]数[/B][B]number[/B]单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form[B] [/B][B]格[/B][B]case[/B]普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case[B]性[/B][B]gender[/B]阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter[B]人称[/B][B]person[/B]第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person[B]时态[/B][B]tense[/B]过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense[B]语态[/B]voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice[B] [/B][B]语气[/B][B]mood[/B]陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood[B]否定[/B][B]negation[/B]否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation[B]语序[/B][B]order[/B]自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech[B]一致[/B][B]agreement[/B]主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic

词性：名词 countable/uncountable noun （c/u./n.）代词：pronoun (pron.)冠词：definite/indefinite article 数词：number (num)量词：quantifier 动词：transitive/intransitive verb (vt/vi)助动词: auxilary verb 情态动词：modal verb非谓语：non-predicate 连词：conjunction (conj) 形容词：adjective(adj)副词：adverb(adv) 叹词：exclamation 介词：preposition(prep)句子成分：主语：subject (S) 谓语：predicate 宾语：object (O)定语：attributive 状语：adverbial补语：complement (C)联系动词：linking verb 表语：predicative五种简单句：1. S + V(Vi) 2. S+ V(vt)+ O 3. S+ V(linking V)+P 4. S+ V+ IO(indirect object)+ DO (direct object) 5. S+ V+O+ OC (object complement)

时态：tense语态：voice单数：singular form复数：plural form主谓一致：agreement of subject and verb定语从句：attributive clause名词性从句： noun clause状语从句：adverbial clause虚拟语气：subjunctive mood

语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 名词 noun

subject s 主 predicate v 谓 object o 宾 attributive attrib 定 complement c 补 adverbial 状语,好像没缩写吧 predicative p 表语 1、主语 subject S2、谓语 predicate V3、表语 predicative4、宾语 object O5、宾补 object complement OC6、状语 adverbial7、定语 attribute8、同位语 appositive9、插入语 parenthesis S--SUBJECT 主语 V--VERB 动词 O——object 宾语 P--表语 OC——object completment 宾语补足语 IO——inderect objiect间接宾语 DO——derect object 直接宾语 S+V 主谓结构 S+V+O 主谓宾结构 S+V+O+OC 主谓宾+宾语补足语 S+V+P 主语+动词+表语 S+V+IO+DO 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语结构1、主语（subject）是句子叙述的主体，一般置于句首，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。2、谓语（predicate）说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征或状态，一般由动词来承担。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。3、宾语（object），又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的对象或接受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语（间接宾语也称宾语补足语）两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响。4、定语（Attributive）是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。5、状语，英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial）。状语的功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。6、英语补语（Complement）的作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的，是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。7、表语（predicative）是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。8、宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。

subject s 主 predicate v 谓 object o 宾 attributive attrib 定 complement c 补 adverbial 状语,好像没缩写吧 predicative p 表语 1、主语 subject S2、谓语 predicate V3、表语 predicative4、宾语 object O5、宾补 object complement OC6、状语 adverbial7、定语 attribute8、同位语 appositive9、插入语 parenthesis S--SUBJECT 主语 V--VERB 动词 O——object 宾语 P--表语 OC——object completment 宾语补足语 IO——inderect objiect间接宾语 DO——derect object 直接宾语 S+V 主谓结构 S+V+O 主谓宾结构 S+V+O+OC 主谓宾+宾语补足语 S+V+P 主语+动词+表语 S+V+IO+DO 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语结构1、主语（subject）是句子叙述的主体，一般置于句首，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。2、谓语（predicate）说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征或状态，一般由动词来承担。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。3、宾语（object），又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的对象或接受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语（间接宾语也称宾语补足语）两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响。4、定语（Attributive）是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。5、状语，英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial）。状语的功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。6、英语补语（Complement）的作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的，是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。7、表语（predicative）是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。8、宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。

They are 2 adverbial phrases not clauses. Clauses should take the form of sentences. For example,Sally met her friend AFTER SHE WORKED . Sally met her friends IN ORDER THAT THEY COULD PLAN THE RECEPTION. Phrases are more direct and terse than clauses in most cases. However, you might use clauses instead if you want to offer more detailed information.

