poll

Air pollution: A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. The goals of the research are to find solutions and to educate the public about the problem. Two places where this type of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California Berkeley. Let"s take a closer look at the various types of air pollution the effects that they have on people and what is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. What is Air Pollution? Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen oxygen water vapor and inert gases. Human activities can release substances into the air some of which can cause problems for hum plants and animals. One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel *** oke is a good example of this particulate matter . The particles are very *** all pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "black carbon" pollution. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quanitites of soot into the air. Water pollution: INTRODUCTION Comprising over 70% of the Earth?s surface water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our pla. Without the seemingly invaluable pound prised of hydrogen and oxygen life on Earth would be non-existent: it is essential for everything on our pla to grow and prosper. CAUSES OF POLLUTION Many causes of pollution including sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In excess levels nutrients over stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Excessive growth of these types of ani *** s consequently clogs our waterways use up dissolved oxygen as they depose and block light to deeper waters. 参考: Inter

翻译如下：water pollutionIn this era of industrialization, water pollution has become a concern. How to solve the problem of water pollution? I have 3 suggestions. First, people must save water. Second, industrial wastewater must be treated to discharge. Third, we must have the awareness of environmental protection.Only in this way can we solve the problem of water pollution.

Water Pollution around Us It goes without saying that our environment is getting worse and worse.We"re surrounded by all sorts of pollution,such as air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution,light pollution and water pollution.These pollutions have brought about great harm to our surroundings,causing a large amount of damages and even taking hundreds of lives.Of the all, water pollution is the most serious. It"s well know that water is the source of life and we need water every day.We use it for drinking,bathing,watering crops and so on.Man can"t live without water.However,to our big disappointement,water resources have been badly polluted,It"s reported that it"s now hard to find some pure clean water on Earth.What a problem! What has resulted in the problem? First is industrial pollution.With the development of industry,thousands of the factories have been set up,which realease poisonous gases,water and other waste every day.Second,agricultural pollution.China is a country with a big population.It needs mountains of food for its people every day.So,agriculture is developing rapidly,leading to agricultural pollution. In order to make the crops grow well,farmers use chemicals and fertilizers in great amount.They both do harm to the soil and the underground waters.Third is domestic sewage.As is mentioned above,China has a great population,creating millions of tons of life waste every day.This life waste consists of some harmful materials that pullute the water. For man"s bright future,it"s now time that water pollution were stopped.Let"s be waiting.

How to protect water As everybody knows that water is one of the most important things for us all to live in the earth.We can not live without water.So it"s important to protect water. Time gose by,With the rapid development of science and technology,we are faced with serious environmental problems.Water pollution is very serious.Drinking water has been reduced.So we must take measures to protect water resources.But how should we protect and re-use water resources? On one hand,we can re-use water.In order to make full use of water,We can plant flowers using the water were be used to wash dishes,and so on.On the other hand,we should not waste water in our daily lives.Remember to turn off the tap when you don"t use it. We can do so much to reduse water problems.

Hope the below helps you: Water pollution Water pollution is created by dumping waste materials into steams rivers and the sea. The pollutants include solid waste liquid effluents and energy in the form of waste heat . Sources of water pollution　 　 1)Domestic waste :　　 Waste water from household including waste from flushed lavatories is often discharged into the sea without any treatment . 2)Industrial waste: Factories discharge poisonous chemical waste products directly into rivers and streams.　 　 3)Oil spillage: This happens when ships deliberately or accidentally release oil at sea. The ecological consequences of a large oil spill can be extremely serious. Effects of water pollution 1) Waste materials which go into rivers and the sea may promote the growth of alage. Alage may use all the oxygen . The excess growth of alage is also the cause of red tides. 2)Because fish and other marine life cannot live in Hong Kong"s dirty water fishing boats have to travel further to find fish. As a result we have to pay more for our seafood. 3) If marine plants die the fish which feed on them die. If the fish die the birds which feed on them will also die. The birds which feed on them will also die. The whole food chain is broken and we will have less food to eat. 4) Poisonous chemical waste which goes into the sea can affect fish. Human may be poisoned by eating these fish. 5) People who drink polluted water may catch cholera or typhoid. 6) People swimming in dirty water may develop ear or skin infections or other diseases. 7) Crude oil leaked into the sea from tankers can destroy beaches marine life and birds. The solutions - What Can You Do? If you want to help keep our waters clean there are many things you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your everyday lives. - Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment. - Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don"t throw paints oils or other forms of litter down the drain. - Use environmentally household products such as washing powder household cleaning agents and toiletries. - Make sure that you take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources. By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources. Don"t throw litter into rivers lakes or oce. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -overfishing The world"s population keeps growing and more food in needed. More fish are caught.(the cause the water pollution) There are fewer fish in the sea so fishery production decreases. (the effect the water pollution) Rapid population growth causes a high demand in land.(the cause the water pollution) Filling materials may be toxic.(the effect the water pollution) -sea trport Fast economic development demands more sea trport and offshore oil drilling activities(the cause the water pollution) Oil slicks strick on the bodies of animals making them too heavy to float. (the effect the water pollution) -dumping sewage and waste A lot of industrial sewage domestic sewage and agricalture waste have been dumped into the oce and seas causing serious water pollution.(the cause the water pollution) People cannot swim because of lower quality of beaches.(the effect the water pollution) the solutions the water pollution: -Pass laws and legislation -Collect and treat sewage in sewage treatment works -Introduce sewage charge -Set up water control zone Set up marine parks and marine reserves restrict reclamation 1) Cause of water pollution --People throw rubbish into the rivers and seas. --Polluted water flow out from farms factories. --Oil flow out from the ships when accidents happened. --industries - eg paper making ind. they need lots of water for making the paper to look more plain & clean when water is released to river ~ pollution results. --people throw rubbish into sea for convienience or low education level. 2) Effect of us: --We will get ill and even die if we drink polluted water. --Rivers and seas will polluted.Living things in the water will die.If we eat these marine produucts we will get poison. --Aquatic ani *** s living in contaminated water would take in the toxic pollutants the health of the human beings will be adversely affected if they eat the toxicant seafood. --Many beaches are polluted with solid wastes which me a loss of recreational resource. 3) Solution -- impose heavy penalty to the illegal ind. eg imprisonment & $$$$ --more education need to be provided to citizens via 透过 mass media such as tv newspaper radio programmes homevigator/~taich/water_pollution skwcampus/~skw-eric/e/water qc.edu/it-school/homepage/s12253/WaterPollution 2007-01-01 21:10:10 补充： 3) solution and preventionu2027Domestic Water Treatment --> Multi-step process that removes: --solids (anics) --> by settling skimming and filtering --dissolved constituents --> by oxidation chemical treatments --disinfection - chlorine 2007-01-01 21:11:32 补充： continue above ideas...u2027what to do with the sludge? --burn sludge at sea: At high enough temperatures can break down most toxins. --use as fertilizer (if free of toxins) --waste water reclamation/recycling 2007-01-01 21:12:07 补充： continue above ideas...u2027Preventing Oil Slicks accidentsu2027Preventing Oil Spills ust/~webpepa/pepa/lecture_notes/Pollutions/water

第一句中你没发现都有pollution吗，而pollution则是污染这一种类第二句中air和water是两种不同的种类，所以用areso……你懂的

There are many ways to fight pollution in the present word.One way is to reduce the amount of cars being produced.This would lead to less smog and decrease pollution.Another way is to plant more trees.This would increase the oxygen in the air and lead to a heathier environment.Three other ways to fight pollution:Disposing of trash properly,decreasing the use of pesticides,and always recycling water bottles.There is air and water on the earth.There are people,animals and plants on the earth.People have lived on the earth for millions of years.Many years ago,the earthwas clean.But today,there is air pollution,water pollution and land pollution.People are cutting down the forests.Many plantswild animals,birds and insects live there.People are killing animals for food and their skins.People are polluting the land,the water and the air.People must stop doing this.We must save the earth.以上仅供参考，满意，请参考，谢谢

Everybody knows that there is serious problem of water pollution on the earth. Yes, water pollution is increasing. Look! The water in the river is getting dirtier and dirtier. Most of fish in the water have died, and we can"t swim in the water. My grandfather says, when he was very little, the water in the river was very clean. He often swam in the river with his friends. That was before, but now we can"t see such clean rivers. Let"s protect the water from pollution, because we can"t live without water. The water is really important to us all.每个人都知道有严重的问题，水污染。是的，水的污染是越来越多。看看！在河水越来越脏。大多数的鱼都死了，我们不能在水中游泳。我祖父说，当他很小的时候，河里的水很干净。他经常和他的朋友们在河里游泳。那是以前，但是现在我们不可能看到这样清澈的河流。让我们保护水不受污染，因为没有水我们就不能生存。水对我们大家真的很重要。

我这正好有一篇关于水污染的英语对话，不过在书上，字估计有300左右吧，太多了，懒得打啊

Water pollution affects plants and organi *** s living in these bodies of water; and,in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations,but also to the natural biological munities.Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful pounds 水污染会影响水体里的植物和生物圈,基本所有的水污染不仅危害单一物种,所有自然界都会受到牵连.水污染是在污染物不受控制（直接或间接）流入水体,并且没有得到有效移除污染物. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context.It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.Some 90% of China"s cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water.In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries,industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. 水污染是现今国际大事.也是世界人口死亡的罪魁祸首.每天有14000人间接因水污染而死亡.我国90%的城市面临不同程度水污染,约5亿人缺少安全饮用水.发达国家也因为持续工业化加重水污染.

