challenge可数吗面对挑战是可数吗

挑战（复数）

today we are facing with various kinds of challenges， either from the outside or from the insdide。 challenges are there waiting for people to cope with。and people love to face challenges。because challenges make our life more interesting and changeable instead of boring。a challenge is what we can not solve easily without trying very hard。 also challenges let people try hard to face what they do not want to face。it is a process of self-improving and self-realizing。the key to face challenges is face ourselves。the very thing people have to conquer is ourselves。 without challenges our society can not move on

个人感觉不一样，原因是face这词（facing).和(faced),觉得ing是即将面对的/将要面对的、、的挑战，而faced则是正摆在你面前、、的挑战。 只是个人意见。

challenges挑战双语对照词典结果：challengesn.挑战( challenge的名词复数 ); 要求; （警卫等）查问口令; 怀疑; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.India has faced challenges on other fronts. 印度在其它方面也面临挑战。-----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问！满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮

challenges 这里的结构是one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数,意思是最……之一,所以用challenge的复数challenges.

看上下文eg.Why you always challenge me?一而再再而三挑战我底线？

challenges生词本去背诵[ˈtʃælindʒz]n.挑战( challenge的名词复数 )； 要求； （警卫等）查问口令； 怀疑网 络面临的挑战；方面的挑战；考验；挑战方面. The secret to happiness is to keep setting yourself new challenges. 幸福的秘诀就是要不停地给自己设定新的挑战。

“challenges remaining”挑战继续，有点类似，接着来的意思。

文法上没有问题，但是表达意思有点不妥：challenges 它们不会自己找上门， 所以 “challenges confronting organizations” 这个说法不太通。可以考虑下面的表达方式：1. 。。。。。inspire more imaginative responses when facing challenges (或者 when their organisations are faced with challenges).2. .......inspire more imaginative responses when encountering problems/crisis (或者 when their organisations encounter problems/crises).用 facing、faced with 这些来 连接 challenges/problems/crises 等等会更能表达意思。希望帮到你。

你好!challenges，and opportunities挑战和机遇

lying ahead为 宾语补足语。宾语challenges用来修饰challenges的位于前方的 的意思翻译成中文可省略嘛

本句中 annoying 是形容词作定语修饰challenges 。facing the middle class是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰the annoying challenges。其逻辑主语就是前面的名词challenges。即challenges face the middle class。可以理解成“面对着 中产阶级 的 挑战”.翻译时可以倒过来，即”中产阶级面对的挑战”本句是倒装句among介词短语是表语。 is 是系动词。one 是主语，后面是定语从句。其中that 代替先行词作定从中的主语，will probably go 是定从中的系动词unmentioned 是定从中的表语in the next presidential campaign是定从中的状语。引号后面是说明one的句子: （中产阶级面临的恼人挑战之一：当机器要抢占他们的工作时，会发生什么？而这个问题在下届总统竞选时很可能被忽略。）

ChallengeWith the fast development of the world, we will face more and more challenges. Challenge means not only hardship, but also opportunity. Since we are young people and have glorious future before us, we should not be afraid of challenge. Challenge can inspire our creative power and lead us to success. The most important thing is to deal with challenge properly.First, we must get ready for challenge at any time, because it comes all of a sudden. Second, you should be courageous enough to face up to it. No pains, no gains. Only through hard work can we achieve success. Finally, make sure that we have adequate knowledge to help us deal with challenge. As for me, I have my own ways to deal with challenge, I"m always trying to challenge myself and conquer myself. Only by means of this can I achieve my ambitious goal.