Adjoint adverbial

什么叫 小品词 ？ 小品词就是副、介同形的单词， 由于在句中的作用不同， 词性也就不同。 在没有搞清是介词，还是副词的时候， 就称之为“小品词”。 举例来说：看off这个词，就是典型的小品词，看下面几个例子： He walked off in a huff. 这里 off 修饰前面的 walk ，并且后面没有宾语，显然是副词； He shaved off his mustache. 这里 off 修饰前面的动词 shave ，表示“刮下来（胡子）”，此时 off 并非介词来表达，而起副词的作用，是副词小品词； The bird hopped off the branch. 这里 off 表示 hop 这个动作与其宾语 branch 之间的关系，即 “（鸟）在（树枝上）跳”，所以是起介词的作用；因为介词作用之一就是在不及物动词与宾语之间使动词能够“及物”（即带宾语）； 快速区分小品词在句中是介词还是副词的方法 如果小品词在动词后，且没有宾语，则为副词，如：The car swerved off into a ditch. 如果小品词在动词后，且有宾语，如果小品词挪到宾语后，整个短语意思不变，那么此时小品词做副词，如：She switched off the radio. 与 She switched the radio off. 的意思是一样的； 如果小品词在动词后，且有宾语，如果小品词不能挪到宾语后，否则语句不通，那么此时小品词做介词，如：Take your feet off the table! 此句中的 off 显然不能放到 table 之后； 参考附文 1 【理解要领】 ※介词、副词形一样， 句中作用不相同， 介词后面要宾语， 副词后面宾不用。 ※介词要和动一起， 副词可与动分开； 及物动词加副词； 不及物动词加介词， 加了介词相当于及物动词。 1. 常用介、副同形的单词有： in on up down off out over along by through across round across round near before behind past since under 最难区别的几个小品词： in on up out off down over through along by 2. 介词、副词的区别方法： 【判别方法】 He got off the bus /at the corner．（按照意群来划分， bus是off的宾语， 所以这里的off是介词） 他在拐角处下了公共汽车。 He get off /at the corner．（按照意群来划分， off后面没有词， 所以这里的off是副词） 他在拐角处下车。 I found him in. (in后没有名词， 它就是副词。 ) 我发现他在里面。 I found him /in the room. （按照意群来划分， in是和the room联系在一起构成介词短语的， 所以它是介词。 ） 我发现他在室内。 3. 副词的不同使用方法 【副词使用方法】 这种副词两边分， 有的跟动词联系紧； 有的句末单独行。 可跟动词一起构成短语动词的副词 in on up down off out over along by through across round 只能放在句末使用的副词 before behind past since under near 更多例句： They were here/ before six．（介词） 他们6点之前在这里。 He has done this sort of work before．（副词） 他以前干过这种工作。 Push the car /across the bridge. (介词) 请把车推过桥。 Put your hands across and tie them together. （副词） 请把双手交叉， 并将它们捆起来。 Peter is /behind us．（介词） 彼得在我们的后面。 He′s a long way behind．（副词） 他远远地落在后面。 The train passed/ through the tunnel. （介词） 列车穿过了隧道。 Let me pass through, please. (副词) 请让我通过。 She climbed/ over the wall．（介词） 她爬过墙头。 You′ll have to climb over too．（副词） 你也得爬过去。 When the meeting was over, the delegates went home．（副词） 会议结束后代表们各自回家了。 （这里over=finished结束） The shop is just/ round the corner．（介词） 商店拐过街口就是。 Come round（to my house）any evening．（副词） The earth moves /around the sun. （介词） 地球绕着太阳转。 The good news soon got around. （副词） He is sitting /on a chair. （介词） Go on! Come on! (副词) Turn the lights on. （副词） 晚上有空来我家串门。 He ran /up the stairs．（介词） 他跑上楼梯。 He went up/ in the lift．（副词） 他乘电梯上去了。 这些词中许多可以用来构成短语动词 The plane took off． 飞机起飞了。 （离开了地面） She put the scarf/ round her neck. （介词） He came round．（副词） 他恢复知觉了。 （恢复了意识） 4. 固定短语的分类 固定短语可以分为以下几类： 1）动词类： 动词加其它词构成的短语就叫做动词固定短语 1. 1）不及物动词＋副词＝不及物动词 不及物动词＋副词 词义 例句 break out happen爆发 The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937. 抗日战争爆发于1937年。 come over/drop in visit 来访 Come over anytime; we"re always in. 什么时候来访都行， 我们总在家里。 hurry up go quickly赶紧 We must hurry up, or we"ll be late. 我们的赶快走， 不然就要迟到了。 go far spread far走得远， 持续久 The news went far. 这消息传得很远。 This small tin of paint does not go far. 这一小罐油漆用不了多久。 pull in stop aside停靠 The train pulled in two hours late. 火车晚两小时到站。 stop over stay for short中途停留 Because the car broke down, we had to stop over for the night in the nearest town. 由于汽车拔锚， 我们只得在最近得小城镇里留宿。 take off fly up起飞 The pilot took off smoothly. 飞行员平稳地驾机起飞了。 get up arise 起立， 起床 He gets up at 6:00 in the morning every day. 他每天早上6:00起床。 1. 2）不及物动词＋介词＝及物动词 词例 词义 例句 注解 listen to 听 He is listening to a radio now. 他在听收音机。 listen不能直接接听的对象， 加to就可以了 look for 寻找 She is looking for her pencil now. 她在寻找她的铅笔。 look是看的意思， 加了for就是新的词义“寻找” look after 照看 My mother looks after my baby. 我母亲照看孩子 look 后面的介词不同， 词义就不同， 但与look有关， hear from 收到来信（等） Mother hasn"t hear from you for quite some time. 母亲好久没有接到你的来信了。 hear from 成了固定的词义， 表示受到来信， 信函等 hear of 听到， 得知 I"ve never heard of the place. 我从未听说过那个地方。 hear of是听别人谈到过的意思 read of 读到 I have read of Lu Xun. 我读过关于鲁迅的书籍。 read of不是直接读鲁迅， 而是读到过关于鲁迅的资料或书籍 laugh at 嘲笑 They laughed at the young man. 他们嘲笑过那位年轻人。 laugh at 可以带宾语， 而且表示嘲笑， 嘲弄的意思 run after 追赶， 追求 Some boy spend a lot of time and money running after girls. 一些男孩子花去很多的时间和金钱去追求女孩子。 run后加after， 主要是追赶某人或某种时尚：run当及物动词用， 通常是管理或经营的含义 stand for 代表， 象征 What does “PTO” stand for? “PTO”代表什么？ stand for 一起使用， 就相当于一个新词， 表示：代表， 象征的含义 1. 3）不及物动词＋副词＋介词(三个词在一起构成当作一个词来使用) 动＋副＋介 相当于 例句 cut down on reduce削减 We must all cut down on spending. 我们必须削减消费。 do away with abolish取消 They have done away with the old laws. 他们已经取消了这些就法律。 get out of leave离开 He got out of the car and shook hands with me. 他下车和我握手了。 get through with finish完成 She finally got through with the subject. 她终于完成了这个题目。 go along with agree同意 I can"t go along with you in this matter. 在这件事上我不能同意你。 look forward to expect期待 He is looking forward to seeing his new friend. 他期盼着见到他的新朋友。 put up with tolerate容忍 He puts up with almost anything. 他几乎容忍一切。 walk out on abandon放弃 He walked out on the subject. 他放弃了这个计划。 1. 4）及物动词+副词 及物动词+副词 相当于 例句 bring up educate 教育， 培养 They have brought their children up well. 他们把孩子教育得很好。 call up summon征召， 打电话 He was called up in 1971. 他在1971年被征召入伍。 Call me up tomorrow morning. 明早给我打电话。 find out discover发现， 理解 Think over. You must find it out for yourself. 想想吧， 你必须自己理解它。 put off postpone延期 The meeting has been put off. 会议延期了。 make out understand理解 It"s not easy to make out his ideas. 弄懂他的种种想法不是容易的。 take in deceive欺骗 You can"t take me in like that. 你不能那样欺骗我。 turn up appear出现 She really turned on the charm on the stage. 她在台上表现得真迷人。 back up support支持 They supported the school a lot. 他们给学校支持很大。 give up quit放弃 He has given up smoking. 他已戒烟。 make down change sth. smaller The clothes are made down for her sisters. 宾语在句中的位置 1. 5）及物动词＋名词＋介词（带介词宾语） 词例 词义 例句 catch（lay, get, take, seize） hold of 抓住， 占有 The boy took hold of the ladder and began to climb. 那孩子抓住梯子开始往上爬。 I"ll explain, and you will soon get hold of the idea. 我要解释一下， 你很快就会懂得这个意思的。 do a favor to/do sb. a favor 给别人帮忙， 给别人恩惠 Will you do me a favor to lend that book to me? 你能不能帮个忙把那本书借给我？ Can you do a favor to me? 劳驾， 可以帮我一下吗？ have confidence in 信人 I have perfect confidence in them. 我完全信任他们。 have an edge on 占优势， 胜过 I can"t beat you at tennis, but I have an edge on you in ping-pong. 打网球我无法赢你， 但是打乒乓球我比你强。 lay emphasis on 强调， 着重 Some schools lay special emphasis on language study. 有些学校特别重视语言的学习。 make a fool of 愚弄， 欺骗 Enough！ ， Don"t make a fool of me! 够了！ 不要捉弄我了。 make use of 利用， 使用 You must make good use of any opportunities you have of practicing English. 你必须利用好你所有的练习英语的机会。 pay attention to 注意 Pay attention to it. 请注意 take part in 参加， 参与 I have a meeting to take part in this afternoon. 今天下午我要参加一个会议。 会议 take account of 考虑， 重视 Have you taken account of possible shift in demand? 需求有可能变化， 你考虑到了吗？ 5. 学习和考试注意事项 【重点学习内容】 主要学会： 1. 不及物动词后加适当介词可以构成相当于及物动词的动词短语： Wait for sb. 就是典型的例子： 常有人说 I will wait you here. 还不知道错了。 应该说成 I will wait for you here. 因为wait 是不及物动词， 不能带宾语。 类似的还有： look at look for look after , listen to 等等， 并且注意类似于： read of 和hear of 这样的短语的区别。 2. 介词后面的名词， 或者相当于名词的词就是介词宾语， 既然是宾语就要用宾格， 特别要注意的代词宾格。 He is looking at me. She is looking after her sister. We waited for him for a long time. I heard of him before. 3. 同一动词后加不同介词/副词就会有不同的含义， 要当作一个新词来记: look at look about look ahead look around look as if look away look back look down upon look for look forward to look in look down look into look like look on /look upon look up to look on with look out look out ofr look over look round look through look to look to be 4. 及物动词带有副词后接宾语与不及物动词后接介词再加宾语是不同的。 1） 不及物动词后接宾语时， 动词和介词是不可分开的， 两者成为一个整体。 2） 及物动词后接副词， 该副词可以和动词分开， 特别是宾语为代词宾格的时候， 这个代词就要放在动词和副词之间。 He is always looking for his shoes. (不能分开) He always forgets to turn the lights off. He always forgets to turn off the lights. He always forgets to turn them off. （这个句子中的them指的是等， 不能放在off的后面， 因为它是代词宾格） 【考试项目】 1) 考词义 这是最难的， 任何人只要是学英语的， 都认为这是最难的， 即使是把英语用作母语的人们也认为这是最难的。 解决的方法就是：多读， 多背， 多分析， 多理解。 例如： Take after 像， 模仿 Take away拿走， 减去 Take back回收， 取消 Take down取下， 记录 Take from减少， 缩小 Take in吸收， 欺骗 Take off起飞， 免除 Take out取出， 摘录 Take over接收， 接任 Take to喜爱， 从事 Take up开始， 占用 Take…for. .把…当着… 2) 考结构 主要是会判断小品词是介词还是副词， 代词宾格是否可以放在动词和小品词之间。 任何考试都会有这一项， 即使博士生考试， 也会考到这一项。 这是一项既考语法也考习惯用法的题目。 实际上还是检查单词量， 如果我们把它当着一个单词记住了， 什么考试都不怕。 参考附文 2 What are Adverb Particles? Words like  in, out, up, down  etc., are not always prepositions. Read the sentences given below. He was driving down the street. Please sit down. He climbed up the stairs. She is not up yet. He is in the room. You can come in. In the expressions ‘down the street", ‘up the stairs" and ‘in the room", the words  down, up and in  are prepositions. Note that prepositions are always followed by nouns which act as their objects. For example, in the sequence ‘down the street", the noun street is the object of the preposition down. In the expressions ‘sit down", ‘she is not up" and ‘come in", the words  down, up and in  have no objects. They are adverbs and not prepositions. Small adverbs like these are often called  adverb particles  or  adverbial particles . Examples are:  above, about, in, out, up, down, before, across, off, on, below, behind etc. Note that many words of this kind can be used as both adverb particles and prepositions. Phrasal verbs Adverb particles are sometimes used together with verbs to form two-word verbs. These are often called  phrasal verbs . Examples are:  break down, put off, work out, give up etc. Could you please  switch on  the lights? Note that the meaning of a phrasal verb is not always guessable from the meanings of the individual words in it.

