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Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they"ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man"s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. Our national mythology (神化) is full of illustration the American success story. There"s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American"s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it"s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.

早上好。你看起来精神焕发热情的和你的建议后八小时的睡眠?或者相反你下车了四个小时,站了起来,有一个聊天,吸烟和参观了一些邻国才击中袋另一个四个小时。越来越多的专家建议,后者实际上是一个更自然的方式,让我们给我们的电池比在一个会话中八小时睡眠模式,人们已经开始考虑正常。在研究他的书在睡眠的主题,罗杰Ekirch发现了超过500个历史引用一个第一和第二分段的睡眠模式。他们来自日记,法庭记录、医疗书籍和文学。到17世纪末,街道照明开始出现在城市和更多的人开始考虑过夜逃学浪费宝贵的时间。大约在同一时间,引用一个第一和第二睡眠开始消失。所以,如果你是一个人发现自己清醒的在深夜和辗转反侧无法回到土地的点头,你的失眠可能不是一个医疗条件毕竟。根据睡眠心理学家格雷格雅各布,“对于大多数的进化我们睡一个特定的方式。在夜间醒来是一个正常的人类生理学的一部分。“但大多数医生仍然不承认,一个八小时的睡眠可能是不自然的。那么,有什么建议对于那些经过几个小时的数羊还是不能入睡。休息和放松。它实际上可能是对你有好处。测验小测验人类是否总是试着睡在一个8小时的会议吗?没有。越来越多的专家建议,后者实际上是一个更自然的方式,让我们给我们的电池比在一个会话中八小时睡眠模式,人们已经开始考虑正常。有很多引用第一个和第二个睡眠段在历史文献?是的。罗杰Ekirch发现了超过500个历史引用一个第一和第二分段的睡眠模式。为什么人们开始在外面呆到晚上,在17世纪晚期吗?

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阳历节日：1月1日元旦（New Year"s Day)2月2日世界湿地日(World Wetlands Day)2月14日情人节(Valentine"s Day)3月3日全国爱耳日3月5日青年志愿者服务日3月8日国际妇女节(International Women" Day)3月9日保护母亲河日3月12日中国植树节(China Arbor Day)3月14日白色情人节(White Day)3月14日国际警察日(International Policemen" Day)3月15日世界消费者权益日(World Consumer Right Day）3月21日世界森林日（World Forest Day)3月21日世界睡眠日(World Sleep Day)3月22日世界水日(World Water Day)3月23日世界气象日(World Meteorological Day)3月24日世界防治结核病日(World Tuberculosis Day)4月1日愚人节(April Fools" Day)4月5日清明节（Tomb-sweeping Day)4月7日世界卫生日(World Health Day）4月22日世界地球日(World Earth Day)4月26日世界知识产权日(World Intellectual Property Day)5月1日国际劳动节(International Labour Day)5月3日世界哮喘日(World Asthma Day)5月4日中国青年节（Chinese Youth Day)5月8日世界红十字日(World Red-Cross Day)5月12日国际护士节(International Nurse Day)5月15日国际家庭日(International Family Day)5月17日世界电信日(World Telecommunications Day)5月20日全国学生营养日5月23日国际牛奶日(International Milk Day)5月31日 世界无烟日(World No-Smoking Day)6月1日 国际儿童节(International Children"s Day)6月5日世界环境日(International Environment Day)6月6日全国爱眼日6月17日世界防治荒漠化和干旱日(World Day to combat desertification)6月23日国际奥林匹克日(International Olympic Day)6月25日全国土地日6月26日国际禁毒日(International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking)7月1日中国GCD诞生日(Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party)7月1日国际建筑日（International Architecture Day)7月7日中国人民抗日战争纪念日7月11日世界人口日(World Population Day)8月1日中国人民解放军建军节(Army Day)8月12日国际青年节(International Youth Day)9月8日国际扫盲日(International Anti-illiteracy Day)9月10日中国教师节(Teacher"s Day)9月16日中国脑健康日9月16日国际臭氧层保护日(International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer)9月20日全国爱牙日9月21日世界停火日(World Cease-fire Day)9月27日世界旅游日(World Tourism Day)

有学习时长，学习时间越长得分就越多。所谓网络学习，就是指通过计算机网络进行的一种学习活动，它主要采用自主学习和协商学习的方式进行。相对传统学习活动而言，网络学习有以下三个特征：一是共享丰富的网络化学习资源。二是以个体的自主学习和协作学习为主要形式。三是突破了传统学习的时空限制。网络学习是信息化社会学习者，尤其是成人学习者的一种重要的学习方式。探讨网络学习环境以及在这个环境中开展有效学习的策略和模式都非常必要。

Liu cherish jun (Sara), Cenozoic mandarin strength belle singer, with its bright timbre, solid, to the song of changgong sentiment and processing, as well as various types of the style of reisely steer by public and music circle professionals appreciating and liking. Stage style wen wan calm, temperament and pure and fresh and humble, is the younger generation of rare classical and temperament female singer, its singing style has been described as "Chinese girl elegant sing". She is a low-key love singers, actively participate in many public welfare activities, including the disaster area to send water line, personal charity concert, etc. August 2008 as the soundtrack album vocalist of Anita mui phillips, 2010 January released his first album "love garden", the second album is expected to 2010 October launch.Chinese: liu cherish junForeign names: SaraAlias: pity jun, jun elder sister, children, two sisterNationality: ChinaEthnic composition: hanBirthplace: guangdong province shenzhenDate of birth: 1988-4-30Career: singerGraduate school: guangzhou xinghai music instituteThe main achievements: happy female national five stronger 2009Representative works: I am very happy to stop missing me, shells bells etc. New single "horns and open flowers"Height: 163 cmWeight: 45KGIndividual archivesThe lunar birthday: March 15 liu cherish jun (7) zhangLanguage: mandarin, cantonese, hakka, EnglishOrigin: guangdong jiajun meizhou cityEthnic han people fasten: hakka people departmentNickname: pity jun, pity jun, two younger sister, kid, small daft, LiuMeng god, child, sprouting impactionThe zodiac: dragonLiu cherish jun is illuminatedType A type:Constellation Taurus:Reputation: REINS the beautiful sound gentle singerWant to fans say: thank you listen to my voice, accompany me to pursue dreams.Fans name: bacterialA mantra: MMM ~ ~ / is oh ~ ~ / thank you/still ok ~ ~ ~ ~ / / hurry upLucky thing: the claddaugh rotates inside a traditionally-designed boxMeet most embarrassing thing: being found did not want anyone to know and was significant.Voice features: fresh and natural, bass downy wen wan, mediant sweet is exquisite, treble strong penetrationSinging features: input, moving, singing skills matureCharacter: gentle grace, calm calmlyGood at instruments: a pianoThe most adept at things: singingLatest single: the horns and open flowers"Fan slogan:Cherish cherish listening, jun pour in my heart.Cherish jun cherish jun total annihilation.Cherish type gentleness, absolute award.For the king knows sentiment, pity jun forever.Germs everywhere, pity jun irreplaceable.Cherish jun sounds, the heartbeat of expectation. Bacteria of love, irreplaceable.Cherish tour bacteria sea, the return of the king, LuHai jun chau, reigns.

One scholar to Beijing exam, living in a regular live shop. Two days before the exam, he had a dream, dream about himself on the wall kinds of cabbage, this dream seemed to have profound meaning, scholar the next day to find a fortune quickly explain it. Fortune-telling one hear: "You still go home. You think about it, the high walls of vegetables do not futile? Scholar 1, disheartened going home. Store owner is very strange, and asked:" It"s not tomorrow examinations do today, how do you had gone home? "Scholar said such and such a lot on the music store owner, said:" I would think that this time you must stay. You think about it, the walls are not high-kinds of vegetables do? A scholar, more reasonable, so in high spirits to take the exam, but still third overall in the month. So I want to be a positive person in our lives is extremely important to

　　咖啡树是生长于热带高地的小灌木，其果实呈红色或黄色，内部的果籽即我们所称的咖啡豆。目前全球约有66个国家种植咖啡豆，而其中又可分类为Arabica、Robusta、Liberica三种，Arabica即为目前最大宗的主要咖啡豆品种，产量约占80%其香味、品质均较为优秀。而Robusta因品质较差，所以多用来制成速溶咖啡。Liberica因为品质，产量少，很少被提及。咖啡特有香味，令人难以抗拒；独特的风味更是人人爱喝；现在就将主要的咖啡豆作一简略的介绍:　　【蓝山咖啡(BLUEMOUNTAIN)】　　是生产于牙买加蓝山海拔2500尺以上的咖啡豆，是一种微酸、柔顺、带甘、风味细腻的咖啡；纯蓝山咖啡口感、香味较淡，但喝起来却非常香醇精致；具有贵族的品味，乃咖啡中之极品。　　【摩卡咖啡(MOCHA)】　　目前以也门所生产的咖啡为最佳，其次为依索比亚的摩卡；摩卡咖啡带润滑中之中酸至强酸、甘性特佳、风味独特，含有巧克力的味道；具有贵妇人的气质，是极具特色的一种纯品咖啡。　　【哥伦比亚咖啡(COLOMBIA)】　　哥伦比亚咖啡中以SUPREMO最具特色，其咖啡柔软香醇；带微酸至中酸，其品质及香味稳定，属中度咖啡，是用以调配综合咖啡的上品。　　【曼特宁咖啡(MANDELING)】　　是生产于印度尼西亚，苏门答腊中最具代表性的咖啡；风味香、浓、苦，口味相当强，但柔顺不带酸，是印度尼西亚生产的咖啡中品质最好的一种咖啡。　　【碳烧咖啡(CHARCALFIRE)】　　是一种重度烘焙的咖啡，味道焦、苦不带酸，咖啡豆有出油的现象，极适合用于蒸气加压咖啡。　　【巴西咖啡(SANTOS)】　　巴西乃世界第一的咖啡生产国，所产之咖啡，香味温和、微酸、微苦，为中性咖啡之代表，是调配温和咖啡不可或缺的品种。　　【肯亚咖啡(KENYAAA)】　　是非洲高地栽培的代表性咖啡。AA代表其级数也就是最高级品，其咖啡豆肉质厚呈圆形，味浓质佳，通常采用浅焙。清晨起来喝一杯肯亚，具有醒脑的效用。　　【夏威夷咖啡(KONAFANCY)】　　属于夏威夷西部火山所栽培的咖啡，也是美国唯一生产的咖啡品种，口感较强，香味浓，带强酸，风味特殊。品质相当稳定，是前往夏威夷的观光客必购土产之一。　　The history of coffee is as rich as the brew itself, dating back more than a thousand years. The first coffee plants are said to have come from the Horn of Africa on the shores of the Red Sea. Originally, coffee beans were taken as a food and not as a beverage. East African tribes would grind the coffee cherries together, mixing the results into a paste with animal fat. Rolled into little balls, the mixture was said to give warriors much-needed energy for battle. Later, around the year 1000 AD, Ethiopians concocted a type of wine from coffee berries, fermenting the dried beans in water. Coffee also grew naturally on the Arabian Peninsula, and it was there, during the 11th century that coffee was first developed into a hot drink.　　The so-called stimulating properties of coffee were thought by many during these ancient times to give a sort of religious ecstasy, and the drink earned a very mystical sort of reputation, shrouded in secrecy and associated with priests and doctors. So, it is not surprising that two prominent legends emerged to explain the discovery of this magic bean.　　According to one story, a goat-herder noticed that his herd became friskier than usual after consuming the red cherries of a wild coffee shrub. Curious, he tasted the fruit himself. He was delighted by its invigorating effects, and was even spotted by a group of nearby monks dancing with his goats. Soon the monks began to boil the bean themselves and use the liquid to stay awake during all-night ceremonies. The other story is about a Muslim dervish who was　　condemned by his enemies to wander in the desert and eventually die of starvation. In his delirium, the young man heard a voice instructing him to eat the fruit from a nearby coffee tree. Confused, the dervish tried to soften the beans in water, and when this failed, he simply drank the liquid. Interpreting his survival and energy as a sign of God, he returned to his people, spreading the faith and the recipe.　　The cultivation of coffee began sometime in the fifteenth century, and for many centuries to follow, the Yemen province of Arabia was the world"s primary source of coffee. The demand for coffee in the Near East was very high. The beans leaving the Yemeni port of Mocha for trade with Alexandria and Constantinople were highly guarded. In fact, no fertile plants were allowed to leave the country. Despite the restrictions, Muslim pilgrims from across the globe during their pilgrimages to Mecca managed to smuggle coffee plants back to their homelands, and coffee crops soon took root in India.　　Coffee also made its way into Europe around this time through the city of Venice, where fleets traded perfumes, teas, dyes and fabrics with Arabic merchants along the Spice Route. The beverage eventually gained popularity with the masses when street lemonade vendors began selling it in addition to cold beverages. Many European merchants grew accustomed to drinking coffee overseas and brought it back with them.　　By the middle of the 17th century the Dutch dominated the world"s merchant shipping industry, and they introduced large-scale coffee cultivation to their colonies in Indonesia on the islands of Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi and Bali. Coffee arrived in Latin America several decades later, when the French brought a cutting of a coffee plant to Martinique. But when a rare plant disease spread through the coffee fields of Southeast Asia in the mid 19th century, Brazil emerged as the world"s foremost coffee producer, an honor the country still holds today.

我也是，我们教程也是新视野，但是没有见过这篇文章。。。

在长江的入海口上海，这里有全中国最大的重工业区，同时，它的水资源也污染的也最为严重。 现在，这条大坝将会使更大的船只沿江从下游向上游的航行更为快捷，同时也更便于下游同上游开展业务往来。 中国已经采取了一些措施来限制人们将污染物向长江的岸边或者是水中倾倒，世界银行已经制订了一项长江水净化方案，中国政府也已经在长江主要的支流——外河的“优先净化领域”协议中签了字。中国也已经关闭了一些长江沿岸污染最为严重的工厂——他们生产的纸和果肉等加工产品大多不合格。 这些政府的努力面临重重困难，其中一个主要的问题就是由于地方经费的挪用和浪费，这使得中央拨发的资金往往不能够做到专款专用——而这个问题，大概只有当中国彻底解决了贫困问题、国家公务员素质的提高问题以及公务员薪金过低的问题之后，才能消失。 在一个于短时间内迅速繁荣起来的国家里，许多真正能够解决问题的方法往往都需要长期的、不断的补充和更新，同时，它也必然会面临很多棘手的问题。比如说，它提供的就业机会必须在木材业和污染严重的工业之间两者择一，或者是它必须用净化技术来代替旧的工厂，同时还必须增加水治理计划。 至少，这是向人口素质教育的一次挑战。当游客们乘坐着游轮泛渚江上，为眼前这美丽的景色而赞叹不已的时候，许多愉快的人们却将手中的香烟头 、塑料快餐盒、矿泉水瓶子和其他一些包装盒随手扔进了将水中。而游船在将他们船上的旅客送到武汉之前，则将三天之内船上所有旅客生活产生的污水统统排放到了长江里。 the mouth of the Yangtze River in Shanghai, there are all of China"s largest heavy industrial area, at the same time, it is also the pollution of water resources is also the most serious. Now, this dam will make a bigger boats along the river upstream from the downstream navigation is more efficient, but also easier to carry out upstream and downstream with the upstream business. China has taken some measures to restrict the pollutants from the Yangtze River on the shore or in the water dumping, the World Bank has developed a water purification program of the Yangtze River, the Chinese government has also been a major tributary of the Yangtze River - the river outside the "priority Purification field "agreement signed. China has also closed a number of the most serious along the Yangtze River pollution plant - they produce processed products such as paper and pulp are mostly unqualified. Government"s efforts to face these difficulties, one of the main problems is due to diversion and waste of local funds, which makes the central allocated funds often can not be used for other purposes - and this problem, probably only when China completely solved the problem of poverty , improving the quality of the national civil service issues and the problem of excessively low salaries of civil servants before they could disappear. In a short time flourished in the country, many of the real solution to the problem can often require long-term, continuous additions and updates at the same time, it is bound to face many difficult issues. For example, it provides employment opportunities to be in the timber industry and the polluting industries choose one between the two, or it must use clean technologies to replace the old plant, but also need to increase the water treatment plan. At least, this is a quality education to the population challenge. When the tourists take a cruise on the river pan-Nagisa for the front of the beautiful scenery and amazed at the time, and many happy people puts in the hands of cigarette butts, plastic fast-food containers, mineral water bottles and other readily thrown in the box will be in the water. The cruise ship passengers in their until sent to Wuhan, it will, within three days, the lives of all passengers on board were all discharged sewage into the Yangtze River.

一台手机坏人们呢我的青春我做主

In Britain, the traditional "English breakfast" often includes bacon, fried eggs, fried sausages, fried mushrooms, fried tomatoes, fried bread (or perhaps toast) and even baked beans. Some British people eat porridge for breakfast, but while the English make it with milk and put sugar or honey on it, in Scotland they traditionally make it with water and a pinch of salt. Modern Brits tend to eat cereals -- cornflakes, for example -- and maybe toast and orange marmelade.But go just across the English Channel to France, and there they start their day with a bowl of coffee (hot chocolate for the children) and fresh croissants. Over the border in Germany, it"s bread rolls with a selection of cheeses and cold meats -- at least, that"s the way it is in the country: in the city it"s just as likely to be cornflakes. Some city-dwelling Germans have what they call "a French breakfast", which is a cup of coffee and a cigarette (not a very healthy start to the day). What do the Chinese eat for breakfast? This isn"t a question that"s likely to arise in the average cooking class. Like dessert, we don"t tend to think of breakfast in connection with Chinese cooking. And the truth is that many westerners would be reluctant to try it. While we think of rice as belonging at the dinner table, in many parts of China this nutritious staple is consumed three times daily, including for breakfast.Nonetheless, there"s more similarity between a Chinese and western breakfast than it would first appear. Many Chinese begin their day with a warm bowl of congee, a watery rice gruel that bears a marked resemblance to porridge. But while even the most devoted fan of porridge would probably balk at being forced to consume the white stuff day after day, the variety of seasonings used to make congee ensure that it need not ever become boring. Congee can be sweet or savory; seasoned with everything from chicken to mushrooms. Often, the meat is marinated before being added to the rice.The word congee (also known as jook in Canton) comes from the Indian "kanji", which refers to the water in which the rice has been boiled. (In parts of India today the word congee still refers both to the boiled water and the rice dish itself). In Chinese Food, Kenneth Lo notes that congee serves two purposes - besides warming the body, it takes the place of a beverage, as the Chinese don"t normally serve cold drinks.

