加an后缀的单词20个

我国现代远程教育实践，在试点阶段，侧重于物质和制度文化实践。在常规阶段，要进一步把精神文化作为实践的重要内容。研究精神文化背后的文化范式，应主动地正规、面对两种文化范式，既要面对东方农业文化范式的价值观念、思维方式，也要面对西方工业文化范式的文化内涵、思维奥秘，更应处理好二者之间关系。这是一个过程，在这个过程中，要着重于“文化认同”和“文化适应”两个环节。Ourcountrymoderndistancelearningpractice,intheexperimentsitestage,stressesonmaterialandthesystemculturepractice.Intheconventionalstage,mustfurthertaketheenergeticculturethepracticetheimportantcontent.Behindtheresearchenergeticculture"sculturalmodel,shouldonowninitiativeregular,facingtwoculturalmodels,mustfacetheEastagrariancivilizationmodelthevalueidea,thethinkingmode,mustfacetheWesternindustryculturemodeltheculturalconnotation,thethoughtmystery,shouldprocessbetweenthetwotorelate.Thisisaprocess,inthisprocess,mustemphaticallyand“thecultureadapts”twolinksin“theculturalapproval”.

1. 参加俱乐部的英语作文怎么写 English corner is an ideal palace to improve our English.Not only can it help us study English,but also we can make friends at the English corner.There are also many interesting acticities at English corner such as Words Solitaire,English riddles and so on.You can study English with great joy here!After some time,you will find you can speak English fluently!We expect that more and more people who love English can join us! 英语角是一个提高英语水平的理想地方，它不仅可以帮助我们学习英语，更可以结识朋友.英语角有很多有趣的活动例如词语接龙，猜谜语等等.在这里你可以充分体验到学习英语的乐趣！经过一段时间你会发现你可以流利的说英语.我们期待更多热爱英语的人可以加入我们！ 2. 俱乐部的英文怎么写 club n. 俱乐部； 夜总会， 会， 社 棒； 棍 （高尔夫、马球等的）球棒， 棒状物 （纸牌中）梅花； [pl. ]一组梅花牌 锤节， 棒（昆虫触角） a campaign club [美]竞选俱乐部 a country club [美]野外俱乐部 习惯用语 block club [美]街道居民组织（目的保护白人居民的利益和安全） book club [美]图书俱乐部（会员购书可享受折扣优待） bottle club [美]饮酒俱乐部（私人经营， 可不按 *** 禁令， 在打烊〔闭店〕时间后， 向会员供应预先订购的酒） Christmas club [美]（为圣诞节购买东西的）圣诞储金会 classification club [美]分行业俱乐部 cock-and-hen club [谑]兼收男女成员的俱乐部 farm club [美]棒球分会； 分会的棒球队 golden age club [美]老年人俱乐部 hell-fire club 放荡的无神论者青年俱乐部（特别流行于18世纪） jockey club 赛马俱乐部 Join the club ！ [俚]不光是你一个人， 别人也一样！ （指不愉快的处境） key club [美]（每一成员各持有钥匙的）私人俱乐部（或夜总会） Rotary club 扶轮社（国际扶轮社在各地的地方分社） service club 同业福利俱乐部； 士兵俱乐部 收起更多词典展开更多词典 现代英汉词典club n. 俱乐部 a football club 一个足球俱乐部 俱乐部的会址 （= clubhouse） 棍；短棒；棍棒 球棒；球杆 （纸牌的）梅花 词性变化 vt. -bb- 用棍棒打 （与together, with连用）分摊（费用） The workers in the office clubbed together to buy her a present for her birthday. 办公室的工作人员凑钱给她买了一件生日礼物。 习惯用语 in the club （未婚少女）怀孕 简明英汉词典club n. 俱乐部， 夜总会， 社， 棍棒， （高尔夫球等的）球棒， （扑克牌）梅花 vt. 棍打， 协作， 联合， 把。当棍棒用 3. 以英语俱乐部为话题的英语作文 Our munity has many activities,the next one,we will have a party at the English Club on 7:30 pm Oct.15. then will have many friends who like English and want to practice their oral English in there, so i want to invite my foreign friend "Lee" to join in us, we can exchange something about history,culture and custom etc at that time. During the party, you can municate with each other in English and talk everything you want, make friends with everybody. Meanwhile, you can watch shows, and some fruits and drinks will be provided, you also can bring foods for yourself, hope everyone will spent a beautiful time ,thanks.。 4. 英语关于俱乐部的作文 Our English Club There is an English Club that was set up last year in our school.In the beginning,few students go to it.But now more and more students like going to it.There are many activities in the club.We can talk to each other in English,tell stories,learn to sing English songs and see English films there.I go to the English Club every other day.I like it every much. 5. 写一篇作文题目是俱乐部用英语写话也要画花 Let"s play sports！来It is the time to walk out of classroom and do some sport! for your health, fun, and great time together.The Sports Club has arranged the some games for you, please e and join us, and for the prize we have prepared for you.The schedule is as following:Afternoon SoccerVolleyballBasketballEvening BaseballPing-PongSee you then！大家来运动！ 是走出教室，做些运动的时候了！为了你的健康、乐源趣和开心一刻。 体育俱乐部为大家安排了bai一些比du赛活动，请大家积极参加，来赢取我们为你zhi准备的奖品。 具体时间安排如下： （这部分dao略） 我们等着你哟。 6. 英语作文英语俱乐部 My family cares about my foreign language education, they want me to learn English well, so I can have a better future. In order to improve my English, they send me to an English club, there are many guys like me, we talk many things in English, we share our opinion, I am so happy in the club and my English get improved.。 7. 俱乐部用英语怎么说 “俱乐部”英语说法：club 读法：英 [klu028cb] 美 [klu028cb] 释义： 1、n. 俱乐部，社团；夜总会；棍棒；（扑克牌中的）梅花 2、vt. 用棍棒打；募集 3、vi. 集资；组成俱乐部 4、adj. 俱乐部的 5、n. (Club)人名；（英）克拉布 例句： 1、They were out late at the club. 他们外出在俱乐部待到深夜。 2、We affiliated ourselves with their club. 我们加入了他们的俱乐部。 扩展资料 club的近义词：society 读法：英 [su0259"sau026au0259tu026a] 美 [su0259u02c8sau026au0259tu026a] 释义：n. 社会；交往；社团；社交界 短语： 1、Classification society社会分类 2、Vegan Society完全素食协会 3、South Society南社 4、Lunar Society月光社 5、agrarian society农耕社会

blend into society和integrate into society 都可以blend into & integrate into融入...；与...融合

◎ (1) [land (agrarian) reform](2) 为更加 公平 地分配农业土地, 特别 是把大地产分为小地产,而采取的立法或其它 措施 (3) 指对封建土地所有制进行 改革 的 运动 ||| 　指对封建土地所有

重农派(Agrarians) 　　迷惘的一代(The Lost Generation) 　　黑山派诗歌(BIack Mountain Poems) 　　垮掉的一代(the Beat Generation) 　　黑色幽默(Black humor) 　　重农派(Agrarians) 　　美国现代南方作家组成的一个松散的文化团体，又称“逃亡者派”。1915年，一些与田纳西州纳什维尔镇范德比尔特大学有关的文化人常常聚会讨论文学及哲学问题。第一次世界大战期间集会曾一度中断，1919年重又恢复。范德比尔特大学教师、诗人约翰·克罗·兰塞姆成为这一活动的实际，他的周围聚集了一批有才华的年轻人，如诗人罗伯特·潘·华伦、阿伦·泰特、唐纳德·戴维森以及小说家安德鲁·纳尔逊·莱特尔、诗人莫里尔·莫尔等。1922至1925年，他们出版了有影响的小型文艺杂志《逃亡者》，它所发表的重要的文章后来收组成为《逃亡者文选》(1928)。“逃亡者派”一词即由此而来。 　　“逃亡者”们提倡维护南方传统的文学地方主义，成为“南方文艺复兴”的一文中坚力量。1930年，以“逃亡者派”为主体的12个南方作家，其中有兰塞姆、华伦、泰特以及诗人约翰·弗莱彻、剧作家斯塔克·扬格等人，撰写的专题论文集《我要表明我的态度》出版。这部被看作“重农派”宣言的著作在社会上引起了不小反响。这些文章的主旨都是以南方农业社会为尺度来评价、批判现代美国资本主义社会。此后，阿伦·泰特等人我出版了“重农派”的第二部论文集《谁占有美国?》(1936)。 　　30年代经济大萧条时期，重农思想对南方知识分子影响极大。这种思想不仅贯穿在兰塞姆、戴维森、泰特、华伦等人的作品中，在威廉·福克纳、卡罗琳·戈登、莱特尔以至尤多拉·韦尔蒂等人的小说中也有鲜明的体现，一时形成了一股很有声势的文化潮流，以致有“重农运动”之称。1935年，华伦与克林斯·布鲁克斯共同创办了《南方评论》，1939年兰塞姆创办了《肯庸评论》，这些杂志便成为“重农派”作家重要的活动阵地。美国现代重要的文艺批评流派“新批评派”就是围绕着这些刊物形成的。“新批评派”中的不少成员也都是“重农派”的核心人物。 　　迷惘的一代(The Lost Generation) 　　第一次世界大战后出现在美国的一个文学流派。它不是一个有组织、有共同纲领的团体。这个名词源出侨居巴黎的美国女作家格特鲁德·斯泰因。她有一次指着海明威等人说：“你们都是迷惘的一代。”海明威把这句话作为他的长篇小说《太阳照样升起》的一句题辞，于是“迷悯的一代”成了一个文学流派的名称。“迷惘的一代”作家的共同点是厌恶帝国主义战争，却又找不到出路。第一次世界大战爆发时，他们大多是20岁左右的年轻人。他们在美国政府“拯救世界民主”口号的蛊惑下，怀着民主的理想，奔赴欧洲战场。他们目睹人类空前的*，发现战争远不是他们原来设想的那种英雄的事业，所谓“民主”、“光荣”、“牺牲”都是骗人的东西。他们在战争中经历了种种苦难，了解到普通兵士中间的反战情绪。这在他们心灵中留下了无法医治的创伤。他们的作品反映了这些思想感情。例如，约翰·多斯·帕索斯的《三个士兵》、爱·肯明斯的《巨大的房间》、威廉·福克纳的《士兵的报酬》和《萨托里斯》。厄内斯特。海明威是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家。他到欧洲打过仗，负过重伤。海明威当时对待战争的态度，象其他反战作家一样，只限于厌恶、逃避与诅咒。他对战后的和平生活也不抱希望，所以在作品中迷惘、悲观的情绪较为浓厚。“迷惘的一代”不仅指参加过欧洲大战的作家，也包括没有参加过战争、但对前途感到迷悯和迟疑的20年代作家，例如司各特·菲茨杰拉尔德、托·斯·艾略特和托·马斯·沃尔夫等。“迷悯的一代”主要繁荣在20年代；30年代以后，他们的创作倾向，包括海明威在内，都有了变化。 　　黑山派诗歌(BIack Mountain Poems) 　　美国当代的一个诗歌流派。20世纪50年代初，在马萨诸塞州黑山学院任教的查·奥尔逊、罗·邓肯、罗·克里利等人创办《黑山评论》杂志，提倡与40年代流行的传统格律体相反的“放射体”诗歌，逐步形成一个流派。奥尔逊的《放射体诗歌》(1950)一文阐述了他们的主要观点。奥尔逊认为诗是把诗人的“能”传递给读者的东西，因此诗是“能的结构”和“能的放射”；要以顺应呼吸的“音乐片语”代替传统诗律中的节拍；形式只是内容的延伸；一个意念必须直接导向另一个意念，提倡快速写作。黑山派诗人还倡导诗歌朗诵。他们强调诗歌的自发性和口语化，采用美国口语和埋语，反对艾略特等人精雕细刻、广征博引的学院派诗风。50年代后期他们与垮掉派诗人合流，引起较大的反响。 　　垮掉的一代(the Beat Generation) 　　第二次世界大战后在美国出现的一个文学流派。有人根据英文“Beats”和“Beatniks”(“垮掉青年”的俗称)译成“避世青年”或“疲塌派”，也有人取其诗歌的部分特征，称为“节拍运动”或“敲打诗派”。“垮掉青年”对战后美国社会现实不满，又迫于麦卡锡主义的反动政治高压，便以“脱俗”方式来表示*。他们奇装异服，蔑视传统观念，厌弃学业和工作，长期浪迹于底层社会，形成了独特的社会圈子和处世哲学。50年代初，他们的反叛情绪表现为一股“地下文学”潮流，向保守文化的统治发动冲击。多数垮掉派文人来自东部。的有杰克·凯鲁亚克、艾伦·金斯堡、威廉· 巴罗斯、格雷戈里。柯尔索、约翰·克莱伦·霍尔姆斯、塞缪尔·克雷姆和加里·斯奈德等。1950年，凯鲁亚克与巴罗斯合写侦探故事未成，却各自完成了一部垮掉派小说《小镇与城市》(1951)和《吸毒者》(1953)。霍尔姆斯从中受到启发，在小说《走吧》(1952)中更明确地反映纽约“垮掉青年”的生活感受，又在《纽约时报》上鼓吹垮掉派文学，但这种尝试受到东部学院派势力的压抑，他们就往西部寻求同道和发展基地。当时洛杉矶近郊的西威尼斯有个以劳伦斯·李普顿为首的垮掉派组织，他于1955年发表小说《神圣的野蛮人》。在旧金山，以劳伦斯·弗林盖梯的“城市之光”书店为中心，聚合了一群立志从事“文艺复兴”的反学院派诗人，他们的首领即是后来成为“垮掉的一代”理论家的肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯。 　　1955年夏天，“垮掉文人”和反学院派诗人(包括旧金山诗人和黑山派诗人)在旧金山联合举办诗歌朗诵会，自此之后垮掉派文学作品开始流行。金斯堡在会上朗读了他那首被誉为“50年代《荒原》”的长诗《嚎叫》。这首诗以怨气冲天的哀号表达“我这一代精英”的痛苦与自暴自弃，斥责“莫洛克”神统治下的军事化、商业化的社会。1956年，他的诗集出版，轰动全国。1957年，凯鲁亚克的长篇小说《在路上》出版，它描写垮掉分子在各地流浪的生活，使大批精神苦闷的青年为之神往，奉为“生活教科书”。这两部作品出版后，《常青评论》、《黑山评论》等杂志连续出版专号，加以推荐。诺曼·梅勒的被称为美国存在主义宣言的《白种黑人》(1957)，以及1960年他在波士顿审讯中为巴罗斯小说所做的辩护，则从理论上论证了“垮掉文学”的意义。商业化宣传使得美国青年纷纷接受“垮掉”生活方式，从爵士乐、摇摆舞、吸大麻、性放纵直至参掸念佛和“背包革命”(指漫游旅行)，一时成为风气。 　　“垮掉派”人生哲学的核心是个人在当代社会中的生存问题。霍尔姆斯和梅勒借用欧洲存在主义观念，宣扬通过满足感官欲望来把握自我。斯奈德和雷克思罗斯则吸收佛教禅宗的学说，以虚无主义对抗生存危机。在政治上，他们标榜自己是“没有目标的反叛者，没有口号的鼓动者，没有纲领的革命者”。在艺术上，据雷克思罗斯在《离异：垮掉的一代的艺术》(1957)中宣称，他们“以全盘否定高雅文化为特点”。凯鲁亚克发明的“自发式散文”写作法和查尔斯·奥尔逊的“放射诗”论，在“垮掉文人”中被广泛奉行。 　　由上述艺术观点支配的“垮掉文学”运动，虽然昙花一现，而且掺杂大量不健康的因素，仍在美国文学留下了一定影响。大量“垮掉诗”因具有大众化和反象征主义倾向，长期在青年中流传。在小说方面，凯鲁亚克的一组用自发表现法写成的“路上小说”，除了《在路上》之外，还有《地下人》(1958)、《达摩流浪汉》(1958)、《特莉斯苔萨》(1959)、《孤独天使》(1959)等。它们的一个特点是继承了马克．吐温的《哈克贝里·费思历险记》所开创的美国文学中写流浪生活的传统，形成了一种为当代其他小说家所仿效的模式，主人公为逃脱污浊的环境而四出漫游，寻找自由和归宿。它们的另一个特点是主人公毫不隐讳地大谈自己的境遇和感受，作自我剖析，这种“个人新闻体”手法在印年代得到较大的发展。 　　巴罗斯对暴行、堕落、吸毒和犯罪等的描写在“垮掉”作家中。他同时又在语言和小说的形式上进行大胆实验，用“剪裁法”拼凑和改变小说的结构。他的代表作《*露的午餐》(1959)，由于反映了“真正地狱般的”地下生活，引起了一场诉讼和谐争。以后的作品如《诺瓦快车》(1964)、《柔软机器》(1966)和《爆炸的火车票》(1967)，也采用了真实与梦属相混合的手法，全面、冷酷地表现 作者厌恶社会的冷酷的幽默感，后来有人因此把巴罗斯列入“黑色幽默”小说家行列。 　　黑色幽默(Black humor) 　　20世纪60年代美国重要的文学流派。1965年3月，弗里德曼编了一本短篇小说集，收入12个作家的作品，题名为《黑色幽默》，“黑色幽默”一词即由此而来。它是60年代美国小说创作中最有代表性的流派之一。进入70年代后，“黑色幽默”的声势大减，但不时仍有新作出现，它在美国文学中至今仍有相当深远的影响。它的主要作家有约瑟夫·海勒、克特·小伏尼格、托马斯·平钦、约翰·巴斯、詹姆斯·珀迪、布鲁斯·杰伊·弗里德曼、唐纳德·巴赛尔姆等。 　　“黑色幽默”的小说家突出描写人物周围世界的荒谬和社会对个人的压迫，以一种无可奈何的嘲讽态度表现环境和个人(即“自我”)之间的互不协调，并把这种互不协调的现象加以放大，扭曲，变成畸形，使它们显得更加荒诞不经，滑稽可笑，同时又令人感到沉重和苦闷。因此，有一些评论家把“黑色幽默”称为“绞架下的幽默”或“大难临头时的幽默”。“黑色幽默”作家往往塑造一些乖僻的“反英雄”人物，借他们的可笑的言行影射社会现实，表达作家对社会问题的观点。在描写手法方面，“黑色幽默”作家也打破传统，小说的情节缺乏逻辑联系，常常把叙述现实生活与幻想和回忆混合起来，把严肃的哲理和插科打诨混成一团。例如海勒的《第二十二条军规》、平钦的《万有引力之虹》、小伏尼格的《第一流的早餐》。有些“黑色幽默”小说则嘲笑人类的精神危机，如巴斯的《烟草经纪人》和珀迪的《凯柏特·赖特开始了》。 　　“黑色幽默”作为一种美学形式，属于喜剧范畴，但又是一种带有悲剧色彩的变态的喜剧。“黑色幽默”的产生是与60年代美国的动荡不安相联系的。当代资本主义社会的荒谬可笑的事物和“喜剧性”的矛盾不是作家们凭主观意志所能创造的，它们是那种社会生活的反映。这种反映虽然具有一定的社会意义和认识价值，作家虽然也抨击了包括统治阶级在内的一切权威，但是他们强调社会环境是难以改变的，因而作品中往往流露出悲观绝望的情绪。