Challenging

1、因为挑战才是他的人生啊！ Because the challenge is his life! 2、给我静默，我将向黑夜挑战。 Give me silence, I will challenge the night. 3、要实现梦想，就要向现实挑战！ To achieve dreams, will challenge the reality! 4、不要挑战我，我担心你的安危。 Don"t challenge me, and I worry about your safety. 5、人生需要挑战，年轻没有极限。 Life need to challenge, young no limit. 6、要让梦想实现，就要向现实挑战。 We have to let the dream come true to reality challenge. 7、燃烧**，挑战极限，超越自我。 Burning passion, challenge the limit, beyond the self. 8、成长的第一步充满挑战，需要勇气。 The first step in the growth is full of challenges, need courage. 9、带上曾经的遗憾，向未来发起挑战。 Take once regret, to challenge for the future. 10、生命的有些时候，你必须去挑战伟大。 Life sometimes, you must go to the great challenges. 11、男人总是独自战斗，总是在挑战自己。 Men always fight alone, always challenge yourself. 12、人生这么长，不多点挑战怎么能行呢？ Life is so long, no more challenge how can do? 13、挑战和创造都是很痛苦的，但是很充实。 Challenge and creation is very painful, but very substantial. 14、我认为，只要提高自我就应该挑战极限。 I think, as long as improving yourself should challenge the limit. 15、一个人，想要优秀，你必须要接受挑战。 A person, want to good, you have to accept the challenge. 16、站在新起点，迎接新挑战，创造新成绩。 Standing at a new starting point, to meet new challenges, create new achievements. 17、挑战，不一定成功，但放弃，就定会失败。 Challenge, not necessarily successful, but to give up, you will fail. 18、激发潜能，超越自我，追求梦想，挑战人生。 To inspire potential, to surpass ourselves and to pursue their dreams, the challenges in life. 19、挑战文字，挑在感想；挑战数量，挑战极限！ Challenges of text, pick the feeling; Number of challenges, challenge the limit! 20、你们可以挑战我，但我已经准备好了嘲笑你们！ You can challenge me, but I"m ready to laugh at you! 21、别向不幸屈服，应该更大胆、更积极地向不幸挑战。 Don"t yield to misfortune. Should be bolder, more actively challenge to misfortune. 22、如果你今天不挑战自己，那么明天生活就要挑战你。 If you don"t challenge yourself today, then tomorrow life will challenge you. 23、想要成功就要迎接挑战，想要尽快成功就要寻找挑战。 Want to succeed must meet the challenge, to be successful as soon as possible to find a challenge. 24、不要回避苦恼和困难，挺起身来向它挑战，进而克服它。 Don"t shy away from pain and difficulty, stand to it challenges, and overcome it. 25、智力对外在的挑战是精明的，智慧通过你内在的挑战升起。 The external challenge is smart, intelligence wisdom rises through your inner challenge. 26、所谓活着的人，就是不断挑战的人，不断攀登命运峻峰的人。 A living, is constantly challenging, constantly climbing fate topped peaks. 27、最大的挑战和突破在于用人，而用人最大的突破在于信任人。 Is the biggest challenge and breakthrough of choose and employ persons, but the biggest breakthrough of choose and employ persons is to trust people. 28、你不挑战命运，命运就会挑战你，这就是命运最残忍的地方。 You don"t challenge fate, fate will challenge you, this is the place where the most cruel fate. 29、要抓住一切机会，向所有人证明你自己，证明你能够迎接挑战。 Should seize every opportunity to prove to everyone that you, prove that you are able to meet the challenge. 30、人生就是一场充满荆棘的挑战，那么，时间就是这场挑战的见证者。 Life is a challenge of thorns, so, time is the witness of the challenge. 31、充满挑战的生活才是真正的生活，挑战的过程是人生最精彩的部分。 The challenging life is the true life, challenge the process is the best part of life. 32、人生最大的挑战，就是在一个试图将你定型的世界里，诚实的做自己。 The biggest challenge in life, in an attempt to you finalize the design world, honest to be you. 33、你可以厌恶争斗，但这绝不能成为你放弃挑战自己，挑战命运的理由。 You can hate fighting, but this can"t be you give up to challenge yourself, challenge the fate of the reasons. 34、要想超越自己的极限，就得挑战自己，要想挑战自己，就得看透自己。 If you want to go beyond your limits, you have to challenge yourself, if you want to challenge myself, have to see through yourself. 35、做自己做不到的事，才叫挑战，超过自己能力之外的挑战，就叫刺激。 Do what you cannot do is challenge, more than challenge my ability, is called stimulus. 36、挑战勇气，挑战极限，挑战一切可以挑战的人和事。这是人生的豪迈。 Challenge the courage to challenge the limit, all can challenge the persons and things that challenge. This is a bold in life. 37、人要有专注的东西，人一辈子走下去挑战会更多，你天天换，我就怕了你。 People have focused on something, people go for a lifetime there will be more challenges, you change every day, I was afraid of you. 38、一个人要想优秀，必须要接受挑战，一个人要想尽快优秀，就要去寻找挑战。 A person to be good, must accept the challenge, a person to be good as soon as possible, go to look for challenges. 39、生活充满挑战。只要我们能够平静接受挑战，战胜挑战，我们就不会被吓倒。 Life is full of challenges. As long as we can calm accept the challenge and overcome challenges, we will not be intimidated. 40、有人向我挑战，说“你放马过来”我不回话，只是疾驰而去，然后马后炮打倒他。 Someone to challenge me, said, "you release your horse and come," I don"t answer, to go to gallop only, then the doctor to overthrow him. 41、人生如不去大胆地冒险，便一无所获。是的，如果你从不接受挑战，就感受不到胜利的刺激。 Life is like not to bold adventure, then nothing. Yes, if you never accept the challenge, you feel the stimulation of victory. 42、生活中充满各种未知，我们需要一步一步探索，一步一步挑战，一步一步前进，一步一步战胜。 Life is filled with all sorts of unknown, we need to explore, step by step, step by step the challenge, step by step forward, step by step over.

个人感觉不一样,原因是face这词（facing).和(faced),觉得ing是即将面对的/将要面对的、、的挑战,而faced则是正摆在你面前、、的挑战.只是个人意见.

挑战

可数 He has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job. 他承担这项工作,接受了一些令人兴奋的新挑战.

Challenges and Opportunities for college students Life is full of challenges.School has to be the most challenging obstacle in the lives of youth today. Elementary school brings about a few challenges characteristic of those years spent there.There"s the challenge of coloring in the lines,a very real problem to any youngster.Or how about the challenge of remembering to raise one"s hand before one speaks?There are hundreds of rules and regulations that govern these young children.The one thing that keeps these children in line is the hope of reward.Yes ,this is the brass ring.The reward for a clean desk is an extra five minutes of recess!The prize for having all homework done,a shiny-new pencil topper!These small wonders keep small people in line.They make the children love challenge. Middle schoolis not so easy.It is not easy for the students,and it also isn"t easy for the teachers.The challenge of staying out of trouble,or wrinting that research paper---these are the new confrontations of an older,wiser guoup.This clan has outgrown the recess and pencil-topper tricks.They know that their efforts have to bring them something really usefull,so mom and pop are pulled onto the scene.How does five,ten dollars for each “A” sound?Or ,how about no telephone if one doesn"t do good in school?Need I say more? By the time high school arrives,a student"s place in academic excellence or else their unlikelihood to even graduate has been established.Little can be done now to make life"s challenges seem interesting ,especially where school comes in.The slothful are rewarded with a nice job at a gas station,a pregnant girlfriend,and a fifteen-year-old Ford.The diligent are rewarded with an SAT score of over 1100,acceptance into Yale University,and a ticket to life.By meeting the challenges of school,sicking it out,and pulling through,they are given their greatest reward:success.

Challenges and Opportunities for college students Life is full of challenges. School has to be the most challenging obstacle in the lives of youth today. Elementary school brings about a few challenges characteristic of those years spent there. There"s the challenge of coloring in the lines, a very real problem to any youngster. Or how about the challenge of remembering to raise one"s hand before one speaks? There are hundreds of rules and regulations that govern these young children. The one thing that keeps these children in line is the hope of reward. Yes ,this is the brass ring. The reward for a clean desk is an extra five minutes of recess! The prize for having all homework done, a shiny-new pencil topper! These small wonders keep small people in line. They make the children love challenge. Middle schoolis not so easy. It is not easy for the students, and it also isn"t easy for the teachers. The challenge of staying out of trouble,or wrinting that research paper---these are the new confrontations of an older, wiser guoup. This clan has outgrown the recess and pencil-topper tricks. They know that their efforts have to bring them something really usefull, so mom and pop are pulled onto the scene. How does five, ten dollars for each “A” sound? Or ,how about no telephone if one doesn"t do good in school? Need I say more? By the time high school arrives, a student"s place in academic excellence or else their unlikelihood to even graduate has been established. Little can be done now to make life"s challenges seem interesting ,especially where school comes in. The slothful are rewarded with a nice job at a gas station, a pregnant girlfriend, and a fifteen-year-old Ford. The diligent are rewarded with an SAT score of over 1100, acceptance into Yale University,and a ticket to life. By meeting the challenges of school, sicking it out, and pulling through, they are given their greatest reward: success.