then的意思是“然后”。一般用于衔接两句话。比如：He first drinked a cup of water,then he picked up a picece of bread ,and ate it.

then 在此句中单独做时间状语，“在那时，当时”。它只是一个副词，当然不能替换成 when，也不能像 when 那样引导时间状语从句，因为只有从属连词才能引导状语从句。

producing后caterpillars是宾语，which引导定语从句producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair状语，表示结果。句子译：树獭如此不讲究卫生，结果它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。

没什么区别。比较口语化。

传统linguistics有：phonetics，phonology，morphology，syntax，semantics，pragmatics，现代语言学要划分得更细致

根据现有的数据预测指数增长值。根据现有的 x 值和 y 值，GROWTH 函数返回一组新的 x 值对应的 y 值。可以使用 GROWTH 工作表函数来拟合满足现有 x 值和 y 值的指数曲线。语法 GROWTH(known_y"s,known_x"s,new_x"s,const)Known_y"s 满足指数回归拟合曲线 y=b*m^x 的一组已知的 y 值。 如果数组 known_y"s 在单独一列中，则 known_x"s 的每一列被视为一个独立的变量。如果数组 known_y"s 在单独一行中，则 known_x"s 的每一行被视为一个独立的变量。如果 known_y*s 中的任何数为零或为负数，GROWTH 函数将返回错误值 #NUM!。Known_x"s 满足指数回归拟合曲线 y=b*m^x 的一组已知的 x 值，为可选参数。数组 known_x"s 可以包含一组或多组变量。如果仅使用一个变量，那么只要 known_x"s 和 known_y"s 具有相同的维数，则它们可以是任何形状的区域。如果用到多个变量，则 known_y"s 必须为向量（即必须为一行或一列）。如果省略 known_x"s，则假设该数组为 {1,2,3,...}，其大小与 known_y"s 相同。New_x"s 为需要通过 GROWTH 函数返回的对应 y 值的一组新 x 值。New_x"s 与 known_x"s 一样，对每个自变量必须包括单独的一列（或一行）。因此，如果 known_y"s 是单列的，known_x"s 和 new_x"s 应该有同样的列数。如果 known_y"s 是单行的，known_x"s 和 new_x"s 应该有同样的行数。如果省略 new_x"s，则假设它和 known_x"s 相同。如果 known_x"s 与 new_x"s 都被省略，则假设它们为数组 {1,2,3,...}，其大小与 known_y"s 相同。Const 为一逻辑值，用于指定是否将常数 b 强制设为 1。如果 const 为 TRUE 或省略，b 将按正常计算。如果 const 为 FALSE，b 将设为 1，m 值将被调整以满足 y = m^x。说明对于返回结果为数组的公式，在选定正确的单元格个数后，必须以数组公式的形式输入。 当为参数（如 known_x"s）输入数组常量时，应当使用逗号分隔同一行中的数据，用分号分隔不同行中的数据。

To be alive is disgusting. 翻译：活着真是可怕啊/令人厌烦啊！此句语法并无错误。不定式短语 to be alive 做句子主语，后面是系表结构。不过建议改成 It"s disgusting to be alive. 更地道一点。

disgusted: adj. 厌恶的；厌烦的这是对人的情绪的形容词，如：We felt disgusted for his spitting.他随地吐痰让我们觉得太恶心了。disgusting：adj. 令人厌恶的,恶心的这是对物或事的形容词， 如：Smoking is a disgusting habit.吸烟是一个令人厌恶的习惯。This smell is disgusting.这个味道很恶心。

energetic。考察词性转换，feeling意为“感觉”，后应用形容词。energy“精力”要转换为energetic“精力充沛的”。句子主语是she，谓语是return to，宾语是work，feeling energetic是现在分词作伴随状语。句意：她又去工作了，感觉精力充沛。

于学术界之外作为的就是为了文学教授或者哲学（儿存在的）吗？

同学,你的答案错了! hang作为不规则动词,它有两个意思：一是当挂、悬挂讲,二是吊死、绞死； 当作为悬挂讲时,他的过去式是hung、过去分词也是hung； For example:He hung his coat on the hook. 他把衣服挂在钩子上. 当作为吊死讲时,他的过去式是hanged,过去分词是hanged； example：The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑. 所以根据你的题意来看,应该用hang的过去式hung： He hung the picture on the wall!他把画挂在墙上! 一楼的麻烦你不懂就别乱说好吗,这水平还办英语培训?别误人子弟好吧!

Enclosedareourcatalogueandpricelistcoveringalltheproducts.该句采用了倒装，不倒装的是这样的：ourcatalogueandpricelistcoveringalltheproductsareEnclosed.也就是说，表语Enclosed放到了句首。主语：ourcatalogueandpricelistcoveringalltheproducts.coverringalltheproducts现在分词短语做定语修饰pricelist.谓语：are如果你认可我的回答，敬请及时采纳~如果你认可我的回答，请及时点击【采纳为满意回答】按钮~~手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~O(∩_∩)O，记得好评和采纳，互相帮助