【答案】：D考查习惯搭配。attach importance to表示“重视”。句意为“过分地注重这些民意测验是不明智的行为”。stick与to连用，表示“遵守；保留”；pay与to组成的搭配一般为pay attention to，表示“注意”；apply与to连用．表示“适用于”。故选D。

　　60. Traditionally, pollination by wind has　　Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind-pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.　　However, a number of features that are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste. For example, many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail. Recent studies suggest another way in which species compensate for the inefficiency of wind pollination. These studies suggest that species frequently take advantage of the physics of pollen motion by generating specific aerodynamic environments within the immediate vicinity of their female reproductive organs. It is the morphology of these organs that dictates the pattern of airflow disturbances through which pollen must travel. The speed and direction of the airflow disturbances can combine with the physical properties of a species" pollen to produce a species-specific pattern of pollen collision on the surfaces of female reproductive organs. Provided that these surfaces are strategically located, the consequences of this combination can significantly increase the pollen-capture efficiency of a female reproductive organ.　　A critical question that remains to be answered is whether the morphological attributes of the female reproductive organs of wind-pollinated species are evolutionary adaptations to wind pollination or are merely fortuitous. A complete resolution of the question is as yet impossible since adaptation must be evaluated for each species within its own unique functional context. However, it must be said that, while evidence of such evolutionary adaptations does exist in some species, one must be careful about attributing morphology to adaptation. For example, the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones, where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located, is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone"s surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. However, these patterns cannot be viewed as an adaptation to wind pollination because the spiral arrangement occurs in a number of non-wind-pollinated plant lineages and is regarded as a characteristic of vascular plants, of which conifers are only one kind, as a whole. Therefore, the spiral arrangement is not likely to be the result of a direct adaptation to wind pollination.　　21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing　　(A) the current debate on whether the morphological attributes of wind-pollinated plants are evolutionary adaptations　　(B) the kinds of airflow patterns that permit wind-pollinated plants to capture pollen most efficiently　　(C) the ways in which the reproductive processes of wind-pollinated plants are controlled by random events　　(D) a recently proposed explanation of a way in which wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste　　(E) a specific morphological attribute that permits one species of wind-pollinated plant to capture pollen　　22. The author suggests that explanations of wind pollination that emphasize the production of vast quantities of pollen to compensate for the randomness of the pollination process are　　(A) debatable and misleading　　(B) ingenious and convincing　　(C) accurate but incomplete　　(D) intriguing but controversial　　(E) plausible but unverifiable　　23. According to the passage, the “aerodynamic environments” mentioned in line 23, when they are produced, are primarily determined by the　　(A) presence of insects near the plant　　(B) physical properties of the plant"s pollen　　(C) shape of the plant"s female reproductive organs　　(D) amount of pollen generated by the plant　　(E) number of seeds produced by the plant　　24. According to the passage, true statements about the release of pollen by wind-pollinated plants include which of the following?　　I. The release can be affected by certain environmental factors.　　II. The amount of pollen released increases on a rainy day.　　III. Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind.　　(A) II only　　(B) III only　　(C) I and II only　　(D) I and III only　　(E) I, II, and III　　25. The passage suggests that the recent studies cited in lines 19-21 have not done which of the following?　　(A) Made any distinctions between different species of wind-pollinated plants.　　(B) Considered the physical properties of the pollen that is produced by wind-pollinated plants.　　(C) Indicated the general range within which plant-generated airflow disturbances are apt to occur.　　(D) Included investigations of the physics of pollen motion and its relationship to the efficient capture of pollen by the female reproductive organs of wind-pollinated plants.　　(E) Demonstrated that the morphological attributes of the female reproductive organs of wind-pollinated plants are usually evolutionary adaptations to wind pollination.　　26. It can be inferred from the passage that the claim that the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on an ovule-bearing pine cone is an adaptation to wind pollination would be more convincing if which of the following were true?　　(A) Such an arrangement occurred only in wind-pollinated plants.　　(B) Such an arrangement occurred in vascular plants as a whole.　　(C) Such an arrangement could be shown to be beneficial to pollen release.　　(D) The number of bracts could be shown to have increased over time.　　(E) The airflow patterns over the cone"s surfaces could be shown to be produced by such arrangements.　　27. Which of the following, if known, is likely to have been the kind of evidence used to support the view described in the first paragraph?　　(A) Wind speeds need not be very low for wind-pollinated plants to fail to release pollen.　　(B) The female reproductive organs of plants often have a sticky surface that allows them to trap airborne pollen systematically.　　(C) Grasses, as well as conifers, generate specific aerodynamic environments within the immediate vicinity of their reproductive organs.　　(D) Rain showers often wash airborne pollen out of the air before it ever reaches an appropriate plant.　　(E) The density and size of an airborne pollen grain are of equal importance in determining whether that grain will be captured by a plant.　　答案：DCCDE AD

在 Linux 中，epoll 机制是一个重要的机制。在 Android 中的 Handler，简单的利用了 epoll 机制，做到了消息队列的阻塞和唤醒。 epoll 机制相关的函数有 因为对于Handler 对于 epoll 没有过于深入的使用，只是利用了 epoll 进行了阻塞和唤醒，还是比较好理解的。 于是，便利用 epoll 机制在mEpollFd上添加(EPOLL_CTL_ADD)了监听的 fd(mWakeEventFd); 在 java 层，next( )@Message 会阻塞到nativePollOnce(long ptr, int timeoutMillis)，特别的是，当没有消息时，timeoutMillis = -1表示一直阻塞。如果有 delay 的消息，则 timeoutMillis 表示 delay的时间。 此时利用epoll 机制在 epoll_wait()上设置超时时间。当 timeoutMillis = -1时会一直等待知道有新消息来。否则当超时时间到达时，会返回到 next()@Message就可以处理那条 delay 的消息了。 当有新消息来临时并且是立刻执行的,enqueueMessage()@Message 会调用nativeWake()，否则会根据新来的消息的 delay 时间和队列中的 delay 时间进行对比，消息队列是按照msg 的到达时间和 delay 时间进行排序，如果新来的消息在前并且需要 delay 也会进行 wake() 当往 mWakeEventFd 写入一个 1，便会从 epoll_wait() 马上返回。进行新一轮的消息处理。 另外，native 层的 Looper 的 epoll 机制没有这么简单，只是在 Handler 中只是简单地使用了。 Linux中的epoll

选A

是的，difficulty是可数名词，复数为difficulties，形容词为difficult pollute的名词为pollution，是不可数名词 希望可以帮到你O(∩_∩)O哈哈~

Tiffany Pollard于1982年01月06生于美国纽约尤蒂卡，是一名演员，出名于美国的真人秀节目《爱的味道》和《我爱纽约》。在电影《The First Sundy》中饰演主角多米尼克的客户，在《The Shop》饰演主角Kiana。

