作为四大新发明之一的高铁,见证了速度的发展 英语什么翻译？

高铁英语是high-speed-rail。一、同义词high speed trains高速列车二、短语High-speed rail network高速铁路网。High-speed rail station高铁站。High-speed rail line高速铁路线。High-speed rail service高铁服务。High-speed rail technology高铁技术。High-speed-rail的例句：1.China has developed an extensive high-speed rail network,connecting major cities across the country.中国已建设了广泛的高速铁路网络，连接了全国各大城市。2.The high-speed rail station in Shanghai is one of the busiest in the world.上海的高铁站是世界上最繁忙的之一。3.Japan is renowned for its advanced high-speed rail technology,known as Shinkansen.日本以其先进的高速铁路技术而闻名，被称为新干线。4.The construction of a new high-speed rail line will significantly reduce travel time between the two cities.修建一条新的高速铁路线将大幅缩短两个城市之间的旅行时间。

译文：high-speed rail重点词汇：high英［hau026a］释义：adj.高的；高级的；崇高的；高音调的n.高水平；天空；由麻醉品引起的快感；高压地带adv.高；奢侈地n.（High）人名；（英）海伊［复数：highs；比较级：higher；最高级：highest］短语：high school高级中学；高中；中学；歌舞青春高校音乐剧扩展资料：词语辨析：speed，rate，velocity，pace这些名词均含“速度、速率”之意。1、speed普通用词，指单位时间内行进的固定速度或速率，也指可能达到的最高速度。2、rate作“速度”讲时，与speed同义，可换用。作速率解时，指相对增长的速度，也指两种相比较而得出的标准速度。3、velocity技术用词，指物体沿着一定方向运动时的速率。4、pace普通用词，指步行的速度，常引申指活动的进度或生产率。

中国的高铁英语翻译是:High iron in China，见下图百度翻译

问题一：高铁和动车用英语怎么说 这俩词在英语中均没有对应的词汇 硬要译的话，高铁可译成High Speed Railway。但实际上没人这么译 动车浮词则是中国大陆独有英语里没对应词，勉强可译为EMU或者DMU，其中的MU代表的“Mutiple Unit”（单元列车） 问题二：我们是坐高铁回来的。英文怎么说？ We take the high-speed rail back. 问题三：乘火车用英语怎么说？ by train take the/a train 问题四：我第一次坐高铁，好激动！英文怎么翻译？ i am so excitied on my first ride inthe high speed rail 问题五：城际高铁的英文怎么说 城际高铁 Intercity high-speed railway 城际高铁 Intercity high-speed railway 问题六：高铁商务座用英语怎么说 高铁的二等座就是一般的座位，一排5个座位，椅背可以后放。一等座空间更大，一排4个座位。特等座是专有隔间，商务座内部设有沙发等设施。普通列车的硬座一排5个座位，对面而坐，一节车厢定员118，一般都会有站票，车厢很挤。软座的座位全部向前，空间稍大。硬卧分上中下铺三层，一节11小间，铺位稍窄。软卧分上下铺两层，铺更宽敞，一节车厢8小间。餐车是专门为乘客提供的就餐地点，一般在列车的中部。希望能帮到你。 问题七：坐火车用英语怎么说 take a train by train 问题八：高铁的英文。 你好！ 高铁 The high-speed rail 问题九：欢迎乘坐成渝高铁的英文怎么写 我试着用给你中英文对照的答案，我不知道是我自己没有完全听准确，还是稿词本身就是这样的，我听出来的英文稿件语法上错洞百出，毫无章法。我这边的稿词是江浙沪大部分高铁上播放的，其他地方可能有所不同，

高铁和动车用英语怎么说？可以去牛津词典查一下这两个词。

bus taxi high-speed rail

乘高铁英语用by。坐高铁在英语中，乘坐交通工具一般用take或by后加交通工具来表示出行方式。步行一般用on foot来表示。交通工具，介词“by”的情况，可翻译成“乘坐、通过”的意思。如：by train 坐火车，by car坐小汽车，by bike骑自行车，by air /plain坐飞机，by sea/boat坐轮船，by bus坐公交车，by taxi坐出租车。如果在交通工具前加上冠词或其它限定词，这时就要用介词in或on来表示“乘坐”d的意思，如：in a car坐小汽车，in his car坐他的小汽车，in a boat坐船，in a taxi 坐出租车，on a bus坐公交车。

It is the first time that Mr. Smith (takes) the high-speed train in China.

CRH（China Railway High-speed)

There wasn"t any high speed rail ten years ago, but there are many now.十年前没有高铁,现在有高铁

We got off the high speed train, and then took the subway to my Uncle"s. His place is spacious and bright. Grandma made us delicious food and was waiting for us.