while引导的是独立主格，不用加be动词，所以这句话是对的

这种从传统到整容的转变……

你说的很对，但是found和hear不一样啊，他们听到的声音和他们发现那个声音具体是什么，意思不同的

1. World War II intermediate stages in Central Africa, the Italian army more than 500 people follow orders to defend an air strip, they will have the firm concrete forever to prepare the labor potential, sufficient ammunition, even also obtained two might giant 88 artillery and the sufficient ammunition which 2 Germans will support, but will attack the side the British armed forces only then more than 400 people, even the nice heavy weapon will not have continually, English commanders to this time will attack basically do not report hopefully, even has already completed the plan which will retreat, but what is strange attacked just fires, the Italian gave up the resistance split out the white flag, when inquired accepted the surrender when why the Italian military officers did surrender, opposite party unexpectedly panting in indignation Saying: “we do not have the crow bar, does not have which the means open these to be supposed to die ball medicine kit!” 2.1 American and the Australian Allied armies 15,000 unified forces attack the island which a Japanese seizes, after has prepared 2 hour bombardments, the American Australia Allied armies debarkation and lost 25 soldiers after the fight to control the island completely, if certainly on the island had Japanese garrison troops" truly, this casualties numeral should also have to expand. 3. in famous “wolf group” in motion, German U dived has hit an allied armies" transport ship, after this full load military cargo and the blasting explosive transport ship is hit occurs has exploded greatly, each kind of thing everywhere which exploded randomly is flown, excited German arm force Captain U submarine ordered the submarine to surface the boat watches own combat success, unfortunately is exploded flies M4 which the space went the Sherman tank happen to fall the submarine for pounds has sunk ......And this submarine also becomes in the world until now only by the tank for the submarine which attacks and sinks. 4. allied armies Normandy Landing, commander who has not been defeated the German arm force trump card tank battalion nearly in the European theater has possibly been become confused the brains, directly leads the new style might giant tiger type tank which his subordinate and just equipped to open nearby Shanghai"s sand beach and allied armies" warship launches the correlation, its courage might praise extremely! But it is a pity they only in has launched after a turn shell, on the allied armies 3 10 thousand-ton battleship great artillery on these new style tanks for the direct bang return to the components condition. 5. in a bilateral rubber harbor, the German arm force mine is meeting Monday 0.3 0.5 then to lay mines every time, but the British armed forces mine sweeper meets Tuesday 0.4 0.6 then to go to the mine clearance every time, like this has continued the very long time, only arrives one day British armed forces commander because of on routine mine clearance work which but other matter has not attended to, second days came the German arm force mine sweeper which laid mines by oneself day before yesterday cloth sea mine to sink ......Rescues when the German arm force military officers in the British armed forces who falls in the water opposite party extremely indignant interrogation British armed forces military officers: How “do you do for the clearing unit can not be responsible like this! This is does not permit absolutely inside ours army! But “gentleman"s English also continuously very much feels sorry regarding this, therefore is rescued regarding these the German arm force gives the very good treatment continuously, ended until the war them delivers returning to homeland. 6. Soviet Union dispatches troops into battle Inner Mongolia, at that time the Japanese Army sharpest Guangdong (was known as in the Japanese Army"s armed forces flower) some to follow orders to defend somewhere the fort, possibly was goes to war in China have been many, has been used to the earth Chinese red army soldier"s millet plus rifles, will send out a cavalry soldier regiment the nearly more than 1000 people to sneak attack Soviet troops unexpectedly, wanted to give opposite party one to be caught off guard, at that time they sneak attacked that Soviet troops Army will be a pure mechanized force…But the so-called samurai spirit still let them take up the saber to ride the warhorse to fire into opposite party tank and the armored vehicle….The result was this Soviet troops Army continuously has afterwards eaten month-long horse meat improvement meals.

形容词作名词 表示便装望采纳

随便你 it is up to youCasual 是形容词。不能这么用比较好的是上面的说法you take it casual.如果非用casual

result from为固定短语,表示起因于，造成。类似于一个一个谓语动词。而was是谓语动词，这样两个谓语动词放在一起你觉得合适吗？

这是一个让步状语引导的从句 首先还原正常语序后原句就变成The competition becomes fierce [as more students get university degrees],resulting in …(后面不变) 所以显而易见,主语就是Competition,谓语是becomes.[]里的部分为状语 Resulting后引的是从句。你把Resulting改成Which result没错,可是不是Results,要用原形才对…明白吧

这里so...that 引导的是目的状语从句， 为了粪便能够排出去，这些笼子才这样设计的。resulting in a filthy build-up是现在分词短语作结果状语，实际上他们很少打扫，结果导致了脏东西的堆积。

jog的现在分词是：jogging。

第一句中scientists believe 是插入语。第二句中between为介词,后面应接宾语，当然用宾格me.第三句中lacking many comforts 和compared to royal palaces连续两个非谓语动词短语作状语似乎不妥，如果在compared前面加上逗号，compared to royal palaces就为插入语了，这样结构上更好些。

第2题，选C,表劣质的，选A没有意义，人工的?哪个画不是人工的?doesn"tmakesense.第3题，个人觉得Csupport较好。这种言行举止不能对您这样身份地位的人起到正面的支撑作用。即，不符合您的身份。A.become成为....,不符合题意，B.Fit适合，属于较大干扰项，fit更多用来表示衣服等大小适合，或者某个人是否适合某个职位;第4题，个人觉得A较好。表示一些基本的内容或知识;即入门知识;elment是元素、构成要素，语义就不符合题意了。第5题，个人觉得B较好;comprehensive强调大而全的综合includesalmostallthedetails，intergrated强调将不同事物混合、联系，强调不同事物内部的关联的这种综合;第6题，有趣的是，超市因为顾客的不诚实行为而招致损失;其他几个词义，相差甚远;一点建议:在做题的时候不能把一个单词先翻译成中文，然后根据中文的意思在题干中去套，看看能否说得通;大家知道英文单词和中文不是一一对应的;很多词翻译成中文，再根据中文意思去使用，我们就把这个词使用的外延给扩大了。汉字常用字才3500.;而英语却近万，所以一个汉字往往能有很多场合都能用，而英语单词使用的倾向性却非常明显。所以，背单词的时候一定要看英文解释，一定要使用英英词典，或者双解词典，切记不可用英汉，虽然简单，但是易错。希望对你有帮助。

CAST ( expression AS data_type )CAST(ytd_sales AS char(20))

萨芬撒阿萨德发

不可以，Which这里指代了前面整句话，怎么会单单跟homework联系起来。。。我觉得你有点弄错了

in reviewing the past在回顾过去。reviewingv.检验( review的现在分词 ); 复查; 写…的评论文章; 复习功课，温习功课By reviewing the world-wide academic researches on integrated qualitymanagement system, this paper analyzes the existing problems. 回顾了国内外对集成质量管理系统的研究成果，分析了目前仍然存在的问题。

这不是句子，是一个含有定语从句的词组

see 在英语中有“见证”的意思此时的主语通常为时间或城市或国家见证的内容通常为重大事件，或较大变化如， Shanghai saw the 2010 World Expo.The late 1990s saw China"s great changes.