Good morning /afternoon /evening, ladies and gentlemen, sorry, ”boys and girls” may be better .It"s really a challenge for me to stand here today and you can see that clearly from my trembling voice .So there is no doubt that giving a speech fluently is a bigger challenge for me, who used to be a shy boy during my past 20 years.Today I choose to face it, because I know this is just the beginning of my challenging college life .Many challenges are still waiting for me ahead .As a freshman, I have already feel the pressure from studying .Classmates and friends around me study hard just like our past senior middle school period . The dreamy college life is still in my dream. We have to admit that more students are gaining access to college with the help of expanded enrollment, but we can not fail to see the fact that the competition is much fiercer than before .Besides, the competitive world today has also brought the “Knowledge Economy”, which requires the effective use of knowledge for economic and social development, and also requires skilled and multi-oriented students with a marketable vocational sense.But when we consider the problem in another point of view, we will find many opportunities for us college students. When a multitude of young men ,keen , open-hearted, sympathetic, and observant, come together and freely mix with each other, they are sure to learn one from another; the conversation of all is a series of lectures to each, and they gain for themselves new ideas and views, fresh matter of thought. In addition, the growing dimension of knowledge sources, such as the World Wide Web, library and multimedia sources provide us with opportunities for bringing out the creativity and talent that we have within us.Ladies and gentlemen, as Charles Dickens once commented upon the time of the French Revolution, "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times." So it is with our time. I believe, if we can make full use of the opportunities and deal with the challenges correctly, we will make it sooner or later. Thank you!

meet 动词. 满足，迎接，遇见，相遇

(1) What are the most challenges that could be identified? (2) correct (3) Among the human relationship skills, what should managers possess? (4) What"s the difference at various management levels needed for conceptual skills? (5) What do the decision-making skills include? (6) correct (7) correct What are the most challenges could be identified？challenges谓语为复数 Which managers think that technical skills are especially important?也许有引导词that就可以通过 Among the human relations skills, what skills managers should possess? What are the differences at various management levels need for conceptual skills?复数 What do the decision-making skills include?正确 How to manage time effectively?正确 What"s the purpose of having these skills?正确

超越的挑战吧。

peace实际上是found的宾语，正常的语序是Jenny found peace in music...后面用a，表示：一个充满挑战的世界

meet是“见、碰到”的意思,和主语是主动关系,所以在这句话中可以引申为“接受”的意思

My view on challenge There is no consensus of opions among people as to the view of challenge.Some one believe that challenges make people who face it to be more diligence while some other people think that challenges in ever increasing number in our society make our lifstyle to a hurry way fulling of stress.As far as I am concerned,I agree with the former opinion.Though people live in the 21 century have to endeavor to studying and working to keep pace with the society in which new challenges waving out everyday,on the other hand,people earn more convinient and flourish life than ever before by consider these challenges as opportunities to make change.In practice,challenge means more positive,more durable and morre brave for failure.We can reform our mind and life by facing challenge in good ways.It will at least motivate us not to be lazy but be in a standby status everyday.

rapid advance 快速推进。是不是应该把facing放到后面一点啊One of the biggest challenges employers and educators facing today is the rapid advance of globalizan.这样的话是因为employers and educators 和face之间是主动关系，用ing形式。全球化的快速推进是老板和教育家如今面临的最大的挑战之一。

Nowadays,learning English is more important.So we should learn English well.I have some challenges inEnglish studying.First,I feel that English is bring and not interesting.And my English is not good.How can I learn English well? I think that I should read more interesting English stories and English newspapers.Listening to some English programmes on the radio every day is also a good choice.Now I am listening to some English programmes on the radio every day.It is helpful for me to learn English well. Second,I find it difficult for me to learn English grammar well.Because they are too much and too complicated.But now I have a good idea to solve the problem.Listening to the teacher carefully what he said is necessary and very important.You can learn so much konwledge from your English teacher!If you really want to learn English well,the challenges can be solved by yourself.Go ahead!

16选一数据选择器型号有很多。数据选择器(dataselector)根据给定的输入地址代码，从一组输入信号中选出指定的一个送至输出端的组合逻辑电路。有时也把它叫做多路选择器或多路调制器(multiplexer)。

秋天的雨，淅淅沥沥下在大地上摇摆着，风情万种，似柔婉的少女。雨丝似针尖，如牛毛，一丝丝打在秋菊层层的花瓣上。一片片细细的花瓣上挂满了水珠，顺着花瓣流到花蕊中。渐渐形成一个晶莹的小水池。忽然，一阵寒风吹来，把小水池吹皱了，泛起了波纹，有时晃得大一点，会有水珠从花瓣上落下，像一颗珍珠，落在大地上。秋雨过后，我喜欢看被雨淋湿的芒草。远远望去，芒草被寒冷的秋风吹倒了，但还未倒下。白色的芒草摇曳着，水从上面落下，恰似为秋落下的眼泪。啊，秋之雨！你是一位少女，洒下露水，你是一个精灵，赋予秋无尽的魅力！

首先我解释一下jQueryjQuery有一个用来作为DOM快速载入javascript的得心应手的小函数，那就是ready…他在页面加载完成之前执行。为什么不用window.onload()，因为window.onload函数执行的时候，要说明所有东西已经载入，包括图像和横幅等等。要知道较大的图片下载速度会比较慢，因此用户必须等待大图片下载完毕才能看到window.onload()执行的代码效果，这样就花费了很长的等待时间，这不是我们想要的。但是$(document).ready(fn):当DOM载入就绪可以查询及操纵时绑定一个要执行的函数。这是事件模块中最重要的一个函数，因为它可以极大地提高web应用程序的响应速度。简单地说，这个方法纯粹是对向window.load事件注册事件的替代方法。通过使用这个方法，可以在DOM载入就绪能够读取并操纵时立即调用你所绑定的函数.$(document).ready(function(){//你的代码});$(document)意思是说，获取整个网页文档对象（类似的于window.document），$(document).ready意思就是说，获取文档对象就绪的时候。上面这段代码的意思是检查文档对象直到它能够允许被操作（译者注：这样做比window.onload()函数要快的多，因为只要文档对象载入完成就能够执行代码了，而不需要等待页面中的图片下载是否已经完成）---这是我们想要的。