Driver installation is the heart of belt conveyor, the performance of a direct impact on the work of the belt conveyor reliability and overall performance. In order to provide an ideal drive belt conveyor installations, it has developed a variety of new device drivers, live tooth deceleration oil is the cold-electric drum-driven devices Poly advantage of the past developed a new type of device driver . Because electric drum with compact structure, drive high efficiency, low noise, long life and smooth operation, reliable work, sealing, and occupy less space location convenient maintenance and installation advantages, and suitable for all kinds of bad working environment, including moist, mud, dust and more work environment, we now have electric drum at home and abroad wider use of mining, metallurgy, coal, transportation, energy, food, tobacco, chemicals, building materials, printing and other production and construction areas. Against the existing gear oil-cool electric roller bearing capacity of the existence of poor transmission inefficient, complex structures, poor technology and will live tooth fluctuations electric drive technology transplanted to drum in order to give full play to their meshing teeth, bearing large capacity; radial movement of living tooth can do to avoid tooth interference; transmission ratio, compact structure, high transmission efficiency; processing simple, and good technology, the advantages of lower cost, the formation of a new alternative products -- "Living tooth deceleration oil-cool" electric drum. Live transmission gear is used to fluctuations transfer between two coaxial rotary movement form of a new type of transmission, the transmission and electric drum manner fully consistent. It consists of shock-V, the center round K, H and live tooth-tooth formed a group live, work, the shock wave of cyclical impetus to live teeth, tooth-tooth profile with the center point of meshing formed a snake belly wiggle-tangential wave, thus forming with the Center for the driving wheel relations. Live transmission gear with compact structure, small size, transmission ratio, the basic component of the advantages of good. Gear reducer live coaxial input and output will be left flange axle, motor, reducer, and the right axis coaxial with flange, thus solving ordinary electric drum gear eccentric existence of the problem. 驱动装置是带式输送机的心脏，其性能直接影响到带式输送机工作的可靠性与整体性能。为了给带式输送机提供理想的驱动装置，人们已研制出各种新型驱动装置，活齿减速油冷式电动滚筒正是聚以往驱动装置之优点而开发的一种新型驱动装置。由于电动滚筒具有结构紧凑、传动效率高、噪声低、使用寿命长、运转平稳、工作可靠、密封性好、占据空间位置少以及安装维修方便等优点，并且适合在各种恶劣环境下工作，包括潮湿、泥泞、粉尘多的工作环境，所以目前国内外已将电动滚筒广泛应用采矿、冶金、煤炭、交通、能源、粮食、烟草、化工、建材、印刷等各个生产建设领域。针对现有齿轮减速油冷式电动滚筒所存在的承载能力差、传动效率低、结构复杂、工艺性差等问题，将活齿波动传动技术移植到电动滚筒内，以充分发挥其啮合齿数多，承载能力大；活齿可做径向运动，避免轮齿干涉；传动比大、结构紧凑、传动效率高；加工简单，工艺性好，成本较低等优点，形成一种全新的替代产品——“活齿减速油冷式”电动滚筒。活齿波动传动是用来传递两同轴间回转运动的一种新型传动形式，这与电动滚筒的传动方式完全吻合。它由激波器V、中心轮K、活齿架H及一组活齿组成，工作时，激波器周期性地推动活齿，这些活齿与中心轮齿廓的啮合点形成了蛇腹蠕动式的切向波，从而与中心轮形成连续的驱动关系。活齿传动具有结构紧凑、体积小、传动比大、基本构件的工艺性好等优点。活齿减速机输入输出同轴，将左法兰轴、电动机、减速机、右法兰轴同轴配合，从而解决了普通齿轮电动滚筒存在的偏心问题。

A man went to see his doctor one day, because he was suffering from pains in his stomach. After the doctor had examined him carefully, he said to him, “Well, there"s nothing really wrong with you, I"m glad to say. Your only trouble is that you worry too much. Do you know, I had a man with the same trouble as you here a few weeks ago, and I gave him the same advice as I am going to give you. He was worried because he couldn"t pay his tailor"s bills. I told him not to worry about the bills any more. He took my advice and when he came to see me again two days ago, he told me that he now felt quite all right again. ” “Yes, I know all about that,” answered the patient sadly. “You see, I"m that man"s tailor!”　　根据以上短文内容判断正误，正确的用“T”表示，错误的用“F”表示。　　1. The tailor went to see his doctor because he has got a headache.　　2. There is nothing serious with the tailor.　　3. A man with the same trouble as the tailor a few days ago.　　4. The doctor gave the man and the tailor the same advice.　　5. The tailor was worried because a man couldn"t pay his bills.1. 选F。根据第1句A man went to see his doctor one day, because he was suffering from pains in his stomach可知本题是错误的。　　2. 选T。根据…there is no thing really wrong with you (tailor)可知裁缝的身体并没有什么大碍，故可判断此题与短文内容相符。　　3. 选F。根据句子Do you know, I had a man with the same trouble as you here a few weeks ago可知本题所叙述的时间与短文内容不一致，因此可判断此题是错误的。　　4. 选T。根据…and I gave him the same advice as I am going to give you可知答案。　　5. 选T。通读全文我们可知：上一个病人是担心他自己不能付钱给他的裁缝，而这个裁缝的病因却是因为担心那个人不能付钱给他的。

以下是 为大家整理的关于《英文文章翻译：坚持不懈，直到成功》文章，供大家学习参考！ 　　In the Orient young bulls are tested for the fight arena in a certain manner. Each is brought to the ring and allowed to attack a picador who pricks them with a lance. The bravery of each bull is then rated with care according to the number of times he demonstrates his willingness to charge in spite of the sting of the blade. Henceforth will I recognize that each day I am tested by life in like manner. If I persist, if I continue to try, if I continue to charge forward, I will succeed. 　　在古老的东方，挑选小公牛列竞技场格斗有一定的程序、它们被带进场地，向手持长矛的斗牛士攻击，裁判以它受激后再向斗牛士进攻的次数多寡来评定这只公牛的勇敢程度。从今往后。我须承认，我的生命每天都在接受类似的考验。如果我坚韧不拔，勇往直前，迎接挑战。那么我一定会成功。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈。直到成功。 　　I was not delivered unto this world in defeat, nor does failure course in my veins. I am not a sheep waiting to be prodded by my shepherd. I am a lion and I refuse to talk, to walk, to sleep with the sheep. I will hear not those who weep and complain, for their disease is contagious. Let them join the sheep. The slaughterhouse of failure is not my destiny. 　　我不是为了失败才来到这个世界上的，我的血管里也没有失败的血液在流动。我不是任人鞭打的羔羊，我是猛狮，不与羊群为伍。我不想听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者的牢骚，这是羊群中的瘟疫，我不能被它传染。失败者的屠宰场不是我命运的归宿。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　The prizes of life are at the end of each journey, not near the beginning; and it is not given to me to know how many steps are necessary in order to reach my goal. Failure I may still encounter at the thousandth step, yet success hides behind the next bend in the road. Never will I know how close it lies unless I turn the corner. 　　生命的奖赏远在旅途终点，而非起点附近。我不知道要走多少步才能达到目标。踏上第一千步的时候，仍然可能遭到失败。但成功就藏在拐角后面，除非拐了弯，我永远不知道还有多远。 　　Always will I take another step. If that is of no avail I will take another, and yet another. In truth, one step at a time is not too difficult. 　　再前进一步，如果没有用，就再向前一步。事实上，每次进步一点点并不太难。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　Henceforth, I will consider each day"s effort as but one blow of my blade against a mighty oak. The first blow may cause not a tremor in the wood, nor the second, nor the third. Each blow, of itself, may be trifling, and seem of no consequence. Yet from childish swipes the oak will eventually tumble. So it will be with my efforts of today. 　　从今往后，我承认每天的奋斗就像对参天大树的一次砍击，头几刀可能了无痕迹。每一击者似微不足道，然而，累积起来，巨树终会倒下。这恰如我今天的努力。 　　I will be liken to the raindrop which washes away the mountain; the ant who devours a tiger; the star which brightens the earth; the slave who builds a pyramid. I will build my castle one brick at a time for I know that small attempts, repeated, will complete any undertaking. 　　就像冲洗高山的雨滴，吞噬猛虎的蚂蚁，照亮大地的星辰，建起金字塔的奴隶，我也要一砖一瓦地建造起自己的城堡，因为我深知水滴石穿的道理，只要持之以恒，什么都可以做到。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　I will never consider defeat and I will remove from my vocabulary such words and phrases as quit, cannot, unable, impossible, out of the question, improbable, failure, unworkable, hopeless, and retreat; for they are the words of fools. I will avoid despair but if this disease of the mind should infect me then I will work on in despair. I will toil and I will endure. I will ignore the obstacles at my feet and keep mine eyes on the goals above my head, for I know that where dry desert ends, green grass grows. 　　我绝不考虑失败，我的字典里不再有放弃，不可能、办不到、没法子、成问题、失败，行不通、没希望、退缩…这类愚蠢的字眼。我要尽量避免绝望，一旦受到它的威胁，立即想方设法向它挑战。我要辛勤耕耘，忍受苦楚。我放眼未来，勇往直前，不再理会脚下的障碍。我坚信，沙漠尽头必是绿洲。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　I will remember the ancient law of averages and I will bend it to my good. I will persist with knowledge that each failure to sell will increase my chance for success at the next attempt. Each nay I hear will bring me closer to the sound of yea. Each frown I meet only prepares me for the smile to come. Each misfortune I encounter will carry in it the seed of tomorrow"s good luck. I must have the night to appreciate the day. I must fail often to succeed only once. 　　我要牢牢记住古老的平衡法则，鼓励自己坚持下去，因为每一次的失败都会增加下一次成功的机会。这一次的拒绝就是下一次的赞同，这一次皱起的眉头就是下一次舒展的笑容。今天的不幸，往往预示着明天的好运。夜幕降临。回想一天的遭遇。我总是心存感激。我深知，只有失败多次，才能成功。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　I will try, and try, and try again. Each obstacle I will consider as a mere detour to my goal and a challenge to my profession. I will persist and develop my skills as the mariner develops his, by learning to ride out the wrath of each storm. 　　我要尝试，尝试，再尝试。障碍是我成功路上的弯路，我迎接这项挑战。我要像水手一样，乘风破浪。 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　Henceforth, I will learn and apply another secret of those who excel in my work. When each day is ended, not regarding whether it has been a success or a failure, I will attempt to achieve one more sale. When my thoughts beckon my tired body homeward I will resist the temptation to depart. I will try again. I will make one more attempt to close with victory, and if that fails I will make another. Never will I allow any day to end with a failure. Thus will I plant the seed of tomorrow"s success and gain an insurmountable advantage over those who cease their labor at a prescribed time. When others cease their struggle, the mine will begin, and my harvest will be full. 　　从今往后，我要借鉴别人成功的秘诀。过去的是非成败，我全不计较，只抱定信念，明天会更好。当我精疲力歇时，我要抵制回家的诱惑，再试一次。我一试再试。争取每一天的成功，避免以失败收场。我要为明天的成功播种，超过那些按部就班的人。在别人停滞不前时，我继续拼搏，终有一天我会丰收。“ 　　I will persist until I succeed. 　　坚持不懈，直到成功。 　　Nor will I allow yesterday"s success to lull me into today"s complacency, for this is the great foundation of failure. I will forget the happenings of the day that is gone, whether they were good or bad, and greet the new sun with confidence that this will be the best day of my life. 　　我不因昨日的成功而满足，因为这是失败的先兆。我要忘却昨日的一切，是好是坏，都让它随风而去。我信心百倍，迎接新的太阳，相信“今天是此生的一天”。 　　So long as there is breath in me, that long will I persist. For now I know one of the greatest principles of success; if I persist long enough I will win. 　　只要我一息尚存，就要坚持到底，因为我已深知成功的秘诀。 　　I will persist. I will win. 　　坚持不懈，终会成功。

The satellite is refers around revolves the natural heavenly body orthe artificial heavenly body which on the planetary orbit moves. The Moon is the most obvious natural satellite example.In solarsystem,besides Mercury and Venus,other planets all has the naturalsatellite.The solar system known natural satellite total (did notcalculate constitution planet link fragment) at least has 40.Thenatural satellite is the finger ring circles the planet revolution thestar,but the planet is surrounding the star revolution. 卫星是指在围绕行星轨道上运行的天然天体或人造天体. 月球就是最明显的天然卫星的例子.在太阳系里,除水星和金星外,其他行星都有天然卫星.太阳系已知的天然卫星总数（不算构成行星环的碎块）至少有40颗.天然卫星是指环绕行星运转的星球,而行星又环绕着恒星运转.

An Introduction to Image Compression--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Compressing an image is significantly different than compressing raw binary data. Of course, general purpose compression programs can be used to compress images, but the result is less than optimal. This is because images have certain statistical properties which can be exploited by encoders specifically designed for them. Also, some of the finer details in the image can be sacrificed for the sake of saving a little more bandwidth or storage space. This also means that lossy compression techniques can be used in this area. Lossless compression involves with compressing data which, when decompressed, will be an exact replica of the original data. This is the case when binary data such as executables, documents etc. are compressed. They need to be exactly reproduced when decompressed. On the other hand, images (and music too) need not be reproduced "exactly". An approximation of the original image is enough for most purposes, as long as the error between the original and the compressed image is tolerable. Error MetricsTwo of the error metrics used to compare the various image compression techniques are the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The MSE is the cumulative squared error between the compressed and the original image, whereas PSNR is a measure of the peak error. The mathematical formulae for the two are MSE = PSNR = 20 * log10 (255 / sqrt(MSE)) where I(x,y) is the original image, I"(x,y) is the approximated version (which is actually the decompressed image) and M,N are the dimensions of the images. A lower value for MSE means lesser error, and as seen from the inverse relation between the MSE and PSNR, this translates to a high value of PSNR. Logically, a higher value of PSNR is good because it means that the ratio of Signal to Noise is higher. Here, the "signal" is the original image, and the "noise" is the error in reconstruction. So, if you find a compression scheme having a lower MSE (and a high PSNR), you can recognise that it is a better one. The OutlineWe"ll take a close look at compressing grey scale images. The algorithms explained can be easily extended to colour images, either by processing each of the colour planes separately, or by transforming the image from RGB representation to other convenient representations like YUV in which the processing is much easier. The usual steps involved in compressing an image are Specifying the Rate (bits available) and Distortion (tolerable error) parameters for the target image. Dividing the image data into various classes, based on their importance. Dividing the available bit budget among these classes, such that the distortion is a minimum. Quantize each class separately using the bit allocation information derived in step 3. Encode each class separately using an entropy coder and write to the file. Remember, this is how "most" image compression techniques work. But there are exceptions. One example is the Fractal Image Compression technique, where possible self similarity within the image is identified and used to reduce the amount of data required to reproduce the image. Traditionally these methods have been time consuming, but some latest methods promise to speed up the process. Literature regarding fractal image compression can be found at <findout>. Reconstructing the image from the compressed data is usually a faster process than compression. The steps involved are Read in the quantized data from the file, using an entropy decoder. (reverse of step 5). Dequantize the data. (reverse of step 4). Rebuild the image. (reverse of step 2). DetailsDetails about classifying image data (using the Discrete Wavelet Transform). Details about bit allocation (using the Rate-Distortion optimization procedure). Details about quantization. Details about entropy coding.

我们特此开出不可撤销备用信用证号----以你方为受益人的信用给予-----（“借款人”）到一个最大的------（美国美元......只）确保所有款项和责任，不论是实际或队伍，由于你的借款人此备用信用证现有的付款，您的验证、电传给我们的说明，指定金额，注明“根据不可撤销备用信用证号，日期------ ------证明该汇票的金额（）代表和涵盖的未付债务和利息由借款人因你；允许分批。不可撤销备用信用证不得转让或转移当事人的全部或部分。香港以外的所有银行费用要考虑-----。不可撤销备用信用证到期-----在我们柜台在香港。不可撤销备用信用证是受统一的民俗习惯和实践的跟单信用证（2007修订版），国际商会出版物600号。

The war in Iraq impact on the global economy will linger(题目） "The Wall Street Journal," April 7, said a signed article, the war in Iraq may be in the next few years the impact of the global economy and financial markets. During the cold war, Henry Kissinger and the former Soviet Union the United States fighting two superpower described as "the two heavily armed blind in a house in sailing through uncharted waters." 24 years later, the Soviet Union has disintegrated, but the superpower is more than ever to be debated. The United States decided to only a small number of international forces in support of the attack on Iraq, for this purpose and its long-time ally of the United States at break, along with the war in Iraq has exposed differences within the EU, this is the strength of the release may be affected in the next few years the global economy and financial markets. The first force is the war in Iraq. "If the war continued to crack down on consumers and businesses the confidence and expenditures affecting the decision ... ... these will be reflected in the share price, the" UBS Warburg in London, George Magnus, chief economist, said. Secondly, before the outbreak of the war in Iraq, due to a high degree of insecurity and instability in the geopolitical situation in the impact of the 12-nation euro zone and Japanese economies have been hovering around the edge of recession. And those problems because of the slowing down of the U.S. economy further. This is because Japan and Europe over the last 5 years has been to rely on exports to the United States to sustain its economic growth momentum. The third problem is the decline in the dollar, since the beginning of the year in 2002, the U.S. dollar against the euro exchange rate has dropped by 17 percent, the U.S. dollar against the yen exchange rate has fallen by 9.2%. "The longer the war dragged on, the dollar will fall more miserable," said Magnus. "This makes Europe and Japan (export) competitiveness and (the exporters) against an additional profit." Less than a political background or where. Financial consulting firm Independent Strategy in London, the chief economist鲍勃麦基claims that from a single superpower led by the world into a "European core economies" with the United States against the world, the Iraq war and the outbreak of war diplomacy before and it set a precedent for the dispute. In France and Germany under the leadership of some of the unilateral US-led challenge to the world countries that the U.S. should not be in trade, investment and political decision-making, as well as Western countries since the Second World War military alliance formed to play a decisive role. Mackey is expected after the end of the war in Iraq, there will be a series of disputes concerning the World Trade Organization, the current Doha Round of trade negotiations, designed to further the lifting of controls on international capital flows, as well as the United Nations in resolving the political disputes the role of ( if any). "If the global economy and the constraints of the Cold War international relations can not play a role in the mechanism, then the trend of globalization means that there is some stagnation — — perhaps some back," said Magnus of UBS Warburg. Well, free trade, international capital flows and market opening can occur, such as efforts to retrogression. "It will affect the risk premium in financial markets and economic growth," said Magnus. "If the differences can not be resolved, it will be brought about by a very serious political consequences." Within the EU that took place on the war in Iraq confirmed the differences as follows: in a very long period of time, the European countries more closely linked to form the ultimate political union is still only a wishful thinking, Morgan Stanley, an economist in London乔基姆费尔斯said. Clear winner in Europe who will not be easy. Independent Strategy"s McKee pointed out that in terms of gross domestic product, and to the United Kingdom, led by Spain and Italy to support the camp compared to the American invasion of Iraq, in favor of Europe and the United States independent of the Franco-German alliance against the economy stronger. However, as the EU expanded in 2004, the 15 member countries will increase to 25, most of the increase in new members in support of the United States. Mackey added that the trade in European countries an average of 60% occurred in the case of Europe, the independence of European countries it is very difficult. In addition to Britain, other European countries do not trade against the United States all of its foreign trade more than 10 percent, Britain"s trade with the United States about 17%. Even so, 55% of British trade is with other EU countries. Into Baghdad, there are problems. Rapid victory in the United States, French President Jacques Chirac could shut up, but if a military conflict into chaos, and that might be further encouraged to Chirac. Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder of Germany is also the case, although Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder expressed support for the first time a few days ago to oust Saddam, but he is still against the war. Mackey said that from an investment point of view, the chaos and long-drawn-out conflicts and other U.S. dollar would no longer be attractive assets. If Iraq fails, Japan will also be losers, because of its dependence on oil imports too much, and oil prices will continue to rise. Stockcube Research Ltd. Global strategist David Fowler said that the war will continue to put pressure on the stock market until investors to accurately aware of the change of regime in Iraq in sight. He said that the stock market will be 2-6 on the medium-term rebound in oil prices will drop to 15-20 U.S. dollars a barrel. Followed by more bad news. He said that the market will be the main trend in the flat plate, spacing down to stage until the early 1980s than the valuation higher. On the S & P 500, that means that the dividend yield of 6% for 8-10 times earnings. In contrast, the March 31 Index dividend yield of 1.9%, to 30 times earnings. He believed that both cases will lead the market: first, not the United States easily won the war and peace, the resulting long-term benefits is one of the world become more peaceful and democratic, more prosperous economy. In his view, the big losers will be France and Germany, because they are under the wrong note, as well as Russia, because oil prices will fall. The second situation: since the war to become the biggest disaster since the Vietnam War, long-term result is that, with the weapons of mass destruction proliferation, the world becomes more dangerous. With the United States to pursue further political isolation, and global factors will lead to an increase in the power vacuum.

Test of True Love真爱的考验真爱是一种平实无华、不求回报的爱。为了对方的幸福、快乐，默默无闻地奉献、毫无保留地给予……My husband is an engineer. Since the day we met, he has always been the rock in my life. I know he had his feet firmly planted on the ground, and it seemed that no matter what else went crazy, he would be the one constant.Three years of romance and two years of marriage later, I tired of him. He is the most unromantic[1] man I know. He never bought me flowers, he never surprised me, and nothing had changed in our marriage.After some time, I finally found the courage to tell him that I wanted out. He just sat there, speechless. My heart froze: what kind of man was I married to who didn"t even know what to say to make me stay? After a while, he spoke. “What can I do to change your mind?”“I will stay if you can give me a good answer to this question,” I replied coldly. “If I asked for a flower that grew on a cliff[2], and you knew that getting it for me meant certain death, would you still get it for me?”His face grew troubled. “Can I give you the answer tomorrow morning?” with that, my heart sank. I knew that I could never be happy with a man who couldn"t even give me an answer straight away.The next morning, when I woke up, he was missing. In the living room, under a warm glass of milk, was a note. My eyes grew misty[3] as I read it.“Dear, I have my answer. I will never pick the flower for you if it meant certain death.But before you leave, I hope you will give me a chance to give you my reasons.You always sit in front of the computer and type the whole day. But you always end up in tears because your format goes all over the place. I need my fingers to do the formatting for you, so that your tears will become smiles.You like to travel but always get lost. I need my eyes to take you to the nicest places on earth. Every time you leave the house, you forget your keys. I need my legs to run home and open the door for you.You never know how to take care of yourself. I need my hands to help you get rid of the pesky[4] white hair you hate so much when you grow old, to trim[5] your nails and to feed you.So you see, that"s why I cannot pick the flower for you. Until I find someone who loves you more than I do, I will need my body to take care of you.If you accept my reasons, then open the door and I will be waiting with you favorite muffin[6].”With tears streaming from my eyes, I opened the door. And there he was with an extremely worried look on his face. He still had nothing to say; he just stood there, waving the packet[7] he had in his hand in front of me.I knew then that I would never find another man who will love me as much as my husband does.Just because someone does not love you the way you want him to, it doesn"t mean that he does not love you with all he has.我丈夫是个工程师。自从我们相遇，他一直是我生命中的磐石。我知道他很务实，好像不管其他人变得多么疯狂，他都能一如既往地保持自己的本色。三年的恋爱，两年的婚姻生活之后，我渐渐厌倦了他。他是我认识的最不浪漫的人，他从不买花送我，也不给我惊喜。我们的婚姻生活永远一成不变。一段时间过后，我终于鼓起勇气告诉他我想跟他分手。他只是坐在那里不说话。我的心凉了：跟我结婚的人怎么是这样的啊，他甚至不知道说些让我留下的话。过了一会儿，他说：“我能做些什么才能让你改变主意呢？”“如果你能对这个问题给我一个满意的答案，我就留下。”我冷冷地说：“如果我要一朵开在悬崖上的鲜花，你也知道上那儿采花意味着死亡，你还愿意为我采吗？”他一脸苦相地说：“我能明早给你答案吗？”听到这话，我的心往下沉了。我明白和这样一个不能立马给我答案的人一起生活不会让我幸福的。第二天早上，我醒来的时候没看见他。客厅里，一杯热牛奶的底下放了一张纸条。我读着读着眼睛模糊了。“亲爱的，我有答案了。如果必死无疑的话，我是不会去采那朵花的。但在你离开之前，我希望你能给我一个机会让我告诉你理由。你经常坐在电脑前整天打字，但是最后你总是被气哭了，因为你的格式弄得乱七八糟。我需要用我的手指为你调整格式，把你的眼泪变成笑容。你喜欢旅游，但经常迷路。我需要用我的眼睛带你到世界上最美丽的地方去。每一次你离开家总是忘记带钥匙，我需要用我的腿跑回来为你开门。你从不知道照顾自己。当你年老的时候，我需要用我的手帮你拔掉你那么憎恨的烦人的白头发，帮你修剪指甲，喂饭给你吃。所以你看，这就是我不能为你采花的原因。在找到一个比我更爱你的人之前，我需要用我的身体照顾你。如果你接受了我的理由。请开门吧。我买了你最爱吃的松饼在等你。“我满脸泪水打开了门。他站在那儿，脸上显得很焦急。他还是没说什么，只是站在那儿，在我眼前晃了晃他手上的一包松饼。那时我知道我再也找不到比我丈夫更爱我的人了。仅仅某人不是以你想要的方式爱你这一点并不意味着他不是全身心地爱你。