Early concerns regarding the health-related effects of air pollution originated from severe episodes in Meuse Valley, Belgium, in 1930; Donora, Pennsylvania, in 1948; and London, in 1952. Although the overall effects of these episodes continue to be debated, well-documented, episode-related increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary causes provided dramatic evidence that extremely high concentrations of air pollution can have serious adverse effects on health. Early public-policy efforts to improve air quality in the United States, Britain, and elsewhere were largely attempts to avert such "killer" episodes of air pollution. In the United States, a series of national legislative and regulatory efforts to control air pollution were initiated (Figure 1); National Ambient Air Quality Standards were mandated and established; and dramatic, extremely severe episodes of air pollution were essentially eliminated. Figure 1. Research and Public Policies Concerning Particulate-Matter Air Pollution. PM10 and PM2.5 denote particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. From the 1960s through the 1980s, a few scattered studies continued to suggest that air pollution had adverse effects on health.1,2 Then, during the relatively short period of 1989 through 1995, several loosely connected epidemiologic studies reported adverse effects of unexpectedly low levels of particulate-matter air pollution.3,4,5,6 Although highly controversial,7 these results prompted serious reconsideration of the particulate-matter standards and health guidelines (Figure 1). They also prompted extensive efforts to reanalyze key studies8 (which were largely confirmatory) and motivated rapid growth in epidemiologic, toxicologic, and other studies of fine particulate matter and other combustion-related air pollutants. Research has continued to suggest that a level of air pollution that is common in many urban and industrial environments is an important risk factor for various adverse health effects in humans. Although many such studies have focused on respiratory disease, substantial and growing evidence indicates that fine particulate air pollution is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.9,10 Short-term exposure exacerbates existing pulmonary and cardiovascular disease and increases the risk of symptoms, the need for medical attention, and death.1 Long-term, repeated exposure increases the cumulative risk of chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular disease and death.9,10,11,12,13 One notable research effort that began in the early 1990s in the midst of the controversies about air quality was the Children"s Health Study. This study prospectively monitored the lung function of schoolchildren from the ages of 10 to 18 years in 12 southern California communities with a relatively wide range of air pollutants. As reported by Gauderman et al. in this issue of the Journal,14 air pollution was significantly associated with deficits in lung development. Within the context of the overall literature on air pollution and human health, this article makes several important and confirmatory contributions. The Children"s Health Study evaluated the cumulative exposure to various pollutants over an eight-year period. Deficits in the growth of lung function over the eight-year period were associated with a correlated set of pollutants that included fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide, acid vapor, and elemental carbon. These results are consistent with those of previous epidemiologic studies that have implicated fine particulate matter and associated combustion-related air pollutants as being largely responsible for the observed health effects of air pollution.1,2,5,11,12,13 Various physiological and toxicologic findings suggest that exposure to fine particulate matter may be an important public health concern. Such matter, which can be breathed deeply into the lungs, includes sulfates, nitrates, acids, metals, and carbon particles with various chemicals adsorbed onto their surfaces. Furthermore, fine particulate matter is ubiquitous because it is largely derived from common combustion processes (such as engines in motor vehicles, manufacturing, power generation, and burning of biomass) and because it is transported over long distances and readily penetrates indoors. Understanding the shape of the exposure–response relationship and determining whether there are safe thresholds are important for the formulation of public health policies for pollution control. Mortality studies suggest that the exposure–response relationships for particulate-matter pollution in the case of both short-term15 and long-term11 exposures are nearly linear, with no discernible safe thresholds within relevant ranges of exposure. Likewise, in the Children"s Health Study, the exposure–response relationships appear to be nearly linear, without discernible safe thresholds. An issue with clinical implications concerns the identification of groups that are most at risk or that are most susceptible to the effects of pollution. One evaluation of the literature1 suggests that the proportion of a given population that is at risk for death, hospitalization, or life-threatening conditions owing to short-term exposure to air pollution is very small and limited to the elderly, infants, and persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease, influenza, or asthma. There appears to be a much broader susceptibility to small, transient changes in lung function, low-grade pulmonary inflammation, or other subclinical physiological changes in response to short-term exposure. With regard to the cumulative effects of long-term, repeated exposure, there is little evidence of a unique, well-defined, susceptible subgroup. The Children"s Health Study reports pollution-related deficits in the development of lung function in boys and girls, children with asthma and those without asthma, and smokers and nonsmokers — results "suggesting that most children are susceptible to the chronic respiratory effects of breathing polluted air." The authors of the current study also note that reduced lung function is a risk factor for complications and death during adulthood and suggest that the effect of these pollution-related deficits in lung function may occur later in life. In fact, studies have shown that long-term, repeated exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiopulmonary causes in broad-based cohorts or samples of adults.5,6,9,11,13 Much additional research is required to understand the biologic mechanisms that link exposure to fine particulate matter with increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary causes. However, several recent studies suggest that general mechanistic pathways probably include pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, enhanced initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and altered cardiac autonomic function.9,10 Secondhand cigarette smoke has also been shown to promote inflammation and atherosclerosis and to be a risk factor for illness and death from cardiopulmonary causes — suggesting that exposure to fine particles from common outdoor sources of combustion and from tobacco smoke may invoke similar pathophysiological processes.9,10 The Children"s Health Study does not provide direct evidence regarding the mechanisms of air-pollution effects, but the authors suggest a role of airway inflammation, such as that observed in smokers and persons who have lived in polluted environments. Although there has been much interest recently in the importance of pulmonary inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, the Children"s Health Study reminds us not to forget or ignore potentially important effects of pollution on pulmonary function. From at least one perspective, the overall results of research involving air pollution are good news — the control of air pollution represents an important opportunity to prevent disease. Air pollution is just one of many risk factors for pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, but it is one that can be modified. In the United States and elsewhere, commendable progress has been made on improving air quality and, with regard to fine particulate pollution, new standards have been implemented (Figure 1). Extremely high concentrations of air pollution remain in many areas of the world, and decreasing these concentrations offers substantial opportunities for disease prevention. As efforts to reduce air pollution progress, debates over the relative benefits and costs associated with additional marginal improvements are inevitable. Nevertheless, continued efforts to improve our air quality are likely to provide additional health benefits.

本文将介绍如何让现有的Spring Boot项目接入Apollo，还未搭建Apollo服务端的请移步到我前面的文章进行阅读。 下面以 Cas 单点登录项目为例，进行简单的接入操作，更多详细的方法请参考： [github官方文档] https://github.com/ctripcorp/apollo/wiki/Java 客户端使用指南 接入之前，需要先在 Apollo 服务器创建需要的配置项。 默认访问： localhost：8070 创建项目 添加并发布配置项 修改 application.properties 或 bootstrap.properties 配置 在启动类添加 @EnableApolloConfig 注解。 目前在我们公司的项目中，cas使用第一种方式，其他项目使用第二种方式。因为cas单点登录的启动类不是我们自定义的，直接在配置文件中配置比较方便。 其他方式这里不进行介绍了，想具体了解的可以到官网。 在 application.properties 或者 bootstrap.properties 中按照如下样例进行配置 这种配置方式不适用于多个war包部署在同一个tomcat的使用场景，考虑到我们公司虽然是做往微服务方向发展，但是可能也会以war包的形式部署到同一个tomcat，所以我没采用这种方式，而是采用了第二种方式。 在 resources/META-INF/ 目录下创建 app.properties 文件，把 app.id 和 apollo.meta 的配置移到该配置文件. 下图中，我采用了占位符形式是为了便于实施人员在Maven编译部署时可以以设置变量的方式进行赋值，避免更改配置文件（这里可以不用Maven设置变量的方式，直接写configserver的地址也可以。）。而开发人员在本地进行开发时，可以在通过 server.properties 配置文件来进行配置 apollo.meta ，因为通过 server.properties 配置的方式优先级比在 app.properties 配置的方式高。 使用Maven设置变量的方式需要在pom.xml文件添加resources标签 通过server.properties配置文件 启动 Cas 成功，登录后，访问上面的测试接口： apollo 配置起效。

大致过程： ① 用户在Portal操作配置发布 ② Portal调用Admin Service的接口操作发布 ③ Admin Service发布配置后，发送ReleaseMessage给各个Config Service ④ Config Service收到ReleaseMessage后，通知对应的客户端 发送ReleaseMessage的实现方式 Config Service通知客户端的实现方式 实现原理： ① 客户端和服务端保持了一个长连接，从而能第一时间获得配置更新的推送。（通过Http Long Polling实现） ② 客户端还会定时从Apollo配置中心服务端拉取应用的最新配置。 Apollo在Spring环境下实现配置优先级原理 此种引入apollo-client客户端之后，启动类加上@EnableApolloConfig，如果有涉及到属性发布，即可刷新 以@ConfigurationProperties得形式得属性，需要额外添加监听器Bean，方法上加上注解@ApolloConfigChangeListener。例如：

防止你开挂~

apollo-configservice 启动后配置中心报错，查看日志如下： 2022-01-13 10:51:11.685 ERROR 16843 --- [main] com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient : DiscoveryClient_APOLLO-CONFIGSERVICE/config.facecenter.sensing.com:apollo-configservice:8080 - was unable to refresh its cache! status = Cannot execute request on any known server 发现是8080端口被占用，将占用的进程kill掉可正常启动。

apollo数字清关指的是通过软件apollo在网络上办理海关规定的各项手续。apollo数字清关是指通过跨境apollo数字清关公共服务平台,对订单、支付、物流等原始数据自动采集,自动生成报关数据,自动计税,实现邮件、快件、跨境电商渠道的24小时无障碍通关,在网络上办理海关规定的各项手续。

Apollo是一款客户端软件，无需浏览器就能够运行Flash 应用

apollo阀门是美国的。

1.选择一个项目（例如：shipper） 2.添加一个自己的集群 3.同步集群配置 （1）选中一个用于被复制集群 （2）点击application右边的“[展开/收缩]”（一般来说，在第一行） （3）检查application的字菜单是否选中“表格” （4）点击右边的“同步配置” （5）选中自己的集群名字，和需要同步的配置选项 （6）回到页面顶部，点击右边的“下一步” （7）确认信息后，点击右上角的“同步”按钮 4.选中自己刚刚配置好的集群 5.点击：添加namespace 6.选中自己的集群名字 7.添加对应的 “工作区”即可

阿波罗（希腊语：Απόλλων、英语：Apollo），是古希腊神话中的光明、预言、音乐和医药之神，消灾解难之神，同时也是人类文明、迁徙和航海者的保护神、奥林匹斯十二主神之一。还是宙斯和勒托之子。Helios翻译是太阳神的意思，这里是指一个乐队名。Helios乐队成立于2000年，音乐风格是电子音乐，目前已发行3张专辑。

使用官方提供的docker-compose.yml启动时报 原因为未放置sql目录下的两个文件 apolloconfigdb.sql apolloportaldb.sql WARN com.ctrip.framework.apollo.internals.DefaultMetaServerProvider - Could not find meta server address, because it is not available in neither (1) JVM system property "apollo.meta", (2) OS env variable "APOLLO_META" (3) property "apollo.meta" from server.properties nor (4) property "apollo.meta" from app.properties 可在JVM属性（VM options）中设置，例 -Denv=dev -Dapollo.meta= http://localhost:8080 使用官方的docker-compose文件，启动后外部的client无法访问，Load Apollo Config failed - appId: fizz-gateway, cluster: default, namespace: application, url: http://172.24.0.2:8080/configs/fizz-gateway/default/application?ip=192.168.8.100 [Cause: Could not complete get operation [Cause: connect timed out]]，暴露出的是个容器内部的地址 可参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/zklight/p/12974872.html