这句话全句中文意思是：民主党人既想从市场中获得回报，又不想牺牲掉农业国家的质朴特征。feature在本句中的意思是“特征”。 其它例句如下： noun 1.【释义】a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical特点，特征，特色:【例句】Air bags are a standard feature in most new cars.气囊是大多数新车的标准配置。【例句】An important feature of Van Gogh"s paintings is their bright colours.凡·高画作的一个重要特色是色彩鲜亮。【例句】Striped tails are a common feature of many animals.尾巴上有条纹是许多动物的共同特征。【例句】The hotel"s only redeeming features (=things that make it acceptable) were that it was cheap and near the city centre.这家酒店唯一可取之处就是便宜并且靠近市中心。【例句】The most distinctive feature of the dinosaurs was their size.恐龙最明显的特点是它们的体型。【例句】One of the distinguishing features (= features that are different from other things of the same sort) of modern banking is its dependence on computers.现代银行业的显著特征之一是依赖计算机。2.【释义】a piece of writing about a subject in a newspaper or a magazine, or a special report on television or on the radio〔报纸或杂志的〕特写;〔电视或广播的〕专题节目:【例句】a feature on holidaying with your dog一档携狗去度假的专题节目3.【释义】[usually plural] a part of someone"s face, such as their eyes, nose etc面貌的一部分〔如眼、鼻等〕; 面貌（特征）; 五官:【例句】He had fine delicate features.他眉清目秀。【例句】Her eyes were her best feature.她的五官中眼睛长得最好。4.【释义】a part of the land, especially a part that you can see地貌; 地形地物:【例句】Hedges are an important feature of the landscape in Britain.树篱是英国重要的景观风貌。5.【释义】a film being shown at a cinema影片，故事片，正片:【例句】There were a couple of short cartoons before the main feature.正片前有一些卡通短片。verb1.【释义】[I,T] to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part以…为特色，是…的特征; 起重要作用:【例句】The exhibition features paintings by Picasso.这次展览重点展出毕加索的画作。【例句】a cruise ship featuring extensive spa facilities以大量水疗设施为特色的游轮【例句】A study of language should feature in an English literature course.语言学习在英语文学课程中应当很重要。【例句】Pupils visited some of the websites featured in the article.小学生们访问了文章中专题介绍的一些网站。【例句】Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books.暴力似乎是他所有作品中的主要特色。【例句】The film featured Brando as the Godfather.这部影片由白兰度主演教父。2.【释义】[T] to show a film, play etc放映〔电影〕; 上演〔戏剧〕:【例句】The Retro Theatre is featuring films by Frank Capra this week.经典剧场本周上映弗兰克·卡普拉主演的影片。

1 algerian a. 阿尔及利亚的 2 amerindian n. 美洲印第安人 3 amphibian a. 两栖类的,水陆两用的 4 antediluvian adj. 史前的，陈旧的 5 antiquarian n. 古物研究者,收集古物者 6 agrarian a. 有关土地的,耕地的 7 Arabian adj.阿拉伯的 扩展资料 　　8 artesian adj.自流的（井等） 　　9 Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 　　10 assyrian a. 亚述人的；n. 亚述人 　　11 athenian a. 雅典(人)的；n. 雅典人 　　12 australian n. 澳大利亚人；澳洲人，adj. 澳大利亚的；澳洲的 　　13 austrian adj. 奥地利的；n. 奥地利人 　　14 authoritarian a. 要求服从权力的；权威主义的；权力主义的；专制的` 　　15 Babylonian a. 巴比伦的,罪恶的 　　16 bacchanalian adj. 饮酒狂欢的；行为放纵的 　　17 barbarian n. 野蛮人 　　18 beautician n.美容师 　　19 belgian n. 比利时人； a. 比利时的，比利时人的 　　20 brazilian a. 巴西人的，巴西的； n. 巴西的(人) 　　21 californian a. 加利福尼亚州的 　　22 Canadian n.加拿大人 　　23 Caucasian n. 高加索人,白种人 　　24 electric ian n.电工，电气技师 　　25 civilian n.平民 a.平民的 　　26 comedian n. 喜剧演员 　　27 Corinthian adj. (古代希腊的) 科林斯的 　　28 custodian n. 管理员，监护人 　　29 dietitian n. 营养学家 　　30 disciplinarian n. 严行纪律的人，严师

Russia (Russian: Россиu0301я, Rossiya; pronounced [ru028c"su02b2i.ju0259]), also[1] the Russian Federation (Russian: Россиu0301йская Федераu0301ция, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; pronounced [ru028c"su02b2i.sku0259.ju0259 fu02b2u026a.du02b2u026a"ra.u02a6u026a.ju0259], listen (help·info)), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia. With an area of 17,075,400 square kilometres, it is the largest country in the world by land mass, covering almost twice the territory of the next-largest country, Canada. It has the world"s eighth largest population. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from NW to SE): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It is also close to the United States and Japan across relatively small stretches of water.Formerly the dominant republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia is now an independent country and an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, since the Union"s dissolution in December 1991. During the Soviet era, Russia was officially called the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Russia is considered the Soviet Union"s successor state in diplomatic matters.Most of the area, population, and industrial production of the Soviet Union, then one of the world"s two superpowers, lay in Russia. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia"s global role was greatly diminished compared to that of the former Soviet Union. In October 2005, the federal statistics agency reported that Russia"s population has shrunk by more than half a million people dipping to 143 million, although Russia became the second country in the world by the number of immigrants from abroad.[2]Ancient RusPrior to the Christian Era, the vast lands of Southern Russia were home to un-united tribes, such as Proto-Indo-Europeans and Scythians. Between the third and sixth centuries Common Era, the steppes were overwhelmed by successive waves of nomadic invasions, led by warlike tribes which would often move on to Europe, as was the case with Huns and Turkish Avars. A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled South Russia through the eighth century. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire and waged a series of successful wars against the Arab Califates.An approximative map of the cultures in European Russia at the arrival of the VarangiansThe Early East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in Western Russia from the seventh century onwards and slowly assimilated the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians and the Meshchera. In the mid-ninth century, a group of Scandinavians, the Varangians, assumed the role of a ruling elite at the Slavic capital of Novgorod. Although they were quickly assimilated by the predominantly Slavic population, the Varangian dynasty lasted several centuries, during which they affiliated with the Byzantine, or Orthodox church and moved the capital to Kiev in AD 882.In this era, the term "Rhos" or "Rus" first came to be applied to the Varangians and later also to the Slavs who peopled the region. As well as one of the rulers who contributed to the name "rus" [...] In the tenth to eleventh centuries this state of Kievan Rus became the largest in Europe and one of the most prosperous, due to diversified trade with both Europe and Asia. The opening of new trade routes with the Orient at the time of the Crusades contributed to the decline and fragmentation of Kievan Rus by the end of the twelfth century.In the eleventh and twelfth centuries common era, the constant incursions of nomadic Turkish tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, led to the massive migration of Slavic populations from the fertile south to the heavily forested regions of the north, known as Zalesye. The medieval states of Novgorod Republic and Vladimir-Suzdal emerged as successors to Kievan Rus on those territories, while the middle course of the Volga River came to be dominated by the Muslim state of Volga Bulgaria.Like many other parts of Eurasia, these territories were overrun by the Mongol invaders, who formed the state of Golden Horde which would pillage the Russian principalities for over three centuries. Later known as the Tatars, they ruled the southern and central expanses of present-day Russia, while the territories of present-day Ukraine and Belarus were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland, thus dividing the Russian people in the north from the Belarusians and Ukrainians in the west.Similarly to the Balkans and Asia Minor, long-lasting nomadic rule retarded the country"s economic and social development. However, the Novgorod Republic together with Pskov retained some degree of autonomy during the time of the Mongol yoke and was largely spared the atrocities that affected the rest of the country. Led by Alexander Nevsky, the Novgorodians repelled the Germanic crusaders who attempted to colonize the region.MuscovyMain article: MuscovyUnlike its spiritual leader the Byzantine Empire, Russia under the leadership of Moscow was able to revive and organized its own war of reconquest, finally subjugating its enemies and annexing their territories. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Muscovite Russia remained the only more or less functional Christian state on the Eastern European frontier, allowing it to claim succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, the duchy of Moscow began to assert its influence in Western Russia in the early fourteenth century. Assisted by the Russian Orthodox Church and Saint Sergius of Radonezh"s spiritual revival, Muscovy inflicted a defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). Ivan the Great eventually tossed off the control of the invaders, consolidated surrounding areas under Moscow"s dominion and first took the title "grand duke of all the Russias".In the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Russian state set the national goal to return all Russian territories lost as a result of the Tatar invasion and to protect the southern borderland against attacks of Crimean Tatars and other Turkic peoples. The noblemen, receiving a manor from the sovereign, were obliged to serve in the military. The manor system became a basis for the nobiliary horse army.In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was officially crowned the first Tsar of Russia. During his long reign, Ivan annexed the Muslim polities along the Volga River and transformed Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state. By the end of the century, Russian Cossacks established the first settlements in Western Siberia. In the middle of the seventeenth century there were Russian settlements in Eastern Siberia, on Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, on the Pacific coast, and the strait between North America and Asia was first sighted by a Russian explorer in 1648. The colonization of the Asian territories was largely peaceful, in sharp contrast to the build-up of other colonial empires of the time.Imperial Russia View of Neva River in Saint Petersburg Three generations of a Russian family, c.1910Main article: Imperial RussiaMuscovite control of the nascent nation continued after the Polish intervention of under the subsequent Romanov dynasty, beginning with Tsar Michael Romanov in 1613. Peter the Great (ruled in) defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede Ingria, Estland, and Livland. It was in Ingria that he founded a new capital, Saint Petersburg. Peter succeeded in bringing ideas and culture from Western Europe to a severely underdeveloped Russia. After his reforms, Russia emerged as a major European power.Catherine the Great, ruling from 1762 to 1796, continued the Petrine efforts at establishing Russia as one of the great powers of Europe. Examples of its eighteenth-century European involvement include the War of Polish Succession and the Seven Years" War. In the wake of the Partitions of Poland, Russia had taken territories with the ethnic Belarusian and Ukrainian population, earlier parts of Kievan Rus". As a result of the victorious Russian-Turkish wars, Russia"s borders expanded to the Black Sea and Russia set its goal on the protection of Balkan Christians against a Turkish yoke. In 1783, Russia and the Georgian Kingdom (which was almost totally devastated by Persian and Turkish invasions) signed the treaty of Georgievsk according to which Georgia received the protection of Russia.In 1812, having gathered nearly half a million soldiers from France, as well as from all of its conquered states in Europe, Napoleon invaded Russia but, after taking Moscow, was forced to retreat back to Europe. Almost 90% of the invading forces died as a result of on-going battles with the Russian army, guerillas and winter weather. The Russian armies ended their pursuit of the enemy by taking his capital, Paris. The officers of the Napoleonic wars brought back to Russia the ideas of liberalism and even attempted to curtail the tsar"s powers during the abortive Decembrist revolt (1825), which was followed by several decades of political repression. Another result of the Napoleonic wars was the incorporation of Bessarabia, Finland, and Congress Poland into the Russian Empire.The perseverance of Russian serfdom and the conservative policies of Nicholas I of Russia impeded the development of Imperial Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. As a result, the country was defeated in the Crimean War, 1853–1856, by an alliance of major European powers, including Britain, France, Ottoman Empire, and Piedmont-Sardinia. Nicholas"s successor Alexander II (1855–1881) was forced to undertake a series of comprehensive reforms and issued a decree abolishing serfdom in 1861. The Great Reforms of Alexander"s reign spurred increasingly rapid capitalist development and Sergei Witte"s attempts at industrialization. The Slavophile mood was on the rise, spearheaded by Russia"s victory in the Russo-Turkish War, which forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and autonomy of Bulgaria.The failure of agrarian reforms and suppression of the growing liberal intelligentsia were continuing problems however, and on the eve of World War I, the position of Tsar Nicholas II and his dynasty appeared precarious. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, and the consequent deterioration of the economy led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire, and ultimately to the overthrow in 1917 of the Romanovs.At the close of this Russian Revolution of 1917, a Marxist political faction called the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd and Moscow under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party. A bloody civil war ensued, pitting the Bolsheviks" Red Army against a loose confederation of anti-socialist monarchist and bourgeois forces known as the White Army. The Red Army triumphed, and the Soviet Union was formed in 1922.Russia as part of the Soviet Union St. Basil"s Cathedral and the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin in Moscow"s Red Square.Main articles: History of the Soviet Union and Russian SFSRThe Soviet Union was meant to be a trans-national worker"s state free from nationalism. The concept of Russia as a separate national entity was therefore not emphasized in the early Soviet Union. Although Russian institutions and cities certainly remained dominant, many non-Russians participated in the new government at all levels.LeninThis section is a stub. You can help by expanding it.StalinOne of these was a Georgian named Joseph Stalin. After Lenin"s death in 1924, a brief power struggle ensued, during which Stalin gradually eroded the various checks and balances which had been designed into the Soviet political system and assumed dictatorial power by the end of the decade. Leon Trotsky and almost all other Old Bolsheviks from the time of the Revolution were killed or exiled. At the end of 1930s, Stalin launched the Great Purges, a massive series of political repressions. Millions of people whom Stalin and local authorities suspected of being a threat to their power were executed or exiled to Gulag labor camps in remote areas of Siberia or Central Asia.Stalin forced rapid industrialization of the largely rural country and collectivization of its agriculture. In 1928, Stalin introduced his "First Five-Year Plan" for modernizing the Soviet economy. Most economic output was immediately diverted to establishing heavy industry. Civilian industry was modernized and many heavy weapon factories were established. The plan worked, in some sense, as the Soviet Union successfully transformed from an agrarian economy to a major industrial powerhouse in an unbelievably short span of time, but widespread misery and famine ensued for many millions of people as a result of the severe economic upheaval.After the Great Patriotic War started in 1941 the German army had considerable success in the early stages of the campaign, they suffered defeat when they reached the outskirts of Moscow. The Red Army then stopped the Nazi offensive at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, which became the decisive turning point for Germany"s fortunes in the war. The Soviets drove through Eastern Europe and captured Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945 (see Great Patriotic War). During the war, the Soviet Union lost more than 27 million [citizens] (including eighteen million [civilians]).

