- 可可
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Christmas (Christmas), also known as Christmas, translation as the "Christ mass", western traditional festival, on December 25 every year.A mass is a kind of church service.Christmas is a religious festival, because it as the birthday of Jesus to celebrate, so the name "Christmas".Christmas is also a public holiday and many other areas in the western world, such as: Hong Kong, macau, Malaysia and Singapore in Asia.No record date of the birth of Jesus, the bible actually Christmas is make public.
圣诞节(christmas),又称圣诞节,翻译为“基督弥撒”,西方传统节日,每年的12月25日。弥撒是教堂的一种仪式。圣诞节是一个宗教节日,因为它是耶稣的生日来庆祝,所以得名“圣诞”。圣诞节也是一个公共假日和许多其他地区在西方世界,如:香港,澳门,马来西亚和新加坡在亚洲。没有记录的日期出生的Jesus,圣经实际上圣诞节是公开的。
- 南yi
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The name Christmas is short for “Christ‘s Mass“(基督弥撒 ). A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus.
Almost every one of us know that 25th,December is Jesus"s birthday. And here is a story about the birth of Jesus: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin"s name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph, her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quintus,which was governing Syria. So everyone went to be registered to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody know the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jollySanta Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the world. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the world.
圣诞节的由来英语是什么?
圣诞节的由来:origin of Christmas或者:how Christmas emerged2023-08-18 13:21:224
圣诞节的来历英文版,简短一点
每年的12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,称为圣诞节。2023-08-18 13:22:014
圣诞节由来的英文怎么写?
the origin of Christmas2023-08-18 13:23:013
圣诞节的由来英文版
The Origin of ChristmasBefore one gets carried away with Christmas worship, there are a few things you should know. Let"s take an honest and objective look at the origins of this holiday.We read in Werner Keller"s book The Bible as History the following admission:"December 25 is referred to in documents as Christmas Day in A.D. 324 for the first time. Under the Roman emperor Justinian [A.D. 527-565] it was recognized as an official holiday. An old Roman festival played a a major part in the choice of this particular day. December 25 in ancient Rome was the "Dies Natali Invictus," "the birthday of the unconquered," the day of the winter solstice and at the same time, in Rome, the last day of the Saturnalia, which had long since degenerated into a week of unbridled carnival..." (p. 331).Doesn"t it seem rather strange that the so-called "Christian church" should choose a day to celebrate the Messiah"s birth which was identified as the day of the birth of the unconquered sun, the day of the winter solstice, the "shortest day of the year," when the sunlit part of the days start becoming longer again? What does this have to do with the Messiah, anyway? Was Yeshua the Messiah born anywhere near December 25? Keller goes on:"Meteorologists as well as historians and astronomers have something of importance to contribute to this question of fixing the date of the birth of Jesus. According to St. Luke: "And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night" (Luke 2:8)."Meteorologists have made exact recordings of the temperature at Hebron. This spot in the southern highlands of Judah exhibits the same climatic conditions as Bethlehem, which is not far distant. The temperature readings show over a period of three months that the incidence of frost is as follows: December -- 2.8 degrees; January -- 1.6 degrees; February ---0.1 degrees. The first two months have also the greatest rainfall in the year: approximately 6 inches in December, and nearly 8 inches in January. According to all existing information the climate of Palestine has not changed appreciably in the last 2,000 years, consequently modern meteorological observations can be taken as a basis."At Christmas-time Bethlehem is in the grip of frost, and in the Promised Land no cattle would have been in the fields in that temperature. This fact is born out by a remark in the Talmud to the effect that in that neighborhood the flocks were put out to grass in March and brought in again at the beginning of November. They remained out in the open for almost eight months."Around Christmas-time nowadays both animals and shepherds are under cover in Palestine."What St. Luke tells us points therefore to the birth of Jesus having taken place BEFORE the onset of winter..." (p. 331-332).How interesting! How fascinating! As we explore the time for the birth of the Messiah, we find he was born nowhere near December 25, the very date the world has chosen to "celebrate" supposedly, his "birthday"! But there is much more to the story than this. Let"s go on.2023-08-18 13:23:224
圣诞节的由来英文版加翻译60
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christ"s birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament. The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans. The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christ"s name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol. “圣诞节”这个名称是“基督弥撒”的缩写。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞节是一个宗教节。我们把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,因而又名耶诞节。这一天,世界所有的基督教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物,寄圣诞卡,这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。 随着基督教的广泛传播,圣诞节已成为各教派基督徒,甚至广大非基督徒群众的一个重要节日。在欧美许多国家里,人们非常重视这个节日,把它和新年连在一起,而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年,成为一个全民的节日。 后人为纪念耶稣的诞生,便把十二月二十五日定为圣诞节,纪念耶稣的出世。但真实的诞生日就没有人知道了。十九世纪,圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现,圣诞节也开始流行起来了2023-08-18 13:23:503
圣诞节的由来的英语翻译
The Origin of Christmas Christmas Day-December 25-which celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian religion, is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States.圣诞节(Christmas)又称耶诞节、耶稣诞辰,译名为“基督弥撒”,是西方传统节日,起源于基督教,在每年12月25日。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。圣诞节是一个宗教节,因为把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,故名“耶诞节”。大部分的天主教教堂都会先在12月24日的平安夜,亦即12月25日凌晨举行子夜弥撒,而一些基督教会则会举行报佳音,然后在12月25日庆祝圣诞节;基督教的另一大分支——东正教的圣诞节庆则在每年的1月7日。2023-08-18 13:24:161
圣诞节由来英语怎么写呢?