歌曲名:Apollo歌手:steve howe专辑:TimeThe Tears - Apollo 13 by Molko6944Estuary girl you"re not the oneYou don"t belong to the world that I"m fromYour lazy words blow like confetti in the windIn the windEstuary girl you"re not part of my sceneYour feet don"t belong in my upholsterySometimes I sink when you call me on the phoneOn the phoneOh but if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll fly to the moonOh yes if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explodeSad as a song, a child of the streetsYour skin don"t belong on my designer sheetsIn eyeliner you wrote me a note that I"ll never read at allEstuary girlOh but if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll fly to the moonOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explodeOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll sink like a stoneOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explode(Estuary girl you"re not the one)(You don"t belong to the world that I"m from)(Estuary girl you"re not the one)(You don"t belong to the world that I"m from)http://music.baidu.com/song/12318313

品牌是德国奥迪汽车公司，aollo是阿波罗跑车，一款跑车，一年只卖50到60辆，车价在.2万美元左右。该车的生产地是德国东部的阿尔滕堡工厂，该车的发动机有650马力。aollo是什么牌子的车 apollo是什么牌子的车 品牌是德国奥迪汽车公司，apollo是阿波罗跑车，一款跑车，一年只卖50到60辆，车价在27.2万美元左右。该车的生产地是德国东部的阿尔滕堡工厂，该车的发动机有650马力。奥迪汽车成立时间它成立于1909年6月16日，总部位于德国。奥迪品牌现在是德国大众的子公司，其标志是四个环环相扣。品牌的创始人是奥古斯特·霍斯(Auguste Hoshi)。该品牌不仅在中国有分支机构，在世界许多国家也有分支机构。其代表车型为奥迪a6l。 阿波罗跑车的发动机参数车辆匹配650马力的双增压发动机，该车型0至100公里加速时间仅为三秒。0到200公里加速时间8.9秒。车辆最高时速360公里，即使是奥迪自己生产的R8车型，百公里加速时间也没有达到三秒，可见这款车型的动力装备。 art专用车道是什么 它是一种智能铁路快线系统，简称art，中文名称简称Smart Rail。它是一种全新的交通产品。它在中国湖南株洲首次亮相。这是无轨电车。与传统的有轨电车相比，由于没有铁轨，对道路的要求不是很高。art专用车道最高可以行驶多少公里最高时速70公里。在智能轨道快车系统上运行列车，完全实现零排放，无污染。这种车辆采用智能轨道，右眼看不到，但确实存在，可以大大缓解交通压力，其他车辆需要避让。 机动车在路上行驶需要注意什么机动车在道路上行驶时，应当遵守《道路交通安全法》，在道路上行驶公交车道和其他车道，需要明确出租车的种类。千万不要在非正常车道行驶车辆，会导致交通拥堵，而且是违法违规，需要处罚。 apollo是什么牌子的车 @2019

歌曲名:Apollo歌手:Hum专辑:Downward Is HeavenwardThe Tears - Apollo 13 by Molko6944Estuary girl you"re not the oneYou don"t belong to the world that I"m fromYour lazy words blow like confetti in the windIn the windEstuary girl you"re not part of my sceneYour feet don"t belong in my upholsterySometimes I sink when you call me on the phoneOn the phoneOh but if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll fly to the moonOh yes if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explodeSad as a song, a child of the streetsYour skin don"t belong on my designer sheetsIn eyeliner you wrote me a note that I"ll never read at allEstuary girlOh but if you follow me I will follow you to the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll fly to the moonOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explodeOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo we"ll sink like a stoneOh yes if you follow me I will follow you into the unknownOh like Apollo, like Apollo 13 we"ll explode(Estuary girl you"re not the one)(You don"t belong to the world that I"m from)(Estuary girl you"re not the one)(You don"t belong to the world that I"m from)http://music.baidu.com/song/8853484

1. 太阳神;【诗】太阳2. 美男子

1、首先打开apollo软件。2、其次点击办理海关规定手续，点击已办理的页面。3、最后点击查询，点击数字清关即可查询。

通过软件apollo在网络上办理海关规定的各项手续。apollo数字清关是指通过跨境apollo数字清关公共服务平台，对订单、支付、物流等原始数据自动采集，自动生成报关数据，自动计税，实现邮件、快件、跨境电商渠道的24小时无障碍通关，在网络上办理海关规定的各项手续。

阿波罗（希腊语：Απu03ccλλων；拉丁语：Apollo）是古希腊神话中的光明、音乐、预言与医药之神，为奥林匹斯十二主神之一，是众神之王宙斯与哺育女神勒托之子[1] ，狩猎神阿尔忒弥斯之弟。阿波罗又被称作福玻斯·阿波罗（Φοu03afβοu03c2 Απu03ccλλων），而福玻斯意思是“光明”或“光辉灿烂”。他主管预言、医药、畜牧、音乐等，是人类文明的保护神、预言之神、迁徙和航海者的保护神、医神以及消灾弥难之神。阿波罗是所有男神之中最英俊的一个，他快乐、聪明、拥有着阳光般的气质，在许多艺术家的诗与画中被视为光明、畜牧和音乐之神。阿波罗常被现代人说不是太阳神，而事实上，公元前5世纪已经将他赫利俄斯等希腊土著文明所信奉的太阳神进行并同。在古希腊神话晚期，阿波罗已经有太阳神属性。在著名的《荷马史诗》（公元前8世纪）的记载中，阿波罗被称为银弓之王、远射神、金剑王。

阿波罗（太阳神）；美男子。1、阿波罗(希腊语:Απu03ccλλων;拉丁语:Apollo)是古希腊神话中的光明、音乐、预言与医药之神，为奥林匹斯十二主神之一，是众神之王宙斯与哺育女神勒托之子 ，狩猎神阿尔忒弥斯之弟。阿波罗又被称作福玻斯·阿波罗(Φοu03afβοu03c2 Απu03ccλλων)，而福玻斯意思是"光明"或"光辉灿烂"。他主管预言、医药、畜牧、音乐等，是人类文明的保护神、预言之神、迁徙和航海者的保护神、医神以及消灾弥难之神。阿波罗是所有男神之中最英俊的一个，他快乐、聪明、拥有着阳光般的气质，在许多艺术家的诗与画中被视为光明、畜牧和音乐之神。阿波罗常被现代人说不是太阳神，而事实上，公元前5世纪已经将他赫利俄斯等希腊土著文明所信奉的太阳神进行并同。在古希腊神话晚期，阿波罗已经有太阳神属性。在著名的《荷马史诗》(公元前8世纪)的记载中，阿波罗被称为银弓之王、远射神、金剑王。2、阿波罗同时是男性美的象征。在众多的奥林匹斯山神中，阿波罗最受推崇。阿波罗出生的故事在诸多古希腊神话资料中都有记载，如《书库》、《德罗斯之歌》、《荷马颂歌》等中都有记载。这是一位永生的神，是光源与力量本身。作为天地间第一美男子，他的是美的原型。阿波罗是一个精力充沛，血气方刚的年轻人。他容貌英俊，散发着芳香且略微飘起的长发垂在肩上。前额宽阔，显得精明、坚定、安详、端庄和自豪。头上通常戴着用月桂树、爱神木、橄榄树或睡莲的枝叶编织的冠冕。这位光明之神有时穿着奢华，昂首蓝天，在他挂在胸前的齐特拉琴的伴奏下放声歌唱。人们通常用天鹅、鹰、狼和知了作为献给他的祭品。

Apollo[英][u0259"pu0252lu0259u028a][美][u0259"pɑ:lou028a]n.阿波罗; 太阳神; <诗>太阳; 美男子; 复数：Apollos易混淆单词：APOLLO以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.It could be another manhattan project or apollo program. 这或可堪比曼哈顿计划和阿波罗项目。

您好，您可以通过以下步骤查询Apollo数字清关：1. 打开Apollo软件。2. 点击办理海关规定手续，然后点击已办理的页面。3. 点击查询，点击数字清关即可查询。希望以上回答可以帮助到您，祝您查询顺利。