名词概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。1. 专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。注：专有名词的首字母通常要大写。若是专名名词词组，则其中每个单词的首字母要大写；若是缩略词，则通常每个字母都大写；称呼家人的 mum, dad, father, mother 等有时也可小写。2. 普通名词：指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。具体地说，它可分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词。其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如girl(女孩)等；集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如 audience(观众，听众)等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如water(水)等；抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如work(工作)，happiness(幸福)等。名词概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。1. 专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。注：专有名词的首字母通常要大写。若是专名名词词组，则其中每个单词的首字母要大写；若是缩略词，则通常每个字母都大写；称呼家人的 mum, dad, father, mother 等有时也可小写。2. 普通名词：指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。具体地说，它可分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词。其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如girl(女孩)等；集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如 audience(观众，听众)等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如water(水)等；抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如work(工作)，happiness(幸福)等。名词的数的问题 1. 名词复数的规则变化 (1) 一般情况加词尾 -s，如 book / books, desk / desks等。(2) 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es：bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes等。(3) 以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：city / cities, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。2. 复数规则变化的几点说明 (1) 以 ch 结尾的名词变复数时加词尾-es，指的是 ch 读音为[tF]时；若ch的读音为[k]，则其复数应加词尾-s，如 stomach[tstQmEk]是 stomachs，而不是 stomaches。(2) 以y结尾的专有名词，直接加词尾s变复数。如：There are two Marys in our class. (3) 以 o 结尾的名词，有些加词尾 -s，有些加-es，但在中学英语范围内，以o结尾的名词变复数加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个：tomato(西红柿)，potato(土豆)，hero(英雄)，Negro(黑人)。注：有些以o 结尾的名词在变复数时加-s或-es均可，如zero / zero(e)s(零)等。(4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，也有两种可能：即有些直接加词尾-s，有些则把 f / fe 改为 ves：roof / roofs(屋顶)，knife / knives(小刀)等。但在中学英语范围内，要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。注：中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)在变复数时有两种形式：handkerchiefs / handkerchieves，但在现代英语中，以用 handkerchiefs 为多见。3. 单数与复数同形的名词。这类名词不多，主要的有：sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Portuguese 葡萄牙人Swiss 瑞士人 aircraft 飞行器 means 方法series 系列 head (牛等的)头数 works 工厂注：(1) fish 有时也用 fishes 这样的复数形式，尤其是表示种类时；head 若不是表示牲口的“头数”，而是表示“人的头”或“人数”，则要用 heads 这样的复数形式。(2) 由汉语拼音形式出现的名词，其复数与单数同形，如 fifty yuan(5元)，thirty fen(3角)，five li(5里)，ten mu(10亩)等。4. 名词复数的不规则变化。有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则，需特别记忆：man / men 男人 woman / women 女人child / children 小孩 tooth / teeth 牙齿foot / feet 脚 goose / geese 鹅mouse / mice 老鼠 ox / oxen 公牛注：(1) 一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词，在构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同，如：policeman / policemen(警察)， Englishman / Englishmen (英国人)，等等。但是 human(人)，German(德国人)，Walkman(随身听)不是合成词，它们的复数要按一般规则变化，即为 humans, Germans, Walkmans，而不是 humen, Germen, Walkmen。又如Bowman是姓，其复数是Bowmans，不是 Bowmen。(2) foot表示“英尺”时，其复数可以有两种形式 feet / foot，如：He is about six feet [foot] tall. 他大约6英尺高。5. 复合名词变复数的方法。复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数：passer-by / passers-by 过路人 looker-on / lookers-on 旁观者若没有主要名词，则通常在最后一个词尾加s：know-all / know-alls 万事通对于由man / woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词，则需将两者变为复数：man nurse / nurse doctors 男护士woman lawyer / women lawyers 女律师名词根据其可数性，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。一般说来，个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的；而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的，原则性的，并不是绝对的。比如，在通常情况下专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。又如，在一个小范围内，可能只有一个 Henry，但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个 Henry, 因此我们有时会见到类似以下这样的句子：We have spent many happy Sundays there. There are five Henrys in our school. 另外，物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体，所以它通常是不可数的。但是，在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等)，有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式。如：Will you have tea or coffee Two coffees, please! 再如，抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可数的。但是，有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词，表示具有某种性质的人、事物或行为(可数)。如：She did this out of kindness. 指抽象意义)He has done me many kindnesses. 指好意的行为)名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。 1. 专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如：Jim 吉姆 China 中国 Mr. Smith 史密斯先生July 七月 Friday 星期五 the Yellow River 黄河Christmas 圣诞节 English 英语 A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》注：专有名词的首字母通常要大写。若是专名名词词组，则其中每个单词的首字母要大写；若是缩略词，则通常每个字母都大写；称呼家人的 mum, dad, father, mother 等有时也可小写。2. 普通名词：指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。具体地说，它可分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词。其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如girl(女孩)等；集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如 audience(观众，听众)等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如water(水)等；抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如work(工作)，happiness(幸福)等。编辑本段名词的数的问题 1. 名词复数的规则变化 (1) 一般情况加词尾 -s，如 book / books, desk / desks等。(2) 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es：bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes等。(3) 以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：city / cities, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。2. 复数规则变化的几点说明 (1) 以 ch 结尾的名词变复数时加词尾-es，指的是 ch 读音为[tF]时；若ch的读音为[k]，则其复数应加词尾-s，如 stomach[tstQmEk]是 stomachs，而不是 stomaches。(2) 以y结尾的专有名词，直接加词尾s变复数。如：There are two Marys in our class. 我们班在两个玛丽。(3) 以 o 结尾的名词，有些加词尾 -s，有些加-es，但在中学英语范围内，以o结尾的名词变复数加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个：tomato(西红柿)，potato(土豆)，hero(英雄)，Negro(黑人)。注：有些以o 结尾的名词在变复数时加-s或-es均可，如zero / zero(e)s(零)等。(4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，也有两种可能：即有些直接加词尾-s，有些则把 f / fe 改为 ves：roof / roofs(屋顶)，knife / knives(小刀)等。但在中学英语范围内，要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词)：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。注：中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)在变复数时有两种形式：handkerchiefs / handkerchieves，但在现代英语中，以用 handkerchiefs 为多见。3. 单数与复数同形的名词。这类名词不多，主要的有：sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Portuguese 葡萄牙人Swiss 瑞士人 aircraft 飞行器 means 方法series 系列 head (牛等的)头数 works 工厂注：(1) fish 有时也用 fishes 这样的复数形式，尤其是表示种类时；head 若不是表示牲口的“头数”，而是表示“人的头”或“人数”，则要用 heads 这样的复数形式。(2) 由汉语拼音形式出现的名词，其复数与单数同形，如 fifty yuan(5元)，thirty fen(3角)，five li(5里)，ten mu(10亩)等。4. 名词复数的不规则变化。有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则，需特别记忆：man / men 男人 woman / women 女人child / children 小孩 tooth / teeth 牙齿foot / feet 脚 goose / geese 鹅mouse / mice 老鼠 ox / oxen 公牛注：(1) 一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词，在构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同，如：policeman / policemen(警察)， Englishman / Englishmen (英国人)，等等。但是 human(人)，German(德国人)，Walkman(随身听)不是合成词，它们的复数要按一般规则变化，即为 humans, Germans, Walkmans，而不是 humen, Germen, Walkmen。又如Bowman是姓，其复数是Bowmans，不是 Bowmen。(2) foot表示“英尺”时，其复数可以有两种形式 feet / foot，如：He is about six feet [foot] tall. 他大约6英尺高。5. 复合名词变复数的方法。复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数：passer-by / passers-by 过路人 looker-on / lookers-on 旁观者若没有主要名词，则通常在最后一个词尾加s：know-all / know-alls 万事通对于由man / woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词，则需将两者变为复数：man nurse / nurse doctors 男护士woman lawyer / women lawyers 女律师编辑本段名词的可数性问题 名词根据其可数性，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。一般说来，个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的；而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的，原则性的，并不是绝对的。比如，在通常情况下专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。又如，在一个小范围内，可能只有一个 Henry，但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个 Henry, 因此我们有时会见到类似以下这样的句子：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。另外，物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体，所以它通常是不可数的。但是，在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等)，有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式。如：Will you have tea or coffee 你喝茶还是喝咖啡？Two coffees, please! 请来两杯咖啡！再如，抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可数的。但是，有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词，表示具有某种性质的人、事物或行为(可数)。如：She did this out of kindness. 她这样做是出于好心。(指抽象意义)He has done me many kindnesses. 他对我很关心。(指好意的行为)编辑本段名词的格的问题 1. 名词格的种类：英语名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同，所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时，用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分-"s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。2. –"s所有格的构成方法：单数名词或不带复数词尾-s的复数名词尾均加词加-s 构成所有格，但若复数名词已带有词尾-s，则只加省字撇(")构成所有格。如：We found the man"s wallet in a women"s room. 我们在女厕所找到了这个人的钱包。The test is beyond the students" abilities. 这测试超过了学生的能力。注：(1) 对于带词尾-s的单数名词，通常仍加-"s，而对于带词尾-s的人名，可加-"s 或只加省字撇(")：I"m glad at the boss"s promise to increase the workers" pay. 我很高兴老板答应提高工人们的工资。(2) 如果两个名词并列，并且分别带有 -"s，则表示“分别有”；若只带一个 –"s，则表示“两者共有”。如：This is Tom and Jim"s room, and these are Jack"s and Mary"s rooms. 这间汤姆和吉姆的房间(两人共用)，这两间是杰克和玛丽(各自)的房间。3. -"s所有格的用法特点：-"s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西，但有时也可用于无生命的东西，如用于表时间的名词后、用于表国家、城市的名词后、用于组织机构后、用于某些集合名词、用于度量衡及价值名词后等。如：What are today"s assignments 今天的作业是什么She"s had several months" experience. 她已有了几个月的经验。Hainan is China"s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。Let"s wait in the station"s waiting-room. 我们车站候车室等吧。注：名词所有格并不一定表示所有关系，有时可能表示其他意义，如表示类别、动作执行者或承受者等。如：This is a children"s hospital. 这是一家儿童医院。（表类别）We were all waiting for the famous popular singer"s arrival. 我们都在等那位著名流行歌曲歌手的到来。（表动作执行者）They had no money to pay for their son"s education. 他们没有钱支付儿子的教育费用。（表动作承受者）关于名词作定语 名词在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语、呼语等，其中最需引起注意的是名词作定语，因为它不仅容易用错，而且也是英语高考的一个重要考点。关于此问题同学们应注意以下几点。如：1. 通常用单数：即在通常情况，名词作定语要用单数形式。如：chemistry lesson 化学课 flower garden花园school gate 校门 room number房间号码welcome party欢迎会 letter box信箱book report读书报告 shoe store鞋店paper flower纸花注：“数词+名词”作定语时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：a five-year plan　五年计划 an 18-year-old girl 18岁的女孩2. 用复数作定语的情形：在某些特殊情况下也可用复数名词作定语，这主要见于某些用作定语的名词只有复数形式没有单数形式，或虽有单数形式但用于特定含义时习惯上要用复数形式。如：goods train 货车 arms depot军火库customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷an arts degree文科学位 savings bank储蓄银行另外，在某些特定表达中，用作定语的名词也通常用复数。如：careers guide 就业指导 （比较：career woman 职业女性）examinations board考试委员会 （比较：examination paper 试卷）the foreign languages department 外语系 （比较：language lab 语言实验室）