Another reason that adoption is less popular today is the legality of abortion. 请问这句话里面的that从句引导的是定语还是同位语？答：that引导定语从句时，that为关系代词，在从句中不是作主语就是作宾语。that引导同位语从句时，that只是一个标志，后面的是由一个完整的陈述句变来的一个从句。that在从句中不作句子成分。这里adoption is less popular today. 不缺乏主语，不缺乏宾语，所以只能看作是同位语从句。不过翻译出来是一样的：现在收养孩子不怎么流行的另一个原因是流产的合法性。Another reason why adoption is less popular today is that abortion is legalized. why 引导的是什么从句？ why 从句和that 从句有什么区别吗？答：这个why引导的是定语从句。Why是关系副词=for which意为“因为这个理由”。译：现在收养孩子为什么不怎么流行的另一个原因是流产是合法的。其实 引导同位语从句的不仅仅是连词that, 还有Wh-词。不过，that引导的同位语从句是由一个陈述句变过来的，而wh-词引导的同位语从句必定是由一个疑问句变过来的，其先行词多为the quesion, 译作。。。。的这个问题I have no idea when he will come. 中when -从句是一个名词性从句，只所以将它理解为名词性从句是因为它前面的是一个名词idea, 其实这句话=I don"t know when he will come. 这时候的when 从句是宾语从句了。回复 独爱凡尘：不一样。作为名词性从句，wh-词引导的有两种情况，一种是纯名词性质=一个名词+wh-定语从句，还有一种是由疑问句变过来的，带有疑问特征的。而that引导的名词性从句是由一个陈述句变过来的。wh-词引导的同位语从句却是由一个疑问句变过来，片决定了其先行词应为一个表示问题的名词：question之类的。 其实你说的when, where, why词引导同位语从句时，前面必定不是表示时间、地点、和理由的名词也没有说错。但是除了I have no idea 这个idea之处，似乎找不出别的名词来。而fact, news, 等等常常后跟同位语从句的名词后是不会跟wh-引导的同位语从句的。而the question后面跟的同位语从句必定是由wh-词引导的。不只限于when, where, why这三个。 补充回答：同位语原来叫同谓语，这个谓是称谓的谓，由于和谓语相混淆，现在都改称同位语了。同位关系应理解成相同的内容，不同的称谓，比如：We students should do sth. 我们就是学生，这一道题目所谓的同位语和由why引导的定语从句，其实是出题者特意造出来的。只是从形式上（从that在从句中作不作成分）来判断的。翻译及实际作用都是定语。作为同位语从句，是有一点牵强的。它和：The fact that he is ill 他生病的这个事实 不太一样。它更象：The way that he talks to his father 他跟他父亲说话的方式，这个大家公认是定语从句，这个that=in which 还可以省略。为什么the reason that adoption is less popular today 中的reason不能理解=for which也可以省略呢？其实是可以省略的。因为这样的句子很少见（因为the reason有关系副词why,而the way没有关系副词【不知道为什么，how不是关系副词】），所以我们说它是同位语从句了。你的责疑是有道理的。现在我倒是怀疑说它是同位语从句的合理性了。

答案是C吧

我也不知道怎么回事，求助

这个问题问得很好，说明你很善于思考。可以这样理解：这的确是发生在过去的事，但是这里其实事件发生时间并不重要。因为，你要表达的意思实际是【过去的那段旅程是我现在最喜欢的】。因此，翻译出来就是：The/That trip is my favorite.也可以翻译成：That is the favorite tirp I have ever had.祝你开心如意！

级联更新或者级联删除是定义在表里面的，而不是在执行某个sql操作的时候定义的！例如：有个a表中的studentID外键引用了你现在的student表的uid字段，那么在表a上就可以用alter table a add constraint FK_OA_REDB foreign key (studentID) references student(uid) on update cascade on delete cascadego然后你在 student删除一条记录的时候 a表中对应uid的记录就会同时被删除了

increasing pace of life更好不要说become mental problems，应该是have mental problemsMental problems are caused by many reasons, such as后面加的应该是名词，你可以写such as being...第一段倒数第二行mainly改为main，后面the 去掉，最好写stress of learning没时间看下去了。话说我也很久没在知道回答问题了。

应在句首加that，主语从句

1. going --> go2. that"s [a] good idea3. which --> where4. territaries --> territories5. mean --> meant6. interested --> interesting7. 这里可能是没有at the8. ... 这句话本身很有问题，只能给个大概建议。 ... it"s always great fun getting to the beach. Then/and then, there"s 【这个是比较明显的错，但是不知道是打错还是错在这里？】 not just swimming . We can...9. playing --> play10. have [a] small barbecue11. ourself --> ourselves12. going --> to go13. pollution --> polluted14. is --> are [其实还有应该是not all of [the] beaches]15. of them [are] clean and safe 【我想clean and safe的游泳池不会只有一个吧。是的话就是is咯】16. 没有 a （dirty water 前面）17. hralthy --> healthy18. agree [with] me

Nobody would stand out admitting the fact for some reason what they lost the game.语法对吗?答：错。改：Nobody would stand out admitting the fact for some reason THAT they lost the game.析：为了句子的平衡，更为了考查学生的断句能力，句法，句意的理解，将for some reason插入到the fact 和同位语that 从句之间。引诱TX选择why， 因为很多TX都熟悉the reason why...楼上的4、5、14级都入了套！因为他们没有试着去理解、翻译这个句子。倒是我楼上的这个一级，从别处拷贝了原题及正确选项。但同样没有翻译。译：由于某种原因，没有一个人（会）站出来承认他们输了比赛的这个事实。 评：这个for some reason, 可以放句首：For some reason, nobody would stand out admitting the fact that -从句。也可以放句尾：Nobody would stand out admitting the fact that -从句 for some reason. 但是由于这个that-从句比较长，这个for some reason 放在这里，可能会引起误会，以为是从句中的状语：they lost the game for some reason.他们因为某种原因而输了球。所以才将它提前。