和很多人一样，我是从全战区转战到帝国区来的，开始上手的时候觉得帝国荣耀的画面和操作有点让人郁闷，不过好好玩一下，其实还是一个挺不错的游戏。罗马的确是一个很优秀的游戏，能抵得住这种压力做出来的帝国荣耀，自然有他的过人之处。帝国荣耀做的最好的地方之一，就是科技树!这是很重要的一点，科技树贯穿整个游戏，了解了科技树，就很容易明白：如何补充兵力，如何建商船，商路，如何和平演变，政体选择，怎么弄出三段击，怎么用line formation 和 square formation 这两种新阵法等等，我想这都是一些大家最关心的问题吧，本文主要讨论帝国荣耀的科技树，个人认为只要明白了科技树，就能完全明白这个游戏怎么玩了，所以题目叫超级攻略言归正传!科技树主要有四个分枝，分别是：Resource Branch(资源)，Military Branch(军事)，Political Branch(政治)，Commercial Branch(经济)。资源可以提高原材料，人口等的产出;军事关系到军队问题，政治关系到Sympathy points(本文意译为友好度)，这样就很好理解，当一个国家对你的友好度达到100时就和平演变成功了，嘿嘿。经济关系到钱。这里主要有三个时代，下面我们分时代分不同分支来说一下科技树。The first era(第一个时代)资源：1.Food Preservation(食物储藏)，完成后可以造warehouse(粮仓)，可以将(有粮仓的)城市每个回合没被消耗的粮食储存起来。2.Circular Saw(圆锯)，完成后可以造Saw Mills(伐木工厂)，使原材料的产量增加50%。3.Basic Education(基础教育)，完成后触发the Railway Quest(铁路)，quest就是有点像文明里那些世界奇观一样，有奖励的，快捷键是F4。允许建造Primary School(初等学校)，初等学校能够增加50%的Research Points (科技点)。4.Vaccination(种痘)，完成后可以造Local Hospital(地方医院)，同时可以触发the Medical Revolution Quest(医学革命)，Local Hospital可以增加城市50%的人口增长率。军事：1.Officer training(训练军官)，完成后可以造Military Academy(军事学院)，军事学院中能招Captain(上尉)和Militia(民兵。大不列颠例外，没民兵)，同时在城市中提供7个驻军空位。2.Basic Cavalry(初等骑兵)，完成后可造Basic Stables(初等马厩)，同时，完成这项科技之后可以在战场上俘虏敌人。初等马厩中可以造Lancers(枪骑兵)，Hussar(轻骑)。3.Basic Infantry(初等步兵)，完成后可造Basic Barracks(初等兵营)，在初等兵营中可以造the Line infantry(列兵)和the light infantry(轻步兵)。4.Artillery Industry(小型炮兵工业)，完成后以后可以在战场上俘虏敌军大炮，并且可建Basic Foundries(铸造车间)，在铸造车间中可以生产6 Pound Cannons(6磅炮)、Howitzers(榴弹炮)和Congreve Rocket(英国专有的康格里夫火炮)。5.Navy Infrastructure(小型海军部)，完成后可以造Military Harbour(小型军港)，并且在以后的海战中可以俘虏敌船。触发the ruler of the seas Quest(海上霸王)。在小型军港中可以生产Sloop(单桅纵帆船)。6.Tactical Manoeuvres(战术调度)，提高步兵和骑兵的肉搏防御及远程攻击。触发the World Fair Quest(世界事务)。完成后可以造Training Camp(训练营)，训练营准许将Captain(上尉)升级为Colonels(上校)。(上尉能带3个部队，上校能带4个部队)。同时使新招募的士兵级别由新兵变成中等兵，(一出来就有两颗星)。政治：1.Peaceful Annexation(和平演变)。完成后可以建Consualte(领事馆)，并且激活外交选项中的Commercial Treaty(贸易协定)，贸易协定就是能跟他国买卖交换资源，甚至买领土。领事馆可以增加所在国对我国的友好度5%。2.Journalism(新闻宣传)，激活外交选项中的Improve Relations(改善关系)。就是给他钱，以提高友好度。新闻宣传就可以在中立国上建Newspaper Office(报社)，可以加10%的友好度。同时触发the Rosetta Stone Quest(罗塞塔石碑)。3.Secret Service(秘密服务)，完成后可以建Department of Information(信息部门),使本国的地区影响提高到2级，就是可以在离的更远的国家上建领事馆等。经济：1.Trade Infrastructure(基础贸易)，完成后触发the Agrarian Revolution Quest(农业革命)，并且可以建造Trade Branch(贸易处)。小型贸易部完成后即可打通陆上商路，增加所经过的商路33%的商业收入。2.Harbour Infrastruture(初等港口)，允许建立海上商道，允许造Merchant Harbour(小型商业码头)，在小型商业码头里，我们可以造Brigantines(小型商船)。3.Market Reform(市场改革)，允许建造Department of Trade(贸易部)，激活外交选项中的Right of Passage(通行权)。使internal commerce(内部贸易)收入加33%。最后一项是升级到下个时代：Advance Era。这里我们遇到了一个问题，政体选择!政体有什么用?政体关系到后面的一些特色科技，不同政体科技有一点不同，第二时代有两个不同，第三时代有四个不同。另外，选择政体后，跟你同种政体的国家友好度会增加。第二时代有两个不同政体：Autocratic(独裁制度)和Democratic(民主制度)，(我是独裁者，所以)独裁者最大的好处是?继续看就知道了。The Second Era资源：1.Modern Agriculture(现代农业)，完成后可造Subsidised Farms(农田)，农田可以提高所在城市50%的粮食产量。2.Steam Pump(蒸气泵)，完成后可造Deep-shapt Mines(深层矿井)，提高所在城市75%的原材料产量。3.Healthcare Programme(健康护理计划)，允许造Modern Hospital(现代医院)。现代医院可以增加75%的人口增长。4.Modern Education(现代教育)，允许建Specialised Schools(专业学校)。专业学校可以提高所在城市100%的科技点。并且触发the Metric System Quest(计量系统)。军事：1.Advanced Officer training(高级军官训练)，提高骑兵的突击伤害，允许建造Advanced Military Academy(高级军事学院)，使步兵能使用the Double Line Formation(双列阵形)，触发the Treaty of Amiens Quest(亚眠条约)。在高级军事学院中，我们可以直接建造Colonels(上校)。并且提供12个空位，而不是原来的7个。防卫空位有什么用?可以进驻部队。部队进驻军事学院里就不用维护费了。2.Advanced Cavalry(高级骑兵)，允许建造Advanced Stables(高级马厩)，在高级马厩中我们可造Dragoons(龙骑)。同时触发the Simon Bolivar Quest(玻利瓦尔)。3.Advanced Infantry(高级步兵)，允许使用Square Formation(方阵)，允许建造Advanced Barracks(高级兵营)，在高级兵营中，我们可以建造Grenadiers(精锐部队)，Elite Light Infantry(精英轻步兵)，(英国的精英轻步兵是rifleman，来复枪兵)。4.Organised Navy(组建海军)，允许建造Military Port(中型军港)。中型军港中可以生产frigate(小型军舰)。5.Naval Manoeuvies(海军调度)，允许建造Naval Academy(海军学院)，增加船员的经验，使你新造的军舰达到二级军舰的水平。6.Artillery Manufacturing(高级炮兵生产)，允许建造Advanced Foundries(高级铸造车间)，高级铸造车间中可造12 pround cannons(12磅炮)。7.Strategic Monoeuvres(战略调度)，提高炮兵的影响范围及对于远程攻击的防御。允许建造Firing Ranges(射击场)。射击场使新造出来的士兵达到老兵水平(三颗星)。同时允许把上校提升为将军(建成后全部上校直接升级为将军)。8.Surgery(外科学)，允许建造Military Hospital(军事医院)，军事医院可以补充兵力!就冲着这个科技，我愿意与所有民主国家为敌，嘿嘿。政治：1.Culture Influence(文化影响)，激活外交选项中的Military Aid(军事援助)，就是向他国请求军事援助。允许建造Culture Centre(文化中心)，文化中心加20%的友好度。2.Progaganda(宣传活动)，允许建造Army Bulletin(军报)，军报可以加5%的友好度，并且每回合+0.3%。3.Spy Network(间谍网)，允许建造the ministry of Foreign Affairs(外交部)，使我国的影响力提高到**。触发the Continental Blockade Quest(大陆封锁)。经济：1.Foreign Policy(外交政策)，允许建造Trade Bureau(贸易署)，贸易署可提高陆地商路利润66%。使你拥有Commercial Espionage(商业间谍)，可以看见他国的商路。这样就能断他们的财路了! 2.Industrialised Port(工业化港口)，允许建造Merchant Ports(中型商业码头)。中型商业码头中可建Packet(班轮，定期邮船)，增加66%的海上贸易收入。3.Market Network(市场网络)，使你拥有Industrial Espionage(工业间谍)，让你了解敌人正在建造什么。激活外交选项中的Loan of Armies(借兵)，这里借兵是指借给别人军队(好象没还的)，换取金钱。同时允许建造Trade Network(贸易网络)，提高国内贸易收入66%。4.Coastguard(海岸卫队)，允许建造Argand Lighthouse(阿冈德灯塔)，给你提供1级的海上视野，触发the Cartography Quest(制图法)。5.Customs Duties(关税)，允许建造Border Posts(出入境处)，出入境处可以向我国境内的外国贸易征收25%的所得税。6.Smuggling(走私)，允许建造Black Market Warehouse(黑市)，即使陆上商路被封，也能拿回50%的贸易收入。如果你选的是民主政体，那么Progaganda(宣传活动)这个科技会变成Foreign Investment(外国资本)，允许建造Infrastructure(基础设施)，基础设施所在国家每回合与你增加0.5%的友好度。而Surgery(外科学)这个科技会变成Taxation Systems(税务系统)，允许建造Tax Collection Buildings(税务所)，增加50%的货币收入。