在中国 一般火车就在 普通铁路上跑，速度 低于160。动车 在普通铁路和高速铁路上都有， 这段时间 中国铁路 进行了大范围的降速。现在 普通铁路上跑的动车，速度 160。 高速铁路上跑的动车 速度250 高铁 只在 高速铁路上跑，速度300。舒适性方面，动车和高铁差不多，比一般火车舒适很多。价格方面，当然 高铁最高，其次 是250的动车，再次是 160的动车。最后是 一般火车。一般火车还分为有空调和没空调的。

我们坐高铁的时候，经常会听到一些不懂的英语，但是还好，我们是在中国，还有着中文的讲解，那么，如果我在国外呢？我们听不明白坐过站怎么办呢？所以大家还是要简单的明白一些这些语言讲述的是什么。那么，接下来，小编就来给大家好好的讲述一些高铁上必须要用到的一些英文吧！常用语句1、女士们、先生们，你们好，欢迎您乘坐上海客运段列车出行，我代表全体乘务人员向您问好!为了您的旅行安全，请您注意以下事项：Ladiesandgentlemen,welcomeaboardthetrain.It"smypleasuretoextendourbestregardstoyouonbehalfofallthecrewmembers.Foryoursafety,Pleasepayattentiontothesafetyinstructionofthistrain.2、上车时请您注意车票上的车次和停靠站，并请对号入座。请将您随身携带的行李物品放置在行李架或车厢一端的大件行李处，放置稳妥。Pleasemakesureofyourtrainnumberanddestination.Pleasebeseatedaccordingtotheseatnumberonyourticket.Yourbelongingsshouldbestowedsafelyonthespecifiedracksortheluggageroomonthefarendofthecoach.3、乘坐列车时您可以参阅《乘车服务指南》或咨询乘务人员来了解车内服务设施的具体情况和使用方法。为了保持设备设施功能良好，请您在使用时多加爱护。PleaserefertotheTrainServiceGuideorconsultthecrewmembersifyouwanttoknowmoredetailsandusageofthecoachfacilities.4、乘坐动车组列车时严禁吸烟，如有违反者，乘警将依据《铁路安全管理条例》进行处罚。Smokingisstrictlyprohibitedduringthewholetrip.Pleasedonotsmokeinanyareaonboard.AnyviolatorswillbepunishedbythetrainpoliceaccordingtotheRegulationsontheAdministrationofRailwaySafety.5、列车车厢内涂有红色标记的安全设施是紧急情况下使用的，请不要随意碰触，以免影响列车运行。Thedeviceswithredmarksareforemergencyonly.Donottouchthemsoastoavoidanyaccident.6、有小朋友的旅客请勿让儿童在车厢内奔跑、打闹、攀爬座椅、手扶门缝、触碰电茶炉等，以免发生意外伤害。Pleasetakegoodcareofyourchildren.Inordertoavoidanyaccident,pleasedonotletthemrunorrompaboutinthecoach,orclimbtheseatsorholdthecrackofthedoorortouchtheelectricwaterboiler.7、列车发生紧急情况时，请听从列车工作人员安排。感谢您的关注，祝您旅途愉快!Incaseofemergency，pleasefollowthetrainattendantsinstructions.Thanksforyourattention.Wewishyouhaveasafeandapleasantjourney.8、女士们先生们早晨好，欢迎乘坐中国高铁我们的终点站是哈尔滨西站，现在我们到达的是沈阳北站，门会在左侧打开Goodmorningladiesandgentleman,welcometotakeChinarailwayhigh-speedtrian,ourdestinationisharbinweststation,wearenowinShenYangNorthstation,thedoorwillbeopenintheleftside.9、女士们，先生们!前方到站是XX站，请下车的旅客提前整理自己的行李，做好下次准备，您下车时从列车运行方向的前部车门下车，XX站就要到了!LadiesandGentlmen,weareapproachingstationXXstation,pleasecheckyourluggageandpreparetogetoffthetrain,pleasealightfrontdoorofthiscarriage,andletpassengersalightfirstbeforeboardingthetrain,wearearrivingatstationXXstation.Goodmorningladiesandgentleman,welcometotakechinarailwayhigh-speedtrian,ourdestinationisXXXweststation,wearenowinXXXNorthstation,thedoorwillbeopenintheleftside.常用词汇：trialoperation/run试运行dedicatedraillink铁路专线businessclass商务座speedcut减速testperiod测试期间technicalreliability技术可靠性dual-speedsystem双速制non-stoptrain直达列车staggeredparking交错停车track铁轨rollingstock轨道车辆intercityhigh-speedrail城际高铁breakdowns故障runchart运行图bullettrain(motorcar动车high-speedtrain(rail高铁好了，虽然这些不是必须要知道的，但是我们还是要明白，这样也防止以后我们遇到一些必须要用到的情况也不会太过于茫然。

　题目： 　　中国目前拥有世界上最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升。更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间，相对汽车而言，高速列车的突出优势在于准时， 因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在临近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。 参考译文有道考神版： 　　精简结构： 　　①中国……有……铁路网。 　　②……速度……将……提升，……城市将修建高铁站。 　　③高铁……缩短了……时间。 　　④相对……而言，……优势在于……，因为……不受……影响。 　　⑤高铁……改变了……生活方式。 　　⑥如今，它……成了……交通工具。 　　⑦……人……乘高铁……旅游。 　　⑧……年轻人选择在……工作……在……居住，……乘高铁上下班。 　　----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 　　参考译文： 　　①China currently has the world"s largest and fastest high-speed railway network。 　　②The speed of high-speed trains will continue to increase， and more cities will build high-speed rail stations。 　　③High-speed rail greatly shortens people‘s travel time。 　　④Comparing to airplanes， one outstanding advantages of high-speed rail trains is punctuality， because they are basically not affected by weather or traffic regulations。 　　⑤High-speed rail has greatly changed the way of life of Chinese people。 　　⑥Today， it has become the preferred means of transportation for many business travelers。 　　⑦More and more people also travel by taking high-speed rail during holidays。 　　⑧There are also many young people choosing to work in a city and live in a nearby city and commute by taking high-speed trains every day。 　　参考译文文都版： 　　Nowadays, China owns the biggest and fastest network of high speed railway in this world and its speed will continue to be increased. More cities will build high speed railway stations. The time spent in travel has been largely shortened. Owing to its feature of unaffected by the weather and traffic control basically, the outstanding advantage of high speed railway is on time compared with airplane. It has changed the lifestyle of Chinese greatly. Now, it has been the first choice for many businessmen in their business trips. An increasing number of people select high speed railway as their transportation means during their vacations. Many young people choose to work in a city but live in a neighboring city and commute by high speed railway. 参考译文网友版： 　　基础版 　　China now has the largest and fastest high-speed railway network in the world. The speed of high-speed trains will go on to be improved. More and more cities are building their high-speed railway stations. High-speed railway has greatly reduced the time people spend on travelling. Compared with planes, the outstanding advantage of high-speed train is that they arrive on time, because basically high-speed trains are not often affected by weather or traffic control. High-speed railway has greatly changed the way of Chinese people"s life. Nowadays, it has become the first choice of transportation of business trips for Chinese people. More and more people also take high-speed trains to travel on holidays. Besides, many young people choose to work in one city and live in a city next to it, and they take high-speed trains to and from work. 　　进阶版 　　China currently possesses the largest and fastest high-speed railway network in the world. The speed of high-speed trains is expected to be continuously improved, with more and more cities building their high-speed railway stations. High-speed railway significantly cuts back the time people spend on traveling. Compared with planes, the outstanding advantage of high-speed trains is their punctuality, for it is scarcely influenced by weather conditions or traffic control. High-speed railway has tremendously changed Chinese people"s lifestyle. Nowadays, it has become the first option of transportation mode when people are on business trips. A growing number of people also take the high-speed railway to travel on holidays. What"s more, some youngsters choose to work in one city while living in a neighboring one, riding high-speed trains to commute. 温馨提示：“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。” ※2018年6月英语六级成绩查询时间：