你吧中文找到，我给你翻译。

Health careA new prescription for the poor为贫穷者新开的处方America is developing a two-tier health system, one for those with private insurance, the other for the less well-off美国正在发展一个双重的健康系统，一重是为那些有个人保险的人群，而另一重则是为那些不那么富裕的人群Oct 8th 2011 | NEW YORK | from the print edition“IT"S time for Dancing with the Stars!”, a woman announces enthusiastically. At this New York health centre, wedged between housing projects to the east and Chinatown to the west, “dancing with the stars” means dancing with a physical therapist. An old man stands up with a nurse and begins a determined samba.“是时候和明星一起跳舞了！”一位女士满怀热情地宣告。在这个坐落于房屋工程的西面，唐人街东面的纽约健康中心，“和明星起舞”的意思是和一位物理治疗师跳舞。一位老者和一个护士站起来，开始跳事先确定好的桑巴舞。Comprehensive Care Management (CCM), which runs this centre, tries to keep old people active. To do so, explains Joseph Healy, the chief operating officer, is in the company"s best interest. The government pays CCM a capped rate for the care of its members. If someone gets sick, his health costs rise and the company"s margin shrinks. Mr Healy argues that the system is the best way to provide good care at a low cost. Increasingly others seem to agree.经营这个中心的综合护理管理部门（CCM）努力保持老人们的活力。约瑟夫-海莉，首席运营官解释说，这样做符合公司的最佳利益。政府给这个部门一个封顶的津贴来让他们照顾这些人。如果有人生病了，他的健康成本就会上升，公司的利润就会萎缩。海莉先生确定说这个系统能够在一个低成本上提供最佳的护理。其他人也逐渐同意这个观点。Medicaid, America"s health programme for the poor, is in the process of being transformed. Over the next three years, New York will move its entire Medicaid population into “managed care”, paying companies a set rate to tend to the poor, rather than paying a fee for each service. New York is not alone. States from California to Mississippi are expanding managed care. It is the culmination of a steady shift in the way most poor Americans receive their health-care treatment.公共医疗补助，即美国的穷人健康计划，正在被改造的过程中。在接下来的 三年内，纽约将把整个接受穷人健康计划的人群纳入“管理关怀”之中，付给公司们一个事先定好的费用来照顾那些穷人，而不是按照项目来付费。纽约不是唯一这样做的州。加州，密西西比州正在拓展管理关怀计划。这代表一种正在进行中的稳步转变，即大部分贫穷美国人接受健康关怀方式的转变。Medicaid is America"s single biggest health programme. This year roughly one in five Americans will be covered by Medicaid for a month or more. It gobbles more federal and local money than any state programme, other than education. Costs will rise even more when Barack Obama"s health-care reform expands the programme by easing eligibility rules in 2014. Congress"s “supercommittee” is already considering cuts. However, there are more immediate pressures behind the present drive for change.公共医疗补助是美国最大的单一健康计划。今年，五个美国人中的一个就会被纳入该计划一个月或更长时间。除了教育之外，它比其他任何州的财政计划耗去更多联邦和地方的经费。当2014年奥巴马的健康保险改革放宽适用人群而使整个计划更加庞大的时候，成本将会进一步上升。众议院的“超级委员会”已经在考虑削减经费。然而，选择这种变化，将会有更多即刻的压力存在。Enrolment in Medicaid jumped during the downturn, from 42.7m in December 2007 to 50.3m in June 2010. Mr Obama"s stimulus bill helped to pay for some of this, but that money has dried up. Faced with gaping deficits, some desperate governors slashed payments to hospitals and doctors, or refused to pay for trips to the dentist or oculist. But much the most important result has been structural: the expansion of managed care.公共医疗补助计划的参与人数在经济滑坡期间从2007年12月的 4270万人跳到了2010年6月的5030万人。奥巴马先生的经济刺激经费能够帮助付掉其中的一部分，但是钱已经被用光。面对资金短缺，一些绝望的州长砍掉了给医院和医生的补助，或是拒绝支付牙医和眼科医生的旅行费用。但是，更多地，最重要的结果是结构上的：管理关怀的拓展。States have dabbled in managed care for decades. The trend accelerated in the 1990s, with the share of Medicaid patients under this form of care reaching 72% by 2009. Now, however, there is a strong push for the remainder. States that did not have managed care, such as Louisiana, are introducing it. Other states are extending it to people previously deemed off limits: California and New York, for example, are moving the elderly and disabled into that system of care. Texas is targeting more than 400,000 Medicaid beneficiaries in the Rio Grande Valley. Local politicians had resisted the move, nervous that care might deteriorate. But the yawning deficit meant that they were overruled.各个州涉足管理关怀已经有几十年的历史了。这个趋势在90年代得到加速发展，在2009年前使用这种护理方式的公共医疗补助病人占到了72%。现在，对于剩下的人，这也是很强的推动力。像路易斯安那州这样没有管理关怀的州正在引进管理关怀。其他州也把这个拓展到原先被认为不适用的人群：举例说像加州和纽约州，正在把老人和残障人士纳入这个系统中，德州的目标是在格兰德河谷超过400000公共医疗补助收益人群。地方政治家反对这个举动，他们担心这个护理系统将会变质。但是巨大的赤字意味着他们的观点注定要被批驳。The result is a country with two distinct tiers of health care. Most Americans with private insurance are still horrified by thoughts of health-management organisations and prefer to pay fees for each medical service. For the poor, managed care is becoming the norm.结果就是一个国家有两套截然不同的健康保险系统。大多数有个人保险的美国人仍旧害怕那些健康管理组织的想法而宁愿为单独的医疗服务付费。对于穷人来说，管理关怀已经成为一种常规。Advocates of managed care have high expectations. First, they hope that it will make costs more predictable. Second, they believe that the change will improve patients" health. In managed care, a patient has a network of doctors and specialists. If the programme works properly, doctors can monitor all aspects of care, in contrast to the fragmented fee-for-service system. The contracts that states have with firms can set standards for quality. Texas, for instance, will cut 5% from a company"s payment if it does not meet what is required.管理关怀的鼓吹者有着很高的期待。首先，他们希望这能让成本变得可以预测，其次，他们相信，这个改变可以改善病人的健康。在管理关怀中，一个病人有一个由医生和专家组成的网络。如果这个计划运行良好，医生可以监测关怀的各个方面，相对于分离的的按服务付钱的系统来说。州政府和公司的合同可以为质量定下标准。德州，举例说，将会在付款中扣除5%如果公司没有达到要求的标准。The next step is to integrate care for those eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare, the federal programme for the old. These “duals” account for almost 40% of Medicaid"s costs and just 15% of its population. “If managed care can really deliver better care than fee-for-service”, says Diane Rowland, chair of the commission that advises Congress on Medicaid, “this is the population that could prove it.”下一步是整合那些同时符合公共医疗补助和长者医疗补助计划（联邦老人医疗补助）的人群。这些“双符合”人群占据了将近40%的公共医疗补助成本和仅仅15%的人口数量。“如果管理关怀能真正比按项目付费带来更好的服务”，戴安-罗兰德，委员会（指导国会在公共医疗补助政策上进行决策）主任说：“这是一群能证明管理关怀可行的人。”But some, such as Norma Vescovo, are sceptical. As the head of the non-profit Independent Living Centre of Southern California (ILCSC), Ms Vescovo serves Medicaid patients with severe health problems. Over the years she has often sued California on policies that she thinks will hurt her vulnerable clients. On October 3rd her case moved to the Supreme Court.但是一些人，例如像诺玛-凡斯科夫就对此表示怀疑。作为非盈利的南加州独立生活中心主任，凡斯科夫女士服务于那些有严重健康问题的接受公共医疗补助的病人。在这些年间，她经常控告加州政府在一些政策上会伤害她的一些脆弱的客户。在10月3日，她的案子被移到了上诉法院。The outcome of Douglas v Independent Living Centre will have profound implications for the future of Medicaid. Ms Vescovo"s suit concerns cuts to hospitals and doctors. But the case will also guide the course of managed care. If ILCSC and its co-plaintiffs win, private groups will continue to be able to challenge states on policies they think violate federal Medicaid law. Ms Vescovo, who argues that California"s payment cuts would eviscerate her clients" access to services, worries that under managed care the disabled might not be able to see the specialists they need.道格拉斯 v 独立生活中心的结果将会对公共医疗补助有深远的意义。凡斯科夫女士的诉讼影响到医院和医生的津贴削减。但是这个案子将会引领管理关怀的进程。如果中心和其他原告胜诉，私人团体将会继续在那些他们认为违反联邦法律的政策上挑战州政府。凡斯科夫女士认为说加州的支付削减计划会让她的客户失去得到服务的机会，她还担心，在管理关怀之下，那些残障人士可能不能见到那些他们需要的专家。The question is how to supervise the experiments with managed care that are being carried out in various states. To date, Medicaid beneficiaries have been able to challenge the states in court. However, if the Supreme Court rules against ILCSC, that avenue will be closed. The Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) technically can intervene if states do not provide proper access to care. In reality, CMS has few tools to do so.问题是怎么监管在不同州试运行的管理关怀。到目前为止，公共医疗补助受益者已经能够在法庭中挑战政府。然而，如果上诉法庭结果不利于中心，那么这条路将会被关闭。如果州政府没有提供合适的关怀的话，公共医疗补助和长者医疗关怀中心理论上是能对此进行干涉，但事实上，他们没有太多办法。“I"m a big fan of managed care”, says Sara Rosenbaum, a professor at George Washington University, “but this transformation may happen with almost no federal oversight.” Medicaid beneficiaries are vulnerable, in worse health than Americans as a whole. Companies may struggle to cut costs and provide good care as well. If states do not draft their contracts properly, or fail to be vigilant in monitoring patients" health, their experiment in managed care could be a disaster. On the other hand, if states are careful they could provide an answer to the question that has vexed America for years: how to provide good, cheap health care.“我是管理关怀的拥护者”，萨拉-罗森博姆，一位乔治华盛顿大学教授说，“但是这种转变可能在没有联邦监管的情况下发生。”公共医疗补助的受益者和你脆弱，健康程度整体上比一般美国人要差。公司可能在削减成本的同时挣扎着同样提供良好的服务。如果州政府们不好好起草他们的合同，或没有警觉地监控病人的健康的话，他们在管理关怀上的实验可能会是一场灾难。另一方面，如果州政府们认真的话，他们能为那个困扰美国人多年的问题提供答案，即怎么提供优质的便宜的健康关怀。

可以自己先用中文打好底稿，然后用百度翻译器翻译过来照抄，这应该不会是作业吧……

青年奥林匹克运动会将会在2014年在南京举办。这是最重要的世界赛事之一。我认为这场赛事能够提醒我们青少年去做更多的锻炼。我会去做更多的锻炼并提醒我的同学们去做更多的锻炼。我认为健康是最重要的。我们应该更自觉。我认为如果每个人都尽力而为，我们的城市会更美好。南京正在越来越迅速地发展着。作为一个市民，我应该更关注南京的环境。保护南京的环境是我们的责任。我坚信2014年的南京青年奥林匹克运动会将会取得巨大的成功。

A shiny black feathers,a pair of handsome wing of light,together with the scissors-like tail,to make up the lively and alert the Flying Swallow. Only a few patches under the misty rain.A gentle breeze blowing 10,000,000 to start with the yellow leaves of Liu Si.Green grass,green leaves,brightly colored flowers,like the fair-like comes up,forming a dazzling spring.The Flying Swallow came from the South,for the spring to add a lot of vitality. In the breeze,the sun,swallows up diagonally in the sky over,chirp and cried,and some from the rice fields here,I suddenly flew over the trees below; some cross over the lake,Afterpeak occasionally get a little water,see the ripple on the waves lap to lap away. Several of the swallows fly tired,fell on the wire.The blue sky between pole attached string a few marks,like how music ah,became parked Swallow note,a spectrum from being performed in the spring of the Song of Praise.

Blood is thicker than waterWe say that parents gave us life, so we can see the animals, the plants, the people. But they also gave other lives, so we can enjoy our life with them, closer than with other people. No matter whatever happens, remember this :blood is thicker than water."树静而风不止 人去而音容存"The tree quieted out but the wind did not cease.The person is gone but my memories of him did not die away.inky:)

“大纲”效果是关联“配置”的。你打开一些文件（比如程序代码），启用“大纲”，切换“配置”，观察调试，很多事情就明白了。没必要一次全部掌握，一些细节，需要时再研究，用着用着就明白了。如果默认配置不够用，请具体说明你需要什么。或者具体说明哪条不明白。

我觉得可以翻译成“版块”。题主你怎么看？

1. Susan Boyle is ....答案：D. a Scottish woman.参考原文：....the 47-year-old Scottish woman was famous all over the world.2. Susan Boyle had a look of satisfaction on her face when she was singing because ....答案：A. she was confident about her singing参考原文：.... getting into singing ... it built my confidence3. According to the passage, which is NOT true?答案：C. Susan Boyle became famous because of her appearance.参考原文：The performance was posted online and before long, the 47-year-old Scottish woman was famous all over the world.4. What can we learn about Susan Boyle"s success?答案：C. If you have a dream, try to make it come true!参考原文：她唱的那首歌 "I Dreamed to Dream" 就暗示了这是一个梦想成真的故事.原文如下：When we talk about stars, especially female stars, it seems that they are always young, pretty with gorgeous figures. But recently, a Britain"s Got Talent star Susan Boyle, changed our views totally. Simon Cowell, one of the judges of the talent show, spoke of his shock over Ms Boyle"s voice. "This lady camp up, and I was thinking, this will take five seconds and then I can go to have a cup of tea. That changed when she began to sing "I Dreamed to Dream" from Les Miserables. She knew we were going to have that reaction and just to see that look of satisfaction on her face midway through - it was one of my favorite moments," Cowell said. The performance was posted online and before long, the 47-year-old Scottish woman was famous all over the world. Speaking from her home in Scotland, Ms Boyle said that she hasn"t thought of changing her appearance. She said that her friend helped her with make-up. "I mean, that"s hardly a makeover," she added. Ms Boyle also spoke of the reason she first began to explore her vocal talents. "I was kind of slow at school, so getting into singing was a good way of hiding behind that, and thus it built my confidence. "

梦里花落知多少--郭敬明悲伤逆流成何--郭敬明失火的天堂--琼瑶（这个超悲)

　　●表示比较和对照关系的句型： 　　1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D). 　　2) Just as..., so... 　　3) A and B have sth in common. 　　4) A is similar to B. 　　5) The same is true of,The same can be said of(u2026u2026也是如此). 　　6) The advantages of A are much greater than B. 　　7) compared with B, A has many advantages. 　　8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊). 　　9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too. 　　10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage over..., it can not compete with B in... 　　11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe that... 　　12) What people fail to consider is that... 　　13) It is one thing to insist that..., it is quite another to show that... 　　14) Nothing can rivalu2026(u2026u2026是无与伦比的). 　　15) u2026has drawbacks as well as merits. 　　16) A is superior(inferior) to B. 　　17) ...varies from person to person(u2026u2026是因人而异的) 　　18) A is just the opposite (to B) 　　19) A differs from B in thatu2026(A不同于B在于u2026u2026) 　　20) u2026is not the same (as) 　　●过渡性句型： 　　1) this is true that... 　　2) This is true, no doubt, but... 　　3) ...also... 　　4) It is one thing to...; it is another to... 　　●描写图表和数据的句型 　　1) .. . rank first (both) in... 　　2) .. .in proportion to... 　　3) A is by far the largest... 　　4) As many as. 　　5) The number is ...times as much as that of ... 　　6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year. 　　7) It accounts for 35% of... 　　8) By comparison with ..., it decreased/increased/fell from...to... 　　9) ...rise rapidly(slowly) 　　10) ...remain level... 　　11) ...reach ... 　　12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase demand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in 　　13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (u2026u2026在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降) 　　●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型： 　　1) As can be indicated in the table, ... 　　2) As we could find out later, ... 　　3) As is revealed in the table,... 　　4) As the survey results show,... 　　5) This table provides several important points of comparison between,... 　　6) The two graphs depict the same thing in ... 　　7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows: 　　8) According to the figures given in the table, ... 　　9) This chart shows that ... 　　10) As is shown by the graph, ... 　　11) It can be seen from the statistics that ... 　　12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ... 　　●说明原因的句型: 　　1) There are some/two/many good reasons for.../to do... 　　2) We have two good reasons for... 　　3) The reason for ... is that + 从句 　　4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people for..., one should be mentioned... 　　5) One may think of the trend as a result of... 　　6) The change in... largely results from the fact that... 　　7) There are several causes for this significant growth in... First... 　　8) A number of factors could account for the . 　　9) It is no simple task to give the reason for ... 　　10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in demand. 　　11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher. 　　12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher prices. 　　13) The demand has increased. 　　14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are higher. 　　15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise./go up. /boost./are higher. 　　16) Different people look at...in different ways... 　　●表示不同看法的.句型: 　　1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matter. Some believe that ...; Others argue that ... :Still others maintain that ... 　　2) They are quite different from each other in their opinions. 　　3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to . 　　4) They think quite differently on this question. 　　5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture. 　　●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型: 　　1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for sb. to do sth. 　　2) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth. (有困难做某事) 　　●用于文章开头的句型： 　　1) Faced with...; quite a few people argue that...; But other people conceive differently. 　　2) There is a general discussion today about the issue of.; Those who object to... argue that ...;They believe that...; But people who favor ..., on the other hand, argue that ... 　　3) Currently there is a widespread concern that... 　　4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize that... 　　5) Now it is commonly held that ...; they think ...; But I doubt whether... 　　6) Recently the issue of... has been brought to public attention. 　　7) One of the great men once said that... Now more and more people share this belief. 　　8) Until recently, ... has been regarded as. But people are taking a fresh look at it. 　　9) Sb. argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes that... 　　10) More and more people are realizing /have come to realize... 　　11) There is no denying/doubt that ... 　　●用于文章结尾的句型： 　　1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that ... 　　2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ... 　　3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of ..., if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result in... 　　4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 　　5) There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but... might be helpful/beneficial. 　　6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of... might be the first step on the right way. 　　7) There is little doubt/denying that ... 　　8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of...require immediate attention. 　　9) As far as ... be concerned, I believe/think that ... 　　10) In conclusion,... 　　11) In my opinion, I am in favor of ... 　　12) Personally, I prefer to... 　　13) In short,... should learn to...; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly. 　　14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that... 　　●用于论证和说明的句型： 　　1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to illustrate... 　　2) Our society abounds with the examples of ... 　　3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows that... 　　4) According to the statistics provided by..., it can be seen that... 　　5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show that... 　　6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that ... 　　7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact that... 　　●常用谚语 (在议论文中): 　　1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. 　　2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides. 　　3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成) 　　4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”(观其交友,知其为人) 　　5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.(没有苦,就没有甜) 　　●辩论中常用的句型: 　　1) There is no doubt that ... 　　2) It is obvious/clear that ... 　　3) As is known to all, ... 　　4) (It s) no wonder... (难怪) He didn t work hard and no wonder he lost his job. 　　5) It goes without saying that ... (不用说,不成问题,很自然u2026u2026) 　　6) What is more important, ... 　　7) I am convinced that ... (我深信u2026u2026)

这么长啊??算了。。

乔和大卫都是登山家。正是乔的经验丰富，他总是 问大卫复制他的榜样。 “要站在世界最高点，大卫？ ” “当然。它已经是我的梦想！ ”大卫回答。 在阳光明媚的上午，两名男子开始的珠峰顶部。当他们爬过一个最危险斜坡（斜坡） ，他们发现一名男子倒卧在雪地上。 “他就要死了， ”大卫看着乔和说，如果他能帮助的人。 “让他独自和公正的跟我来！但是如果你带来的负担（累赘）与你，我恐怕就会失去你的生活。 ”乔警告大卫。然后，他转身独自向前走。这是太冷，经过一段时间的思考，大卫了主意，以帮助该名男子。他进行的男子，他回到了他的前进。一点一滴，大卫的温度使男子温暖。该名男子来到自己！不久，他可以将所有自己。他们一起并肩动议。 约两小时后，他们赶上了乔。令人吃惊的是，他们发现，乔躺在雪地里了。他已经冻死！

楼主貌似不会用在线翻译啊……

《世界上最遥远的距离》 　　泰戈尔 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是生与死 is not the way from birth to the end. 　　而是我就站在你面前It is when I stand in front of you 　　你却不知道我爱你 but you don"t understand I love you. 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是我就站在你面前 is not when I stand in front of you 　　你却不知道我爱你 you don"t know I love you 　　而是爱到痴迷 It is when my love is bewildering the soul 　　却不能说我爱你 but I can"t speak it out 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是我不能说我爱你 is not that I can"t say I love you. 　　而是想你痛彻心脾 It is after missing you deeply into my heart 　　却只能深埋心底 I only can bury it in my heart 　　世界上最遥远的距离The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是我不能说我想你 is not that I can"t say to you I miss you 　　而是彼此相爱 It is when we are falling in love 　　却不能够在一起 but we can"t stay nearby 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是彼此相爱 is not we love each other . 　　却不能够在一起 but can"t stay together　 　　而是明知道真爱无敌 .It is we know our true love is breaking through the way 　　却装作毫不在意 we turn a blind eye to it 　　所以世界上最遥远的距离 So the farthest distance way in the world 　　不是树与树的距离 is not in two distant trees. 　　而是同根生长的树枝 It is the same rooted branches 　　却无法在风中相依 but can"t depend on each other in the wind 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是树枝无法相依 is not can"t depend on each other in the wind　 　　而是相互瞭望的星星 It is in the blinking stars who only can look with each other 　　却没有交汇的轨迹 but their trade intersect. 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是星星没有交汇的轨迹 is not in the blinking stars who only can look with each other 　　而是纵然轨迹交汇 It is after the intersection 　　却在转瞬间无处寻觅 but they can"t be found from then on afar 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　不是瞬间便无处寻觅 is not the light that is fading away. 　　而是尚未相遇 It is the coincidence of us 　　便注定无法相聚 is not supposed for the love. 　　世界上最遥远的距离 The farthest distance way in the world 　　是飞鸟与鱼的距离 is the love between the bird and fish. 　　一个翱翔天际 One is flying in the sky, 　　一个却深潜海底 the other is looking upon into the sea.