今天中午受到了老师的批评，炽热的太阳发着刺眼且毒辣辣的白光，树上的蝉儿烦躁地声嘶力竭地鸣叫着，就像是在催命，小草耷拉着脑袋，无精打采地立在路边，大树也绿得格外耀眼，弄得我心烦意乱。几只麻雀正叽叽喳喳地叫着，那声音跟乌鸦没什么两样，又像是在嘲笑我的无能 。 花儿也在左右摆动， 仿佛在对我摇头；一群蝴蝶围着花儿飞着，好像十分赞同花儿的想法。瞧，蜜蜂也在花儿旁转了起来，它也支持花儿哩几朵白云不死不活地游荡在天上，比乌云还要令人心烦。……一切都像在跟我作对。

烧毁，烧水，烧砖，烧蓝。

A:Actuator 执行器 A:Amplifier 放大器 A:Attendance员工考勤 A:Attenuation衰减 AA:Antenna amplifier 开线放大器 AA:Architectural Acoustics建筑声学 AC:Analogue Controller 模拟控制器 ACD:Automatic Call Distribution 自动分配话务 ACS:Access Control System出入控制系统 AD:Addressable Detector地址探测器 ADM:Add/Drop Multiplexer分插复用器 ADPCM:Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation 自适应差分脉冲编码调制 AF:Acoustic Feedback 声反馈 AFR:Amplitude /Frequency Response 幅频响应 AGC:Automati Gain Control自动增益控制 AHU:Air Handling Unit 空气处理机组 A-I:Auto-iris自动光圈 AIS:Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号 AITS:Acknowledged Information Transfer Service确认操作 ALC:Automati Level Control 自动平衡控制 ALS:Alarm Seconds 告警秒 ALU:Analogue Lines Unit 模拟用户线单元 AM:Administration Module管理模块 AN:Access Network 接入网 ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会 APS:Automatic Protectiontching 自动保护倒换 ASC:Automati Slope Control 自动斜率控制 ATH:Analogue Trunk Unit 模拟中继单元 ATM：Asynchrous Transfer Mode 异步传送方式 AU- PPJE:AU Pointer Positive Justification 管理单元正指针调整 AU:Administration Unit 管理单元 AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU告警指示信号 AUG:Administration Unit Group 管理单元组 AU-LOP:Loss of Administrative Unit Pointer AU指针丢失 AU-NPJE:AU Pointer Negative Justification管理单元负指针调整 AUP:Administration Unit Pointer管理单元指针 AVCD:Auchio &Video Control Device 音像控制装置 AWG:American Wire Gauge美国线缆规格 BA:Bridge Amplifier桥接放大器 TOP BAC:Building Automation & Control net建筑物自动化和控制网络 BAM:Background Administration Module后管理模块 BBER:Background Block Error Ratio背景块误码比 BCC:B-channel Connect ControlB通路连接控制 BD:Building Distributor BEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities 建筑物入口设施 BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector大口式光纤连接器 BGN:Background Noise背景噪声 BGS: Background Sound 背景音响 BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code 比特间插奇偶校验N位码 B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网 B-ISDN:Broad band -Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网 BMC:Burst Mode Controller 突发模式控制器 BMS:Building Management System 智能建筑管理系统 BRI:Basic Rate ISDN 基本速率的综合业务数字网 BS:Base Station基站 BSC:Base Station Controller基站控制器 BUL：Back up lighting备用照明 C/S: Client/Server客户机/服务器 TOP C:Combines 混合器 C:Container 容器 CA:Call Accounting电话自动计费系统 CATV:Cable Television 有线电视 CC:Call Control 呼叫控制 CC:Coax cable 同轴电缆 CCD:Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件 CCF:Cluster Contril Function 簇控制功能 CD:Campus Distributor 建筑群配线架 CD:Combination detector 感温，感烟复合探测器 CDCA:Continuous Dynamic Channel Assign 连续的动态信道分配 CDDI:Copper Distributed Data 合同缆分布式数据接口 CDES:Carbon dioxide extinguisbing system 二氧化碳系统 CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access 码分多址 CF:Core Function 核心功能 CFM:Compounded Frequency Modulation 压扩调频繁 CIS:Call Information System 呼叫信息系统 CISPR:Internation Special Conmittee On Radio Interference 国际无线电干扰专门委员会 CLNP:Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接模式网络层协议 CLP:Cell Loss Priority信元丢失优先权 CM:Communication Module 通信模块 CM:Configuration Management 配置管理 CM:Cross-connect Matrix交叉连接矩阵 CMI:Coded Mark Inversion传号反转码 CMISE:Common Management Information Service公用管理信息协议服务单元 CPE:Convergence protocol entity 会聚协议实体 CR/E:card reader /Encoder (Ticket reader )卡读写器/编码器 CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗佘校验 CRT:Cathode Ray Tabe 显示器，监视器，阴极射线管 CS: Convergence service 会聚服务 CS:Cableron Spectrum 旧纳档块化技术 CS:Ceiling Screen 挡烟垂壁 CS:Convergence Sublayer合聚子层 CSC:Combined Speaker Cabinet 组合音响 CSCW:Computer supported collaborative work 计算机支持的协同工作 CSES:Continuius Severely Errored Second 连续严重误码秒 CSF:Cell Site Function 单基站功能控制 CTB:Composite Triple Beat 复合三价差拍 CTD：Cable Thermal Detector 缆式线型感温探测器 CTNR:carrier to noise ratio 载波比 CW:Control Word 控制字 D:Directional 指向性 TOP D:Distortion 失真度 D:Distributive 分布式 DA:Distribution Amplifier 分配的大器 DBA:Database Administrator数据库管理者 DBCSN:Database Control System Nucleus数据库控制系统核心 DBOS:Database Organizing System 数据库组织系统 DBSS:Database Security System 数据库安全系统 DC:Door Contacts大门传感器 DCC:Digital Communication Channel数字通信通路 DCN:Data Communication Network 数据通信网 DCP-I:Distributed Control Panel -Intelligent智能型分散控制器 DCS:Distributed Control System集散型控制系统 DDN:Digital Data Network 数字数据网 DDS:Direct Dignital Controller直接数字控制器 DDW:Data Describing Word 数据描述字 DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication增强数字无绳通讯 DFB:Distributed Feedback 分布反馈 DID:Direct Inward Dialing 直接中继方式，呼入直拨到分机用户 DLC:Data Link Control Layer 数据链路层 DLI:DECT Line Interface DODI:Direct Outward Dialing One 一次拨号音 DPH:DECT Phone DRC:Directional Response Cahracteristics 指向性响应 DS:Direct Sound 直正声 DSP:Digital signal Processing 数字信号处理 DSS：Deiision Support System 决策支持系统 DTMF:Dual Tone Multi-Frequency 双音多频 DTS:Dual -Technology Sensor 双鉴传感器 DWDM:Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用 DXC:Digital Cross-Connect 数字交叉连接E:Emergency lighting照明设备 TOP E:Equalizer 均衡器 E:Expander 扩展器 EA-DFB:Electricity Absorb-Distributed Feedback 电吸收分布反馈 ECC:Embedded Control Channel 嵌入或控制通道 EDFA:Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier掺饵光纤放大器 EDI:Electronic Data Interexchange 电子数据交换 EIC:Electrical Impedance Characteristics 电阻抗特性 EMC：Electro Magnetic Compatibiloty 电磁兼容性 EMI:Electro Magnetic Interference 电磁干扰 EMS:Electromagnetic Sensitibility 电磁敏感性 EN:Equivalent Noise 等效噪声 EP:Emergency Power 应急电源 ES:Emergency Sooket 应急插座 ES:Evacuation Sigvial疏散照明 ESA:Error SecondA 误码秒类型A ESB:ErrorSecondB 误码秒类型B ESD:Electrostatic Discharge静电放电 ESR:Errored Second Ratio 误码秒比率 ETDM:Electrical Time Division Multiplexing电时分复用 ETSI:European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准协会 F:Filter 滤波器 TOP FAB:Fire Alarm Bell 火警警铃 FACU:Fire Alarm Contrlol Unit 火灾自动报警控制装置 FC:Failure Count 失效次数 FC:Frequency Converter 频率变换器 FCC:Fire Alarm System 火灾报警系统 FCS:Field Control System 现场总线 FCU：Favn Coil Unit风机盘管 FD:Fire Door 防火门 FD:Flame Detector 火焰探测器 FD:Floor Distributor FD:Frequency Dirsder 分频器 FDD:Frequency Division Dual 频分 双工 FDDI：Fiberdistributed Data Interface光纤缆分布式数据接口。 