关于春运英文如下：Spring Festival travel rush又被叫做年度全球最大规模的人口流动（the largest annual human migration in the world）。春运还有一种英文是 China"s annual Spring Festival travel rush，因为是中国特有，所以在前面加上“China"s annual”。在春节期间是中国的返乡客流高峰期（peak time for passenger transport），会有大批的人员返乡过年。在春节期间客流最大的就是火车（Train），还有现在更受欢迎的高铁动车（High-speed train）。高铁和动车虽然组成的英语单词都是一样的，但是整体的顺序是不一样的。高铁的英文缩写是CHSR（China High-speed Railway），而动车的英文缩写是CRH（China Railway High-speed）。虽然高铁和动车在很多比较专业的地方是有很大区别的，但是在普通人看来都是差不多的，并且在外国人看来也都是告诉列车，所以他们在英语中统称为“High-speed train”。在铁路列车里座位的选择也意味着价格的不同。火车上的座位一般分为：Standing ticket 站票、Hard seat 硬座、Hard sleeper 硬卧、Soft sleeper 软卧。高铁动车上的座位一般分为Second-class seat 二等座、First-class seat 一等座、Business-class seat 商务座。不过既然已经到春运了，就多学习一些出行的句子吧！Is there an airport bus to the city? 这里有从机场去市中心的巴士吗 ？Where is the bus stop (taxi stand)? 巴士车站在哪里 ？How much does it cost to the city centre by taxi? 乘计程车到市中心需要多少钱？

It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway.Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation .and as also some people believe that it i...

债务危机， debt crisis美国国债， United States public debt债务违约， debt default 高铁，High-speed railway

　　我们国家的交通现在也算是全国数一数二的了，加上有了高铁的出现，我们的出行就更加方便了。下面是我为你整理的高铁的 英语 作文 ，希望对你有帮助! 　　描写高铁的 高中英语作文 篇1 　　It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway. Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation.and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient 　　.My reasons are as follows.First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses.and it is much more convenient to transport goods.for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs, and it cost much money to checked the goods. if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient, it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time. 　　Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world, Chinese has no pressure. 　　What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money , I believe China can hold it . 　　As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning! 　　描写高铁的高中英语作文篇2 　　More than 20 railway transportation lines totaling some 2,000 kilometers are planned for a dozen Chinese cities, said officials with the Ministry of Construction. 　　Railway transportation includes urban express railways, subways, light rails, and trolley cars. 　　Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Wuhan, and Changchun are all planning to build such a network to conquer the traffic jams and serious pollution caused by the rapid increase of the urban population and the number of automobiles in China. 　　The network will have the advantages of cleanliness, security, punctuality, high speed, and large transport capacity, said the officials. 　　Financial and technological factors have hampered the development of such a system over the past three decades, and there are now only about 90 km of underground lines in the country with some 600 subway trains in use. 　　Now, however, Beijing alone is planning to build a railway system composed of 13 main routes and two extensions lines totaling 408 km, and increase the railway transport proportion to 50 percent from the present 15 percent, according to local officials. 　　China"s first urban railway line was in Beijing and began test operations in October 1969, and the second, in Tianjin, was open to traffic in December 1984. 　　描写高铁的高中英语作文篇3 　　It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway. Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation . and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient . My reasons are as follows: First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses . and it is much more convenient to transport goods . for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs, and it cost much money to checked the goods. if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient, it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time. Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world, Chinese has no pressure. What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money , I believe China can hold it . As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning! 　　描写高铁的高中英语作文篇4 　　It"s five o "clock in the morning, and maybe we"re still in the middle of a dream, and our family has already packed and cleaned up. Because our family is going to zhengzhou. At 7 o "clock, we took a taxi and started at the west station. A lot of cars along the way, because of the high speed, the car all the way to the state, so even sanmenxia traffic police out to maintain traffic order. 　　Finally to the west station, my god, I don"t know why the world is cricket. Walk into the hall, and there are crickets. At this time, at 8 o "clock, the ticket office didn"t open, so I had to buy a ticket by the ticket machine. On the first and second flights of zhengzhou, the high-speed trains were all full, so we had to look at xi "an. At 10:58, we had a train and five tickets, so we had to set foot on the bus to xi "an. 　　Close to harmony of silver body, feel like the name of the train is general, cordial and harmonious, because the speed is open not long, so everything is new. Entering the carriage, I couldn"t help but be shocked, the bright car top, decorate a new seat, feel very comfortable! I am a little reluctant to sit down, for fear of destroying the peace and warmth here. The train started, looked out of the window, the roadside objects moved to behind the swish sou ", it is difficult to discern the hills or trees, but we did not feel the bumps, very comfortable. The average speed of the train is 300KM/H! It is. All the way through two platforms, we arrived at our destination around 12:00... 　　I reluctantly went down the train, and looking back, it was resting quietly on the platform, and the changing technology made me feel the color of life again. 　　描写高铁的高中英语作文篇5 　　When I first saw on TV the speed of high-speed trains, streamlined "bullet" model, spacious and comfortable seats, elegant and dignified steward, let me miss! 　　I eager to consult the related information about high-speed, high capacity, large conveying capacity, high speed, good security, punctuality rate, comfortable and convenient, low energy consumption and environmental impact of light, good economic benefit incomparable advantages, represents the direction of railway development, "five longitudinal and six horizontal seven wired" planning outline of China"s future 30 years the good blueprint of high-speed development, this is China"s speed, but also China"s miracle! 　　To be able to stay in this fast, passionate, hopeful, challenging career will be the dream that I will strive for. 　　With a dream and a vision, with the same enthusiasm and hope for the future, I go to school. 　　Perhaps, you do not have the tall buildings like other schools, but in my eyes, you are so delicate, you are so quiet, this is different you! 　　Perhaps, you don"t have as many famous brands as other schools, but in my eyes, you have unlimited loyalty to education, caring for the students motherly, this is the down-to-earth you! 　　Perhaps, like the past, you are destined to become my new Alma mater, destined to be where I dream to take off. 　　I believe that my youth will be more brilliant under your heart. I firmly believe that under your careful care, my high iron dream will take off here! I promise, today I am proud of you, tomorrow you are proud of me! 　　描写高铁的高中英语作文篇6 　　On the fifth day of the big year, my parents took me to the tour group to fuzhou. 　　We set out on a high-speed train. This is the first time that high-speed rail has been opened in the chaoshan area, so let"s not mention how excited we are. We came to the platform early to wait for the harmony train. When the sound of rumbling in the distance, like the muffled thunder rolling, we all know is the train to the station, we all stood on tiptoe, elongation neck, and looked at, very anxious to hurry up to see the face of the train. At last, only "swish," a light blue train pulled up like a long dragon, and stopped steadily, with the train head having three "harmonious" characters. Soon the door opened. "great! Great!" I shouted happily, followed the crowd, and soon found our seat. A few minutes later, the train started slowly, and then it got faster and faster, faster and faster, less than a minute, and it was already over 200 kilometers per hour. Around a car only occasionally feel a slight shake, I looked out of the window, ha ha, trees, buildings, road speed back to "run", the train is a dragon, speeding through the city and the country. 　　Heard from chaoshan to fuzhou before a long bus requires six hours" drive, and now sit high iron just two and a half hours, this can not help but let us praise: the development of science and technology bring people much convenience! 　　Soon, we arrived in fuzhou and began a happy journey. It"s comfortable to sit on a high-speed train, and I"m looking forward to taking a trip back