土地改革land reform; agrarian reform

Whose Dragon Boat Festival?For traditional Asian culture facing same modernization challenge, China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) are both only one of the representatives, perhaps in the process of breaking through an encirclement, Dragon Boat Festival [Duan Wu] (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month) will become a shared cultural heritage in the East Asian cultural circle.No matter whether or not the ROK applies for making Dragon Boat Festival a world cultural heritage for its own country, the topic of China"s traditional national culture has once again aroused the Chinese people"s attention, the ROK which is also in the same cultural circle has many things that are worthwhile for China to use as reference."Duan Wu as a cultural heritage" in S. Koreans" eyesReporter Zhang Li of the International Herald Leader stationed in Seoul reported: the news about the ROK prepared to apply for making the Dragon Boat Festival a world cultural heritage has touched off divergent opinions, then what does S. Korean Dragon Boat Festival look like? To what degree has the ROK application work proceeded? And how do S. Koreans view China"s "defense of Dragon Boat Festival"?"Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" applied for status as cultural heritage to boost local economyDragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival and Mid-autumn Festival together are the three major festivals of the ROK, Duan Wu Festival is quite popular in the eastern areas centered on Jiang Ling. There are records on the customs of spending the Dragon Boat Festival in ancient South Korean books: "The Annals of Wei" andThe Classic of ROK" which recorded ancient customs and habits.It is said that the "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" has a history of more than 100 years and currently has been formed into a complete set of comprehensive activity system featuring the folk customs of the ROK, the procedures encompass "brewing nectar", "worshipping mountain god", "felling god trees", "memorial rites of welcoming gods", "sorcery of Duan Wu", and "memorial rites of seeing off gods" as well as various other activities of offering sacrifices to gods. A special official is assigned to preside over these activities.Besides sacrificial activities, there are also swing, wrestling, masque, the pleasure of farmers, folk songs and many other folk customs, games and cultural activities. In addition, the Duan Wu memorial rites also include "disorderly sites", i.e., large markets and sites where performances regarding folk customs are staged. Because the "disorderly sites" can attract large groups of people to come for sightseeing and consumption, they are therefore regarded as one of the most important factors in applying for the status of ??????Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" as a world cultural heritage.At present, large-scale Jiang Ling sightseeing folk customs festival, centered on the "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites", is held by Jiang Ling City every year, which invites theatrical troupes and personages in the cultural circle from various countries to come to participate in the activity. In recent years, the city has invested more than 10 billion won in building a "Duan Wu Village" on the 6,000 -sq. m. land vacated by dismantling residents" sports grounds, its aim is to preserve and publicize this "invisible culture-related finance", create an atmosphere of applying for the status of world cultural heritage and finally boosting the Jiang Ling regional economy.The Jiang Ling "Duan Wu Memorial Rites" of the ROK was designated as the country"s "important invisible culture-related finance" in 1967. In early 2003, the Culture Finance Department of the ROK decided to report the country"s No.13 "important invisible culture finance" to the UNESCO, applying for it the status as a cultural heritage. It is reported that currently the ROK has ancestral temple memorial ceremony, sacrificial rite music and traditional comic dialog, which have been granted the status as world cultural heritages by the UNESCO. Currently the S. Korean government and Jiang Ling City authority have produced propaganda trailers of 10 minutes and two hours in length respectively, a 150-page application document as well as photos and other materials, applying for the status of "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" as world cultural heritages, the preparatory work of application is now drawing to an end, they are prepared to formally file an application with the UNESCO in September this year. It is reported that UNESTCO will finally decide in July 2005 on whether S. Korea"s "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Ritres" will be granted the status as world cultural heritage.S. Koreans" reaction to China"s "defense of Duan Wu"After Chinese media reported the news about the ROK ready to apply for the staus of Dragon Boat Festival as a world cultural heritage, ROK media gave rapid reaction. Chosun Iibo of the ROK published a commentary saying that although Dragon Boat Festival originated in the story about Qu Yuan in the Chu State of China, the ROK and Japan had designated Duan Wu as festival long ago. S. Korea"s "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" brought together dozens of sacrificial rites and folk customs and games, making them rich and grand farming cultural celebrations which have attracted world attention, that"s why the ROK decided to apply for their status as world cultural heritages.In the opinions of S. Korean scholars, the Dragon Boat Festivals of the ROK and China differ vastly. China"s Dragon Boat Festival contains Dragon Boats offering sacrificial to Qu Yuan, while Jiang Ling, though located by the seaside, doesn"t contain this activity. S. Korea"s Duan Wu Festival contains the activity of worshipping regional renowned figures as patron saints. These scholars pointed out that at the Asia International Folk Customs Symposium in 1997 and the 2002 Seminar concerning the Drgon Boat Festival held by S. Korean, Chinese and Japanese scholars, Chinese scholars acknowledged that Jiang Ling"s Duan Wu customs are different from that of China"s.According to a ROK media report, Liang Ling City and Jiang Ling Cultural Academy will take the disputes sparked by Dragon Boat Festival as an opportunity for them to publicize the actual conditions of Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites to the International community and are ready to gather together experts, professors and other scholars to jointly study and explore countermeasures.------------------------------------------------------------------China"s Dragon Boat Festival and South Korea"s Gangneung Danoje Festival fall on the same day that is the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar.However, the two festivals differ vastly.Legend of Dragon Boat Festival"s originAt the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the area we now know as China had fallen into a state of fragmentation and conflict. While the Zhou dynasty had ruled for several centuries, several other states, originally feudal domains, tried to carve out their own kingdoms. The state of Qin would eventually emerge the victor and unify all of China under one rule for the first time in history.Qu Yuan, a famous poet, served as minister to the Zhou Emperor. A wise and articulate man, he was loved by the common people. He did much to fight against the rampant corruption that plagued the court-- thereby earning the envy and fear of other officials. Therefore, when he urged the emperor to avoid conflict with the Qin Kingdom, the officials pressured the Emperor to have him removed from service. In exile, he traveled, taught and wrote for several years. Hearing that the Zhou had been defeated by the Qin, he fell into despair and threw himself into the Milou River on the fifth day of the fifth month.People were sad over the patriotic poet"s death. They tossed rice and meat into the river to feed the fish, which would protect Qu"s body.Legend of Gangneung Danoje Festival"s originWhen Korea was an agrarian society, people traditionally spent the day enjoying themselves after completing the arduous labor of spring planting and preparing for the summer farming season.Villagers engaged in traditional rituals, such as making offerings of food to their ancestors in the hope for a prosperous harvest. Various events were held on Dano throughout the country, such as "ssirum" or Korean-style wrestling.The highlight of the day was seeing the winning wrestler awarded a bull, possibly the top prize in the agrarian society.Women competed with each other on swings to determine who could swing the highest while standing up, with the winner usually receiving a gold ring. Under the strict Confucian society of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), Dano was a day of release for the community"s women, who were usually kept behind closed doors, but on this day were given official permission to go out to the village gardens.Joseon kings presented folding fans to their subjects on Dano as gifts to help them cool down during the scorching summer heat.Women would add a shine to their jet-black hair by washing it in hot water with boiled iris leaves, a practice especially popular with the younger generations. Later, groups would gather to enjoy "surichi ddeok," a traditional rice cake made with various herbs.Over time, the day was developed and incorporated into the unique festivals of each region after it originated from China about 2,500 years ago.Dragon Boat Festival"s featureZongzi (Chinese rice dumplings)Zongzi, as the traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival, is a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves to give it a special flavor, varies greatly across China.Zongzi is often made of rice mixed with dates in Northern China, because dates are abundant in the area. Eastern China"s Jiaxing County is famous for its pork-stuffed Zongzi. In the southern province of Guangdong, people stuff Zong Zi with pork, ham, chestnuts and other ingredients, making them very rich in flavor. In Sichuan province, Zongzi is usually served with a sugar dressing. Most people still maintain the tradition of eating Zongzi on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.Dragon boat raceDragon boat races are the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat festival, especially in Southern China.A typical dragon boat ranges from 50-100 feet in length, with a beam of about 5.5 feet, accommodating two paddlers seated side by side. It is brightly painted in red, white, yellow and black. A wooden dragon head is attached at the bow, and a dragon tail at the stern. A banner hoisted on a pole is also fastened at the stern. In the center of the boat is a canopied shrine behind which the drummers, gong beaters and cymbal players are seated to set the pace for the paddlers. There are also men positioned at the bow to set off firecrackers, toss rice into the water and pretend to be looking for Qu Yuan. All of the noise and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and spectators alike.Before the race gets underway, a solemn ceremony is held to worship the Dragon King.Dragon boat racing is quite a spectacle, with drums beating, colorful flags waving, and thousands of people cheering on both sides of the river.Races can have any number of boats competing, with the winner being the first team to grab a flag at the end of the course. Annual races take place all over China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other overseas Chinese communities.Gangneung Danoje Festival"s featureGangneung Danoje Festival rooted in Chinese culture also falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the lunar calendar. However, the festival actually lasts for a month from April 5 to May 7 in the lunar calendar. It takes place in the town of Gangneung and its surroundings, situated east of the Taebaek Mountain Range on the Korean peninsula.It is a day when Koreans have prayed for favorable weather for farming and fishing and a good fall harvest.Customs of China"s Dragon Boat FestivalBesides eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats, the Dragon Boat Festival used to have other interesting customs.Ancient Chinese believed the day of Duanwu was unlucky because midsummer was just around the corner. The hot weather used to bring various diseases, which could spread rampantly. Dispelling disease and driving out evil were the main purpose of the festival. People would paste on their front doors pictures of Zhongkui, a legendary Chinese ghost-catcher. People would also use cattail and mugwort leaves to drive away mosquitoes and other insects.Since children are generally the most vulnerable to disease, they received extra care at this special time. Children would wear necklaces or bracelets, made of red, yellow, blue, white and black threads, to keep evil away from them. They would also receive colorful pouches containing fragrant herbal medicines as presents. They hung these around their necks, and would compete with one another to see whose pouch had the finest needlework. Mothers also made sure to bathe their children in water boiled with herbal medicines. Modern science has proven that these medicines are, in fact, quite beneficial to health.Ancient Chinese believed realgar was an antidote for all poisons, and therefore most effective to drive away evil spirits and kill insects. So everyone would drink some realgar wine during the Duanwu Festival, and children would have the Chinese character for "King" written on their foreheads with realgar wine.Customs of South Korea"s Gangneung Danoje Festiv

algerian a. 阿尔及利亚的 amerindian n. 美洲印第安人 amphibian a. 两栖类的,水陆两用的 antediluvian adj. 史前的，陈旧的 antiquarian n. 古物研究者,收集古物者 agrarian a. 有关土地的,耕地的 Arabian adj.阿拉伯的 扩展资料 　　artesian adj.自流的`（井等） 　　Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 　　assyrian a. 亚述人的；n. 亚述人 　　athenian a. 雅典(人)的；n. 雅典人 　　australian n. 澳大利亚人；澳洲人，adj. 澳大利亚的；澳洲的

名词就是词性；系动词简单来说是联系主语和表语的动词，可以翻译为是或不翻译；表语是句子成分，不是单词，因而没有词性。表语可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，表语从句充当。 VI是不及物动词 及物动词和不及物动词是动词的两种不同类型，许多学生使用时容易混淆，现加以区别。 及物动词，也称他动词，外动词，必须带宾语的动词和能够带受事宾语或关系宾语的动词。不及物动词，也称自动词，内动词，不能直接带宾语的动词和能带施事宾语的动词。 及物动词与不及物动词的根本区别是：及物动词能带宾语，如“他买菜”、“写书”、“挖洞”等；不及物动词不能直接带宾语。如“游行”、“出发”、“休息”等，就不能直接带宾语，不能说“游行学生”。 再者，及物动词带的宾语是受事宾语，表示动作行为的对象或结果。例如：妇女也能下河摸鱼，还能放鹅。“摸”和“放”都是及物动词，“鱼”和“鹅”做受事宾语，表示动作行为的对象。再如：我时常写点诗、小小说等。“诗”、“小小说”做及物动词“写”的受事宾语，表示动作行为的结果。不及物动词后不能带表示动作对象或结果的宾语，而且不能只单用一个动词，通常必须带有“了”、“着”、“过”或者趋向的补语，从而构成存现句。不及物动词后的这种宾语叫施事宾语。例如：天空中飘着朵朵白云。用“着”作补语，“朵朵白云”便是施事宾语。 有的动词有两种或多种意义，有的意义可以带宾语，有的意义不能带宾语。如“笑”这个词，在“不要笑我”这个句子中是“嘲笑”的意思，是能带宾语的及物动词，在“他笑了” 这个句子中是“高兴”的意思，是不能带宾语的不及物动词。