FDDIF:Fiber Distributed Data Inferface光缆分布数据接口 FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access频分多址 FE:Fire Extirguisher 消防电梯 FEBE:Far End Block Error远端块误码 FEXT:Far End Crosstalk 远端串扰 FFES:Foam Fire Extionuishing System泡沫灭火系统 FH:Fire hydrant 消火栓 FI:Fee Indicator 费用显示器 FL:Focal Length 焦距 FL:Fuzzy Logic 模糊逻辑 FM:Faiilt Management失效管理 FPA:Fire Public Address 火灾事故广播 FPD:Fire Public Derice 消防设施 FR:Frequency Response 频响 FRD:Fire Resis tamt Damper 防火阀 FRS:fire resistant shutter 防火卷帘 FSK:Frequency Shift Keying移频键控 FSU:Fixed Subscriber Unit单用户固定台 FTHD:Fixed temperatute Heat Detector 定温控测器 FTP:Foil Tnisted Pair金属箔双绞电缆 FTTB:Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼 FTTC:Fiber To The Curb光纤到路边 FTTH:Fiber To The Home 光纤到家庭 FW:fire Wall 防火墙 FWHM:Full Width Half Maximum 脉冲的半高宽度PACR：Attonuation to Crosstalk Ratio 衰减与串扰比 GAP:Gaussian (filtered)Frequency Shift Keying 高斯滤波频移键控 TOP GBS:Glass Break Sensors 玻璃破碎传感器 GC:Generic Cabling 综合布线 GIB:Generic Information Block 通用信息模块 GNE:Gateway Network Element网关 GSM:Global System for Mobile communications全球移动通信系统 H:Hybrid 混合式 TOP HCBS:High C Bus Servers Unit 高速C总线服务单元 HCS:Higher order Connection Supervision高阶连接监视 HD：Heat Detecter 感温探测器 HDB3:High Density Bipolar of order 3code 高密度双极性码 HDLC:High Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制 HDLC:High Digital Link Control 高级数据链路控制 HDSL:High-bit -rate Digital Subscriber Link 高比特数字用户链路 HDTV:High Definition Television 高清淅度电视 HEC:Header Ervor Control:信头差错控制域 HEMS:High -level Entity Management system高级实体管理系统 HFC:Hybrid fiber coax 光纤-同轴电缆混合系统 HGRP:Home Optical Network 华为公司专用协议 HIFI:High Fidelity 高保真度 HIPPI:High Performance Parrallel Interface高性能并行接口 HMP:Host monitoring protocol 宿主机监视协议 HOA:High Order Assembler高阶组装器 HOAPID:High Order Path Access Point Identifier高阶通道接入不敷出点标识符 HOI:High Order Interface高阶接口 HONET:Home Optical Network 华为综合业务接入网商标 HO-TCM:High Order Tandem Connection Monitor高阶通道串联连接监控 HOVC:High Order Virtual Container 虚容器 HPA:High order path Adaptation高阶适配 HPC:High order path Connection高阶通道连接 HPOM:High -order Path Overhead Monitor高阶通道开销监视器 HPP:High -order path Protection高阶通道保护 HP-RDI:Higher order path -Remote Defect Indication高阶通道接收缺陷指示 HP-REI:Higher order Path-Remote ErrorIndication高阶通道远端错误指示 HPT:High order path Termination高阶通道终端 HRDS:Hypothetical Reference Digital Section假设参考数字段 HSUT:High -order path Supervision Unequipped Termination高阶通道监控未装装载终 HVAC:Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning暖通空调 HWS:Hot Water Supply热水供应系统I:Interference 串扰 TOP IA:Intruder Alarm防盗报警 ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol控制信息协议 IDC:Insucation Displacement Connection绝缘层信移连接件 IDS:Industrial Distribution System 工业布线系统 IFC:Intelligent Fire Controller 照明智能控制器 ILD:Inject Light Diode 注入式激光二极管 IM:Impedance Matching 阻抗匹配 IMA:Interactive Multimedia Association交互式多媒体协议 IM-DM:Intensity Modulation-Direction Modulation直接强度调制 IN:Information Network 信息网 IO：Information Outlet信息插座 IOS:Intelligent Out Station 智能外围站 IPEI:International Portable国际移动设备标识号 IPTU:Indoor Pan &Tilt Unit 室内水平俯仰云台 IPUI:International Portable User Identity国际移动用户标识号 ISD:Ionization Smoke Detector 离子感烟探测器 IT:Information Technology 信息技术 ITU:International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟 ITU-T:原名CCITT，是国际电信联盟的一个委员会 ITV:Interactive Tevevision 交互式电视 JIT-Discussion conference system 即席发言系统 L:Lens摄像机镜头 TOP LAN:Local Area Network 局域网 LAPB：Link Access Procedure-Balanced 链路接入规程----平衡 LAPD:Link Access Procedure D-channel D信道链路访问协议 LCD:Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏 LCL:Longituchinal Conrorsion Loss纵模变换损耗 LCN:Local Communication Network 本地通信网 LCS:Lower order Connection Supervision低阶连接监视 LD:Laser Diode激发二极管 LE:Local Exchange本地交换网 LED:Light Emittirng Diode发光二极管 LIU：Lightguide Interconnection Unit光纤互连装置 LLC:Logic Link Control Layer逻辑链路控制层 LLME:Low Layer Management Entity低层管理实体 LM:Lerel Modulation电平调节 LNA:Low Noise Amplifier低噪音放大器 LOF:Loss Of Frame 帧丢失 LOI:Low Order Interface低阶接口 LOP:Loss Of Pointer 指针丢失 LOS:Loss Of Signal 信号丢失 LO-TCM:Low Order Tandem Connection Monitor低阶通道串联连接监视器 LOVC:Low Order Virtual Container 低阶虚容器 LPA:Lower order qath Adaptation低阶通道适配 LPC:Lower order Path Connection低阶通道连接 LPOM:Low-order Path Overhead Monitor低阶通道开销监视器 LPP:Low-order Path Protection 低阶通道保护 LPT:Lower order Path Termination低阶通道终端 LSBCM:Laser Base Current Monitor激光器偏流监视 LSUT:Low -order path Supervision Unequipped 低阶通道监控未装载终端 LTC:Londline Trunk Coutroller有线线路分配器 LU:Line Unit 线路单元 MAC:Medium Access Control Layer 介质访问控制层 TOP MBMC:Multiple Burst Mode Controller 多突发模式控制器 MCF:Message Communication Function消息通信功能 MD:Mediation Device中介设备 MFPB:Multi-Frequency Press Button多频按键 MIB:Management Information Base 管理信息库 MIC：Mediu Interface Connector 介质接口连接器 MIO:Multiuser Information Outlet 多用户信息插座 MLM：Multi-Longitudinal Mode 多纵模 MM:Mobile Management 移动管理 MMDS:Maltichanned Microware Distribution System多路微波分配系统 MMO:Multionedia Outlet 多媒体插座 MN-NES:MN-Network Element System 网元管理系统 MN-RMS:MN-Region Management System 网络管理系统 MO:Managed Object 管理目标 MSA:Multiplex Section Adaptation复用段适配 MS-AIS:Mutiplex Section-Alarm Indication Signal 复用段告警指示信号 MSOH:Multiplex Section Overhead 复用段开销 MSP:Multiplex Section Protection复用段保护 MS-RDI:Multiplex Section-Remote Defect Indication复用段远端缺陷指示 MST:Multiplex Section Termination复用段终端 MSU:Multi-Subscriber Unit 多用户单元 MTIE:Maximum Time Interval Error最大时间间隔误差 MUX:Multiplexer 灵活复接器 NDF:New DataFlag 新数据标识 NDFA:Niobium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铌光纤放大器 NE:Network Element 网元 NEXT：Near End Crosstalk 近端串扰 NMS:Network Management System网络管理系统 NNE:Non-SDH Network Element 非SDH网元 NNI:Network Node Interface网络节点接口 NPI:Null Pointer Indication无效指针指示 NWK:Network Layer 网络层 NZ-DSF:Non Zero-Dispersion Shift Fiber 非零散位移光纤 OAM&P:Operation Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning运行、管理、维护和预置 OAM:Operation, Administration and Maintenance操作、管理和维护 OBFD：Optical Beam Flame Detector 线型光速火焰探测器 OC-N:Optical carrier level-N光载波级N OCR:Optical Character Recogmition光学字符识别 OEIC:Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit光电集成电路 OFA:Optical Fiber Amplifier 光纤放大器 OHP:Overhead Processing开销处理 OLT:Optical Line Terminal光纤线路终端 ON:Orerall Noise 总噪声 ONU:Optical Network Unit 光纤网络单元 OOF:Out Of Frame 帧失步 OOP:O