您好,圣诞节由来英语翻译为:origin of Christmas。2023-08-18 13:24:302
圣诞节的由来或者起源(英文)
圣诞节的由来或者起源(英文):In order to commemorate the birth of Jesus, the following generations set December 25 as Christmas, and celebrated the birth of Jesus with annual mass.扩展资料:圣诞节(Christmas)又称耶诞节,译名为“基督弥撒”,它源自古罗马人迎接新年的农神节,与基督教本无关系。在基督教盛行罗马帝国后,教廷随波逐流地将这种民俗节日纳入基督教体系,同时以庆祝耶稣的降生。但在圣诞节这天不是耶稣的生辰,因为《圣经》未有记载耶稣具体生于哪天,同样没提到过有此种节日,是基督教吸收了古罗马神话的结果。参考资料来源:百度百科-圣诞节2023-08-18 13:25:161
圣诞节的由来英文版50字带翻译
Christmas(Christmas),alsoknownasChristmas,translationasthe"Christmass",westerntraditionalfestival,onDecember25everyyear.Amassisakindofchurchservice.Christmasisareligiousfestival,becauseitasthebirthdayofJesustocelebrate,sothename"Christmas". 圣诞节(Christmas)又称耶诞节,译名为“基督弥撒”,西方传统节日,在每年12月25日。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。圣诞节是一个宗教节,因为把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,故名“耶诞节”。2023-08-18 13:25:561
圣诞节的由来西方人是怎样庆祝的英文版
Christmas cards (Christmas cards) are very popular in the United States and Europe, and are also one of the ways to maintain the relationship between relatives and friends far away. Many families take the annual family photo or family news with the greeting card, and the news generally includes the advantages and specialties of family members in the past year.The earliest was a pair of big red socks, regardless of size. Because Christmas socks are used for gifts, they are children"s favorite items. In the evening, they hang their socks on the bed and wait for the next morning to receive the gifts.2023-08-18 13:26:031
圣诞节的来历英文版10个词就够
12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,称为圣诞节。西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色,圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人,他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前,要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。December 25 is the day Christians commemorate the birth of Jesus, known as Christmas. Westerners with red, green and white color for the Christmas colors, Christmas comes every household is decorated with Christmas colors. Exist side by side is red and white Santa Claus, he is the most popular figures in the Christmas activities. Western children go to bed on Christmas Eve, prior to the pillow next to the fireplace or put a sock in their sleep after waiting for Santa Claus to present on the socks.2023-08-18 13:26:191
圣诞节的由来(英文)
Christmas Day-December 25-which celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of the Christian religion, is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States.According to the Bible, the holy book of Christians, God decided to allow his only son, Jesus Christ, to be born to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand God better and learn to love God and each other more. "Christmas"- meaning "celebration of Christ "- honors the time when Jesus was born to a young Jewish woman Mary.Mary was engaged to be married to Joseph, a carpenter, but before they came together, she was found to be with child. Because Joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins."Although the exact date of the birth of Jesus nearly 2,000 years ago is not known, the calendar on the supposed date divides all time into B.C. (Before Christ )and A.D. ( a Latin phrase, Anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord.")For the first 300 years, Jesus" birthday was celebrated on different dates. Finally, in the year 354, church leaders chose December 25 as his birthday.2023-08-18 13:26:421
圣诞节的由来50字英文
Christmas, also known as Christmas, is translated as "Christ mass". It originated from the Roman New Year"s agricultural God"s day, which has nothing to do with Christianity. After the prevalence of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the Holy See incorporated this folk festival into the Christian system, and celebrated the birth of Jesus. But it"s not the birthday of Jesus on Christmas day, because the Bible doesn"t record the specific day of Jesus" birth, and it also doesn"t mention that there is such a festival, which is the result of Christianity"s absorption of ancient Roman mythology.2023-08-18 13:27:166
圣诞节的故事英文
