英文名字中的各种颜色的表达方法

木炭主要成分是碳元素,灰分很低,热值约27.21~33.49兆焦/千克,此外还有氢、氧、氮以及少量的其他元素。所以其化学式即分子式:C。木炭（charcoal），一种燃料名称。是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。物化性质：木炭主要成分是碳元素，灰分很低，热值约27.21~33.49兆焦／千克，此外还有氢、氧、氮以及少量的其他元素，其含量与树种的关系不大，主要取决于炭化的最终温度。木炭属于憎水性物质，灰分含量在6%以内，孔隙占木炭体积7%以上，比重一般为1.3～1.4，发热量取决于炭化条件，一般在8000千卡／千克左右，木炭的还原能力大于焦炭。木炭有大量的微孔和过渡孔，使它不仅有较高的比表面积，而且孔内焦油物质被排除后将有很好的吸附性能。与氧气完全燃烧产生二氧化碳，不完全燃烧产生有毒气体一氧化碳。较为疏松。微机量热仪是测试木炭热值的设备。

木炭的单词有：coal，charcoal。 木炭的单词有：coal，charcoal。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 词性是：名词。 拼音是：mù tàn。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois四、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的成语雪中送炭涂炭生灵生灵涂炭吞炭为哑冰炭不投枘凿冰炭雪里送炭民生涂炭苍生涂炭坐于涂炭关于木炭的词语黎庶涂炭冰炭不投漆身吞炭生灵涂炭雪中送炭万民涂炭苍生涂炭坐于涂炭生民涂炭踞炉炭上关于木炭的造句1、于是，一些现代“卖炭翁”铤而走险，做起了跨国走私木炭的“黑心”买卖。2、过去木质炭化物大多作为燃料用，利用价值低，对木炭的研究已渐被忽视。3、一但点火之后硝石受热分解，同时引燃硫粉和木炭粉，最终生成硫化钾、空气中含量最多的气体以及一种无色无毒的常见气体。4、每一样都有特定的含义，石子表示在新的一年里心肠硬，毛线表示心肠软，木炭表示心肠黑，辣椒表示嘴如刀。5、他一边轮流握住三个木柄匀速转动着，一边从昨晚熄了的火堆中挑出些木炭又扔进了这堆火里。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

char：烧焦 coal：煤charcoal：木炭，即 烧焦的煤

《饥荒》木炭代码是charcoal。《饥荒》是一款动作冒险类求生游戏，于2013年4月23日在PC上发行，2015年7月9日在iOS发布口袋版。游戏讲述的是关于一名科学家被恶魔传送到了一个神秘的世界，玩家将在这个异世界生存并逃出这个异世界的故事。游戏的最终目的就是活下去，活的天数越长，最后的分数就越高。并且在这个基础上，玩家可以收集散落在各地的传送门零件，在底座进行组装，就可以带着玩家收集的东西进入冒险模式。新版进入冒险模式只需要找到大门就可以进入，冒险模式一共有5关，通关后可以解锁人物麦斯威尔，在通关的过程中也有可能解锁韦斯。角色属性游戏里有4个人物数值，生命、饥饿、SAN值和湿度，不同人物的各项数值不同。生命值由一个爱心图标表示，当生命值归0时，玩家死亡。精神值由一个大脑的图标表示，当精神值过低时，出现幻觉现象，兔人变胡须领主，兔子变噩梦兔，梦魇也将实体化攻击玩家。威尔逊是一名彬彬有礼的科学家，也是唯一可以长出胡子的角色，他还是肉像的原型。薇洛是一名纵火女孩，是游戏中第一解锁的角色，也是第一个可使用的女性角色，开局自带一无耐久度的打火机。

黑炭的国语词典是：曾与火成岩接触而稍为焦化的石炭。黑色板状块体，有松脂光泽，燃烧时有烟臭，是制焦炭、煤气、石炭酸、柏油等的原料。词语翻译英语coal,charcoal,(ofskin)_darklypigmented,charcoal(color)_,bituminouscoal(mining)_法语charbon,pigmentationfoncée,charbonbitumineux。黑炭的国语词典是：曾与火成岩接触而稍为焦化的石炭。黑色板状块体，有松脂光泽，燃烧时有烟臭，是制焦炭、煤气、石炭酸、柏油等的原料。词语翻译英语coal,charcoal,(ofskin)_darklypigmented,charcoal(color)_,bituminouscoal(mining)_法语charbon,pigmentationfoncée,charbonbitumineux。注音是：ㄏㄟㄊㄢ_。拼音是：hēitàn。结构是：黑(上下结构)炭(上下结构)。黑炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】指在炭化完毕时闷窑熄火制成的木炭。外表呈黑色。含挥发物质较多，发火点低，着火容易。可用于制造活性炭_二硫化碳和黑火药等。二、引证解释⒈指在炭化完毕时闷窑熄火制成的木炭。外表呈黑色。含挥发物质较多，发火点低，着火容易。可用于制造活性炭、二硫化碳和黑火药等。引周立波《第一夜》：“我的眼睛到处搜寻着，右边一板白色粉墙上，什么人用黑炭画了一只老鼠，后面有一只猫追赶。”刘波泳《秦川儿女》第十二章：“房梁、檩条、椽子横三竖四，都变成了黑炭。”三、网络解释黑炭黑炭：燃料黑炭：回到过去变成猫男主角关于黑炭的诗句民贼举家成黑炭关于黑炭的成语坐于涂炭吞炭为哑枘凿冰炭生灵涂炭吞炭漆身雪中送炭苍生涂炭万民涂炭雪里送炭关于黑炭的词语万民涂炭坐于涂炭生民涂炭涂炭生民苍生涂炭雪中送炭黎庶涂炭生灵涂炭吞炭漆身生人涂炭关于黑炭的造句1、夜是平安，节为圣诞，圣诞老头，骑鹿乱窜。身穿红衣，背个大袋，总钻烟囱，专找袜袋。一脸黑炭，微笑床前，美丽梦想，好运不断。2、有一次，参谋长的妻子到团里看望丈夫，两个人迎面走过，结果老婆非但没认出来，还向面前的这个黑炭头问，“老兵，你们参谋长在哪儿?”。3、包青天;包家;黄河清;包公;包龙图;包黑炭。4、女兵是部队里的宝贝疙瘩，有过军旅生涯的人都知道，在部队女兵就是骄傲的代名词，都是被一帮子黑炭呵护备至的玫瑰花。5、炊烟窈窕，空气微甜，草木生香。白米黑炭，铁锅柴灶，方桌长凳。简单的生活，贵重的安宁。点此查看更多关于黑炭的详细信息

charcoal

Charcoal木炭/ Red红

charcoal pearl 木炭珍珠，一种工艺品，木炭在高温高压下发生物理变化而形成的一种结晶物，外形圆润，酷似珍珠，但其本身和珍珠毫不相干。

dust charcoal 我想应该是这个。这就是你要的无疑!

炭

木炭的读音是：mù tàn。 木炭的拼音是：mù tàn。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 词性是：名词。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois四、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词charcoalcoal关于木炭的成语枘凿冰炭冰炭不投万民涂炭坐于涂炭雪里送炭雪中送炭踞炉炭上吞炭为哑涂炭生灵生灵涂炭关于木炭的词语漆身吞炭雪里送炭黎庶涂炭涂炭生灵雪中送炭冰炭不投生民涂炭坐于涂炭民生涂炭万民涂炭关于木炭的造句1、一但点火之后硝石受热分解，同时引燃硫粉和木炭粉，最终生成硫化钾、空气中含量最多的气体以及一种无色无毒的常见气体。2、他一边轮流握住三个木柄匀速转动着，一边从昨晚熄了的火堆中挑出些木炭又扔进了这堆火里。3、他好像觉得，多亏这副软木炭画的胡子，今天他才首次充分地认识她了。4、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。5、每一样都有特定的含义，石子表示在新的一年里心肠硬，毛线表示心肠软，木炭表示心肠黑，辣椒表示嘴如刀。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

activated charcoal [化工] 活性炭双语例句 1.The huge surface area of activated charcoal gives it countless bonding sites. 活性炭巨大的表面积提供了大量的活性位点。2.It also means that, once all of the bonding sites are filled, an activated charcoal filter stops working. 这也意味着，一旦所有的活性位点都被占据，活性炭过滤器就不起所用。

钢炭是木炭的一种,是用一种特殊的树木烧制成的,成品在一起碰撞发出的声音和金属一样，所以称为钢炭木炭产品主要分为白炭、黑炭、活性炭、机制炭等四大类，下面对白炭做简单的基础知识介绍：白炭原料产地：白炭主要以硬阔叶材中的壳斗科、榆科树木为原料，由于树中的不同有可分为：乌冈白炭（原料：乌冈栎）、青冈白炭（原料：青冈栎）、白炭（原料：其他栎木、榉树等不成材林）。特点：优点燃烧时间长，不冒烟，无污染，比重大，敲击有金属钢音；缺点受潮易发爆（燃烧时发出噼里啪啦的声音，并有火星飞溅伤人）、价格昂贵等。每克活性炭的总表面积可达1500平方米以上，不冒烟、浙江一带、青冈白炭（原料、湖南、作催化剂和催化剂载体中的应用还不够广泛、催化性能；按用途可分为气相吸附炭。除了高温下同氧接触、干燥。