你是要申请大学吧，加油哦~~~很认真帮你翻译的，保证零错误~~I come from Mongolia and grew up in China since childhood. I went to Chinese elementary school and middle school, but I find that students in your university coming from different countries .Judging from the various ideas and opinions different nationalities may have, the key to achieve mutual understanding lies in the necessity of communication. The pity is that I"m not able to have such a good atmosphere in my living place at present, but I cherish the hope that I can communicate and make friends with people from different countries someday. Therefore, I plan to master English as well as Russian and Spanish during university years. From my point of view, the global environment is already in a bad condition .Although it seems that there is nothing wrong with the earth now , it is also advocated that the day when the earth collapses is not far away according to the expert. The environment that I have been appreciating since childhood is becoming less and less. Then I came to realize the importance of green environmental protection. Therefore I want to make contribution in this domain and study the green environmental protection knowledge after graduation. Popularizing the large-scale wind power generation and reducing the global large-scale desertification is part of my plan. Then I"ll continue to study the recycling knowledge and how to reduce the great amount of trash in the earth, which all requires mutual understanding. I want to become the chief master who can take control over everything in the business domain, for this reason I must enter your university. Only in this way can I learn from your first-class teachers and study together with your first-class students.

Pop music is held in contempt by many people. In these people"s eyes pop music is always in sharp contrast to “lofty（高级的） music”. The latter mainly refers to symphonies and operas of the European countries. They show great concern for the fact that many people prefer symphonies to pop music, because for them pop music should be excluded from the holy palace of music. Conversely, many people have an ardor（热情） for pop music. They argue that people who want us to listen to symphonies are advocating a kind of “elite （精华，杰出）culture”. This notion is unacceptable to pop music fans, for they don"t believe that symphonies are loftier than pop music. The difference only lies in the interests of different people. It is unfair to speak of pop music with contempt while speaking of symphonies with awe（敬畏）. In conclusion, my idea is that just as there is no distinction between high culture and low culture, so it is inappropriate to say pop music belongs to the “lower people” whereas symphonies is a higher, loftier form of music. After all, there are many badly-composed symphonies. And we cannot expect every piece of pop music to be excellent. Pop music reflects the thoughts and interests of a certain age group or a generation. It is the product of a certain age, but also has something universal, something that belongs to all human beings, that underlies（构成） its great success among people. In this sense it is rather foolish for some people to show great concern simply because many people prefer pop music. Anyway pop music has become an indispensable part of the music family.

专业性太强了

　　序 言　　戴高乐曾经说过：“眼睛所看到的地方就是你会到达的地方。伟人之所以伟大，是因为他们决心要做出伟大的事。”因此，要使自己的人生精彩些，首先应给自己一个明确的理想，它有足够的难度，但又有足够的吸引力。　　身为大学生的我们，一代天之骄子，正处于人生中最美好的时期，面对现在过于激烈的社会竞争压力，我们应该要有充分地准备为将来毕业后来实现自己美好的梦想。人生是短暂而又漫长的，在这有限的生命中我们必须规划好目标，既以实施，使我们走上正确的道路而不会虚度光阴。　　青春是一首歌，生命是一段路，生活是一种享受。在这花样年华中，让我们一起规划自己的未来，开创属于自己的理想。　　综 述　　正 文　　会计，是一个较为特殊的行业，也是每一个组织中最重要的岗位之一，承担着组织命脉的重任。每一位会计人都在这个行业中规划着自己的生涯路线，所谓的职业生涯规划，就是指：一个人对其一生中所承担职务相继历程的预期和计划，包括一个人的学习，对一项职业或组织的生产性贡献和最终退休。　　我的职业生涯目标是成为一名注册会计计师。　　注册会计师：是商品经济发展到一定阶段的产物，其产生的直接原因是财产所有权与经营权的分离。特别是公司逐渐成为商品社会的重要经济组织后，由于所有者主要根据经营者提交的财务报表了解企业的经营情况，因此，需要有一个来自企业外部的持独立、客观、公正立场的第三者对企业财务报表的公允性与合法性做出判断，注册会计师便应运而生。　　目前，注册会计师职业在经济发达国家备受重视，注册会计师已成为经济发达国家维护市场经济秩序的重要手段。这是经济商品化程度不断提高所形成的必然趋势。　　我确立这一行业的理由如下：　　1、社会形势优越。在我国现阶段，全国数百所高校中几乎每个学校都设有财经专业，尤其是会计专业。每年都有成千上万的会计专业大学毕业生涌上人才市场，虽说会计是热门职业，在这种现状下普通和初级财务人员也明显供大于求。 对于自身是一种挑战和锻炼。　　但高端财务人才却千金难觅。作为专业技术性很强和个人素质相对要求较高，且是企事业单位最重要的经济信息系统和控制系统的财务会计工作。越来越多的企业开始对其从业人员有了新的期望和要求。目前，具有几年会计工作实践经验，并且取得会计职称如注册会计师、acca、aia等的中高级会计人才成为市场上抢手货。这些现状使其就业市场竞争日益激烈。　　2、自身条件优越。我有亲戚从事相关工作方面的工作，在假期中，为了锻炼自己的实际操作能力有过一定的实习经验，可以从很多相关专业的高级人员学习到有用的知识。并且为了达到现在会计师的要求除了认真学习专业外，我对英语和计算机也十分的投入练习。　　所以我会从以下几个方面进一步阐述我的独特之处，希望我的职业生涯能够真正的掌握在自己的手里。　　一、自我分析　　结合规划的需求，完成相关的性格测验和人才素质评估报告，全方位，多方面的对自已进行了分析。　　1、 性格类型----结合测验得出我的性格是表演者型兼思考型。我对人和新的经历都十分感兴趣，善于观察周围的事物，喜欢有形的东西，适应能力强且随遇而安，有很强的表现欲望，我有较强的自尊心，做事力求完美。我仔细，耐心，执著，脚踏实地，善于处理人际关系，富于同情心，愿意以实际的方式去帮助别人，另一方面比较能让别人接受我自己的意见，我的职业类型属于常规型。　　2、 职业兴趣----结合测验得出我的兴趣是与人交往，善于写作。从小我就非常喜欢语文，文学功底也也较为扎实，曾经做过小记者并发表过几篇文章。此外我还喜欢写作来丰富自己的课作生活，有时会给广播站投稿。空闲的时候也喜欢慢跑，散步或读名著来调节自己的身心，让自己放松之余又学习新知识。　　职业兴趣探索报告　　1、 职业技能　　结合测验得知我的能力潜力较强。具体情况是具有信息收集和筛选能力掌握制定工作计划、独立决策和实施的能力，准确的自我评价能力和接受他人评价的承受力，并能够从成败经历中有效地吸取经验教训。在工作是能够协同他人共同完成，对人较为公正宽容，注意细节。在平时的生活中十分注意人际交往。　　2、自身价值观　　结合测验得出我最突出的职业价值观是注重关系、赞誉赏识。我期望工作的内容是能够给予别人帮助，并希望在这样的职位上同事之间融洽，大家都有积极的道德分观念和社会服务意识。，我对职业的追求，是能够使自己获得充的领导力提升机会，并拥有充分的权威，能够对他人的工作提供指导。能够以自我监督的形式使自己的工作按照自己的计划顺利进行。　　3、 学习风格　　结合测验得出我的学习风格是理论型学习者。具体情况是处于结构化且目标明确的情境中。能够听到、读到重理性，有逻辑，且论证充分严谨的观点和概念。能分析和归纳成败的原因。能得到有趣的观点和概念，即使它们并非直接相关，并且需要理解并参与到复杂的情况当中。　　4、 胜任能力　　优势能力　　弱势能力　　善于交际，积极倾听，协作力强　　爱好学习，注意细节，适应力强　　工作社会经验不足，处事能力较弱，　　为人较为直率　　自我分析小结：　　我从小就比较独立，自尊心较强，造就了我较强的适应能力与交际能力。做事力求做到完美无缺，尽自己最大的努力负责任做好每一件事。我性格较为实在，不喜欢好高骛远，喜欢踏踏实实凭自己的能力去取得自己的成绩。不中之处是为人单纯，社会经验不足。　　二、职业分析　　会计是专为企业提供会计信息或财务（金融）信息所必需的专业技术技能而设计的职业，同时也需要借助其他的文理科造诣，来提高运用这些技能的能力。会计和会计职业主要是审核和诠释数据记载，以便提出建议或做汇报总结。更进一步说，会计可能会涉足设计财会系统，对开支汇报及其他金融预算领域提出建议。因此，我们必须做好应付各种人，各项数据及各类琐事的准备。会计职位上常会孕育出运营的规划和管理的人才，这将是向更高级管理层次迈进的极好机会。　　由于会计提供的金融（财务）信息的重要性，较高的道德水准也许是会计员应该具备的最重要的个人素质，其他的品质包括耐心、可靠性、决断力、思维全面性、组织能力、工作导向及一致性。另外，数学、逻辑思维、分析学、应用思维及书面和口头表达方面的天赋将大大提高成功的机率。　　会计专业培训给学生提供必需的教育，以便我们能开始并不断发展职业会计师事业。学习的课程不但可提供学生做明智独立判断所需的初步能力，也可为将来事业的发展打下基础。该专业将为我们学生在从事工业、金融、政府及其他一些非盈利性组织等大范围的职业生涯做好准备。　　1、 家庭环境分析　　出身农村，没有家庭背景。有亲戚从事着方面的工作，同时，父母也认为我从事会计专业，随着绍兴不断的发展会有很多企业需要这方面的人才。　　2、 学校环境分析　　本人所在院校浙江金融职业学院是全国首家、浙江省唯一一家以培养金融行业高层次应用为主要目标的全国示范性高职院校建设单位。学院前身是成立于1952年、恢复建校于1975年的国家级重点中专浙江银行学校，办学三十余年来，为金融系统和经济战线培养了数万名专业人才，其中大部分已成为行业骨干，形成了良好的社会品牌，积聚了丰厚的无形资产。学院因此被誉为浙江省金融界的“黄埔军校”。　　我的专业是会计，是学校重点建设专业。系部与各家大小知名银行保持长期的合作关系，学院还设有银行定单班，为我们以后的就业提供了很多便利之处。且会计专业一直是学院重点专业之一，学院也与很多家银行和企业有长期的合作关系，来解决学生的就业问题。在这优势的平台之上相信我们会有很好的就业机会　　3、社会环境分析　　1） 本专业就业形势　　据专家预测，未来十大热门职业是理财规划师、系统集成工程师、律师、物流师、注册会计师、营销师、环境工程师、精算师、医药销售中西医师、管理咨询师。其中，理财规划师和注册会计师两个职业都和财会专业密切相关。其中有两个职业与会计相关，专业的会计师事务所、其次，各个企业、再其次，政府及非盈利组织。　　会计掌握的是一个团体的经济命脉，所以，每一个团体都需要他们。今天没有找到每年新增多少企业的数据，但没有数据证明，大家也明白，每年新增的企业数以万计。有企业产生，就有对会计的需求，所以，会计是一个永不衰退的产业。　　2）对自身的发展分析　　会计部门在企业里绝对是一个核心部门，无论是企业有灰色收入或是要发奖金，都得经过会计的手。所以可想而知，企业的每一份奖金都会有会计部门的一份。会计学学的其实是一门技术，也可以说是一门手艺。最重要的是会计是一门累计经验的学科。虽然企业会计制度也在变化，但那种变化好比是换汤不换药。所以，永远不会害怕自己的经验会过时。 并且由于会计学历来都是女生占主导地位，或者说这就是一门女生的学科。所以在就业的过程中，女生不会像学工科的女生那样遭到很严重的性别歧视。　　3） 国内经济发展趋势　　自加入世贸组织以来，我国的经济一直保持着快速稳定的发展，对外开放日益扩大，虽然今年的雪灾，地震，以及次贷危机都会对国内经济产生影响，但国家对此迅速地采取了相应的措施，对于大学生的就业选择国家也提供一定相关的优越条件。虽然会给我们带来一定的压力，却也督促我们要加强对专业的学习认知能力，从竞争中不断的充实拓展自己，以过硬地技术来不断锻炼自己。　　4） 国营外资等企业成为毕业生的首选　　公务员，银行职员，会计师等高薪职位吸引很多毕业生向往，在外资企业需求较高，工作稳定并且有易于自己未来的发展。　　4、 职业环境分析　　1）绍兴中小企业发展对会计的需求　　近几年来，绍兴民营企业的经济在的不断的发展，尤其是在新的开发区中企业如雨后春笋般冒出来了，对于会计方面的需求也有所增加。　　2） 政府重视　　绍兴财政府十分重视自身的财政收入，对于绍兴的发展每年都有较高的要求并且都能达到预期的目标。　　职业分析小结：　　综合以上分析出我所选择的专业与企业的发展需求是吻合的，并且有好的发展趋势。我只需要拿到相关的证书，积累相关的工作经验，踏实地掌握好专业方面的技能，一定能够自己的目标。在竞争激烈的社会中，只要自己有能力就会找到满意的工作。　　三、职业定位　　结合第一部分（自我分析）和第二部分（职业分析）分析得出本人的职业定位SWOT分析：　　外部　　环境　　因素　　机会因素　　威胁因素　　1、 社会对会计专业需求较多　　2、 大学生的就业优势　　3、 常州新开发区的大力发展有利于就业　　1、 目前国际经融危机导致企事业单位招收人数的减少　　2、 竞争激烈，社会需要高层会计管理人员　　内部　　环境　　因素　　优势因素　　弱势因素　　1、 在大学期间有假期去从事相关方面的工作　　2、 自己的强烈欲望和自信　　3、 家中有亲戚从事相关方面的工作　　4、 参加社团活动，积累相关经验　　1、 社会工作经验不足，实际操作能力不强　　2、 自尊心强，过于追求完美　　根据以上的情况和自我分析，可以确定自己的职业生涯总目标：　　1、职业目标----将来从事注册会计师的职业　　2、职业发展策----在绍兴地区发展　　3、职业发展路----走专业技术路线再走管理路线　　4、具体路径----出纳——会计师——注册会计师　　四、计划实施（相关目标）　　大二目标　　在第二学年里一方面稳定自己的基础，另一方面要把重心转移至本专业的学习上，力争在专业方面达到最好的状态，重点以英语四级，计算机二级、外贸会计和初级会计师为准。主动参加对专业课的学习，注意理论与实践相结合，多加练习相关方面的技能如记账，开发票，打字练习等。假期中从事会计方面的实习工作。因为现在的用人单位都讲究工作经验，可以在空余时间兼职，参加社会实践活动去增强自己的社会经验，体验赚钱的乐趣。提高自己的责任感，从中受挫中总结原因，学会做人。　　下半学期可以适当向大三学姐学长或周围的同学打听一下求职信息，面试技巧，交流能力，学会搜集工作信息以及市场需求。去应聘会等观察情况，学习应聘技巧。　　大三目标　　先准备好迎接注册会计师（共五门）中的两门，去参加相关培训并且做到考试过关。下半学期可以对前两年做好一个总结，以自己的能力去寻找相关的工作开始实习直到毕业。毕业后可以开始利用学校提供的条件，了解就业指导中心提供的用人公司资料信息、强化求职技巧、进行模拟面试等训练，尽可能地在做出较为充分准备的情况下进行施展演练。积极参加各种招聘活动，在实践中检验自己的积累和准备，预习或模拟面试，参加面试。做好自己的简历，确定自己目标中的工作单位，分析好自己的情况及优势等朝着自己的目标进军。　　实习期间学会以下技巧：　　1、 学会如何写求职信，学会制作简历。　　2、 锻炼自己的注意力，在嘈杂的环境里也能思考问题，正常工作。在大而嘈杂的办公室里有意识地进行自我训练。　　3、 充分利用自身的工作条件扩大社交圈、重视同学交际圈、重视和每个人的交往，不论身份贵贱和亲疏程度。　　4、 不断增强工作能力，应变能力和为人处世的能力，在工作期间不断积累丰富的经验，培养自己吃苦耐劳的精神，成熟稳重的工作作风，认真严谨的工作态度，创新的工作理念。　　5、 要不断的为自己注射新鲜的“血液”，多读相关方面的书籍。　　近期规划（大学规划）　　2008年至上2011年　　1） 大一以适应新生活，并且认真严谨的学习，为将来打下扎实的基础。在第二学期中获得计算机一级证书，英语三级的证书以及会计从业资格证书。积极参加各项活动，培养自己的口头表达能力，与人的交际能力以及组织协调能力。　　2） 大二侧重专业课的学习，课余时间主要常试勤工俭学、社会实践活动，并锻炼坚持性；提高自己的责任感、主动性和受挫能力；下半学期拿到初级会计师证，英语四级，外贸会计。同时可以向参加和专业有关的暑期工作，和同学交流求职工作心得体会 ，学会写求职信，学会做自己的简历。多向大三的师兄师姐打听求职信息、面试技巧和职场需求情况，了解搜集工作信息的渠道，请教写求职信、个人简历的经验，积极尝试，以提高求职技能。　　3） 大三下半学期对前两年做好一个总结，以自己的能力去寻找相关的工作开始实习直到毕业。毕业后可以开始利用学校提供的条件，了解就业指导中心提供的用人公司资料信息、强化求职技巧、进行模拟面试等训练，尽可能地在做出较为充分准备的情况下进行施展演练。　　中期规划（毕业后五年内的规划）　　刚开始工作时必须先适应企业的文化，我必须要去了解文化，处世方式，使自己尽快成为为其中的一份子，多听少说，对于不熟悉不了解的东西，不能想当然，而是想方设法的需求解决途径并予以验证，无法验证或者根本没有头绪的东西，一定会主动地向老员工礼貌而又谦逊的询问，并且记住方法, 在熟悉了自己的工作之后，要不断地积累自己的工作经验培养自己吃苦耐劳的精神，成熟稳重的工作作风，认真严谨的工作态度，创新的工作理念。　　与上司和同事搞好关系，相处融洽，在工作中充分发挥自己的优势和才能，定期参加技能培训，避免知识的老化和落后。并且在这期间拿到注册会计师的技术资格，在这阶段工作有可能变动较为频繁，根据自身情况，把握时间，适当地变换自己的工作环境，找一个更适合自己的工作，与此同时在变换后要尽快适应。　　树立自己正确的人生价值观，社会观，并且增强自己的心理承受能力，加强对周围环境的适应能力，争取做到家庭事业两不误。　　长期规划（工作五年后的规划）　　通过几年的实际工作经历，建立广泛的社交范围，具备应付突发事件 的能力和更广、更深的国际金融视野与知识分析能力，也必须建立敏锐的危机处理能力，以应付捉摸不定的价格波动或流动性风险。快速掌握市场的波动情况外，要更能理解客户的财务状况、风险，或是有人想从事较动态的风险管理工作，在了解公司的运行操作之后 ，可以适当的向管理层发展，向着更高的职位进军。　　归 纳：　　成果目标：通过实践学习，掌握专业技能　　学历目标：取得注册会计师资格　　职务目标：外资企业财务总监　　五、 评估调整　　计划往往赶不上变化，我必须对于自己职业的合理定位，并不断加以调整，致力于能够实现能够的工作，通过了解实情情况，熟悉并快速适应周围的事物，确保自己规划的可行性，才能更好的实现自己的理想。　　评估内容　　职业目标评估　　1、 若我没有拿到注册会计师的专业技术资格，我会重新选择其他考其他证书　　2、 若我没能够在外资企业工作，我会选择银行等金融单位工作　　3、 若我的公司福利，或者工资水平与其他单位相比差距较大，我会重新选择公司　　职业路径评估　　1、在工作初期，若我没能找到合适的工作，我会从出纳，记账等职位做起，慢慢积累经验　　2、在工作后，若我发现自己的不适合会计专业工作，我会选择记者，编缉方向发展　　3、在工作后，若我不能适应公司的环境或管理，我会选择自己开会计师事务所或提前退休　　评估时间　　一般情况下，每年年初我会为自己制订好一年的总目标，每月月末进行总结，实际过程中若有变动，按实际情况逐步变动，修改或重新制订相关计划，确保自己的规划有效实施。　　成功原则：我的成功准是成为注册会计师并拥有自己的会计事务所。我是个意志坚强的人，哪怕再苦再累，一旦下定决心，不达目的誓不罢休。我要在四十岁前完成我自己的规划。　　结 束 语　　时间是纵轴，理想是横轴，人生的目标就在这个坐标中移动。人生就像通往理想的台阶，每上一步，都会留下不同的印迹。人无点滴量的积累，难成大气候。没有兢兢业业的辛苦付出，哪里来甘甜欢畅的成功的喜悦？没有勤勤恳恳的刻苦钻研，哪里来震撼人心的累累硕果？只有付出，才能有收获。　　以上是我自己对将来的规划，可以说经过深思熟虑所做出的选择。成功的路并不平坦，我只有勇敢地向前走，我相信在经历了挫折，失败，困难之后，未来终究会掌握在我的手中，我要在自己的生活中谱写一曲激昂澎湃，振奋人心的歌曲，去迎接属于我的未来。