圣诞节的故事如下:Once upon a time, there was a head of the American consulate named Miro, and he had a wife.His wife is a person who is dark and poisonous at heart and wants something from someone else.Christmas is coming, my dear wife, what gift would you like? When her husband asked her this, she lied and said, "I want a little hat to protect my head, because the cold winter is gradually coming to us."However, she didn"t think so in her heart. She wanted to pretend to be Santa Claus, because Santa Claus can enter the Royal Ball on Christmas night, so that he can meet the great king and queen.On Christmas night, after Santa Claus had attended the ball, he would deliver gifts from house to house, and finally, to Milo"s house.The next morning, Milo"s wife woke up from her sleep. She hurriedly put on the hat that Santa Claus gave her. Suddenly, the hat quickly shrank into a ball. She hurriedly shouted, "Help! Help!"At this moment, Santa Claus appeared, and Santa Claus said, "Young man, you must cherish your life now, and don"t just think about other people"s things."This time, it was a lesson for Milo"s wife.对照译文:从前,有一个叫米罗的美国领事馆馆长,他有一个太太。他的太太是一个内心又黑又毒而且希望有别人东西的人。圣诞节快到了,我尊敬的太太,你希望要什么礼物呢?她的丈夫这样问她,她便撒谎说:“我希望要一顶小帽子,保护着我的头部,因为寒冷的冬天渐渐地来到我们身边。”但是,她的内心并不是这样想的,她是想冒充圣诞老人,因为圣诞老人在圣诞节的夜晚可以进入皇家舞会,这样,就可以见到伟大的国王和王后。圣诞节的夜晚,圣诞老人参加完舞会后,就挨家挨户送礼物,最后,送到了米罗家。第二天早上,米罗的太太从睡梦中醒来,她急忙戴上了圣诞老人送给她的帽子,突然,帽子迅速缩成了团,她连忙叫道:“救命啊!救命啊!”就在这时,圣诞老人出现了,圣诞老人说:“年轻人,你一定要珍惜现在的生活,不要只想着别人的东西。”这一次,是给米罗的太太的一个教训。圣诞节的意义十九世纪发展至中叶,整个欧洲、美洲开始过起了圣诞节。并衍生出了相应的圣诞文化。改革开放后,圣诞节在中国传播地尤为突出,至二十一世纪初,圣诞节有机地结合了中国当地习俗,发展日趋成熟。吃苹果、带圣诞帽、寄送圣诞贺卡,参加圣诞派对,圣诞购物等成了中国人生活的一部分。如今圣诞节、圣诞老人和圣诞树的形象在世界各地都深入了孩子们的内心。圣诞节到来之际,许多家长会给孩子们讲圣诞节的由来和习俗,让孩子们体会到圣诞节背后的意义,懂得爱,懂得分享,懂得感恩和回报。2023-08-18 13:28:081
圣诞节的由来的英语翻译
hchchchchcvggvvv2023-08-18 13:28:565
圣诞节的由来(英文写出)
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNzIwODA4NzI=.html这里有~~而且是全英文的~就要看看你的耳朵拉~2023-08-18 13:29:442
圣诞节的由来英文加中文简短
圣诞节的来历 圣诞节是基督教世界最大的节日。4世纪初,1月6日是罗马帝国东部各教会纪念耶稣降生和受洗的双重节日、称为“主显节”(亦称“显现节”)即上帝通过耶稣向世人显示自己。当时只有耶路撒冷的教会例外,那里只纪念耶稣的诞生而不纪念耶稣的受洗。后来历史学家们在罗马基督徒习用的日历中发现公元354年12月25日页内记录着:“基督降生在犹大的伯利恒。” 经过研究,一般认为12月25日为圣诞节,可能开始于公元336年的罗马教会,约在公元375年传到小亚细亚的安提阿,公元430年传到埃及的亚历山大里亚,耶路撒冷的教会接受得最晚,而亚美尼亚的教会则仍然坚持1月6日主显节是耶稣的诞辰。The origins of Christmas Christmas is the world"s largest Christian festival. 4 of the century, January 6 is the Roman Empire, the eastern churches to commemorate the birth of Jesus and the baptism of the double festival, known as "Epiphany" (also known as "Epiphany"), that is God himself through Jesus Christ to the world. The exception was only the church in Jerusalem, where only the commemoration of the birth of Jesus rather than to commemorate the baptism of Jesus. Later Christian historians in Rome, learning to use the calendar found in AD 354 December 25 recorded on page: "Christ was born in Bethlehem of Judah." After research, is generally believed that December 25 for Christmas, you may begin in AD 336 years, the Church of Rome, about AD 375 years spread to Asia Minor to Antioch, AD 430 spread to Egypt, Alexandria, Jerusalem, the church had to accept the latest, but the Armenian church is still adhere to January 6 Day of the Epiphany is the birthday of Jesus.2023-08-18 13:30:012
关于圣诞节的由来英语和翻译
每年12月25日是全世界大多数基督徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子。教会开始并无圣诞节,约在耶稣升天后百余年内才有。据说:第一个圣诞节是在公元138年,由罗马主教圣克里门倡议举行。而教会史载第一个圣诞节则在公元336年。由于圣经未明记耶稣生于何时,故各地圣诞节日期各异。直到公元440年,才由罗马教廷定12月25日为圣诞节。公元1607年,世界各地教会领袖在伯利恒聚会,进一步予以确定,从此世界大多数的基督徒均以12月25日为圣诞节。其实哪一天并不要紧,重要的是应该知道它是为纪念救主耶稣降生。EveryyearinDecember25thintheworldthemajorityofChristianscommemoratethebirthofJesusday.BeginningofthechurchthereisnoChristmas,about100yearsafterJesusascendedtoheavenis.Itissaid:thefirstChristmasintheyear138,bythebishopofRomeShengkelimeninitiative.ButthechurchhistorycarriesthefirstChristmasintheyear336AD.BecausethenextremembernotintheBiblewhenJesuswasborn,sodifferentallovertheChristmasperiod.UntiltheyearAD440,justbythechurchinRomeinDecember25thforchristmas.In1607,churchleadersaroundtheworldgatheredinBethlehem,tobefurtheridentified,sincemostoftheworld"sChristiansareinDecember25thforchristmas.Infact,onedaydoesnotmatter,importantistoshouldknowthatitistocommemoratethebirthofJesus.仅供参考。2023-08-18 13:30:581
圣诞节的来历中英文简介
Although the exact date of the birth of Jesus nearly 2,000 years ago is not known, the calendar on the supposed date divides all time into B.C. (Before Christ )and A.D. ( a Latin phrase, Anno Domini, “in the year of our Lord.”)For the first 300 years, Jesus‘ birthday was celebrated on different dates. Finally, in the year 354, church leaders chose December 25 as his birthday. 我特别推荐2023-08-18 13:31:061
圣诞节的由来英文大写
这个你都不会吗2023-08-18 13:31:154
圣诞节的来历(中英文对照)急!!!
我已经忘了,不过我知道06界初三英语的书上有2023-08-18 13:32:071
英语翻译圣诞节的由来,圣诞节该吃什么该做什么
可以参考百度翻译2023-08-18 13:32:592
圣诞节的资料(英文和中文都要)