　　动词是一类词性，一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。在英语中，动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。我在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。 　　高考英语语法填空动词知识点 　　动词概说 　　1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。 　　a)表示动作：swim游泳push推 　　b)表示状态：have有be是 　　2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。 　　限定动词和非限定动词 　　从是否被主语所限定来分，动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。 　　1)限定动词 限定动词用作句子的谓语动词，并被主语所限定，有人称和数的变化。如： 　　He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。 　　Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。 　　We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 　　An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。 　　2)非限定动词 非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词，故不被主语所限定，没有人称和数的变化。如： 　　I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式) 　　Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词) 　　I heard them singing the Internationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词) 　　Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词) 　　实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词 　　从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(1ink verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。 　　1)实义动词 实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。如： 　　The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。 　　He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。 　　We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。 　　2)连系动词 连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。如： 　　It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。 　　It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。 　　The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。 　　Keep quiet，please!请安静!， 　　The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。 　　Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。 　　The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。 　　[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如： 　　The old man"s dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。 　　Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。 　　[注二]有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如： 　　The new text seens to be easy，but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易，其实相当难。 　　She appears to be the girl"s sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。 　　3)情态动词 情态动词有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。 　　[注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。 　　4)助动词 助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，wonld， do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。 　　及物动词和不及物动词 　　从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。 　　1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： 　　I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 　　"How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里问："这本书我可以借多久?" 　　Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 　　Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。 　　2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如： 　　Birds fly.鸟会飞。 　　It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。 　　My watch stopped.我的表停了。 　　She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 　　3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况： 　　a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： 　　Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) 　　She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) 　　When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) 　　They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) 　　b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： 　　Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 　　Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 　　4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况： 　　a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如： 　　We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) 　　Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) 　　Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) 　　b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。 　　Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。 　　短语动词 　　动词常和某些其他词类用在一起，构成固定词组，形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样，短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待，同一般动词一样使用。 　　1)动词 + 介词 这类短语动词用作及物动词，后面须跟宾语。如： 　　The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。 　　Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常听英语广播吗? 　　Look at the children. Aren"t they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀! 　　We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。 　　这一类的短语动词还有很多，如depend on (upon)(依*)，wait on (服侍)，look for (寻找)，deal with(对待)，look after(照料)，wait for(等待)等。 　　2) 动词+副词 这类短语动词有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词。如： 　　I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物) 　　Look out，there"s a car coming! 当心，来汽车了!(不及物) 　　Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已经交练习了吗?(及物) 　　Please don"t forget to put on your coat;it"s cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣，外面很冷。(及物) 　　这一类的短语动词还有很多，及物如 put out (扑灭)， eat up (吃光)，putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发)，come up(走近)，go on(继续)。 　　[注一] "动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词 + 介词"的不同之处在于："动词+ 介词"用作及物动词，后面须跟宾语。"动词 + 副词"则有的及物，有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时，副词往往放在宾语之后。如： 　　Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。 　　If you have done your exercises，please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。 　　She doesn"t normally behave like that;she"s putting it on.她通常并不如此表现，她是装出来的。 　　[注二] 这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如： 　　He took off his hat when he entered the office. 　　他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物) 　　The plane took off at seven sharp. 　　飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物) 　　Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting. 　　查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物) 　　If you can"t come，please ring up and let us know.你如来不了，请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物) 　　3) 动词 + 副词 + 介词 短语动词"动词 + 副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词，形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如： 　　Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment 　　不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(go on with继续) 　　He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近) 　　这类短语动词还有：look down upon(看不起)，do away with(去掉)，put up with(忍受)等。 　　4)动词 + 名词 + 介词 这类短语动词也是及物的。如 　　He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。 　　Young pioneers often come to the Children"s Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。 　　Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。 　　Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。 　　这一类短语动词还有：put an end to (结束)，take notice of (注意)，catch hold of (抓住)，lose sight of(看不见)，make use of(利用)等 　　动词的基本形式(principal forms of the verb) 　　1) 英语动词的四种基本形式 它们是动词原形(room form of the verb)，过去式 (past tense form)， 过去分词 (past participle)和现在分词 (present participle)。这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态、语态和语气。 　　原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 　　work worked worked working 　　write wrote written writing 　　have had had having 　　do did done doing 　　2) 动词原形 动词原形就是词典中一般给的动词的形式，如be，have，do，work，study等。 　　3)动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。规则动词(regular verb)的过去式和过去分词，由在原形后面加词尾-ed构成。 　　[注] 少数双音节动词，尽管重音在第一个音节，仍双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ed。如： 　　5travel-traveled 5level-1evelled 　　5total-totaled 5model- modelled 　　但美国英语不双写辅音字母，如travel-traveled。 　　不规则动词(irregular verb)的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的。这些动词为数虽不多，但都是比较常用的，必须熟记。不规则动词表见本书附录一。 　　4)动词的现在分词 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。 　　其构成方法如下： 　　a)一般情况下，直接加 -ing： 　　go-going 去 stand-standing站立 　　ask-asking answer - answering回答 　　study-studying学习 be-being是 　　see-seeing看 　　[注一] 和名词复数、动词第三人称现在一般时加-s(-es)不同，动词末尾如为"辅音字母 + y"时，y不变，其后直接加-ing。如studying [5stQdiiN]，fly - flying [5flaiiN]，carry-carrying [5kAriiN]。 　　[注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing，r在此必须发音。如： 　　enter [5entE] -entering [5entEriN]进入 　　answer [5B:nsE]-answering[5B:nsEriN]回答 　　wear [wZE] - wearing [5wZeriN]穿 　　b)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing。如： 　　come-coming 来 write-writing写 　　take-taking拿 become-becoming变成 　　c)动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加-ing。如： 　　Sit-sitting坐 run-running跑 　　Stop-stopping 停止begin-beginning开始 　　admit-admitting 承认 forget-forgetting忘记 　　[注一] send，think，accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾，但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母，因此，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加 -ing。如：sending，thinking，accepting。 　　[注二] 少数双音节的动词，重音在第一音节，仍双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ing。如： 　　5travel-traveling 5level-levelling 　　5total-totaling 5model-modelling 　　美国英语不双写辅音字母，如travel-traveling。 　　d)少数几个以-ie止结尾的动词，须将ie变作y，再加ing。如： 　　die-dying死， tie-tying捆，缚，系 　　lie-lying躺，说谎 　　[注]少数以-c结尾的动词变为过去式和现在分词时，须先将-c变为ck,然后再加 -ed或-ing。如： 　　picnic picnicked picnicking 　　traffic trafficked trafficking 　　高考英语语法填空题与答案 　　Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. 　　After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadn"t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn"t understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. What"s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren"t charged extra. 　　The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn"t mind. 　　【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者为我们讲述了一家人去迈阿密旅游时的一次经历。[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文，题材为个人经历。讲述了作者的一次旅游经历。虽然预订房间出现了差错，但问题得到了很好的解决，作者感到很满意。 　　16.【考点】本题考查替代。【答案】it【解析】本空用it代替前面出现的迈阿密。 　　17.【考点】本题考查副词比较级。【答案】earlier【解析】解此题关键在于本句中的had made可知，作者在到达迈阿密之前就提前六个月预定了房间。本句暗含比较，意思是“早在六个月前”。 　　18.【考点】本题考查时态和被动语态。【答案】were told【解析】事情在过去发生，所以用一般过去时。我们应该是由旅馆那边告知，所以使用被动语态;因为叙述的是过去发生的事情，we与tell之间是被动关系，所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态。 　　19.【考点】本题考查副词。【答案】but【解析】这是考虑not…but…结构，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”。not…but…不是……而是……。此处表示句意的转折。 　　20.【考点】本题考查连词。【答案】how【解析】意为“我不知道怎么会发生这样的事”，故用how。考查宾语从句的连接词。我不理解为什么会发生这样的事。/我不理解这样的事是如何发生的。 　　21.【考点】本题考查与动词搭配的介词。【答案】for【解析】因charge…for…意为“收费”，charge…for…为……收(费)。是习惯搭配。 　　22.【考点】本题考查副词用法。【答案】surprisingly【解析】解此题关键在于本空后的helpful是一个形容词，修饰形容词应该用副词。 　　23.【考点】本题考查冠词。【答案】the【解析】这里是特指顶层，所以用定冠词。the top floor顶层。 　　24.【考点】本题考查定语从句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定语从句，先行词是beach，where=on which=and on the beach=and there引导定语从句，修饰先行词the beach。因为先行词是地点名词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以填where。

basic

admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing 是一个系表结构的句子。admitting you regret having children是名词性短语做句子的主语。be equivalent to “等同于”，to不是不定式记号而是一介词，所以后面跟名词性词语构成介词短语。例如：1.This is equivalent to the fourth option listed above, in which some static method is invoked on an intermediary object. 这相当于上面所列出的第四个选项，在该选项中对中间对象调用静态对象。2. So, the previous statement is equivalent to the following statement. 所以，前一个语句和下面的语句等价。

f

Admittedly，with the rapid development of contemporary technology，artificial intelligence is of great significance for Improve human quality of life.这一句我觉得后面是“of great significance to improve human quality of life”，这里应用to，对于提高人类生活质量非常重要，of great significance其实就相当于形容词。medical science, physics and entertainment这里只是举例了人工智能应用的方面。但你没有用观点和详细例子说明人工智能的优势在哪里。Admittedly，with the rapid development of contemporary technology，artificial intelligence is of great significance for Improve human quality of life. Artificial intelligence is widely applied in medical science, physics and entertainment.（.....）我建议你改成“人工智能被广泛应用于医药科学，物理学和娱乐方面”。然后后面省略号的位置你应该说明人工智能的优势是什么。比如，你可以说Generally, artificial intelligence has advantages.接着就举出它的优势是什么，可以举例说明。 说完优势，就说劣势“On the other hand, we should also see its disadvantages.”（注意人工智能应用it代替，不要用物主代词his）The following solutions can account for this phenomenon.First and foremost,there is no doubt that artificial intelligence can make our work facilitate .Base on a most recent ,it is a revealed that a majority of successful social elites admitted that AI help they finish work faster.The following....,这一句我不懂你想表达什么？既然前面你说我们也要看到它的劣势。你同样也要举例说明它的劣势是什么，而不是重新回到advantages这个点上。应该分别说完人工智能的优势和劣势之后再进行总结。我觉得你开头写得还不错，但是后面很混乱。开头：写人工智能在社会的一个现象或情况主体：可以先表达自己对于人工智能的观点，你支持还是反对（ps. 如果是议论文最好这样写啦），然后写优势和劣势。结尾：写完主题内容，就总结啦（可以先写自己的观点，但如果前面已经写了，就不用写啦），可以表达利大于弊或弊大于利。交代一下你对人工智能未来前景的期待也可以。这样写逻辑就非常清晰啦。我觉得你用词还是挺不错的，但不要只注重套模板哦，要注意文章的逻辑性。最后如果你认同我的观点，希望你能采纳我的回答。♪(^∇^*)