I"m going to write articles and send them to magazines

缈昏疟鎴愯嫳鏂囨槸杩欐牱镄刯agt.jpmgt.jpt jgwtagkpdm@mgtpj&jgdm陇陇陇陇陇陇

【毒品问题的由来】 罂粟、大麻、古柯都是自然界很古老的植物，在人类长期与各种植物的接触中，偶然发现这些植物具有麻醉、镇静、致幻作用。一直以来人们用它们来医治疾病或用来观赏或用于宗教、部落的庆典活动。人们为了享受而滥用也只是近几百年的的事情，从此这些植物就变成了令人恐怖的毒品。在毒品的历史中，有几个重大事件：1806年，德国化学家F．W．A．泽尔蒂纳从鸦片中分离出一种白色结晶粉末。他以Mophine音译吗啡）命名。 Morphine来自Morphous，他是希腊神话中一个男孩的名字，是睡神和死神的儿子。1874年英国化学家C．R．赖特用吗啡和醋酸酐进行化学反应合成一种白色晶体，化学名二乙酰吗啡，又叫海洛因（Herion）。海洛因的出现开创了毒品滥用的新纪元，从此，世界上开始了由鸦片提炼吗啡，再从吗啡与乙酐合成其衍生物海洛因的历史，到目前为止，海洛因仍被号称“毒品之王”。冰毒二次大战时由日本人发明，日本侵略者给士兵服用冰毒以提高战斗力。从此不断有新的兴奋剂出现。 【全球毒品滥用现状】四大主要毒品：阿片类 可卡因 大麻 兴奋剂四大主要毒源：金三角：缅甸、泰国、老挝三国交界地带金新月：阿富汗、巴基斯坦、伊朗三国交界地带 银三角：是指拉丁美洲毒品产量集中的哥伦比亚、秘鲁、玻利维亚和巴西所在的安第斯山和亚马逊地区黑三角：即非洲西部几内亚湾沿岸地带毒品滥用情况：全球毒品滥用者已达很大人群，吸毒问题已经成为严重威胁全球人类生存的最严重的医学和社会问题之一。2003年UNODC年度报告中对四类主要毒品的全球滥用人数作出估计（表1）。表1 2000年－2001年全球药物滥用人数估计毒品 滥用人数（万） 占≥15岁人口％大麻 16280 3.90ATS 3430 0.80阿片类 1490 0.40可卡因 1410 0.30总数 23380 5.60【当前全球毒品流行特点】 ⑴、吸毒人数不断增加，吸毒群体趋向低龄，女性和青少年吸毒越来越普遍。⑵、不断出现新的许多易感人群。战争、腐败、失业、离婚等都是毒品流行的高危因素。 ⑶、吸毒地域日益扩大，向第三世界蔓延。⑷、制药技术的进步导致新型毒品不断出现。⑸、通讯、交通的现代化使禁毒工作难度加大。⑹、吸毒导致爱滋病等疾病传播。 【我国毒品滥用历史回顾】 历史上中国是一个深受毒品其害的国家，曾因为吸毒的人太多，而被称为东亚病夫；因为毒品泛滥，导致大量黄金白银外流，国力由盛转弱；因为毒品爆发了两次战争，使中国成为半殖民地、半封建的社会。前车之鉴，镂骨铭心。这也是我们国家为什么对毒品问题如此重视，对吸毒行为采取严厉打击的原因之一。《关于禁毒的决定》把吸毒行为规定为一种违反治安管理的行为，给予治安处罚、劳动教养，并对成瘾的吸毒行为规定要予以强制戒毒。中国不是鸦片的原产地，唐朝时阿拉伯商人把鸦片作为贵重礼品传入我国；宋朝人们仅用用于治病和观赏；元朝时蒙古军队远征印度将鸦片作为战利品带回国内；明朝时开始在一些皇宫贵族中流行吸食鸦片作为消遣，万历皇帝就是一个鸦片皇帝。到清朝时，特别是乾隆中期以后，国人吸食鸦片逐年增多。据史书记载：“嘉庆初食着甚少，不二十年，蔓延天下，自士大夫以至贩夫走卒，群趋之，靡然而不返”。 当时鸦片主要由国外进口，鸦片战争以后，国内才大面积种植。十七、十八世纪时，葡萄牙人和荷兰人把鸦片从土耳其运到中国，数量不多。一七五七年英国占领印度鸦片产地孟加拉以后，输入中国的鸦片逐渐增加……一八三八年至一八三九年，由印度孟加拉输往中国的鸦片就达一万四千六百四十二箱。到了道光年间，吸食鸦片已泛滥成灾，遍布社会各个阶层，每年大量白银外流，造成国库空虚，民不聊生。1838年12月，道光皇帝任命林则徐为钦差大臣前往广东查禁鸦片。林则徐会同两广总督邓廷桢、水师提督关天培等缉拿烟贩，整顿海防，命令外国商人交出鸦片，将英、美商人的两万多箱（约120万公斤）鸦片在虎门付之一炬。这就是历史上有名的虎门销烟1840年—1842年第一次鸦片战争，签订《南京条约》这是中国近代史上第一个丧权辱国的不平等条约。条约规定，中国向英国赔款2100万银元；开放上海、广州、厦门、宁波五处为通商口岸；割让香港。鸦片战争的失败，标志着中国封建社会从此进入半封建、半殖民地的阶段。中华民族从此衰微，饱受列强的凌辱与压迫。1856年第二次鸦片战争，签定了《天津条约》和《北京条约》【我国目前的毒品形势】 新中国成立后在短短2－3年的时间里彻底铲除了吸毒的恶习，成为人类禁毒史上的一次伟大创举！但好景不长，至80年末开始，毒品又再次死灰复燃。国际贩毒集团利用中国这个“黄金通道”向其他国家贩运毒品，不久在云南、贵州、新疆等边境省份出现吸毒人群，然后向大城市和沿海城市蔓延，很快又扩散到全国，毒品蔓延速度之快令人吃惊。短短几年，我国从无毒国又逐步变成毒品的消费大国。据公安部公布的数据：2002年我国登记在册的吸毒人数已超过百万，实际吸毒人数远远超过这一数字。全国2148个市、县都不同程度的毒品滥用问题。党和政府对这一问题十分重视，1990年，中国政府成立国家禁毒委员会，统一领导全国的禁毒工作，负责禁毒国际合作，办事机构设在公安部。1998年，国务院批准公安部成立禁毒局，全国31个省、自治区、直辖市和大多数县（市、区）政府都建立了相应的禁毒领导机构，各地成立了上百家戒毒机构。经过十多年的努力，毒品蔓延势头得到一定程度的控制。但兴奋济滥用又呈现快速上升势头，形成了新的毒潮，达到令人担忧的的程度。我国官方公布的吸毒人数（万）1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20027.0 14.8 25.0 38.0 52.0 52.4 59.6 68.1 86.0 90.1 100【毒品的概念】 定义 有狭义和广义两种解释： 狭义的毒品概念，是指中华人民共和国刑法第357条中规定： 本法所称的毒品，是指鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺、吗啡、大麻、以及国家规定管制的其他能够使人成隐的麻醉药品和精神药品。广义的毒品概念，是指所有的能使人成瘾的物质，这些物质即包括刑法中所规定的毒品，也包括具有医疗用途、尚未受到严格管制的麻醉药品和精神药品，如酒精、麻黄素等；还包括一般嗜好品，如香烟烈性酒等。我们通常所说的毒品指的狭义概念。毒品和毒物是两个概念，他们的区别在于：毒品能使人形成瘾癖，而农药、氢化钾等毒物只能使人中毒致死，却不能使人成瘾。【吸毒的主要原因】客观因素 社会风气，宣传教育，打击力度，毒品获得的难易等。主观因素 一般来说有以下几种原因： ⑴、好奇心，赶时髦，认为吸毒是“派”的表现。心里学家对海洛因吸毒者测试后发现，海洛因吸毒者存在一些人格弱点：敌意性、进攻性、叛逆性、不负责任、嬉戏性、冲动性。⑵、受骗上当 受他人引诱、胁迫、教唆。⑶、摆脱苦恼 精神苦闷，思想空虚，想用毒品来麻醉自己。⑷、治病解痛 。⑸、寻求刺激,贪图享受。⑹、无知 不相信吸毒会上瘾，或戒不了，结果不能自拔。【吸毒的危害】一、吸毒导致非正常死亡有资料表明吸毒者的平均寿命较一般人群短10～15年。25％吸毒成瘾者会在开始吸毒后10～20年后死亡。也就是说约1/4的吸毒者会在30～40岁死于与吸毒相关问题。多种原因可以造成吸毒者死亡率高于一般人群，归纳如下：⑴吸毒过量死亡。吸毒者尤其是静脉扎毒者，每次使用毒品时都有过量中毒的危险。很多吸毒过量死亡者甚至没有来得及把注射器拔出来。统计表明，过量吸毒致死多见于年龄较轻者。黑市上出售的海洛因纯度极不稳定，吸毒者每次获得的海洛因纯度不尽相同，他们根本无法判断其含量。偶尔买到高纯度的毒品，极易引起过量。吸毒者为最大限度地追求快感常冒险使用超大剂量毒品，也可引起过量中毒。另外，有些人为增强快感，把多种毒品混在一起注射，更易引起呼吸中枢抑制而死亡。不仅如此，多药滥用还造成诊断困难，不易抢救成功。⑵吸毒者的自杀率远远高于一般人群有资料表明吸毒者自杀发生率较一般人群高10～15倍。吸毒者每时每刻都处于严重的应激状态中。他们时常受到戒断症状的折磨；他们时时为如何获得下一次毒品而谋划和忧虑；他们营养不良，时时忍受吸毒引致并发症的痛苦；他们众叛亲离，被家庭和朋友所抛弃；他们时时受到执法人员的监察；他们经常受到贩毒者的威胁；有时，他们还会受到自身后悔、内疚感的折磨。以上种种原因常常会驱使吸毒者选择自杀来了结自己年轻却是可悲的生命。⑶吸毒者参与犯罪死于非命的发生率高于一般人群吸毒这一恶习的花费非常巨大，常常使吸毒者倾家荡产。他们为获得买毒品的钱常冒险参加各种违法犯罪活动。在从事这些活动的过程中他们互相杀害的机率均显著提高。⑷吸毒者易死于各种吸毒引致的并发症毒品可对中枢神经系统、循环系统、消化系统、造血系统、免疫系统等造成直接损伤而引起死亡。扎毒者易发生各种感染，其中，化脓性感染的发生率可达40％，此外，病毒性肝炎，心内膜炎、肾炎、结核等的发生率也显著提高。吸毒者爱滋病的发生率更是显著高于一般人群。在我国现有的爱滋病患者中50％以上是通过扎毒感染的。还有一部分吸毒者因对毒品或毒品添加成分过敏而发生过敏性休克死亡。⑸吸毒者患病后不积极求治易发生死亡吸毒成痛者以获得和使用毒品为生活中心。他们不关心身体健康，即便发现身体不适也常常不会及时求治，失去最佳治疗时机，造成治疗困难。毒品常常掩盖疾病的主观症状，造成治疗延误。此外，吸毒者生活不规律，常不遵守医嘱，影响治疗效果。⑹吸毒者常死于各种意外事件毒品可影响吸毒者的精神活动，使吸毒者出现认知功能障碍、注意能力下降和操作能力下降。有些毒品使吸毒者不能正确判断高度和距离。吸毒者本来在20层楼上，他却错误地判断自己在平地上，于是，他本想“走”到街上，却从20层楼跳了下来。迎面而来的汽车离自己已经很近了，吸毒者却错误地判断车离他还很远，于是，他迎着车走过去……吸毒者操作能力下降发生车祸和各种工伤率增高。根据美国某中等城市的统计，在因危险驾驶而被捕的人员中有16％是在吸食大麻后驾车的二、毒品对人体的危害⑴、营养不良 吸毒可引发呕吐、食欲下降，抑制胃、胆、胰消化液的分泌，从而影响食物的消化吸收，时间一长，造成吸毒者营养不良和消瘦，特别是经济困难的吸毒者，多骨瘦如柴，整日无精打采，面色晦暗，身体瘦弱，形容枯槁。严重的则丧失劳动能力，以至日渐衰竭而死亡。⑵、 损害人的大脑，引发多种精神病症状 长期吸毒会导致智力减退和人格改变。对学习工作兴趣减低，变得爱说谎、孤僻自私、冷漠、脾气暴躁、无责任心、意志丧失、社会公德差。部分毒品会出现感觉异常、运动失调、幻觉、妄想、定向障碍等精神症状。⑶、损伤内脏器官 吸毒会损害心、肺、肾等重要脏器，引起各种躯体并发症。如低血压和各种心律失常，口吸者大多合并有牙齿松动，支气管炎，支气管哮喘，、咽炎，静脉注射可损伤血管，引起静脉炎、坏死性脉管炎，同时毒品中的很多掺杂成分通过注射进入人体，可引起肺栓塞。⑷、影响正常的生殖能力男性导致阳痿，女性导致闭经和不孕。吸毒者或其配偶生下畸形儿、怪胎屡见不鲜。⑸、可使人的免疫力下降容易感染各类疾病。如肺结核、爱兹病。⑹、戒断反应：是长期吸毒造成的一种严重和具有潜在致命危险的身心损害，通常在突然终止用药或减少用药剂量后发生。许多吸毒者在没有经济来源购毒、吸毒的情况下，或死于严重的身体戒断反应引起的各种并发症，或由于痛苦难忍而自杀身亡。戒断反应也是吸毒者戒断难的重要原因。毒者在毒瘾发作时，浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，出虚汗，怕冷打颤，恶心呕吐、涕泪交流，四肢痉挛，感觉全身不适，仿佛有无数的蚂蚁在嘶咬。这时，吸毒者往往是丧失人性，丧失理智。他们鬼哭狼嚎，或撞墙或自伤，弄得鲜血淋漓，甚至自杀。三、毒品对家庭的危害首先吸毒吸毒耗费大量钱财，常常要不了多久，就会给家庭造成程度不等的经济困难，一些丧尽天良者甚至卖儿卖女，逼妻卖淫；其次，吸毒行为会对家庭其他成员产生极大的心里压力；第三，不可否认的原因是，不少人在吸毒之后，其性欲和性功能都会受到程度不等的影响，这也会影响夫妻关系；第四，吸毒后脾气暴躁，冷酷无情，易发生家庭暴力。第五，一个人一旦染上毒瘾，就会失去义务或责任观念，做丈夫的不能尽丈夫的职责，做妻子的不能尽妻子的义务，最终必然导致离婚。吸毒导致大量的家庭悲剧，一旦家庭中出现一个吸毒者，就意味着贫困和矛盾围绕着这个家庭，最后的结局往往是倾家荡产，妻离子散，家破人亡。吸毒者在自我毁灭的同时，也破坏自己的家庭，使家庭陷入经济破产、亲属离散、甚至家破人亡的困难境地。 四、毒品对社会的危害⑴经济和人力资源的损失 毒品造成社会财富的巨大损失和浪费,包括经济损失和人力资源的损失。每年有上万亿美元在烟雾中化为乌有。吸毒不仅毁掉了许多成年人，使他们失去了为社会创造财富的能力，而且，吸毒还腐蚀着大量的青年一代，使他们在肉体上、心灵上都经历疮痛。社会在这方面蒙受的损失，是难以用数字来说明的。吸毒者在工作中造成的事故比正常人高出3～10倍。因吸毒引起的执法、医疗服务方面的费用也很可观。由于要对贩毒者、吸毒者进行检控、审判、监禁或治疗，社会不得不在这方面增加公共开支，这成了社会的一大负担。⑵、败坏社会风气，扰乱社会治安:吸毒会使一些传统的价值观念慢慢丧失殆尽。毒品活动毒品活动加剧诱发了各种违法犯罪活动，扰乱了社会治安, 给社会安定带来巨大威胁。 ⑶ 吸毒导致艾滋病流行 吸毒和被认为是当今世界的两大毒瘤，也是一对卵生兄弟。根据联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS）2003年7月公布的数字，全球HIV/AIDS患者已达6000万人，其中10％以上是因注射毒品而感染上HIV。我国HIV感染的首要原因是注射毒品，2001年我国HIV/AIDS感染者30736人，其中注射毒品者（IDU）68%，吸毒人员中HIV的检出率约为4.4％，在云南、新疆等毒品流行重灾区，部分地区吸毒群体艾滋病感染率竟高达50％以上。俄罗斯、泰国的情况和中国相似。 【戒毒】 对吸毒者进行戒毒治疗，一个完整过程应包括三个阶段：脱毒——康复——重新步入社会的辅导。(1)脱毒为减轻吸毒者停掉毒品后出现的戒断反应，给予戒毒者以药物治疗或控制其出现的戒断反应的过程。脱毒是戒毒治疗的第一步和基础。(2)康复脱毒后，吸毒者仍存在心理依赖和一定的身体依赖，对毒品的渴求和稽延性戒断反应仍要持续很长时间，所以，要对戒毒者在脱毒的基础上进行康复治疗，以巩固脱毒效果，克服心理依赖。(3) 帮教即重新步入社会的辅导。是指在完成上述两个阶段后，重点帮助戒毒者为重返社会做好各方面的思想准备，如开展帮教，教他们如何社交、求职、处理家庭关系和应付生活中的压力等，激发其抗拒毒品的觉悟与决心，并在他们出所后建立固定的联系，进行定期的随访和检查。戒毒模式：我国目前的戒毒模式有四种：家庭戒毒 自愿戒毒 强制戒毒 劳教戒毒戒毒方法：⑴、 递减法：采用逐日减少用药量，直到最后撤药。⑵、 替代法：选用依赖性低、作用时间长的镇痛药物来替代戒毒者所需的毒品量，逐日减少并限制用量直到脱毒。⑶、非替代药物 ：可乐定 洛非西定⑷、 亚冬眠疗法：在戒断症状发作期间，给戒毒者服用一定量的安眠药，使戒毒者昏睡过程中安全度过戒断症状反应高峰期。此疗法有一定危险性，要慎用。⑸、 中医疗法：以中药调剂为主，提高戒毒者免疫力，增强体质质量，进行辅助 脱毒疗法。⑹、 中西医结合法：在脱毒过程中服用中药，当戒断症状高峰出现时，配合服用 西药控制症状发作进行脱毒。 ⑺、手术治疗：疗效？并发症？

首先不知道楼主要文章是有什么用，目的交代的不明确啊。如果有特别用途应该说明一下比较好啦，这样可以提高人家帮助你的效率啊。其实六级真题的卷子上的文章都是很适合的，注意，真题比较好。因为六级考试的要求是词汇量五六千的样子，所以真题试题的文章刚刚好，（特别是后面部分的两篇深度阅读）而且这是权威选文章选题的。文章有涉及五六千程度的词汇，编排的很好，而且也有适当超出范围的难词，但是上下文看仔细了，一下子也就悟出整个句子甚至整个篇章的意思了。有问题或是有要求可以再补充的。

Album:WorkbookTitle:Compositions For The Young And OldFound a book of interest the other dayCompositions for the young and old to singPoems written many years agoThey told of family and hope and other thingsPut together in the old daysWhen fifteen cents, it was a buckThat"s when five would get you tenBefore it took you eight just to get you oneSome people, they don"t care when they"re down on their luckCheap thrills are awful hard to find these daysNo one is amused for freeSomeone"s pulling on your mama"s apron stringsYou"d better run and see who it isPlaying cards with your neighbors on the back porchSinging with an old beat-up guitarGoing to the local swimming holeUntil they closed it down, now there"s nowhere to goThings used to be so simple, long time agoNow everything is so expensive and complicatedI hear you need a license for just about anythingUsed to be that a handshake was a man"s wordNow we settle arguments in courtNo one trusts anyone"s intentions anymoreRummaging through the attic when I"m homeIt brings back those memories to meI"d amuse myself when I was smallWhen I was younger, the simplest things would doNow I"m on everybody"s mailing listFor things I can"t afford to buyI hear the weathermanHe says It looks like rain for a whileI guess I"ll have to stay insideMake peanut butter sandwiches and cry

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课文记叙了在从南安普敦到思恩西岛的航线上，“诺曼底”号轮船被“玛丽”号撞破，情况十分危急。在这千钧一发的时刻，船长哈尔威命令用救生艇救乘客，由于他机智、果断，结果乘客得救，而他自己却随着轮船一起沉入了深渊的感人故事。文章表现了船长在危难之时，首先想到的是别人、忠于职守、履行做人之道的崇高品质。