圣诞老人的由来圣诞老人原来的名字叫做尼古拉,在第四世纪的时候,出生在小亚细亚巴大拉城,家庭富有,父母亲是非常热心的天主教友,不幸他的父母早逝。尼古拉长大以后,便把丰富的财产,全部捐送给贫苦可怜的人,自己则出家修道,献身教会,终生为社会服务。尼古拉后来作了神父,而且还升为主教。他一生当中,做了很多慈善的工作,他最喜欢在暗中帮助穷人,圣诞老人是他后来的别号,这个名字是出自他暗中送钱,帮助三个女孩子的故事。圣诞大餐圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这种风俗盛于美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅,而非火鸡。澳大利亚人爱在平安夜里,全家老小约上亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃一顿圣诞大餐,其中,火鸡、腊鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少,同时伴以名酒,吃得大家欢天喜地。2023-08-18 13:33:192
英文版圣诞节的来历多一点
圣诞节的由来: In Christianity, Christmas is the festival celebrating the Nativity of Jesus, the Christian belief that the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament"s Messianic prophecies was born to the VirginMary. 在基督教的传统中,圣诞节是为庆祝基督耶稣降生的节日。 基督教徒相信,弥赛亚告知圣母玛利亚孕育了上帝的儿子耶稣。 耶稣的出生是有一段故事的,耶稣是因着圣灵成孕,由童女马利亚所生的。 神更派遣使者加伯列在梦中晓谕约瑟,叫他不要因为马利亚未婚怀孕而不要她,反而要与她成亲,把那孩子起名为“耶稣”,意思是要他把百姓从罪恶中救出来。 Jesus" birth is a story. In it, He is believed to be born of the holy spirit, born to the virgin Mary. God sent a message to Joseph in a dream that he shouldn"t worry because of Mary"s unmarried pregnancy because the meaning of boy named "Jesus" was that he would rescue the people from sin. 当马利亚快要临盆的时候,罗马 *** 下了命令,全部人民到伯利恒务必申报户籍。 约瑟和马利亚只好遵命。 When Mary was giving birth, the Roman government gave a mand that all the people of Bethlehem must declare the people in their families. Joseph and Mary had to obey. 他们到达伯利恒时,天色已昏,无奈两人未能找到旅馆渡宿,只有一个马棚可以暂住。 就在这时,耶稣要出生了!于是马利亚唯有在马槽上,生下耶稣。 后人为纪念耶稣的诞生,便定十二月二十五为圣诞节,年年望弥撒,纪念耶稣的出世。 When they reached Bethlehem, it was already dark and they failed to find any acmodation except for a place where horses and other animals were resting. This was the place where Jesus would be born! Mary gave birth to Jesus in this manger. Later generations memorate the birt2023-08-18 13:33:541
英文版圣诞节由来 简短的
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christ"s birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.2023-08-18 13:34:472
英文版圣诞节的由来及其翻译
1、正文OnDecember25oftheGregoriancalendar,ChristianscommemoratethebirthofJesus.WecallitChristmas.ThenameofChristmasistheabbreviationofthemassofChrist,whichisakindofliturgyoftheChristianChurch.Christmasisareligiousfestival,wecelebrateitasthebirthdayofJesus,soitisalsoknownasChristmas.2、译文在每年的公历12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,我们称为圣诞节。圣诞节这个名称是基督弥撒的缩写,弥撒是基督教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞节是一个宗教节,我们把它当做耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,因此又名耶诞节。2023-08-18 13:35:291
圣诞节的由来简介(英文+中文)
在C座福彩中心市场法制宣传发行制度2023-08-18 13:35:412
圣诞节的由来,简介(英语)
l;,."/.;?";l,lkjuygvtfgv2023-08-18 13:36:084
求圣诞节由来的简短英语介绍
圣诞节来历:Christmas also referred to as Christmas Day or Christmastide, is an annual holiday celebrated on December 25 that marks and honors the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.2023-08-18 13:37:051
圣诞节的由来英文最短
发广告2023-08-18 13:37:231
圣诞节的由来英文版加翻译60
圣诞节的由来英文版加翻译如下:Although the exact date of the birth of Jesus nearly 2,000 years ago is not known, the calendar on the supposed date divides all time into B.C. (Before Christ )and A.D. ( a Latin phrase, Anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord.")For the first 300 years, Jesus" birthday was celebrated on different dates. Finally, in the year 354, church leaders chose December 25 as his birthday.圣诞节只是基督徒庆祝其信仰的耶稣基督(jīdū)诞生的庆祝日。圣诞节的庆祝与基督教同时产生,被推测始于西元1世纪。很长时间以来圣诞节的日期都是没有确定的,因为耶稣确切的出生日期是存在争议的,除了《新约》以外,没有任何记载提到过耶稣;《新约》不知道日期,当然就没有人知道确切日期了。在西元后的头三百年间,耶稣的生日是在不同的日子庆祝的。西元3世纪以前的作家们想把圣诞日定在春分日上下。直到西元3世纪中期,基督教在罗马合法化以后,西元354年罗马主教指定儒略历12月25日为耶稣诞生日。现在的圣诞节日期跟西元纪年的创制是密不可分的。2023-08-18 13:37:441
C++怎么调用openMVG库
OpenMVG (open Multiple View Geometry):开源多视角立体几何库,这是一个cv届处理多视角立体几何的著名开源库,信奉逗简单,可维护地,提供了一套强大的接口,每个模块都被测试过,尽力提供一致可靠的体验。地址:github文档:documentsopenMVG能够:解决多视角立体几何的精准匹配问题;提供一系列SfM需要用到的特征提取和匹配方法;完整的SfM工具链(校正,参估,重建,表面处理等);openMVG尽力提供可读性性强的代码,方便开发者二次开发,核心功能是尽量精简的,所以你可能需要其它库来完善你的系统。openMVG分成了几个大的模块:核心库:各个功能的核心算法实现;样例:教你怎么用;工具链:也就是连起来用咯(乱序图像集的特征匹配,SfM,处理色彩和纹理);#0. 安装(win10+VS2013)第一步当然是从github clone代码,然后按照 BUILD 说明操作,需要注意的是:template <class T> inline T operator|(T x, T y){return static_cast<T>(static_cast<int>(x) | static_cast<int>(y));};建议和opencv一起编译,方法是在CMakeLists.txt文件中修改相应选项为 ON,然后在cmake的GUI中添加一个叫OpenCV_DIR的入口,值就是你已经安装好的opencv的路径。openMVG写的非常不错,对Windows也提供了良好的支持,所以cmake之后用VS打开生成的openMVG.sln解决方案就可以进行编译了,编译的时间稍久。我用的VS2013不支持C++新特性:constexpr,所以建议你使用VS2015或更新版本,如果一定要用VS2013,可以这样做:在src/openMVG/cameras/Camera_Common.hpp文件中将有constexpr的地方直接去掉,或者改成模板函数也是可以的:运行样例,这里遇到一个坑:DenseStoraage.h line 86报错:R6010 Assertion failed,这是一个断言错误,在release模式下不会出现,但在debug模式下几乎是必现。