先笼统些一下公园的周边环境引出公园，再由公园的细节入手，可以是雕像，可以是人造景物，之后整篇按照由近到远，或由远到近的顺序写，最后一段抒发下自我感叹就行，这种作文肯定都是初中，或是小学作文，高中没有这么出题的。春天，黄山湖公园里的花张开了笑脸，仿佛在对太阳公公笑，小草也钻出了脑袋，懒洋洋地打着哈欠，从地里钻了出来，远远地看小草是那么浓郁，但近看却一点也不浓郁，真是“草色遥看近却无”啊！一只只勤劳的蜜蜂踩着花蜜，一只只漂亮的蝴蝶在花丛中翩翩起舞。春天的黄山湖公园是热闹非凡的。人们趁着这大好时光到公园里去散步，有的孩子跟着自己的父母一同去公园里玩，有的看到自己熟悉的伙伴的话，大人们就在一起聊天，小孩就在一起嬉笑追逐着，春天的黄山湖公园是热闹非凡的。 夏天，黄山湖公园那参天大树的底下是人们避暑的好地方。中午，有许多的人都漫步在黄山湖公园，都在树荫下乘凉，谈天说地的，看上去既悠闲又高兴的样子。到了夜晚，路边齐灯开放，一根根耸立的棕榈灯柱射出银白色的光，是那么柔和，那么温馨。地面玻璃下的盏盏小灯，似星光引路，提醒着市民一路走好，路两边的绚丽无比，如礼花绽放，如瀑布飞泻，如骏马齐奔，那红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫的光彩跟人射灯交相辉映，使人仿佛置身于灯的海洋，让人目不暇接，留连忘返，人们坐在岸边，他们脚下是海浪于堤岸的呢喃细语。 走出了夏日的温馨，黄山湖公园进入了秋的美丽。俗话说“十月桂花香”，只要到桂花开的日子里，你刚走进黄山湖公园，那桂花真是十里飘香，让你感到心旷神怡，走都不想走了。你瞧，那里一朵朵、一盆盆的菊花正在怒放，你看，有的菊花花冠细长弯曲，白嫩细腻的瓣上短下长，长部的花瓣如同无数小手伸出，下部的花瓣层层叠叠，像蛟龙的爪子一样刚劲有力，嫩黄的花蕊像玉盘中盛满了灿烂的明珠。 走出秋天的美丽，进入冬天的寒冷。冬天的黄山湖公园是百花凋谢的时候，树叶纷纷扬扬地坠落下来，树头上变得光秃秃的一根树条了。黄山湖公园的玩人也越来越少了，虽然这么说，但是冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