1870年3月17日夜晚，哈尔威船长照例走着从南安普敦到格恩西岛这条航线。大海上夜色正浓，薄雾弥漫。船长站在舰桥上，小心翼翼地驾驶着他的“诺曼底”号。乘客们都进入了梦乡。 　　“诺曼底”号是一艘大轮船，在英伦海峡也许可以算的上是最漂亮的邮船之一了。它装货容量600吨，船体长220尺，宽25尺。海员们都说它很“年轻”，因为它才7岁，是1863年造的。 　　雾愈来愈浓了，轮船驶出南安普敦河后，来到茫茫大海上，相距埃居伊山脉估计有15海里。轮船缓缓行驶着。这时大约是凌晨4点钟。 　　周围一片漆黑，船桅的梢尖勉强可辨。 　　像这类英国船，晚上出航是没有什么可怕的。 　　突然，沉沉夜雾中冒出一枚黑点，它好似一个幽灵，又仿佛像一座山峰。只见一个阴森森的往前翘起的船头，穿破黑暗，在一片浪花中飞驶过来。那是“玛丽”号，一艘装有螺旋推进器的大轮船，他从敖德萨起航，船上载着500吨小麦，行驶速度非常快，负重又特别大。它笔直地朝着“诺曼底”号逼了过来。 　　眼看就要撞船，已经没有任何办法避开它了。一瞬间，大雾中似乎耸起许许多多船只的幻影，人们还没来得及一一看清，就要死到临头，葬身鱼腹了。 　　全速前进的“玛丽”号向“诺曼底”号的侧舷撞过去，在它的船身上削开一个大窟窿。 　　由于这一猛撞，“玛丽”号自己也受了伤，终于停了下来。 　　“诺曼底”号上有28名船员，1名女服务员，31名乘客，其中12名是妇女。 　　震荡可怕极了。一刹那间，男人、女人、小孩，所有的人都奔到甲板上，人们半裸着身子，奔跑着，尖叫着，哭泣着，惊恐万状，一片混乱。海水哗哗往里灌，汹涌湍急，势不可当。轮机火炉被海浪呛得嘶嘶地直喘粗气。 　　船上没有封舱用的防漏隔墙，救生圈也不够。 　　哈尔威船长站在指挥台上，大声吼喝：“全体安静，注意听命令！把救生艇放下去。妇女先走，其他乘客跟上，船员断后。必须把60人救出去。” 　　实际上一共有61人，但是他把自己给忘了。 　　船员赶紧解开救生艇的绳索。大家一窝蜂拥了上去，这股你推我搡的势头，险些儿把小艇都弄翻了。奥克勒福大副和三名工头拼命想维持秩序，但整个人群因为猝然而至的变故简直像疯了似的，乱得不可开交。几秒钟前大家还在酣睡，蓦地，而且，此时此刻，就要丧命，这怎么能不叫人失魂落魄！ 　　就在这时，船长威严的声音压倒了一切呼号和嘈杂，黑暗中人们听到这一段简短有力的对话： 　　“洛克机械师在哪儿？” 　　“船长叫我吗？” 　　“炉子怎么样了？” 　　“海水淹了。” 　　“火呢？” 　　“灭了。” 　　“机器怎样？” 　　“停了。” 　　船长喊了一声： 　　“奥克勒福大副！” 　　大副回答： 　　“到！” 　　船长问道： 　　“我们还有多少分钟？” 　　“20分钟。” 　　“够了，”船长说，“让每个人都下到小艇上去。奥克勒福大副，你的手枪在吗？” 　　“在，船长。” 　　“哪个男人胆敢在女人前面，你就开枪打死他！” 　　大家立刻不出声了。没有一个人违抗他的意志，人们感到有一个伟大的灵魂出现在他们的上空。“玛丽”号也放下救生艇，赶来搭救由于它肇祸而遇难的人员。 　　救援工作进行得井然有序，几乎没有发生什么争执或殴斗。事情总是这样，哪里有可卑的利己主义，哪里也会有悲壮的舍己救人。 　　哈尔威巍然屹立在他的船长岗位上，指挥着，主宰着，领导着大家。他把每件事和每个人都考虑到了，面对惊慌失措的人，他镇定自若，仿佛他不是给人而是在给灾难下达命令，就连失事的船舶似乎也听从他的调遣。 　　过了一会儿，他喊道： 　　“把克莱芒救出去！” 　　克莱芒是见习水手，还不过是个孩子。 　　轮船在深深的海水中慢慢下沉。 　　人们尽力加快速度划着小艇在“诺曼底”号和“玛丽”号之间来回穿梭。 　　“快干！”船长又叫道。 　　20分钟到了，轮船沉没了。 　　船头先下去，须臾，海水把船尾也浸没了。 　　哈尔威船长屹立在舰桥上，一个手势也没有做，一句话也没有说，犹如铁铸，纹丝不动，随着轮船一起沉入了深渊。人们透过阴惨惨的薄雾，凝视着这尊黑色的雕像徐徐沉入大海。 　　哈尔威船长的生命就这样结束了。 　　在英伦海峡上，没有任何一个海员能与他相提并论。 　　他一生都要求自己忠于职守，履行做人之道。面对死亡，他又运用了成为一名英雄的权利。

课文记叙了在从南安普敦到思恩西岛的航线上，“诺曼底”号轮船被“玛丽”号撞破，情况十分危急。在这千钧一发的时刻，船长哈尔威命令用救生艇救乘客，由于他机智、果断，结果乘客得救，而他自己却随着轮船一起沉入了深渊的感人故事。文章表现了船长在危难之时，首先想到的是别人、忠于职守、履行做人之道的崇高品质。

　　心胸开阔，友情恒温;知足常乐，幸福细品。励志慧语，助你成功!下面我整理了英语美文励志朗诵 文章 ，希望大家喜欢!　　英语美文励志朗诵文章摘抄 　　Fixing Up the Run-Down Places 　　修补破损之处 　　by Dr. David Dallas Jones 　　大卫u2022达拉斯u2022琼斯博士 　　Every life coheres around certain fundamental core ideas whether we realize it or not. If I were asked to state the ideas around which my life and my life"s work have been built it would seem that they were very simple ideas. 　　无论我们能否认识到这点，每个人的人生都与某种基础的核心思想密切相连的。 　　An old professor of mine used to say that "effort counts." "The surest thing in the world," he would say, "next to death is that effort counts." This I believe with all my heart. 　　倘若有人问我，我的生命与工作基于何种观念?我觉得它们非常简单。“一分耕耘，一分收获。”这是我的一位老教授过去常说的话。他说：“除了死亡之外，世界上最确切的事就是u2018一分耕耘，一分收获u2019。”我对此深信不疑。 　　We seldom realize the sense of glow, the sense of growing self-esteem, the sense of achievement, which can come from doing a job well. Just working at a thing with enthusiasm and with a belief that the job may be accomplished, however uncertain the outcome, lends zest to life. 　　我们很少能意识到工作带给我们的乐趣，对我们自尊心的培养，以及给予我们的成就感。只要带着热情去做一件事情，并坚信一定可以完成，无论最终会有怎样的结果，它都会为我们的生活带来激情。 　　If I were to start life again, I think I would do just what I have done in the past-this past having been done by mere chance. I would start at some task which very much needed to be done. I would start in a place which was run down and I would believe with all my heart that if the thing needed to be done and if effort were put into it, results would come for human good. 　　如果再给我一次生命，我想我仍会做过去所做的事——虽然过去所做的一切纯属偶然。我会从急需去做的事情做起，从破损之处做起;我会由衷地相信，只要是必须做的事，只要付出努力，就一定会获得对人类有益的结果。 　　Too, from the outset, my wife and I have had the feeling that no matter what else we did in life, we had to devote our best thinking and our best living to our children. 　　并且，我和妻子从一开始就认为，无论生活中还有任何什么别的事等待我们去做，我们都必须全身心为孩子们提供最好的生活。 　　Now that they are all grown, we have sincere satisfaction in the fact that trying to do a job and trying to earn a living did not take away from us this urgency to be and do so that our children could have a feeling of the importance of integrity, honesty and straightforwardness in life. 　　如今，他们都已长大成人。我们感到无比满足，我们为生计奔波，努力工作，但都不曾忽略孩子，这样孩子们才能真正明白生活中正直、诚实和坦率的重要性。而我觉得，人们通常都忽略了这些。为了在社会中生存，人们不得不去工作，于是忽略了自己的孩子。 　　It seems to me far too often this is overlooked. We people in public life do the jobs we have to do and fail to save our own children. This second thing is important- doing the task you have to do but beginning at home to bring peace, love, happiness and contentment to those whom God has given you. 　　然而，后者更为重要——做你必须做的事，但先要把和平、爱心、幸福和满足感带给家中的那些上帝恩赐与你的孩子们。 　　The third idea, around which I have tried to live and work, is that there is an overshadowing Providence that cares for one. Ofttimes struggles are too intense, too "eager beaverish" when, as a matter of fact, time and God can solve many problems. 　　上天始终眷顾着我，这是维系我的生活与工作的第三个观念。有时，我们会过于积极，过于“急功近利”，而事实上，上帝和时间会解决很多问题。 　　Never in my life have I gotten away from the idea that God cares and that He provides that the forces of good in the world are greater than the forces of evil and that if we will lend ourselves to those forces, in the long run we have greater joy and happiness in the thing which we try to achieve. 　　上帝眷顾着我们，他让我们懂得世界上善的力量总大于恶的力量，只要我们追随着善，就一定会从我们努力成就的事业中获得更多的快乐与幸福，这正是我在一生中都不曾背离的一种观念。它们是我儿时时从母亲那里学到的。 　　This I learned from my mother as a boy. Although she was ill and although we were poor-as poor as people can be-I do not now recall a moment of discouragement in her presence. There was always an overpowering belief that God was in His heaven and that, as Joe Louis said, "God is on our side." 　　虽然母亲染病在身，虽然我们的生活一贫如洗，但是在我的记忆中，母亲从未有过一刻的气馁。她始终坚信，正如乔u2022路易斯所说：“上帝与我们同在。”上帝就在天堂。 　　These things I believe with all my heart. 　　对于这些观念，我是由衷地相信的。 　　英语美文励志朗诵文章鉴赏 　　The Light of a Bright Day 　　更光明的未来 　　I choose for my subject faith wrought into life, apart from creed or dogma. By faith I mean a vision of good one cherishes and the enthusiasm that pushes one to seek its fulfillment regardless of obstacles. Faith is a dynamic power that breaks the chain of routine and gives a new, fine turn to old commonplaces. Faith reinvigorates the will, enriches the affections and awakens a sense of creativeness. 　　我选择生活的信念作为主题，而不是信条或教义。我认为，信念是一个人所珍爱的美好想象，是鼓励某人不顾艰难实现梦想的热情。信念是一种充满活力的力量，它能打破常规的束缚，让平凡陈旧的事物焕然一新。信念能使人的意志再次振作，使人的情感更为丰富，并能唤醒人的创造力。 　　Active faith knows no fear, and it is a safeguard to me against cynicism and despair. 　　积极的信念是无畏的，它守护着我远离愤世嫉俗和绝望的境地。 　　After all, faith is not one thing or two or three things; it is an indivisible totality of beliefs that inspire me. Belief in God as infinite good will and all-seeing Wisdom whose everlasting arms sustain me walking on the sea of life. 　　除此之外，信念并非一种或两三种具体的事物，而是鼓舞着我所有信仰的整体，是无法分割的。我相信，当我在生命的海洋中前行时，是拥有无限善意和无尽的智慧的上帝，用他永恒的臂膀为我支撑的。 　　Trust in my fellow men, wonder at their fundamental goodness and confidence that after this night of sorrow and oppression they will rise up strong and beautiful in the glory of morning. Reverence for the beauty an preciousness of the earth, and a sense of responsibility to do what I can to make it a habitation of health and plenty for all men. 　　我相信我的同伴，惊奇于他们善良的天性与信念。他们相信，在经历了悲伤与压迫的漫漫长夜后，他们将会在清晨的美丽光影中坚强地重新站起来。我崇敬着地球上一切美丽与珍贵的事物，感觉到自己有责任为全人类能拥有一个健康而富饶的家园尽心尽力。 　　Faith in immortality because it renders less bitter the separation from those I have loved and lost, and because it will free me from unnatural limitations and unfold still more faculties I have in joyous activity. Even if my vital spark should be blown out, I believe that I should behave with courageous dignity in the presence of fate and strive to be a worthy companion of the beautiful, the good, and the True. 　　永恒能减轻我与深爱但已失去的人分离时的痛苦;它能让我摆脱人为的束缚，发现享受欢乐的能力，因此我相信永恒。就算我的生命之火终将熄灭，我还是坚信，自己能够勇敢且充满尊严地面对命运，成为真善美称职的战友。 　　But fate has its master in the faith of those who surmount it, and limitation has its limits for those who, thought disillusioned, live greatly. True faith is not a fruit of security, it is the ability to blend mortal fragility with the inner strength of the spirit. It does not shift with the changing shades of one"s thought. 　　但那些战胜命运者的信仰也会受命运的主宰，那些理想虽破灭但依然勇敢生存者的权利也会受到局限。真正的信念充满了危险，它是人类致命的脆弱与精神内在力量的能力结合。它不会随一个人想法的转变而改变。 　　It was a terrible blow to my faith when I learned that millions of my fellow creatures must labor all their days for food and shelter, bear the most crushing burdens and die without having known the joy of living. 　　当我得知数不清的同伴都在为他们的生计终日劳作，忍受着最沉重的压力，不曾享受生活的乐趣就黯然而逝的时候，我的信念遭到了严重的打击。 　　My security vanished forever, and I have never regained the radiant belief of my young years that earth is a happy home and hearth for the majority of mankind. But faith is a state of mind. The believer is not soon disheartened. If he is turned out of his shelter, he builds up a house that the winds of the earth cannot destroy. 　　我永远地失去了安全感，也永远失去了儿时那令人欣喜的信仰：地球是多数人的幸福家园。但信念是精神的一种状态。人只要拥有信念，就不会轻言放弃。倘若他不得已颠沛流离，也会再次建起一座房子，那是地球上任何飓风都无法摧毁的。 　　When I think of the suffering and famine, and the continued slaughter of men, my spirit bleeds, but the thought comes to me that, like the little deaf, dumb and blind child I once was, mankind is growing out of the darkness of ignorance and hate into the light of a brighter day. 　　当我想到人们依然遭受着苦难与饥荒，想到人类无休止的杀戮，我的心便会滴血。但我的脑海里会出现这样的想法：正如我曾经是个又聋又哑又盲的小女孩一样，人类也正在无知与憎恨的黑暗中慢慢成长，向更光明的明天走去。 　　英语美文励志朗诵文章赏析 　　Matisse and the Music of Discontent 马蒂斯和永不满足的音乐 　　By Andre Kostelanetz 　　On Easter Sunday, 1945, the last year of the war, my wife and I were in Marseilles. We had just arrived for four daysu2019 rest, after a tour of entertaining the troops in Burma. It was a wonderful morning, sparkling but not too warm. There were no tourists, of course, and we decided to drive along the Riviera to Vence and call on Matisse. We had never met the painter, but we knew well his son Pierre in New York. 　　We found Matisse living in a small house, with a magnificent, sweeping view beyond his vegetable garden. In one room, there was a cage with a lot of fluttering birds. The place was covered with paintings, most of them obviously new ones. I marveled at his production, and I asked him, “What is your inspiration?” 　　“I grow artichokes,” he said. His eyes smiled at my surprise and he went on to explain: “Every morning, I go into the garden and watch these plants. I see the play of light and shade on the leaves, and I discover new combinations of colors and fantastic patterns. I study them. They inspire me. Then I go back into the studio and paint.” 　　This struck me forcefully. Here was perhaps the worldu2019s most celebrated living painter. He was approaching 80, and I would have thought that he had seen every combination of light and shade imaginable. Yet every day he got fresh inspiration from the sunlight on an artichoke; it seemed to charge the delicate dynamo of his genius with an effervescent energy almost inexhaustible. 　　I wondered what might have happened if Matisse had never taken that morning stroll in the garden. But such a withdrawal is not in his character. Sometimes a man builds a wall around himself, shutting out the light. Not Matisse. He goes out to meet the world, discovers it and seems to soak up the discoveries in his very pores. 　　In such a process, man inhales the chemicals of inspiration, so to speak. As a musician, inspiration is vital to me, but I find it hard to define what it is. It is more than just drinking in a view or being in love. It is, I think, a sense of discovery, a keen appetite for something new. There goes with it a certain amount of discipline, of control, coupled with a reluctance to accept a rigid, preconceived pattern. Someone has described this whole feeling as a divine discontent. 　　The source of this capacity for thrilling, explanatory wonder at life rests, I believe, above man himself in something supreme. I sense this in regarding nature, which stimulates me in all my creative work. 　　There are a host of things about the universe which I do not clearly understand, any more than I can understand, for example, the technicalities of the process by which we can be heard and seen in this new dimension, the miraculous television screen. 　　Such finite things as these inventions were inconceivable mysteries a few years ago. The reason for life may be obscure to me, but that is no cause to doubt that the reason is there. Like Matisse with his artichoke, I can regard the infinite number of lights and shades of a piece of music and know that this is true.

连锁店的发展 连锁店集团的零售商店进行了一般领域的相同的业务运作，根据同一所有权或管理。连锁门店来体现纵向一体化的大企业现代质量分布，以及它们的战略塑造了大众消费。 现代商业连锁开始于1859年，在这一年中的大大西洋和太平洋茶叶公司开设了第一家杂货店（一普） 。又一城的世界连锁 ，革新者五和毛钱，开了第一家店面品种于1879年在尤蒂卡，纽约。连锁店公司增长极大地超过了未来数十年间，无论是在销售和数量的商店，并从由1929年占22 ％ ，占美国零售销售。增长最为显着，在食品杂货零售和在各种商店。但连锁店也证明是成功的，在其他领域，包括烟草商店，药店，餐馆，像啤酒的立场和豪生国际。 受欢迎的连锁店，是不是因吸收了广泛的选择，还是服务;高管有限范围内的商品的商店出售，并一直受到严格控制商店的设计和管理人员的行动，在这些相对中小型商店。价格低廉是最大的绘图卡，广告突出特写出售物品。降低成本和降低价格的结果，这些公司的投资在自己的仓库和销售网络的"规模经济" -降低单位成本，通过高容量的销售。 经济增长还取决于其他几个重要策略。连锁降低了劳动力成本，采用自我服务，鼓励顾客选择商品，为自己。公司还制定了专门的技术选择商店的网站，吸引尽可能多的潜在客户，因此所谓的百分之百的地点。这些行动赢得了他们的忠诚的购物者表示赞赏链的规范，一般翻译成更多的平等对待消费者。承诺的自主性和独立性的人特别有吸引力，以女性顾客为对象，由杂货店连锁店。 更严重的威胁是增长的一个新种店-超市。超市往往来说是非常小铁链或单店独立和体力要远远大于连锁店。一个单一的超市出售的许多商品，还有更多种商品，比大多数连锁店的客户争夺时代。这些店铺往往设在边远城市和地区，在郊区。大型连锁超市公司在第一裹足不前的概念，建设少，但大型商场。由20世纪50年代，但是，大多数连锁杂货行大厦超市，连锁企业在其他领域，特别是品种和家用，也都来采纳这些战略。大型自助服务商店建立在边缘的城市或郊区来界定大众零售。

使用编辑功能总的“查找/替换”功能来实现。方法如下：点击上方菜单栏中的“编辑”---“查找和替换”（此功能在每个软件和版本所出现的位置不同，留心找下） 或者使用快捷组合键 CTRL+F ，调出查找或替换窗口在查找替换窗口中选择“替换”，然后在上面的“查找内容”文本框中输入“网络”。在下面的“替换为：”文本框中输入“NETWORK”点击下方的“全部替换”按钮，系统会提示共有多少处内容被替换。如果其他内容需替换，则重复2~4步骤，没有则关闭替换窗口保存内容即可。

守时有回报

Sun Yang uff0cwho was born on 1st December 1991 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provinece.He is a Chinese Olympic and world-record-holdingdistance swimmer. He swam for China at the 2008 Olympics.At the 2010 Asian Games, he won the men"s 1500m freestyle in an Asian Record; this swim and his two other medals at the Games were cited in his being named the Rookie of the Year at the 2010 CCTVSports Awards.At the 2011 World Championships, Sun broke the world record in the 1500 metre freestyle, set by Grant Hackett in 2001 and the longest-held world record in swimming at the time it was broken,and the only men"s swimming record to not have been beaten during the techsuit era. He won the 400 m and 1500 m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics, becoming the first Chinese man ever to win an Olympic gold medal in swimming.At the 2012 Olympics, he was one of two male swimmers to win two individual titles, the other is Michael Phelps.

Phelps was born and raised in the Rodgers Forge area of Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated from Towson High School in 2003. His father, Fred Phelps, worked for the Maryland State Police and his mother, Deborah Sue "Debbie" Davisson Phelps, is a middle school principal. The two divorced in 1994. Michael, whose nickname is "MP", has two older sisters, Whitney and Hilary. Both of them were swimmers as well, with Whitney coming close to making the U.S. national team for the 1996 Summer Olympics before injuries derailed her career.In his youth, Phelps was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He started swimming at age seven, partly because of the influence of his sisters and partly to provide him with an outlet for his energy. He excelled as a swimmer, and by the age of 10 held a national record for his age group. More age group records followed, and Phelps"s rapid improvement culminated in his qualifying for the 2000 Summer Olympics at the age of 15.

Strategic management is the conduct of drafting, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term objectives. It is the process of specifying the organization"s mission, vision and objectives, developing policies and plans, often in terms of projects and programs, which are designed to achieve these objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the policies and plans, projects and programs. A balanced scorecard is often used to evaluate the overall performance of the business and its progress towards objectives. Strategic management is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics. Strategic management provides overall direction to the enterprise and is closely related to the field of Organization Studies. In the field of business administration it is useful to talk about "strategic alignment" between the organization and its environment or "strategic consistency". According to Arieu (2007), "there is strategic consistency when the actions of an organization are consistent with the expectations of management, and these in turn are with the market and the context." “Strategic management is an ongoing process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which the company is involved; assesses its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors; and then reassesses each strategy annually or quarterly [i.e. regularly] to determine how it has been implemented and whether it has succeeded or needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, new competitors, a new economic environment., or a new social, financial, or political environment.