目录 1 拼音 2 英文参考 3 国标编号 4 中文名称 5 英文名称 6 活性碳的别名 7 分子式 8 外观与性状 9 分子量 10 沸点 11 溶解性 12 密度 13 主要用途 14 健康危害 15 毒理学资料及环境行为 16 环境标准 1 拼音 huó xìng tàn 2 英文参考 Carbon activated Activated charcoal Activated char Carbon active Carbon Amorphous Carbon black Carbon decolorizing Charcoal active 3 国标编号 42521 4 中文名称 活性碳 5 英文名称 Carbon activated；Activated charcoal；Activated char；Carbon active；Carbon Amorphous；Carbon black；Carbon decolorizing；Charcoal active 6 活性碳的别名 活性炭黑 7 分子式 C 8 外观与性状 黑色细微粉末。无臭，无味，无砂性 9 分子量 12.011 10 沸点 4200℃ 11 溶解性 不溶于水和有机溶剂 12 密度 相对密度 1.8～2.1 13 主要用途 具有高容量吸附有机色素及含氮堿的能力 14 健康危害 侵入途径：吸入 健康危害：症状有结膜炎，角膜再生不良、湿疹和支气管炎等。 15 毒理学资料及环境行为 危险特性：吸入粉尘有中等程度危险。易燃。 16 环境标准 美国（1976）公共给水标准 0.3mg/L 防护措施：操作时应戴防目镜，以避免眼反复接触。工作者应每天淋浴。

木炭的词语有：坐于涂炭，踞炉炭上，漆身吞炭。 木炭的词语有：坐于涂炭，万民涂炭，苍生涂炭。2：注音是、ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。3：结构是、木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。4：拼音是、mù tàn。5：词性是、名词。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois四、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词charcoalcoal关于木炭的成语坐于涂炭生灵涂炭苍生涂炭踞炉炭上万民涂炭涂炭生灵雪里送炭枘凿冰炭民生涂炭雪中送炭关于木炭的造句1、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。2、另一个装置休息了木炭燃烧产生的玉米芯。3、过去木质炭化物大多作为燃料用，利用价值低，对木炭的研究已渐被忽视。4、用木炭冶炼金属硅耗费大量木炭，很大程度依赖日益缺乏的森林资源。5、一但点火之后硝石受热分解，同时引燃硫粉和木炭粉，最终生成硫化钾、空气中含量最多的气体以及一种无色无毒的常见气体。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

染料合成表红色染料 : 1 filled water container(满水水袋), 2 charcoal(木炭), and 15 tintoberry(_果)白色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 stimberry(白果)黄色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Amarberry(_果)蓝色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Azulberry(蓝果)黑色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Narcoberry(黑果)绿色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal , 9 Azulberry(蓝果) and 9 Amarberry(_果)紫色染料 : 1 filled water container , 2 charcoal , 9 Azulberry(蓝果) and 9 tintoberry(_果)橙色染料 : 1 filled water container , 2 charcoal , 9 Amarberry(_果) and 9 tintoberry(_果)

木炭的结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。 木炭的结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 词性是：名词。 拼音是：mù tàn。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois四、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词coalcharcoal关于木炭的成语雪中送炭民生涂炭雪里送炭吞炭为哑枘凿冰炭冰炭不投万民涂炭苍生涂炭涂炭生灵踞炉炭上关于木炭的词语踞炉炭上漆身吞炭生灵涂炭冰炭不投雪里送炭生民涂炭雪中送炭苍生涂炭万民涂炭坐于涂炭关于木炭的造句1、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。2、于是，一些现代“卖炭翁”铤而走险，做起了跨国走私木炭的“黑心”买卖。3、过去木质炭化物大多作为燃料用，利用价值低，对木炭的研究已渐被忽视。4、一但点火之后硝石受热分解，同时引燃硫粉和木炭粉，最终生成硫化钾、空气中含量最多的气体以及一种无色无毒的常见气体。5、他一边轮流握住三个木柄匀速转动着，一边从昨晚熄了的火堆中挑出些木炭又扔进了这堆火里。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

Egg has appeared in the fifties when, authentic street food in Hong Kong, with eggs, sugar, flour, evaporated milk, e, causing the egg mixture, then caught in the iron template made in charcoal on baking, is said to be in the past grocery store, 2013-10-30 23:03:17 补充： every day, many of the eggs cracked, broken boss in order not to waste discarded, so they try to add the flour and butter and other materials into something slurry, 2013-10-30 23:03:26 补充： then pour baking mold, and later for the beauty and the mold is designed to *** all egg shape, and therefore have a "egg" this name.,Egg larvae in the 1950s when it has already occurred, is Hong Kong Street snacks, with eggs, sugar, flour, milk, egg mixture, then caught in the iron template in charcoal on baking, is said to be used at the grocery store, every day many egg cracked, broken-boss in order not to waste away, so they try to join a flour-butter, and other materials into pulp, and then baked, inverted and baking and later and will die design into *** all egg shape, also a "eggs" that name.,The history of local street snack "egglets" can be traced back to 1950s. It derives from a batter posed of ingredients like eggs, sugar, flour, and evaporated milk, which is placed beeen iron moulds and heated above charcoal stoves. It is believed that the creation of "egglets" was due to the great number of broken or rotten eggs leftover in groceries, which the shopowner thought would be a huge waste to throw away. He then tried to add ingredients such as flour and butter to make a thick batter, and pour it to a mould for heating. The unique shape of *** all "eggs" was later bestowed by a specially designed mould, and that gave "egglets" its name.,参考: me,

木炭的国语词典是：一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois。 木炭的国语词典是：一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois。 词性是：名词。 拼音是：mù tàn。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词coalcharcoal关于木炭的成语涂炭生灵万民涂炭枘凿冰炭雪里送炭冰炭不投坐于涂炭雪中送炭吞炭为哑踞炉炭上民生涂炭关于木炭的词语生民涂炭踞炉炭上黎庶涂炭雪里送炭苍生涂炭民生涂炭坐于涂炭漆身吞炭冰炭不投雪中送炭关于木炭的造句1、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。2、这两个容器里装有河砂，铁块河木炭。3、他好像觉得，多亏这副软木炭画的胡子，今天他才首次充分地认识她了。4、另一个装置休息了木炭燃烧产生的玉米芯。5、用木炭冶炼金属硅耗费大量木炭，很大程度依赖日益缺乏的森林资源。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

木炭的网络解释是：木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。 木炭的网络解释是：木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。 词性是：名词。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。 拼音是：mù tàn。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词coalcharcoal关于木炭的成语雪里送炭冰炭不投苍生涂炭万民涂炭生灵涂炭涂炭生灵吞炭为哑雪中送炭坐于涂炭踞炉炭上关于木炭的词语苍生涂炭漆身吞炭民生涂炭生灵涂炭雪里送炭万民涂炭涂炭生灵冰炭不投生民涂炭雪中送炭关于木炭的造句1、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。2、他好像觉得，多亏这副软木炭画的胡子，今天他才首次充分地认识她了。3、过去木质炭化物大多作为燃料用，利用价值低，对木炭的研究已渐被忽视。4、他一边轮流握住三个木柄匀速转动着，一边从昨晚熄了的火堆中挑出些木炭又扔进了这堆火里。5、用木炭冶炼金属硅耗费大量木炭，很大程度依赖日益缺乏的森林资源。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

各车系电路导线颜色英文缩写 一、TOYOT丰田（代表日本车系） B=Black黑色 BR=Brown棕色 G=Green绿色 GR=Gray灰色 L=Blue蓝色 LG=Light Green浅绿色 O=Orange橙色 P=Pink粉红色 R=Red红色 SB=Sky Blue天蓝色 V=Violet紫色 W=White白色 Y=Yellow黄色 二、GM通用（代表美国车系） BLK=Black黑色 ORN=Orange橙色 WHT= White白色 BLU= Blue蓝色 PNK= Pink粉红色 YEL= Yellow黄色 BRN= Brown棕色 PPL=Purple紫色 GRA=Gray灰色 RED=Red红色 GRN=Green绿色 TAN=褐色 另外还有两个修饰语： DK=Dark深色 LT=Light浅色 三、FORD福特（也是美国车系常用的） BK=Black黑色 O=Orange橙色 W= White白色 BL= Blue蓝色 PK= Pink粉红色 Y= Yellow黄色 BR= Brown棕色 P=Purple紫色 GY=Gray灰色 R=Red红色 GN=Green绿色 PK= Pink粉红色 T=Tan褐色 DB=Dark Blue深蓝色 DG==Dark Blue深蓝色 LB=Dark Blue浅蓝色 LG=Dark Blue浅蓝色 四、BMW宝马（代表德国车系，有德、英两种缩写方式） BK=Black黑色 BL= Blue蓝色 BR= Brown棕色 GE= Yellow黄色 GN=Green绿色 GR=（1）Green绿色 （2）Gray灰色 GY=Gray灰色 OR=Orange橙色 PK= Pink粉红色 R=Red红色 RT=Red红色 RS Pink粉红色 SW=Black黑色 TN=褐色 V=Violet紫色 VI=Violet紫色 W= White白色 WS= White白色 Y= Yellow黄色 遗憾的是,没有你所讲的RU~~所以给你看些其他的缩写~