本篇文章有些许错漏之处，我将改好的文章录于下方。其中粗体为欠考虑的地方，括号内为更改后的文章。A movie that impressed you mostAdmittedly，with the rapid development of contemporary technology，it is a large number of better films made in China.(a large number of better films were made in China. )Chang Jiang Qi Hao is is(is) one of my most impressive films. The following solutions can account for this cause.First and foremost, there is no doubt that the cost of the film is huge. Base(Based) on a most recent (survey) ,it is a revealed that a majority of people admitted that film cost more in made,they will earn more.（it is revealed that a majority of people admitted that if films cost more in making, they will earn more.）Furthermore, it is obvious that we can learn about deal to relationship with our family(dealing with relationship with our families.).A well family relationship,it is significant for to society stability.(A good family relationship is significant for social stability. )Last but not least, no one can deny that this movie the movie have a host of performers.(this movie has a host of perfomers.)We can see Zhou xing chi and Xu jiao in the film.in summary，Chang Jiang Qi Hao has brought me a lot of happiness and deep impression Taught me the essential of family relationships(teaching me essentials of family relationships).If we try our utmost to improve our family relationships, the future of our life will be both promising and rosy.

不对这里的admittedly是修饰reliable的一般来说 修饰整个句子的副词都是放在句首的如 luckily， i am not late for school.she is admittedly reliable. 这句话翻译时可以把admittedly翻译成修饰整个句子的副词毫无疑问，她值得信任。毫无疑问，她靠得住。

1.hundreds of murals and statues和small towns all over the United States是被动的关系2.动名词作主语，用完成时是因为won在struggle to establish之前发生，且 struggle 用的过去式3.因为是主动关系，细菌生活在土壤里，play是谓语

nevermind 是形容词性的 never mind是名词词性

下面内容摘自 高中英语语法通霸，希望对你有所帮助。非谓语作状语时一般要看其和主语之间的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系，用现在分词，如果是被动关系，用过去分词，如果表将来，用动词不定式。A. 句子主语和状语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语“You can"t catch me!”Jane shouted, ______ away.A. run B. running C.to run D. ran分析：句子主语Jane和run构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。run 是在shout的同时发生，所以作伴随状语。本题选B。B. 句子主语和状语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：______ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. Taken B.TakingC. Having taken D. Being taken分析：句子主语thewounded soldier和take构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词。本题选A。C. 表示“为了……”，常用不定式作状语，这时状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来。______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D.Having slept分析：sleep和句子主语构成主动，又有 “为了”之意，所以选A，作目的状语。但是评注性状语在逻辑上和句子主语并没有关系。英语的状语从功能上可以分为三类：He walked carefully.(carefully修饰谓语，是修饰性状语)He learns easily, and what"s more, he remembers what he has learnt.（what"smore起连接作用，是连接性状语）Unfortunately, he ismad. ( Unfortunately为评注性状语）在非谓语中，作评注性状语的一般是不定式和现在分词，他们的逻辑主语并不是句子的主语，而是说话者或泛指人们。有的地方也称他们为“独立结构”、“插入语”、“悬垂分词”等。评注性状语说明说话人或人们对说话内容所持的态度。1. ______, the more expensive the camera, thebetter its quality.A. General speaking B.Speaking general C. Generally speaking D.Speaking generally2. ______ his age, the little boy read quitewell.A. Considering B.Considered C. Consider D.Having considered3. ______ from the appearance, it is verypeaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon.A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D.To judge4. ______ she can"t come, who will do the work?A. Supposed B.Supposing C. Having supposed D. Beingsupposed5. ______ you the truth, I"d rather read thanwatch television; the program seem to be getting worse all the time.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Having told6. —What happened to youon your way back to the hotel last night?—I lost my way in complete darkness and, ______ things worse, itbegan to pour.A. making B. to make C. having made D. make7. 【2010浙江】—Accordingto my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold.—______, scientists agreewith her.A. Sooner or later B.Once in a whileC. To be exact D.Believe it or not8. 【2009浙江】______, the pay isn"t attractive enough, though the job itself is quiteinteresting .A. Generally speaking B. Onthe contrary C. In particular D.To be honest注意：有些这样使用的分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。considering可以作介词和连词Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly. 考虑到天气，我们到这里还算迅速。（介词）She did well to find the way, considering she"d only been there oncebefore. 考虑到她只去过那里一次，她找到路还算不错。providing, supposing可以作连词（参看P. 157考点7、考点6）

怎么两个空

1,______ able to come is disappointing.A, Not his being B, His not being C, Him not being D, Not him being怎么区别啊？四个选项？答：B直译：他的不能来这儿这事令人失望。分析：动名词短语作主语， 其否定式为not doing sth. be动词的否定动名词为not being ...其逻辑主语用形容词性的物主代词my your his her。。。 ，所以选B。2，______ his accent and his clothes, he must be from Tibet.A, Jundging from B, Judged from C, To judge 答：A。 译：从他的口音和衣着判断，你一定来自西藏。分析：Judging from/ by。。。两个介都可以，但Juged 只能跟by, 记法:被。。。，用by, judged是过去分词，有被动之意。Judging ... 和Generally speaking, 一样，叫独立成分，不受此限（即非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语为主句主语，是现分还是过分，根据其逻辑主语和它的关系而定）

B这是非谓语的题，选非谓语要看该动作与主句的主语的关系，students 和judge 肯定是被动关系，学生被评定，所以要用done过去分词形式，选B

像这种状语都不用考虑主被动形式，在独立主格结构中也是如此，类似的还有according to

1. 这是个省略句：在new前面省略了there are/were或there will be或there is going to be.2. every Wednesday作时间状语。从语法现象来说，主要是以上两点。如果是在考虑教学，我倒觉得有必要把未省略的完整句There are/There were/There will be/There is going to be new episodes every Wednesday.中四种不同时态都该在什么情形下用讲一下。

Today"s life is the information age, is getting information and processing of information, and application of information era. Sensor information and testing technology is important because it is to obtain information and information technology, the basis of certain treatment is to obtain information and information processing and one of the important methods.Sensing and testing technique is a door broad scope, comprehensive degree is high, practical strong professional courses. It from the sensor, and emphatically the basic theories of water sensor structure and sensor theory, sensor is a two-port device, different sensor input/output character is different, the same sensor adapted to different measured signal presenting features is also different. Especially when measured signal for static signal two conditions, the sensor of the input/output characteristics totally different. Sensor technologies in many new knowledge in application, based on the information of the sensor, conversion, processing as the core, from basic physics concept and expounds thermal quantity, mechanical quantity, geometric parameters such as the quantity of measuring principle and method.Photoelectric sensor is light signals are converted to electrical signals a sensor. It is based on the theory of the photoelectric effect. This kind of effect can be roughly classified into three kinds. The first kind is the photoelectric effect, namely in light, can make the electronic escaping surface. Using this effect made devices have vacuum phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, etc. The second type is inside the photoelectric effect, that is, in a light ray can make physical resistivity change. Such devices including various types of semiconductor photoconductive resistance. The third type is born volts effect that light, the object in light effect produced inside emf phenomenon, this electromotive force called light born electromotive force. Such devices including si-based ones, photoelectric transistor, etc. The photoelectric effect is using photoelectric element by light, the electrical characteristics change. Sensitive in the visible light wavelengths is near, including infrared wavelength and uv wavelength. Digital electronic counter intuitive and count accurate advantages, currently on various industry commonly used. Digital electronic counter triggered a variety of counting, which is made from actual conditions of use and environments. Have use mechanical approach of non-contact triggered, have use electronic sensor non-contact trigger, photoelectric sensor is one of these, it is a non-contact electronic sensor. Adopting photoelectric sensor production of photoelectric electronic counters. This counter in the factory production line for product statistics, have other counter an unrivalled advantages. This example photoelectric trigger type electronic counter only two digits, but through the cascade can be extended for four, even more.