【篇一】关于高铁的高中英语作文 　　It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway.Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation .and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient .My reasons are as follows:First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses .and it is much more convenient to transport goods .for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs,and it cost much money to checked the goods.if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient,it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time.Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world,Chinese has no pressure. 　　What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money ,I believe China can hold it .As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning! 　　这是一个很热的话题现在很多城市已经开通高速铁路.很多人说,这条高速铁路是比其他交通工具要好很多.也有些人相信它是没有什么未来.我认为,高速铁路给我们带来真正的方便.我的理由如下：首先,高速铁路站是更接近我们的生活区,像公交车一样.和运输要方便得多.例如,一个在上海的商人要去四川与 1000 公斤的物品,如果他去四川乘飞机,他需要去郊区因为总是在郊区,和它机场需要花多少钱来检查货物.如果他乘火车去,他要从家里,很远的地方去火车站和火车带更多的时间而且如果他乘公共汽车,虽然很方便,它不仅需要花多少钱,而且还浪费太多时间.其次,高速铁路的最重要的缺点是它需要有大量的乘客.中国作为世界人口第二多的国家,没有压力. 　　更重要的是,中国正在"高速"发展中,即使高速铁路花很多钱,我相信中国可以承受得起.综上所述,我坚信未来的高速铁路未来一片光明 ! 【篇二】关于高铁的高中英语作文 　　It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway. Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation.and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient 　　.My reasons are as follows.First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses.and it is much more convenient to transport goods.for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs, and it cost much money to checked the goods. if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient, it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time. 　　Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world, Chinese has no pressure. 　　What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money , I believe China can hold it . 　　As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning! 【篇三】关于高铁的高中英语作文 　　Undoubtedly,railway is the first public transport means invented by human beings,and it appeared in Britain in the early nineteenth century for the first time as well.After that,the high-speed railway came out. 　　According to the definition,the high-speed railway refers to a new type of the railway system,owning the rate over 200 kilometers per hour.In the early 21st century,almost none of the railway systems had a rate more than 200 kilometers per hour.Up to the year 1964,the Japanese shinkansen appeared with a rate of 300 kilometers per hour.In addition,except achieving a certain rate,the train itself and the rail must be improved at the same time.Of course,the broad high-speed railway still include the magnetically levitated train,which will be widely used in the near future. 　　I believe,with the development of the science and technology,our railway system will become more and more advanced,bring convenience to our life. 【篇四】关于高铁的高中英语作文 　　First built in 2005, the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway went into operation on December,26th,2009. Overall length of its main line is 1068 kilometers, and it goes through the following three provinces: Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong. 　　The speed of the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway is 350km/h,the fastest speed in the world now, which makes it only three hours needed from Wuhan to Guangzhou, seven hours less than before. Besides, there are all kinds of facilities in the train, which make your trip safe and comfortable, so it is more humanitarian. 　　However, the only fly in the ointment is that the train fare is too high and the station is quite far away from the downtown area.

答案： 解析： Now many people like traveling by high-speed train / taking the high-speed train because it is faster．

中国的高铁,动车,快车，从速度方面来介绍一下：(1)高速铁路列车(g)速度约300km/h。(2)动车组旅客列车(d)速度通常在150～200km/h之间。现代已提高约300km／h。(3)直达快速火车(z)速度在140km/h以上。(4)快速火车(t)速度约130km/h。(5)普通快速火车(k)速度约90km/h。但是因为要让路，所以实际上时间会延长。1)high-speedrailwaytrain(g),speedofabout300km/h.2)emupassengertrains(d),speediusuallybetween150~200km/h.modernhasbeenincreased,about300km/h.3)directexpresstrain(z)atspeedsabove140km/h.4)fasttrain(t),speedofabout130km/h.5)ordinaryfasttrain(k),speedofabout90km/h.butbecauseofthewaytogo,thetimeisactuallygoingtobelonger.

It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway. Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation . and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient . My reasons are as follows: First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses . and it is much more convenient to transport goods . for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs, and it cost much money to checked the goods. if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient, it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time. Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world, Chinese has no pressure. What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money , I believe China can hold it . As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning!这是一个很热的话题现在很多城市已经开通高速铁路。很多人说，这条高速铁路是比其他交通工具要好很多。也有些人相信它是没有什么未来。我认为，高速铁路给我们带来真正的方便。我的理由如下： 首先，高速铁路站是更接近我们的生活区，像公交车一样。和运输要方便得多。例如，一个在上海的商人要去四川与 1000 公斤的物品，如果他去四川乘飞机，他需要去郊区因为总是在郊区，和它机场需要花多少钱来检查货物。如果他乘火车去，他要从家里，很远的地方去火车站和火车带更多的时间而且如果他乘公共汽车，虽然很方便，它不仅需要花多少钱，而且还浪费太多时间。其次，高速铁路的最重要的缺点是它需要有大量的乘客。中国作为世界人口第二多的国家，没有压力。更重要的是，中国正在"高速"发展中，即使高速铁路花很多钱，我相信中国可以承受得起。综上所述，我坚信未来的高速铁路未来一片光明 ！

一种新的运输方式投入使用，有其长处，也必有其弱点。第一，高速铁路投资巨大，投资收益的压力自然也大。Anewmodeoftransportinuse,hasitsstrengths,thereisalsoitsweakness.First,high-speedrailinvestmentinhugepressureoninvestmentincomearenaturallylarge. 第二，高铁虽然相对航空具有显然的优势，但350公里时速的动车组8节车厢也就是400-600人左右的运量，只相当于波音757飞机2-3个班次的运量。Second,althoughtherelativelyhighironaviationhasobviousadvantages,butspeedof350kmEMUeightcompartments400-600isaboutthetraffic,onlyBoeing757aircraftequivalentto2-3flightsoftraffic.

我文化从成都不太高，不会英语，所以没有帮助到你，非常抱歉。

坐高铁比传统火车舒服英语是：Taking the high-speed rail is more comfortable than traditional trains。高速铁路，简称高铁，是指设计标准等级高、可供列车安全高速行驶的铁路系统。其概念并不局限于轨道，更不是指列车。 高铁在不同国家、不同时代以及不同的科研学术领域有不同规定。中国国家铁路局颁布的《高速铁路设计规范》文件中将高铁定义为：新建设计时速为250公里（含）至350公里（含）运行动车组列车的标准轨距的客运专线铁路。

HIgh-speed train trip

中国的高铁,动车,快车，从速度方面来介绍一下：(1)高速铁路列车(G)速度约300km/h。(2)动车组旅客列车(D)速度通常在150～200 km/h之间。现代已提高约300Km／h。(3)直达快速火车(Z)速度在140Km/h以上。(4)快速火车(T)速度约130km/h。(5)普通快速火车(K)速度约90Km/h。但是因为要让路，所以实际上时间会延长。1) High-speed railway train (G), speed of about 300km / h.2) EMU passenger trains (D), speed i usually between 150 ~ 200 km / h. Modern has been increased, about 300Km / h.3) Direct express train (Z) at speeds above 140Km / h.4) fast train (T) , speed of about 130km / h.5) ordinary fast train (K) , speed of about 90Km / h. But because of the way to go, the time is actually going to be longer.

【答案】： 参考答案：China didn"t have a high-speed rail five years ago.But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short.And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train.The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nation"s civil aviation system.China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.

中国高铁是世界第一。英语：China"s high-speed railway is world"s number one.