昨天杨刚有没有美白效果功效当然有美白效果呀！

木炭的词性是：名词。 木炭的词性是：名词。 拼音是：mù tàn。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。二、引证解释⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。三、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois四、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词coalcharcoal关于木炭的成语雪中送炭万民涂炭苍生涂炭坐于涂炭雪里送炭吞炭为哑涂炭生灵生灵涂炭枘凿冰炭踞炉炭上关于木炭的词语万民涂炭漆身吞炭坐于涂炭雪里送炭民生涂炭黎庶涂炭踞炉炭上涂炭生灵苍生涂炭生民涂炭关于木炭的造句1、他好像觉得，多亏这副软木炭画的胡子，今天他才首次充分地认识她了。2、过去木质炭化物大多作为燃料用，利用价值低，对木炭的研究已渐被忽视。3、于是，一些现代“卖炭翁”铤而走险，做起了跨国走私木炭的“黑心”买卖。4、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。5、另一个装置休息了木炭燃烧产生的玉米芯。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

木炭的词语解释是：木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。 木炭的词语解释是：木炭mùtàn。(1)由木头制备的炭。(2)由软木制得的炭，用作吸附剂。 拼音是：mù tàn。 词性是：名词。 注音是：ㄇㄨ_ㄊㄢ_。 结构是：木(独体结构)炭(上下结构)。木炭的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、引证解释【点此查看计划详细内容】⒈木材在不通空气的条件下加热所得到的无定形碳。黑色，质硬，具有很多细孔，可做燃料，也可用于过滤液体和气体，制造黑色火药等。引《旧唐书·杜佑传》：“佑始奏营缮归之将作，木炭归之司农，染练归之少府。”宋陆游《老学庵笔记》卷一：“北方多石炭，南方多木炭，而蜀又有竹炭。”《元史·百官志六》：“养种园，提领二员。掌西山淘煤，羊山烧造黑白木炭，以供修建之用。”杨朔《征尘》：“我移动板凳，坐到炭盆前，两脚踩着盆边，木炭的火苗小蛇似的飞舞着。”⒉指绘画用的炭条。参见“木炭画”。二、国语词典一种将木材密闭于窑中，用火烧成的燃料。词语翻译英语charcoal德语Holzkohle(S)_法语charbondebois三、网络解释木炭（燃料）木炭（charcoal）是木材或木质原料经过不完全燃烧，或者在隔绝空气的条件下热解，所残留的深褐色或黑色多孔固体燃料。木炭是保持木材原来构造和孔内残留焦油的不纯的无定形碳。中国商代的青铜器和春秋战国时代铁器的冶炼都用木炭，利用其吸湿性来观测气候变化等。关于木炭的近义词柴炭关于木炭的单词coalcharcoal关于木炭的成语坐于涂炭涂炭生灵冰炭不投民生涂炭雪中送炭雪里送炭生灵涂炭苍生涂炭枘凿冰炭吞炭为哑关于木炭的词语生民涂炭万民涂炭苍生涂炭民生涂炭冰炭不投坐于涂炭漆身吞炭雪中送炭生灵涂炭雪里送炭关于木炭的造句1、这两个容器里装有河砂，铁块河木炭。2、另一个装置休息了木炭燃烧产生的玉米芯。3、利用苏澳冷泉做出来的羊羹、用木炭与甘蔗渣烘熏出来的鸭赏、经过熏制的胆肝、以金枣或李子腌制而成的蜜饯等，合称宜兰四宝。4、他好像觉得，多亏这副软木炭画的胡子，今天他才首次充分地认识她了。5、于是，一些现代“卖炭翁”铤而走险，做起了跨国走私木炭的“黑心”买卖。点此查看更多关于木炭的详细信息