原因嘛,打开Eigen给出的网址可以明确:数据结构未对齐(unaligned arrays)。这个问题对于刚接触openMVG的人来说还是很烦人的,openMVG代码很优雅,很多数据类型都是从模板类或函数延伸,通过虚函数扩展各项具体方法,而且非常强烈的依赖Eigen这个库,所以给定位问题带来了阻碍。经过一天的攻坚,最后大概确认了原因:regions.h这个文件中定义的Regions类包含了fixed-size vectorizable Eigen types的stl容器vector,按照Eigen提供的解决方法,需要做的是://原来typedef std::vector<FeatureT> FeatsT;//改成typedef std::vector<FeatureT, Eigen::aligned_allocator<FeatureT>> FeatsT;//其它类似的地方都要改,包括返回vector的函数,最好也加上 EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW#1. 核心库#1.1 图像#Image ContaineropenMVG提供一个基本的类用作图像容器:Image<T>,T代表像素类型,这个类可以处理灰度,RGB,RGBA或者自定义类型的图像。用法很简单:// A 8-bit gray image:Image<unsigned char> grayscale_image_8bit;// Multichannel image: (use pre-defined pixel type)// A 8-bit RGB image:Image<RGBColor> rgb_image_8bit;// 8-bit RGBA imageImage<RGBAColor> rgba_image_8bit;Image<Rgba<unsigned char> > rgba_image2_8bit;这里的 RGBColor,RGBAColor等是openMVG基于Eigen定义好的类型,具体是定义在pixel_types.hpp中。#Image I/OopenMVG支持ppm/pgm,jpeg,png,tiff格式的图片文件,例子:Image<RGBColor> rgb_image_gray;bool bRet = ReadImage("Foo.imgExtension", &rgb_image);#Drawing operations用于在图像上画圆,椭圆,直线等。#1.2 数值openMVG重新包装了Eigen的基本类型和算法,以便更简单的调用。比如 Vec2代表一个二维点(char型)。#1.3 特征这个模块主要是提供特征容器的封装,包括特征,特征描述,关键点集等,基本都是模板类,比如顶一个sift特征描述子可以这样做:// SIFT like descriptortypedef Descriptor<float, 128> siftDescriptorData;#1.4 相机此模块提供不同的相机模型的抽象类,包括:#小孔相机模型最简单的相机模型,如图: 相机模型包括内参和外参,关键词也就是大家熟悉的几样:投影矩阵,旋转、平移矩阵,焦距、主点等,具体参见说明。 看一个例子:openMVG提供的PinholeCamera类:/// Pinhole camera P = K[R|t], t = -RCstruct PinholeCamera{//构造函数PinholeCamera(const Mat3 & K = Mat3::Identity(),const Mat3 & R = Mat3::Identity(),const Vec3 & t = Vec3::Zero()): _K(K), _R(R), _t(t){_C = -R.transpose() * t;P_From_KRt(_K, _R, _t, &_P);}PinholeCamera(const Mat34 & P){_P = P;KRt_From_P(_P, &_K, &_R, &_t);_C = -_R.transpose() * _t;}/// Projection matrix P = K[R|t]Mat34 _P;/// Intrinsic parameter (Focal, principal point)Mat3 _K;/// Extrinsic RotationMat3 _R;/// Extrinsic translationVec3 _t;/// Camera centerVec3 _C;};#1.5 多视角几何这部分是比较基础和重要的模块之一,包括了:多视角集几何中n(>=2)视角的求解算法;将这些求解算法综合起来以便进行鲁棒估计的通用框架——Kernel;文档中讲解了单应矩阵,本征矩阵,本质矩阵,位置矩阵等的概念,讲得非常好,建议仔细阅读文档。 简单的解释一下:单应矩阵:描述两个投影平面之间的关系;本征矩阵:同一个场景在两个相机成像下的关系,也就是物体上的点A在两个视角下成像位置的关系;本质矩阵:基于本征矩阵和内参矩阵建立,描述相机和本征矩阵位置之间的相对关系;位置矩阵:估计相机的绝对位置(被转化为一个最小化问题求解);Kernel:一个将求解器、数据、度量方案等结合起来的类,这个类将用于鲁棒的估计以上的参数和矩阵;#1.6 线性规划一个用于求解多视角几何中线性优化(参数估计)的工具集,文档。#1.7 鲁棒估计提供一些列鲁棒估计方法,比如:Max-Consensus,Max-Consensus,AC-Ransac A Contrario Ransac等。#1.7 匹配提供的接口包括:NNS,K-NN,FLANN,KVLD,Cascade hashing Nearest Neighbor等。这些接口可用于在二维或三维点集,以及更高维的特征描述集中。#1.8 追踪多视几何里的追踪是指在一系列的图片中找到对应的特征点(同一点在不同视角下的位置)。#1.9 sfmopenMVG提供的sfm模块包含了处理SfM问题的一系列方法个数据存储接口,例如相机位置估计,结构测量,BA等。 SfM_Data类包含了SfM所有的输入:struct SfM_Data{/// Considered viewsViews views; // 包含图像文件名,id_view,id_pose,id_intrinsic,image size。/// Considered poses (indexed by view.id_pose)Poses poses; // 相机的三维位置/// Considered camera intrinsics (indexed by view.id_cam)Intrinsics intrinsics; // 相机内参/// Structure (3D points with their 2D observations)Landmarks structure; // 二维视图特征关联的3D点}下面是例子:#1. features_siftPutativeMatches这个样例做了这么几件事(直接翻译官方):分别提取两张图像的SIFT特征(使用非免费的vlsift)并形成特征描述;根据特征描述子匹配两张图像上的特征点(BRUTE_FORCE_L2方法);展示匹配结果;刚开始的时候会遇到Assertion failed断言错误,处理办法见上一篇文章。运行成功项目目录下会生成三个文件:00_images.jpg,01_features.jpg,02_siftMatches.svg。#2. features_affine_demo这个例子是图像MSER(参考)和TBMR特征提取的样例,MSER(Maximally Stable Extremal Regions)最大极值稳定区域是一种对图像灰度具有仿射变换不变性,也许也是这个样例起名的原因。TBMR(tree-based Morse regions)这个算法不是特别了解,具体可以在google学术中搜索。#3. features_image_matching这个样例给出了利用Image_describer接口提取特征描述子,并匹配和显示结果的样例。示例中可以选择SIFT,AKAZE_MLDB或者AKAZE算法,AKAZE介绍可看这里,是一种比SIFT更稳定的特征检测算法。程序中关于解析输入参数的部分可以注释掉(如果你是用过VS2013 debug),直接修改sImage_describer_type这个值以测试。#4. features_kvld_filter 和 features_repeatability这两个也是关于特征提取和匹配的,kvld这个例子中由于之前更改了regions.h中的内容,所以有些函数接口也要做相应改变,具体也是在vector中增加对齐函数选项。#5. multiview_robust_homography_guided 和 multiview_robust_fundamental_guided这两个样例是估计单应矩阵和本征矩阵的,并且能够根据这些信息反过来确定匹配点。两个样例运行时间都很长(分辨率教大时),第一个在用另外的照片时还遇到报错,大概是在DoG时出错,具体也没有细究了·····#6. exif_Parsing提取EXIF信息,编译后通过命令行执行,给出的参数格式:--imafile 你的照片路径,路径中使用/斜杠。另一篇:learn openMVG-安装和简介#7. multiview_robust_essential估计本质矩阵并计算3D结构。这个例子可以直接运行,生成的点云十分稀疏且不带颜色信息。2023-08-18 13:27:001
vcd代表什么?
碟片2023-08-18 13:27:048
问个水泵的原理图,中学物理课本上学过的
水泵的原理图?这个行吗?2023-08-18 13:27:055
ronald是什么意思
Ronald英 ["ru0252nu0259ld]美 ["rɑnld]n. 罗纳德(男子名)更多释义>>[网络短语]Ronald 郑中基,罗纳德,罗纳尔Ronald Reagan 罗纳德·里根,罗纳德里根,罗纳德Ronald Dworkin 罗纳德·德沃金,德沃金请采纳2023-08-18 13:27:141
衣服的尺码L X 分别指的是多大号啊?