【 #英语资源# 导语】勋章代表着荣耀，军装透漏出庄严，钢枪代表着捍卫，军旗绽放出光彩！是你们带给我们和平和安宁，在此建军节，为威武之狮献出崇高的敬意！下面是 整理的内容，希望对你们有帮助！ 1.建军节英语作文范文 　　August 1 Army Day again. It was a fine day with white clouds and even the birds in the trees seemed to be singing. Our courtyard red flag fluttering, the PLA aunts and uncles are wearing new uniforms, everyone happy smiling face, because this day is their own festival. 　　XX years ago today, comrade XXX launched the Nanchang Uprising, since then the revolutionary army continued to develop and grow, from the base area counter-encircled and suppressed, to the long March of 25 thousand li, defeated the Japanese XX bandits, finally defeated the Jiang XX dynasty, the establishment of new China. We can live a happy life today, must not forget those martyrs, without their blood shed, we can not sit in the spacious bright classroom reading. The PLA is always close to our heart. 　　I have always had a wish, grow up must be a glorious PLA soldier. My ideal is to fly our own aircraft, flying in the blue sky of the motherland, guarding our mountains and rivers. In order to realize this ideal, I must study hard on cultural knowledge from now on, and better master revolutionary skills in the future. 　　There are a lot of PLA uncles and aunts in our compound. They heal the wounded and rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism, and cure a lot of people"s diseases. Although they are not in the smoke of the battlefield charge, but in the ordinary post made extraordinary achievements, is also the hero of peace, is also the most lovely people in our times. Every time I see them rescuing a patient, I am filled with admiration. 　　Although we are living a happy life, we should not forget that our Compatriots in Taiwan are still living in dire straits. Our people"s Liberation Army is a not afraid of hardship, two not afraid of death of the team, our national defense force is constantly strengthening, so we will liberate Taiwan, August 1 military flag will also fly high in the motherland treasure island. To that day, I will go to Taiwan to visit children as old as I am, and they sing together "PLA March". 　　XXX taught us: "people do not make me, I do not prisoners, if people make me, I will prisoners." With the Great Wall of steel of the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army, we are sure to defeat any invader"s attack. Our PLA is the largest army in the world. With this army, we can surely liberate two thirds of the suffering of the world, and Intenschonnel will do it! 2.建军节英语作文范文 　　Before what is August 1 army Day, I do not know at all. These days, my father told me a lot about the history and story of the August 1 Army Day, AND I looked at a lot of information on the Internet, and finally understand the meaning of the August 1 Army Day. On August 1, 1927, the former Enemy Committee headed by XXX and XX, XX, XX, XXX and other leaders of the Northern Expedition of 20,000 people. An armed uprising was held in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, the first shot of XXX"s armed resistance in China. Without the Nanchang Uprising, there would have been no victory of the Chinese revolution, new China would not have been born, and we would not be able to live a happy life now. Thinking of this, I could not help feeling awe and gratitude for the dignified and great PLA soldiers. 　　At the moment I understand, why our national flag is red, the original is millions of soldiers with red blood dyed! I stood under the red flag and solemnly saluted -- a red scarf for the noble soldiers of the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army salute! Now I realized how hard it had been to come by our seemingly unpretentious life. To the motherland, to the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army soldiers, parents and elders of gratitude, thank you! Because of you, we are so fresh and beautiful today! Because of you, my life is colorful! Because of you, we can grow up healthily and make progress every day! 　　At this moment, I understand the TV, the network reported "XX to occupy our XXX", "XXX, XX to occupy our XXX island" and other news is true. At this moment, I finally understand the father said "backward will be beaten" truth: because our country"s economic strength up, the naval strength is not strong enough, was bullied by the weak countries! 　　 　　On the eve of the August 1 Army Day, I aspire to study well, exercise, study hard skills, grow up to serve the motherland, fight against invaders, protect the country, let more people live a happy life! 3.建军节英语作文范文 　　The PLA Army Day is a commemorative festival in China. It is held on August 1 every year. XXX after his betrayal of the revolution in April 1927, the Chinese workers party to save the revolution, workers in China in this year"s August 1 is produced under the leadership of the party committee of frustrated, by XXX, XXX, XXX, XXX and XXX comrade led the work of the party affected the northern expeditionary army more than 30000 people, in nanchang of jiangxi province held an armed uprising, the kuomintang (KMT) * fired the first shot. In April 1928, the uprising troops arrived in Jinggangshan, and the troops led by XXX successfully joined forces and formed the Red Army of Chinese workers and Peasants. From then on, the revolutionary Chinese Industrial Party belonging to the people under the leadership of XXXX was established, and gradually developed and grew into today"s Chinese People"s Liberation Army. Therefore, August 1st was designated as the Army Day. 　　On June 26, 1933, the XX Bureau in the Soviet Area, the leading organ of the CPC in the revolutionary base areas, made the "Decision of the Central Bureau on August 1 International Day of Anti-War Struggle and commemoration of the establishment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army" according to the suggestion of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. On June 30 of the same year, the Central XXXXXX Committee issued an order concerning the decision of August 1 as the Anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Workers" and Peasants" Red Army, pointing out that: "On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang uprising led by the communist Party, a proletarian political party, took place. This violent movement was the beginning of the agrarian revolution against imperialism and the source of the heroic red army of workers and peasants." On July 11, the people"s Committee of the Central Government, the central authority in the revolutionary base area, held its 46th meeting and decided to "approve the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and set August 1 as the Anniversary of the Chinese Workers and Peasants" Red Army every year". And pointed out that "The Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants gradually grew up in the struggle from the XX uprising". Provisions "in this year"s "August 1, the Red Army Day awarded the battle flag in the Red Army regiment, at the same time awarded the award in the leadership of the southern XX movement responsible comrades and the Red Army commanders and combatants have special meritorious service", "the development of the Red Army family outstanding certificate". 　　Since then, every "August 1" army Day, to carry out the activities of military support and superior families. After the formation of the Chinese People"s Liberation Army, still "August 1" as the army Day. 4.建军节英语作文范文 　　Today is August 1 Army Day, my father took our sister and brother to climb the mountain, I listen to say "I don"t want to climb the mountain!" Dad had no choice but to make a posture of meditation. Well, it looks like I"m going to have to take another moral lesson. 　　Sure enough, the moral lesson began: "Yingying, you once went to the lecture of The Red Journey. You must be familiar with the word "Red Army", right? Do you remember how they climbed the snowy mountains and crossed the meadows?" I quickly nodded, said: "Remember remember! At that time, but after a long journey through mountains and rivers, through untold hardships! I heard that the earth, cloth shoes as a meal." Is ah! The Red Army uncles ate only one or two meals a day, or even went without food for several days. Their stomachs were empty." "Goodness!" The younger brother"s eyes widened and his mouth formed an O. "How can I bear this?" "It"s like you, screaming after skipping a meal! The Red Army is still facing greater hardship! Their long march lasted about two years and covered about 25,000 kilometers! Twenty-five thousand kilometers! Equivalent to climbing dozens of such Huangshan ah! Not only to face the cold and heat, but also to intercept and chase the enemy!" I looked at my brother with disdain and proudly showed off what I had learned from the lecture. "How do you compare yourself to the Reds?" Dad looked at me playfully. My face turned red. 　　"Oh, I know, I know! I am not afraid of difficulties, a small red army! I"m a little red army!" The younger brother shouted excitedly into the valley. "Rightness! I also want to be a little red army, I also want to be not afraid of difficulties!" Affected by the younger brother, I also shouted at the valley: "Red army uncle, we want to be the little red army! We also want to be the little Red army!" 　　Uncle Red Army, do you hear that? Your heroic deeds are celebrated; Uncle Red Army, did you see it? How many people walk the way you did, the trials and tribulations you have faced; Uncle Red Army, do you feel it? Your spirit of self-improvement and optimism has been carried forward on us, and your lofty image has been deeply imprinted on the hearts of the people. And we, like you, will bear hardships and stand hard work, brave and forge ahead, vowed to do the new era of the "little red army"! 5.建军节英语作文范文 　　"There are clusters of olive green in the place where the morning glow flows, and the grassland is peaceful with the steps of youth in my time. The responsibility of soldiers is condensed in the sacred sentry post, and I never have a rest in the days and months covered with wind and rain..." What a touching song it is! Whenever this beautiful melody waves in my ears, I always think of the group in olive green. 　　Every day, in the green camp will spread a loud slogan: "one, two, three, four! One two three four!" "Blood, sweat, no tears! Drop skin drop flesh not to fall behind!" A brief slogan, it is said their hearts: serve the people wholeheartedly! To the motherland and the people to hand over a satisfactory answer! Every soldier since the beginning of the army, it is no longer the "little master" of the family, they should always remember their mission, for the motherland and the people struggle for life! They begin the transformation from caterpillar to butterfly, they will become a real soldier, a real man! 　　You may have seen soldiers in the parade field valiant valiant posture, but you know soldiers in the practice field suffering? In the winter, the ground is covered with a thick layer of snow, people are freezing wearing thick cotton-padded jacket, wrapped himself in it, but the olive green, they do not wear a coat, bare arms, ground teeth creeping in the snow, in the above practice; Special forces will crawl in the mud, but also from time to time there are officers with a faucet directly into the water to them, these water for them are commonplace... I did not see them shrink back to tears, but they were in the mud dyed black face revealed rows of white teeth, they are so optimistic, this is their unique accomplishment! 　　They sacrifice themselves, they shed their youth sweat, they are all for the happiness of the people and the security of the motherland. The flag is above life in the eyes of the guard. Peng Kai, a soldier, once passed by a department store in Beijing and saw a corner of the national flag on the roof broken. He immediately went to the store owner and told him about the national flag. The owner was so convinced that he immediately changed a new national flag. The Flag guards are proving it with their actions! 　　That olive green on the body, let how many people naturally produced the heart of worship to the soldier, the heroic appearance when stepping goose-step, let how many people focus on distant hope. Solemn solemn sonorous and powerful slogan neat and uniform action, leaving a person is a perfect feeling. 　　Here, let"s salute the loveliest person of the 21st century!

1. A total of2.XX, XX, XX tenant in common3. The state / private4. Residential5.XX Hill6. The right person7. Premises located8. Agrarian situation9. Ownership of properties10. Uses11. To No.12. Drawing No.13. Land Level14. Lifespan15. Usable area16. A total area of17. Exclusive use area18. Sharing Area19. Which share an area of20. Housing status21. Proprietary nature of the22. Construction area23. Building Number24. Building No.25. Room number or location26. Types27. New Workshops28. Structure29. Reinforced Concrete30. Storeys31. Completion Date32. Area Unit: square meters33. Real estate other rights Summary34. The right kind35. Purchase the stock of housing mortgage36. Other rights that number37. The right to the value of38. Surviving Date39. Excursus Information40.XX Real Estate Registry

ag,act 做，驱动 agent代理人 active活动的，积极的 agr 农田 agriculture农业 agrarian田地的 am 爱，亲爱 amicable友善的 amiable和蔼可亲的 anim 心灵，精神，生命 animal动物 animate有生命的 ann，enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世纪的 astro 星 astronomy天文学 astronaut宇宙航行员 audi 听 audience听众 audible听得见的 bell 战争 rebellion反叛，反抗 bellicose好战的 bio 生命，生物 biology生物学 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短 brevity 简短 abbreviate缩短，节略 cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任 cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出现，发生 current流通的 cycl 圆，环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风 di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者 dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示 duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱 ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃 fact 做，制 factory工厂 manufacture制造，加工 fer 带,拿 transfer转移 ferry渡船 flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒 form 形式，外形 transform改变 formula公式 fract,frag破，折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的 fus 倾，注，溶化 fusion熔解 effuse泻出 gen 起源 generate使产生 genetic遗传的 geo 地球，土地 geography地理 geology地质学 grad 步，走，级 gradual逐步的 graduate毕业 gram 写，记录 diagram图表 program节目单，方案 graph 写,画，记录 photograph照像 autograph亲笔，手稿 gress 行走 progress进步 retrogress后退 hap 机会，运气，偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸 hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好客的，殷勤的 insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔绝，孤立 hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓 ject 投，掷，抛 eject射出 project投射 junct 连接，结合 conjunction连接词 adjunct附属物 lect,leg,lig 挑选，采集 lect 选举 selection选举 eligible合格的，合适的 lev 举，升 elevator电梯 lever杠杆 liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主义的 lingu 语言 linguist语言学家 bilingual两种语言的 liter 文字，字母 literate识字的 literature文学 loc 地方 local当地的 locate使座落于 log 词，语言，讲演 dialogue对话 logic逻辑 loqu 说话 eloquent雄辩的 colloquial口语的，会话的 manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的，用手的 medi 中间 medium中等的 mediation居中调解 memor 记忆，记住的 memory记忆 memorial纪念日，纪念物 milit 兵 military军事的 militant战斗性的 min 少，小 inority少数 diminish减少，减小 mob,mot,mov 移动 mobile活动的 motion运动 immovable不可移动的 mort 死亡 mortal终有一死的 mortician承办殡葬的人 nov 新 novel小说 novelty新奇 numer 数 numeral数字的 numerous为数众多的 oper 工作 operate操作 coue011operate合作 opt 视线，光线 optic视力的 optics光学 path 感情，苦楚，疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可怜的 pel 推，逐，驱 expel驱逐 repel击退，反击，抵抗 pend,pen 悬挂 depend依靠 pendent悬空的 phon 声音 microphone扩音器 telephone电话 plen 满，全 plenty充足，大量 plentitude丰富，充足 pon,pos 放置 postpone推迟 position位置sens,sent 感觉 sensation感觉 sentiment感情 sol 太阳 solar太阳的 parasol阳伞 spec 看 spectacle光景，景象 prospect展望 spir 呼吸，生命 conspire共谋 inspire吸气，鼓舞 tact,tang,tag 接触 intact未接触的 tangible可接触的 tail 切，割 tailor裁缝 retail零售 tain,ten,tin 保持，握，容纳 contain容纳 obtain取得,sustain支持 tect 掩，盖 detect侦察 发觉,detective侦探的 tele 远 telescope望远镜 telegram电报 tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸开，扩展 extensive广阔的

Agriculture

　　人文就是人类文化中的先进部分和核心部分，即先进的价值观及其规范。其集中体现是：重视人，尊重人，关心人，爱护人。简而言之，人文，即重视人的文化。那么你知道吗?下面来学习一下吧。 　　人文的英语说法1： 　　humanity 　　人文的英语说法2： 　　Liberal Arts 　　人文的相关短语： 　　人文关怀 humanistic concern ; humanistic care 　　人文艺术 Humanities ; Arts ; 　　人文内涵 humanistic intension 　　人文知识 General Knowledge 　　人文研究 humanistic studies 　　人文的英语例句： 　　1. to be elected to fellowship of the British Academy 　　当选为英国人文社会科学院的院士 　　2. She has a background in humanities and modern languages. 　　她学过人文学科和现代语言. 　　3. Like the Humanists or the Agrarians, he has always thought tradition important. 　　一如人文主义者和重农派, 他一贯认为传统是重要的. 　　4. London was the biggest aggregation of human life. 　　伦敦是人文荟萃之区. 　　5. We see all human institutions grow and change. 　　我们看到一切人文制度的生长和变化. 　　6. The medieval universities generally had four faculties: theology, law, medicine and the liberal arts. 　　中世纪大学一般由四个学院组成: 神学院 、 法学院 、 医学院和人文学院. 　　7. In many cases, a study of arts was taken as a preliminary to the other faculties. 　　在许多情况下, 人文学科被视为进入其他学院的预科. 　　8. In jurisprudence, science, and the arts, man has revealed the boundless magnitude of his mind. 　　在法学 、 科学和人文学科方面, 人类显示出来的智慧也是博大无边的. 　　9. London was " the biggest aggregation of human life - the most plete pendium of the world ". 　　伦敦是 “ 人文荟萃之区,全球最完备的缩影 ”. 　　10. Humanist education was based on the study of poetry, grammar, ethicsandrhetoric. 　　人文教育的基础是研究诗歌, 语法, 职业道德和言论. 　　11. Marginalized in the humanistic quality of education will face a new crisis. 　　处在边缘化的人文素质教育将面临新的危机. 　　12. Human geography has a good advantage is an elegant garden - like school environments. 　　具有良好的人文地理优势,是一所环境优雅的花园式学校. 　　13. South ditch Xu enchanting natural scenery, abundant human resources and rmation. 　　沟南许地自然景色迷人, 人文资源底蕴丰厚. 　　14. Lampeter has a special focus on the humanities and social sciences. 　　兰姆斯特特别注重于人文和社会科学. 　　15. Presently , entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence - creating are the sublimation of the spirit. 　　在新的历史条件下, “创业创新创优”的三创精神是新时期江苏人文精神的升华.

1. abol=to do away with废除 abolish废除2. ab-sum=not present离开 absent不在3. abyssys=bottom底 abyss深渊4. ac=an oak栎属植物 acorn橡树子5. acer=a field原野 acre英亩6. acer=sharp尖锐的 acerbity酸7. acidus=sour发酸 acid酸8. acu=sharpen削尖 acumen敏锐9. aedes=a house住宅 edifice屋宇10. aequus=equal相等的 equal平等的11. aer=air空气 aerate充气12. aer=before以前 ere在…之前13. aesth=feel发觉 aesthete审美家14. aestimo=to value估价 esteem尊重15. aeternus=of endless duration永久的 eternity永恒16. aevum=age年龄 coeval同年代的17. afen=evening晚上 eve黄昏18. afre=always永远 ever永远19. ag=act行动 agency力量20. agan=to own承认 owe感谢21. aggelos=a messenger通信员 angel天使22. agger=heap堆积 exaggerate夸大23. ago=lead引导 pedagog教师24. ago=to do做 agile敏捷的25. agon=contest争夺 agonal濒死26. agr=field原野 agrarian土地的27. aither=burn烧 ether太空28. alb=white白的 alb白长袍29. ali=another又一 alias别名30. alo=to nourish营养 aliment食物31. alt=high高的 alter祭坛32. alter=the other of tow两者的另外一个 alter改变33. ambio=I go round about我在周围到处走 ambition抱负34. ambulo=I walk我步行 preamble序言35. amo=I love我爱 amiable可亲的36. ampl=wide广大 ample广大的37. an=one一个 any什么38. ancestre=one who goes before走在先前的人 ancestor祖宗39. ancien=old古代的 ancient古代的40. anemos=wind风 enemograph风速计41. angl=a corner角 angle角42. ango=to choke呛 anguish苦恼43. anim=breath呼吸 animal动物44. anism=mind心 animosity敌意45. ann=year年 annual周年的46. answer=to declare in opposition回答 answer up应对迅速47. anth=flower花 anthology选集48. anthropos=man人 anthropocentric以人类为宇宙中心的49. antiqunus=ancient古代的 antic古怪的50. apell=call by name叫 appeal要求还有好多好多。。。给个邮箱吧

http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html

那不就多了去了吗这样的词不胜枚举

　　人文就是人类 文化 中的先进部分和核心部分，即先进的价值观及其规范。其集中体现是：重视人，尊重人，关心人，爱护人。简而言之，人文，即重视人的文化。那么你知道人文用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。 　　人文的英语说法1： 　　humanity 　　人文的英语说法2： 　　Liberal Arts 　　人文的相关 短语 ： 　　人文关怀 humanistic concern ; humanistic care 　　人文艺术 Humanities ; Arts ; 　　人文内涵 humanistic intension 　　人文知识 General Knowledge 　　人文研究 humanistic studies 　　人文的英语例句： 　　1. to be elected to fellowship of the British Academy 　　当选为英国人文社会科学院的院士 　　2. She has a background in humanities and modern languages. 　　她学过人文学科和现代语言. 　　3. Like the Humanists or the Agrarians, he has always thought tradition important. 　　一如人文主义者和重农派, 他一贯认为传统是重要的. 　　4. London was the biggest aggregation of human life. 　　伦敦是人文荟萃之区. 　　5. We see all human institutions grow and change. 　　我们看到一切人文制度的生长和变化. 　　6. The medieval universities generally had four faculties: theology, law, medicine and the liberal arts. 　　中世纪大学一般由四个学院组成: 神学院 、 法学院 、 医学院和人文学院. 　　7. In many cases, a study of arts was taken as a preliminary to the other faculties. 　　在许多情况下, 人文学科被视为进入其他学院的预科. 　　8. In jurisprudence, science, and the arts, man has revealed the boundless magnitude of his mind. 　　在法学 、 科学和人文学科方面, 人类显示出来的智慧也是博大无边的. 　　9. London was " the biggest aggregation of human life - the most complete compendium of the world ". 　　伦敦是 “ 人文荟萃之区,全球最完备的缩影 ”. 　　10. Humanist education was based on the study of poetry, grammar, ethicsandrhetoric. 　　人文 教育 的基础是研究诗歌, 语法, 职业道德和言论. 　　11. Marginalized in the humanistic quality of education will face a new crisis. 　　处在边缘化的人文素质教育将面临新的危机. 　　12. Human geography has a good advantage is an elegant garden - like school environments. 　　具有良好的人文地理优势,是一所环境优雅的花园式学校. 　　13. South ditch Xu enchanting natural scenery, abundant human resources and information. 　　沟南许地自然景色迷人, 人文资源底蕴丰厚. 　　14. Lampeter has a special focus on the humanities and social sciences. 　　兰姆斯特特别注重于人文和社会科学. 　　15. Presently , entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence - creating are the sublimation of the spirit. 　　在新的历史条件下, “创业创新创优”的三创精神是新时期江苏人文精神的升华.