黑色的食物挺多的呀，比如说黑芝麻就是黑色的，再比如说黑木耳也是黑色的，还有黑色的食物，比如说黑豆也是黑色的，都说吃黑色的食物有助于乌发

燃烧

为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO26(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Energy and the Industrial Revolution，希望大家喜欢! 托福阅读原文 【1】For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power. Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine. 【2】In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. The engine helped solve the problem of draining coal mines of groundwater and increased the production of coal needed to power steam engines elsewhere. A rotary engine attached to the steam engine enabled shafts to be turned and machines to be driven, resulting in mills using steam power to spin and weave cotton. Since the steam engine was fired by coal, the large mills did not need to be located by rivers, as had mills that used water- driven machines. The shift to increased mechanization in cotton production is apparent in the import of raw cotton and the sale of cotton goods. Between 1760 and 1850, the amount of raw cotton imported increased 230 times. Production of British cotton goods increased sixtyfold, and cotton cloth became Great Britain"s most important product, accounting for one-half of all exports. The success of the steam engine resulted in increased demands for coal, and the consequent increase in coal production was made possible as the steam-powered pumps drained water from the ever-deeper coal seams found below the water table. 【3】The availability of steam power and the demands for new machines facilitated the transformation of the iron industry. Charcoal, made from wood and thus in limited supply, was replaced with coal-derived coke (substance left after coal is heated) as steam-driven bellows came into use for producing of raw iron. Impurities were burnt away with the use of coke, producing a high-quality refined iron. Reduced cost was also instrumental in developing steam-powered rolling mills capable of producing finished iron of various shapes and sizes. The resulting boom in the iron industry expanded the annual iron output by more than 170 times between 1740 and 1840, and by the 1850s Great Britain was producing more tons of iron than the rest of the world combined. The developments in the iron industry were in part a response to the demand for more machines and the ever-widening use of higher-quality iron in other industries. 【4】Steam power and iron combined to revolutionize transport, which in turn had further implications. Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible. Parallel rails had long been used in mining operations to move bigger loads, but horses were still the primary source of power. However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution. As transportation improved, distant and larger markets within the nation could be reached, thereby encouraging the development of larger factories to keep pace with increasing sales. Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity, or to seek alternative investment opportunities. Also, the availability of jobs in railway construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment. When the work was completed, many moved to other construction jobs or to factory work in cities and towns, where they became part of an expanding working class. 托福阅读试题 1.Why does the author provide the information that “Great Britain had large amounts of coal”(paragraph 1)? A.To reject the claim that Britain was facing an energy shortage in the eighteenth century. B.To explain why coal rather than other energy resources became the primary source of heat for homes and industries in eighteenth-century Britain. C.To indicate that Britain"s energy shortage was not the result of a lack of fuel. D.To explain why coal mining became an important industry in nineteenth-century. 2.What was “the problem of energy" that had to be solved to make the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century possible? A.Water and wind could not be used efficiently. B.There was no efficient way to power machinery. C.Steam engines required large amounts of coal, which was in short supply. D.Neither humans nor animals were strong enough to provide the power required for industrial application. 3.Which of the following is NOT mentionedin paragraph 2 as a development in cotton mills brought about by Watt"s steamengine? A.The importing of huge quantities of raw cotton by Britain. B.Increased mechanization. C.More possibilities for mill location. D.Smaller mills. 4.The phrase “apparent in” in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to A.clearly seen in. B.aided by. C.associated with. D.followed by. 5.According to paragraph 2, what was Britain"s most important export by 1850? A.Raw cotton. B.Cotton cloth. C.Steam-powered pumps. D.Coal. 6.The word “consequent”(paragraph 2)in the passage is closest in meaning to A.resulting. B.encouraging. C.well documented. D.immediate. 7.What is the role of paragraph 2 in the passage as a whole? A.It explains how by increasing the supply of raw materials from other countries, British industries were able to reduce costs and increase production. B.It explains how the production of mechanical energy and its benefits spread quickly across countries that were linked commercially with Great Britain. C.It demonstrates why developments in a single industry could not have caused the Industrial Revolution. D.It illustrates why historians have assigned great importance to the issue of energy in the rise of the Industrial Revolution. 8.According to paragraph 3, why was the use of coke important for the ironindustry? A.It helped make wood into charcoal. B.It reduced the dependency on steam-powered machines used for the production of iron. C.It replaced charcoal in the production of raw and refined iron. D.It powered the machines used to extract coal in coal mines. 9.According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of the ironindustry in Great Britain during the 1800s EXCEPT A.Steam-driven bellows were used to produce raw iron. B.By the 1850s Britain was the world"s largest producer of iron. C.Steam-powered mills made it possible to produce iron of different shapes and sizes. D.Greater demand for higher-quality iron increased its price. 10.The word “initiated”in the passage is closest in meaning to A.anticipated. B.accelerated. C.spread. D.started. 11.Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the transformation inrail transportation? A.Because railway construction employed mostly rural laborers, unemployment increased among urban workers. B.It resulted in more trade within the country, but less trade with markets that could be reached only by ocean shipping. C.It made shipping freight overland to distant markets less expensive. D.It resulted in higher wages for factory workers. 12.The phrase “accustomed to" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.in need of. B.used to. C.tired of. D.encouraged by. 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. The first steam-powered locomotives were slow but they rapidly improved in speed and carrying capacity. Steam power and iron combined to revolutionize transport, which in turnhad further implications. Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible. Parallel rails had long been used in mining operations to move bigger loads, but horses were still the primary source of power. ■【A】However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution. ■【B】As transportation improved, distant and larger markets within the nation could be reached, thereby encouraging the development of larger factories to keep pace with increasing sales. ■【C】Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity, or to seek alternative investment opportunities. ■【D】Also, the availability of jobs in railway construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment. When the work was completed,many moved to other construction jobs or to factory work in cities and towns, where they became part of an expanding working class. 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The coming of the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century Britaindepended on the development of the steam engine to power machinery. A.For years, historians disregarded the issue of energy as a major element in the rise of the Industrial Revolution and focused instead on technological developments and increased production. B.The introduction and growth of steam-powered rail transport was a major factor in Britain"s economic expansion during the Industrial Revolution. C.An expansion of the Industrial Revolution outside Great Britain occurred when British industries began to import raw cotton and high-quality iron. D.By 1850, the use of steam power in Britain"s mills, mines, and iron industry made Britain a world leader in the production of cotton cloth and iron. E.Since the basic infrastructure was in place, the Industrial Revolution fueled itself with enlarging markets requiring ever more expansion of factories and workforce. F.By the end of the 1800s, railway construction attracted so many laborers that factories could not find enough workers to keep up with increasing sales. 托福 阅读答案 1.目的题，读highlight所在句，说英国有煤，但没法变成能量来运行机器，选项C同时说了由煤木有能量，是正确答案。A错在不是reject，原文承认缺能量，A说反;B错在原文没讲other energy resources怎么样;D错在coal mining变成重要行业没讲。 2.以the problem of energy做关键词定位至第二句，但这句话没有内容，于是往后看，下一句讲依靠动植物和人作为能量的来源，看完这句话最大的可能是选D，但原文没说动植物和人的能源不够，所以D不对。排除法，A说风和水能没有有效利用，而原文第四句说越来越多的使用，所以A错;C跟上一题相反，错;B跟上一题相同，正确。 3.A的huge quantity of raw cotton定位至倒数第三句，说进口增加了230倍，正确，不选;B定位至第五句，说机械化越来越多，正确，不选;C的mill location定位至第四句，说mill不用在水边了，也就是C说的更多可能的位置，正确，不选;也同样在这句话里说大的mills，跟D说的相反，所以D错，选。 4.apparent in明显，所以正确答案是A的clearly seen in。词根是pare，意思是可见，想想透明transparent和appear。代入，原文讲转向不断增加的mechanization是什么样的通过进口raw cotton，紧接着后面就用数字讲进口cotton怎么怎么样，说明很显著。B帮忙和C相关明显不通。前后两句没有明显的先后关系，所以follow不通。 5.以most important export和1850做关键词定位至倒数第二句和倒数第三句，说raw cotton进口增加了230倍，cotton cloth变成了最重要的产品，占了出口的一半，所以正确答案是B的cotton cloth。注意A的raw cotton是进口的。 6.consequent结果的，所以正确答案是resulting。之前有讲蒸汽机的成功result in了煤炭需求的增加，和consequent煤炭生产的增加，需求增加当然导致生产增加，所以正确答案是A，C和D完全不对，A和B相比A更好。 7.问整段的，看首尾。首句讲1700年代瓦特发明了蒸汽机，随着越来越便宜，应用越来越广;尾句说steam engine的成功导致煤炭需求和生产的增加。MS没有正确答案，可采用排除法，首先没讲除英国之外的其他国家，所以A和B都不对，C说一个行业不能引起工业革命，原文也没讲。D正确的原因是煤炭的应用解决了能源问题，正确，不记得的话看看第一段的末尾。 8.以coke做关键词定位至第二句，讲在制铁的过程中，coke替代了charcoal，但没讲coke能干嘛，所以往下看，说impurity随着coke的使用被烧掉了，也就是除杂质，所以正确答案是C，B和D的machine没讲;A说把木头变成charcoal，原文也没说。 9.A的steam-driven bellows定位至第二句，正确，不选;B的1850s和Britain定位至第五句，说英国的产量等于其他国家产量之和，当然是最大生产国，所以B正确，不选;C的different shapes and sizes定位至第四句，正确，不选;D的price没讲，错，选。 10.initiated开始，所以正确答案是D。代入，说steam engine的到来怎么了铁路运输的彻底改变，能说得通的只有B和D。因为之前没有说到变化，所以不是加速，开始了一种全新的变化更好些。 11.以transformation in rail transportation做关键词定位至第四句和第五句，说随着transportation改善，能到达更远更大的国内市场，导致更大的销量和更大的工厂，所以正确答案是C。A的rural laborers，B的ocean shipping和D的wage原文都没有有说。 12.accustomed to习惯，所以正确答案是B，used to意思完全一样。不认识的同学看custom，风俗习惯，前面的ac前缀和后面的ed均没有实际意义。代入，说铁路建设提供的工作机会吸引了工人，这些工人是怎么样季节性迁徙的，C厌倦和D鼓励说不通。A需要和B习惯就要看词汇量了。 13.此题名词过渡不容易找，只能找到动词improve，所以正确答案非B即C。B之后有as transportation improved，也就是给出improve之后的结果，应该是先有improve后有结果，所以正确答案是B。 14.For years选项与首段第二句相反，错。The introduction选项对应最后一段，正确。An expansion选项中的outside Great Britain怎么样原文没讲，错。By 1850选项对应原文第二段和第三段，正确。Since the basic选项对应原文最后一段后半部分，正确。By the end选项中的工厂找不到工人跟上incr

　　在方舟生存进化中，玩家们可以利用染色功能制作染料涂色，各颜色染料怎么合成?很多玩家都不清楚，下面为大家献上国外玩家分享的方舟生存进化各颜色染料合成方法。 　　染料合成表 　　红色染料 : 1 filled water container(满水水袋), 2 charcoal(木炭), and 15 tintoberry(红果) 　　白色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 stimberry(白果) 　　黄色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Amarberry(黄果) 　　蓝色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Azulberry(蓝果) 　　黑色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal and 15 Narcoberry(黑果) 　　绿色染料 : 1 filled water container, 2 charcoal , 9 Azulberry(蓝果) and 9 Amarberry(黄果) 　　紫色染料 : 1 filled water container , 2 charcoal , 9 Azulberry(蓝果) and 9 tintoberry(红果) 　　橙色染料 : 1 filled water container , 2 charcoal , 9 Amarberry(黄果) and 9 tintoberry(红果)

activated charcoal是活性炭，charcoan可能是拼写错误。activated是有活性的，而charcoal是木炭，活性炭和木炭都是无定形碳。

正在使用发音The formula of black powder is composed of sulfur, saltpetre and charcoal. Chemically, the three components are potassium nitrate (saltpetre), carbon (charcoal) and sulfur (sulfur 火药按化学角度来讲，组成三部分，木炭 硝酸钾 硫磺 火药是四大发明之一Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions几乎所有人都固定了一种配比——15份硝石，3份木炭和2份硫磺，这个配比到现代也一直在用，可谓“黄金比例”Almost everyone has fixed a ratio of 15 parts of saltpetre, 3 parts of charcoal and 2 parts of sulfur, which has been used in modern times. It can be called the "golden ratio"火药用途与领域婚庆 节假 烟花爆竹 军工方面 子弹 炮弹 Gunpowder use and field wedding holiday fireworks firecrackers military bullets

活性炭:active carbon Relative explainations: <activated charcoal> <absorbent charcoal> <absorbite> <active charcoal> <activated char> <activated carbon> <anthrasorb> <acticarbon> http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/4306181.html

有蚩尤的九黎族

《花样男子》（日语：花より男子）是日本TBS电视台2005年10月21日至12月16日逢星期五22:00～22:54（日本时间）播出的电视连续剧，而续集于2007年1月5日至3月16日逢星期五金曜剧场时段播出。剧集改编自日本漫画家神尾叶子的日本漫画《花样男子》。而故事承接日本电视剧《花样男子2》的日本电影《花样男子：皇冠的秘密》（花より男子u301cファイナルu301c）则在2008年6月28日上映，有日本电视剧版“最终章”之称。日文名：《花より男子》　　英文名：Hana-yoriDango　　电视台：东京放送TBS　　原　著：神尾叶子　　脚本：藤本有纪　　导演：石井康晴、山室大辅、片山修　　制作：濑户口克阳　　播放时期：2005年10月21日–12月16日　　集数：共9集　　主演：　　牧野杉菜（16岁）：井上真央（童年由水黑遥日饰演）　　道明寺司（17岁）：松本润　　花泽类（17岁）：小栗旬　　西门总二郎（17岁）：松田翔太　　美作明（17岁）：阿部力　　三条樱子（2年级C班）：佐藤美惠　　松冈优纪（16岁）：西原亚希（童年由彩田真铃、井上里花饰演）　　西田：大卫伊东　　栗卷绫乃：酒井彩名　　道明寺椿：松岛菜菜子（特别出演）　　藤堂静（23岁）：佐田真由美　　松岗优纪（小优）：西原亚希　　牧野晴男：小林进　　牧野千惠子：石野真子　　牧野进：冨浦智嗣　　道明寺枫：加贺麻里子（加贺真理子）　　浅井百合子：濑户早妃