易车讯 日前，百度Apollo发布了全国首个全无人自动驾驶运营报告——《无人之境旅途：2022百度自动驾驶出行服务年度报告》（简称“报告”）。在报告中，百度公布了旗下自动驾驶出行服务平台“萝卜快跑”的最新运营成绩，稳居全球最大自动驾驶出行服务商。2013年启动自动驾驶领域布局至今，百度Apollo已积累超4600项自动驾驶专利族，高级别自动驾驶专利族数全球第一，测试总里程超5000万公里。而现在则已从“技术验证”升级走向“用户体验”，越来越多的人开始习惯使用自动驾驶作为日常出行工具，一股自动驾驶科技出行新风尚正在席卷而来。目前，萝卜快跑已覆盖北京、上海、广州、深圳、武汉、重庆等城市，在过去的一年间新增的商业化城市达7个，全无人自动驾驶出行服务城市已覆盖北京、武汉、重庆。伴随着百度Apollo在无人驾驶技术上的努力，越来越多的人也开始关注和了解自动驾驶领域、亲身体验无人车自动驾驶出行服务。报告数据显示，2022年萝卜快跑平台活跃用户数量较2021年增长了将近2倍，订单量也实现了多倍数增长。截至2023年一季度，萝卜快跑订单量已超200万，APP用户满意度评价达4.9分，其中5分满分好评占比最新数据高达97.12%。通过产品进化和服务提升，萝卜快跑正在为用户带来高品质、高科技的出行新方式。在用户粘性方面，萝卜快跑也收获了来自用户实际行动的肯定——在月活用户规模翻倍的前提下，2022年萝卜快跑月活4天以上的用户占比较2021年实现了8.06%的提升。同时，在2022年下半年出行环境逐渐稳定的情况下，萝卜快跑的月内复乘率稳定在了50%以上，较2021年提升了近10%。乘坐过萝卜快跑的用户对自动驾驶出行的信任度增加，满意度极高。每天的早晚用车高峰时段，萝卜快跑也已成为许多用户的通勤首选。运营数据显示，2022年萝卜快跑在各时段的用户出行需求量较前一年已翻倍，但又以早间7-9点和晚间16-19点为用户使用产品的高峰期，“早晚通勤”的场景属性已非常明显。在使用场景的问题中，也有67%的用户选择将萝卜快跑自动驾驶出行服务作为“上下班通勤补充/主要工具”，同时也存在购物、娱乐等多元化的用车场景需求，而纯体验的用户占比较少。萝卜快跑已经真正融入日常生活，乘坐过无人驾驶的人都会选择更加相信无人驾驶。百度创始人、董事长兼首席执行官李彦宏说过，创新的源头在于“反馈”，“创新不是闭门造车。创新是你有机会进入市场，不断获得用户和客户的反馈，摸着‘反馈"过河才能实现的。”萝卜快跑的魅力在于用户的深度参与，持续通过收集用户反馈来驱动自身创新，进而推进用户体验和功能优化。在2022年，萝卜快跑用户反馈量增长超过200%，且互动频率呈增强趋势，越来越多的用户参与到百度Apollo的自动驾驶出行产品及服务共建之中，与萝卜快跑一起成长。基于可靠的产品及服务质量，萝卜快跑在用户群体中也获得了良好的口碑。在“促使用户选择萝卜快跑的因素”调研中，“满足出行需求”及“科技感十足”占比较多，萝卜快跑已成为用户心中“科技出行”的代表。而用户的口口相传，也为萝卜出行进一步拓宽了潜在客群，例如在上海市嘉定区，有一位用户在自己使用过萝卜快跑的出行服务后认为非常方便，并推广给家乡人民，在2022全年带来了裂变新客520人。在萝卜快跑落地的各个城市之中，也逐渐形成了一批百度Apollo自动驾驶出行的忠实用户。例如北京亦庄的一位用户，在2022年共下单萝卜快跑出行服务979单；在广州市科学城，有一位用户2022全年乘坐里程达到了7095公里，创造了萝卜快跑全年最高里程用户的记录。萝卜快跑通过调研收集了用户关注和期待的优化点，作为未来打磨精进的重要方向。数据显示，用户期待的优化点主要集中在“新增上车点”、“接单时间”、“路线规划”三个方面，这也从侧面反映了用户对于自动驾驶出行服务的旺盛需求。萝卜快跑将通过进一步加速商业化进程，技术、产品及服务的不断升级，来满足用户日益增长的需求；并且持续与用户互动，和用户一起打磨产品、优化体验，做用户首选、可依赖的自动驾驶出行服务商。用户感受全无人智能乘车体验的同时，萝卜快跑也在不断提升全维度智能的安全保障。一方面，萝卜快跑提供全流程智能乘车引导，包括上车前的智能暗号找车、超时敦促，下车前的盲区监测和风险提示、展示右后方视频等，用以帮助用户安全快捷地乘坐无人车完成行程；在乘车过程中，也支持感知渲染帮助用户识别环境，用户自主调节空调温度、修改终点、一键呼出SOS等，打造舒适且有科技感的座舱体验。而另一方面，软硬件层面的全方位覆盖则为自动驾驶安全带来了全维度的保障，百度Apollo采用了在行业及全球范围领先的全无人车安全保障体系，通过全局指挥调度监控及远程5G云代驾等技术，高效配置车辆资源、实现多场景安全响应闭环。在全无人场景下还支持交警一键执法接入，迅速响应各类交通问题、保障人车安全。百度全无人车从0到1，走了九年；但从1到100辆，仅仅用了几个月。当前通用人工智能已经开始崭露头角，未来，随着技术的突破，无人驾驶普及的拐点行则将至。同时，人工智能赋予了智能汽车超级大脑，能够更加聪明地处理复杂的场景，大幅扩展自动驾驶的设计和运营的范围。百度预测，在2025年左右，全球会出现大范围进行Robotaxi商业运营的企业。而在这股浪潮之中，百度Apollo已经实现持续领跑，目前正在推进全无人规模化商业化落地，“无人车打萝卜”已成为用户出行的新选择。打开易车App，点击首页“智能化实测”，多角度了解热门新车科技亮点，获得选购智能电动车的权威参考依据。

百度阿波罗，“登月”之路漫漫。四年前，百度发布阿波罗名字下的自动驾驶平台，言外之意很明显:像阿波罗登月一样推动自动驾驶着陆。当时，百度摸索了四年，技术已经进化到第三代。真正的阿波罗计划始于1961年，阿姆斯特朗于1969年在月球上迈出了“一小步”，耗时8年。百度从2013年开始从事自动驾驶，今年正好是8年。6月17日，在北京亦庄阿波罗公园，百度发布了最新的第五代无人驾驶Robotaxi-ApolloMoon。寓意也很明确:这次“登月”计划，一举成功。美好的寓意，还有当初阿波罗“8年成功”的形而上祝福，气氛一直饱满。剩下的就看阿波罗月球和百度的命运了。01阿波罗月球的力量用一组数字来概括官方阿波罗月球的实力:产能比上一代高10倍，交付成功率99.99%，48万成本和价格，硬件可靠性2000。行业共识是自动驾驶落地有三大障碍:技术、成本、法规。法律法规主要依靠政府和行业组织。企业能做的主要是技术和成本。阿波罗月球的账面数字就是针对这两点。在技术层面，阿波罗月球的传感硬件与正在试运行的第四代产品大体相似。禾赛的激光雷达(2)是标准的，增加了摄像头的数量，提高了分辨率和帧率，但总体来说，它们受到了限制。如今，自动驾驶已经过了堆砌硬件的阶段，适可而止就好。官方容量比上一代高10倍，有点模糊。应该主要指的计算能力、算法和整体系统效率。800tops的平台计算能力非常强大(高于此，据说芯片计算能力将超过1000TOPS的蔚来ET7和智己L7)；算法和系统效率的优化不言而喻。公开道路试验进行了近两年，试验里程超过1200万公里，数值在此。为了加强记忆，官方抛出了四个9(99.99%)，强调阿波罗登月在真实场景中绝对万无一失。但测试条件和统计方法未知，暂不容易评估。相比技术，百度这次更愿意谈成本。不仅慷慨地展示了阿波罗月球48万的成本价，而且顺带一提，Robotaxi在业内的平均成本约为的三倍。这一举动相当致命。既给自己创造了动力，也暴露了同行的底层。未来谁叫Robotaxi落地，预计会有成本问题的解释。据百度计算，48万成本，5年运营，月成本约8000元，几乎是一线城市B2C网络打车的人员成本。结论是ApolloMoon已经触及了网约车的成本门槛。不过，如果算上安全员的工资，还是要高一些。我们不能不考虑可靠性就谈论成本。阿波罗平台上的前三代Robotaxi都是带自动驾驶硬件的现成产品，非常奇怪，故障率也很高。第四代与红旗合作，预装量产，可靠性开始有谱。在与极狐合作的阿波罗月球上，硬件可靠性据说超过2万小时，已经运行5年无忧。02登月的难度”显然，在阿波罗登月上，百度的策略发生了变化，不再单纯强调自身Robotaxi的“好”，而是明确告诉外界，Robotaxi不能再陷在“好”与“贵”的斗争中，可以大规模登陆。根据Apollo早期的计划，Robotaxi将在2023年发展到30个城市，拥有3000辆汽车和300万注册用户，并将部分商业化。目前测试车队规模为500辆，六倍翻两番的希望大部分依靠阿波罗登月。为此，政府设定了一个激进的迭代目标:两年的产品更换，十倍的产能提升和一半的成本降低。技术迭代和降低成本并不难，如果不是“十倍”和“一半”的话。同样，有了继续烧钱的决心和能力，将Robotaxi团队扩充到3000辆也就不难了。问题是，即使一切按预期进行，百度阿波罗也未必能成功“登月”。此前走得最远的Waymo，经过近三年的试运行，解决了Robotaxi体验差、接受度低，最重要的是不够安全(特别容易被追尾)的问题。阿波罗测试团队去年的运营报告相当喜人:21万人次，单城日订单2703单，整体客户满意度超过95%。但显然，结果不得不打折扣。一是试运营的场景有限，二是大部分年轻人都是早期采用者。例如，在北京，最受欢迎的路线是在两个地铁站之间。上班族和学生党都在钓鱼体验。当他们完成后，乘地铁回去与真实场景几乎没有关系。新鲜度、接受度和满意度能保持百分之几，不确定。在现实情况下，给机器安全需要勇气。这种将当前技术道路推向极限的勇气，是无法给予的。毕竟，算法再高级，也不可能穷尽所有的小概率场景。机器决策，也不可能有人的想象。阿波罗月球99.99%的交付率是真的，但安全上只有0和1的区别，0.01%的概率也能阻止Robotaxi上门。至于5G云成本、V2X等防故障措施，底层还可以，但不能解决噼啪间的安全问题。除了暂时无法逾越的技术限制，法律法规的落地暂时未知。不要看所有地方争着建设无人示范区，忙着发放试验许可证，这叫抢发展先机。制定规则，让Robotaxi大规模落地，就是另一回事了。目前没有时间表。03百度的焦虑在这种情况下，自动驾驶的比赛比短期内谁能做到，长期来看谁能穿的好。问题是百度可能买不起。8年的自动驾驶研究，推出Apollo4年，数百亿投资，150多家合作伙伴和近3000项自动驾驶专利，至今没有一个像样的收获。更重要的是，我们看不到可预测的收获在哪里。Robotaxi作为自主驾驶着陆的终极画面，当然很美，但就像阿波罗登月一样，需要时间和精力，还要看机缘。最初，百度推出Apollo开放平台，希望吸引更多的车企和供应商加入进来，使用自己的解决方案，这样收入至少可以部分支持自动驾驶项目。但说到未来的话语权，车企们纷纷打太极，对着Apollo微笑，接一些与大局无关的合作项目，掉头继续使用Tier1成熟的L2。有实力的都是自己从事自动驾驶。无奈之下，百度拉了吉利，成立了奇奇，下次造车，给阿波罗的落地增加了一些筹码。Q1财务报告发布后，李彦宏在所有员工信中明确表示，Apollo的商业化应该是“三条腿”:为原始设备制造商提供解决方案，自己造车，共享Robotaxi。但是，众所周知，后两项短期内没有盈利前景，只有秀秀的实力，帮助Apollosolutions在OEM端打开市场。剥离Apollo业务，独立融资或许能在一定程度上缓解百度的焦虑。巧合的是，阿波罗登月发布时，经历了近期人事风波的大洋彼岸的瓦伊莫宣布，已募集25亿美元，加上去年的32.5亿，累计外部融资57.5亿。几乎与此同时，通用汽车的子公司Cruise也宣布，其从通用金融获得了50亿的信贷，用于无人驾驶汽车Origin的大规模生产。此前，Cruise已经从软银和沃尔玛等外部投资者那里获得了超过100亿美元的资金，有足够的谷物和牧草。看到自动驾驶的投资正在升温，国内外同行都在补血，百度不可能没有想法。第一，我不想让把希望寄托在自己身上的孩子吃“百餐”；第二，阿波罗的外部估值可能永远达不到百度的预期。去年12月，瑞银对阿波罗的估值为100亿美元。相比之下，虽然Waymo比巅峰时期下降了一半以上，但仍有300亿英镑，Cruise也有300亿英镑。头营的阿波罗显然不满意。或许，经过今年的反复动作，资本市场会有不同的评价。在最初的阿波罗登月计划中，阿波罗1号被大火摧毁，在阿波罗7号之前，它全部在环绕地球轨道上进行无人驾驶测试，阿波罗8号首次进入月球轨道，阿波罗9号和10号都在环绕月球进行测试，最后才有了阿波罗11号的历史时刻。百度的Apollo显然经不起这样的折腾。以上内容由“车巴客”上传发布，查看原文。百万购车补贴