车子还是可以的，这是一款SUV车型，车子的外表不算很好很多人接受不了，但这款车子的驾驶性很好。

　　是笔记本的独立显卡。 　　ATI HD4500参数如下： 　　1、核心频率800MHz。 　　2、拥有120个流处理器。 　　3、支持DX10、1、SM4、1、PowerPlay 2、0、游戏物理加速、动态几何加速、24X CFAA反锯齿等技术。 　　4、使用了新版视频解码引擎（Unified Video Decoder 2、2 ）UVD 2、2，强化了高清视频播放功能。 　　5、支持新一代影片输出格式。

忘情水。。。。

小心蜥蜴人.

超级采样抗锯齿（SSAA）超级采样抗锯齿（Super-Sampling Anti-aliasing，简称SSAA）此是早期抗锯齿方法，比较消耗资源，但简单直接，先把图像映射到缓存并把它放大，再用超级采样把放大后的图像像素进行采样，一般选取2个或4个邻近像素，把这些采样混合起来后，生成的最终像素，令每个像素拥有邻近像素的特征，像素与像素之间的过渡色彩，就变得近似，令图形的边缘色彩过渡趋于平滑。再把最终像素还原回原来大小的图像，并保存到帧缓存也就是显存中，替代原图像存储起来，最后输出到显示器，显示出一帧画面。这样就等于把一幅模糊的大图，通过细腻化后再缩小成清晰的小图。如果每帧都进行抗锯齿处理，游戏或中的所有画面都带有抗锯齿效果。而将图像映射到缓存并把它放大时，放大的倍数被用于分别抗锯齿的效果。多重采样抗锯齿（MSAA）多重采样抗锯齿（MultiSampling Anti-Aliasing，简称MSAA）是一种特殊的超级采样抗锯齿（SSAA）。MSAA首先来自于OpenGL。具体是MSAA只对Z缓存（Z-Buffer）和模板缓存(Stencil Buffer)中的数据进行超级采样抗锯齿的处理。可以简单理解为只对多边形的边缘进行抗锯齿处理。这样的话，相比SSAA对画面中所有数据进行处理，MSAA对资源的消耗需求大大减弱，不过在画质上可能稍有不如SSAA。覆盖采样抗锯齿（CSAA）覆盖采样抗锯齿（CoverageSampling Anti-Aliasing，简称CSAA）是nVidia在G80及其衍生产品首次推向实用化的AA技术，也是目前nVidia GeForce 8/9/G200系列独享的AA技术。CSAA就是在MSAA基础上更进一步的节省显存使用量及带宽，简单说CSAA就是将边缘多边形里需要取样的子像素坐标覆盖掉，把原像素坐标强制安置在硬件和驱动程序预先算好的坐标中。这就好比取样标准统一的MSAA，能够最高效率的执行边缘取样，效能提升非常的显著。比方说16xCSAA取样性能下降幅度仅比4xMSAA略高一点，处理效果却几乎和8xMSAA一样。8xCSAA有着4xMSAA的处理效果，性能消耗却和2xMSAA相同。可编程过滤抗锯齿(CFAA)可编程过滤抗锯齿（Custom Filter Anti-Aliasing）技术起源于AMD-ATI的R600家庭。简单地说CFAA就是扩大取样面积的MSAA，比方说之前的MSAA是严格选取物体边缘像素进行缩放的，而CFAA则可以通过驱动和谐灵活地选择对影响锯齿效果较大的像素进行缩放，以较少的性能牺牲换取平滑效果。显卡资源占用也比较小。快速近似抗锯齿(FXAA)快速近似抗锯齿(Fast Approximate Anti-Aliasing) 它是传统MSAA(多重采样抗锯齿)效果的一种高性能近似值。它是一种单程像素着色器，和MLAA一样运行于目标游戏渲染管线的后期处理阶段，但不像后者那样使用DirectCompute，而只是单纯的后期处理着色器，不依赖于任何GPU计算API。正因为如此，FXAA技术对显卡没有特殊要求，完全兼容NVIDIA、AMD的不同显卡(MLAA仅支持A卡)和DX9、DX10、DX11。时间性抗锯齿（TXAA）TXAA 抗锯齿: 比 MSAA 和 FXAA 以及 CSAA 的画质更高，制作CG电影的电影制片厂会在抗锯齿方面花费大量的计算资源，从而可确保观众不会因不逼真的锯齿状线条而分心。如果想要让游戏接近这种级别的保真度，那么开发商需要全新的抗锯齿技术，不但要减少锯齿状的线条，而且要减少锯齿状闪烁情形，同时还不降低性能。为了便于开发商实现这种保真度的提升，英伟达设计了画质更高的抗锯齿模式，名为TXAA.该模式专为直接集成到游戏引擎中而设计。与CG电影中所采用的技术类似，TXAA集MSAA的强大功能与复杂的解析滤镜于一身，可呈现出更加平滑的图像效果，远远超越了所有同类技术。此外，TXAA还能够对帧之间的整个场景进行抖动采样，以减少闪烁情形，闪烁情形在技术上又称作时间性锯齿。目前，TXAA有两种模式：TXAA 2X和TXAA 4X。TXAA 2X可提供堪比8X MSAA的视觉保真度，然而所需性能却与2XMSAA相类似；TXAA 4X的图像保真度胜过8XMSAA，所需性能仅仅与4X MSAA相当。多帧采样抗锯齿（MFAA）英伟达根据MSAA改进出的一种抗锯齿技术。目前只有使用麦克斯韦架构GPU的显卡才可以使用。在 Maxwell 上，英伟达推出了用于光栅化的可编程采样位置，它们被存储在随机存取存储器 (RAM) 中。如此一来便为更灵活、更创新的全新抗锯齿技术创造了机会，这类抗锯齿技术能够独特地解决现代游戏引擎所带来的难题，例如高画质抗锯齿对性能的更高要求。只要在NVIDIA控制面板里为程序开启MFAA并在游戏中选择MSAA就可以开启。画面表现明显强于同级别的MSAA，这种全新抗锯齿技术在提升边缘画质的同时能够将性能代价降至最低。通过在时间和空间两方面交替使用抗锯齿采样格式，4xMFAA 的性能代价仅相当于 2xMSAA，但是抗锯齿效果却与 4xMSAA 相当。

歌曲名:Beware Of Darkness歌手:Joe Cocker专辑:Hymn For My SoulWatch out now, take careBeware of falling swingersDropping all around youThe pain that often minglesIn your fingertipsBeware of darknessWatch out now, take careBeware of the thoughts that lingerWinding up inside your headThe hopelessness around youIn the dead of nightBeware of sadnessIt can hit youIt can hurt youMake you sore and what is moreThat is not what you are here forWatch out now, take careBeware of soft shoe shufflersDancing down the sidewalksAs each unconscious suffererWanders aimlesslyBeware of mayahttp://music.baidu.com/song/2644920

显卡的结构和工作原理 显卡是目前大家最为关注的电脑配件之一了，他的性能好坏直接关系到显示性能的好坏及图像表现力的优劣等等。然而许多初学者对显卡这个东西并不是十分了解的，下面笔者搜集了一批资料并以图解的形式对显卡结构做一简单的介绍，希望你看后能对显卡有一定的了解。 显卡的基本结构 显卡的主要部件包括:显示芯片，显示内存，RAMDAC等。 显示芯片:一般来说显卡上最大的芯片就是显示芯片，显示芯片的质量高低直接决定了显示卡的优劣，作为处理数据的核心部件，显示芯片可以说是显示卡上的CPU，一般的显示卡大多采用单芯片设计，而专业显卡则往往采用多个显示芯片。由于3D浪潮席卷全球，很多厂家已经开始在非专业显卡上采用多芯片的制造技术，以求全面提高显卡速度和档次。 显示内存:与系统主内存一样，显示内存同样也是用来进行数据存放的，不过储存的只是图像数据而已，我们都知道主内存容量越大，存储数据速度就越快，整机性能就越高。同样道理，显存的大小也直接决定了显卡的整体性能，显存容量越大，分辨率就越高。 一：结构--全面了解显示卡(一) 一.图解显示卡。 1.线路板。 显卡的线路板是显卡的母体，显卡上的所有元器件必须以此为生。目前显卡的线路板一般采用的是6层PCB线路板或4层PCB线路板，如果再薄，那么这款显卡的性能及稳定性将大打折扣。另外，大家可看见显卡的下面有一组“金手指”（显示卡接口），它有ISA/PCI/AGP等规范，它是用来将显卡插入主板上的显卡插槽内的。当然，为了让显卡和主机更好的固定，显卡上需要有一块固定片；为了让显卡和显示器及电视等输入输出设备相连，各种信号输出输入接口也是必不可少的。 2.显卡上常见的元器件。 现在的显卡随着技术上的进步，其采用的元器件是越来越少越来越小巧。下面我们给大家介绍几种显卡上常见的元器件。 a.主芯片：主芯片是显示卡的灵魂。可以说采用何种主显示芯片便决定了这款显示卡性能上的高低。目前常见的显卡主芯片主要有nVidia系列及ATI系列等等，如Geforce2 GTS，Geforce2 MX，Geforce3，ATI Radeon等。此外，由于现在的显卡频率越来越高工作时发热量也越来越大，许多厂家在显卡出厂家已给其加上了一个散热风扇。 b.显存：显存也是必不可少的。现在的显卡一般采用的是SDRAM，SGRAM，DDR三种类别的显存，以前常见的EDO等类别的显存已趋淘汰。它们的差别是--SGRAM显存芯片四面皆有焊脚，SDRAM显存只有两边有焊脚，而DDR显存除了芯片表面标记和前两者不同外，那就是芯片厚度要比前两者明显薄。 c.电容电阻：电容电阻是组成显卡不能或缺的东西。显卡采用的常见的电容类型有电解电容，钽电容等等，前者发热量较大，特别是一些伪劣电解电容更是如此，它们对显卡性能影响较大，故许多名牌显卡纷纷抛弃直立的电解电容，而采用小巧的钽电容来获得性能上的提升。电阻也是如此，以前常见的金属膜电阻碳膜电阻越来越多的让位于贴片电阻。 d.供电电路：供电电路是将来自主板的电流调整后供显卡更稳定的工作。由于显示芯片越造越精密，也给显卡的供电电路提出了更高的要求，在供电电路中各种优良的稳压电路元器件采用是少不了的。 e.FLASH ROM：存放显卡BIOS文件的地方。 f.其它：除此之外，显卡上还有向显卡内部提供数/模转换时钟频率的晶振等小元器件。 全面了解显示卡 PCB板 PCB板是一块显卡的基础，所有的元件都要集成在PCB板上，所以PCB板也影响着显卡的质量。目前显卡主要采用黄色和绿色PCB板，而蓝色、黑色、红色等也有出现，虽然颜色并不影响性能，但它们在一定程度上会影响到显卡出厂检验时的误差率。另外，目前不少显卡采用4层板设计，而一些做工精良的大厂产品多采用了6层PCB板，抗干扰性能要好很多。PCB板的好坏直接影响显示的稳定性。 显示芯片 我们在显示卡上见到的“个头”最大的芯片就是显示芯片，它们往往被散热片和风扇遮住本来面目，显示芯片专门负责图像处理。常见的家用型显卡一般都带有一枚显示芯片，但也有多芯片并行处理的显卡，比如ATI RAGE MAXX和大名鼎鼎的3dfx Voodoo5系列显卡。 显示芯片按照功能来说主要分为“2D”（如S3 64v+）“3D”(如3dfx Voodoo)和"2D+3D"（如Geforce MX）几种，目前流行的主要是2D+3D的显示芯片。 位（bit指的是显示芯片支持的显存数据宽度，较大的带宽可以使芯片在一个周期内传送更多的信息，从而提高显卡的性能。现在流行的显示芯片多位128位和256位，也有一小部分64位芯片显卡。“位”是显示芯片性能的一项重要指标，但我们并不能按照数字倍数简单判定速度差异。 显示内存 显存也是显卡的重要组成部分，而且显存质量、速度、带宽等的重要性已经越来越明显。显存是用来存储等待处理的图形数据信息的，分辨率越高，屏幕上显示的像素点也越多，相应所需显存容量也较大。而对于目前的3D加速卡来说，则需要更多的显存来存储Z-Buffer数据或材质数据等。 我们知道，在显卡工作中，显示芯片将所处理的图形数据信息传送到显存中，随后RAMDAC从显存中读取数据并将数字信号转化为模拟信号，输出到显示器上。所以，显存的速度及数据传输带宽直接影响了显卡的速度。数据传输带宽是指显存一个周期内可以读入的数据量影响显卡的速度。显存容量决定了显卡支持的分辨率、色深，而刷新率由RAMDAC决定。 显存可以分为两大类：单端口显存和双端口显存。前者从显示芯片读取数据及向RAMDAC传输数据经过同一端口，数据的读写和传输无法同时进行；顾名思义，双端口显存则可以同时进行数据的读写与传输。目前主要流行的显存有SDRAM、SGRAM、DDR RAM、VRAM、WRAM等。 RAMDAC（数/模转换器） RAMDAC作用是将显存中的数字信号转换成显示器能够识别的模拟信号，速度用“MHz”表示，速度越快，图像越稳定，它决定了显卡能够支持的最高刷新频率。我们通常在显卡上见不到RAMDAC模块，那是因为厂商将RAMDAC整合到显示芯片中以降低成本，不过仍有部分高档显卡采用了独立的RAMDAC芯片。 VGA BIOS VGA BIOS存在于Flash ROM中，包含了显示芯片和驱动程序间的控制程序、产品标识等信息。我们常见的Flsah ROM编号有29、39（见图1）和49开头的3种，这几种芯片都可以通过专用程序进行升级，改善显卡性能，甚至可以给显卡带来改头换面的效果。

高慧君&伊雪莉 - 高兴就好高兴就好 Dala Dala Dala Dala高兴就好 Dala Dala Dala Dala(伊)我心情不好 快点出来陪我聊聊(伊)我心情不好 快点出来陪我聊聊难道说我的要求太高难道说我的要求太高谈一个恋爱谈一个恋爱男生怎么教才知道 知道 知道 我快受不了男生怎么教才知道 知道 知道 我快受不了(高)一个人无聊 谈了恋爱也很糟糕(高)一个人无聊 谈了恋爱也很糟糕真命天子要哪里去找真命天子要哪里去找我看就不如这样我看就不如这样教不会的人我们干脆 干脆 就不要教不会的人我们干脆 干脆 就不要千万别丢掉做女生的骄傲千万别丢掉做女生的骄傲(合)只要你高兴就好(合)只要你高兴就好(合)只要你高兴就好何必跟他吵吵闹闹何必跟他吵吵闹闹何必跟他吵吵闹闹想东 想西 总是寻烦恼想东 想西 总是寻烦恼想东 想西 总是寻烦恼要他开窍 才能对你比较好要他开窍 才能对你比较好只要你高兴好只要你高兴好只要你高兴好自由自在不必报告自由自在不必报告自由自在不必报告自己心疼自己最可靠自己心疼自己最可靠天大地大快乐我们要慢慢找 慢慢找天大地大快乐我们要慢慢找 慢慢找天大地大快乐我们要慢慢找 慢慢找天大地大快乐我们要慢慢找 慢慢找高兴就好只要你高兴就好 LaLa......只要你高兴就好 LaLa......高兴就好 Lala......

歌曲名:Beware Of The Dog Ii歌手:Kevin Ayers专辑:Rainbow TakeawayListen to meDo you know how much you want it?You"re trying to be cool about itYou"re trying to big about itYou"re constantly just denyingYou"re like a moth to a flameYou hardly waneBut listen "cos I know what I"m sayingHe"s trying to catch you in itAnd then he"ll back you in itCos he"s just another girl addictAnd if you give it awayYou"ve gotta be crazyStop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!I was damn near addictedI got into trouble with him, I got in the bubble with himEverything was just how he wantedOh but then I got wiseI got out of sightSo take me adviseStop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!Stop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!I know you hear meI know you hear me - I KNOW YOU HEAR ME!Arr! Arr!You better reach out and touch me!(Reach out and touch me)Stop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!Stop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!Stop!You better shake him offBefore he gets ya(He"s coming to getcha, he"s coming to getcha)Stop!He"ll only build you upAnd then he"ll getchaHe"s dirty to the bone - beware of the dog!Beware of the dog...Beware of the dog...Beware of the dog...Beware of the dog...http://music.baidu.com/song/2933794

抗锯齿（Anti-aliasing）：标准翻译为”抗图像折叠失真“。由于在3D图像中，受分辨的制约，物体边缘总会或多或少的呈现三角形的锯齿，而抗锯齿就是指对图像边缘进行柔化处理，使图像边缘看起来更平滑，更接近实物的物体。超级采样抗锯齿（SSAA）　　超级采样抗锯齿（Super-Sampling Anti-aliasing，简称SSAA）此是早期抗锯齿方法，比较消耗资源，但简单直接，先把图像映射到缓存并把它放大，再用超级采样把放大后的图像像素进行采样，一般选取2个或4个邻近像素，把这些采样混合起来后，生成的最终像素，令每个像素拥有邻近像素的特征，像素与像素之间的过渡色彩，就变得近似，令图形的边缘色彩过渡趋于平滑。再把最终像素还原回原来大小的图像，并保存到帧缓存也就是显存中，替代原图像存储起来，最后输出到显示器，显示出一帧画面。这样就等于把一幅模糊的大图，通过细腻化后再缩小成清晰的小图。如果每帧都进行抗锯齿处理，游戏或视频中的所有画面都带有抗锯齿效果。而将图像映射到缓存并把它放大时，放大的倍数被用于分别抗锯齿的效果，AA后面的x2、x4、x8就是原图放大的倍数。 超级采样抗锯齿中使用的采样法一般有两种： 　　顺序栅格超级采样（Ordered Grid Super-Sampling，简称OGSS），采样时选取2个邻近像素。旋转栅格超级采样（Rotated Grid Super-Sampling，简称RGSS），采样时选取4个邻近像素。多重采样抗锯齿（MSAA）　　多重采样抗锯齿（MultiSampling Anti-Aliasing，简称MSAA）是一种特殊的超级采样抗锯齿（SSAA）。MSAA首先来自于OpenGL。具体是MSAA只对Z缓存（Z-Buffer）和模板缓存(Stencil Buffer)中的数据进行超级采样抗锯齿的处理。可以简单理解为只对多边形的边缘进行抗锯齿处理。这样的话，相比SSAA对画面中所有数据进行处理，MSAA对资源的消耗需求大大减弱，不过在画质上可能稍有不如SSAA。覆盖采样抗锯齿（CSAA）　　覆盖采样抗锯齿（CoverageSampling Anti-Aliasing，简称CSAA）是nVidia G80系列出现时一并出现的抗锯齿技术。它的原理是将边缘多边形里需要采样的子像素坐标覆盖掉，抒原像素坐标强制安置在硬件和驱动程序预告算好的坐标中。这就好比采样标准统一的MSAA，能够最高效率地运行边缘采样，交通提升非常明显，同时资源占用也比较低。可编程过滤抗锯齿(CFAA)　　可编程过滤抗锯齿（Custom Filter Anti-Aliasing）技术起源于AMD-ATI的R600家庭。简单地说CFAA就是扩大取样面积的MSAA，比方说之前的MSAA是严格选取物体边缘像素进行缩放的，而CFAA则可以通过驱动和谐灵活地选择对影响锯齿效果较大的像素进行缩放，以较少的性能牺牲换取平滑效果。显卡资源占用也比较小。

水晶湖———傻瓜作词 lyrics:清风 iris作曲 composer :清风 iris编曲 arranger :水晶湖 crystal lake 歌词为：我在一场孤独游戏后罢休你我之前的那个人他是谁我在一场荒唐闹剧里是玩偶你我之前的那个人他是谁我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要坚持到底用我的方式别在意这世界的奇妙我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要相信自己相信未来别怀疑这世界的奇妙我在一场孤独游戏后罢休你我之前的那个人他是谁我在一场荒唐闹剧里是玩偶你我之后的那些人会是谁我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要坚持到底用我的方式别在意这世界的奇妙我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要相信自己相信未来别怀疑这世界的奇妙一个人的故事讲完两个人的争吵继续三个孩子的烦恼现在开始da da da dala da dalada da dala我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要相信自己相信未来别怀疑这世界的奇妙我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要坚持到底用我的方式别在意这世界的奇妙我不害怕全世界就剩下我一个傻瓜我要相信自己相信未来别怀疑这世界的奇妙我是一个傻瓜不是谁的玩偶愿做一个傻瓜不是谁的玩偶

歌词是：But if you wanna leave, take good care歌名：Wild World词曲：Cat Stevens原唱：Cat StevensNow, that I"ve lost everything to youYou say you wanna start something newAnd it"s breakin" my heart you"re leavin", baby, I"m grievin"But if you wanna leave, take good careHope you have a lot of nice things to wearBut then a lot of nice things turn bad out thereOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldIt"s hard to get by just upon a smileOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldI"ll always remember you like a child, girlYou know I"ve seen a lot of what the world can doAnd it"s breakin" my heart in twoBecause I never wanna see you a sad, girl, don"t be a bad girlBut if you wanna leave, take good careHope you make a lot of nice friends out thereBut just remember there"s a lot of bad and beware, bewareOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldIt"s hard to get by just upon a smileOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldAnd I"ll always remember you like a child, girlLa, la, laBaby, I love youBut if you wanna leave, take good careHope you make a lot of nice friends out thereBut just remember there"s a lot of bad and beware, bewareOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldIt"s hard to get by just upon a smileOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldAnd I"ll always remember you like a child, girlOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldAnd it"s hard to get by just upon a smileOoh, baby, baby, it"s a wild worldAnd I"ll always remember you like a child, girl

"清"繁体字和简体一样的吧?

beware of steps小心台阶

斯巴鲁森林人使用说明书是一款专为斯巴鲁森林人车主提供的电子版使用手册，如果森林人车主找不到或不慎丢失使用时手册，可以在电脑上查看森林人汽车的使用前后、驾驶时、保养维修等知识。斯巴鲁森林人简介Forester森林人实现了时尚设计与驾乘舒适性的完美平衡。置身于车内，您会立刻感受到车内设施的细节独具匠心，确保了使用便利性和功能多样化。斯巴鲁森林人使用说明书斯巴鲁森林人现款车型有2.0升和2.5升两个动力版本。2016年新款森林人也将推出2.0T版本并匹配8AT变速器，与现款相比，新款森林人在搭载全新的动力总成后，动力输出将更为强劲，提高了新车的市场竞争力。斯巴鲁森林人现款车型传动系统为CVT无级变速器和6AT变速器。新款森林人2.0T车型在传动系统方面将匹配8AT变速器，与现款相比，新款森林人将在行驶过程中换挡更加平顺，燃油经济性也有望得到提高，新车上市后将有望在细分市场占据相应份额。斯巴鲁森林人使用说明书目前国内紧凑型SUV市场竞争非常火热，各大厂商都纷纷推出了自己的全新产品。斯巴鲁新款森林人上市后，将凭借则外观、内饰、动力等多方面的升级与三菱欧蓝德和JEEP指南者等其他品牌同级别车型竞争，以占据相应的市场份额。斯巴鲁森林人使用说明书动力方面，斯巴鲁新款森林人2.5i 豪华导航版沿用了老款森林人2.5i豪华悦享版的动力，搭载2.5升自然吸气发动机，最大功率126千瓦，峰值扭矩为235牛米，传动系统匹配CVT变速器。虽然动力输出没有变化，但油耗方面，斯巴鲁新款森林人2.5i 豪华导航版百公里综合油耗7.1升，老款森林人2.5i豪华悦享版为8.2升，燃油经济性提升13%。

歌曲名:BounceWithMe歌手:LilBowWowFeaturingXscape专辑:BigMomma"SHouse-MusicFromTheMotionPictureBounceWithMeLilBowWowBewareOfTheDogBounceWithMeUh-huh,yo(Oh,oh)Uh-huh,yo(Uh-huh,oh,oh)Uh-huh,yo(Bounce,bounce)SeearoundhereImakethingsthatmakey"allbounceYaknow?Heh,yaknowwhatImean?(Yeah,yeah)Lefttoright,righttoleft(Uh-huh,uh-huh)It"sSoSoDefAnduhit"sgoingdownYaknowwhatImean?(Yeah)MymanBowWow(BowWow,yeahhearmenow)Yeahyaheard?(Checkitout)Let"sgo!Let"sgo!Let"sgo!(Peepgame,let"sgo)(从来没见过这么难做的歌词)AroundherewepopthemcollarsAroundherewegetthemdollarsEverygirlIseethatlookrightAniggalikemejustgottahollaThiskidhereallaboutstackin"upGotbigheadbutwecanbackitupLongcauseeverybodygetcrunkWhenwedropintheclubstartsactingupIrepresenttheS-O-S-O,D-E-F-M-O-BThat"sme,JD,Brett,andJESopleasebelieveWhatIdoain"tneverbeendoneOhioiswhereI"mfromIheardwhatyousaidAndIsawwhatyoudoAndy"allplayasreallydon"twantnoneFromthedaytothenight,IROCKSaywhatyoulike,NEVERNOTStayin"alive,livingthelifeGotstokeepithotShotguninthedropRidinggood,twenties,TVs,leatherandwoodPoppin",watchingBigMommaHoldin"itdownlikeaplayashouldSing-a-longnow!(LilBowWow好小啊.后生可畏.厉害)AllIwannadoisseeyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeGrabapartnerhitthefloorBouncewithme,bouncewithmeSomeclap,clapothersstompButaroundherewegetitcrunkwhenyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeAllIwannadoisseeyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeGrabapartnerhitthefloorBouncewithme,bouncewithmeSomeclap,clapothersstompButaroundherewegetitcrunkwhenyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeIt"stheBtotheO-WWowevenyourgirlfallinloveWhenIsmileThetightlittleguyyouain"tseeninawhileIgnorethehype,justrightforyasizeIgetinwhereIfitinBraidedup,madethebucksAndI"mstillakidImaginewhatlifelikewhenIgetbigI"mmabegoldsurroundedbychicksCoupleofcars,coupleofcribsGettin"acoupleofmillsShiningeverytimeIfeelYouseehowSoSogetillYoudon"twantnostuffupinhereBowtotheWow?liveininyourearnowIgetdowncauseI"mhitboundAndIrockanicedoutMickeyMousearoundmyneckAndIhangonpussyniggaslikeVinceCarterWithmyarminthenetAndIouttasnathallyadaughtersButIwasbroughtupwithrespectWhenIturn16I"mmacallerherthoughAndshowherhowtoridewithaballeryoLetherknowwhyitwouldn"thurtherTofallinlovewithaniggalikemealongtimeagoSing-a-longnow!AllIwannadoisseeyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeGrabapartnerhitthefloorBouncewithme,bouncewithmeSomeclap,clapothersstompButaroundherewegetitcrunkwhenyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeAllIwannadoisseeyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeGrabapartnerhitthefloorBouncewithme,bouncewithmeSomeclap,clapothersstompButaroundherewegetitcrunkwhenyaBouncewithme,bouncewithmeI,I,IwannaseeyabouncewithmenowTake,take,takeitdowntothegroundwithmenowShake,sh-sh-shakeitallaroundthetownwithmenowWhatyagonnado,shorty?Whatyagonnado?http://music.baidu.com/song/8732522

研讨会对未来AI所可能造成的情况做出了预见，并分别给出相应的建议。需要声明的是，下面回龙观电脑培训建议融合了全体与会人员的智慧，并不代表个人或某组织的立场。随着AI愈加紧密地被应用到社会经济生活的方方面面，以下列出的问题和对应的建议可以作为投资者和相关领域从业者在对来的参考指南。问题一AI的发展和应用有赖于特定的基础设施和人、物资源。这些基础资源的短缺无疑会限制AI的发展，对这些基础设施和资源的掌握在AI发展前期变的至关重要。建议：从多个渠道改善发展AI的资源基础。注重数据集、计算机、相关人才教育培训等配套领域的建设。问题二虽然目前AI水平还在初级，不过在多个领域AI已经作为人工辅助的角色存在，并且对劳动关系产生了影响。奥巴马经济顾问委员会的主席杰森·弗曼(JasonFurman)就表示，低技术的体力劳动是最有可能被AI和自动化机械取而代之的职位。如果机器人开始和人类竞争工作，人力资源的分配也将迎来变革。建议：更新自己的思维和技能，来应对AI参与所带来的就业结构的改变。未来AI机器将承担绝大多数低技术水平的工作职位，人们需要调整自己的技能储备和收支方向以应对新形势。问题三AI和自动化的过程通常都是在人们目所不及的幕后进行。缺少了人类的参与，机器可能做出有失公允或不慎恰当的决定。随着AI应用的进一步增长，对AI判断和勘误将变得更加重要，也更加困难。建议：支持AI校准和勘误的研究，AI错误危害评估程序也应提上日程。这些研究应和AI的突飞猛进配套发展，就像人类系统中司法之于行政。如此能够及时发现AI犯下的错误，并避免严重后果。问题四针对AI模式下公私机构公平和问责制的研究似乎与当前美国一些法律相忤，比如计算机欺诈与滥用法案(CFAA)和数字千年版权法案(DMCA)。建议：需要澄清的是，无论是计算机欺诈与滥用法案还是数字千年版权法案，都没有限制相关研究。问题五尽管AI正以飞快的速度被运用在医疗、劳工等诸多领域，但目前人类没有一个公认的办法来在评估AI所带来的影响。建议：支持AI影响评估系统的研究。而且该领域的研究应该和政府机构通力合作，使成果能为政府行政所用。

Snoop Dogg Feat. T-Pain - Boom中英歌词：Get your money, whip yahair拿你的钱，吹干头发Executive branch blow mysmoke like a player执行部门吹我的烟雾像一个球员Yeah in the club, yes itcracks是的，在俱乐部，是它裂缝Cute little mama, but theystack with backs可爱的小妈妈，但它们叠着背I"m smokin" great purpleurple我非常伟大的紫紫You and Doggie world comeand join my circle你和狗狗的世界来加入我的圈子I"ll break down herbal tilI move like a turtle我会打破中药直到我移动像乌龟My money is green and myPorsche is turbo我的钱是绿色的，我的保时捷是涡轮增压的In hot pursuit, come rockwith Snoop在炎热的追求，摇滚，探听Maybe it"s the lawyer, herbody"s the truth也许是律师，她身体的真实I"m in the game for real,it pay"s to chill我在游戏中的真实，它支付的寒冷I walk in the club and theyfront the bill我走在俱乐部，他们在前面的法案I"m the big dogg, bestbeware我的大狗狗，你最好小心You"re coming with me, ifyou stop the stare如果你停下来的话，你就要跟我来She"ll be on my team in mycar on the way to the spot她会在我的车队在我的车上的路上Yes you are, toasting up,posting up是的你是，敬酒，张贴And when we"re done, wewest coasting love当我们完成了，我们西海岸的爱For shendo blowin" endo,对于shendo blowin "内，How much for the Dog in thewindow橱窗里的狗有多大Oh. what?哦。什么？Boom!哄！Boom!哄！Say what? say what?说什么？说什么？Boom!哄！Talk to em T-pain跟T-pain合作(-----T-pain – Hook----)Baby I"m a Dogg! (I"m aDogg!), beware! (beware!)我是一个狗狗！（我的狗狗！），当心！（当心！）I"ll do whatever, however Iwant! (I want!)我会做任何事，但我想！（我想要！）If you call me out! (callme out!), oh yeah! (oh yeah!)如果你打电话给我！（叫我出去！）哦，是的！（哦，是的！）Now put your hand in theair, whip your hair and go现在把你的手放在空气里，把你的头发打上La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦Boom shakalaka when I dropall of my apples, say哄shakalaka当我放弃我所有的苹果，说La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦?, Shawty know that I aintplaying？亲爱的，知道我不玩（----Snoop Dogg：----)I"m all about the money,the money I got我都是关于钱，我得到的钱On the VIP tip, Maserati inthe lot在VIP提示，玛莎拉蒂在很多Kill em with stars wherethe bottle never stops杀死他们的星星，瓶子永远不会停止Got a model on my lap, Babyshow me wat you got有一个在我的膝盖上的模型，宝贝告诉我你有With a cup of landy,Tiffany and Sandy一杯兰迪，Tiffany和桑迪Girls who like girls, wannado it today女孩喜欢女孩，想做的今天Real tough, this suites isnext真正强硬，这套房是下一个One more drink gon" lead tosex再喝一杯会导致性These girls is bad, theflow is pack?这些女孩是坏的，流动是包？They shut the Dogg downwhen he reach the max他们把狗狗当他达到最大Whatcha trying to drink?Clearer yet你想喝点什么吗？更清楚She got Apple Bottom,homie, all I need to do is mack她把苹果底，哥们，我所需要做的是麦克I does it well, your gameis whack我做的好，你的游戏是打I guess to the bit is nochit chat我想有没有聊天Now where do we go? I beatsthe gush现在我们到哪里去了？我打了喷She"s in love with thegangster, that"s what up她爱上了那个歹徒，那是什么That"s what up. Boom!那是什么。哄！That"s what up. Boom!那是什么。哄！That"s what up. Boom!那是什么。哄！Speak to em T-pain跟T-pain合作(-----T-pain – Hook----)Baby I"m a Dogg! (I"m aDogg!), beware! (beware!)我是一个狗狗！（我的狗狗！），当心！（当心！）I"ll do whatever, however Iwant! (I want!)我会做任何事，但我想！（我想要！）If you call me out! (callme out!), oh yeah! (oh yeah!)如果你打电话给我！（叫我出去！）哦，是的！（哦，是的！）Now put your hand in theair, whip your hair and go现在把你的手放在空气里，把你的头发打上La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦Boom shakalaka when I dropall of my apples, say哄shakalaka当我放弃我所有的苹果，说La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦Shawty know that I aintplaying亲爱的，知道我不玩（Snoop Dogg:）Boom shakalaka here comesthe chief like I smoke good哄shakalaka来总像我抽烟好With T-pain, Snoop Dogg, wedoctor与T-Pain，Snoop Dogg，我们医生Big 808 now filled thebasin in ya chakra大808现在充满了你的脉轮And watch me smoke like a shotta看我像shotta烟Coke bottle shape likegreen eyes可乐瓶形状像绿色眼睛Drunk offa love like a colt45醉爱驹45拍的I keep kush in my lungs我把我的肺都库什I"m gonna smoke til I die我要抽烟，直到我死去Just bust a bad one for myhomie D-Dimes抓坏我的哥们d-dimesBoom!哄！They do it for fortune,some for fame他们为财富，有些为了名声I got five differentstrains,我有五个不同的菌株，You ever taste purple rain你曾经品尝过紫雨Turn up the volume, adjustthe game翻卷，调整游戏Ain"t a damn thing change,it"s still a G-Thang不是一个该死的东西改变，它仍然是一个g-thangLil mama whip ya hair律妈妈鞭你的头发Exhale the Chronic as thesmoke disappears呼气的时候，随着烟雾消失I"m ready to ball我准备好去球Your girl on my team, andshe ready to fall你的女孩在我的团队，她准备下降And if you didn"t know, I"mthe big Snoop Dogg如果你不知道，我是大Snoop DoggBoom!哄！Say what? say what?说什么？说什么？Boom哄Talk to em T-pain跟他们合作(-----T-pain – Hook----)Baby I"m a Dogg! (I"m aDogg!), beware! (beware!)我是一个狗狗！（我的狗狗！），当心！（当心！）I"ll do whatever, however Iwant! (I want!)我会做任何事，但我想！（我想要！）If you call me out! (callme out!), oh yeah! (oh yeah!)如果你打电话给我！（叫我出去！）哦，是的！（哦，是的！）Now put your hand in theair, whip your hair and go现在把你的手放在空气里，把你的头发打上La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦Boom shakalaka when I dropall of my apples, say哄shakalaka当我放弃我所有的苹果，说La la la la la啦啦啦啦啦Shawty know that I aintplaying亲爱的，知道我不玩

http://31.dc.ftn.qq.com/ftn_handler/7b381620a6773ac4b7b3cd5af2abe328cdcfaa7293e3b8aa4687ea9edffe54a1f7867c3dcd0c88679eb0403c9463542d76e6f00592de62a503c479e2c5867894/xf-maya2010.rar?k=766632341be5c8cfafaafd394530041f0156545754530f551f520657501d020106051f0d54550f1d015f53500607500404510b55633f3648544b5f551a51040003561c460242360d&fr=00&&txf_fid=b86fa301d1bda9eddab16f7cecf1ffc469b22a39只能保存7天 尽快下载

{美}晴天雨天我只想要和你聊天 电话信件都不够直接 说你喜欢的八卦 对未来的想法 要贴在耳边才可以融化 {五}阳光海边我喜欢的每个瞬间 爱用短信和你碎碎念 其实不是我啰嗦 是手指太寂寞 要和你分享甜蜜每一刻 {远}好想和你咬耳朵 一人咬一口苹果 我遇见什么快乐难过只想和你说 只是约会的时候 我会有一点沉默 却为你变成粘人的恶魔 {刀} 好想和你咬耳朵 一人咬一口苹果 想你的时候有多幸福只有我们懂 不管这世界再大 就算只剩你和我 让快乐填满彼此每一刻 咬咬耳朵{茂}RAP想要和你咬耳朵咬很多苹果我不喜欢寂寞爱到底是个恶魔还是一只白鸽管他们最后怎么说

Beware the ides of March(Shakespeare)小心三月十五日(莎士比亚)

不是 是黑眼豆豆的 WHERE IS THE LOVE

亲 我要找的好像跟你一样 你找到了吗

The Dragon born Comes - MalukahOur Hero, our Hero, claims a warrior"s heartI tell you, I tell you, the Dragonborn comesWith a Voice wielding power of the ancient Nord artsBelieve, believe, the Dragonborn comesIt"s an end to the evil of all Skyrim"s foesBeware, beware, the Dragonborn comesBelieve, believe, the Dragonborn comesIt"s an end to the evil of all Skyrim"s foesBeware, beware, the Dragonborn comesDovahkiin, DovahkiinNaal ok zin los vahriinWah dein vokul mahfaeraak ahst vaalAhrk fin norok paal graanFod nust hon zindro zaanDovahkiin, fah hin kogaan mu draal

《寂寞是我的朋友》　　——92年　　不知忙碌的生活，是为了什么。不知辛苦的奔波，到终点会如何。每天晚上，回到自己的天地；重新体会，寂寞的滋味。　　　　是否还有许多人，每天也像我：繁忙一天之后，独自在角落；唱一首歌，面对着寂寞；把一个又一个的日子慢慢错过。　　　　只有寂寞是真正的朋友，哦寂寞，你是我的朋友　　DA，DA，DA，DALA，DA，DA，DA，DALA，DA，DALA，DA，。。。。。。DA，DA，DA，DALA，DA，DA，DA，DALA，DA，DALA，DA　　寂寞是我的朋友，总是不经意地听我诉说；寂寞是我的朋友，从不在乎地时常伴着我。

第一步：看车底盘和电瓶 ：趴下身看地下都没有机油点，底盘有没有油污。新车电瓶没啥可多看的，只看接头有否腐蚀以及小窗是否绿色就行了。注意电瓶接头一般是松的，开走前一定要拧紧.第二步：拉出机油尺看机油颜色 ：有些车跑了许多公里，但是里程表不接，还是十几公里，愣冒充是0公里！看的时候要着车三分钟后熄火，拉出油尺用纸巾擦拭，油黑的淘汰。第三步：远听发动机声音 ：这个只能凭感觉了。操作方法是，打着两辆车，你站在中间位置，离开两车距离相等，你感觉到声音大的淘汰（是明显大于别的车），可以转个身再听，以免你两耳听力不同出错觉。第四步：细听发动机声音 ：挑车这么精贵的东西还是小心点好，你越认真经销商越不敢马虎你，我就见过弄个听诊器去挑车的主！他听诊器头上包块毛巾，按在发动机各个面听了十几分钟！这里要详细说明一下，这样你才能听见发动机内部的声音是否有杂音，比如环子声、敲缸声、气门的嘀嘀声等等。好发动机只有一种‘呼噜呼噜"声，不会有其他的杂音。不过这种方法要靠平时有意识进行的经验积累，一句两句说不清楚，总之就是多听些车好了。罗嗦一句：有人能帮忙时，要他踩油门升发动机转速你再听声音。然后要他用块什么破布堵住排气口，假如发动机声音明显变沉并几秒钟就熄火，就是好车！否则就是什么地方漏气。第五步：检查做工，要看各个线头联接情况，是否有晃动等等，这个各位都会自己看，不多说了。第六步：看全车外观。 看车门的缝隙是不是均等。另外，看外观时还要注意玻璃是不是原配的，玻璃下脚有标记，以免你精心挑选的结果是辆有过事故的车（这事不是没发生过）。（罗嗦几句：挑二手车第一步要检查的是发动机舱左右前端、大灯部位金属板有无扳金的痕迹，假如要是有褶皱等，一般就是事故车了。对于后尾箱左右后端金属板也是如此方法检查。） 补充一点，小的剐擦偶认为基本上能处理的天衣无缝，不非常仔细观察看不出来，但事故中如伤及轮胎，只要不换，就没法修补.第七步：这时候才是你进驾驶仓的时候 ，经销商都说，一看见上来就迫不及待进驾驶舱挑车的就知道是新手！最怕那种围着机器转了半天不进驾驶舱的。这里也没什么说的，对着说明书检查各种按钮、开关是否都有效。灯光、音响、空调、座椅、安全带、电动窗等等的调整，要不厌其烦的一个一个测试。别听经销商的，他们总告诉你“放心吧，都是新车！什么问题没有！” 大家一定要仔细检查，控制台面板是一个容易出问题的地方，这里要强调的是离合和刹车的挑选，由于现在许多经销商不允许试车，几乎无法挑选，只能凭感觉了：1、冷车时：踩住离合挂各个档位，务必要求各档都很顺畅。2、冷车时：踩住离合挂各档，然后松开离合要求能摘档。有的档位松了离合摘的很费劲，这就是车与车之间要对比的。3、热车时（许多经销商不允许挑车时发动机热车挂档，不管他，坚持这么做！重复1的程序。4，热车时不挂档，狠踩刹车，务必细心体会刹车踏板能踩下去的深浅变化！要求次次深浅相同，但是不能踩到触底，否则就是要调整了。对于转向机，确实没办法了，经销商不让试车也不让原地打方向，我的车后来发现方向打死有皮带声，一保时维修调整过，不过据说奇瑞方向打死没声的极少，也就不在乎了。好了，假如你真的照着这些步骤做了，基本上能保证你的车没什么大问题。挑车时要注意的就是眼到、耳到、手到！多看多听多摸就好。可别是心到哟，一上来就激动的不得了，总算有自己的车了的感觉，那可就坏了！新车一般被运到销售地址前会有行使记录:大约在100公里和300公里为正常新车,一个汽车生产基地和办公总部要差几十或几百公里所以说这段里程下来的记录是正常的,公里记录太多太少(比如只有几公里)说明这个有可能是返修车,里程表有可能做过手脚.