新世纪音乐介于古典乐和轻音乐之间，但新世纪更富于变幻，因为她并不是单指一个类别而是指一个范畴，她包括了几乎所有不同以往，象征着时代更替，诠释精神内涵之改良的音乐。因此，你会发现能被称为新世纪的音乐是如此丰富，一切自然界的声音都可能出现在音乐中，所有种类的乐器在此一视同仁，其中的人声更是丰富，从歌唱家到土著乐手，一切都是那么自然。 就一般而言，新世纪还是有其特点的： 其一，新世纪音乐很少有强烈的节奏（但Enigma的音乐却有很明显的节奏），这点同饶舌和摇滚形成了鲜明的对比，后两者几乎通篇就是各种打击乐，除了节奏还是节奏。对于新世纪而言，有了节奏就可能受限制。其二，新世纪的旋律感常常很少。这点不同于流行乐，流行乐需要优美易记的旋律，以便于让每个人都能唱。有时候听了好几遍某首新世纪乐曲，还是记不住她的旋律，这便是新世纪赋予大家极大想像空间的原因了。 其三，新世纪音乐总是避免使用刺耳与急促的声音，因为这会增加音乐的压力，从而破坏聆听者的感觉。 其四，新世纪音乐的基础是是合音与和谐音，她摒弃了爵士和摇滚的发声方式，因为这会带来不和谐与不悦耳的感觉。在80年代中期新世纪已经逐渐成熟，杂志开始设立新世纪榜单。1986年举办的第29届葛莱美奖的奖项中，也增设了[年度最佳新世纪唱片]的奖项，第一个获得这个奖项的是演奏竖琴的奥地利籍音乐家：佛伦怀德。这算是New Age首度明确地成为音乐类别之一的标志。

找百度翻译谢谢

问题一：个子矮是什么原因？ 有点遗传的原因吧 有的是遗传因素和运动量不足,应多补充营养 还有的了可能是缺钙吧,再就是在发育期注意锻炼身体 如果这些没有的话所以就长不高了 据观察，矮身材父母所生子女的身高超过父母者的比例比较大，高身材父母所生子女的身高超过父母者的比例相对较小。 在现实生活中，常常看到一些身材矮小的父母，其子女却不矮。一些身材高大 的父母，其子女却不高的情况。这是因为子女身高除受父母遗传影响外，还受到祖辈，甚至曾祖辈和种种后天因素的影响。 有学者研究发现，北半球儿童每年1～6月份增高的速度比7～12月份快3倍；南半球儿童长个子的最快月份是当年11月份至次年3月份。世界卫生组织的有关专家调查发现一年中儿童长个子的最快季节是5月份，一个月中能平均长高7。3毫米。所以国外有专家把5月份称为神秘的5月。家长应把握住孩子长高的最佳时期，增加营养，增加孩子的户外活动，以促进孩子的生长发育。 慢性营养不良为何引起身材矮小? 儿童的健康成长必须有充足的营养作保证。这些营养包括充足的热量、足够的蛋白质`一定量的脂肪和糖，各种矿物质，多种维生素及微量元素等。造成儿童慢性营养不良的原因一般为两个方面:一是营养的摄入不足，二是某些疾病引起慢性消化障碍，吸收不好。 营养的摄入不足:由于食物质和量的供应不足，特别是蛋白质供应缺乏，可导致小儿生长发育障碍，尤其对脑发育影响很大，可造成身材矮小。 某些疾病引起慢性消化障碍?如吸收不良综合症、囊性胰腺纤维性变。其次，由于口腔及胃肠道器质性病变引起的喂养困难，也是慢性营养不良的原因之一。另外，一些寄生虫病，如钩虫病、蛔虫病、血吸虫病等，也可造成慢性营养不良，导致患儿的身材矮小 营养过剩为什么会影响身高? 前面一个问题介绍了慢性营养不良会引起身材矮小，但营养过剩也同样会妨碍儿童的生长发育，影响身高的增长。 有些家长出于对独生子女的过分溺爱，在饮食安排方面，不仅让孩子喜欢吃什么就吃什么。而且常常鼓励孩子多吃蛋白质含量高的动物性食物，蔬菜、米面却吃得很少，至于玉米、甘薯、高粱等粗粮更是难得入口。久而久之，孩子不仅出现食欲减退、腹胀、嗳气、便秘等症状，而且面黄肌瘦，个子长得缓慢。就诊时，医生常诊断为蛋白质摄入过剩导致的营养障碍。为什么吃得太好，荤菜吃得多，反而会个头长得慢呢?这是因为人体内的营养物质是以动态平衡的方式存在的，即蛋白质等六大营养素的摄入量和消耗量成对应关系。以蛋白质为例，人体每天从食物中摄取一定量的蛋白质，在肠道被分解、吸收、利用，通过血液循环输送到全身各组织器官，来补偿组织生长、更新和修复所消耗的蛋白质。如果孩子蛋白质摄入量长期过多，超出了孩子生长发育的需要，过量的蛋白质不仅不会被人体利用，而且在分解的过程中，会生成过多含氮的最终产物，有害于孩子身体。其中，分解过程产生的氨要在肝脏中转变为尿素，再由肾脏排出体外，势必增加肝、肾及消化道的负担。时间一长，便会导致消化不良和营养障碍。同时，蛋白质等营养素在消化吸收时要消耗一定的热量，比糖、脂肪消化吸收时需要消耗的热量多。所以，蛋白质摄人过多，必然增加身体额外的热量消耗，从而影响生长发育，影响孩子增高。 孩子的营养应合理、适量，要警惕营养过剩。有学者认为，我国儿童饮食搭配中，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物应比例合理，按重量计算，比例为1:1.2:2.4。在防止营养不良的同时，又要警惕营养过剩，做到食物多样化，饥饱适当、油脂适量、粗细搭配、限制食盐、少吃甜食、三餐合理、以促进孩子的个头长到理想的高度。...>> 问题二：为什么我个子这么矮呢？ →还可以吧，不会矮吖。 我也是90后的，其实现在的人矮的不少，高的也多。。但激你一样的也多的是了。大把男生成年了才刚刚一米六呢。。而且现在女生也普遍矮过167啦，找女友的事你也不必担心的！！况且你还能长，男生长到19岁差不多吧。。 自信一点，知道不？？最重要的是对自己有自信。。有的人200斤的体重还在一边烦恼呢，你这点算什么呢~~ 加油！！！ 问题三：个子矮为什么灵活 各自矮小 相对四肢 和关节长度也更短，同样一个幅度的动作，能够较快完成 。而且个子矮小的相对小巧，质量较轻，从物理学分析。一般情况下，矮小的更加灵活 问题四：南方人为什么比北方人个子矮？ 1、养分利用率差异。北方较南方温度低，北方人呼吸作用较南方人低，所以营养消耗较少，养分利用率高，这是最重要的原因。 2、运动量不同。北方人多喜欢剧烈运动，如BK、FB等，南方人多喜欢PP、YMQ等。剧烈运动较一般运动更能促进骨骼发育。简单点说，北方人床上持续时间都要比南方人多些 3、饮食习惯影响。北方人多吃面粉，淀粉含量高，再加上大口吃牛、羊肉，体格强壮，免疫能力强，能很好促进骨骼发育。 4、地理位置影响。北方纬度较南方高，紫外线辐射较大。紫外线能诱发骨骼分裂，促进骨骼发育。 问题五：为什么矮子比身高高的人聪明 按照统计规律来讲是这样的，这个符合生物进化理论， 生物通过自身进化来适应环境的， 矮子一般受到歧视， 自卑心理很重， 所以就比较多用心思，是同通过软实力来弥补硬缺陷， 从生物学的角度来看， 矮子有可能有生物变异因素， 使得人的潜能得以发挥， 不变异的， 就不可能有突出表现， 变异的可能变得更好， 也可能变得更差， 变得差的是多数， 但是没有引起人群的注意， 极个别的变好， 则众目睽睽。矮子大脑供血比高个子更好一点， 这一点点会对矮子的大脑发育提供好条件。高个子当权时更喜欢用矮个子，以彰显自己高大， 使矮子有更多的机会， 矮子当权后， 一般都排斥高个子，以避免显得自己更矮，高个子完全没有机会..................... 问题六：长的个子矮是怎么回事啊？ 和遗传有关系,但也不完全. 身高是对人体纵向各部分的长度与比例而言，原于人体的纵向生长，受遗传因素的影响较大。男性在20～24岁、女性在19～23岁，四肢长骨和脊椎骨均已完成骨化，身高就停止增长了。 影响身高的因素很多，如遗传、营养、体育运动、环境、生活习惯、种族、内分泌、性成熟早晚（初潮年龄18岁比11岁者平均高出5厘米）、远近亲婚配、医学进步等等。 食物： 含钙的丰富的有：芝麻、黄花菜、荠菜、海带、田螺、虾皮等。 骨类汤有助于钙的吸收。 少吃糖、巧克力、甜蛋糕，这些阻钙代谢。 同时其他的微量元素也必不可少，要全面发展。 一顿饭不吃死不了人，吸收营养才是关键。在饥饿时，身体对营养的吸收效率非常高。 1、遗传 生长发育受先天的遗传和后天的营养、体育锻炼及各种生活条件因素共同影响。但在诸多影响身高的因素中，遗传是比较重要的。人体从一个单细胞的受精卵发育成一个复杂的多细胞个体，从一个幼小的胎儿发育成一个体格健壮的个体，均受遗传基因的控制。体长的遗传力高达0.75～0.92，尤其对女儿的影响更大，遗传力高达0.85～0.92。即是说，男身高有75％～92\%、女有85\%～92％，受到遗传变异的影响。男最高只有25％、女最高仅有15％取决于后天其它因素。证明遗传对子女身高起极为重要的作用。相对而言，体重受遗传基因的影响较小，男63％、女42％受遗传影响。男有37％、女有58％取决于后天环境因素。可见后天环境对体重的影响较大。 2、营养 营养是人类赖以生存，即维持正常生命、发展身体、从事活动等必不可少的物质基础，特别是人体两次生长发育的高峰期内，保证供给质优量足的营养，并使维生素和矿物质（钙、磷、锌等）平衡是非常重要的。我国城市儿童青少年比农村同龄人平均高出2～4厘米，原因之一是城市营养好于农村。仅以蛋白质为例，身高的营养特别是由蛋白质“堆起来的”。已知在人体或自然界的氨基酸约有20种，组成蛋白质的氨基酸，要靠营养来提供。食物能提供足够的8种必要的氨基酸，这就有利于加速蛋白质的合成，从而促使人体各组织器官的生长发育，特别是骨骼和骺软骨的生长发育。以赖氨酸为例，日本将六对孪生婴儿分成两组实验，第一组供给正常营养，第二组在正常营养中再加赖氨酸，实验13200小时后检查发现，第二组婴儿比第一组高1.7厘米，体重多1千克。对学龄儿童实验证明，每餐面包中加0.5克赖氨酸的实验组的身高和体重均显著超过其他学龄儿童。有的国家还在儿童青少年午餐面包中加25克黄豆粉和适量的钙、铁、维生素，半年后这些儿童青少年比吃普通饮食的儿童青少年重2.62千克，高0.9厘米，血色素高3.4克。原因是蛋白质不仅是人体的“建筑材料”，而且是参与人体重要生理活动的酶、激素、血红蛋白、肌纤凝蛋白以及构成人体支架的胶原蛋白的重要物质。同样，母体的营养状况也在一定程度上制约着胎儿的正常发育，如果饮食中缺乏某种营养素，将会引起胎儿的畸形。 营养不良既会影响生长发育，又会影响大脑细胞的数量和质量；相反，营养过剩，会导致肥胖症，同样有损于儿童青少年的身心健康。 3、体育运动 在诸多影响身高的后天因素中，最积极而又有效的因素莫过于体育运动。影响儿童青少年体格发育的是肌肉衰弱。多运动是儿童和少年长高的生理需要。因而体育运动是儿童青少年健康成长的一个重要推动力。国内外大量调查资料都证明，坚持运动的儿童青少年与不运动或缺少运动的同龄儿童青少年相比，胸围、肺活量、握力分别增加5～8厘米，500～1500毫升、4.6～5.7千克，坚持锻炼有助于儿童青少年的生长发......>> 问题七：为什么个子矮的人都非常聪明 个子矮，心脏的负荷小，大脑供血要充足一些，所以一般个子矮的人相对比较聪明，而且寿命也相对长一点。 问题八：为什么日本人个子矮 人种关系。例如日本人最重要的祖先之一阿伊努人就很矮 阿伊努人是日本列岛上的土著人种，其别名又称“虾夷”（AimiXi，Aizou）。其人种体型与北美印地安人接近。高颧，深目，多毛，身矮，大脚，大头，具有鲜明的体征。他们一度占据过大部分日本列岛。一直到8世纪，仍然控制着本州岛的三分之一地区。 深知日本的前美国驻日大使（1961－1966）赖肖尔，在他的名著《日本人》中曾经指出：阿伊努人后来“逐渐地被日本民族的主体所征服和同化，迄今，只有在北海道岛屿尚存在约二万人。但是至今他们也还保持着自己的文化特征”。他还指出：Ainu人在体型上具有一些与其他族类不同的特殊特征：身材矮小（其现代男性已混血，但平均身高仍仅1．60米）。更有特点的是，他们“脸上与身上明显地毛发较重”，“他们代表一种现代民族尚未形成之前的早期土著（日本）人”。（节录赖肖尔《日本人》） 问题九：为什么个子矮的女生多半都很漂亮？ 楼下的都是水货，根本的原因是因为个子高的女生大多是飞机场平胸。 补充一句话：女生个高多是飞机场，男生个高必定鸡鸡软。凡事总有好坏分，蠢蛋只能看到好处面。 问题十：身高矮，为什么会不自信，怎么办？ 自卑心理！没必要做好自己！有本事了大家反倒会佩服你！

Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Yancha na yaki-dango yasashii an-dango やんちゃな焼きだんご やさしいあんだんご 顽皮的烧烤团子 温柔的豆沙团子 Sukoshi yumemigachi na tsukimi-dango すこし梦见がちな 月见だんご 经常做着美梦的 在赏月的团子 Osumashi goma-dango yotsugo kushi dango おすましごまだんご 四つ子串だんご 一本正经的芝麻团子 四个一串 Minna minna awasete hyakunin kazoku みんなみんなあわせて 100人家族 大家 大家 合在一起 就是百人大家族 Aka-chan dango wa itsumo shiawase no naka de 赤ちゃんだんごはいつも幸せの中で 团子小宝宝 总是生活在幸福中 Toshiyori dango wa me o hosometeru 年寄りだんごは目を细めてる 团子老爷爷 慈祥地眯着眼睛 Nakayoshi dango te o tsunagi ooki na marui wa ni naru yo なかよしだんご 手をつなぎ 大きなまるい轮になるよ 相亲相爱的团子 手牵手围成一个大大的圆圈 Machi o tsukuri dango hoshi no ue minna de waraiau yo 町をつくり だんご星の上 みんなで笑いあうよ 在团子星球上建起家园 大家相视 会心微笑 Usagi mo sora de te o futte miteru dekkai o-tsuki-sama うさぎもそらで手をふってみてる でっかいおつきさま 天上圆圆的月亮里 小兔子在朝着我们挥手 Ureshii koto kanashii koto mo zenbu marumete うれしいこと 悲しいことも 全部まるめて 一切开心的 伤心的事情 全部包起来 Nakayoshi dango te o tsunagi ooki na marui wa ni naru yo なかよしだんご 手をつなぎ 大きなまるい轮になるよ 相亲相爱的团子 手牵手围成一个大大的圆圈 Machi o tsukuri dango hoshi no ue minna de waraiau yo 町をつくり だんご星の上 みんなで笑いあうよ 在团子星球上建起家园 大家相视 会心微笑 Usagi mo sora de te o futte miteru dekkai o-tsuki-sama うさぎもそらで手をふってみてる でっかいおつきさま 天上圆圆的月亮里 小兔子在朝着我们挥手 Ureshii koto kanashii koto mo zenbu marumete うれしいこと 悲しいことも 全部まるめて 一切开心的 伤心的事情 全部包起来 Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子一家人 Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族

Why did all of the remaining dinosaurs die out suddenly at the end of the Cretaceous period? There is a short answer and a long answer to this question.2 Here is the short answer. No one knows for sure.3 Here is the long answer. There are a number of theories. Some are scientific, and some are ridiculous. Most scientists believe in one or two main ones, but no one knows for sure.4 The reason no one knows for sure is because the whole thing happened about 65 million years ago. No one was around to see or hear what was going on back then, and no one was around to keep records.5 What we do know comes mainly from fossil records. Scientists study the fossils themselves, and they study the rock in which the fossils are found. Fossil records haven"t given us definite proof for any one theory. This is because there are some problems with fossil records. For one thing, most fossil evidence of dinosaurs has been found in North America. We don"t know as much about dinosaur activity on other parts of the earth. Another problem is that it is very hard to date fossils. Dating fossils means determining how old they are.6 One really interesting thing about the big dinosaur question is that scientists from many different fields are working to solve the problem. Astronomers, physicists, geologists, paleontologists, ecologists, chemists, geologists and others are all gathering evidence, experimenting, and researching to try to solve the puzzle.7 The most popular theory is called the Alvarez Hypothesis. This hypothesis says that, 65 million years ago, a big asteroid hit the earth. This asteroid crash scattered dust high up into the atmosphere. It blocked much of the sunlight and caused the earth to become cooler. The crash also started huge fires, high winds, and violent storms that killed some of the dinosaurs. The lack of sunlight and warmth caused many plants to die. This shortage of plants for food caused the rest of the dinosaurs to die out.8 The second most popular theory says that activity on the earth itself caused the extinction. As the supercontinent of Pangaea was breaking up, movement of the earth"s giant land plates caused volcanoes to erupt and the climate to change. These changes affected the earth"s atmosphere and temperature, and the dinosaurs died out from the cold or from lack of plants to eat.9 Other theories suggest that dinosaurs became so big that they couldn"t move, or that there were too many dinosaurs and they ate up all of the food.