38 40 422023-08-18 13:27:164
Ronald是什么意思
Ronaldn.罗纳德(男子名)网络郑中基; 郑中基; 罗纳尔德形近词:DonaldRanald2023-08-18 13:27:222
NAP积分区别再障与PNH
PNH时全血细胞减少,会导致中性粒细胞丢失,所以NAP降低。再障时细胞产生的细胞数量减少,因为代偿,剩下的中性粒细胞NAP增多,活性增强(不严谨,个人见解)2023-08-18 13:27:241
求C++中利用opencv计算轮廓图像傅里叶描述子的代码
一、特征点(角点)匹配图像匹配能够应用的场合非常多,如目标跟踪,检测,识别,图像拼接等,而角点匹配最核心的技术就要属角点匹配了,所谓角点匹配是指寻找两幅图像之间的特征像素点的对应关系,从而确定两幅图像的位置关系。角点匹配可以分为以下四个步骤:1、提取检测子:在两张待匹配的图像中寻找那些最容易识别的像素点(角点),比如纹理丰富的物体边缘点等。2、提取描述子:对于检测出的角点,用一些数学上的特征对其进行描述,如梯度直方图,局部随机二值特征等。检测子和描述子的常用提取方法有:sift,harris,surf,fast,agast,brisk,freak,brisk,brief/orb等。3、匹配:通过各个角点的描述子来判断它们在两张图像中的对应关系,常用方法如 flann等。4、消噪:去除错误匹配的外点,保留正确的匹配点。常用方法有KDTREE,BBF,Ransac,GTM等。二、SIFT匹法的提出为了排除因为图像遮挡和背景混乱而产生的无匹配关系的关键点,SIFT的作者Lowe提出了比较最近邻距离与次近邻距离的SIFT匹式:取一幅图像中的一个SIFT关键点,并找出其与另一幅图像中欧式距离最近的前两个关键点,在这两个关键点中,如果最近的距离除以次近的距离得到的比率ratio少于某个阈值T,则接受这一对匹配点。因为对于错误匹配,由于特征空间的高维性,相似的距离可能有大量其他的错误匹配,从而它的ratio值比较高。显然降低这个比例阈值T,SIFT匹配点数目会减少,但更加稳定,反之亦然。Loweratio的阈值为0.8,但作者对大量任意存在尺度、旋转和亮度变化的两幅图片进行匹配,结果表明ratio取值在0. 4~0. 6 之间最佳,小于0. 4的很少有匹配点,大于0. 6的则存在大量错误匹配点,所以建议ratio的取值原则如下:ratio=0. 4:对于准确度要求高的匹配;ratio=0. 6:对于匹配点数目要求比较多的匹配;ratio=0. 5:一般情况下。三、常见的SIFT匹配代码1、vlfeat中sift toolbox中的vl_ubcmatch.c使用的是普通的欧氏距离进行匹配(该SIFT代码贡献自AndreaVedaldi)。2、Lowe的C++代码中使用的是欧氏距离,但是在matlab代码中为了加速计算,使用的是向量夹角来近似欧氏距离:先将128维SIFT特征向量归一化为单位向量(每个数除以平方和的平方根),然后点乘来得到向量夹角的余弦值,最后利用反余弦(acos函数)求取向量夹角。实验证明Lowe的办法正确率和耗时都很不错。同样,也可以采用knnsearch函数求最近点和次近点:knnsearch采用euclidean距离时得到的结果与lowe采用的近似方法结果几乎一致,正好印证了模拟欧氏距离的效果。3、Rob Hess的OpenSIFT采用了KDTREE来对匹配进行优化。4、CSDN大神v_JULY_v实现了KDTREE+BBF对SIFT匹配的优化和消除错误匹配:从K近邻算法、距离度量谈到KD树、SIFT+BBF算法- 结构之法 算法之道 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET。5、OpenCV中features2d实现的SIFT匹配有多种matcher:VectorDescriptorMatcher,BFMatcher(Brute-force descriptor matcher),FernDescriptorMatcher,OneWayDescriptorMatcher,FlannBasedMatcher 等等。目前只知道采用knnsearch,提供了多种距离度量方式,具体区别不懂。2023-08-18 13:27:281
CD,VCD,DVD有什么区别?
分类: 电子数码 解析: 从表面上看,DVD盘与CD/VCD盘很相似。但实质上,两者之间有本质的差别。如果大家认为,DVD与CD/VCD之间的区别仅仅在于播放效果上,似乎显得有些太过于简单了。 1、从技术上来看 DVD/CD都是一样的,因为它们都是将所需要的数据存储在光盘轨道中极小的凹槽内,然后再通过光驱的激光束来进行读取工作。但是在光盘的密度方面,DVD要比CD/VCD大得多,因此在读取DVD数据的时候就需要比读取CD/VCD的数据时更短波长的激光束。因为只有这样,才能够让激光束更加准确地在光盘上面聚焦和定位。CD的最小凹坑长度为0.834μm,道间距为1.6μm,采用波长为780~790nm的红外激光器读取数据,而DVD的最小凹坑长度仅为0.4μm,道间距为0.74μm,采用波长为635~650nm的红外激光器读取数据。 2、在播放影像时 VCD只能达到240线的标准,而DVD可以高达720线的标准,因此在清晰度方面,DVD占据了绝对的优势。 3、在数据容量上 CD/VCD只能容纳650MB-700MB左右的数据,而DVD最少可以容纳4.7GB的数据。按单/双面与单/双层结构的各种组合,DVD可以分为单面单层、单面双层、双面单层和双面双层四种物理结构。单面单层DVD盘的容量为4.7GB(约为CD-ROM容量的7倍),双面双层DVD盘的容量则高达17GB(约为CD-ROM容量的26倍)。 单面DVD盘可能有一个或两个记录层。与CD一样,激光器从盘的下面读取单面盘上的数据,双面DVD盘上的数据分别存放在盘的上下两面。 有两种方法读取双面盘上的数据: (1)在播放完盘上第一面的节目后,将盘从播放机中取出,翻面后再放入播放机中继续播放第二面上的节目; (2)在播放机中装两个读激光器,分别从盘的上下两面读取数据,或者在播放机中只装一个读激光器,但在读完盘的第一面后可以自动地跳到盘的另一面继续播放。 