答案是C吧

the maker philosophy是主语，echoes是谓语动词，并列结构old ideas advocated by John Dewey,Montessori,and even ancient Greek philosophers作宾语，as we pointed out recently是方式状语从句修饰“谓语动词 + 宾语”。语法书称为“主从复合句”。

host,years,Carson,influence.这个句子的主体是host includes Carsonas both an inspiration and an influence，这句做Carson的定语，解释Carson存在的意义和作用。

1.句子的主干是ithasbeenestimated，其中it是作形式主语，而真正的主语是thatifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity这个主语从句。只有名词才会有同位语（且名词和它的同位语通常是放在一起的），同位语是指表达同一事物的句子成分，可以理解为同位语是来进一步解释说明这个名词的。而这个句子的主干中是没有名词的，所以该从句不是同位语从句。其次这是一个从句套从句的句子，从句的第一层应当是that（ifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,）itwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity，而括号中由if引导的从句是主语从句中的条件状语从句。如果你将逗号前后看作两个句子那就涉及到两方面的错误：a.两个单独的完整的句子之间是不可以用逗号的，必须用句号。除非两个句子之间有并列连词才能使用逗号。b.从逻辑含义上看句意也是不对的，如果将第一句话分为ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedwithcars，那么它的句意都是不完整的(if在此表“如果”)。2.but是并列连词（but是表转折关系的并列连词），在此它前后连接的是两个完整的句子（因为有并列连词所以两个完整的句子之间可以用逗号隔开）。而对于第一个句子，它的语法结构是asksb.sth.，if引导的宾语从句就是占据了sth.的位置（这里if表“是否”）。（我的语法分析是很强的，如果你采纳我的回答的话能帮忙提高一下悬赏的财富值吗？因为我现在差财富值来提问，如果不勉强的话就提高一下吧，我会非常感谢的！如果不行，也没有关系）

状语不能修饰主语 因为主语是由名词或代词或相当于名词的词充当的，但整个主语部分中可以有状语 如动名词短语作主语 即动名词加上自带的句子成分 构成动名词短语 作主语比如studying hard is our duty。而Swiching to this role是状语 I can work well是主句，If I"m not gonna be happy是从句 getting married somewhere that we find in a day.是从句中的状语getting married与主语I是主动系 表示的是和谓语伴随的情况或说明谓语的时间、原因等 所以是状语just a couple of guys hanging out and playing pokers.guys和hanging out的关系是主动关系，其现在分词 hanging out and playing pokers可以是定语、宾补。当然整个短语也可以是独立主格结构Instead,the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.这里的 we deliberately press into ourselves修饰new habits还原是 we deliberately press the new habits into ourselves。这个可以有。不过我认为一般应该是 press ourselves into the new habits3.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river.这里的off which还原就是 they both fall into the river off the bridge.这里的off which在从句中应该是状语，这里的fall是谓语 ，into the river是状语，off the bridge中的off是介词，off the bridge是介词短语作状语 修饰fall into the river。相当于from the bridge。 4.Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of prodcing progras in Europe for Europe.that of prodcing progras in Europe for Europe.这句话文中解释是choice的同位语，这里要有破折号 ，否则也应该有逗号。这不是同位语从句 ，而是同位语，that是指示代词与前面的名词同位。这句去掉that还是一句话，直接变成 介词短语作定语了。

你想问的是upset吧？词义：vi.打翻，弄翻; 打乱，打搅; vt.打乱，搅乱; 推翻，弄翻; 使心烦意乱; 使翻倒; n.心烦意乱; 翻倒，颠覆; 混乱; adj.沮丧的; 难过的; 失望的; （肠胃）不舒服的; 第三人称单数：upsets过去分词：upset现在进行时：upsetting过去式：upset

这两道题的概念丝毫不矛盾。。。看你那答案完全是被这两题玩晕了。。。只需要记住下面我说这两点：1你这两个-ing实际上都是考的动词分词作状语这一语法点先记住第一条最重要的动词分词作状语首要规则“分词的逻辑主语要和主句的主语一致”2很多人搞不清楚被动时态中到底哪个是主语？比如你的23题绝大多数人会认为是前面那一个eggtempera错！“任何被动时态句中主语始终是动作发起者”此题中就是后面的artists具体分析你的题看23主语是artists后面的including...作状语修饰前面整个句子其逻辑主语就是artists请问哪里错了？太简单不过多讨论28题有点难度它用了一个itappears...的结构后接从句考了一个it作形式主语的语法点英语中为防止结构头重脚轻会把不定式动名词甚至一些从句丢到最后去这个句子原本的模样是Naturalrubberwas...peopleappears.（看来古玛雅人最早对天然橡胶进行处理加工）这里的主语是什么？很明显是个主语从句而C位置的using逻辑主语是什么？是Mayanpeople嘛违反了我上面说的第1条所以这里不能用分词作状语最后问一句怎么改？应该改成andtheyused嘛

shoes with adjustable heels: 带有可调整后跟的鞋。

黄祸是吧stereotype,原型，固定模式这个句子里面都好后面修饰stereotype的是什么样的一种旧模式在这种旧模式中亚洲人被视为……所以这里的in which相当于where

介词提前应该不仅仅限于从句中有不及物动词，只要是关系代词需要和介词搭配，或者谓语动词需要和介词搭配的情况在定语从句中，一般有两种情况会在关系代词前出现介词：1、与先行词有关的介词可以放到关系代词前，如： I won"t forget the days in which we worked together. (因为in the days, 所以 in which)2、与定语从句中的谓语动词相关的介词会放到关系代词前，如：The boy about whom they often talk is very kind. (因为talk about，所以about whom )注：第二种情况是完全可以将介词放到原有的位置（定语从句的谓语动词后），这时关系的范围就大了很多，如The boy whom/who/that/不填 they often talk about is very kind.如果介词在关系代词前，关系代词要么是which（先行词是物），要么是whom（先行词是人）。希望能对你有所帮助。以上复制自sdm_a1的回答补充，可以理解成状语前置

- 这是一个被动语态的句子，换成主动语态的话是：“The guests are enjoying the music”。这里的语法结构很清晰，是 主语+谓语+宾语。 enjoying是谓语动词的进行时态。 在被动语态中，主语是“music”，谓语部分是“has been being enjoyed”，剩下的“by the guests”似乎是adjunct修饰部分，可以被省略，因为省略了不影响句意。 关于“by the guests”部分，如果直接看，可能认为是“介词短语”。但如果是介词短语的话，这个介词短语的作用只能是做形容词修饰名词或者做副词的作用了。这里涉及到另一个概念，那就是介词短语（Prepositional phrase）和短语动词（Phrasal verb）的区别。这个概念需要大篇幅的讨论，因此可以放在另一篇文章 《介词短语和短语动词的区别》 中进行讨论，然后再来回答“by the guests”是什么语法成份。 继续。 从 《介词短语和短语动词的区别》 中，可以知道这里的“by the guests”的确是一个介词短语了。因为做形容词只能修饰名词，所以这里应该是做状语，修饰动词being enjoyed这个动作是发生在谁身上的。 2017/8/8 更新：by the guests 是一个状语. 基本上被动语态的结构都是主谓的了，因为逻辑上的主语是可以被忽略的，或者已状语的形式出现在句子中。 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbial

常用语法术语表 句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank 词类 part of speech实词 notional word虚词 structrural word 名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concret moun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possesive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun物主代词 possecive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentwence否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntatic relationship并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter 人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic