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我国现代远程教育实践，在试点阶段，侧重于物质和制度文化实践。在常规阶段，要进一步把精神文化作为实践的重要内容。研究精神文化背后的文化范式，应主动地正规、面对两种文化范式，既要面对东方农业文化范式的价值观念、思维方式，也要面对西方工业文化范式的文化内涵、思维奥秘，更应处理好二者之间关系。这是一个过程，在这个过程中，要着重于“文化认同”和“文化适应”两个环节。Ourcountrymoderndistancelearningpractice,intheexperimentsitestage,stressesonmaterialandthesystemculturepractice.Intheconventionalstage,mustfurthertaketheenergeticculturethepracticetheimportantcontent.Behindtheresearchenergeticculture"sculturalmodel,shouldonowninitiativeregular,facingtwoculturalmodels,mustfacetheEastagrariancivilizationmodelthevalueidea,thethinkingmode,mustfacetheWesternindustryculturemodeltheculturalconnotation,thethoughtmystery,shouldprocessbetweenthetwotorelate.Thisisaprocess,inthisprocess,mustemphaticallyand“thecultureadapts”twolinksin“theculturalapproval”.

1. 参加俱乐部的英语作文怎么写 English corner is an ideal palace to improve our English.Not only can it help us study English,but also we can make friends at the English corner.There are also many interesting acticities at English corner such as Words Solitaire,English riddles and so on.You can study English with great joy here!After some time,you will find you can speak English fluently!We expect that more and more people who love English can join us! 英语角是一个提高英语水平的理想地方，它不仅可以帮助我们学习英语，更可以结识朋友.英语角有很多有趣的活动例如词语接龙，猜谜语等等.在这里你可以充分体验到学习英语的乐趣！经过一段时间你会发现你可以流利的说英语.我们期待更多热爱英语的人可以加入我们！ 2. 俱乐部的英文怎么写 club n. 俱乐部； 夜总会， 会， 社 棒； 棍 （高尔夫、马球等的）球棒， 棒状物 （纸牌中）梅花； [pl. ]一组梅花牌 锤节， 棒（昆虫触角） a campaign club [美]竞选俱乐部 a country club [美]野外俱乐部 习惯用语 block club [美]街道居民组织（目的保护白人居民的利益和安全） book club [美]图书俱乐部（会员购书可享受折扣优待） bottle club [美]饮酒俱乐部（私人经营， 可不按 *** 禁令， 在打烊〔闭店〕时间后， 向会员供应预先订购的酒） Christmas club [美]（为圣诞节购买东西的）圣诞储金会 classification club [美]分行业俱乐部 cock-and-hen club [谑]兼收男女成员的俱乐部 farm club [美]棒球分会； 分会的棒球队 golden age club [美]老年人俱乐部 hell-fire club 放荡的无神论者青年俱乐部（特别流行于18世纪） jockey club 赛马俱乐部 Join the club ！ [俚]不光是你一个人， 别人也一样！ （指不愉快的处境） key club [美]（每一成员各持有钥匙的）私人俱乐部（或夜总会） Rotary club 扶轮社（国际扶轮社在各地的地方分社） service club 同业福利俱乐部； 士兵俱乐部 收起更多词典展开更多词典 现代英汉词典club n. 俱乐部 a football club 一个足球俱乐部 俱乐部的会址 （= clubhouse） 棍；短棒；棍棒 球棒；球杆 （纸牌的）梅花 词性变化 vt. -bb- 用棍棒打 （与together, with连用）分摊（费用） The workers in the office clubbed together to buy her a present for her birthday. 办公室的工作人员凑钱给她买了一件生日礼物。 习惯用语 in the club （未婚少女）怀孕 简明英汉词典club n. 俱乐部， 夜总会， 社， 棍棒， （高尔夫球等的）球棒， （扑克牌）梅花 vt. 棍打， 协作， 联合， 把。当棍棒用 3. 以英语俱乐部为话题的英语作文 Our munity has many activities,the next one,we will have a party at the English Club on 7:30 pm Oct.15. then will have many friends who like English and want to practice their oral English in there, so i want to invite my foreign friend "Lee" to join in us, we can exchange something about history,culture and custom etc at that time. During the party, you can municate with each other in English and talk everything you want, make friends with everybody. Meanwhile, you can watch shows, and some fruits and drinks will be provided, you also can bring foods for yourself, hope everyone will spent a beautiful time ,thanks.。 4. 英语关于俱乐部的作文 Our English Club There is an English Club that was set up last year in our school.In the beginning,few students go to it.But now more and more students like going to it.There are many activities in the club.We can talk to each other in English,tell stories,learn to sing English songs and see English films there.I go to the English Club every other day.I like it every much. 5. 写一篇作文题目是俱乐部用英语写话也要画花 Let"s play sports！来It is the time to walk out of classroom and do some sport! for your health, fun, and great time together.The Sports Club has arranged the some games for you, please e and join us, and for the prize we have prepared for you.The schedule is as following:Afternoon SoccerVolleyballBasketballEvening BaseballPing-PongSee you then！大家来运动！ 是走出教室，做些运动的时候了！为了你的健康、乐源趣和开心一刻。 体育俱乐部为大家安排了bai一些比du赛活动，请大家积极参加，来赢取我们为你zhi准备的奖品。 具体时间安排如下： （这部分dao略） 我们等着你哟。 6. 英语作文英语俱乐部 My family cares about my foreign language education, they want me to learn English well, so I can have a better future. In order to improve my English, they send me to an English club, there are many guys like me, we talk many things in English, we share our opinion, I am so happy in the club and my English get improved.。 7. 俱乐部用英语怎么说 “俱乐部”英语说法：club 读法：英 [klu028cb] 美 [klu028cb] 释义： 1、n. 俱乐部，社团；夜总会；棍棒；（扑克牌中的）梅花 2、vt. 用棍棒打；募集 3、vi. 集资；组成俱乐部 4、adj. 俱乐部的 5、n. (Club)人名；（英）克拉布 例句： 1、They were out late at the club. 他们外出在俱乐部待到深夜。 2、We affiliated ourselves with their club. 我们加入了他们的俱乐部。 扩展资料 club的近义词：society 读法：英 [su0259"sau026au0259tu026a] 美 [su0259u02c8sau026au0259tu026a] 释义：n. 社会；交往；社团；社交界 短语： 1、Classification society社会分类 2、Vegan Society完全素食协会 3、South Society南社 4、Lunar Society月光社 5、agrarian society农耕社会

blend into society和integrate into society 都可以blend into & integrate into融入...；与...融合

重农派(Agrarians) 　　迷惘的一代(The Lost Generation) 　　黑山派诗歌(BIack Mountain Poems) 　　垮掉的一代(the Beat Generation) 　　黑色幽默(Black humor) 　　重农派(Agrarians) 　　美国现代南方作家组成的一个松散的文化团体，又称“逃亡者派”。1915年，一些与田纳西州纳什维尔镇范德比尔特大学有关的文化人常常聚会讨论文学及哲学问题。第一次世界大战期间集会曾一度中断，1919年重又恢复。范德比尔特大学教师、诗人约翰·克罗·兰塞姆成为这一活动的实际，他的周围聚集了一批有才华的年轻人，如诗人罗伯特·潘·华伦、阿伦·泰特、唐纳德·戴维森以及小说家安德鲁·纳尔逊·莱特尔、诗人莫里尔·莫尔等。1922至1925年，他们出版了有影响的小型文艺杂志《逃亡者》，它所发表的重要的文章后来收组成为《逃亡者文选》(1928)。“逃亡者派”一词即由此而来。 　　“逃亡者”们提倡维护南方传统的文学地方主义，成为“南方文艺复兴”的一文中坚力量。1930年，以“逃亡者派”为主体的12个南方作家，其中有兰塞姆、华伦、泰特以及诗人约翰·弗莱彻、剧作家斯塔克·扬格等人，撰写的专题论文集《我要表明我的态度》出版。这部被看作“重农派”宣言的著作在社会上引起了不小反响。这些文章的主旨都是以南方农业社会为尺度来评价、批判现代美国资本主义社会。此后，阿伦·泰特等人我出版了“重农派”的第二部论文集《谁占有美国?》(1936)。 　　30年代经济大萧条时期，重农思想对南方知识分子影响极大。这种思想不仅贯穿在兰塞姆、戴维森、泰特、华伦等人的作品中，在威廉·福克纳、卡罗琳·戈登、莱特尔以至尤多拉·韦尔蒂等人的小说中也有鲜明的体现，一时形成了一股很有声势的文化潮流，以致有“重农运动”之称。1935年，华伦与克林斯·布鲁克斯共同创办了《南方评论》，1939年兰塞姆创办了《肯庸评论》，这些杂志便成为“重农派”作家重要的活动阵地。美国现代重要的文艺批评流派“新批评派”就是围绕着这些刊物形成的。“新批评派”中的不少成员也都是“重农派”的核心人物。 　　迷惘的一代(The Lost Generation) 　　第一次世界大战后出现在美国的一个文学流派。它不是一个有组织、有共同纲领的团体。这个名词源出侨居巴黎的美国女作家格特鲁德·斯泰因。她有一次指着海明威等人说：“你们都是迷惘的一代。”海明威把这句话作为他的长篇小说《太阳照样升起》的一句题辞，于是“迷悯的一代”成了一个文学流派的名称。“迷惘的一代”作家的共同点是厌恶帝国主义战争，却又找不到出路。第一次世界大战爆发时，他们大多是20岁左右的年轻人。他们在美国政府“拯救世界民主”口号的蛊惑下，怀着民主的理想，奔赴欧洲战场。他们目睹人类空前的*，发现战争远不是他们原来设想的那种英雄的事业，所谓“民主”、“光荣”、“牺牲”都是骗人的东西。他们在战争中经历了种种苦难，了解到普通兵士中间的反战情绪。这在他们心灵中留下了无法医治的创伤。他们的作品反映了这些思想感情。例如，约翰·多斯·帕索斯的《三个士兵》、爱·肯明斯的《巨大的房间》、威廉·福克纳的《士兵的报酬》和《萨托里斯》。厄内斯特。海明威是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家。他到欧洲打过仗，负过重伤。海明威当时对待战争的态度，象其他反战作家一样，只限于厌恶、逃避与诅咒。他对战后的和平生活也不抱希望，所以在作品中迷惘、悲观的情绪较为浓厚。“迷惘的一代”不仅指参加过欧洲大战的作家，也包括没有参加过战争、但对前途感到迷悯和迟疑的20年代作家，例如司各特·菲茨杰拉尔德、托·斯·艾略特和托·马斯·沃尔夫等。“迷悯的一代”主要繁荣在20年代；30年代以后，他们的创作倾向，包括海明威在内，都有了变化。 　　黑山派诗歌(BIack Mountain Poems) 　　美国当代的一个诗歌流派。20世纪50年代初，在马萨诸塞州黑山学院任教的查·奥尔逊、罗·邓肯、罗·克里利等人创办《黑山评论》杂志，提倡与40年代流行的传统格律体相反的“放射体”诗歌，逐步形成一个流派。奥尔逊的《放射体诗歌》(1950)一文阐述了他们的主要观点。奥尔逊认为诗是把诗人的“能”传递给读者的东西，因此诗是“能的结构”和“能的放射”；要以顺应呼吸的“音乐片语”代替传统诗律中的节拍；形式只是内容的延伸；一个意念必须直接导向另一个意念，提倡快速写作。黑山派诗人还倡导诗歌朗诵。他们强调诗歌的自发性和口语化，采用美国口语和埋语，反对艾略特等人精雕细刻、广征博引的学院派诗风。50年代后期他们与垮掉派诗人合流，引起较大的反响。 　　垮掉的一代(the Beat Generation) 　　第二次世界大战后在美国出现的一个文学流派。有人根据英文“Beats”和“Beatniks”(“垮掉青年”的俗称)译成“避世青年”或“疲塌派”，也有人取其诗歌的部分特征，称为“节拍运动”或“敲打诗派”。“垮掉青年”对战后美国社会现实不满，又迫于麦卡锡主义的反动政治高压，便以“脱俗”方式来表示*。他们奇装异服，蔑视传统观念，厌弃学业和工作，长期浪迹于底层社会，形成了独特的社会圈子和处世哲学。50年代初，他们的反叛情绪表现为一股“地下文学”潮流，向保守文化的统治发动冲击。多数垮掉派文人来自东部。的有杰克·凯鲁亚克、艾伦·金斯堡、威廉· 巴罗斯、格雷戈里。柯尔索、约翰·克莱伦·霍尔姆斯、塞缪尔·克雷姆和加里·斯奈德等。1950年，凯鲁亚克与巴罗斯合写侦探故事未成，却各自完成了一部垮掉派小说《小镇与城市》(1951)和《吸毒者》(1953)。霍尔姆斯从中受到启发，在小说《走吧》(1952)中更明确地反映纽约“垮掉青年”的生活感受，又在《纽约时报》上鼓吹垮掉派文学，但这种尝试受到东部学院派势力的压抑，他们就往西部寻求同道和发展基地。当时洛杉矶近郊的西威尼斯有个以劳伦斯·李普顿为首的垮掉派组织，他于1955年发表小说《神圣的野蛮人》。在旧金山，以劳伦斯·弗林盖梯的“城市之光”书店为中心，聚合了一群立志从事“文艺复兴”的反学院派诗人，他们的首领即是后来成为“垮掉的一代”理论家的肯尼斯·雷克思罗斯。 　　1955年夏天，“垮掉文人”和反学院派诗人(包括旧金山诗人和黑山派诗人)在旧金山联合举办诗歌朗诵会，自此之后垮掉派文学作品开始流行。金斯堡在会上朗读了他那首被誉为“50年代《荒原》”的长诗《嚎叫》。这首诗以怨气冲天的哀号表达“我这一代精英”的痛苦与自暴自弃，斥责“莫洛克”神统治下的军事化、商业化的社会。1956年，他的诗集出版，轰动全国。1957年，凯鲁亚克的长篇小说《在路上》出版，它描写垮掉分子在各地流浪的生活，使大批精神苦闷的青年为之神往，奉为“生活教科书”。这两部作品出版后，《常青评论》、《黑山评论》等杂志连续出版专号，加以推荐。诺曼·梅勒的被称为美国存在主义宣言的《白种黑人》(1957)，以及1960年他在波士顿审讯中为巴罗斯小说所做的辩护，则从理论上论证了“垮掉文学”的意义。商业化宣传使得美国青年纷纷接受“垮掉”生活方式，从爵士乐、摇摆舞、吸大麻、性放纵直至参掸念佛和“背包革命”(指漫游旅行)，一时成为风气。 　　“垮掉派”人生哲学的核心是个人在当代社会中的生存问题。霍尔姆斯和梅勒借用欧洲存在主义观念，宣扬通过满足感官欲望来把握自我。斯奈德和雷克思罗斯则吸收佛教禅宗的学说，以虚无主义对抗生存危机。在政治上，他们标榜自己是“没有目标的反叛者，没有口号的鼓动者，没有纲领的革命者”。在艺术上，据雷克思罗斯在《离异：垮掉的一代的艺术》(1957)中宣称，他们“以全盘否定高雅文化为特点”。凯鲁亚克发明的“自发式散文”写作法和查尔斯·奥尔逊的“放射诗”论，在“垮掉文人”中被广泛奉行。 　　由上述艺术观点支配的“垮掉文学”运动，虽然昙花一现，而且掺杂大量不健康的因素，仍在美国文学留下了一定影响。大量“垮掉诗”因具有大众化和反象征主义倾向，长期在青年中流传。在小说方面，凯鲁亚克的一组用自发表现法写成的“路上小说”，除了《在路上》之外，还有《地下人》(1958)、《达摩流浪汉》(1958)、《特莉斯苔萨》(1959)、《孤独天使》(1959)等。它们的一个特点是继承了马克．吐温的《哈克贝里·费思历险记》所开创的美国文学中写流浪生活的传统，形成了一种为当代其他小说家所仿效的模式，主人公为逃脱污浊的环境而四出漫游，寻找自由和归宿。它们的另一个特点是主人公毫不隐讳地大谈自己的境遇和感受，作自我剖析，这种“个人新闻体”手法在印年代得到较大的发展。 　　巴罗斯对暴行、堕落、吸毒和犯罪等的描写在“垮掉”作家中。他同时又在语言和小说的形式上进行大胆实验，用“剪裁法”拼凑和改变小说的结构。他的代表作《*露的午餐》(1959)，由于反映了“真正地狱般的”地下生活，引起了一场诉讼和谐争。以后的作品如《诺瓦快车》(1964)、《柔软机器》(1966)和《爆炸的火车票》(1967)，也采用了真实与梦属相混合的手法，全面、冷酷地表现 作者厌恶社会的冷酷的幽默感，后来有人因此把巴罗斯列入“黑色幽默”小说家行列。 　　黑色幽默(Black humor) 　　20世纪60年代美国重要的文学流派。1965年3月，弗里德曼编了一本短篇小说集，收入12个作家的作品，题名为《黑色幽默》，“黑色幽默”一词即由此而来。它是60年代美国小说创作中最有代表性的流派之一。进入70年代后，“黑色幽默”的声势大减，但不时仍有新作出现，它在美国文学中至今仍有相当深远的影响。它的主要作家有约瑟夫·海勒、克特·小伏尼格、托马斯·平钦、约翰·巴斯、詹姆斯·珀迪、布鲁斯·杰伊·弗里德曼、唐纳德·巴赛尔姆等。 　　“黑色幽默”的小说家突出描写人物周围世界的荒谬和社会对个人的压迫，以一种无可奈何的嘲讽态度表现环境和个人(即“自我”)之间的互不协调，并把这种互不协调的现象加以放大，扭曲，变成畸形，使它们显得更加荒诞不经，滑稽可笑，同时又令人感到沉重和苦闷。因此，有一些评论家把“黑色幽默”称为“绞架下的幽默”或“大难临头时的幽默”。“黑色幽默”作家往往塑造一些乖僻的“反英雄”人物，借他们的可笑的言行影射社会现实，表达作家对社会问题的观点。在描写手法方面，“黑色幽默”作家也打破传统，小说的情节缺乏逻辑联系，常常把叙述现实生活与幻想和回忆混合起来，把严肃的哲理和插科打诨混成一团。例如海勒的《第二十二条军规》、平钦的《万有引力之虹》、小伏尼格的《第一流的早餐》。有些“黑色幽默”小说则嘲笑人类的精神危机，如巴斯的《烟草经纪人》和珀迪的《凯柏特·赖特开始了》。 　　“黑色幽默”作为一种美学形式，属于喜剧范畴，但又是一种带有悲剧色彩的变态的喜剧。“黑色幽默”的产生是与60年代美国的动荡不安相联系的。当代资本主义社会的荒谬可笑的事物和“喜剧性”的矛盾不是作家们凭主观意志所能创造的，它们是那种社会生活的反映。这种反映虽然具有一定的社会意义和认识价值，作家虽然也抨击了包括统治阶级在内的一切权威，但是他们强调社会环境是难以改变的，因而作品中往往流露出悲观绝望的情绪。

这句话全句中文意思是：民主党人既想从市场中获得回报，又不想牺牲掉农业国家的质朴特征。feature在本句中的意思是“特征”。 其它例句如下： noun 1.【释义】a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical特点，特征，特色:【例句】Air bags are a standard feature in most new cars.气囊是大多数新车的标准配置。【例句】An important feature of Van Gogh"s paintings is their bright colours.凡·高画作的一个重要特色是色彩鲜亮。【例句】Striped tails are a common feature of many animals.尾巴上有条纹是许多动物的共同特征。【例句】The hotel"s only redeeming features (=things that make it acceptable) were that it was cheap and near the city centre.这家酒店唯一可取之处就是便宜并且靠近市中心。【例句】The most distinctive feature of the dinosaurs was their size.恐龙最明显的特点是它们的体型。【例句】One of the distinguishing features (= features that are different from other things of the same sort) of modern banking is its dependence on computers.现代银行业的显著特征之一是依赖计算机。2.【释义】a piece of writing about a subject in a newspaper or a magazine, or a special report on television or on the radio〔报纸或杂志的〕特写;〔电视或广播的〕专题节目:【例句】a feature on holidaying with your dog一档携狗去度假的专题节目3.【释义】[usually plural] a part of someone"s face, such as their eyes, nose etc面貌的一部分〔如眼、鼻等〕; 面貌（特征）; 五官:【例句】He had fine delicate features.他眉清目秀。【例句】Her eyes were her best feature.她的五官中眼睛长得最好。4.【释义】a part of the land, especially a part that you can see地貌; 地形地物:【例句】Hedges are an important feature of the landscape in Britain.树篱是英国重要的景观风貌。5.【释义】a film being shown at a cinema影片，故事片，正片:【例句】There were a couple of short cartoons before the main feature.正片前有一些卡通短片。verb1.【释义】[I,T] to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part以…为特色，是…的特征; 起重要作用:【例句】The exhibition features paintings by Picasso.这次展览重点展出毕加索的画作。【例句】a cruise ship featuring extensive spa facilities以大量水疗设施为特色的游轮【例句】A study of language should feature in an English literature course.语言学习在英语文学课程中应当很重要。【例句】Pupils visited some of the websites featured in the article.小学生们访问了文章中专题介绍的一些网站。【例句】Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books.暴力似乎是他所有作品中的主要特色。【例句】The film featured Brando as the Godfather.这部影片由白兰度主演教父。2.【释义】[T] to show a film, play etc放映〔电影〕; 上演〔戏剧〕:【例句】The Retro Theatre is featuring films by Frank Capra this week.经典剧场本周上映弗兰克·卡普拉主演的影片。

alderman n. 市府参事,市议员； algerian a. 阿尔及利亚的； allan n. 艾伦(姓)； American a.美洲的 n.美国人； amerindian n. 美洲印第安人； amphibian a. 两栖类的,水陆两用的，等。 　　 扩展资料 　　an art. 一(个，件，…)；(不定冠词，在元音前)；每一；任何一人；一个（本…） 　　antediluvian adj. 史前的，陈旧的 　　antiquarian n. 古物研究者,收集古物者 　　achillean a. 象阿基利斯一样健壮的；勇敢的 　　aegean a. 爱琴海的 　　Afghanistan n. 阿富汗 　　African a.非洲的 n.非洲人 　　agrarian a. 有关土地的",耕地的 　　Arabian adj.阿拉伯的 　　artesian adj.自流的（井等） 　　artisan n. 工匠；手工艺人 　　asean n. (缩)东盟 　　Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 　　assyrian a. 亚述人的；n. 亚述人

1 algerian a. 阿尔及利亚的 2 amerindian n. 美洲印第安人 3 amphibian a. 两栖类的,水陆两用的 4 antediluvian adj. 史前的，陈旧的 5 antiquarian n. 古物研究者,收集古物者 6 agrarian a. 有关土地的,耕地的 7 Arabian adj.阿拉伯的 扩展资料 　　8 artesian adj.自流的（井等） 　　9 Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 　　10 assyrian a. 亚述人的；n. 亚述人 　　11 athenian a. 雅典(人)的；n. 雅典人 　　12 australian n. 澳大利亚人；澳洲人，adj. 澳大利亚的；澳洲的 　　13 austrian adj. 奥地利的；n. 奥地利人 　　14 authoritarian a. 要求服从权力的；权威主义的；权力主义的；专制的` 　　15 Babylonian a. 巴比伦的,罪恶的 　　16 bacchanalian adj. 饮酒狂欢的；行为放纵的 　　17 barbarian n. 野蛮人 　　18 beautician n.美容师 　　19 belgian n. 比利时人； a. 比利时的，比利时人的 　　20 brazilian a. 巴西人的，巴西的； n. 巴西的(人) 　　21 californian a. 加利福尼亚州的 　　22 Canadian n.加拿大人 　　23 Caucasian n. 高加索人,白种人 　　24 electric ian n.电工，电气技师 　　25 civilian n.平民 a.平民的 　　26 comedian n. 喜剧演员 　　27 Corinthian adj. (古代希腊的) 科林斯的 　　28 custodian n. 管理员，监护人 　　29 dietitian n. 营养学家 　　30 disciplinarian n. 严行纪律的人，严师

Russia (Russian: Россиu0301я, Rossiya; pronounced [ru028c"su02b2i.ju0259]), also[1] the Russian Federation (Russian: Россиu0301йская Федераu0301ция, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; pronounced [ru028c"su02b2i.sku0259.ju0259 fu02b2u026a.du02b2u026a"ra.u02a6u026a.ju0259], listen (help·info)), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia. With an area of 17,075,400 square kilometres, it is the largest country in the world by land mass, covering almost twice the territory of the next-largest country, Canada. It has the world"s eighth largest population. Russia shares land borders with the following countries (counter-clockwise from NW to SE): Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It is also close to the United States and Japan across relatively small stretches of water.Formerly the dominant republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia is now an independent country and an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, since the Union"s dissolution in December 1991. During the Soviet era, Russia was officially called the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Russia is considered the Soviet Union"s successor state in diplomatic matters.Most of the area, population, and industrial production of the Soviet Union, then one of the world"s two superpowers, lay in Russia. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia"s global role was greatly diminished compared to that of the former Soviet Union. In October 2005, the federal statistics agency reported that Russia"s population has shrunk by more than half a million people dipping to 143 million, although Russia became the second country in the world by the number of immigrants from abroad.[2]Ancient RusPrior to the Christian Era, the vast lands of Southern Russia were home to un-united tribes, such as Proto-Indo-Europeans and Scythians. Between the third and sixth centuries Common Era, the steppes were overwhelmed by successive waves of nomadic invasions, led by warlike tribes which would often move on to Europe, as was the case with Huns and Turkish Avars. A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled South Russia through the eighth century. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire and waged a series of successful wars against the Arab Califates.An approximative map of the cultures in European Russia at the arrival of the VarangiansThe Early East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in Western Russia from the seventh century onwards and slowly assimilated the native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians and the Meshchera. In the mid-ninth century, a group of Scandinavians, the Varangians, assumed the role of a ruling elite at the Slavic capital of Novgorod. Although they were quickly assimilated by the predominantly Slavic population, the Varangian dynasty lasted several centuries, during which they affiliated with the Byzantine, or Orthodox church and moved the capital to Kiev in AD 882.In this era, the term "Rhos" or "Rus" first came to be applied to the Varangians and later also to the Slavs who peopled the region. As well as one of the rulers who contributed to the name "rus" [...] In the tenth to eleventh centuries this state of Kievan Rus became the largest in Europe and one of the most prosperous, due to diversified trade with both Europe and Asia. The opening of new trade routes with the Orient at the time of the Crusades contributed to the decline and fragmentation of Kievan Rus by the end of the twelfth century.In the eleventh and twelfth centuries common era, the constant incursions of nomadic Turkish tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, led to the massive migration of Slavic populations from the fertile south to the heavily forested regions of the north, known as Zalesye. The medieval states of Novgorod Republic and Vladimir-Suzdal emerged as successors to Kievan Rus on those territories, while the middle course of the Volga River came to be dominated by the Muslim state of Volga Bulgaria.Like many other parts of Eurasia, these territories were overrun by the Mongol invaders, who formed the state of Golden Horde which would pillage the Russian principalities for over three centuries. Later known as the Tatars, they ruled the southern and central expanses of present-day Russia, while the territories of present-day Ukraine and Belarus were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland, thus dividing the Russian people in the north from the Belarusians and Ukrainians in the west.Similarly to the Balkans and Asia Minor, long-lasting nomadic rule retarded the country"s economic and social development. However, the Novgorod Republic together with Pskov retained some degree of autonomy during the time of the Mongol yoke and was largely spared the atrocities that affected the rest of the country. Led by Alexander Nevsky, the Novgorodians repelled the Germanic crusaders who attempted to colonize the region.MuscovyMain article: MuscovyUnlike its spiritual leader the Byzantine Empire, Russia under the leadership of Moscow was able to revive and organized its own war of reconquest, finally subjugating its enemies and annexing their territories. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Muscovite Russia remained the only more or less functional Christian state on the Eastern European frontier, allowing it to claim succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire.While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, the duchy of Moscow began to assert its influence in Western Russia in the early fourteenth century. Assisted by the Russian Orthodox Church and Saint Sergius of Radonezh"s spiritual revival, Muscovy inflicted a defeat on the Mongol-Tatars in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). Ivan the Great eventually tossed off the control of the invaders, consolidated surrounding areas under Moscow"s dominion and first took the title "grand duke of all the Russias".In the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Russian state set the national goal to return all Russian territories lost as a result of the Tatar invasion and to protect the southern borderland against attacks of Crimean Tatars and other Turkic peoples. The noblemen, receiving a manor from the sovereign, were obliged to serve in the military. The manor system became a basis for the nobiliary horse army.In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was officially crowned the first Tsar of Russia. During his long reign, Ivan annexed the Muslim polities along the Volga River and transformed Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state. By the end of the century, Russian Cossacks established the first settlements in Western Siberia. In the middle of the seventeenth century there were Russian settlements in Eastern Siberia, on Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, on the Pacific coast, and the strait between North America and Asia was first sighted by a Russian explorer in 1648. The colonization of the Asian territories was largely peaceful, in sharp contrast to the build-up of other colonial empires of the time.Imperial Russia View of Neva River in Saint Petersburg Three generations of a Russian family, c.1910Main article: Imperial RussiaMuscovite control of the nascent nation continued after the Polish intervention of under the subsequent Romanov dynasty, beginning with Tsar Michael Romanov in 1613. Peter the Great (ruled in) defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede Ingria, Estland, and Livland. It was in Ingria that he founded a new capital, Saint Petersburg. Peter succeeded in bringing ideas and culture from Western Europe to a severely underdeveloped Russia. After his reforms, Russia emerged as a major European power.Catherine the Great, ruling from 1762 to 1796, continued the Petrine efforts at establishing Russia as one of the great powers of Europe. Examples of its eighteenth-century European involvement include the War of Polish Succession and the Seven Years" War. In the wake of the Partitions of Poland, Russia had taken territories with the ethnic Belarusian and Ukrainian population, earlier parts of Kievan Rus". As a result of the victorious Russian-Turkish wars, Russia"s borders expanded to the Black Sea and Russia set its goal on the protection of Balkan Christians against a Turkish yoke. In 1783, Russia and the Georgian Kingdom (which was almost totally devastated by Persian and Turkish invasions) signed the treaty of Georgievsk according to which Georgia received the protection of Russia.In 1812, having gathered nearly half a million soldiers from France, as well as from all of its conquered states in Europe, Napoleon invaded Russia but, after taking Moscow, was forced to retreat back to Europe. Almost 90% of the invading forces died as a result of on-going battles with the Russian army, guerillas and winter weather. The Russian armies ended their pursuit of the enemy by taking his capital, Paris. The officers of the Napoleonic wars brought back to Russia the ideas of liberalism and even attempted to curtail the tsar"s powers during the abortive Decembrist revolt (1825), which was followed by several decades of political repression. Another result of the Napoleonic wars was the incorporation of Bessarabia, Finland, and Congress Poland into the Russian Empire.The perseverance of Russian serfdom and the conservative policies of Nicholas I of Russia impeded the development of Imperial Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. As a result, the country was defeated in the Crimean War, 1853–1856, by an alliance of major European powers, including Britain, France, Ottoman Empire, and Piedmont-Sardinia. Nicholas"s successor Alexander II (1855–1881) was forced to undertake a series of comprehensive reforms and issued a decree abolishing serfdom in 1861. The Great Reforms of Alexander"s reign spurred increasingly rapid capitalist development and Sergei Witte"s attempts at industrialization. The Slavophile mood was on the rise, spearheaded by Russia"s victory in the Russo-Turkish War, which forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and autonomy of Bulgaria.The failure of agrarian reforms and suppression of the growing liberal intelligentsia were continuing problems however, and on the eve of World War I, the position of Tsar Nicholas II and his dynasty appeared precarious. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, and the consequent deterioration of the economy led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire, and ultimately to the overthrow in 1917 of the Romanovs.At the close of this Russian Revolution of 1917, a Marxist political faction called the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd and Moscow under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party. A bloody civil war ensued, pitting the Bolsheviks" Red Army against a loose confederation of anti-socialist monarchist and bourgeois forces known as the White Army. The Red Army triumphed, and the Soviet Union was formed in 1922.Russia as part of the Soviet Union St. Basil"s Cathedral and the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin in Moscow"s Red Square.Main articles: History of the Soviet Union and Russian SFSRThe Soviet Union was meant to be a trans-national worker"s state free from nationalism. The concept of Russia as a separate national entity was therefore not emphasized in the early Soviet Union. Although Russian institutions and cities certainly remained dominant, many non-Russians participated in the new government at all levels.LeninThis section is a stub. You can help by expanding it.StalinOne of these was a Georgian named Joseph Stalin. After Lenin"s death in 1924, a brief power struggle ensued, during which Stalin gradually eroded the various checks and balances which had been designed into the Soviet political system and assumed dictatorial power by the end of the decade. Leon Trotsky and almost all other Old Bolsheviks from the time of the Revolution were killed or exiled. At the end of 1930s, Stalin launched the Great Purges, a massive series of political repressions. Millions of people whom Stalin and local authorities suspected of being a threat to their power were executed or exiled to Gulag labor camps in remote areas of Siberia or Central Asia.Stalin forced rapid industrialization of the largely rural country and collectivization of its agriculture. In 1928, Stalin introduced his "First Five-Year Plan" for modernizing the Soviet economy. Most economic output was immediately diverted to establishing heavy industry. Civilian industry was modernized and many heavy weapon factories were established. The plan worked, in some sense, as the Soviet Union successfully transformed from an agrarian economy to a major industrial powerhouse in an unbelievably short span of time, but widespread misery and famine ensued for many millions of people as a result of the severe economic upheaval.After the Great Patriotic War started in 1941 the German army had considerable success in the early stages of the campaign, they suffered defeat when they reached the outskirts of Moscow. The Red Army then stopped the Nazi offensive at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, which became the decisive turning point for Germany"s fortunes in the war. The Soviets drove through Eastern Europe and captured Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945 (see Great Patriotic War). During the war, the Soviet Union lost more than 27 million [citizens] (including eighteen million [civilians]).

和很多人一样，我是从全战区转战到帝国区来的，开始上手的时候觉得帝国荣耀的画面和操作有点让人郁闷，不过好好玩一下，其实还是一个挺不错的游戏。罗马的确是一个很优秀的游戏，能抵得住这种压力做出来的帝国荣耀，自然有他的过人之处。帝国荣耀做的最好的地方之一，就是科技树!这是很重要的一点，科技树贯穿整个游戏，了解了科技树，就很容易明白：如何补充兵力，如何建商船，商路，如何和平演变，政体选择，怎么弄出三段击，怎么用line formation 和 square formation 这两种新阵法等等，我想这都是一些大家最关心的问题吧，本文主要讨论帝国荣耀的科技树，个人认为只要明白了科技树，就能完全明白这个游戏怎么玩了，所以题目叫超级攻略言归正传!科技树主要有四个分枝，分别是：Resource Branch(资源)，Military Branch(军事)，Political Branch(政治)，Commercial Branch(经济)。资源可以提高原材料，人口等的产出;军事关系到军队问题，政治关系到Sympathy points(本文意译为友好度)，这样就很好理解，当一个国家对你的友好度达到100时就和平演变成功了，嘿嘿。经济关系到钱。这里主要有三个时代，下面我们分时代分不同分支来说一下科技树。The first era(第一个时代)资源：1.Food Preservation(食物储藏)，完成后可以造warehouse(粮仓)，可以将(有粮仓的)城市每个回合没被消耗的粮食储存起来。2.Circular Saw(圆锯)，完成后可以造Saw Mills(伐木工厂)，使原材料的产量增加50%。3.Basic Education(基础教育)，完成后触发the Railway Quest(铁路)，quest就是有点像文明里那些世界奇观一样，有奖励的，快捷键是F4。允许建造Primary School(初等学校)，初等学校能够增加50%的Research Points (科技点)。4.Vaccination(种痘)，完成后可以造Local Hospital(地方医院)，同时可以触发the Medical Revolution Quest(医学革命)，Local Hospital可以增加城市50%的人口增长率。军事：1.Officer training(训练军官)，完成后可以造Military Academy(军事学院)，军事学院中能招Captain(上尉)和Militia(民兵。大不列颠例外，没民兵)，同时在城市中提供7个驻军空位。2.Basic Cavalry(初等骑兵)，完成后可造Basic Stables(初等马厩)，同时，完成这项科技之后可以在战场上俘虏敌人。初等马厩中可以造Lancers(枪骑兵)，Hussar(轻骑)。3.Basic Infantry(初等步兵)，完成后可造Basic Barracks(初等兵营)，在初等兵营中可以造the Line infantry(列兵)和the light infantry(轻步兵)。4.Artillery Industry(小型炮兵工业)，完成后以后可以在战场上俘虏敌军大炮，并且可建Basic Foundries(铸造车间)，在铸造车间中可以生产6 Pound Cannons(6磅炮)、Howitzers(榴弹炮)和Congreve Rocket(英国专有的康格里夫火炮)。5.Navy Infrastructure(小型海军部)，完成后可以造Military Harbour(小型军港)，并且在以后的海战中可以俘虏敌船。触发the ruler of the seas Quest(海上霸王)。在小型军港中可以生产Sloop(单桅纵帆船)。6.Tactical Manoeuvres(战术调度)，提高步兵和骑兵的肉搏防御及远程攻击。触发the World Fair Quest(世界事务)。完成后可以造Training Camp(训练营)，训练营准许将Captain(上尉)升级为Colonels(上校)。(上尉能带3个部队，上校能带4个部队)。同时使新招募的士兵级别由新兵变成中等兵，(一出来就有两颗星)。政治：1.Peaceful Annexation(和平演变)。完成后可以建Consualte(领事馆)，并且激活外交选项中的Commercial Treaty(贸易协定)，贸易协定就是能跟他国买卖交换资源，甚至买领土。领事馆可以增加所在国对我国的友好度5%。2.Journalism(新闻宣传)，激活外交选项中的Improve Relations(改善关系)。就是给他钱，以提高友好度。新闻宣传就可以在中立国上建Newspaper Office(报社)，可以加10%的友好度。同时触发the Rosetta Stone Quest(罗塞塔石碑)。3.Secret Service(秘密服务)，完成后可以建Department of Information(信息部门),使本国的地区影响提高到2级，就是可以在离的更远的国家上建领事馆等。经济：1.Trade Infrastructure(基础贸易)，完成后触发the Agrarian Revolution Quest(农业革命)，并且可以建造Trade Branch(贸易处)。小型贸易部完成后即可打通陆上商路，增加所经过的商路33%的商业收入。2.Harbour Infrastruture(初等港口)，允许建立海上商道，允许造Merchant Harbour(小型商业码头)，在小型商业码头里，我们可以造Brigantines(小型商船)。3.Market Reform(市场改革)，允许建造Department of Trade(贸易部)，激活外交选项中的Right of Passage(通行权)。使internal commerce(内部贸易)收入加33%。最后一项是升级到下个时代：Advance Era。这里我们遇到了一个问题，政体选择!政体有什么用?政体关系到后面的一些特色科技，不同政体科技有一点不同，第二时代有两个不同，第三时代有四个不同。另外，选择政体后，跟你同种政体的国家友好度会增加。第二时代有两个不同政体：Autocratic(独裁制度)和Democratic(民主制度)，(我是独裁者，所以)独裁者最大的好处是?继续看就知道了。The Second Era资源：1.Modern Agriculture(现代农业)，完成后可造Subsidised Farms(农田)，农田可以提高所在城市50%的粮食产量。2.Steam Pump(蒸气泵)，完成后可造Deep-shapt Mines(深层矿井)，提高所在城市75%的原材料产量。3.Healthcare Programme(健康护理计划)，允许造Modern Hospital(现代医院)。现代医院可以增加75%的人口增长。4.Modern Education(现代教育)，允许建Specialised Schools(专业学校)。专业学校可以提高所在城市100%的科技点。并且触发the Metric System Quest(计量系统)。军事：1.Advanced Officer training(高级军官训练)，提高骑兵的突击伤害，允许建造Advanced Military Academy(高级军事学院)，使步兵能使用the Double Line Formation(双列阵形)，触发the Treaty of Amiens Quest(亚眠条约)。在高级军事学院中，我们可以直接建造Colonels(上校)。并且提供12个空位，而不是原来的7个。防卫空位有什么用?可以进驻部队。部队进驻军事学院里就不用维护费了。2.Advanced Cavalry(高级骑兵)，允许建造Advanced Stables(高级马厩)，在高级马厩中我们可造Dragoons(龙骑)。同时触发the Simon Bolivar Quest(玻利瓦尔)。3.Advanced Infantry(高级步兵)，允许使用Square Formation(方阵)，允许建造Advanced Barracks(高级兵营)，在高级兵营中，我们可以建造Grenadiers(精锐部队)，Elite Light Infantry(精英轻步兵)，(英国的精英轻步兵是rifleman，来复枪兵)。4.Organised Navy(组建海军)，允许建造Military Port(中型军港)。中型军港中可以生产frigate(小型军舰)。5.Naval Manoeuvies(海军调度)，允许建造Naval Academy(海军学院)，增加船员的经验，使你新造的军舰达到二级军舰的水平。6.Artillery Manufacturing(高级炮兵生产)，允许建造Advanced Foundries(高级铸造车间)，高级铸造车间中可造12 pround cannons(12磅炮)。7.Strategic Monoeuvres(战略调度)，提高炮兵的影响范围及对于远程攻击的防御。允许建造Firing Ranges(射击场)。射击场使新造出来的士兵达到老兵水平(三颗星)。同时允许把上校提升为将军(建成后全部上校直接升级为将军)。8.Surgery(外科学)，允许建造Military Hospital(军事医院)，军事医院可以补充兵力!就冲着这个科技，我愿意与所有民主国家为敌，嘿嘿。政治：1.Culture Influence(文化影响)，激活外交选项中的Military Aid(军事援助)，就是向他国请求军事援助。允许建造Culture Centre(文化中心)，文化中心加20%的友好度。2.Progaganda(宣传活动)，允许建造Army Bulletin(军报)，军报可以加5%的友好度，并且每回合+0.3%。3.Spy Network(间谍网)，允许建造the ministry of Foreign Affairs(外交部)，使我国的影响力提高到**。触发the Continental Blockade Quest(大陆封锁)。经济：1.Foreign Policy(外交政策)，允许建造Trade Bureau(贸易署)，贸易署可提高陆地商路利润66%。使你拥有Commercial Espionage(商业间谍)，可以看见他国的商路。这样就能断他们的财路了! 2.Industrialised Port(工业化港口)，允许建造Merchant Ports(中型商业码头)。中型商业码头中可建Packet(班轮，定期邮船)，增加66%的海上贸易收入。3.Market Network(市场网络)，使你拥有Industrial Espionage(工业间谍)，让你了解敌人正在建造什么。激活外交选项中的Loan of Armies(借兵)，这里借兵是指借给别人军队(好象没还的)，换取金钱。同时允许建造Trade Network(贸易网络)，提高国内贸易收入66%。4.Coastguard(海岸卫队)，允许建造Argand Lighthouse(阿冈德灯塔)，给你提供1级的海上视野，触发the Cartography Quest(制图法)。5.Customs Duties(关税)，允许建造Border Posts(出入境处)，出入境处可以向我国境内的外国贸易征收25%的所得税。6.Smuggling(走私)，允许建造Black Market Warehouse(黑市)，即使陆上商路被封，也能拿回50%的贸易收入。如果你选的是民主政体，那么Progaganda(宣传活动)这个科技会变成Foreign Investment(外国资本)，允许建造Infrastructure(基础设施)，基础设施所在国家每回合与你增加0.5%的友好度。而Surgery(外科学)这个科技会变成Taxation Systems(税务系统)，允许建造Tax Collection Buildings(税务所)，增加50%的货币收入。

土地改革land reform; agrarian reform

Whose Dragon Boat Festival?For traditional Asian culture facing same modernization challenge, China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) are both only one of the representatives, perhaps in the process of breaking through an encirclement, Dragon Boat Festival [Duan Wu] (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month) will become a shared cultural heritage in the East Asian cultural circle.No matter whether or not the ROK applies for making Dragon Boat Festival a world cultural heritage for its own country, the topic of China"s traditional national culture has once again aroused the Chinese people"s attention, the ROK which is also in the same cultural circle has many things that are worthwhile for China to use as reference."Duan Wu as a cultural heritage" in S. Koreans" eyesReporter Zhang Li of the International Herald Leader stationed in Seoul reported: the news about the ROK prepared to apply for making the Dragon Boat Festival a world cultural heritage has touched off divergent opinions, then what does S. Korean Dragon Boat Festival look like? To what degree has the ROK application work proceeded? And how do S. Koreans view China"s "defense of Dragon Boat Festival"?"Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" applied for status as cultural heritage to boost local economyDragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival and Mid-autumn Festival together are the three major festivals of the ROK, Duan Wu Festival is quite popular in the eastern areas centered on Jiang Ling. There are records on the customs of spending the Dragon Boat Festival in ancient South Korean books: "The Annals of Wei" andThe Classic of ROK" which recorded ancient customs and habits.It is said that the "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" has a history of more than 100 years and currently has been formed into a complete set of comprehensive activity system featuring the folk customs of the ROK, the procedures encompass "brewing nectar", "worshipping mountain god", "felling god trees", "memorial rites of welcoming gods", "sorcery of Duan Wu", and "memorial rites of seeing off gods" as well as various other activities of offering sacrifices to gods. A special official is assigned to preside over these activities.Besides sacrificial activities, there are also swing, wrestling, masque, the pleasure of farmers, folk songs and many other folk customs, games and cultural activities. In addition, the Duan Wu memorial rites also include "disorderly sites", i.e., large markets and sites where performances regarding folk customs are staged. Because the "disorderly sites" can attract large groups of people to come for sightseeing and consumption, they are therefore regarded as one of the most important factors in applying for the status of ??????Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" as a world cultural heritage.At present, large-scale Jiang Ling sightseeing folk customs festival, centered on the "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites", is held by Jiang Ling City every year, which invites theatrical troupes and personages in the cultural circle from various countries to come to participate in the activity. In recent years, the city has invested more than 10 billion won in building a "Duan Wu Village" on the 6,000 -sq. m. land vacated by dismantling residents" sports grounds, its aim is to preserve and publicize this "invisible culture-related finance", create an atmosphere of applying for the status of world cultural heritage and finally boosting the Jiang Ling regional economy.The Jiang Ling "Duan Wu Memorial Rites" of the ROK was designated as the country"s "important invisible culture-related finance" in 1967. In early 2003, the Culture Finance Department of the ROK decided to report the country"s No.13 "important invisible culture finance" to the UNESCO, applying for it the status as a cultural heritage. It is reported that currently the ROK has ancestral temple memorial ceremony, sacrificial rite music and traditional comic dialog, which have been granted the status as world cultural heritages by the UNESCO. Currently the S. Korean government and Jiang Ling City authority have produced propaganda trailers of 10 minutes and two hours in length respectively, a 150-page application document as well as photos and other materials, applying for the status of "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" as world cultural heritages, the preparatory work of application is now drawing to an end, they are prepared to formally file an application with the UNESCO in September this year. It is reported that UNESTCO will finally decide in July 2005 on whether S. Korea"s "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Ritres" will be granted the status as world cultural heritage.S. Koreans" reaction to China"s "defense of Duan Wu"After Chinese media reported the news about the ROK ready to apply for the staus of Dragon Boat Festival as a world cultural heritage, ROK media gave rapid reaction. Chosun Iibo of the ROK published a commentary saying that although Dragon Boat Festival originated in the story about Qu Yuan in the Chu State of China, the ROK and Japan had designated Duan Wu as festival long ago. S. Korea"s "Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites" brought together dozens of sacrificial rites and folk customs and games, making them rich and grand farming cultural celebrations which have attracted world attention, that"s why the ROK decided to apply for their status as world cultural heritages.In the opinions of S. Korean scholars, the Dragon Boat Festivals of the ROK and China differ vastly. China"s Dragon Boat Festival contains Dragon Boats offering sacrificial to Qu Yuan, while Jiang Ling, though located by the seaside, doesn"t contain this activity. S. Korea"s Duan Wu Festival contains the activity of worshipping regional renowned figures as patron saints. These scholars pointed out that at the Asia International Folk Customs Symposium in 1997 and the 2002 Seminar concerning the Drgon Boat Festival held by S. Korean, Chinese and Japanese scholars, Chinese scholars acknowledged that Jiang Ling"s Duan Wu customs are different from that of China"s.According to a ROK media report, Liang Ling City and Jiang Ling Cultural Academy will take the disputes sparked by Dragon Boat Festival as an opportunity for them to publicize the actual conditions of Jiang Ling Duan Wu Memorial Rites to the International community and are ready to gather together experts, professors and other scholars to jointly study and explore countermeasures.------------------------------------------------------------------China"s Dragon Boat Festival and South Korea"s Gangneung Danoje Festival fall on the same day that is the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar.However, the two festivals differ vastly.Legend of Dragon Boat Festival"s originAt the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the area we now know as China had fallen into a state of fragmentation and conflict. While the Zhou dynasty had ruled for several centuries, several other states, originally feudal domains, tried to carve out their own kingdoms. The state of Qin would eventually emerge the victor and unify all of China under one rule for the first time in history.Qu Yuan, a famous poet, served as minister to the Zhou Emperor. A wise and articulate man, he was loved by the common people. He did much to fight against the rampant corruption that plagued the court-- thereby earning the envy and fear of other officials. Therefore, when he urged the emperor to avoid conflict with the Qin Kingdom, the officials pressured the Emperor to have him removed from service. In exile, he traveled, taught and wrote for several years. Hearing that the Zhou had been defeated by the Qin, he fell into despair and threw himself into the Milou River on the fifth day of the fifth month.People were sad over the patriotic poet"s death. They tossed rice and meat into the river to feed the fish, which would protect Qu"s body.Legend of Gangneung Danoje Festival"s originWhen Korea was an agrarian society, people traditionally spent the day enjoying themselves after completing the arduous labor of spring planting and preparing for the summer farming season.Villagers engaged in traditional rituals, such as making offerings of food to their ancestors in the hope for a prosperous harvest. Various events were held on Dano throughout the country, such as "ssirum" or Korean-style wrestling.The highlight of the day was seeing the winning wrestler awarded a bull, possibly the top prize in the agrarian society.Women competed with each other on swings to determine who could swing the highest while standing up, with the winner usually receiving a gold ring. Under the strict Confucian society of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), Dano was a day of release for the community"s women, who were usually kept behind closed doors, but on this day were given official permission to go out to the village gardens.Joseon kings presented folding fans to their subjects on Dano as gifts to help them cool down during the scorching summer heat.Women would add a shine to their jet-black hair by washing it in hot water with boiled iris leaves, a practice especially popular with the younger generations. Later, groups would gather to enjoy "surichi ddeok," a traditional rice cake made with various herbs.Over time, the day was developed and incorporated into the unique festivals of each region after it originated from China about 2,500 years ago.Dragon Boat Festival"s featureZongzi (Chinese rice dumplings)Zongzi, as the traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival, is a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves to give it a special flavor, varies greatly across China.Zongzi is often made of rice mixed with dates in Northern China, because dates are abundant in the area. Eastern China"s Jiaxing County is famous for its pork-stuffed Zongzi. In the southern province of Guangdong, people stuff Zong Zi with pork, ham, chestnuts and other ingredients, making them very rich in flavor. In Sichuan province, Zongzi is usually served with a sugar dressing. Most people still maintain the tradition of eating Zongzi on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival.Dragon boat raceDragon boat races are the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat festival, especially in Southern China.A typical dragon boat ranges from 50-100 feet in length, with a beam of about 5.5 feet, accommodating two paddlers seated side by side. It is brightly painted in red, white, yellow and black. A wooden dragon head is attached at the bow, and a dragon tail at the stern. A banner hoisted on a pole is also fastened at the stern. In the center of the boat is a canopied shrine behind which the drummers, gong beaters and cymbal players are seated to set the pace for the paddlers. There are also men positioned at the bow to set off firecrackers, toss rice into the water and pretend to be looking for Qu Yuan. All of the noise and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and spectators alike.Before the race gets underway, a solemn ceremony is held to worship the Dragon King.Dragon boat racing is quite a spectacle, with drums beating, colorful flags waving, and thousands of people cheering on both sides of the river.Races can have any number of boats competing, with the winner being the first team to grab a flag at the end of the course. Annual races take place all over China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and other overseas Chinese communities.Gangneung Danoje Festival"s featureGangneung Danoje Festival rooted in Chinese culture also falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the lunar calendar. However, the festival actually lasts for a month from April 5 to May 7 in the lunar calendar. It takes place in the town of Gangneung and its surroundings, situated east of the Taebaek Mountain Range on the Korean peninsula.It is a day when Koreans have prayed for favorable weather for farming and fishing and a good fall harvest.Customs of China"s Dragon Boat FestivalBesides eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats, the Dragon Boat Festival used to have other interesting customs.Ancient Chinese believed the day of Duanwu was unlucky because midsummer was just around the corner. The hot weather used to bring various diseases, which could spread rampantly. Dispelling disease and driving out evil were the main purpose of the festival. People would paste on their front doors pictures of Zhongkui, a legendary Chinese ghost-catcher. People would also use cattail and mugwort leaves to drive away mosquitoes and other insects.Since children are generally the most vulnerable to disease, they received extra care at this special time. Children would wear necklaces or bracelets, made of red, yellow, blue, white and black threads, to keep evil away from them. They would also receive colorful pouches containing fragrant herbal medicines as presents. They hung these around their necks, and would compete with one another to see whose pouch had the finest needlework. Mothers also made sure to bathe their children in water boiled with herbal medicines. Modern science has proven that these medicines are, in fact, quite beneficial to health.Ancient Chinese believed realgar was an antidote for all poisons, and therefore most effective to drive away evil spirits and kill insects. So everyone would drink some realgar wine during the Duanwu Festival, and children would have the Chinese character for "King" written on their foreheads with realgar wine.Customs of South Korea"s Gangneung Danoje Festiv

algerian a. 阿尔及利亚的 amerindian n. 美洲印第安人 amphibian a. 两栖类的,水陆两用的 antediluvian adj. 史前的，陈旧的 antiquarian n. 古物研究者,收集古物者 agrarian a. 有关土地的,耕地的 Arabian adj.阿拉伯的 扩展资料 　　artesian adj.自流的`（井等） 　　Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 　　assyrian a. 亚述人的；n. 亚述人 　　athenian a. 雅典(人)的；n. 雅典人 　　australian n. 澳大利亚人；澳洲人，adj. 澳大利亚的；澳洲的

名词就是词性；系动词简单来说是联系主语和表语的动词，可以翻译为是或不翻译；表语是句子成分，不是单词，因而没有词性。表语可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，表语从句充当。 VI是不及物动词 及物动词和不及物动词是动词的两种不同类型，许多学生使用时容易混淆，现加以区别。 及物动词，也称他动词，外动词，必须带宾语的动词和能够带受事宾语或关系宾语的动词。不及物动词，也称自动词，内动词，不能直接带宾语的动词和能带施事宾语的动词。 及物动词与不及物动词的根本区别是：及物动词能带宾语，如“他买菜”、“写书”、“挖洞”等；不及物动词不能直接带宾语。如“游行”、“出发”、“休息”等，就不能直接带宾语，不能说“游行学生”。 再者，及物动词带的宾语是受事宾语，表示动作行为的对象或结果。例如：妇女也能下河摸鱼，还能放鹅。“摸”和“放”都是及物动词，“鱼”和“鹅”做受事宾语，表示动作行为的对象。再如：我时常写点诗、小小说等。“诗”、“小小说”做及物动词“写”的受事宾语，表示动作行为的结果。不及物动词后不能带表示动作对象或结果的宾语，而且不能只单用一个动词，通常必须带有“了”、“着”、“过”或者趋向的补语，从而构成存现句。不及物动词后的这种宾语叫施事宾语。例如：天空中飘着朵朵白云。用“着”作补语，“朵朵白云”便是施事宾语。 有的动词有两种或多种意义，有的意义可以带宾语，有的意义不能带宾语。如“笑”这个词，在“不要笑我”这个句子中是“嘲笑”的意思，是能带宾语的及物动词，在“他笑了” 这个句子中是“高兴”的意思，是不能带宾语的不及物动词。

【 #英语资源# 导语】勋章代表着荣耀，军装透漏出庄严，钢枪代表着捍卫，军旗绽放出光彩！是你们带给我们和平和安宁，在此建军节，为威武之狮献出崇高的敬意！下面是 整理的内容，希望对你们有帮助！ 1.建军节英语作文范文 　　August 1 Army Day again. It was a fine day with white clouds and even the birds in the trees seemed to be singing. Our courtyard red flag fluttering, the PLA aunts and uncles are wearing new uniforms, everyone happy smiling face, because this day is their own festival. 　　XX years ago today, comrade XXX launched the Nanchang Uprising, since then the revolutionary army continued to develop and grow, from the base area counter-encircled and suppressed, to the long March of 25 thousand li, defeated the Japanese XX bandits, finally defeated the Jiang XX dynasty, the establishment of new China. We can live a happy life today, must not forget those martyrs, without their blood shed, we can not sit in the spacious bright classroom reading. The PLA is always close to our heart. 　　I have always had a wish, grow up must be a glorious PLA soldier. My ideal is to fly our own aircraft, flying in the blue sky of the motherland, guarding our mountains and rivers. In order to realize this ideal, I must study hard on cultural knowledge from now on, and better master revolutionary skills in the future. 　　There are a lot of PLA uncles and aunts in our compound. They heal the wounded and rescue the dying, practice revolutionary humanitarianism, and cure a lot of people"s diseases. Although they are not in the smoke of the battlefield charge, but in the ordinary post made extraordinary achievements, is also the hero of peace, is also the most lovely people in our times. Every time I see them rescuing a patient, I am filled with admiration. 　　Although we are living a happy life, we should not forget that our Compatriots in Taiwan are still living in dire straits. Our people"s Liberation Army is a not afraid of hardship, two not afraid of death of the team, our national defense force is constantly strengthening, so we will liberate Taiwan, August 1 military flag will also fly high in the motherland treasure island. To that day, I will go to Taiwan to visit children as old as I am, and they sing together "PLA March". 　　XXX taught us: "people do not make me, I do not prisoners, if people make me, I will prisoners." With the Great Wall of steel of the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army, we are sure to defeat any invader"s attack. Our PLA is the largest army in the world. With this army, we can surely liberate two thirds of the suffering of the world, and Intenschonnel will do it! 2.建军节英语作文范文 　　Before what is August 1 army Day, I do not know at all. These days, my father told me a lot about the history and story of the August 1 Army Day, AND I looked at a lot of information on the Internet, and finally understand the meaning of the August 1 Army Day. On August 1, 1927, the former Enemy Committee headed by XXX and XX, XX, XX, XXX and other leaders of the Northern Expedition of 20,000 people. An armed uprising was held in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, the first shot of XXX"s armed resistance in China. Without the Nanchang Uprising, there would have been no victory of the Chinese revolution, new China would not have been born, and we would not be able to live a happy life now. Thinking of this, I could not help feeling awe and gratitude for the dignified and great PLA soldiers. 　　At the moment I understand, why our national flag is red, the original is millions of soldiers with red blood dyed! I stood under the red flag and solemnly saluted -- a red scarf for the noble soldiers of the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army salute! Now I realized how hard it had been to come by our seemingly unpretentious life. To the motherland, to the PEOPLE"s Liberation Army soldiers, parents and elders of gratitude, thank you! Because of you, we are so fresh and beautiful today! Because of you, my life is colorful! Because of you, we can grow up healthily and make progress every day! 　　At this moment, I understand the TV, the network reported "XX to occupy our XXX", "XXX, XX to occupy our XXX island" and other news is true. At this moment, I finally understand the father said "backward will be beaten" truth: because our country"s economic strength up, the naval strength is not strong enough, was bullied by the weak countries! 　　 　　On the eve of the August 1 Army Day, I aspire to study well, exercise, study hard skills, grow up to serve the motherland, fight against invaders, protect the country, let more people live a happy life! 3.建军节英语作文范文 　　The PLA Army Day is a commemorative festival in China. It is held on August 1 every year. XXX after his betrayal of the revolution in April 1927, the Chinese workers party to save the revolution, workers in China in this year"s August 1 is produced under the leadership of the party committee of frustrated, by XXX, XXX, XXX, XXX and XXX comrade led the work of the party affected the northern expeditionary army more than 30000 people, in nanchang of jiangxi province held an armed uprising, the kuomintang (KMT) * fired the first shot. In April 1928, the uprising troops arrived in Jinggangshan, and the troops led by XXX successfully joined forces and formed the Red Army of Chinese workers and Peasants. From then on, the revolutionary Chinese Industrial Party belonging to the people under the leadership of XXXX was established, and gradually developed and grew into today"s Chinese People"s Liberation Army. Therefore, August 1st was designated as the Army Day. 　　On June 26, 1933, the XX Bureau in the Soviet Area, the leading organ of the CPC in the revolutionary base areas, made the "Decision of the Central Bureau on August 1 International Day of Anti-War Struggle and commemoration of the establishment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army" according to the suggestion of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. On June 30 of the same year, the Central XXXXXX Committee issued an order concerning the decision of August 1 as the Anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Workers" and Peasants" Red Army, pointing out that: "On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang uprising led by the communist Party, a proletarian political party, took place. This violent movement was the beginning of the agrarian revolution against imperialism and the source of the heroic red army of workers and peasants." On July 11, the people"s Committee of the Central Government, the central authority in the revolutionary base area, held its 46th meeting and decided to "approve the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and set August 1 as the Anniversary of the Chinese Workers and Peasants" Red Army every year". And pointed out that "The Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants gradually grew up in the struggle from the XX uprising". Provisions "in this year"s "August 1, the Red Army Day awarded the battle flag in the Red Army regiment, at the same time awarded the award in the leadership of the southern XX movement responsible comrades and the Red Army commanders and combatants have special meritorious service", "the development of the Red Army family outstanding certificate". 　　Since then, every "August 1" army Day, to carry out the activities of military support and superior families. After the formation of the Chinese People"s Liberation Army, still "August 1" as the army Day. 4.建军节英语作文范文 　　Today is August 1 Army Day, my father took our sister and brother to climb the mountain, I listen to say "I don"t want to climb the mountain!" Dad had no choice but to make a posture of meditation. Well, it looks like I"m going to have to take another moral lesson. 　　Sure enough, the moral lesson began: "Yingying, you once went to the lecture of The Red Journey. You must be familiar with the word "Red Army", right? Do you remember how they climbed the snowy mountains and crossed the meadows?" I quickly nodded, said: "Remember remember! At that time, but after a long journey through mountains and rivers, through untold hardships! I heard that the earth, cloth shoes as a meal." Is ah! The Red Army uncles ate only one or two meals a day, or even went without food for several days. Their stomachs were empty." "Goodness!" The younger brother"s eyes widened and his mouth formed an O. "How can I bear this?" "It"s like you, screaming after skipping a meal! The Red Army is still facing greater hardship! Their long march lasted about two years and covered about 25,000 kilometers! Twenty-five thousand kilometers! Equivalent to climbing dozens of such Huangshan ah! Not only to face the cold and heat, but also to intercept and chase the enemy!" I looked at my brother with disdain and proudly showed off what I had learned from the lecture. "How do you compare yourself to the Reds?" Dad looked at me playfully. My face turned red. 　　"Oh, I know, I know! I am not afraid of difficulties, a small red army! I"m a little red army!" The younger brother shouted excitedly into the valley. "Rightness! I also want to be a little red army, I also want to be not afraid of difficulties!" Affected by the younger brother, I also shouted at the valley: "Red army uncle, we want to be the little red army! We also want to be the little Red army!" 　　Uncle Red Army, do you hear that? Your heroic deeds are celebrated; Uncle Red Army, did you see it? How many people walk the way you did, the trials and tribulations you have faced; Uncle Red Army, do you feel it? Your spirit of self-improvement and optimism has been carried forward on us, and your lofty image has been deeply imprinted on the hearts of the people. And we, like you, will bear hardships and stand hard work, brave and forge ahead, vowed to do the new era of the "little red army"! 5.建军节英语作文范文 　　"There are clusters of olive green in the place where the morning glow flows, and the grassland is peaceful with the steps of youth in my time. The responsibility of soldiers is condensed in the sacred sentry post, and I never have a rest in the days and months covered with wind and rain..." What a touching song it is! Whenever this beautiful melody waves in my ears, I always think of the group in olive green. 　　Every day, in the green camp will spread a loud slogan: "one, two, three, four! One two three four!" "Blood, sweat, no tears! Drop skin drop flesh not to fall behind!" A brief slogan, it is said their hearts: serve the people wholeheartedly! To the motherland and the people to hand over a satisfactory answer! Every soldier since the beginning of the army, it is no longer the "little master" of the family, they should always remember their mission, for the motherland and the people struggle for life! They begin the transformation from caterpillar to butterfly, they will become a real soldier, a real man! 　　You may have seen soldiers in the parade field valiant valiant posture, but you know soldiers in the practice field suffering? In the winter, the ground is covered with a thick layer of snow, people are freezing wearing thick cotton-padded jacket, wrapped himself in it, but the olive green, they do not wear a coat, bare arms, ground teeth creeping in the snow, in the above practice; Special forces will crawl in the mud, but also from time to time there are officers with a faucet directly into the water to them, these water for them are commonplace... I did not see them shrink back to tears, but they were in the mud dyed black face revealed rows of white teeth, they are so optimistic, this is their unique accomplishment! 　　They sacrifice themselves, they shed their youth sweat, they are all for the happiness of the people and the security of the motherland. The flag is above life in the eyes of the guard. Peng Kai, a soldier, once passed by a department store in Beijing and saw a corner of the national flag on the roof broken. He immediately went to the store owner and told him about the national flag. The owner was so convinced that he immediately changed a new national flag. The Flag guards are proving it with their actions! 　　That olive green on the body, let how many people naturally produced the heart of worship to the soldier, the heroic appearance when stepping goose-step, let how many people focus on distant hope. Solemn solemn sonorous and powerful slogan neat and uniform action, leaving a person is a perfect feeling. 　　Here, let"s salute the loveliest person of the 21st century!

1. A total of2.XX, XX, XX tenant in common3. The state / private4. Residential5.XX Hill6. The right person7. Premises located8. Agrarian situation9. Ownership of properties10. Uses11. To No.12. Drawing No.13. Land Level14. Lifespan15. Usable area16. A total area of17. Exclusive use area18. Sharing Area19. Which share an area of20. Housing status21. Proprietary nature of the22. Construction area23. Building Number24. Building No.25. Room number or location26. Types27. New Workshops28. Structure29. Reinforced Concrete30. Storeys31. Completion Date32. Area Unit: square meters33. Real estate other rights Summary34. The right kind35. Purchase the stock of housing mortgage36. Other rights that number37. The right to the value of38. Surviving Date39. Excursus Information40.XX Real Estate Registry

ag,act 做，驱动 agent代理人 active活动的，积极的 agr 农田 agriculture农业 agrarian田地的 am 爱，亲爱 amicable友善的 amiable和蔼可亲的 anim 心灵，精神，生命 animal动物 animate有生命的 ann，enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世纪的 astro 星 astronomy天文学 astronaut宇宙航行员 audi 听 audience听众 audible听得见的 bell 战争 rebellion反叛，反抗 bellicose好战的 bio 生命，生物 biology生物学 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短 brevity 简短 abbreviate缩短，节略 cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任 cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出现，发生 current流通的 cycl 圆，环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风 di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者 dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示 duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱 ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃 fact 做，制 factory工厂 manufacture制造，加工 fer 带,拿 transfer转移 ferry渡船 flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒 form 形式，外形 transform改变 formula公式 fract,frag破，折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的 fus 倾，注，溶化 fusion熔解 effuse泻出 gen 起源 generate使产生 genetic遗传的 geo 地球，土地 geography地理 geology地质学 grad 步，走，级 gradual逐步的 graduate毕业 gram 写，记录 diagram图表 program节目单，方案 graph 写,画，记录 photograph照像 autograph亲笔，手稿 gress 行走 progress进步 retrogress后退 hap 机会，运气，偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸 hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好客的，殷勤的 insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔绝，孤立 hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓 ject 投，掷，抛 eject射出 project投射 junct 连接，结合 conjunction连接词 adjunct附属物 lect,leg,lig 挑选，采集 lect 选举 selection选举 eligible合格的，合适的 lev 举，升 elevator电梯 lever杠杆 liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主义的 lingu 语言 linguist语言学家 bilingual两种语言的 liter 文字，字母 literate识字的 literature文学 loc 地方 local当地的 locate使座落于 log 词，语言，讲演 dialogue对话 logic逻辑 loqu 说话 eloquent雄辩的 colloquial口语的，会话的 manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的，用手的 medi 中间 medium中等的 mediation居中调解 memor 记忆，记住的 memory记忆 memorial纪念日，纪念物 milit 兵 military军事的 militant战斗性的 min 少，小 inority少数 diminish减少，减小 mob,mot,mov 移动 mobile活动的 motion运动 immovable不可移动的 mort 死亡 mortal终有一死的 mortician承办殡葬的人 nov 新 novel小说 novelty新奇 numer 数 numeral数字的 numerous为数众多的 oper 工作 operate操作 coue011operate合作 opt 视线，光线 optic视力的 optics光学 path 感情，苦楚，疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可怜的 pel 推，逐，驱 expel驱逐 repel击退，反击，抵抗 pend,pen 悬挂 depend依靠 pendent悬空的 phon 声音 microphone扩音器 telephone电话 plen 满，全 plenty充足，大量 plentitude丰富，充足 pon,pos 放置 postpone推迟 position位置sens,sent 感觉 sensation感觉 sentiment感情 sol 太阳 solar太阳的 parasol阳伞 spec 看 spectacle光景，景象 prospect展望 spir 呼吸，生命 conspire共谋 inspire吸气，鼓舞 tact,tang,tag 接触 intact未接触的 tangible可接触的 tail 切，割 tailor裁缝 retail零售 tain,ten,tin 保持，握，容纳 contain容纳 obtain取得,sustain支持 tect 掩，盖 detect侦察 发觉,detective侦探的 tele 远 telescope望远镜 telegram电报 tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸开，扩展 extensive广阔的

Agriculture

　　人文就是人类文化中的先进部分和核心部分，即先进的价值观及其规范。其集中体现是：重视人，尊重人，关心人，爱护人。简而言之，人文，即重视人的文化。那么你知道吗?下面来学习一下吧。 　　人文的英语说法1： 　　humanity 　　人文的英语说法2： 　　Liberal Arts 　　人文的相关短语： 　　人文关怀 humanistic concern ; humanistic care 　　人文艺术 Humanities ; Arts ; 　　人文内涵 humanistic intension 　　人文知识 General Knowledge 　　人文研究 humanistic studies 　　人文的英语例句： 　　1. to be elected to fellowship of the British Academy 　　当选为英国人文社会科学院的院士 　　2. She has a background in humanities and modern languages. 　　她学过人文学科和现代语言. 　　3. Like the Humanists or the Agrarians, he has always thought tradition important. 　　一如人文主义者和重农派, 他一贯认为传统是重要的. 　　4. London was the biggest aggregation of human life. 　　伦敦是人文荟萃之区. 　　5. We see all human institutions grow and change. 　　我们看到一切人文制度的生长和变化. 　　6. The medieval universities generally had four faculties: theology, law, medicine and the liberal arts. 　　中世纪大学一般由四个学院组成: 神学院 、 法学院 、 医学院和人文学院. 　　7. In many cases, a study of arts was taken as a preliminary to the other faculties. 　　在许多情况下, 人文学科被视为进入其他学院的预科. 　　8. In jurisprudence, science, and the arts, man has revealed the boundless magnitude of his mind. 　　在法学 、 科学和人文学科方面, 人类显示出来的智慧也是博大无边的. 　　9. London was " the biggest aggregation of human life - the most plete pendium of the world ". 　　伦敦是 “ 人文荟萃之区,全球最完备的缩影 ”. 　　10. Humanist education was based on the study of poetry, grammar, ethicsandrhetoric. 　　人文教育的基础是研究诗歌, 语法, 职业道德和言论. 　　11. Marginalized in the humanistic quality of education will face a new crisis. 　　处在边缘化的人文素质教育将面临新的危机. 　　12. Human geography has a good advantage is an elegant garden - like school environments. 　　具有良好的人文地理优势,是一所环境优雅的花园式学校. 　　13. South ditch Xu enchanting natural scenery, abundant human resources and rmation. 　　沟南许地自然景色迷人, 人文资源底蕴丰厚. 　　14. Lampeter has a special focus on the humanities and social sciences. 　　兰姆斯特特别注重于人文和社会科学. 　　15. Presently , entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence - creating are the sublimation of the spirit. 　　在新的历史条件下, “创业创新创优”的三创精神是新时期江苏人文精神的升华.

1. abol=to do away with废除 abolish废除2. ab-sum=not present离开 absent不在3. abyssys=bottom底 abyss深渊4. ac=an oak栎属植物 acorn橡树子5. acer=a field原野 acre英亩6. acer=sharp尖锐的 acerbity酸7. acidus=sour发酸 acid酸8. acu=sharpen削尖 acumen敏锐9. aedes=a house住宅 edifice屋宇10. aequus=equal相等的 equal平等的11. aer=air空气 aerate充气12. aer=before以前 ere在…之前13. aesth=feel发觉 aesthete审美家14. aestimo=to value估价 esteem尊重15. aeternus=of endless duration永久的 eternity永恒16. aevum=age年龄 coeval同年代的17. afen=evening晚上 eve黄昏18. afre=always永远 ever永远19. ag=act行动 agency力量20. agan=to own承认 owe感谢21. aggelos=a messenger通信员 angel天使22. agger=heap堆积 exaggerate夸大23. ago=lead引导 pedagog教师24. ago=to do做 agile敏捷的25. agon=contest争夺 agonal濒死26. agr=field原野 agrarian土地的27. aither=burn烧 ether太空28. alb=white白的 alb白长袍29. ali=another又一 alias别名30. alo=to nourish营养 aliment食物31. alt=high高的 alter祭坛32. alter=the other of tow两者的另外一个 alter改变33. ambio=I go round about我在周围到处走 ambition抱负34. ambulo=I walk我步行 preamble序言35. amo=I love我爱 amiable可亲的36. ampl=wide广大 ample广大的37. an=one一个 any什么38. ancestre=one who goes before走在先前的人 ancestor祖宗39. ancien=old古代的 ancient古代的40. anemos=wind风 enemograph风速计41. angl=a corner角 angle角42. ango=to choke呛 anguish苦恼43. anim=breath呼吸 animal动物44. anism=mind心 animosity敌意45. ann=year年 annual周年的46. answer=to declare in opposition回答 answer up应对迅速47. anth=flower花 anthology选集48. anthropos=man人 anthropocentric以人类为宇宙中心的49. antiqunus=ancient古代的 antic古怪的50. apell=call by name叫 appeal要求还有好多好多。。。给个邮箱吧

http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html

那不就多了去了吗这样的词不胜枚举

　　人文就是人类 文化 中的先进部分和核心部分，即先进的价值观及其规范。其集中体现是：重视人，尊重人，关心人，爱护人。简而言之，人文，即重视人的文化。那么你知道人文用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。 　　人文的英语说法1： 　　humanity 　　人文的英语说法2： 　　Liberal Arts 　　人文的相关 短语 ： 　　人文关怀 humanistic concern ; humanistic care 　　人文艺术 Humanities ; Arts ; 　　人文内涵 humanistic intension 　　人文知识 General Knowledge 　　人文研究 humanistic studies 　　人文的英语例句： 　　1. to be elected to fellowship of the British Academy 　　当选为英国人文社会科学院的院士 　　2. She has a background in humanities and modern languages. 　　她学过人文学科和现代语言. 　　3. Like the Humanists or the Agrarians, he has always thought tradition important. 　　一如人文主义者和重农派, 他一贯认为传统是重要的. 　　4. London was the biggest aggregation of human life. 　　伦敦是人文荟萃之区. 　　5. We see all human institutions grow and change. 　　我们看到一切人文制度的生长和变化. 　　6. The medieval universities generally had four faculties: theology, law, medicine and the liberal arts. 　　中世纪大学一般由四个学院组成: 神学院 、 法学院 、 医学院和人文学院. 　　7. In many cases, a study of arts was taken as a preliminary to the other faculties. 　　在许多情况下, 人文学科被视为进入其他学院的预科. 　　8. In jurisprudence, science, and the arts, man has revealed the boundless magnitude of his mind. 　　在法学 、 科学和人文学科方面, 人类显示出来的智慧也是博大无边的. 　　9. London was " the biggest aggregation of human life - the most complete compendium of the world ". 　　伦敦是 “ 人文荟萃之区,全球最完备的缩影 ”. 　　10. Humanist education was based on the study of poetry, grammar, ethicsandrhetoric. 　　人文 教育 的基础是研究诗歌, 语法, 职业道德和言论. 　　11. Marginalized in the humanistic quality of education will face a new crisis. 　　处在边缘化的人文素质教育将面临新的危机. 　　12. Human geography has a good advantage is an elegant garden - like school environments. 　　具有良好的人文地理优势,是一所环境优雅的花园式学校. 　　13. South ditch Xu enchanting natural scenery, abundant human resources and information. 　　沟南许地自然景色迷人, 人文资源底蕴丰厚. 　　14. Lampeter has a special focus on the humanities and social sciences. 　　兰姆斯特特别注重于人文和社会科学. 　　15. Presently , entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence - creating are the sublimation of the spirit. 　　在新的历史条件下, “创业创新创优”的三创精神是新时期江苏人文精神的升华.

我怎么了 歌词编辑：严星dala~~~dala~~~dala~~~dalala~~~ 人未老却感觉时光去了 昨日笑早已听不到 为情烦恼 为何总丢也丢不掉 影在摇~心在跳 我为何什么也感觉不到 我怎么了 我怎么了 我的心情怎会如此的糟 难道是忘得爱了 爱得忘了 相爱的味道 我怎么了 我怎么了 我的心情怎会如此的糟 难道是忘得爱了 爱得忘了 相爱的味道 en~~~~ dala~~~dala~~~dala~~~dalala~~~ 情未了为何又结束得那么早 人没了却情丝缠绕 思绪在飘 似飘零的云无依无靠 风也萧条~人也萧条 伴着我毫无知觉的笑 我怎么了 我怎么了 我的心情怎会如此的糟 难道是忘得爱了 爱得忘了 相爱的味道 我怎么了 我怎么了 我的心情怎会如此的糟 难道是忘得爱了 爱得忘了 相爱的味道 我怎么了~~~ 给我个答案好不好 失爱的煎熬 我真的再也承受不了 我怎么了 给我个答案好不好 失爱的煎熬 我真的再也承受不了 我怎么了~~~刺猬 作词：稻草人 作曲：锺汶 被一个念头所累 有一点机会便反悔 期待再原谅机会 反覆犯错累不累 爱单纯像杯清水 若爱令你无法飞 直接一点去说 不是更乾脆 哦这也不对 那也不对 什么时候说过我完美 再挑拨弄眉骗不了谁 像两只受伤刺猬 我这也不对 那也不对 恨不得一把火烧毁 满身的戒备赤裸裸面对 到底谁没有所谓 都是夜归人》曲：陈佳明 | 词：陈佳明 | 编： 是冰冻的时分 已过零时的夜晚往事 就像流星 刹那划过心房灰暗的深夜 是寂寞的世界感觉一点点苏醒 一点点撒野你的爱已模糊 你的忧伤还清楚我们 于是流浪这座夜底城市?厢遄?厢?迷惘着迷惘选择在月光下被遗忘你忘了吧 所有的 守承诺谁都是 爱得没有一点的把握也别去想 那里是甜蜜的梦想还是孤单的路上 自由的孤单你忘了吧 所有的甜美的梦梦醒后 多久才见温暖的曙光像夜归的灵魂已迷失了方向也不去管情路上永恒太短暂《好心分手》-卢巧音是否很惊讶讲不出说话没错我是说你想分手吗曾给你驯服得就像绵羊何解会反咬你一下你知吗回头望伴你走从来未曾幸福过赴过汤蹈过火沿途为何没爱河下半生陪住你怀疑快乐也不多没有心别再拖好心一早放开我从头努力也坎坷通通不要好过来年岁月那么多为继续而继续没有好处还是我若注定有一点苦楚不如自己亲手割破是否不甘心首先给撇下换了你是我你忍得到吗捱得过无限次寂寞凌迟人心态早己看得化也可怕回头望伴你走从来未曾幸福过赴过汤蹈过火沿途为何没爱河下半生陪住你怀疑快乐也不多没有心别再拖好心一早放开我从头努力也坎坷通通不要好过来年岁月那么多为继续而继续直接不过承认错若勉强也分到不多不如什么也摔破la la la la la难捱就无谓再拖好心一早放开我从头努力也坎坷通通不要好过来年岁月那么多为继续而继续没有好处还是我若注定有一点苦楚不如自己亲手割破《颜色》让爱能扩散到四面八方不被千山万水阻挡双手把人间围成个相框记录来往的时光相聚的地方就叫天堂用爱连接整个世界感情无限延长感动随时都馀波荡漾让心比昨天更开朗不管你的脸是那种颜色黑白或泛黄像亲人一样不管你的脸是什么颜色只要心够真就值得被欣赏(music)相聚的地方就叫天堂用爱连接整个世界感情无限延长感动随时都馀波荡漾让心比昨天更开朗不管你的脸是那种颜色黑白或泛黄像亲人一样不管你的脸是什么颜色只要心够真就值得被欣赏不管你的眼是那种颜色让我们凝视同一个方向www.sing8.com不管你的发是什么颜色让它随著爱更自在的飞扬不管你的脸是那种颜色黑白或泛黄像亲人一样不管你的脸是什么颜色独角戏 - 许茹芸 - 茹此精彩 独角戏词 许常德曲 季忠平是谁导演这场戏在这孤单角色里对白总是自言自语对手都是回忆看不出什么结局自始至终全是你让我投入太彻底故事如果注定悲剧何苦给我美丽演出相聚和别离没有星星的夜里我用泪光吸引你既然爱你不能言语只能微笑哭泣让我从此忘了你没有星星的夜里我把往事留给你如果一切只是演戏要你好好看戏心碎只是我自己如果一切只是演戏要你好好看戏心碎只是我自己没有星星的夜里我用泪光吸引你既然爱你不能言语只能微笑哭泣让我从此忘了你没有星星的夜里我把往事留给你如果一切只是演戏要你好好看戏心碎只是我自己哭砂 你是我最苦涩的等待 让我欢喜又害怕未来 你最爱说你是一颗尘埃 偶而会恶作剧的飘进我眼里 宁愿我哭泣不让我爱你 你就真的像尘埃消失在风里 难得来看我却又离开我 让那手中泻落的砂像泪水流 你是我最痛苦的抉择 为何你从不放弃飘泊 海对你是那么难分难舍 你总是带回满口袋的砂给我 难得来看我却又离开我 让那手中泻落的砂像泪水流 风吹来的砂落在悲伤的眼里 谁都看出我在等你 风吹来的砂堆积在心理 是谁也擦不去的痕迹 风吹来的砂穿过所有的记忆 谁都知道我在想你 风吹来的砂冥冥在哭泣 难道早就预言了分离 (music) 你是我最苦涩的等待 让我欢喜又害怕未来 你最爱说你是一颗尘埃 偶而会恶作剧的飘进我眼里 宁愿我哭泣不让我爱你 你就真的像尘埃消失在风里 风吹来的砂落在悲伤的眼里 谁都看出我在等你 风吹来的砂堆积在心理 是谁也擦不去的痕迹 风吹来的砂穿过所有的记忆 谁都知道我在想你 风吹来的砂冥冥在哭泣 难道早就预言了分离 《容易受伤的女人》歌词人渐醉了夜更深 在这一刻多么接近 思想仿似在摇撼 矛盾也更深 曾被破碎过的心 让你今天轻轻贴近 多少安慰及疑问 偷偷地再生 情难自禁 我却其实属于极度容易受伤的女人 不要 不要 不要骤来骤去 请珍惜我的心 如明白我 继续情愿热恋这个容易受伤的女人 不要等 这一刻 请热吻 （终此一生也火般的热吻） 长夜有你醉也真 让我终于找到信任 不管一切是疑问快乐是情人 曾害怕了这一生 是你始终甘心靠近 我方知拥有这缘分 重建我信心易流行 ETPOP.COM

我也有这种情况,我还试过抽烟抽到吐(才3支520)

英语谚语: Beware of him who regards not his reputation 中文意思: 要谨防不重自己名誉的人。 随机推荐10条英文谚语： A new broom sweeps clean 新官上任三把火。 Anger is a short madness 发火是短暂的疯狂。 Anger rests in the bosom of folly 怒火常寓于蠢人的胸中。 An honest man"s word is as good as his bond 诚实人的话像他的契约一样靠得住。 An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening 一日之计在于晨。 An idle brain is the devil"s workshop 游手好闲是万恶之源。 An idle youth a needy age 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 An ill workman quarrels with his tools 拙匠常怪工具差。 An inch in a miss is as good as an ell 错无分大小，有错皆不好。 An nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse 对牛弹琴。 英语谚语: Beware of him who regards not his reputation 中文意思: 要谨防不重自己名誉的人。

歌手：Mini & 顾儿歌名：梁祝组曲Don"t Cry My Love 别再哭了你看天都亮了Oh-我相信就在远方能让我们爱飞翔Don"t Cry My Love 别再哭了窗外雨都停了Oh-我相信就在前方一定撒满了阳光我相信 就算长夜漫漫偶尔觉得孤单我们的爱依然坚强虽然我们相爱太难不能够长相伴思念为爱找到方向Don"t Cry My Love 别再哭了你看天都亮了Oh-我相信某个远方能让我们爱飞翔 Don"t Cry逍遥竹制作Don"t Cry思念为爱 Don"t CryTEAMO 开始在米兰的秋都怪黄昏的美太过TEAMO 结束在浪漫之后没什么好说究竟什么时侯起习惯身边伴着你你是空气没有你不能呼吸说好永远不分离你是我一半身体没有你的日子找不到意义我爱你(我爱你)原来我爱你从很久以前只是没发现一直爱著你我的每一天有你才完全永远都爱你没人能代替到时间终点天地都毁灭还要牵著你一起飞 Dala Dala Dala一起飞(一起飞)Dala Dala Dala一起飞(一起飞) 一起飞

歌曲名:Beware! Criminal歌手:Incubus专辑:A Crow Left Of The MurderYou crawl in bed, it"s 3amYou smell of wine and cigarettesA butterfly under the glassYou are beautifulBut you"re not going anywhereWe do the same thing every nightI swear I"ve heard this song beforeA swimmer who has seen a sharkI"d really be more wary of the waterYou came, you saw, you conqueredEveryoneAnd I"m left here guessingWhat went wrong?Yeah, I"m downBut not out, and far from doneBeware criminal...A prism with an intellectYou show your light selectivlyYou stole my glow, a seasoned thiefThe blacks of my eyes are turning into open woundsToday, I"ll walkThere"s nothing here left for me but empty promisesAnd the thought of all the things I"m never getting backYou came, you saw, you conqueredEveryoneAnd I"m left here bleedingWhat went wrong?Yeah, I"m downBut not out, and far from doneBeware criminal...Did you think I wouldn"t notice?Did you really think I wouldn"t care?Did you think I wouldn"t notice?Did you really think I wouldn"t care?You came, you saw, you conqueredAnd I"m left here bleedingOh, what went wrong?Yeah, I"m downBut not out, and far from doneBeware criminal...http://music.baidu.com/song/8842955

韩雪的着迷歌曲：着迷歌手：韩雪今晚可不可以不要离开让我用我最温柔对你告白孤单多少让人有些无奈思念就会无限蔓延开来别再别再别再别再让我等待听我听我听我把感情说出来真心真意永远是为你而存在多么希望你对我有些依赖我愿意为你等候失去自由直到永久爱你的热情永远不会止休我愿意给你自由给你温柔付出所有一辈子有你就已足够全心全意 为你着迷因为我是真的爱你哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为你是我的唯一哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为我是真的爱你哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为你是我的唯一哒啦哒啦哒啦...今晚可不可以不要离开让我用我最温柔对你告白孤单多少让人有些无奈思念就会无限蔓延开来别再别再别再别再让我等待听我听我听我把感情说出来真心真意永远是为你而存在多么希望你对我有些依赖我愿意为你等候失去自由直到永久爱你的热情永远不会止休我愿意给你自由给你温柔付出所有一辈子有你就已足够全心全意为你着迷因为我是真的爱你哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为你是我的唯一哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为我是真的爱你哒啦哒啦哒啦...全心全意为你着迷因为你是我的唯一哒啦哒啦哒啦...

英语谚语: Once a devil always a devil 中文意思: 一次做魔鬼，永远是魔鬼。 随机推荐10条英文谚语： Beware beginnings 慎始为上。 Beware of a man of one book 不要与一个有专业知识的人争论。 Beware of a silent dog and still water 警惕无声之狗会咬人，平静之水会覆舟。 Beware of him who regards not his reputation 要谨防不重自己名誉的人。 Big mouthfuls ofter choke 贪多嚼不烂。 Bind the sack before it be full 做事应适可而止。 Birds of a feather flock together 物以类聚，人以群分。 Birth is much but breeding is more 出身固然重要，教养更且重要。 Bite off more than one can chew 贪多咽不下。 Bite the hand that feeds one 恩将仇报。 英语谚语: Once a devil always a devil 中文意思: 一次做魔鬼，永远是魔鬼。

做在巷口的那对男女

研讨会对未来AI所可能造成的情况做出了预见，并分别给出相应的建议。需要声明的是，下面北京电脑培训建议融合了全体与会人员的智慧，并不代表个人或某组织的立场。随着AI愈加紧密地被应用到社会经济生活的方方面面，以下列出的问题和对应的建议可以作为投资者和相关领域从业者在对来的参考指南。问题一AI的发展和应用有赖于特定的基础设施和人、物资源。这些基础资源的短缺无疑会限制AI的发展，对这些基础设施和资源的掌握在AI发展前期变的至关重要。建议：从多个渠道改善发展AI的资源基础。注重数据集、计算机、相关人才教育培训等配套领域的建设。问题二虽然目前AI水平还在初级，不过在多个领域AI已经作为人工辅助的角色存在，并且对劳动关系产生了影响。奥巴马经济顾问委员会的主席杰森·弗曼(JasonFurman)就表示，低技术的体力劳动是最有可能被AI和自动化机械取而代之的职位。如果机器人开始和人类竞争工作，人力资源的分配也将迎来变革。建议：更新自己的思维和技能，来应对AI参与所带来的就业结构的改变。未来AI机器将承担绝大多数低技术水平的工作职位，人们需要调整自己的技能储备和收支方向以应对新形势。问题三AI和自动化的过程通常都是在人们目所不及的幕后进行。缺少了人类的参与，机器可能做出有失公允或不慎恰当的决定。随着AI应用的进一步增长，对AI判断和勘误将变得更加重要，也更加困难。建议：支持AI校准和勘误的研究，AI错误危害评估程序也应提上日程。这些研究应和AI的突飞猛进配套发展，就像人类系统中司法之于行政。如此能够及时发现AI犯下的错误，并避免严重后果。问题四针对AI模式下公私机构公平和问责制的研究似乎与当前美国一些法律相忤，比如计算机欺诈与滥用法案(CFAA)和数字千年版权法案(DMCA)。建议：需要澄清的是，无论是计算机欺诈与滥用法案还是数字千年版权法案，都没有限制相关研究。问题五尽管AI正以飞快的速度被运用在医疗、劳工等诸多领域，但目前人类没有一个公认的办法来在评估AI所带来的影响。建议：支持AI影响评估系统的研究。而且该领域的研究应该和政府机构通力合作，使成果能为政府行政所用。

09森林人每百公里油耗约11升。 09 Forester搭载2.5升自然吸气水平对置四缸发动机，最大功率126kw，最大扭矩229 Nm，最大功率转速6,000 rpm，最大扭矩转速4,400 rpm。这台发动机配备多点喷射技术，采用铝合金缸盖和缸体。 与这台发动机匹配的是4速自动手动变速箱。 该车前悬架采用麦弗逊式独立悬架，后悬架采用双横臂式独立悬架。 这款车配备了全时四驱系统和多片离合器中央 差速器 。 斯巴鲁的许多汽车将配备全时四驱系统，这可以提高汽车的越野性能和机动性。 斯巴鲁的所有汽车都将使用水平对置发动机，这是一种特殊的发动机。 水平对置发动机的气缸水平放置，这台发动机的活塞也水平运动。 水平对置发动机的重心更低，使用这种发动机的汽车重心也更低。 汽车重心降低后，可以提高操控性，降低快速转弯时的侧倾幅度。 斯巴鲁的车操控比较好，动力也比较强。 Man的2.5升自然吸气发动机动力更强。

t.r.y-想你词曲:张坚坚剪短了我的长发变得不爱说话心里的这些牵挂不知如何表达夜深人静的时候我总会想起他孤独的坐在床上想睡着的方法hu～想拥抱你一下hu～我的心现在和你说话想你温柔的手停放在我的心上想你的声音你听见了吗想你不要忘了我有多么的爱你想你所有一切都不重要hu～dalada～hu～dalada～hu～dalada～hu～dalada～剪短了我的长发变得不爱说话心里的这些牵挂不知如何表达夜深人静的时候我总会想起他孤独的坐在床上想睡着的方法hu～想拥抱你一下hu～我的心现在和你说话想你温柔的手停放在我的心上想你的声音你听见了吗想你不要忘了我有多么的爱你想你所有一切都不重要想你温柔的手停放在我的心上想你的声音你听见了吗想你不要忘了我有多么的爱你想你所有一切都不重要剪短了我的长发变得不爱说话不爱说话

意识到那些看起来对你的成功很热心的人

罗尔德·达尔罗尔德·达尔（RoaldDahl，1916年9月13日—1990年11月23日），出生于威尔士卡地夫兰达夫，毕业于天主教兰达夫学校，雷普顿公学，信仰天主教。挪威籍英国杰出儿童文学作家、剧作家和短篇小说作家。爱伦·坡文学奖，白面包儿童图书奖，英国儿童图书奖，世界奇幻文学大会奖得主。作品流传于大人或小孩中，极为知名。他的代表作主要有：《查理和巧克力工厂》（CharlieandtheChocolateFactory）、《查理和大玻璃升降机》(CharlleandtheGreatGlassElevator)、《詹姆斯与大仙桃》（JamesandtheGiantPeach）、《玛蒂尔达》（Matilda）、《女巫》（TheWitches）、《好心眼儿巨人》（TheBigFriendlyGiant）和《独闯天下》（GoingSolo）等。中文名：罗尔德·达尔外文名：RoaldDahl国籍：挪威民族：挪威人出生地：威尔士卡地夫兰达夫出生日期：1916年（丙辰年）9月13日逝世日期：1990年11月23日职业：作家毕业院校：天主教兰达夫学校，雷普顿公学信仰：耶稣基督主要成就：爱伦·坡文学奖白面包儿童图书奖英国儿童图书奖世界奇幻文学大会奖代表作品：《查理与巧克力工厂》（CharlieandtheChocolateFactory）,《女巫》，《詹姆斯与大仙桃》人物生平罗尔德·达尔做过飞行员、经历过第二次世界大战、有过惊险的空中激战、当过像特务工作一样的“空军大使”、写过拥有无数影迷的007电影剧本《你只能活两次》、娶了一位奥斯卡金像奖电影明星做妻子(PatriciaNeal)、自学成为美术收藏家、鉴赏家、古董家具专家、美酒专家及种兰专家，最重要的是写过魅力无穷的儿童文学作品，获奖无数据说：曾是英国政府的间谍，他的任务是通过引诱有权有势的美国女性收集情报。童年与少年罗尔德·达尔在1916年9月13日出生于韦尔斯卡地夫的兰达夫，罗尔德的父亲是哈拉尔德·达尔（HaraldDahl），母亲是苏菲·玛德莲·达尔（SofieMagdaleneDahl），都是挪威人。达尔一家在1880年代由挪威迁往卡地夫。罗尔德是因一个当时挪威的民族英雄北极探险家罗尔德·亚孟森而得名的。他在家中跟他的父母及姐姐.艾丝翠得（Astrid）说的是挪威语。达尔和他的姐姐在卡地夫挪威水手的教会施洗及命名，那里是他们父母上的教会。在1920年，罗尔德3岁的时候，他7岁的姐姐艾丝翠得（Astrid）死于盲肠炎。大约一个月之后，他父亲死于肺炎，时年57岁。他的母亲虽然可以选择回到挪威与亲戚一起生活，但她还是决定留在英国，因为罗尔德的父亲生前一直十分希望他的儿女能在英国接受教育，他认为英国的教育是最好的。罗尔德最初就读于天主教兰达夫学校（LlandaffCathedral）。8岁那年，他和四个朋友放了一只死老鼠在“吝啬又讨人厌”的普莱契太太（Mrs.Pratchett）店中的糖果罐里，校长为此打了他们一顿。于是，罗尔德被转到一所寄宿学校，但在那里他过得非常不愉快。他十分想家，几乎每天都会给家里写信，不过他从来都没有在信里显示出他的不开心。在母亲去世后，他才发现她收藏了所有当时往来的信件。在德比郡的立普顿公学，他是级长的小跟班，在他的早年比较重要的一部份中，他拥有了他自己的小书桌。他的个子很高，有1.98米，他擅长运动，因而成为学校的壁手球和回力球队的队长，还是学校足球队的成员，这令他十分受人欢迎。那个时候，他逐渐喜欢上了摄影。在他就读这所学校期间，吉百利食品公司（Cadbury），一家巧克力制造厂，偶尔会寄新的巧克力产品到他的学校让学生测试味道。达尔常常想自己发明一些新的巧克力，希望得到吉百利食品公司的赞扬，而这也触发了他的灵感，并以此写出他的第2本书，《查理和巧克力工厂》。在童年和青少年时期，他都会在暑假时回他父母亲的祖国挪威，多数时间都是去享受海岸边的峡湾。他自传体的作品，《男孩：我的童年往事》（Boy:TalesofChildhood）就主要是讲述那段童年时光。在完成学业后，他用了3个月在纽芬兰与一个称为公学探险组织（PublicSchools"ExploringSociety）的队伍远足。在1934年7月，他加入了壳牌公司（ShellPetroleum）。经过2年在英国的训练后，他被调到坦葛尼喀（今属坦桑尼亚）的达累斯萨拉姆。他与其它两位雇员前往那里，居住在达累斯萨拉姆外围地区的高级房屋，有着一个厨师和私家仆人。在工作上，他得横越坦葛尼喀提供石油给顾客，他曾在途中遭到树眼镜蛇、狮子和其它野生动物的袭击。二战中的空军生涯在1939年的8月，第二次世界大战逼近的时候，有一个计划要将在达累斯萨拉姆的数百个德国人包围。达尔和14个达累斯萨拉姆的英国人，在坦桑尼亚被任命为军官，每人指挥一组英皇非洲步枪队（King"sAfricanRifles）民兵。达尔对此和包围行动感到十分焦虑不安，但他还是完成了这命令。之后，在1939年11月，他加入了皇家空军。在经过达累斯萨拉姆到奈洛比的600公里车程后，他获许与其它20个人进行飞行训练，他们当中有17人后来死于空战。他以DH虎蛾式飞机（DeHavillandTigerMoth）进行了7小时40分钟的单飞实习。在他的飞行过程中，他十分享受鸟瞰那些肯尼亚的野生动物。他继续往伊拉克巴格达附近皇家空军的海本尼亚空军基地（RAFHabbaniya）进行高级飞行训练。驾驶6个月霍克哈特式双翼飞机（HawkerHarts）后，他成为了一个空军少尉，被分派到皇家空军第80中队，驾驶老式的“斗剑者号”（Gladiator）。达尔在知道自己不会为空战而受训，甚至不会接受驾驶“斗剑者号”的训练时感到十分惊讶。在1940年9月19日，达尔被命令驾驶他的“斗剑者号”由埃及的AbuSuweir到阿米利亚补给燃料，而后又到利比亚Fouka第二次补给燃料，再飞往马特鲁港南方30公里的第80中队小型机场。在最后一段航程，他找不到小型机场，而且夜色将近，燃料愈来愈少，他被迫试图降落在沙漠中。不幸地，起落架撞上巨砾，令飞机坠毁，他的头骨挫伤，鼻子陷到脸颊之中，两眼受伤。他勉力把自己拖出那燃烧着的飞机残骸。后来，他在第一本出版的作品（后叙）中提及过这一次飞机坠毁的事。皇家空军发现这一次飞机坠毁是因为达尔被通知的飞行地点完全错误，达尔错误地飞往英国与意大利势力范围间的缓冲地带，因而导致这次事件的发生。达尔获救并被送往马特鲁港（MersahMatruh）的急救站。他在那里恢复了知觉，但他的视觉没有同时恢复。之后他被送到了亚历山大港的皇家海军医院。他爱上了那里的一个护士，玛丽·威兰（MaryWelland），也是他8星期后恢复了视力后第一个看到的人。医生们说他再也没有机会飞行了，但在1941年2月，他被送往医院的5个月后，他被允许离开，又投入飞行工作。在这时候，80中队在靠近希腊雅典的Elevsis，配备好霍克型的飓风式战机在希腊之战中与英国远征军并肩作战。他在1941年4月驾驶格斗士式战机飞越地中海，他只有少许操作指南和7小时的练习时间。在这个战争的阶段皇家空军只有18架战斗机在希腊，14架霍克型的飓风式战机和4架布伦海姆轰炸机。4月15日，他在高昔斯（Chalcis）进行了他的第一次空战，与四架正在攻击船只的轰炸机对战，并操纵他的飓风式战机打下一架Ju88型俯冲轰炸机。在4月16日的另一场空战中，他打下了另一架容Ju88型俯冲轰炸机。在4月20日达尔与空军中队长及他的朋友戴维·库克（DavidCoke）继续参与雅典之战，打下一些敌机。在德国仍在对雅典进行压制时，达尔奉命撤回埃及。80中队重新被召集到巴勒斯坦的海法（Haifa）。有四个星期，达尔每天都得进行飞行任务，在6月8日他打下了敌方的侦察型波泰63型战斗机；6月15日，打下了敌方的Ju88型俯冲轰炸机，但之后他开始头痛，而且在飞机急速转向或变速的时候，产生短暂失明或昏眩的症状，他因此退役回到英国。这时他的军阶是空军上尉。1942年，他在被调往华盛顿后开始写作。他第一本出版的作品是ShotDownOverLibya，描述他“斗剑者号”的坠毁事件，在1942年8月1日发表于《星期六晚报》（SaturdayEveningPost）。福雷斯特（C.S.Forester）原先是希望达尔能先写一点皇家空军的趣事，他再加以润饰使其更具故事性。不过当福雷斯特读了达尔给他的故事后，他决定内文不需再经任何修改。原本的标题是APieceofCake，后来的标题更具戏剧效果，但忽略了飞机坠毁与敌方行动毫无关系的事实。在战争期间，福雷斯特在英国信息服务（BritishInformationService）工作，并为同盟国撰写宣传文宣，主要在于宣传美国人的消耗。这让达尔加入了间谍活动，隶属于英国安全协调处（BritishSecurityCoordination），他的上司就是以勇敢闻名的加拿大间谍头子威廉·史蒂芬逊（WilliamStephenson，或称Intrepid）。在战争期间，达尔提供华盛顿的情报给史蒂芬逊。当达尔回到英国，由于大使馆官员怀疑他对国家的忠诚，令他受到不合理的对待，达尔回忆道：“那些大男孩把我一脚踢出（情报单位）。”（大男孩此指年轻或经验不足的官员）。史蒂芬逊之后晋升了他的官职，并把他送回华盛顿的工作岗位。战后，达尔写了一些关于神秘组织的历史，他和史蒂芬逊即使在战争结束数十年后仍然维持着朋友关系。战争完结时，达尔是皇家空军的中校。他5次空战胜利的记录经由战后调查证实，轴心国的记录也可以与此互相对照证实。后期的生活①家庭达尔曾与奥斯卡金像奖得主的美国女演员帕德里夏·妮尔（PatriciaNeal）共度了30年的婚姻生活（1953年－1983年）。他们有5个孩子：奥莉维亚（Olivia，7岁时死于麻疹）、泰莎（Tessa）、西奥（Theo）、欧菲莉亚（Ophelia）和露西（Lucy）。当西奥4个月大的时候，坐的婴儿车被出租车撞到，导致他的脑袋受到重伤，得了脑水肿，眼睛也几乎瞎掉。罗尔德为此与几位专家共同研究出了WDT（Wade-Dahl-Till），一种可以使症状减轻的医疗品。西奥因而康复，之后顺利长大成人。1965年，帕德里夏·妮尔在怀着第五个孩子露西时，曾三度中风。罗尔德试了各种方法让她慢慢地康复过来，中风一年后，纳阿尔又能重新行走、说话了，他们在1983年离婚。他其后娶了芙莉希蒂·克罗斯兰（FelicityCrosland），这场婚姻就一直延续至罗尔德逝世为止。欧菲莉亚·达尔与医生保罗·法默（PaulFarmer）共同建立了健康伙伴（PartnersinHealth），一间旨在为那些贫困的小区提供医疗服务的非营利组织，她同时也是该组织的负责人。露西·达尔，是洛杉矶的一个剧作家。泰莎的女儿苏菲·达尔（SophieDahl，罗尔德作品吹梦巨人中的伙伴的灵感来源）是一位知名的模特儿与作家。她描述外祖父为“非常特别的人—非常强壮、总是处于主导地位他不像米佛姊妹的父亲在屋子中大声叫喊，取而代之的是确凿而有把握的形式。”②反犹太主义达尔宣称他是反犹太主义者，为此他在以色列遭受到联合抵制。1983年夏，他在《文学评论》写了一篇书评，批评通利·克里夫顿（TonyClifton）发表在《新闻周刊》的《GodCried》——一本具高度争议性、描述以色列入侵黎巴嫩的图画书。达尔的批评指出在1982年6月的黎巴嫩战争时，“我们都开始恨以色列人”。这本书容易使读者采取极端的反犹太立场。根据传记作者杰瑞米·特雷格罗恩（JeremyTreglown）的说法，达尔起初写了“我们都开始恨犹太人”，但《文学评论》的编辑基连·格林威（GillianGreenwood）把达尔写的“犹太人”改为“以色列人”。根据此版本的译文，达尔顺理声称：“我不是反犹太主义者。我是反犹太复国主义者。”据称，达尔认为由于发表这些反犹太的言论，使自己不能成为一直很想当上的爵士。根据在2003年披露的政府文件所示，达尔曾经在1986年拒绝接受大不列颠帝国官佐勋章，理由可能正是因为他太想要获得爵士头衔。根据至少两位传记作家的说法，在达尔为自己的批评作辩护时，他告诉一位记者：“犹太人有一种特性，他们挑起仇恨我的意思是，无论在任何地方反对任何东西，总是会有个原因；即使是像希特勒般可鄙的人也不是没有原因地选择他们的。”但是根据特雷格罗恩的说法，达尔仍旧与犹太人朋友私下保持友谊。在晚年，达尔偶尔试图淡化一些对于反犹太主义的指责，在作品《单飞》（GoingSolo）中，有一些插曲同情地描写了德国犹太人的流亡者；主张也与之前不同，宣称他反对的是不公正，而不是犹太人。他从不曾从他对于以色列强硬的立场退缩，但是在1990年，离他逝世不远之前他告诉英国独立报：“我无疑地是反以色列的，且我逐渐成为反犹太主义。”③逝世与遗产1990年11月23日，罗尔德·达尔于自宅死于一种罕见的疾病，白血病前期并发症（myelodysplasticanaemia），享年74岁。遗体葬于其所属教区的墓地。据他的孙女表示，家人为他举办了一场北欧海盗式的丧礼。陪葬物有snooker游戏、红葡萄酒、巧克力糖、HB铅笔和电锯。为了纪念他，于靠近艾尔斯伯里的白金汉郡郡立博物馆内设立了罗尔德·达尔儿童画廊。2002年，一个韦尔斯首府加的夫的地标，OvalBasinplaza，将名称更改为“罗尔德·达尔广场”（RoaldDahlPlass）。“Plass”即挪威语中的广场，这也是对于作家挪威籍的认同。也有许多呼声要求在公众场合为他竖立永久性的雕像。达尔对神经学、血液学和文学的慈善捐赠在他过世后，持续由其未亡人藉由“罗尔德·达尔基金会”来给予赞助。在2005年6月，“罗尔德·达尔博物馆与故事中心”为了纪念罗尔德·达尔在文学上的贡献于GreatMissenden开幕。文学之路1942年达尔被派遣到美国华盛顿，在英国使馆担任助理空军大使的职位。不久认识了大名鼎鼎的作家福雷斯特(C．S．Forester)。福雷斯特请他尝试写一些战争回忆录，结果一个叫做《利比亚上空的激战》的故事于1942年8月以化名的形式在《星期六晚报》上发表了，从此便开始了达尔正式的写作生涯。随着时间的推移，达尔在华盛顿很受欢迎，他因为讲述自己在皇家空军部队的冒险经历而出名了。他的第一本儿童文学作品是《捣乱小精灵》（TheGremlins），内容讲述一种出现在RAF传统民俗中顽皮的小动物。华特·迪士尼曾有意将其改编为电影，但终究没有成功，书于1943年出版。达尔继续创作一些20世纪儿童喜爱的故事，如《查理和巧克力工厂》、《玛蒂尔达》和《詹姆斯与大仙桃》。他在创作可怕而恐怖的成人短篇故事方面亦十分成功，往往都有黑暗的幽默意识及令人惊讶的结局。很多本来发表在美国杂志，就像妇女居家杂志（LadiesHomeJournal）、哈泼杂志（Harper"s）、花花公子和纽约客，达尔之后将这些文章收录于文选集中发表，作品获得了全球性的赞赏。达尔写过超于60个短篇故事，这是一个十分巨大的数目，但只有一部分在他死后出版成书（见罗尔德·达尔短篇故事列表）。他的故事亦给他带来了三次爱伦·坡文学奖：在1954年，SomeoneLikeYou；1959年，故事TheLandlady；1980年，以Skin电影为基础写作的的短篇故事TalesoftheUnexpected。他较著名的成人小说，吸烟者（TheSmoker），或称ManfromtheSouth，拍摄成影集AlfredHitchcockPresents,并改编成1995年电影FourRooms中昆廷·塔伦蒂诺（QuentinTarantino）的部分。他的短篇故事集TalesoftheUnexpected成功地改编为同名的电视影集。短篇故事中有一部分经猜测是出自于他虚构的叔叔奥斯沃的日记，这些故事中的主角，一位富有的绅士。在达尔相较之下比较没那么成功的1960年代，他开始写电影剧本。其中两部由伊恩·弗莱明（IanFleming）改编为小说：詹姆士·庞德（JamesBond）的YouOnlyLiveTwice和ChittyChittyBangBang。他也改编自己的作品，如《查理和巧克力工厂》（WillyWonkaandtheChocolateFactory）。与妻子芙莉希蒂合著的MemorieswithFoodatGipsyHouse于过世后在1991年出版，书内穿插着食谱—家人与达尔共同回想与沉思出的、以喜爱吃的食物为主的食谱，如巧克力、洋葱和红葡萄酒。他的大部分儿童文学作品的插图都是昆廷·布雷克（QuentinBlake）画的，布雷克也是达尔的好朋友。达尔的儿童文学作品常常从一个小孩的观点记述，通常会包括成人反派角色—憎恨并虐待小孩的人，至少有一”好的”大人来减轻反派角色带来的影响（据一份或许遭到滥用的参考文献，达尔常将其在寄宿学校的经验融入作品中）。内容大多包含黑色幽默、古怪的情节和可怕的暴力。《女巫》与《玛蒂尔达》即套用了这个公式。《吹梦巨人》遵守并加以推广这个公式：“好巨人”（theBFG或BigFriendlyGiant）代表那些“好的”大人的原型，而其它巨人代表着“坏的”大人。这公式也出现在一部分达尔的剧本中，如ChittyChittyBangBang。阶级意识的主题，如以是否带面罩决定身份地位，也出现在一些作品中如《了不起的狐狸爸爸》（FantasticMrFox）和《咱们是世界最佳搭档》（Danny,theChampionoftheWorld）。在达尔书中的另一特色是，肥胖的角色通常会是儿童，如《查理和巧克力工厂》的古鲁（AugustusGloop）、《女巫》的布鲁诺·詹金斯（BrunoJenkins）和《玛蒂尔达》的布鲁士·波格托（BruceBogtrotter），不过这也有例外：有一位“巨大”的要角AuntSponge出现在《詹姆斯与大仙桃》。达尔的母亲常常给他和他的姊妹们说故事，说关于传说中的巨人和其它虚构的挪威的东西，因此有一些他的儿童文学作品如《好心眼儿巨人》等都会出现这些巨人等虚构之物。作品列表成人小说①长篇小说1948年：SometimeNever:AFableforSupermen1979年：超完美情夫（MyUncleOswald）②短篇小说集1946年：OverToYou:TenStoriesofFlyersandFlying1953年：SomeoneLikeYou1960年：KissKiss1969年：Twenty-NineKissesfromRoaldDahl1979年：达尔惊奇小说选一：南美怪客（TalesoftheUnexpected）1974年：SwitchBitchISBN01400417961980年：达尔惊奇小说选二：开罗艳遇（MoreTalesoftheUnexpected）1978年：罗尔德·达尔精选集（TheBestofRoaldDahl）1983年：罗尔德·达尔的鬼故事（RoaldDahl"sBookofGhostStories）1989年：啊，美妙神秘的生命（Ah,SweetMysteryofLife:TheCountryStoriesofRoaldDahl）1991年：达尔短篇故事集（TheCollectedShortStoriesofDahl）1986年：TwoFables1997年：TheGreatAutomaticGrammatizator2000年：TheMildenhallTreasure2006年：RoaldDahl:CollectedStories儿童文学①儿童故事1943年：《捣乱小精灵》（TheGremlins）1961年：詹姆斯与大仙桃（JamesandtheGiantPeach）1962年:好小子—童年故事(TheBoy)1964年：查理和巧克力工厂（CharlieandtheChocolateFactory）1966年：魔法手指（TheMagicFinger）1970年：了不起的狐狸爸爸（FantasticMrFox）1973年：查理和大玻璃升降机（CharlieandtheGreatGlassElevator），《查理和巧克力工厂》的续集。1975年：世界冠军丹尼（DannytheChampionoftheWorld）1977年：亨利·休格的神奇故事(TheWonderfulStoryofHenrySugarandSixMore)1978年：巨大的鳄鱼（TheEnormousCrocodile）1980年：蠢特夫妇（TheTwits）1981年：小乔治的神奇魔药（George"sMarvelousMedicine）1982年：好心眼儿巨人（TheBFG）1983年：女巫（TheWitches）1985年：长颈鹿、小鹈儿和我（TheGiraffeandthePellyandMe）1988年：玛蒂尔达（Matilda），或译《小魔女》1989年：喂咕呜爱情咒（EsioTrot）1991年：逃家男孩（TheMinpins）1991年：TheVicarofNibbleswicke②儿童诗歌1982年：RevoltingRhymes1983年：DirtyBeasts1989年：RhymeStew剧本1955年：TheHoneys创作于百老汇长亩剧场。电影剧本1967年：YouOnlyLiveTwice1968年：ChittyChittyBangBang1971年：TheNightDigger1971年：威利·旺卡与巧克力工厂（WillyWonka&theChocolateFactory）非小说类1984年：好小子—我的童年故事（Boy_TalesofChildhood）至16岁的生平数据，尤其在20世纪初在英国的学习生涯。1986年：独闯天下（GoingSolo）自传的续编，记述了他在壳牌石油公司和在坦桑尼亚战前的工作。1986年：Measles,aDangerousIllness1991年：MemorieswithFoodatGipsyHouse1991年：RoaldDahl"sGuidetoRailwaySafety1993年：MyYear1993年：TheRoaldDahlOminibus获奖记录1954年，获埃德加·爱伦·.坡奖①（EdgarAllanPoeAward）和美国神奇作家奖(MysteryWritersofAmericaaward)1959年，第二次获埃德加·爱伦·.坡奖和美国神奇作家奖1972年，《查理和巧克力工厂》获新英格兰儿童图书馆圆桌会议奖1973年，《查理和巧克力工厂》获萨里学校年度书籍奖②（SurreySchoolAward）1975年，《查理和大玻璃升降机》获萨里学校年度书籍奖（SurreySchoolAward）1978年，《查理和大玻璃升降机》获夏威夷内内奖（Neneaw

《Beware, The Snowman》（R L Stine）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gFtlk-9DXzNMMshE09zOyg 提取码: m7k6书名：Beware, The Snowman作者：R L Stine豆瓣评分：6.6出版社：Scholastic Paperbacks出版年份：2006-10-1页数：144内容简介：在线阅读本书No melting allowed! Jaclyn used to live with her aunt Greta in Chicago. But not anymore. They"ve moved to a place called Sherpia. It"s a tiny village on the edge of the Arctic Circle. Jaclyn can"t believe she"s stuck out in Nowheresville. No movie theaters. No malls. No nothing. Plus, there"s something really odd about the village. At night there are strange howling noises. And in front of every house there"s a snowman. A creepy snowman with a red scarf. A deep scar on his face. And a really evil smile. . . .

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高档

摔倒用英文怎么说 fall down 摔跤 用英语怎么说？ wrestling 摔倒用英语怎么说 fall down ~亲，如果你认可我的回答，请点选【采纳为满意回答】按钮~~手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。 ~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~ O(∩_∩)O，互相帮助，祝共同进步！ 我摔倒了用英语怎么说 fall over oneself 小心摔倒用英语怎么说？ 若语境是关心朋友，口头提示，可以说：Watch out, don"t slip. 写警告标语时，英文标语都是命令句，把「slip」字当重点动词写出来的话，很容易令老外误会「请摔倒」。所以重点动词不是slip，是「留神」Beware. 如在室内： Beware of slippery floor Beware of uneven floor 如在户外: Beware of slippery ground (地面) / road (路面) Beware of uneven ground 摔倒的英文过去式 fall —— fell 英文翻译：摔倒在地 fall down to the ground. Eg. Tim fell down to the ground and got hurt. fall off则不同,是指从自行车等上面跌落,如: I fell off my bike, but luckily didn"t hurt myself.

城市像一座迷宫但我不服谁说一个人不能走出与你相爱你忽然不往里退出再多分岔路回忆很清楚我慢慢重组每一天我和我的影子散步在朋友面前坚持不哭曾经他们和我一样相信幸福这一刻孤独爱在往里注我怎么追逐怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就变苦太多了你说我的关心是一种束缚怎么在爱里微加幸福再多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪的苦呜~~~无心犯的错误dala~dala~~ dala~~~（STOP IT）嗨~~~伊哎伊哎伊哎~~~郁可唯 我只愿为你倾等一生 win 每一天我和我的影子散步在朋友面前坚持不哭呼呜呼~~曾经他们和我一样相信幸福一次的痛苦换一次礼物我就能走出怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就变苦太多了你说我的关心是一种束缚怎么在爱里微加幸福再多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪的苦呜~~~无心犯的错误从一开始的陌生到后来沉默无声谁能想像我们当初爱那么深谁假装变成路人想再一次变陌生但我爱过你不承认怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就变苦太多了你说我的关心是一种束缚呜喔~~~怎么在爱里微加幸福再多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪的苦呜~~~无心犯的错误是谁犯的错误你也不在乎 赞同0| 评论 2012-1-19 18:07 踩着花飞来 | 四级 郁可唯 - 微加幸福作词：瑞业作曲：许约永曾像是象一座迷宫的梦谁说一个人不能走出与你相爱你忽然不往里退出再多分岔路我也很清楚我慢慢重走每天我和我的影子散步再不用勉强坚持不哭曾经它们和我一样相信幸福这一刻孤独 爱在房里住我怎么驱逐怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就颠覆贪图的你说我的关心是一种束缚怎么在爱里微加幸福太多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪呜~~~无心犯得错嗨~~~伊哎呀~~~每天我和我的影子散步再不用勉强坚持不哭曾经他们和我一样相信幸福一次的痛苦换一次礼物我就能走出怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就颠覆贪图的你说我的关心是一种束缚怎么在爱里微加幸福太多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪呜~~~无心犯得错从一开始的陌生到后来沉默无声谁能想象我们当初爱那么深谁假装变成路人想再一次变陌生连我爱过你 不承认怎么在爱里微加幸福少一点自由就颠覆太多的你说我的关心是一种束缚怎么在爱里微加幸福再多的微笑也比不上一滴眼泪呜~~~无心犯得错是谁犯的错误你也不在乎 天长地

同志 ，啥意思？

若语境是关心朋友，口头提示，可以说：Watchout,don"tslip.写警告标语时，英文标语都是命令句，把「slip」字当重点动词写出来的话，很容易令老外误会「请摔倒」。所以重点动词不是slip，是「留神」Beware.如在室内：BewareofslipperyfloorBewareofunevenfloor如在户外:Bewareofslipperyground(地面)/road(路面)Bewareofunevenground

四驱发动中型汽车。　　斯巴鲁森林人（Forester）最早于1997年2月份首次面世。森林人汇集了多功能车和客车的特点，如果引用现代的概念，就是一款“交叉”车型。森林人的底盘借鉴了 1993年的斯巴鲁力狮，移植到森林人的身上，这款经典的底盘被缩小了轴距，提高了离地间隙，但是全时四驱和水平对置发动机没有改变。　　因此森林人不但拥有在恶劣路况条件下的卓越性能以及多用运动车（SUV）所要求的较高的驾驶位置的同时，它还为车手提供令人愉悦的舒适驾驶。

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own about miles before you got to

我也想知道，我找了一晚上了，都没找到。

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MFAA（多帧采样抗锯齿），就是把传统的在每一帧取样换成了在相邻的2帧取样，这样获得更好的抗锯齿效果。该技术把一个像素点放大至原来的数倍，让渲染图像的采样点也增至原来的数倍，然后再通过压缩技术合成到当前显示器大小。特殊的是MFAA把采样点分为两份，随着帧画面交替合成，达到最终的效果。抗锯齿技术的种类抗锯齿技术可以分为超级采样抗锯齿SSAA、多重采样抗锯齿MSAA、覆盖采样抗锯齿CSAA、可编程过滤抗锯齿CFAA、快速近似抗锯齿FXAA、时间性抗锯齿TXAA以及多帧采样抗锯齿MFAA。1、FSAA抗锯齿技术最早的抗锯齿技术来自于3DFX，名为FSAA（FuliSceneAnti-aliasing，全屏抗锯齿）。这项技术主要是将需要渲染的图像台辨率提升了一倍，来达到消除锯齿的效果。2、MLAA抗锯齿技术MLAA (morphological antialiasing，形态抗锯齿）是一种针对延迟渲染的后处理抗锯齿技术。这种抗锯齿技术是在每一帧画面渲染结束后再进行处理，而且只是将图案的轮廓线模糊，所以对显卡的需求理论上比普通抗锯齿要小，这样可以在多物体渲染时不会对系统造成太大的负担。3、SRAA抗锯齿技术SRAA的英文是Subpixel Reconstruction Antialiasing for Deferred Shading，中文意思为子像素重构抗锯齿技术。该技术对着色点的采样使用接近屏幕分辨率的级别，对于几何体的采样则提高精度，然后使用重构过滤器来提供一个近似估计的超分辨率图像，这个超分辨率图像被过滤处理后，成为与原始屏幕分辨率相罔的图像，从而避免了特定种类的过度模糊的问题。