apollo出行是百度的。阿波罗是百度发布的名为Apollo（阿波罗）的向汽车行业及自动驾驶领域的合作伙伴提供的软件平台。2020年9月10日，百度Apollo宣布在北京正式开放自动驾驶出租车服务ApolloGo，北京用户可以在百度地图及Apollo官网上预约体验Robotaxi。2020年10月11日起，百度自动驾驶出租车服务在北京全面开放，北京的朋友们可在北京经济技术开发区、海淀区、顺义区的数十个自动驾驶出租车站点，无需预约，直接下单免费试乘自动驾驶出租车服务。apollo出行的平台背景：2017年4月19日，百度又一次展示了自动驾驶领域领导者的大气风范，发布了一项名为Apollo（阿波罗）的新计划，向汽车行业及自动驾驶领域的合作伙伴提供一个开放、完整、安全的软件平台，帮助他们结合车辆和硬件系统，快速搭建一套属于自己的完整的自动驾驶系统。百度开放此项计划旨在建立一个以合作为中心的生态体系，发挥百度在人工智能领域的技术优势，促进自动驾驶技术的发展和普及。

品牌是德国奥迪汽车公司，apollo是阿波罗跑车，一款跑车，一年只卖50到60辆，车价在27.2万美元左右。该车的生产地是德国东部的阿尔滕堡工厂，该车的发动机有650马力。奥迪汽车成立时间它成立于1909年6月16日，总部位于德国。奥迪品牌现在是德国大众的子公司，其标志是四个环环相扣。品牌的创始人是奥古斯特·霍斯(AugusteHoshi)。该品牌不仅在中国有分支机构，在世界许多国家也有分支机构。其代表车型为奥迪a6l。阿波罗跑车的发动机参数车辆匹配650马力的双增压发动机，该车型0至100公里加速时间仅为三秒。0到200公里加速时间8.9秒。车辆最高时速360公里，即使是奥迪自己生产的R8车型，百公里加速时间也没有达到三秒，可见这款车型的动力装备。百万购车补贴

problem 问题意思是，空气污染已经成为城市的最大问题

have是”持有，具有，拥有”．．there is是”存在有”

stop...from

　　Taylor Momsen 　　姓名：泰勒-摩森(Taylor Momsen) 　　出生年月：1993年7月26日 　　出生地：美国密苏里州圣路易斯市 　　身高：171 　　个人简介： 　　她三岁就开始了演艺生涯，出现在一支商业广告Shake and Bake。 　　泰勒的妹妹斯洛娜(Sloane)出生在1996年，也进入了演艺圈。她第一个角色是1999年客串了《先知游戏》(Prophet"s Game)。 　　她引起观众的注意是因为和吉姆-凯瑞(Jim Carey)合作出演了电影《圣诞怪杰》(How the Grinch Stole Christmas)，在电影中她扮演小女孩欣迪(Cindy)。 　　个人语录： 　　“我总是积极的面对人生。” 　　“我喜欢让我身边每个人都高兴。” 　　主要作品列表： 　　Doubting Thomas ------- (2008) 　　超狗任务/超人狗 Underdog ------- (2007) 　　绯闻少女/流言教主 "Gossip Girl" ------- (2007) 　　迷幻公园 Paranoid Park ------- (2007) 　　拯救夏伊洛 Saving Shiloh ------- (2006) 　　"Misconceptions" ------- (2006) 　　Best Ever Christmas Films ------- (2005) 　　奇幻森林历险记 Hansel & Gretel ------- (2002) 　　非常小特务II：梦境岛 Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams ------- (2002) 　　我们曾是战士/越战忠魂/勇士们/军天壮志 We Were Soldiers ------- (2002) 　　圣诞怪杰/格林奇偷走圣诞节 How the Grinch Stole Christmas ------- (2000) 　　2000 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards ------- (2000) 　　先知游戏 The Prophet"s Game ------- (1999) 　　

LINE接口用于接电话外线。PHONE接口用于接电话机，所有的分机或传真等都要在PHONE口之后接入。MODEM接口用于接ADSLMODEM的外线端口。ADSL的分离器是不存在PWR，LINK，DATA，PC等端口的，您说的这些应该是MODEM上的指示灯，不是端口.MODEM上一般只有三个端口：电源(PWR)，外线(WAN，ADSL或LINE)，内网端口(LAN，PC，ETHERNET等)，这些命名同样与MODEM的生产厂商有关。PWR灯亮代表电源正常，LINK亮代表外线激活正常，DATA亮代表有数据传送，PC亮代表与电脑网卡连接正常。