中式口音。美式口音与英式口音都有显著的特征，尤其是英式。美式吐词相对清晰但也有相当的连音，主要是句子中的单词发音完整，卷舌音俱全。英音则相对显著，容易区分，巨量连音，以及巨量省略音节，卷舌音几乎全部略去，因省略及连音过多，一般初学者很难听懂，需要适应。在国内，高铁上，地铁上都是中国人的中式口音。先说特点，现代汉语发音特点是偏重送气音与不送气音(比如t和d,发这两个音的时候其实整个口腔的布置以及声带的震动都是一样的，只是出气不出气罢了，题主可以试试，t整个胸腔送气，较重，而d只口腔送气，送气极少，较轻)，而英文也则偏重浊音与清音。两个语言系统偏重的发音习惯不一样，自然先天的讲，发音就会有显著区别了(也就是所谓的听起来不像)。两种语言的表达习惯也决定了发音系统，中文送气音较多，表达时需要频繁换气，与之对应，中文的句子一般较短，故而通常一句一换。而英文因为句子一般极长，单词本身还长，一口气是说不完的，故其开发出了省气的习惯，开发了几个送气较少的音，如s音的弱出气版写作th,发音时以舌尖抵住上牙，阻挡气流输出，故而减少出气量。(关于语言发音差异的知识其实颇为复杂，这里尽量说的比较简单，如果题主感兴趣可以自行搜索)总之两门语言自身的差异就决定了作为非本土语言的使用者，发音上自然会有所差异。再说最重要的一点，中式发音不丢人！其实国际性的外语考试，如托福，在考察表达时，根本不在意口音，只看考生表达水准。我在学习日语和韩语时，我的老师告诉我，口音其实不影响一个人的正常表达，相反，它象征了使用者的来处，是使用者最骄傲的名帖，如今我大中国如此繁荣富强，国人应当以一口中式口音为傲，无需矫枉过正。(我本人的口音是英音，但只是因为接受了严格且长期的训练，并非本意，反而个人感觉比较遗憾)语言最基本的功能永远只是表达。表意清晰即可。希望以上回答对题主有所帮助。

My favourite season is autumn. It is a harvest season. Farmers are all busy getting in the crops. There are lots of different fruits in the season, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on

It is a really hot topic now as many city had opened high-speed railway.Many people said that high-speed railway is much better than the other transportation .and as also some people believe that it is no future .to my point of view ,high-speed railway bring us real convenient .My reasons are as follows:First ,the stations of the high-speed railway are much closer to our living area ,like buses .and it is much more convenient to transport goods .for example ,a businessman in Shanghai want go to Sichuan with 1000kg goods,if he go to Sichuan by plane ,he need go to suburbs because the airports always in the suburbs,and it cost much money to checked the goods.if he go by train ,he need to go to the railway station far away from home ,and the train take much more time .and if he take bus,though it is convenient,it not only cost much money ,but also waste much time.Secondly,the most important disadvantage of high-speed railway is that it need a great number of passengers .As the second most populous countries of the world,Chinese has no pressure.What"s more ,China is developing in a "high speed",even though high-speed railway cost much money ,I believe China can hold it .As all above ,I firmly believe that the future of high-speed railway is shinning!

我们会选择高铁或者飞机去旅行We will choose high iron or planes to travel

High speed rail station in Laiyang Railway Station高铁莱阳站到站

高铁入口High-speed railway entrance检票口 Ticket check-in gate

High-speed train can make it convenience for people to live and work.

alight.

First built in 2005,the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway went into operation on December,26th,2009.Overall length of its main line are 1068 kilometers,and it goes through the following three provinces:Hubei,Hunan and Guangdong. The speed of the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway is 350km/h,the fastest speed in the world now,which makes it only three hours needed from Wuhan to Guangzhou,seven hours less than before.Besides,there are all kinds of faclities inthe train,which make your trip safe and comfortable so it is more humanoriented. However,the only fly in the ointment is that the train fare is too high and the station is quite far away from the downtown area.

去北京旅游的英语作文1.时间 2.怎样去（比写作思路：可以先介绍一下是在什么时间，怎么去的北京旅游，再详细介绍一下旅游的过程等等，中心要明确。正文：On summer holiday my parents took me to Beijing.We stayed at Huabei Hotel.On the first day,we went to the Great Wall.The Great Wall is very long and old.It has millions of bricks.Each brick is very big and heavy.Lots of people from different countries like climbing the Great Wall.We felt very tired when we climbed to the top of the Great Wall.暑假我父母带我坐高铁去了北京。我们住在华北饭店。第一天，我们去了长城。长城又长又旧。它有数百万块砖头。每一块砖头又大又重。许多来自不同国家的人喜欢爬长城。当我们爬到长城顶上时，我们感到很累。We also went to the Palace Museum.The Palace Museum has 9999 palaces.It has a very long history.I bought a lot of souvenirs of the Palace Museum.What nice palaces these are!I visited the Palace Museum and felt excited.If you want to know more about the Palace Museum,you can go to Beijing and have a look.我们还去了故宫博物院。故宫博物院有9999座宫殿。它有很长的历史。我买了很多故宫的纪念品。这些宫殿多漂亮啊！我参观了故宫博物院，感到很兴奋，如果你想了解故宫博物院，你可以去北京看看。The following days,we went to the Summer Palace,Tian Tan,North Lake and Xiang Hill.I now know more about the history of China.I also like modern Beijing.The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.接下来的几天，我们去了颐和园、天坛、北湖和香山。我现在对中国的历史有了更多的了解。我也喜欢现代的北京。2008年奥运会将在北京举行。Later,I went back with my parents by train.I really enjoyed the trip to Beijing.后来，我和父母坐火车回去了。我真的很享受北京之旅。I like this trip!我喜欢这次旅行！“高铁旅游”用英语怎么说高铁旅游” High speed rail travel" 英 [spi:d] 美 [spid] n. 速度; 快速; 昌盛; （汽车的）变速器，排挡; vt. vi. 急行，加速; vi. 超速; 加速; 迅速前行; 兴隆; vt. 加快的速度; 使成功，使繁荣;你邀请你朋友和你一起乘高铁去桂林游玩，看山水风光 和体验苗族人民的生活习俗，高一英语作文，急急急！The second grade next semester, I learned a lesson called "Guilin Scenery under heaven ", after I read it I very want to go to Guilin. This summer, my father said I have progress, to reward me for a trip. Yeah, finally can go.The morning of July 23rd, we very early with luggage, take the airport express to finish the Baiyun airport.9:40, the plane finally took off. After 45 minutes of smooth flight, we arrived at Guilin, we travel destination. Off the plane, I shouted: " Guilin, here I come ".In Guilin, we first went to Guilin city landmarks - the elephant trunk hill, we in the trunk of Piedmont photo, Elephant Trunk Hill has a beautiful legend: Once upon a time there was an elephant is the Jade Emperor"s guard like, sickness and fall into the world. Fortunately, it is an old grandpa sees and saved it. The elephant was very grateful, it decided to always here to help people do things. The Jade Emperor know, send the tota Lee king to put the elephant kill. Tota Lee king while elephants drink, sword and killed it. The elephant in the Elephant Trunk Hill today.Guilin Scenery is known as " the first hole " and " the Reed Flute Cave in karst. " said the glittering silver rock.The first day was very exciting, I really look forward to the next few days more exciting journey.二年级下学期我学了一篇课文叫“桂林山水甲天下”，我看完后我非常想去桂林。今年暑假，爸爸说我考试有进步，奖励我旅游一次。_，终于可以去了。7月23日早上，我们一大早就拿着行李，搭乘机场快线赶完白云机场。9：40分，飞机终于起飞了。经过45分钟的平稳飞行，我们到达了桂林---我们旅行的目的地。一下飞机，我就喊：“桂林，我来了”。到了桂林后，我们首先去了桂林市的标志---象鼻山，我们在象鼻山前照相，象鼻山 有个美丽的传说：从前有只大象是玉皇大帝的守护象，因病而掉入人间。幸好它被一位老爷爷看到而救了它。大象非常感激，它决定要一直在这里帮人们做事。玉皇大帝知道后，派出托塔李天王去把大象杀掉。托塔 李天王趁大象喝水的时候，一剑把它杀死了。大象就化为了今天的象鼻山。桂林山水有被誉为“国宾第一洞”的芦笛岩和“世界岩溶宝库”之称的闪闪发光的银子岩。第一天已经非常精彩了，真期待今后几天更精彩的旅程呀

一种新的运输方式投入使用，有其长处，也必有其弱点。第一，高速铁路投资巨大，投资收益的压力自然也大。A new mode of transport in use, has its strengths, there is also its weakness. First, high-speed rail investment in huge pressure on investment income are naturally large. 第二，高铁虽然相对航空具有显然的优势，但350公里时速的动车组8节车厢也就是400-600人左右的运量，只相当于波音757飞机2-3个班次的运量。Second, although the relatively high iron aviation has obvious advantages, but speed of 350 km EMU eight compartments 400-600 is about the traffic, only Boeing 757 aircraft equivalent to 2-3 flights of traffic.