document 理解为整个HTML文档就好了。在JS里，通过这个来对整个HTML文档内容进行操作。大概就是这么回事了。

8选1数据选择器：通过对3位地址线的控制，是8为二进制数据只有一路送到输出上。因为8个中只能有一个到达，因此叫数据选择器。数据选择器(data selector) 根据给定的输入地址代码，从一组输入信号中选出指定的一个送至输出端的组合逻辑电路。有时也把它叫做多路选择器或多路调制器(multiplexer)。

黑夜从大地上升起,遮住了光明的天空.举目望着夜空,月亮闪动着深情的目光.许多星星就象一颗颗珍珠在夜空中明灭闪耀着.天空格外地清亮,深黑的底色也仿佛变得蔚蓝起来.星月朗照下的世界,呈现一片温柔动人的景象.一条清冽的河从远处朦胧的夜色里飘然而至眼前.两岸及不远处的桥上,一片片阑珊的灯火,伴着星月的光亮,将河水照耀得清晰碧透.远处使人尚可辨认出那是一片茂密的树林.或许,它们正在静谧中演绎着浪漫.而远处山伫立在月下.连绵起伏的线条,与近处河岸柔滑的曲线交错缠绵,完美地点缀着这如诗如画的夜景.这是真正宁静而美丽的夜晚.

秋天带着落叶的声音来了，早晨像露珠一样新鲜。天空发出柔 和的光辉，澄清又缥缈，使人想听见一阵高飞的云雀的歌唱，正 如望着碧海想着见一片白帆。夕阳是时间的翅膀，当它飞遁时有 一刹那极其绚烂的展开。于是薄暮。秋夜，天高露浓，一弯月牙在西南天边静静地挂着。清冷的月 光洒下大地，是那么幽黯，银河的繁星却越发灿烂起来。茂密无 边的高粱、玉米、谷子地里，此唱彼应地响着秋虫的唧令声，蝈蝈也偶然加上几声伴奏，吹地翁像断断续续吹着寒茄。柳树在路 边静静地垂着枝条，荫影罩着蜿蜒的野草丛丛的小路。深秋的天空里，团团白云像弹好的羊毛，慢慢地飘浮着。

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我在英国时常见的有EASYJET主要是国内航班和欧洲短途(这家非常便宜,只不过基本没有服务,飞机上的可乐都要花钱,我从伦敦到爱丁堡才20英镑)britishairway,英国航空公司,就象中国的国航,国外远程的航班基本都是它.virgin维珍航空,相对英航便宜些,但也非常有限.我只坐过着3家航空公司,英国本土的航空公司基本也就这3家了，剩下还有些要不就是特种服务,要不就是非常小的公司了

我知道田小娥是被鹿三杀死的。因为在白鹿原的每个人眼里，关于黑娃和小娥的一切都是不道德的，都是尴尬的，尤其是在黑娃的父亲鲁三眼里。结果，鲁桑生气了。他觉得自己的儿子捡到了这么一个可怜的女人，这是要在自己的人面前扇他耳光，让他永远抬不起头来。他丢了脸，于是鲁三用刀杀了田小娥。在《白鹿原》中，田小娥被定义为那个荡妇。无论是书上还是影视剧里，对田小娥的描写最多的就是:圆蝎子(也就是屁股)和胸前的一对白鸽(乳房)。漂亮，身材好。与田小娥有关系的有郭举人、黑娃、卢梓琳、白孝文。因为这些描述，很多人把田小娥和潘金莲相提并论，认为他们都是奸夫。但我个人觉得田小娥和潘金莲的人生轨迹有很多相似之处，生活中的男人也很多。两人从小就因美貌而遭遇不幸，也为爱情而战，最后的结局同样悲惨。然而，与潘金莲不同的是，田小娥并没有谋杀丈夫，也没有杀害任何人，更多的故事发生在田小娥身上。小说《白鹿原》中鲁三杀田小娥的一段摘录:鲁三背着手走过村巷，出了村口就踩上了慢坡道，树木稀少，光线更亮，踩在窑场的平地上，一颗心跳都停不下来。自从黑娃和这个不知名的女人被他赶出家门住进这个窑洞后，鲁桑就再也没有去过这个脏兮兮的窑子，宁愿绕个两三里路，避开窑子前的慢坡道。就像潘金莲从田小娥开始，小时候嫁给了一个老人，第一任妻子很有权势。田小娥从小就嫁给了郭为妾，每个月只有郭可以有空去田小娥家，工作的时候都会受到第一任妻子的监视。田小娥的主要作用是为郭强身健体。郭每天取三个干枣，让田小娥塞到他的下体，然后泡一夜，第二天早上拿出来吃。他稍稍平稳地抑制住胸口和手臂的搏动，走到窑前。铁链吊着，门从里面插死了。人一定在窑里。当他抬起手去敲门板时，他那颗稳健的心又跳了起来，他有点犹豫地拍了一下木门；打完这一巴掌，我的心停止了跳动。《白鹿原》是一部年代剧，属于中国从清末到上世纪三四十年代的故事。其中最引人注目的角色是女主角田小娥。女主角的生活非常悲惨，充满了悲剧，直到死后才能摆脱。

每个地方，每个角落，都会有风景，哪怕是一栋小小的房子，干的发黄的小草，我也觉得它们很百美丽。 　　我最喜欢站在阳台上，看外面的风景，望着那度温和但带有小小刺眼的太阳，望着那无边无际的天空，看着小鸟自由自在的飞翔。风景啊。你为什么那么美问？为什么看了一次又想看第二次？ 　　我还喜欢在碧蓝的天空中放纸飞机，看着它飞起，转弯，落下。看着它展翅高飞，看着它自由自在的飞翔。我喜欢看答太阳慢慢的降下。因为我舍不得它。我爱太阳！ 　　云朵，有成群。有路回过的，有嬉戏的，还有旅行的。它们都是一样的美丽，还有不同形状的呢！ 　　风景，是大自然所创造的，在我心中，它是答最美丽的！没有一点的瑕疵。