如果采取后一种方案,则读完盘的第一面后不需要将盘取出翻面。 双层盘实际上是将两层盘迭加在一起,下层是一半反射层,透过它可以读取上层的数据。读下层盘时总是从内圈开始,并从里往外读取,读完下层后再读上层。读取上层盘有两种方法: (一)逆光道路径OTP(OppositeTrackPath)法,即读上层盘时从外圈开始,并从外向里移动; (二)顺光道路径PTP(ParallelTrackPath)法,即读上层盘时从内圈开始,并从里向外移动。读激光器在读上下层盘上的数据时,其光学焦点会改变。 无论是单层盘还是双层盘都由两片基底组成,每片基底的厚度均为0.6mm,因此DVD盘的厚度为1.2mm。对于单面盘而言,只有下层基底包含数据,上层基底没有数据;而双面盘的上下两层基底上均有数据。 4、在功能方面 DVD可以提供诸如多声轨(多语言)、多种文字支持以及多角度观赏等丰富多彩的功能,而这些都是CD和VCD所不具备的。 对于DVD和CD/VCD之间的区别大致如此,虽然看起来比较简单,但是仅仅只是这么几点不同便足以让DVD彻底的击败CD/VCD了,但是由于后两者目前凭借着在价格方面的优势,所以依然在市场中占有较高的优势,但是相信在不远的未来,DVD将会正式的全面取代CD和VCD成为绝对的主流。2023-08-18 13:27:291
罗恩为什么叫罗纳德 罗纳德是谁
因为罗恩是昵称,他的正式用名是罗纳德,外国人的名字都是这样的,比如安迪是安德鲁的昵称。罗恩·韦斯莱,全名罗纳德·比利尔斯·韦斯莱(Ronald Bilius Weasley)所有人全都称呼他叫“罗恩”(Ron),而非“罗纳德”(Ronald)只有卢娜·洛夫古德在原著中,叫“罗恩·韦斯莱”为“罗纳德”。罗恩·韦斯莱是英国女作家J.K.罗琳著名魔幻小说《哈利·波特》系列中的男二号。 角色经历 一年级,在《哈利·波特与魔法石》中,作为新生的罗恩只能接收比尔的旧长袍,查理的旧魔杖,珀西的老鼠。爱玩巫师棋的罗恩在魔法石的倒数第二个考验中通过牺牲自己(当然后来恢复过来)证明了自己棋术高超,使得哈利通过了守护魔法石的巨大巫师棋盘。 二年级,在《哈利·波特与密室》中,因罗恩和哈利无法通过第9与第10站台间的隔墙,导致错过了霍格沃茨特快列车。罗恩便驾驶父亲的飞天汽车与哈利一起前往霍格沃茨,却撞上打人柳,导致他的魔杖折断,魔杖以后都不能发挥正常功效(如果将前后两端接合,魔法则会因为魔杖的缘故反弹予施术者;如果只保留手柄一端,魔法的效果、完整性将会大幅减弱)。他偷去飞天汽车导致韦斯莱先生在魔法部受到审查,韦斯莱夫人因此大为恼火,向罗恩寄去吼叫信指责他的错误。圣诞节时,罗恩变成克拉布和变成高尔的哈利一起进入斯莱特林休息室,调查马尔福与袭击事件有无关联。在赫敏被石化后克服内心恐惧,和哈利一起去见了八眼巨型蜘蛛阿拉戈克,并因为飞天汽车的援助而脱险。二人因赫敏·格兰杰的提示——“水管”知道了密室的所在位置,同时也知道了密室中的怪物是蛇怪。罗恩、哈利和时任黑魔法防御术教师洛哈特教授一起前往密室,洛哈特中途夺去罗恩的破魔杖向哈利施遗忘咒遭回火,导致自己记忆全失并震塌通道,罗恩便留下挖掘碎石、开辟通道,哈利则继续前进,最终成功救出金妮·韦斯莱。因此罗恩获得对学校的特殊贡献奖并为格兰芬多赢得200分。2023-08-18 13:27:301
冷库制冷系统原理图
制冷原理单级蒸汽压缩制冷系统,是由制冷压缩机、冷凝器、节流阀和蒸发器四个基本部件组成。它们之间用管道依次连接,形成一个密闭的系统,制冷剂在系统中不断地循环流动,发生状态变化,与外界进行热量交换。液体制冷剂在蒸发器中吸收被冷却的物体热量之后,汽化成低温低压的蒸汽、被压缩机吸入、压缩成高压高温的蒸汽后排入冷凝器、在冷凝器中向冷却介质(水或空气)放热,冷凝为高压液体、经节流阀节流为低压低温的制冷剂、再次进入蒸发器吸热汽化,达到循环制冷的目的。这样,制冷剂在系统中经过压缩、冷凝、节流、蒸发四个基本过程完成一个制冷循环。[6]在制冷系统中,蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩机和节流阀是制冷系统中必不可少的四大件,这当中蒸发器是输送冷量的设备。制冷剂在其中吸收被冷却物体的热量实现制冷。压缩机是心脏,起着吸入、压缩、输送制冷剂蒸汽的作用。冷凝器是放出热量的设备,将蒸发器中吸收的热量连同压缩机做功所转化的热量一起传递给冷却介质带走。节流阀对制冷剂起节流降压作用、同时控制和调节流入蒸发器中制冷剂液体的数量,并将系统分为高压侧和低压侧两大部分。实际制冷系统中,除上述四大件之外,常常有一些辅助设备,如电磁阀、分配器、干燥器、集热器、易熔塞、压力控制器等部件组成,它们是为了提高运行的经济性,可靠性和安全性而设置的。[7]部件构成空调机根据冷凝形式可分为:水冷式和空冷式两种,根据使用目的可分为单冷式和制冷制暖式两种,不论是哪一种型式的构成,都是由以下的主要部件组合而成的。制冷系统主要部件有压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器、膨胀阀(或毛细管、过冷却控制阀)、四通阀、复式阀、单向阀、电磁阀、压力开关、熔塞、输出压力调节阀、压力控制器、贮液罐、热交换器、集热器、过滤器、干燥器、自动开闭器、截止阀、注液塞以及其它部件组成。电气系统主要部件有电机(压缩机、风机等用)、操作开关、电磁接触器、连锁继电器、过电流继电器、热动过电流继电器、温度调节器、湿度调节器、温度开关(除霜、防止结冻等用)。压缩机曲轴箱加热器,断水继电器,电脑板及其它部件组成。[8]控制系统由多个控制器件组成,它们是:制冷剂控制器:膨胀阀、毛细管等。制冷剂回路控制器:四通阀、单向阀、复式阀、电磁阀。制冷剂压力控制器:压力开闭器、输出压力调节阀、压力控制器。电机保护器:过电流继电器、热动过电流继电器、温度继电器。温度调节器:温度位式调节器2023-08-18 13:26:522
堆排序是啥东西啊?它在最坏情况下需要比较的次数怎么算?
堆排序堆:设有数据元素的集合(R1,R2,R3,...Rn)它们是一棵顺序二叉树的结点且有 Ri<=R2i 和Ri<=R2i+1(或>=)堆的性质:堆的根结点上的元素是堆中的最小元素,且堆的每一条路径上的元素都是有序的。堆排序的思想是:1)建初始堆(将结点[n/2],[ n/2]-1,...3,2,1分别调成堆)2)当未排序完时输出堆顶元素,删除堆顶元素,将剩余的元素重新建堆。程序如下:program duipx;const n=8;type arr=array[1..n] of integer;var a:arr;i:integer;procedure sift(var a:arr;l,m:integer);var i,j, t:integer;begini:=l;j:=2*i;t:=a[i];while j<=m do begin if (j<m) and (a[j]>a[j+1]) then j:=j+1; if t>a[j] then begin a[i]:=a[j];i:=j;j:=2*i; end else exit; a[i]:=t;end;end;beginfor i:=1 to n do read(a[i]);for i:=(n div 2) downto 1 do sift(a,i,n);for i:=n downto 2 do begin write(a[1]:4); a[1]:=a[i]; sift(a,1,i-1); end; writeln(a[1]:4);end.2023-08-18 13:26:501
VCD播放器的VCD的发展历程
VCD的发展历程 :1993年9月,留美学者姜万勐、孙燕生生产出世界上第一台VCD。1996年至1997年,爱多、新科等新品牌开始大规模进入市场,并占据VCD大部分市场。1998年9月,发生了全国性的SVCD与CVD标准之争论。1998年8月,信息产业部制定《超级VCD系统行业规范》,于1998年11月1日生效。1998年10月至1999年7月,各大影碟机厂家不断推出附加新技术的VCD产品,如可播放MP3和MID I的超级VCD,掌上型超级VCD和可录写的超级VCD。甚至实现了VCD联网和语音复读等功能,以实现中小学的VC D辅助教学。1999年1月,影碟机行业广告费投入直线下降。在激烈竞争中,不少知名企业陷入困境,如“小霸王”倒闭和“ 爱多”亏损严重。1999年7月,各主要生产厂家不约而同地开始大规模降价,普通单碟机的价格纷纷跌破800元/台。DVD产品开始取代VCD。2023-08-18 13:26:491
网络接入点是什么意思?
都是服务商服务器的ip!没什么的2023-08-18 13:26:459
先导式单向阀的速度控制阀如何使用,管路如何接?
前些天要在气液增压缸上接先导式单向阀的速度控制阀,网上找了也没找到答案,把自己摸索的经验分享下。 先弄懂原理(原理图搜SMC ASP530F 型号的说明资料),然后按下述方式接管比较容易理解,先导式单向阀的速度控制阀有3个端口,1、螺纹端连接气缸有杆侧进气口,2、速度控制阀端接气源气管,3、单向阀端的气管并联至无杆侧进气口(即无杆侧也有2根气管可以进气) 已现场试过,正解2023-08-18 13:26:421
surf的尺度不变性为什么不如sift
尺度就是受delta这个参数控制的表示 。而不同的L(x,y,delta)就构成了尺度空间(Space ,我理解,由于描述图像的时候,一般用连续函数比较好描述公式2023-08-18 13:26:401
求生之路2浩方联机sever is enforcing consistency for this file:sripts/weapon huning
server is enforcing consistency for this file:scripts/weapon_gnome.txt2023-08-18 13:26:392
慢性粒细胞白血病患者NAP积分突然升高至200分,可能发生的变化是
【答案】:D中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶( NAP)主要存在于成熟阶段的中性粒细胞,其他细胞均呈阴性反应。慢性粒细胞白血病的NAP活性明显降低,积分值常为0。急性化脓性感染时NAP活性明显升高,病毒性感染时其活性在正常范围或略低。急性NAP 降低。2023-08-18 13:26:351
如何匹配图像中两个四边形,使得其各边距离相等 csdn
一、特征点(角点)匹配图像匹配能够应用的场合非常多,如目标跟踪,检测,识别,图像拼接等,而角点匹配最核心的技术就要属角点匹配了,所谓角点匹配是指寻找两幅图像之间的特征像素点的对应关系,从而确定两幅图像的位置关系。角点匹配可以分为以下四个步骤:1、提取检测子:在两张待匹配的图像中寻找那些最容易识别的像素点(角点),比如纹理丰富的物体边缘点等。2、提取描述子:对于检测出的角点,用一些数学上的特征对其进行描述,如梯度直方图,局部随机二值特征等。检测子和描述子的常用提取方法有:sift,harris,surf,fast,agast,brisk,freak,brisk,brief/orb等。3、匹配:通过各个角点的描述子来判断它们在两张图像中的对应关系,常用方法如 flann等。4、消噪:去除错误匹配的外点,保留正确的匹配点。常用方法有KDTREE,BBF,Ransac,GTM等。二、SIFT匹法的提出为了排除因为图像遮挡和背景混乱而产生的无匹配关系的关键点,SIFT的作者Lowe提出了比较最近邻距离与次近邻距离的SIFT匹式:取一幅图像中的一个SIFT关键点,并找出其与另一幅图像中欧式距离最近的前两个关键点,在这两个关键点中,如果最近的距离除以次近的距离得到的比率ratio少于某个阈值T,则接受这一对匹配点。因为对于错误匹配,由于特征空间的高维性,相似的距离可能有大量其他的错误匹配,从而它的ratio值比较高。显然降低这个比例阈值T,SIFT匹配点数目会减少,但更加稳定,反之亦然。Loweratio的阈值为0.8,但作者对大量任意存在尺度、旋转和亮度变化的两幅图片进行匹配,结果表明ratio取值在0. 4~0. 6 之间最佳,小于0. 4的很少有匹配点,大于0. 6的则存在大量错误匹配点,所以建议ratio的取值原则如下:ratio=0. 4:对于准确度要求高的匹配;ratio=0. 6:对于匹配点数目要求比较多的匹配;ratio=0. 5:一般情况下。三、常见的SIFT匹配代码1、vlfeat中sift toolbox中的vl_ubcmatch.c使用的是普通的欧氏距离进行匹配(该SIFT代码贡献自AndreaVedaldi)。2、Lowe的C++代码中使用的是欧氏距离,但是在matlab代码中为了加速计算,使用的是向量夹角来近似欧氏距离:先将128维SIFT特征向量归一化为单位向量(每个数除以平方和的平方根),然后点乘来得到向量夹角的余弦值,最后利用反余弦(acos函数)求取向量夹角。实验证明Lowe的办法正确率和耗时都很不错。同样,也可以采用knnsearch函数求最近点和次近点:knnsearch采用euclidean距离时得到的结果与lowe采用的近似方法结果几乎一致,正好印证了模拟欧氏距离的效果。3、Rob Hess的OpenSIFT采用了KDTREE来对匹配进行优化。4、CSDN大神v_JULY_v实现了KDTREE+BBF对SIFT匹配的优化和消除错误匹配:从K近邻算法、距离度量谈到KD树、SIFT+BBF算法- 结构之法 算法之道 - 博客频道 - CSDN.NET。5、OpenCV中features2d实现的SIFT匹配有多种matcher:VectorDescriptorMatcher,BFMatcher(Brute-force descriptor matcher),FernDescriptorMatcher,OneWayDescriptorMatcher,FlannBasedMatcher 等等。目前只知道采用knnsearch,提供了多种距离度量方式,具体区别不懂。2023-08-18 13:26:321