是不是那个印度女的炒做被种族歧视的节目

Adjacent Communities The city of Kaktovik lies on the north shore of Barter Island. The Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation (KIC) is the Village Corporation established for the Inupiat Eskimos of Kaktovik by the Alaska Native Claims Act of 1971. KIC owns approximately 92,000 acres of surface lands in and around the Kaktovik community. All of the corporation"s land is within the boundaries of the Arctic Refuge. Arctic Village is on the east fork of the Chandalar River. In 1943, the Venetie Indian Reservation was established. When the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was passed in 1971, Venetie and Arctic Village opted for title to the the former Reservation. These 1.8 million acres are now Venetie Tribal Lands. The Gwich"in Indian members of both villages own this as tenants in common through the Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government. The village of Old Crow is on the north bank of the Porcupine River, in Canada. The Old Crow Flats Special Management Area was established under the terms of the Yukon First Nation Final Agreements signed on May 29, 1993. Much of this special management area is owned by the local Gwich"in people.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Additional sources of information are listed below. There are no links from the following pages back to this web site. Use your browser"s BACK button to return to the Arctic Refuge, or set a bookmark for the Refuge before you leave. The City of Kaktovik. The village of Old Crow. The Old Crow Flats Special Management Area. These and additional villages monitor their natural resources through the "community-based ecological monitoring program" within the Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op.

没有

地热能地热能是很自然的热内地球上是转换成热的建筑和发电。在利用地球的内部热不是新来的。早在1904年，地热的力量是在意大利使用。今天，地球的自然的内部热是B

每次我们走进一家商店，餐厅，剧院或任何其他地方的业务买东西，我们的贸易。基本上，国际贸易没有区别，贸易与其他人在我们国家。理解的关键是记住它为什么发生。为什么人们，无论他们住在哪里，是因为他们相信他们会更好的交易。当我们考虑到我们的一切alternative-each生产ourselves-trade只是更有意义的过程。进口和出口创造更多种类的商品和服务，因为它允许各国专门他们做什么最好。从事货物可以产生最有效的，一个国家可以增加生产，有机会使更多的销售和利润。利润可以转化为增加工资的工作和更多的投资于工厂和设备。这个过程还提供消费者更多的商品价格更低。贸易带来的好处可以解释使用经济绝对和相对优势理论。例如，假设有一个律师和律师助理。如果需要律师更少的时间去准备简报或输入字母比它的助理，在经济语言，律师有一个“绝对优势”在准备法律简报和打字。如果我们住在这里，我们可能倾向于认为律师应该产生，因为律师是更好的在。根据比较优势的，律师应当专注于他或她的最强的技术和法律，法律assistant-typing字母。如果他们这样做，他们将生产超过如果他们每个人都试图做任务单。专业从事他们所做的最好，然后交易他们的产品的其他他们所需要的东西会使双方更好。通过国际贸易，国家商品交易所产生最有效的商品其他国家生产最有效。在越来越多的消费者有更大的市场，每一个有能力的国家专营所能做到最好。重要的是要注意到，律师和法律助理将受益于专业化和贸易。同样，国际贸易是一个双赢的局面，为所有国家参与。

选一楼的把

love is sacrifice The true love, is may pay for opposite party all, certainly includes sacrifices own all. But, is not to sacrifice itself but loves opposite party. Usually, we better will protect ourselves, will cause the healthy longevity, can thus better long-time consider oneself love human. Does not love own person, how to understand loves others, and has ability to love others. Therefore, must love others, must first love itself. But, when both cannot give dual attention, in the crisis time, can only choose itself perhaps the love person, a time, the true love is may sacrifice itself, but protects the spouse. Looks like the mother, the father protects the child, may sacrifice itself, let alone the humanity, will be the lion, the tiger will also do this.

黑麦（ Secale cereale , 2n = 2x = 14, RR）属于禾本科小麦族黑麦属，虽然与普通小麦（ Triticum aestivum ，Ta；2n=6x=42；AABBDD）和大麦（ Hordeum vulgare ，Hv）有亲缘关系， 但黑麦具有独特的农艺性状和基因组特性。黑麦1RS染色体臂携带的抗病基因通过远缘杂交转入小麦基因组，为小麦生产中白粉病和条锈病的防治做出了巨大贡献。此外，黑麦也可以与普通小麦远缘杂交，染色体加倍后，人工合成八倍体小黑麦，具有比黑麦更高的生物量和产量。因此，黑麦是许多国家重要的粮食和饲料作物，也是全球小麦和小黑麦改良的重要遗传资源。 威宁黑麦是我国的 栽培黑麦早抽穗优良品种，具有抗白粉病和条锈病的能力 。为了解析黑麦优良性状的遗传和分子基础，促进黑麦及相关作物的基因组和育种研究，作者对威宁黑麦进行了基因组测序和分析。 基因组： 基因注释转录组测序： 正常或胁迫（冷或干旱）条件下栽培的植物中的叶、茎、根和穗样品，以及在开花10、20、30、40天后收获的发育中的样品, 采用Illumina及Pacbio平台进行RNA-seq及Iso-Seq； 遗传图谱QTL : 295份威宁黑麦×荆州黑麦杂交的F2代样品，采用SLAF-seq进行标记开发； 抽穗基因表达 : 威宁黑麦和荆州黑麦样品，播种后4、7和10天采集叶片样品，每个时间点使用3个生物重复，使用Illumina平台进行测序； 选择进化分析 ： 已发表的101份家养黑麦和野生黑麦品种材料的公共数据，包括81份 S. cereala 、5份 S. vavilovii 、11份 S. strictum 和4份 S. sylvestre 。 流式预估黑麦基因组大小约为7.86 Gb，结合PacBio、Illumina、Hi-C、遗传图谱、BioNano光学图谱等技术进行基因组组装。最终组装 7.74 Gb 基因组（为预估基因组大小的98.47%），scaffold N50 为1.04 Gb，并将93.67%的序列挂载至 7条 染色体上（图1）。黑麦中每条染色体基因组大小均在 1G左右 （2R、3R、4R、6R、7R（~1Gb）；1R（0.94097 Gb）、5R（0.99891 Gb) ），比乌拉尔图小麦（ T. urartu ；Tu；AA型）、节节麦（ Aegilops tauschii ；Aet；DD型）、野生二粒小麦（ T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides ；WEW；AABB型）、普通小麦（Ta）和大麦（Hv）等复杂的麦类中的 单条染色体基因组均要大 。超大的基因组及染色体，对黑麦基因组组装，特别是染色体挂载带来了巨大的挑战。 将组装结果与两个冬季黑麦品种（Lo7和Lo225）构建的染色体连锁图相比，威宁黑麦1R至7R物理图具有较高的一致性。在先前报道的Lo7的pyro-sequencing reads中97.45%可以定位到威宁基因组，平均序列同源性为97.71%，平均序列覆盖率为97.27%。 LAI值为 18.42 ，远高于先前发表的小麦和大麦基因组的LAI值。BUSCO评估结果为 96.74% 。并注释了 86,991 个蛋白编码基因。尽管黑麦基因组非常复杂，通过以上评估结果说明，本次研究构建了一个高质量的威宁黑麦基因组。 威宁黑麦基因组中 90.31% 被注释为转座子（TE），共包含537个家族的2,671,941个成员，这些TE的含量明显比普通小麦 (84.70%), 乌拉尔图小麦 (81.42%), 节节麦 (84.40%), 野生二粒小麦 (82.20%)以及大麦 (80.80%)更高。其中长末端重复反转录转座子（ LTR-RTs ）是主要的转座子，在注释的TEs中占 84.49% 。 与乌拉尔图小麦、节节麦及大麦的LTR-RTs进行比较发现 ： （1） Gypsy 是威宁黑麦基因组扩张的主要原因之一(Fig. 2a)，并且有3个LTR-RT家族（ Daniela , Sumaya , Sumana ）在威宁黑麦中特异扩张，其中 Daniela 的占比最高 (Fig. 2b)。 （2）威宁黑麦中完整的LTR-RTs插入时间存在独特的 双峰 分布(Fig. 2c)，最近一个扩增峰出现在50万年前，另一个出现在1.7 百万年（MYA）左右（与大麦相同） (Fig. 2c)。 （3）这种双峰分布模式由 Gypsy RTs 的扩增主导 (Fig. 2d)。 通过比较威宁黑麦、乌拉尔图小麦、节节麦、普通小麦（亚基因组TaA、TaB和TaD）、大麦、水稻Os（ Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）、二穗短柄草Bd（ Brachypodium distachyon ）、玉米Zm（ Zea mays ）、高粱Sb（ Sorghum bicolor ）、谷子Si（ Setaria italica ）基因组，共找到2517个单拷贝同源基因。 通过对单拷贝基因组构建进化树和计算分化时间发现，在大麦和小麦分化后（15MYA）黑麦和二倍体小麦发生了分化（9.6 MYA） (Fig. 3a)。 作者以水稻为祖先参考基因组，研究了威宁黑麦的染色体进化 。威宁黑麦与水稻共鉴定出23个大的共线性区，包含10949对同源基因，可推断出祖先染色体片段在1R到7R之间的排列（图3b）： （1）3R来源于一条古老的染色体AGK1/Os1，该染色体的一段易位到6RL； （2）1R和2R分别由两条祖先染色体组成，1R与AGK10/Os10嵌套插入AGK5/Os5有关，2R与AGK7/Os7嵌套插入AGK4/Os4有关； （3）4R, 5R, 6R,7R是通过复杂易位从至少三条祖先染色体上获得的（图3b）。 在威宁黑麦基因组与普通小麦3个亚基因组的比较中，1R、2R和3R分别与小麦1、2和3组染色体完全共线。在4R中发现与4A/4B/4D、7A/7B/7D或6A/6B/6D部分共线性的三个区域。5R与5A完全共线，与5B、5D部分共线是由于易位的4B或4D片段在5BL或5DL的长臂融合（图3c）。在6R中，观察到3个区域与6A/6B/6D、3A/3B/3D或7A/7B/7D部分共线。这些数据将有助于黑麦在禾本科比较基因组学研究以及黑麦与普通小麦杂交研究中的应用。 作者在威宁黑麦中检测到4217个单拷贝基因、23753个 分散重复基因 (DDGs) 、6659个 近端重复基因 (PDGs) 、7077个 串联重复基因(TDGs) 和1866个 片段重复基因 。转座重复基因（TrDGs）由TE活性诱导的，它们是DDGs的主要组成部分。作者以大麦为参考，在威宁黑麦中鉴定出10357个TrDG，远远大于以相同方式计算的乌拉尔图小麦（7145）和节节麦（7351）中TrDG的数量（图4b）。威宁黑麦所特有的TrDG（5926）也比乌拉尔图小麦（3513）和节节麦（3327）所特有的TrDG更多（图4b）。 接下来作者研究了黑麦淀粉生物合成相关基因（SBRGs）中的基因复制。研究发现 这些重复类型在黑麦淀粉生物合成相关基因（SBRGs）中普遍存在，并且不同的 SBRG 的复制基因之间往往表现出表达差异，说明不同类型的基因复制可以丰富黑麦基因在重要生物过程中的遗传多样性 （图4c），这些黑麦 SBRGs 的新变化可能为调控植物淀粉生物合成和性质提供新的酶活性，因此解析全套黑麦 SBRGs 有利于提高黑麦的产量潜力和营养品质。 与小麦和大麦相似，黑麦在胚乳组织中积累了丰富的储存蛋白SSPs。作者利用威宁基因组组装技术对黑麦SSP基因座进行了分析。 在威宁黑麦中未发现小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GSs）或大麦B-hordein的同源序列（图5b）， 表明在黑麦进化过程中携带这些基因的染色体片段缺失 ，这可能是1BL1RS易位系小麦品种中，品质受影响的主要原因。 并且在威宁黑麦基因组中未发现α-醇溶蛋白基因， 这说明小麦及其近缘种的α-醇溶蛋白（α-gliadin）基因可能在小麦和黑麦分化之后进化产生的。 这些SSP分析结果阐明了黑麦碱基因座的结构和组成，这将有助于进一步研究黑麦、小黑麦和小麦的加工和营养品质。 作者利用iTAK预测了威宁黑麦和其他8种禾本科植物的TF基因 ，在注释的65个转录因子基因家族中，威宁黑麦有28个家族成员增加，其中AP2/ERF TF基因家族成员增加幅度较大。威宁黑麦的 抗病相关基因（DRA ）数量（1989）比乌拉尔图小麦（1621）、节节麦（1758）、大麦（1508）、二穗短柄草（1178）、水稻（1575）以及普通小麦的A（1836）、B（1728）和D（1888）亚基因组多。 鉴于AP2/ERF TFs和DRA基因在植物对非生物逆境和生物逆境的反应中的重要作用，上述发现可能有助于黑麦和相关作物的有效遗传研究和分子改良。 在长日照条件下，威宁黑麦比荆州黑麦提前抽穗10-12天（图6a），这与威宁黑麦茎尖分生组织发育更快有关（图6b）。在威宁黑麦基因组中，注释到在长日照条件下高表达的两个开花位点（FT）基因 ScFT1 （ScWN4R01G446100）和 ScFT2 （ScWN3R01G192500）。播种后7天和10天， ScFT1 和 ScFT2 在威宁黑麦中的表达水平显著高于荆州黑麦（图6c），且ScFT蛋白在黑麦中积累到相对较高水平，而荆州黑麦中几乎没有（图6d）。检测到的ScFT蛋白的大小（~29 kDa）比预测出的ScFT1和ScFT2的分子量大（~19 kDa）（图6d），表明ScFT蛋白具有潜在的翻译后修饰。用高效检测磷蛋白的磷酸标记SDS-PAGE分析表明，威宁黑麦中ScFT确实发生了翻译后磷酸化修饰。 作者突变了ScFT2磷酸化相关的两个残基（S76和T132），并为ScFT2构建了一系列去磷模拟位点（S76A、T132A和S76A/T132A）和磷模拟位点（S76D、T132D和S76D/T132D）。当使用马铃薯X病毒载体在烟草中进行外源表达时，ScFT2和去磷双突变体ScFT2 S76A/T132A 相对于游离GFP（对照）和其他ScFT2突变体，表现出持续促进烟草生长（图6e）。与GFP相比，ScFT2和三个去磷突变体（ScFT2 S76A 、ScFT2 T132A 及ScFT2 S76A/T132A ）的异位表达提高了开花植株的百分比，ScFT2 S76A/T132A 尤其明显，但在表达三个拟磷突变体（ScFT2 S76D , ScFT2 T132D , or ScFT2 S76D/T132D ）中没有观察到这种促进作用（图6f）。免疫印迹分析表明，ScFT2、ScFT2 S76A 、ScFT2 T132A 和ScFT2 S76A/T132A 在烟草植株中的积累量相当高，但ScFT2 S76D 、ScFT2 T132D 和ScFT2 S76D/T132D 在烟草植株中的积累量却很低（图6g）。因此，保守的S76和T132残基的改变影响了ScFT2控制植物开花的功能，这与ScFT2蛋白稳定性的改变有关。本研究首次发现FT磷酸化对开花时间控制的影响，为更全面地探索FT蛋白控制植物开花的分子和生化机制提供了新的途径。 作者进一步研究了光周期 Photoperiod （ Ppd ）基因的表达，该基因在长日照条件下正调控FT的表达。在威宁和荆州黑麦的转录组分析中发现了一个表达 Ppd 的基因 ScPpd1 （ScWN2R01G043000）。该基因在威宁黑麦内的表达非常早，在播种2 天后达到表达高峰；而荆州黑麦在播种4天后才达到高峰（图6h）。根据 ScPpd1 对黑麦抽穗期的调控作用，研究者利用威宁×荆州F2代群体，检测到与前期研究一致的三个主效抽穗期QTL（ Hd2R、Hd5R 和 Hd6R ）。 对驯化基因的分析可以促进对作物性状的理解和改良，但在黑麦中这类基因的分子分析方面进展甚微。作者通过全基因组选择清除分析，利用在栽培黑麦和瓦维洛夫黑麦（ S. vavilovii ）之间鉴定的123647个SNPs，挖掘黑麦驯化相关染色体区域和基因座。DRI、 F ST 、XP-CLR分析中，共同识别到11个选择信号（图7a-c）。通过与水稻和大麦的共线性比较，发现了一些可能的选择清除位点，包括已在水稻或大麦中已被功能分析的 ScBC1 、 ScBtr 、 ScGW2 、 ScMOC1 、 ScID1 和 ScWx 的同源基因（图7a-c）。 检测到的 ScID1 基因座包含一对具有相同编码序列的 ScID1 同源序列（ScWN6R01G057200和ScWN6R01G057300，下称 ScID1.1 和 ScID1.2 ）（图7d）。ScID1.1和ScID1.2蛋白与玉米ID1（63.19%）和水稻RID1（65.34%）具有很强的同源性，这两个蛋白在玉米和水稻中都被发现调控着从营养体向花发育的转换。 ScID1.1 和 ScID1.2 在威宁黑麦幼叶中的表达水平高于荆州黑麦（图7e）。在威宁×荆州分离的F2群体中， ScID1 JZ/JZ 纯合植株的平均抽穗期显著晚于 ScID1 JZ/WN 或 ScID1 WN/WN 个体（图7f），这与荆州黑麦相对于威宁黑麦的晚花表型相一致（图6a）。以上结果表明 ScID1 可能参与了抽穗期的调控，并可能通过黑麦驯化进行选择，使作物成熟度得到适当的调整，以更好地适应生长环境。 总结 本研究对我国栽培的优良品种威宁黑麦进行了基因组测序，基因组组装大小为7.74 Gb，其中93.67%被挂载到7条染色体上，重复序列占总基因组的90.31%。并基于高质量基因组揭示了全基因组基因复制及其对淀粉生物合成基因的影响，解析了复杂储存蛋白基因座位点、早抽穗性状的基因表达特征以及黑麦中与驯化相关的染色体区域和基因座。本次研究结果对黑麦的基因组特性及其农艺性状调控基因有了新的认识，获得了对进一步研究黑麦驯化遗传基础可能有用的染色体区域和基因座。威宁黑麦基因组组装对于破解黑麦基因组生物学，深化比较谷类基因组学研究，加速黑麦及相关谷类作物的遗传改良具有重要价值。 A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xl2NsMrbn59nrbfSdD-kCg

One of the few foods which appeals to people all over the world is chocolate. Developed by the Aztecs in South America, chocolate was brought to Europe by Spanish explorers around 1500 and soon became a fashionable drink. By the 19th century the Swiss had learned how to make it into a solid form which could be eaten rather than drunk. Chocolate bars rapidly became a popular snack for Europeans and people in most parts of the world. The word chocolate is the name for the Aztec goddess of love. It has always been one of the most popular gifts between lovers, especially on Valentine"s Day. In fact, chocolate contains a chemical that can produce a feeling of pleasure and contentment. pared with other sweet-tasting snacks, chocolate is probably healthier. It contains good levels of many nutritious elements. It is stimulating and energy-giving. Although its fat content is high, it is no higher than ice-cream and French fries. And recent research has shown that much of the fat content in it cannot be absorbed by the body and 75% of the saturated fat in chocolate contains a substance which actually helps digestion. However, if you eat too much chocolate, it will make you fat, as is true of many other foods. Clinging to the window, my nose easily *** ells out the familiar flavor pervading in the *** all chocolate store. I gulp down the saliva after a piece of chocolate melts in my mouth, and even could not help closing my eyes to enjoy the marvelous feeling. Oh, Chocolate, my favorite! ------------------------------------------------------------------ 下面是些资料 你可以自己按喜好删减或者添加 希望能帮到你 楼主加油~~好运~~！The chocolate origins from Mexico, there is growing deep-rooted andflourishing, the laden with fruit cacao. Before this, the peoplediscovered the earliest chocolate expends the archaeology evidencebelongs to the A.D. 400 years. 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不会。Sustainability（以下简称Sus）是由出版商MDPI于2009年创立的一家开源期刊。编委学者是期刊质量的重要保证，也是期刊发展的持续动力。自创刊以来，Sustainability 期刊的编委团队为期刊的稳定发展做出了极大贡献。在过去的一年里，Sustainability 取得了长足稳定的进步。在此我们向Sustainability 期刊学术编委团队对期刊做出的杰出贡献表达最诚挚的感谢，相信在他们的支持和帮助下期刊会发展的越来越好，也期待今后更多优秀学者的加入。

比较详细的这个New Zealand is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses u2012 that of the North and South Islands u2012 as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country"s varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth"s surface.Polynesians settled New Zealand in 1250–1300 CE and developed a distinctive Māori culture, and Europeans first made contact in 1642 CE. The introduction of potatoes and muskets triggered upheaval among Māori early during the 19th century, which led to the inter-tribal Musket Wars. In 1840 the British and Māori signed a treaty making New Zealand a colony of the British Empire. Immigrant numbers increased sharply and conflicts escalated into the New Zealand Wars, which resulted in much Māori land being confiscated in the mid North Island. Economic depressions were followed by periods of political reform, with women gaining the vote during the 1890s, and a welfare state being established from the 1930s. After World War II, New Zealand joined Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty, although the United States later, until 2010, suspended the treaty after New Zealand banned nuclear weapons. New Zealand is part of the intelligence sharing among the Anglosphere countries, the UKUSA Agreement. New Zealanders enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the world in the 1950s, but the 1970s saw a deep recession, worsened by oil shocks and the United Kingdom"s entry into the European Economic Community. The country underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. Markets for New Zealand"s agricultural exports have diversified greatly since the 1970s, with once-dominant exports of wool being overtaken by dairy products, meat, and recently wine.The majority of New Zealand"s population is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and non-Māori Polynesians. English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language are the official languages, with English predominant. Much of New Zealand"s culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. Early European art was dominated by landscapes and to a lesser extent portraits of Māori. A recent resurgence of Māori culture has seen their traditional arts of carving, weaving and tattooing become more mainstream. Many artists now combine Māori and Western techniques to create unique art forms. The country"s culture has also been broadened by globalisation and increased immigration from the Pacific Islands and Asia. New Zealand"s diverse landscape provides many opportunities for outdoor pursuits and has provided the backdrop for a number of big budget movies.New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes; these have less autonomy than the country"s long defunct provinces did. Nationally, executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Queen Elizabeth II is the country"s head of state and is represented by a Governor-General. The Queen"s Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing but in free association); and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand"s territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and the United Nations