1、hm2是面积的公制单位（国际单位），表示公顷，一般用于土地面积的计算。1公顷=100米*100米=10000平方米。 2、比如某地区面积为多少平方公里，某种植园面积为多少公顷。一块面积一公顷的土地，大约与标准足球场近似。

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1.傍晚，我邀请的小伙伴陆续来到我家。大家围着圆桌坐着，吃着食品，谈笑风声。渐渐地夜幕降临了，这时钟圆月大叫起来，怏看！我们顺着他指的方向看去，只见月亮像一个害羞的姑娘，羞答答地从一层乌云背后伸出半个脑袋，偷偷地向下俯视，发现没有什么动静，一扭身，就出现在天空中，天空中就像挂着一盏明亮的灯，周围的景色都被镀上了一层银白色。我和伙伴们望着这盏挂在夜空中的明月，畅想着议论着。过了一会儿，月亮姑娘便在一层白的簇拥下隐没了。多扫兴啊！我们只得耐心地等待着“月亮姑娘”再一次出来。2.中秋节的晚上，我在家里望着月亮，这时的月亮圆圆的，如同一面镜子。我问爸爸为什么，爸爸说：“一月当中月亮或缺或圆，这是天体变化的结果。十五这天晚上，月亮是最圆最亮的。”听着爸爸的话，我继续仰望天空。只见月亮静静地悬挂在夜空，播洒柔和的银光，一切的一切都沐浴在这朦胧的月色里：爸爸的脸是乳白的，桌面是乳白的，就连远山也好像裹了一层淡淡的的白雾。渐渐地，月亮的光强了起来，越来越亮，啊！月光—如水了。月亮的速度也快了许多，它爬上了半空，穿过了云层，哦！更亮了，大地更亮了，天空更亮了，月亮更亮了。此时，我才深深地体会到什么叫浩月当空。就这样我看着看着，直到睡觉的时候，我才恋恋不舍地离去。3.在乡村的田野里，映入眼帘的不是黄色，就是绿色，黄色是广阔的麦田。春天，它们绿油油的，有点像可爱的小草，又像披上了嫩绿的服装；夏天，麦田换上了耀眼的浅黄色新装；每根麦秆都擎起了丰满的穗儿，可爱极了。那绿色就在蔬菜上了。你看：卷心菜、萝卜、土豆、油菜花、玉米……它们都在你的眼前。田野中间还有个稻草人在吓唬偷吃粮食的鸟，红色、紫色就在田野边上的花朵中。瞧，有几只小蜜蜂正兴高采烈得在花蕊中嗡嗡地采蜂蜜呢！4.校园的早晨是恬静的.雾气弥漫在大地，像一层薄纱，把校园围了起来。太阳渐渐地升起来了。刚开始，先是一丝一丝的，像一根根火红的线。接下来又像一位害羞的小姑娘露出了半张笑脸。一瞬间，太阳一下子腾空而起。太阳升起来了！太阳露出笑脸了！它仿佛代表着新的一天的开始。花草树木们也被唤醒了。你瞧！这朵花的花瓣上，还带着晶莹透亮的露珠呢！不一会，露珠又从花瓣上滚落下来。校园里的空气也十分的新鲜，它有点清凉，有点湿润，也会让你感到十分的轻松。5.蔚蓝的天空中，相嵌着一朵朵洁白无瑕的云朵。它们没有线条，就像只用颜料渲染一般，相互混合着。在微风的吹拂下，有的犹如绵羊似的在蔚蓝的草原上奔跑着；有的又如万马奔腾，灰尘如浪；有的则如一条玉龙在空中腾飞，那威严的态度，那惊人的速度，那惊心动魄的吼叫声，令人心神未定!在遥远之处,隐隐约约可见一座座青山。它们连绵不断，犹如一个个青少年手牵着手在酣畅淋漓的歌颂春天的灿烂！在微风中，一只只五彩缤纷的蝴蝶伴随着柳丝一起舞蹈；一颗颗火红般的桃树更是为着光彩夺目的春天增添了几分秀色与生机.那灼灼入伙、皑皑如雪的花儿竞相开放，散发出阵阵芳香。

SDM:Space Division Multiplexing(空分复用),利用空间分割构成不同信道的一种复用方法。例如在光纤接入网中使用不同的光纤分别传输不同种类或上下行业务。 频分多路复用（Frequency-division multiplexing，FDM），是指载波带宽被划分为多种不同频带的子信道，每个子信道可以并行传送一路信号的一种多路复用技术。FDM常用于模拟传输的宽带网络中。在通信系统中，信道所能提供的带宽通常比传送一路信号所需的带宽宽得多。如果一个信道只传送一路信号是非常浪费的，为了能够充分利用信道的带宽，就可以采用频分复用的方法。在频分复用系统中，信道的可用频带被分成若干个互不交叠的频段，每路信号用其中一个频段传输，因而可以用滤波器将它们分别滤出来，然后分别解调接收。TDM：Time Division Multiplex and Multiplexer） 时分复用是指一种通过不同信道或时隙中的交叉位脉冲，同时在同一个通信媒体上传输多个数字化数据、语音和视频信号等的技术。电信中基本采用的信道带宽为 DS0，其信道宽为 64 kbps。 波分复用(WDM)是将两种或多种不同波长的光载波信号(携带各种信息)在发送端经复用器(亦称合波器，Multiplexer)汇合在一起，并耦合到光线路的同一根光纤中进行传输的技术；在接收端，经解复用器(亦称分波器或称去复用器，Demultiplexer)将各种波长的光载波分离，然后由光接收机作进一步处理以恢复原信号。这种在同一根光纤中同时传输两个或众多不同波长光信号的技术,称为波分复用。 WDM本质上是光域上的频分复用FDM技术。每个波长通路通过频域的分割实现，每个波长通路占用一段光纤的带宽。WDM系统采用的波长都是不同的，也就是特定标准波长，为了区别于SDH系统普通波长，有时又称为彩色光接口，而称普通光系统的光接口为"白色光口"或"白光口"。 通信系统的设计不同，每个波长之间的间隔宽度也有不同。按照通道间隔的不同，WDM可以细分为CWDM(稀疏波分复用)和DWDM(密集波分复用)。CWDM的信道间隔为20nm，而DWDM的信道间隔从0.2nm 到1.2nm，所以相对于DWDM，CWDM称为稀疏波分复用技术。