阳阴阳中阳中阳中中阳阳阴 最后一个是不是打错了

Dango dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Yancha na yaki-dango yasashii an-dango やんちゃな焼きだんご やさしいあんだんご 顽皮的烧烤团子 温柔的豆沙团子 Sukoshi yumemigachi na tsukimi-dango すこし梦见がちな 月见だんご 经常做着美梦的 在赏月的团子 Osumashi goma-dango yotsugo kushi dango おすましごまだんご 四つ子串だんご 一本正经的芝麻团子 四个一串 Minna minna awasete hyakunin kazoku みんなみんなあわせて 100人家族 大家 大家 合在一起 就是百人大家族 Aka-chan dango wa itsumo shiawase no naka de 赤ちゃんだんごはいつも幸せの中で 团子小宝宝 总是生活在幸福中 Toshiyori dango wa me o hosometeru 年寄りだんごは目を细めてる 团子老爷爷 慈祥地眯着眼睛 Nakayoshi dango te o tsunagi ooki na marui wa ni naru yo なかよしだんご 手をつなぎ 大きなまるい轮になるよ 相亲相爱的团子 手牵手围成一个大大的圆圈 Machi o tsukuri dango hoshi no ue minna de waraiau yo 町をつくり だんご星の上 みんなで笑いあうよ 在团子星球上建起家园 大家相视 会心微笑 Usagi mo sora de te o futte miteru dekkai o-tsuki-sama うさぎもそらで手をふってみてる でっかいおつきさま 天上圆圆的月亮里 小兔子在朝着我们挥手 Ureshii koto kanashii koto mo zenbu marumete うれしいこと 悲しいことも 全部まるめて 一切开心的 伤心的事情 全部包起来 （co）Nakayoshi dango te o tsunagi ooki na marui wa ni naru yo なかよしだんご 手をつなぎ 大きなまるい轮になるよ 相亲相爱的团子 手牵手围成一个大大的圆圈 Machi o tsukuri dango hoshi no ue minna de waraiau yo 町をつくり だんご星の上 みんなで笑いあうよ 在团子星球上建起家园 大家相视 会心微笑 Usagi mo sora de te o futte miteru dekkai o-tsuki-sama うさぎもそらで手をふってみてる でっかいおつきさま 天上圆圆的月亮里 小兔子在朝着我们挥手 Ureshii koto kanashii koto mo zenbu marumete うれしいこと 悲しいことも 全部まるめて 一切开心的 伤心的事情 全部包起来 lalala.... lalala... lalala.... lalala... （vo）Dango dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Dango dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 Dango dango dango dango dango daikazoku だんご だんご だんご だんご だんご 大家族 团子 团子 团子 团子 团子大家族 等等等 等到今年过年就32岁，男朋友连影子都没 我个性内向 想透过未婚联谊认识对象 我是朋友推荐 来到桃园红娘李姐 对女生颇为照顾的 很快就让认识不错异性.

1.Dinosaurs had long back legs and strong tails to help them to swim.They_went_______out of water to find food.2.Fossils show us the size and shape of dinosayrs.People found fossils of eggs_of_______baby dinosaurs inside.

Dinosaur-----------Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. At the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, dinosaurs suffered a catastrophic extinction, which ended their dominance on land. Modern birds are considered to be the direct descendants of theropod dinosaurs.Since the first dinosaur was recognized in the 19th century, their mounted, fossilized skeletons have become major attractions at museums around the world. Dinosaurs have become a part of world culture and remain consistently popular, especially among children. They have been featured in best-selling books and blockbuster films such as Jurassic Park, and new discoveries are regularly covered by the media.The term dinosaur is also used informally to describe any prehistoric reptile, such as the pelycosaur Dimetrodon, the winged pterosaurs, and the aquatic ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs, though none of these are actually dinosaurs.Definition----------The superorder or clade "Dinosauria" was formally named by the English scientist Richard Owen in 1842. The term is a portmanteau derived from the Greek words deinos ("terrible" or "fearfully great" or "formidable") and sauros ("lizard" or "reptile"). Owen chose it to express his awe at the size and majesty of the extinct animals, not out of fear or trepidation at their size and often-formidable arsenal of teeth and claws.Dinosaurs were extremely varied. Some were herbivorous, others carnivorous. Some dinosaurs were bipeds, some were quadrupeds, and others (such as the dinosaur Ammosaurus) could walk easily on two or four legs.Under phylogenetic taxonomy, dinosaurs are defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Triceratops and modern birds. Ornithischia is defined as all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Triceratops than with Saurischia. Saurischia is defined as all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with birds than with Ornithischia. It has also been suggested that Dinosauria be defined as all the descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Megalosaurus and Iguanodon.There is an almost universal consensus among paleontologists that birds are the descendants of theropod dinosaurs. Using the strict cladistical definition that all descendants of a single common ancestor are related, modern birds are dinosaurs and dinosaurs are, therefore, not extinct. Modern birds are classified by most paleontologists as belonging to the subgroup Maniraptora, which are coelurosaurs, which are theropods, which are saurischians, which are dinosaurs.However, referring to birds as "avian dinosaurs" and to all other dinosaurs as "non-avian dinosaurs" is clumsy. Birds are still birds, at least in popular usage and among ornithologists. It is also technically correct to refer to birds as a distinct group under the older Linnaean classification system, which accepts paraphyletic taxa that exclude some descendants of a single common ancestor. Paleontologists mostly use cladistics, which classifies birds as dinosaurs, to construct their taxonomies, but many other scientists do not.For clarity, this article will use "dinosaur" as a synonym for "non-avian dinosaur", and "bird" as a synonym for "avian dinosaur" (meaning any animal that evolved from the common ancestor of Archaeopteryx and modern birds). It should be noted that this article"s definition of "bird" differs from the definition common in everyday language; to most non-scientists, a "bird" is simply a two-legged animal with wings and feathers.Size-----Only a tiny percentage of animals ever fossilize, and most of these remain buried in the earth. As a result, scientists will probably never be certain of the smallest and largest dinosaurs. Few of the specimens that are recovered are complete skeletons, and impressions of skin and other soft tissues are rare. Rebuilding a complete skeleton by comparing the size and morphology of bones to those of similar, better-known species is an inexact art, and reconstructing the muscles and other organs of the living animal is, at best, a process of educated guesswork.Largest and smallest dinosaursA statue of Diplodocus carnegiei, outside the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Size of a human compared to a Tyrannosaurus rex.While the evidence is incomplete, it is clear that, as a group, dinosaurs were large. By dinosaur standards the sauropods were gigantic. For much of the dinosaur era, the smallest sauropods were larger than anything else in their habitat, and the largest were an order of magnitude more massive than anything else that has since walked the Earth.The tallest and heaviest dinosaur known from a complete skeleton is the Brachiosaurus, which was discovered in Tanzania between 1907–12. It is now mounted and on display at the Humboldt Museum of Berlin and is 12 m (38 ft) tall and probably weighed between 30,000–60,000 kg (33–66 short tons). The longest complete dinosaur is the 27 m (89 ft) long Diplodocus, which was discovered in Wyoming in the United States and displayed in Pittsburgh"s Carnegie Natural History Museum in 1907.There were larger dinosaurs, but knowledge of them is based entirely on a small number of incomplete fossil samples. The largest specimens on record were all discovered in the 1970s or later, and include the massive Argentinosaurus, which may have weighed 80,000–100,000 kg (88–121 tons); the longest, the 40 m (130 ft) long Supersaurus; and the tallest, the 18 m (60 ft) Sauroposeidon, which could have reached a sixth-floor window.Dinosaurs were the largest of all terrestrial animals. The largest elephant on record weighed 12,000 kg (13.2 tons), while the tallest giraffe was 6 m (20 ft) tall. Even giant prehistoric mammals such as the Indricotherium and the Columbian mammoth were dwarfed by the giant sauropods. Only a handful of modern aquatic animals approach them in size, most notably the blue whale (which reaches up to 190,000 kg (209 tons) and 33.5 m (110 ft) in length).Not including modern birds like the bee hummingbird, the smallest dinosaurs known were about the size of a crow or a chicken. The Microraptor, Parvicursor, and Saltopus were all under 60 cm (2 ft) in length.Average sizeThe meaning of "dinosaur average size" is debatable. However it is defined, current evidence suggests different values for average size in the Triassic, early Jurassic, late Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.[1] According to Bill Erickson, "Estimates of median dinosaur mass range from 500 kg to 5 metric tons [...] Eighty percent of the biomass from the Late Jurassic Morrison formation of the western United States consisted of stegosaurs and sauropods; the latter averaged 20 tons. [...] The typically large size of the dinosaurs, and the comparatively small size of modern mammals, has been quantified by Nicholas Hotton. Based on 63 dinosaur genera, Hotton"s data yield an average generic mass in excess of 850 kg (about the size of an average grizzly bear) and a median generic mass of nearly 2 tons (which is comparable to a giraffe). This contrasts sharply with extant mammals (788 genera) whose average generic mass is 863 grams (a large rodent) and a median mass of 631 grams (a smaller rodent). The smallest dinosaur was bigger than two-thirds of all current mammals; the majority of dinosaurs were bigger than all but 2% of living mammals." Behavior--------Interpretations of dinosaur behavior are generally based on the pose of body fossils and their habitat, computer simulations of their biomechanics, and comparisons with modern animals in similar ecological niches. As such, the current understanding of dinosaur behavior relies on speculation, and will likely remain controversial for the foreseeable future. However, there is general agreement that some behaviors which are common in crocodiles and birds, dinosaurs" closest living relatives, were also common among dinosaurs.The first direct evidence of herding behavior was the 1878 discovery of 31 Iguanodon dinosaurs which perished together in Bernissart, Belgium, after they fell into a deep, flooded ravine and drowned. Similar mass deaths and trackways suggest that herd or pack behavior was common in many dinosaur species. Trackways of hundreds or even thousands of herbivores indicate that duck-bills (hadrosaurids) may have moved in great herds, like the American Bison or the African Springbok. Sauropod tracks document that these animals traveled in groups composed of several different species, at least in Oxford, England,[3] and others kept their young in the middle of the herd for defense according to trackways at Davenport Ranch, Texas. Dinosaurs may have congregated in herds for defense, for migratory purposes, or to provide protection for their young.A nesting ground of Maiasaura was discovered in 1978.Jack Horner"s 1978 discovery of a Maiasaura ("good mother dinosaur") nesting ground in Montana demonstrated that parental care continued long after birth among the ornithopods.[4][5] There is also evidence that other Cretaceous-era dinosaurs, like the Patagonian sauropod Saltasaurus (1997 discovery), had similar nesting behaviors, and that the animals congregated in huge nesting colonies like those of penguins. The Mongolian maniraptoran Oviraptor was discovered in a chicken-like brooding position in 1993, which may mean it was covered with an insulating layer of feathers that kept the eggs warm.[6] Trackways have also confirmed parental behavior among sauropods and ornithopods from the Isle of Skye in the United Kingdom.[7] Nests and eggs have been found for most major groups of dinosaurs, and it appears likely that dinosaurs communicated with their young, in a manner similar to modern birds and crocodiles.The crests and frills of some dinosaurs, like the marginocephalians, theropods and lambeosaurines, may have been too fragile to be used for active defense, so they were likely used for sexual or aggressive displays, though little is known about dinosaur mating and territorialism. The nature of dinosaur communication also remains enigmatic, and is an active area of research. For example, recent evidence suggests that the hollow crests of the lambeosaurines may have functioned as resonance chambers used for a wide range of vocalizations.From a behavioral standpoint, one of the most valuable dinosaur fossils was discovered in the Gobi Desert in 1971. It included a Velociraptor attacking a Protoceratops,[8] proving that dinosaurs did indeed attack and eat each other. While cannibalistic behavior among theropods is no surprise,[9] this too was confirmed by tooth marks from Madagascar in 2003.[10]There seem to have been no burrowing and few climbing dinosaur species. This is somewhat surprising when compared to the later mammalian radiation in the Cenozoic, which included many species of these types. As to how the animals moved, biomechanics has provided significant insight. For example, studies of the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on dinosaurs" skeletal structure have demonstrated how fast dinosaurs could run,[11][12] whether diplodocids could create sonic booms via whip-like tail snapping,[13] whether giant theropods had to slow down when rushing for food to avoid fatal injuries,[14] and if sauropods could float.[15][edit]Study of dinosaursKnowledge about dinosaurs is derived from a variety of fossil and non-fossil records, including fossilized bones, feces, trackways, gastroliths, feathers, impressions of skin, internal organs and soft tissues.[16][17] Many fields of study contribute to our understanding of dinosaurs, including physics, chemistry, biology, and the earth sciences (of which paleontology is a sub-discipline).Dinosaur remains have been found on every continent on Earth, including Antarctica. Numerous fossils of the same dinosaur species have been found on completely different continents, corroborating the generally-accepted theory that all land masses were at one time connected in a super-continent called Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart during the Triassic period roughly 230 million years ago.[18]The current "dinosaur renaissance"--------------------------------------The field of dinosaur research has enjoyed a surge in activity that began in the 1970s and is ongoing. This was triggered, in part, by John Ostrom"s discovery of Deinonychus, an active, vicious predator that may have been warm-blooded (homeothermic), in marked contrast to the prevailing image of dinosaurs as sluggish and cold-blooded. Vertebrate paleontology, arguably the primary scientific discipline involved in dinosaur research, has become a global science. Major new dinosaur discoveries have been made by paleontologists working in previously unexploited regions, including India, South America, Madagascar, Antarctica, and most significantly in China (the amazingly well-preserved feathered dinosaurs in China have further solidified the link between dinosaurs and their living descendants, modern birds). The widespread application of cladistics, which rigorously analyzes the relationships between biological organisms, has also proved tremendously useful in classifying dinosaurs. Cladistic analysis, among other modern techniques, helps to compensate for an often incomplete and fragmentary fossil record.Classification----------------Main article: Dinosaur classificationDinosaurs (including birds) are archosaurs, like modern crocodilians. Archosaurs" diapsid skulls have two holes located where the jaw muscles attach, called