看看对你有没有帮助。The CompetitionIt is essential to know who the competition is and to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Factors to consider include: Each of your competitor"s experience, staying power, market position, strength, predictability and freedom to abandon the market must be evaluated.Your EnterpriseAn honest appraisal of the strength of your enterprise is a critical factor in the development of your strategy. Factors to consider include: Enterprise capacity to be leader in low-cost production considering cost control infrastructure, cost of materials, economies of scale, management skills, availability of personnel and compatibility of manufacturing resources with offering requirements. The enterprise"s ability to construct entry barriers to competition such as the creation of high switching costs, gaining substantial benefit from economies of scale, exclusive access to or clogging of distribution channels and the ability to clearly differentiate your offering from the competition. The enterprise"s ability to sustain its market position is determined by the potential for competitive imitation, resistance to inflation, ability to maintain high prices, the potential for product obsolescence and the "learning curve" faced by the prospect. The prominence of the enterprise. The competence of the management team. The adequacy of the enterprise"s infrastructure in terms of organization, recruiting capabilities, employee benefit programs, customer support facilities and logistical capabilities. The freedom of the enterprise to make critical business decisions without undue influence from distributors, suppliers, unions, creditors, investors and other outside influences. Freedom from having to deal with legal problems.DevelopmentA review of the strength and viability of the product/service development program will heavily influence the direction of your strategy. Factors to consider include: The strength of the development manager including experience with personnel management, current and new technologies, complex projects and the equipment and tools used by the development personnel. Personnel who understand the relevant technologies and are able to perform the tasks necessary to meet the development objectives. Adequacy and appropriateness of the development tools and equipment. The necessary funding to achieve the development objectives. Design specifications that are manageable.ProductionYou should review your enterprise"s production organization with respect to their ability to cost effectively produce products/services. The following factors are considered: The strength of production manager including experience with personnel management, current and new technologies, complex projects and the equipment and tools used by the manufacturing personnel. Economies of scale allowing the sharing of operations, sharing of production and the potential for vertical integration. Technology and production experience The necessary production personnel skill level and/or the enterprise"s ability to hire or train qualified personnel. The ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power. The ability of the enterprise to control the quality of raw materials and production. Adequate access to raw materials and sub-assembly production.Marketing/SalesThe marketing and sales organization is analyzed for its strengths and current activities. Factors to consider include: Experience of Marketing/Sales manager including contacts in the industry (prospects, distribution channels, media), familiarity with advertising and promotion, personal selling capabilities, general management skills and a history of profit and loss responsibilities. The ability to generate good publicity as measured by past successes, contacts in the press, quality of promotional literature and market education capabilities. Sales promotion techniques such as trade allowances, special pricing and contests. The effectiveness of your distribution channels as measured by history of relations, the extent of channel utilization, financial stability, reputation, access to prospects and familiarity with your offering. Advertising capabilities including media relationships, advertising budget, past experience, how easily the offering can be advertised and commitment to advertising. Sales capabilities including availability of personnel, quality of personnel, location of sales outlets, ability to generate sales leads, relationship with distributors, ability to demonstrate the benefits of the offering and necessary sales support capabilities. The appropriateness of the pricing of your offering as it relates to competition, price sensitivity of the prospect, prospect"s familiarity with the offering and the current market life cycle stage.Customer ServicesThe strength of the customer service function has a strong influence on long term market success. Factors to consider include: Experience of the Customer Service manager in the areas of similar offerings and customers, quality control, technical support, product documentation, sales and marketing. The availability of technical support to service your offering after it is purchased. One or more factors that causes your customer support to stand out as unique in the eyes of the customer. Accessibility of service outlets for the customer. The reputation of the enterprise for customer service.ConclusionAfter defining your strategy you must use the information you have gathered to determine whether this strategy will achieve the objective of making your enterprise competitive in the marketplace. Two of the most important assessments are described below.Cost To Enter MarketThis is an analysis of the factors that will influence your costs to achieve significant market penetration. Factors to consider include: Your marketing strength. Access to low cost materials and effective production. The experience of your enterprise. The complexity of introduction problems such as lack of adherence to industry standards, unavailability of materials, poor quality control, regulatory problems and the inability to explain the benefits of the offering to the prospect. The effectiveness of the enterprise infrastructure in terms of organization, recruiting capabilities, employee benefit programs, customer support facilities and logistical capabilities. Distribution effectiveness as measured by history of relations, the extent of channel utilization, financial stability, reputation, access to prospects and familiarity with your offering. Technological efforts likely to be successful as measured by the strength of the development organization. The availability of adequate operating capital.Profit PotentialThis is an analysis of the factors that could influence the potential for generating and maintaining profits over an extended period. Factors to consider include: Potential for competitive retaliation is based on the competitors resources, commitment to the industry, cash position and predictability as well as the status of the market. The enterprise"s ability to construct entry barriers to competition such as the creation of high switching costs, gaining substantial benefit from economies of scale, exclusive access to or clogging of distribution channels and the ability to clearly differentiate your offering from the competition. The intensity of competitive rivalry as measured by the size and number of competitors, limitations on exiting the market, differentiation between offerings and the rapidity of market growth. The ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power. The enterprise"s ability to sustain its market position is determined by the potential for competitive imitation, resistance to inflation, ability to maintain high prices, the potential for product obsolescence and the "learning curve" faced by the prospect. The availability of substitute solutions to the prospect"s need. The prospect"s bargaining power as measured by the ease of switching to an alternative, the cost to look at alternatives, the cost of the offering, the differentiation between your offering and the competition and the degree of the prospect"s need. Market potential for new products considering market growth, prospect"s need for your offering, the benefits of the offering, the number of barriers to immediate use, the credibility of the offering and the impact on the customer"s daily operations. The freedom of the enterprise to make critical business decisions without undue influence from distributors, suppliers, unions, investors and other outside influences.

　 英语文章摘抄 （一） 　　Eliminate Internal Negative Chatter 　　The first step is one of awareness. It will be hard to make a change to positive thinking without being acutely intimate with the thoughts that run through your mind. Recently, I was amazed to discover deep buried emotions from negative thoughts that I had for fewer than 10 minutes. Without awareness, I would have carried the hurt and anger inside. Awareness helped me to bring them out to the open for me to deal with. 　　Undoubtedly it will not be easy to make a switch if you have a long history or negative self talk. Your talk became negative over the years due to various factors. For instance, if your first grade teacher repeatedly told you that you were stupid, you might believe it to be truly the case. You would find that your inner chatter would often be filled with talk of I am so slow and it is so hard to learn. If you constantly tell yourself such negative stories, your actions are going to reflect your low self esteem. It will be difficult to get very far if you are always putting yourself down. 　　A common negative talk involves telling yourself I canu2019t. When you say to yourself I canu2019t or it is too difficult, you are creating a resistance. Having such a mental block will prevent you from achieving a task you could otherwise succeed at. 　　Anytime you catch yourself saying I canu2019t, turn around and challenge your own claim with, Why canu2019t I? Research shows that most geniuses became the people they are also because of the hard work they put in. So if you would like to be successful, you need to start saying I can a lot more. 　　A great method that I have also found useful is to say Cancel Cancel each time I find myself saying something negative, whether in the mind or verbally. The method works if you sincerely have the intent of becoming a positive thinker. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （二） 　　positive Affirmations 　　Affirmations are positive statements of a desired outcome or goal. They are usually short, believable and focused. By repeating them over and over again, you build inroads into your subconscious mind, opening up the possibility of a new state of thoughts. 　　An important step when repeating affirmations is that you need to read your affirmations aloud with feeling. The mere reading of the words bears no consequence unless you put some emotions behind them. Of significant fact is that your subconscious mind takes any orders given in complete faith and after repeated self talk. So the daily practice of repeating affirmations is important. 　　Initially you may be skepticism toward the statement of your positive affirmation. However, if you follow this simple set of instructions your skepticism will soon give way to a new set of beliefs and then crystallized into absolute faith. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （三） 　　positive Scripts 　　One thing that you may observe is on how easy it is for your mind to build negative thought upon negative thought. The chatter not only does not stop but it spins a drama that traps and limits you. 　　From now on, regularly do this exercise instead. Spin an uplifting story that runs like a movie script. Some visualization will be helpful. You build on a story with a positive outline. The longer you can tell this story to yourself the better. It is also best if you can make this story one about having all your goals achieved. When you do this, you start to internalize your goals and dreams, as if they are something that you have already achieved. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （四） 　　Replace Negative Influences with positive Ones 　　It is important that you identify external negative factors in your life which may be holding your thoughts hostage. For instance, your mental state can become toxic by being around friends who are negative. If you are not vigilant enough, you will start to adopt their thoughts as your own. Hence, be alert to what your negative influences are. If they come from certain friends, limit your exposure to them as much as you can. Refrain from discussing your plans with people who will be unsupportive of your dreams and goals. 　　Instead surround yourself with thoughts and actions from people who will empower you. 　　From being uninspired and de-motivated, you will begin to feel uplifted and driven to greater self growth. The positive energy that they vibrate will start affecting the self talk that you engage in as well. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （五） 　　Present Tense Messages 　　You may find yourself daunted by the many things you need to do in order to reach your goals. It just seems overwhelming to become the success that you secretly desire for. Your mind gets caught up in an endless stream of worry. 　　What may be helpful is to concentrate on steps you can take in the present. If you find yourself becoming stuck, stop and say, What can I do right now? Change your internal talk from a future anxiety ridden one to one that is about the more manageable present. You cannot control what will happen in the future but you can take the necessary steps now that will build a better tomorrow. Taking the necessary steps require you to focus your thoughts and inner talk on Now.

　 英语文章摘抄 （一） 　　Eliminate Internal Negative Chatter 　　The first step is one of awareness. It will be hard to make a change to positive thinking without being acutely intimate with the thoughts that run through your mind. Recently, I was amazed to discover deep buried emotions from negative thoughts that I had for fewer than 10 minutes. Without awareness, I would have carried the hurt and anger inside. Awareness helped me to bring them out to the open for me to deal with. 　　Undoubtedly it will not be easy to make a switch if you have a long history or negative self talk. Your talk became negative over the years due to various factors. For instance, if your first grade teacher repeatedly told you that you were stupid, you might believe it to be truly the case. You would find that your inner chatter would often be filled with talk of I am so slow and it is so hard to learn. If you constantly tell yourself such negative stories, your actions are going to reflect your low self esteem. It will be difficult to get very far if you are always putting yourself down. 　　A common negative talk involves telling yourself I canu2019t. When you say to yourself I canu2019t or it is too difficult, you are creating a resistance. Having such a mental block will prevent you from achieving a task you could otherwise succeed at. 　　Anytime you catch yourself saying I canu2019t, turn around and challenge your own claim with, Why canu2019t I? Research shows that most geniuses became the people they are also because of the hard work they put in. So if you would like to be successful, you need to start saying I can a lot more. 　　A great method that I have also found useful is to say Cancel Cancel each time I find myself saying something negative, whether in the mind or verbally. The method works if you sincerely have the intent of becoming a positive thinker. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （二） 　　positive Affirmations 　　Affirmations are positive statements of a desired outcome or goal. They are usually short, believable and focused. By repeating them over and over again, you build inroads into your subconscious mind, opening up the possibility of a new state of thoughts. 　　An important step when repeating affirmations is that you need to read your affirmations aloud with feeling. The mere reading of the words bears no consequence unless you put some emotions behind them. Of significant fact is that your subconscious mind takes any orders given in complete faith and after repeated self talk. So the daily practice of repeating affirmations is important. 　　Initially you may be skepticism toward the statement of your positive affirmation. However, if you follow this simple set of instructions your skepticism will soon give way to a new set of beliefs and then crystallized into absolute faith. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （三） 　　positive Scripts 　　One thing that you may observe is on how easy it is for your mind to build negative thought upon negative thought. The chatter not only does not stop but it spins a drama that traps and limits you. 　　From now on, regularly do this exercise instead. Spin an uplifting story that runs like a movie script. Some visualization will be helpful. You build on a story with a positive outline. The longer you can tell this story to yourself the better. It is also best if you can make this story one about having all your goals achieved. When you do this, you start to internalize your goals and dreams, as if they are something that you have already achieved. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （四） 　　Replace Negative Influences with positive Ones 　　It is important that you identify external negative factors in your life which may be holding your thoughts hostage. For instance, your mental state can become toxic by being around friends who are negative. If you are not vigilant enough, you will start to adopt their thoughts as your own. Hence, be alert to what your negative influences are. If they come from certain friends, limit your exposure to them as much as you can. Refrain from discussing your plans with people who will be unsupportive of your dreams and goals. 　　Instead surround yourself with thoughts and actions from people who will empower you. 　　From being uninspired and de-motivated, you will begin to feel uplifted and driven to greater self growth. The positive energy that they vibrate will start affecting the self talk that you engage in as well. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （五） 　　Present Tense Messages 　　You may find yourself daunted by the many things you need to do in order to reach your goals. It just seems overwhelming to become the success that you secretly desire for. Your mind gets caught up in an endless stream of worry. 　　What may be helpful is to concentrate on steps you can take in the present. If you find yourself becoming stuck, stop and say, What can I do right now? Change your internal talk from a future anxiety ridden one to one that is about the more manageable present. You cannot control what will happen in the future but you can take the necessary steps now that will build a better tomorrow. Taking the necessary steps require you to focus your thoughts and inner talk on Now. 　　 英语文章摘抄 （六） 　　Confront Fears 　　Fear is often what holds you back from your success. You are scared of taking chances because you fear losing the security that you enjoy now. You try to convince yourself that you are happy in your current state when in fact, you are not. Your self talk may sound positive in your attempt to lie to yourself. But somehow, there is an inner knowing that you are short changing yourself. 　　Ask yourself what you are afraid of. What can be the worst that can happen? Take a step-by-step approach in breaking down your fears and see if there is any way round to looking at things more positively. When you confront your fears, you will often realize that the worst case scenario is not as bad as you think. In fact, the benefits of change are worth the risk. Your inner talk begins to change at this point.

oh my god

就是每个字都是可以活动的，可以以字为单位自由排列，并不象一开始那样把整篇文章刻在一个板子上印刷那样“死板”。具体如下：（1）字是活的—— 每字为一印 （2）排版是活的 ——密布字印 （3）字印数目是活的 ——每字皆有数印 （4）做法是活的—— 有奇字素无备者,旋刻之 （5）印刷是活的—— 更互用之 （6）拆法是活的——以手拂之,其印自落

Country music (sometimes called Country & Western) is a form of music that has been enjoyed by people all over the United States for decades. Famous singers from this genre include Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline, the Judds, Dolly Parton, Glen Campbell, George Jones and Tammy Wynette, Kenny Rogers, Loretta Lynn, Randy Travis, Tanya Tucker, Willie Nelson, Reba McEntire, Garth Brooks and Toby Keith.Country music"s strongest appeal is with American rural and small-town populations, but many American cities have a large audience. The music also has listeners in Canada, in Liverpool, England, and other places worldwide. The popularity of Country comes and goes with each decade. Sometimes a new movie (like Midnight Cowboy or Urban Cowboy), hit record (like "She Believes In Me" by Kenny Rogers), or new performer (like Randy Travis in the 1980s) raises new interest.Country music has its roots and beginnings in folk music. The old cowboy and pioneer songs of the American frontier were popular in the early twentieth century, and so were arrangements of pop music songs by rural (or rural-sounding) performers. Country musicians also adapted new musical instruments, like the Hawaiian steel guitar.Modern-day Country music started in the years after World War II. The Sons of the Pioneers and The Carter Family performed old and new songs, in a way that reminded people of singalongs and jamborees of the past. Hank Williams is often called the first songwriter of Country music. His songs were easy to learn and remember, and their lyrics said things felt by many people. His music is still performed today. Some of the early rock and roll musicians, like Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Elvis Presley, began as Country performers.Nashville, Tennessee became the center of Country music, much like New Orleans became the center of Jazz. The Grand Ole Opry broadcast performances by The Carter Family and others, and became an important breaking ground in Country music. A television series, Hee-Haw, was a long-running showcase for Country performers, and was hosted by musicians Buck Owens and Roy Clark. When cable television became popular in the United States, The Nashville Network (TNN) and Country Music Television (CMT) brought Country music videos and related programming to nationwide audiences. (In later years, as interests changed, TNN changed its programming. It also changed names, first to "The National Network", then to Spike TV, which is its name today.)

人们常说到两种色调：暖色系和冷色系。科学家认为人也分两种：喜欢暖色的人和喜欢冷色的人。冷色系有红色，橘红，黄色。当处在一个暖色系并且灯光闪亮的地方，人们通常会比较活跃。人们认为红色象征着热情的人，他们与他人相处时如同红色一样热情。冷色系有绿色，蓝色和紫色。这些颜色不像暖色系的颜色，它们使人放松。当处于一个冷色系的环境，人们通常会很安静。喜欢独自待着的人通常比较喜欢蓝色。红色似乎是热情的，但是一位科学家称暖色系的房间里的时间给人感觉比冷色系的房间里的时间过的慢。他建议暖色如用红色或橘红色来装饰客厅或者饭馆是不错的选择。人们在休闲或吃饭的时候并不喜欢时间过的太快。冷色系更适用于办公室或者工厂，在那里人们都希望时间过得快些。科学家不知道为什么人们觉得一些颜色是暖色，而另外一些是冷色。但是，几乎每个人都认为暖色会使人想起温暖的时光，冷色令人想起寒凉的时光。因为在北方的冬天，太阳都比较低，阳光显的特别蓝。因为太阳在夏天会变高，夏天炽热的阳光通常是黄色。这是我自己翻译的。希望有帮助~

会的，网站导出链接太多，没有加上nofollow会让搜索引擎认为网站是不可以信任的，还有就是网站导出链接太多会导致网站的排名很久都上不去，但是像你上面说的每篇文章都有导出，没有就加上nofollow，这样的网站就不用去优化了，优化都上不去。浪费时间和精力。

选择插件中的wp-pagenavi/core.php文件，搜索class="$class"，在其前面加上rel="nofollow"。 注意rel="nofollow"、与class="$class"之间有空格哦。如果是用的EditPlus等编辑器修改的文件，需保持为UTF-8编码，如果是WP后台直接修改的插件代码，则不需要。

23岁的迈克尔·菲尔普斯已经成为泳坛神话.在2008年的夏季奥运会上,他独得八金.这比整个澳大利亚代表团（赢得的金牌数）都多.他打破了马克·施皮茨在1972年创造的一届奥运会游泳项目独得七金的纪录.菲尔普斯还打破了七项世界纪录.9天,17场比赛,他从早到晚就是比赛、胜利、比赛、胜利……他必须击败过去的世界纪录保持者以及金牌获得者.他必须将他们的胜利打落尘埃.迈克尔·菲尔普斯5岁起开始游泳.猜一猜刚开始他练什么泳姿?是仰泳.这是因为他不愿意将脸埋在水中.到7岁的时候,他已经参见了多项游泳比赛了.11岁时,他遇到了鲍勃·鲍曼,后者看出了菲尔普斯不凡的天赋.菲尔普斯是如何变得如此杰出的呢?因为他生就了一副游泳运动员的好皮囊.他身高1米87,臂展宽阔.他知道如何充分利用自己的身材优势.他的手掌和脚掌就像水中的桨,他的腿部力量也很强劲.但还不止于此；他还有对胜利的憧憬和渴求.他觉得只要你执意去做,那么没有什么不可能的.游泳便是菲尔普斯的人生.每天他在泳池中训练5个小时,游泳的距离大约11公里.他从不缺席训练.这是一位清楚了解自己要些什么的年轻人.“假如我游不出最佳水平,我会在上学的时候想这个事儿、在吃饭的时候想这个事儿、跟朋友在一块儿时也想这个事儿.这会让我疯掉的.”他说.“人生无极限.你的梦想越大,你的成就就会越大.”

Distinguished leadership: hello! First of all thank you for years to my concern and care, thank you for your busy schedule to review my adjustable duty application!

Chitosan, lot #740026, was obtained as a 60 mesh powder from Pronova Biopolymer (Raymond, WA). This batch was a crab-based chitosan with a claimed viscosity of 1,000 mPas. The following chemicals were all obtained and used as reagent grade from either Sigma Chemical Co. or Aldrich: glacial acetic acid, sodium hydroxide pellets, ethanol, potassium hydroxide flakes, ammonium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide powder, trisodium orthophosphate powder, and sodium bicarbonate powder. Chitosan Characterization Degree of Deacetylation The degree of deacetylation (DA) of the chitosan was verified using a method of ultraviolet spectrophotometry as developed by Muzzarelli et al.7 The main absorbance occurred in the range of 200–204 nm, and the DA value was found to be 84.9