China"s high-speed rail is a transportation which travels faster than ordinary trains.

Dear toomawari ga tsuzuku wake wa yatto sukoshi tsunageta te to te nigirikaeshi nazuku kimi koibito no omokage mebaete tomodachi no mama sugita kisetsu nagasugita koto semezu ni nokori wazuka na jikan dake wo kanjiteitai kara setsunasa wa setsunasa no mama de yatto todoita omoi dakara kimi to kawashita hikari kakage koi no mukou e aruite ikou yubae kasumu eki no HOOMU samishige ni hodoku te no hira kasuka koyubi karanda no wa kimi no kureta yakusoku to negau te wo furu yori mo mune ni ateta kobore ochinai you ni itoshisa wa itoshisa no mama de hanareru hodo ni mukiau kedo tooku natteku kimi wo mitsume mabuta no ura ni utsushikonda mugen no kotoba no naka ni wa bokura wo musuberu mono nakute tashika na kodou wo kienai netsu wo ikiteru ai wo mitsumete setsunasa wa setsunasa no mama de yatto todoita omoi dakara kimi to kawashita hikari kakage kizuna kanjite aruiteru yo kimi no nokoshita te no nukumori ima wa mune no oku ni aru kara futari tsuyoku te wo furiaou kitto yakusoku wa chikaku made.. Dear一直绕著远路的理由是 手与手终於轻轻相系 回握著轻轻点头点头的你 让我看到了恋人的表情 丝毫不责怪在朋友关系中所度过的季节太长 只想感受所剩不多的时间 无奈的心情就这样 因为是好不容易才传达出的爱意 公开与你交错的光芒 朝向恋情的那端走去 夕阳照映在车站月台 解放寂寞的手心 隐约缠绕在小指上的 是你给的约定与愿望 比起挥著手 更想保存在心中不让它落下 爱恋的心情就这样 分离越远越能够面对 凝视著渐渐远去的你 将此刻映照在眼神深处 在无限的言语中 却没有能将我两结合在一起的事物 确实的心跳与无法消除的热情 正凝视著这份爱 悲伤的心情就这样 因为是好不容意才传达出的爱意 公开与你交错的光芒 在感受到牵绊中走著 你所留下的手心温暖 现在深藏在内心深处 我两用力地互相挥著手 约定一定就快实现了…实在找不到日文的

肉牛能量单位以汉语拼音字首RND符号表示。我国肉牛饲养标准建议以1.5兆卡增重净能为一个肉牛能量单位，约相当于200～250千克体重的肉牛，增重500克所沉积的能量。在现行肉牛标准中，以1千克中等玉米（二级饲料玉米，干物质88.5%、粗蛋白8.6%、粗纤维2.0%、粗灰分1.4%、消化能16.40兆焦/千克干物质）所含的综合净能值8.08兆焦（1.93兆卡）为一个肉牛能量单位（RND）。例如，1千克干物质为88.6%的麸皮，其原样中综合净能为5.86兆焦，则：RND=5.86/8.08=0.73。1千克干物质为22.7%的玉米青贮，其原样中综合净能为1.05兆焦，则：RND=1.05/8.08=0.13。例如，一头体重为200千克、日增重0.9千克的生长阉牛需要综合净能25.90兆焦/天，需要的RND为：RND=25.9/8.08=3.21。一个奶牛能量单位（NND）是指生产1千克乳脂率为4%的乳所需要的能量。根据各种标准计算，1千克乳脂率为4%的标准乳所含的能量在3.096～3.138兆焦之间。我国计算时采用3.14兆焦（750千卡）产奶净能。用它计算饲料的净能含量，也用它计算奶牛的净能需要量。如1千克干物质含量为89%的玉米，含产奶净能9.016兆焦，等于2.87NND（9.016÷3.14）；玉米青贮干物质含量为22%时，产奶净能为1.38兆焦相当于0.44NND。如果一头奶牛日产20千克，乳脂率为3.2%，则该牛用于产奶的净能所需的奶牛能量单位数，只需要把产奶量转为4%乳脂率的标准日产量即得。其转换公式为：4%乳脂率乳量（千克）=0.4M+15F式中：M——实际生产的乳量（千克）；F——实际所产乳脂的千克数，它等于M×实际乳脂率。因此，该牛4%乳脂率标准乳的产量便为：0.4×20+15×20×0.032=17.6，该牛所需用于产奶的净能即为17.6个奶牛能量单位。