Klaus-Dieter BalkeInstitute for Geosciences,University of Tuebingen,Sigwartstr.10,D-72076 Tuebingen,GermanyYan ZhuDept.of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Yuquan Campus,310012 Hangzhou,P.R.China1 Water qualityThe quality of surface water in rivers,lakes or artificial reservoirs,depends nowadays not only on the natural composition of the water but also on the intensity and kind of man-made pollution.Groundwater contained in the subsurface fills pores and joints of rocks,see Fig.1.Fig.1　Kinds of subsurface water（after Davies ＆ DeWiest,1966）Fig.2　Concentration of dissolved salts increases from shallow to deep aquiferRegarding groundwater quality particularly the climatic parameters precipitation and temperature influence the hydrochemical properties.They govern weathering processes which cause a removal of soluble ions and molecules out of rocks.These substances,transported by percolating water,finally reach groundwater bodies.During the groundwater flow through an aquifer,chemical interactions between ground-water and the rocks of the aquifer take place.The main dissolved ions in groundwater are Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+, ， and Cl-.Additionally,there are many other compounds of minor concentration such as Fe,Si,Sr,B,NO3,CO3,etc.and trace substances such as Al,Cd,Cr,Co,Cu,Pb,Ra,Se,NO2,NH4,PO4,H2S,etc.Generally,the concentration of dis-solved salts increases from shallow to deep aquifers and the dominant ions change see Fig.2.cations;Ca2+-Ca2++Mg2+-Na+,anions: － ＋ －- － +Cl--Cl-.At a global scale,　the amount of dis-solved substances in shallow groundwater in-creases from the arctic areas via the temper-ate zones towards the arid regions and decreases again towards the humid tropics,see Fig.3.In most cases,between surface-and groundwater there exists a hydraulic connection,e.g.along river banks,see Fig.4.Surface-and groundwater influence each other and contamination can be transferred from surface water into groundwater and vice versa.Besides natural components dissolved in water a huge variety of artificially produced chemical substances may contaminate the water resources.Fig.3　Hydrochemical distribution of groundwater types of the European part of the USSR（after Alekin,1962）1.Zone of hydrogencarbonatic-SiO2-groundwater2.Zone of hydrogencarbonatic-Ca-groundwater3.Zone of prevailing sulphatic and chiloridic groundwater4.subzone of continental salt fringe5.Zone of hydrogencarbonatic-Ca-groundwater of montaneous areasFig.4　effluent system（a）and influent system（b）2　Artificial contamination of water2.1　AgricultureThe increase of food production in many areas around the world requires the application of increasing amounts of fertilizers.Among them especially nitrogen N as nitrate NO3,phosphorus P as phosphate PO4 and potassium K are essential elements for phytogenic and animal organisms.Especially high concentrations of nitrate and phosphate are to be found in water of rivers passing farm land and in groundwater below over-fertilized farm land where inorganic nitrate and phosphate are applied excessively.Another important source of contamination is often cattle breeding,respectively the removal of manure.Manure contains a lot of nitrate and is often spread out on farmland,from where it is washed into rivers and downwards into groundwater.In order to avoid harvest losses and to increase the crop yield,pesticides are usually applied to exterminate plant pests,weeds,destructive insects and parasites.The toxic components of these agents are organic compounds,especially chlorinated hydrocarbons,and inorganic chemicals such as heavy metals,hydrogen cyanide,phosphorus,sulphur,etc.Another group of contaminants with yet minor importance are veterinary pharmaceuticals which percolate the subsurface contained in fluid manure.2.2　IndustryIndustry and handicraft use numerous substances for their production:salts,heavy metals,hydrocarbons,chlorinated hydrocarbons,chlorofluorocarbons,radioactive compounds,pharmaceuticals,etc.These compounds are accumulated near the locations of the processing industries,in the working range of their products and in waste and sewage.Mineral oil products such as gasoline,diesel,kerosene,fuel oil,etc.are lighter than water.After having percolated the vadose zone they spread out above the groundwater surface,see Fig.5.There,lenses of oil are formed.The soluble parts of the mineral oil diffuse into the groundwater.If halogenated hydrocarbons seep downwards they infiltrate the vadose zone,percolate the aquifer and accumulate on its bottom,see Fig.5.That is an essentially different behaviour in an aquifer than that of oil.Fig.5　Behaviour of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbonsThe most important properties of chlorinated hydrocarbons are shown in Table 1:Table 1　Properties of some chlorinated hydrocarbonsThe water solubility of chlorinated hydrocarbons is relatively high,in many cases it exceeds by far the limiting values for drinking water.The boiling point is often below 100℃，i.e.such substances evaporate more easily than water.Their mass density,often above that of water,allows them to percolate through water bodies.Halogenated hydrocarbons are easily volatile and chemically very persistent,they are even able to penetrate clay layers and concrete;moreover,they are lipidophilic i.e.they can penetrate cell membranes and accumulate in organic cells.Therefore,they can be found nowadays in the atmosphere,in rain water,surface water,sea water and shallow groundwater as well as in plants,animals,and even within human beings.The most important users of chlorinated hydrocarbons are:metal industry,chemical industry,pharmaceutical industry,dry cleaners,textile industry,plastics processing industry,paper and pulp industry,car industry and repair shops,production of paints and varnishes,production of feed-stuff,printing shops,production of cooling agents,recycling plants,re-fineries,production of aroma substances and essences,etc.Heavy metals,67 metallic elements with specific weights greater than 5g/cm3,are natural constituents of rocks,enriched in ore deposits.Being involved in many chemical reactions and technical processes they are ultimately incorporated in waste,sewage,sewage sludge from treatment plants,and exhaust fumes.Since most of the heavy metals are toxic to human beings above individually specified concentration levels it is of great importance to control their existence in the environment.Heavy metals are elements and therefore not degradable by natural decay.They can precipitate especially as hydroxides（e.g.Fe（OH）3）,oxides（e.g.Fe3O4）,and sulphides（e.g.FeS2）,and they can be adsorbed by some natural substances（clay,hydroxides,humicmatter,etc.）.In case of changing pH-values（into the acid range）and redox potentials（to low values）adsorbed or precipitated heavy metals can be dissolved again.As a result of natural release（volcanic exhalations,weathering processes,burning of forests）and man-made release（traffic,industrial and private exhaust gases,plant protective agents,burning of oil,coal,and wood）,rainwater contains heavy metals.2.3　Private householdsIn private households salts,diluting agents,paint remover,cleaning agents,pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,etc.are in use.The waste from households is often deposited in uncontrolled municipal waste deposits which deliver contaminated waste water into the subsurface.Fluid contaminants percolate out of leaky sewage pipe systems into groundwater bodies.In developing countries septic tanks may release inorganic and organic pollutants.2.4　Pharmaceutical contaminantsWith growing population and rising living standard the application and use of pharmaceuticals increases.This group of chemical substances includes compounds such as hormones,vitamins,enzymes,beta-blocker,psycho pharmacological medicine,anti-epileptic drugs,antibiotics,disinfectants,etc.and their metabolites as decay products.In Germany about 45.000 different pharmaceuticals are licensed for sale.Nowadays,pharmaceuticals can be found in surface-and groundwater.Concentrations up to 20μg/L have been measured in water which is released from sewage treatment plants after the treatment process into receiving rivers,and values up to 1μg/L in groundwater.Regarding these results it has to be taken into consideration that only a very limited number of compounds have been measured until now.The endangering potential may be higher than yet estimated.Many pharmaceuticals are very persistent.In some cases 50% of the original dose is excreted from the body chemically unaltered,and they are not decayed by water treatment.Mainly released from sewage treatment plants into receiving rivers,from sewage of pharmaceutical industry,out of leaky sewer pipe systems,and dissolved in leachate from waste deposits,they pollute surface-and groundwater.A special source is cattle breeding with the application of antibiotics and hormones if liquid manure from these animals percolate into the subsurface.In German rivers maximum concentrations have been measured oflipid regulators　3.1μg/L,anti-phlogistics　4.1μg/L,beta-blockers　2.9μg/L,anti-epileptics　1.2μg/L,antibiotics　1.7μg/L,X-ray contrast medium　2.8μg/L,estrogens　0.0016μg/L.The concentrations are mostly higher in small than in big rivers,but they can accumulate to remarkable values,see Fig.6.Generally,the concentrations of pharmaceuticals and the number of substances involved are higher in surface water than in groundwater.At the present time,an endangering of human beings by pharmaceutics in drinking water and acute poisoning is scarcely to be expected.But it is as yet unknown whether a long-term poisoning by a cumulative effect may happen.Chronic effects could include toxicity against genes,nerves,and the immune system.It also has to be considered that enrichment effects in animals and human beings may lead to concentrations exceeding acceptable values.Such enrichment effects happened in fresh water fishes in Germany and in farmed shrimps in the Philip-pines some yearsago.In any case,it can be expected that in the long run germs,bacteria,viri,etc.come into being which are resistant to antibiotics.Also in such a way humans and the ecosystem could be affected.In order to reduce the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in surface-and groundwater it is necessary to optimise municipal and industrial sewage treatment processes,to repair defect sewage pipe systems,to use only controlled waste deposits,and to inform and train the population not to remove expired pharmaceutics by putting them into sewage.Fig.6　Contamination of the Weschnitz with pharmaceutical residues（after Ternes,2001）Another group of newly apparent substances in surface-and groundwater are cosmetics and perfumes（the production of cosmetics only in Germany amounted in 1993 to about 550.000 tons）.It has to be taken into consideration that most of these substances are finally washed off the body and disappear in the sewage system.References[1]Alekin O.A.1962.Grundlagen der Wasserchemie.-61 fig.,Leipzig（Dt.Verlag fur Grundstoffindistrie）,260p.[2]Davies N.S.,DeWiest,R.J.M.1966.Hydrogeology.-New York（Wiley）,463p.[3]Ternes Th.2001.Vorkommen von Pharmaka in Gew?ssern.-Wasser,Boden.53/4,ISSN 0043-0951,Berlin

你好！各种不同的污染，可以用复数比如，噪音，大气，水我的回答你还满意吗~~

waste是废物或者废弃物，比如化学废弃物，就是chemical waste。而pollution是污染，比如水污染，是water pollution。

polluting. pollution都可以作主语，但. polluting是动名词，后面一般要跟宾语，例如， Polluting the environment is not allowed而. pollution是名词后面不能跟别的词了.