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no

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SweetmemoriesSunday,Igotnothingtodo,heopenedthedrawer,sawaphotoalbum,thereareIdidalotofphotos,oneIremember.RememberthetimewhenIwassixyearsold,momandDadtookmetothetalltowerplay.Tower336meters,looksverygrand.Aroundthehugecrowdsofpeople,somearetakingphotos,othersareplaying,andwatchingthedinosaurfossils.MyfathertoldmethattheConfuciusschool,andparadise.Igladtogetridofhermother"shandandranin,Init,I"llbuildblocks,whilelookfossilsfossils,onlythetruetolifelikeness,Iletmymotherandfathertometotakeaphotograph,thesongweagreed,saying"cheese",mymotherputoursmileforeverstay,thisisreallyawonderfulmemories!美好的回忆星期天，我闲得没事干，就翻开抽屉，看见一本相册，里面有我小时候的很多相片，其中一张让我记忆犹新。记得那时在我六岁的时候，爸爸妈妈带我去高大的龙塔玩。龙塔有336米，看起来非常雄伟。周围人山人海，有的在拍照，有的在玩耍，还有的在观看恐龙化石。爸爸告诉我这里面有孔子学堂，还有乐园。我高兴的挣脱妈妈的手一蹦一跳地跑了进去，在里面，我一会儿搭积木，一会看化石，只见那些化石栩栩如生，我就让妈妈给我和爸爸拍一张照，我们异曲同声地说了一声“茄子”，妈妈就把我们的笑容永远地留了下来，这真是一个美好的回忆啊！

Changzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu province of the People"s Republic of China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling, Jinling, and Wujin. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the northwest, Wuxi to the east, and the province of Zhejiang to the south. The city is situated in the affluent Yangtze Delta region of China.Changzhou is the home of the China Dinosaur Park (simplified Chinese: 常州恐龙园) located in the Xinbei District of the city. The 5A rated Dinosaur Park has a collection of dinosaur bones and fossils from all over China. The park has 50 various fossils and more than 30 amusement programs including the Brontosaurus Roller Coaster and the Whirling Dinosaur Carriage. The fossils are located in a museum housed in a single building and the amusement rides are spread throughout the park which is categorized into six themed areas. Besides fossils and family oriented rides, Dinosaur Park is home to a giant panda and sea lions.In 2011, a new amusement park called CC Joyland (simplified Chinese: 环球动漫嬉戏谷) opened in Taihuwan near Taihu lake in Wujin District in the south of Changzhou.The city is also home to the Tianning Temple— one of the largest Zen Buddhist temple and monasteries in China. The city recently rebuilt the Tianning pagoda in the temple grounds, which is adjacent to Hongmei Park. The pagoda, called the Tianning Baota, was first built during the Tang Dynasty (AD 618 907). Since that time it has been destroyed and rebuilt five times. The current reconstruction is built to the height specification of 153.79 metres (504.6 ft). This makes it the tallest pagoda in China and perhaps also the world. Both the Hongmei Park and Tianning Temple are located just to the east of the city centre.As Changzhou is noted for its combs, the city has reconstructed its Fine Comb Lane area with contemporary architecture. Changzhou combs can be purchased in most places in the city.There is the Hong Mei Park, which includes a small children"s amusement park, a zoo, a rose garden and many scenic waterways. Of historical interest in the park is a historical pavilion with exhibits related to the Changzhou comb industry. In addition, there is another pavilion which displays locally produced root carvings. The park attracts large numbers of people during holidays and is often dotted with a variety of vendors.Other sites include Changzhou"s sunken city and area of archaeological ruins from the Spring and Autumn Period.Changzhou also has attractive gardens such as the Wei Yuan.

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