- 黑桃云
-
可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”; 名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1. 有规则变化复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”,现将构成规则列表如下:
1 一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
(注:但stomach-stomachs例外)
3 以-f或-fe结尾的 变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs,serf-serfs,safe(保险箱)→ safes
handkerchief(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos (火山)
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
2.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice ,child-children ,tooth → teeth 等
2 单复数相同
sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,species li,yuan,jin,Chinese,Japanese
3 只有复数形式
trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police,cattle
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
6 复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
7 表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8 合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,
将两部分变为复数,只有man,women
women singers,men servants