tidy

Polluted.这个是被动语态，城市被污染。 Pollution.这个是污染的名词形式。

pollution的动词为：pollute词汇解析：一、pollution英 [pu0259u02c8lu:u0283n] 美 [pu0259u02c8luu0283u0259n]n.污染（作用）；腐败；堕落；沾污例句：The fine was for the company"s pollution of the air near its plants.公司被罚款是因为它的工厂污染了周围的空气。二、pollutional英 [pu0259"lu:u0283u0259nu0259l] 美 [pu0259"lu:u0283u0259nu0259l]污染的例句：Deep well injection may create pollutional problems.深井注入也会产生污染的问题。三、pollute英 [pu0259u02c8lu:t] 美 [pu0259u02c8lut]v.污染；玷污例句：We should not pollute our rivers with waste.我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。

pollution是第三人称单数如 The air pollution is harmful to people"s health.

pollution，英文单词，名词，作名词时意为"污染，污染物"。

much. quantity of. heavily. tremendous. 这里有形容词有副词

pollute v.动词 污染pollution n.名词 污染没什么特别的句型比如pullute the air 污染空气air pollution 空气污染

当然contamination好

pollution pollution[英][pu0259u02c8lu:u0283n][美][pu0259u02c8luu0283u0259n]n.污染（作用）; 腐败; 堕落; 沾污;1.Air pollution control measures on track.控制空气污染措施如期进行。2.She calls the phenomenon "gender pollution."她将这一现象称为“性别污染”。pollute[英][pu0259"lu:t][美][pu0259u02c8lut] vt.污染; 玷污，亵渎; 破坏（品性），使堕落; 第三人称单数：pollutes过去分词：polluted现在进行时：polluting过去式：polluted1.We love the sea, yet we pollute it.我们热爱大海，然而我们却污染了它。2.But when they begin to pollute our cultural treasure and their nemesis I get angry.但当他们开始玷污我们的文化瑰宝时他们的宿敌我愤怒了。3.Did it pollute the environment?它对环境有污染吗？4.As developing countries get richer, they tend to pollute less.随着发展中国家变得富有，他们会倾向于减少污染。

pollute v.动词 污染 pollution n.名词 污染 没什么特别的句型 比如 pullute the air 污染空气 air pollution 空气污染

pollute v.动词 污染 pollution n.名词 污染 没什么特别的句型 比如 pullute the air 污染空气 air pollution 空气污染

fight pollution网络与污染作斗争双语例句1The new tax is meant to reduce fuel consumption and fight pollution.这一新的税收的目的是降低油耗和减缓污染。

air polluton (pollution name) Air pollution is a big problem. Two thing cause air pollution.They are rubbish waste water and oil. If we keep on causing air pollution we won"t have any fresh air to breathe. We should help reduce air pollution.We shouldn"t keep the engine running when we are not driving .Factories should"t produce too much *** oke. water pollution (pollution name) Water pollution is a big problem. Two thing cause water pollution.They are rubbish waste water and oil. If we keep on causing water pollution we won"t have ckean water to drink and sea animals wll die. We should help reduce water pollution .We shouldn"t dump rubbish in the sea.Factories shouldn"t emptywater and oil into the sea.They will kill fish and dolphins. land pollution 只要你模仿头先个啲字 再次收正就得.你系里面抽一 二句出来 就应该可以帮到你. 我只系6年级 所以用词唔系太高深. 希望帮到你.Have a happy new years!~~ 有咩问题可以send 俾我[email protected] 参考: 自己的知识 同我miss所教导的

pollution pollution[英][pu0259u02c8lu:u0283n][美][pu0259u02c8luu0283u0259n]n.污染（作用）; 腐败; 堕落; 沾污;1.Air pollution control measures on track.控制空气污染措施如期进行。2.She calls the phenomenon "gender pollution."她将这一现象称为“性别污染”。pollute[英][pu0259"lu:t][美][pu0259u02c8lut] vt.污染; 玷污，亵渎; 破坏（品性），使堕落; 第三人称单数：pollutes过去分词：polluted现在进行时：polluting过去式：polluted1.We love the sea, yet we pollute it.我们热爱大海，然而我们却污染了它。2.Did it pollute the environment?它对环境有污染吗？3.As developing countries get richer, they tend to pollute less.随着发展中国家变得富有，他们会倾向于减少污染。

pollution造句：1、The level of pollution in the river was falling. 这条河中的污染物水平在下降。 扩展资料 1、The level of pollution in the river was falling. 这条河中污染物水平在下降。2、Stationary cars in traffic jams cause a great deal of pollution 交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。

您好亲，答案：不可以；解析：因为“pollution（污染）”是不可数名词，不能用“many（许多，修饰可数名词复数）”修饰。

pollutionn.污染（作用）; 腐败; 堕落; 沾污;Air pollution control measures on track.控制空气污染措施如期进行。pollutevt.污染; 玷污，亵渎; 破坏（品性），使堕落; 第三人称单数：pollutes过去分词：polluted现在进行时：polluting过去式：polluted1.We love the sea, yet we pollute it.我们热爱大海，然而我们却污染了它。们的宿敌我愤怒了。2.Did it pollute the environment?它对环境有污染吗？

答案：less 根据more trees和pollution可知，“多种树，少污染”，应该与more对应，用形容词的比较级形式；又因为pollution是不可数名词形式，此处应该是little比较级less，意思是“比较少的污染”，故填：less．

这么长还没有分。

[pu0259"luu02d0u0283(u0259)n] pol/lu/tion 记忆字母词缀，（音“破露信”）n. 污染；污染物

pollution造句简单有：The pollution has already turned vast areas污染已经影响了广大地区；The level of pollution in the river was falling河水的污染程度正在下降。Pollution is the process of polluting water污染是污染水的过程。pollution是名词，意思是污染（作用）； 腐败； 堕落； 沾污。 扩展资料 pollution造句简单有：The pollution has already turned vast areas污染已经影响了广大地区；The level of pollution in the river was falling河水的污染程度正在下降。

污染

pollution好像更严重点啊，一般指环境污染contamination就只是不干净而已，没那么严重

不为人们重视的光污染ENVIRONMENT REPORT - August 31, 2001: Light PollutionBy Mario Ritter（Start at 1"01" ）This is Bill White with with the VOA Special English Environment Report. We usually think of (1)pollution as a harmful waste (2)substance that threatens the air and water. But some people have become (3)concerned about another kind of pollution. It can be everywhere, depending on the time of day. And it is not thought of as a substance. It is light. The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to (4)observe stars and (5)planets in the night sky. In Nineteen-Eighty-Eight, the International Dark-Sky Association formed. This organization wants to reduce light pollution in the night sky. It also (6)urges the effective use of electric lighting. There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, California. Mount Wilson Observatory was home to the largest (7)telescopes in the world during the first half of the Nineteen-Hundreds. During that period, Los Angeles grew to become one of America"s biggest cities. Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important research center because of light pollution. Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescopes in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illinois. Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light that shines into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution. Recently, two Italian (8)astronomers and an American (9)environmental scientist created a world map of the night sky. The map shows that North America, Western Europe and Japan have the greatest amount of light pollution. Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own (10)galaxy, The (11)Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three-fourths of Americans cannot see the Milky Way because of man-made light. Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. But light pollution threatens to (12)prevent those wonderful sights from being seen. This VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT was written by Mario Ritter. (1) pollution[ pE5lu:FEn, -5lju:- ]n.污染, 玷污(2) substance[ 5sQbstEns ]n.物质, 实质, 主旨(3) concern[ kEn5sE:n ]vt.涉及, 关系到n.(利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是(4) observe[ Eb5zE:v ]vt.观察, 观测, 遵守, 评述, 说(5) planet[5plAnIt]n.[天]行星(6) urge[ E:dV ]vt.催促, 力劝n.强烈欲望, 迫切要求v.促进(7) telescope[ 5teliskEup ]n.望远镜v.压缩(8) astronomer[E5strRnEmE(r)]n.天文学家(9) environmental[ in7vaiErEn5mentl ]adj.周围的, 环境的n.环境论(10) galaxy[ 5^AlEksi ]n.星系, 银河, 一群显赫的人, 一系列光彩夺目的东西(11) Milky Way银河(12) prevent[ pri5vent ]v.防止, 预防

pollution是不可数名词，没有复数形式； 可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 扩展资料 　　The levels of pollution in this area are unduly high. 　　本地区的污染程度过高。 　　Pollution is just one of the disadvantages of living in the town. 　　污染只是生活在城里的不利条件之一。 　　The EU has set strict limits on levels of pollution. 　　欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。 　　We need more laws to stop pollution. 　　我们需要制定更多法律来防止污染。 　　The new government has yet to grapple with the problem of air pollution. 　　新政府还需尽力解决空气污染问题。

polluted pollutionpollute 是动词 pollution是名词

pollution在指污染种类时可数，如果单只一种，就不可数。pollution的意思是污染物、污染。其词组为：clearpollution清除污物；control（reduce）pollution控制、减少污染；environmentalpollution环境污染。

形容词为polluted

你要是不会看音标，就下一个英语字典软件基本都有配音 。你这么问怎么回答你

pollution 是指广意上的污染。如空气污染，光污染等。例：1. The pollution could decimate the river"s thriving population of kingfishers. 污染可能会造成河边大量繁殖的翠鸟大批死亡。2. The pollution has already turned vast areas into a wasteland. 污染已经使大片地区沦为不毛之地。pollutant 是污染物，污染剂；污染体。例：1. Carbon dioxide may not be a typical air pollutant. 二氧化碳可能不是一种典型的污染物。2. Coal itself is a heavy pollutant. 煤本身就是一种严重的污染物。