城市岸泊：城市的岸泊，生活的小镇生活之美不缺少，在于发现情趣不在于奢华，在于精彩生活有了美感才值得思考玫瑰庄园：山地生态，健康人生卓越地段，超大社区一种完整且完善的环境，像原生一样和谐原生景象自然天成人本理念精品建筑知名物业智能安防诚信为本实力铸造比华利山庄：海岸生活——引领世界的生活方式海岸生活——22公里的奢华海岸生活——高尚人生的序曲海岸生活——人与自然的融合苹果二十二院街：人文自然现代铺的蔓伸荣和山水美地：让世界向往的故乡香港时代：时代精英开拓未来领衔建筑，彰显尊贵绿地崴廉公寓：金桥40万平方米德国音乐艺术生活汇都国际：昆明都心，城市引擎财富之都风情之都梦幻之都文化之都商贸之都西部首座巨型商业之城颠峰商圈的原动力，缔造西部财富新领地新江湾城：绿色生态港国际智慧城新江湾城，一座承载上海新梦想的城区上海城投，全心以赴建设知识型，生态型花园城区风和日丽：入住准现楼，升值在望湾区大户，空中花园大格局下的西海岸市中心：市中心少数人的专属颠峰珍贵市中心的稀世名宅正中心城市颠峰领地颠峰勾勒稀世名宅繁华不落幕的居家风景地利皇者尽得先机稀世经典180席阳光国际公寓：阳光金桥来自纽约的生活蓝本钟宅湾：海峡西岸生态人居休闲商务区汇聚国际财富与人居梦想的绝版宝地二十一世纪是城市的世纪，二十一世纪也是海洋的世纪谁控制了海洋，谁就控制了一切站在蓝色海岸的前沿，开启一个新的地产时代东南门户海湾之心海峡西岸生态人居休闲商务区让所有财富的目光聚集钟宅湾，这里每一天都在创造历史上海A座（科维大厦）：创富人生的黄金眼掘金上海！创富人生！远东大厦：花小公司的钱，做大公司的事未来城：无可挑战的优势无可限量的空间绿地集团：居住问题的答疑者，舒适生活的提案人茶马驿栈：精明置业时机享受附加值财富最大化雪山下的世外桃源茶马古道上千年清泉之乡金地格林春岸：城市精英的梦想家园繁华与宁静共存，阔绰身份不显自露建筑覆盖率仅20%，令视野更为广阔占据最佳景观位置，用高度提炼生活完美演绎自然精髓，谱写古城新篇章创新房型推陈出新，阔气空间彰显不凡365天的贴身护卫，阔度管理以您为尊金地格林小城：心无界，身无界春光永驻童话之城我的家，我的天下东渡国际：梦想建筑，建筑梦想齐鲁置业：传承经典，创新生活比天空更宽广的是人的思想创新远见生活嘉德中央公园：一群绝不妥协的居住理想家完成一座改变你对住宅想象的超越作品极至的资源整合丰富住家的生活内涵苛求的建造细节提升住家的生活品质地段优势，就是永恒价值优势设计优势，就是生活质量优势景观优势，就是生命健康优势管理优势，就是生活品味优势空中华尔兹：自然而来的气质，华尔兹的生活等级享受，没有不可逾越的极限所谓完美的习惯，是舒适空间的心情定格！临江花园：经典生活品质风景中的舞台美林别墅：源欧美经典纯自然空间住原味别墅赏园林艺术淡雅怡景温馨自然钱江时代：核心时代，核心生活核心位置创意空间优雅规划人文景观财富未来城市精神，自然风景，渗透私人空间泰达时尚广场：是球场更是剧场城市经济活力源时尚天津水舞中国未来都会休闲之居创意时尚天天嘉年华健康快乐新境界商旅新天地缔造好生意城市运营战略联盟，参与协作，多方共赢华龙碧水豪园：浪漫一次，相守一生东方莱茵：品鉴品位宜家宜人建筑一道贵族色彩品鉴一方美学空间品位一份怡然自得荡漾一股生命活力坐拥一处旺地静宅体会一种尊崇感受常青花园（新康苑）：新康苑生活感受凌驾常规大非凡生活领域成功人士的生活礼遇拥有与自己身份地位相等的花园社区在属于自己的宴会餐厅里会宾邀朋只与自己品味爱好相同的成功人士为邻孩子的起步就与优越同步酒店式物管礼遇拥有[一屋两公园前后是氧吧]的美极环境CityCoastPark:thecity"sshorepark,smalltownlifeBeautyofLifeisnoshortageof,todiscoverSexisnotluxurious,isthewonderfulWiththebeautyoflifeonlyworthconsidering......RoseHall:Mountainecology,healthylifeExcellentlocation,largecommunityAcompleteandperfectenvironment,thesameharmonyasthenativeNaturalnessofnativescenePeople-orientedboutiquebuildingWell-knownpropertySmartSecurityFaith-basedstrengthofcastBeverlyHills:Marinelife-toleadtheworld"swayoflifeCoastalLiving-22kilometersofluxuryLivingCoasts-apreludetoanoblelife,MarineLife-theintegrationofmanandnatureApple"s22HouseStreet:TheHumanNatureofModernManstretchingShopRongandlandscapes,andtheUnitedStatesto:LettheworldaspiretohomeHongKongAge:AgeelitetoopenupfutureLedarchitecture,highlightingthedistinguishedWeiLianGreenApartments:Jinqiao400,000squaremetersoflivinginGermanyMusicandArtMeetingbothInternational:Kunming,everyone"sheart,cityengineCapitalofCultureCapitalofthewealthofDreamsDuCommerceCapitalofCultureXiBu"sfirstmega-cityofcommercePeakofthedrivingforcebehindbusinessdistrictandcreatewealthinwesternNewTerritoriesNewJiangwanCity:GreenEcologicalCity,HongKongInternationalIntellectualNewJiangwanCity,acitythathoststheShanghaiNewdreamShanghaiCitycastanddevoteherselftogotoConstructionofaknowledge-based,eco-gardencitySunny:Check-inpotentialisbuilding,theappreciationofsightBayAreabig,skygardensPatternundertheWestCoastCity:CityofminoritiesexclusivePreciousdowntownrarepeakHousesArecentralcitypeakTerritory

1、冷却作用水是通过冷却作用将火扑灭的，水是一种比热容较大的物质，当水喷洒在燃烧物上时，会通过水或者水汽的形式吸取大量的热量，而且使燃烧物质的温度迅速降低，有利于扑灭火源。2、窒息作用水是通过窒息作用将火扑灭，用水灭火时会使其形成大量的水蒸气体，从而阻止空气进入燃烧区域，而火焰的燃烧需要大量的氧气，当周围空气中的氧气消耗完后火焰即可自行灭掉。3、冲击作用水是通过冲击作用将火扑灭，水灭火的过程中不仅包含化学反应，同时也有物理因素，水在扑向火焰时会产生极大的冲击力，从而利用水流形式将火焰进行中断，从而到达灭火的效果。

公式中的e叫自然常数，也叫欧拉数，e=2.71828…。e是个很神秘的数字，它是“自然律”的精髓，其中暗藏着自然增长的奥秘，它的图形表达是旋涡形的螺线。 e = 1 + 1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! + 1/5! + 1/6! + 1/7! + … = 1 + 1 + 1/2 + 1/6 + 1/24 + 1/120+ … ≈ 2.71828 bp基本原理是： 利用前向传播最后输出的结果来计算误差的偏导数，再用这个偏导数和前面的隐藏层进行加权求和，如此一层一层的向后传下去，直到输入层(不计算输入层)，最后利用每个节点求出的偏导数来更新权重。 注意：隐藏层和输出层的值，都需要前一层加权求和之后 再代入激活函数 获得。 残差(error term) : 表示误差的偏导数 （注意：激活函数的导数中代入的值是前一层的加权值） 如果输出层用Purelin作激活函数，Purelin的导数是1，输出层→隐藏层：残差 = -(输出值-样本值) 如果用Sigmoid(logsig)作激活函数，那么： Sigmoid导数 = Sigmoid*(1-Sigmoid) （Sigmoid指的是Sigmoid函数代入前一层的加权值得到的值，即输出值） 输出层→隐藏层： 残差 = -(输出值-样本值) * Sigmoid*(1-Sigmoid) = -(输出值-样本值)输出值(1-输出值) 隐藏层→隐藏层： 残差 = (右层每个节点的残差加权求和)* 当前节点的Sigmoid*(1-当前节点的Sigmoid) 如果用tansig作激活函数，那么：tansig导数 = 1 - tansig^2 残差全部计算好后，就可以更新权重了： 学习率是一个预先设置好的参数，用于控制每次更新的幅度。 此后，对全部数据都反复进行这样的计算，直到输出的误差达到一个很小的值为止。 这里介绍的是计算完一条记录，就马上更新权重，以后每计算完一条都即时更新权重。实际上批量更新的效果会更好，方法是在不更新权重的情况下，把记录集的每条记录都算过一遍，把要更新的增值全部累加起来求平均值，然后利用这个平均值来更新一次权重，然后利用更新后的权重进行下一轮的计算，这种方法叫批量梯度下降(Batch Gradient Descent)。

　　广告语是房地产广告的核心;从语言学上看，语言音节整齐对称、韵脚和谐统一、多种修辞手法的运用，有利于广告语的接受与传播。下面由我为你分享房地产经典广告语的相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助。 　　房地产经典广告语欣赏： 　　从文化理念上看，房地产广告语渗透著特定的文化价值观，这既出自房地产商的宣传定位，也反应是的所主张的价值多元性，它在房地产获得社会认同中起着明细的作用。下面我们来看看一些经典的广告语。 　　一、地铁概念 　　地铁是一个城市最高效的交通工具，它是一个城市高度发达的标志，也是一个城市经济实力的象征。地铁的修建，能将城市土地的利用率大幅度提高，能够加速城区的建设，加快人们的生活节奏，缩短城郊的距离，减弱城郊的差异性。地铁沿线将成为人流、物流、资金流、资讯流强度最大的地段。一般地铁的线路规划，总是将交通枢纽和城市黄金地带联络起来，诸多商业金融区、政治文化区和大型社群串联成紧密的黄金商业线。 　　地铁网路时代，繁华都市生活; 　　地铁通到家门口——彩福大厦 　　东门真正地铁上盖大商场;势作东门平价铺王——新2000年广场 　　地铁上盖往来如风——富怡雅居 　　地铁—畅通无阻大干线——天安高尔夫海景花园 　　未来人流、物流、经济流汇棸之地，地铁上盖升值在即——保利城花园 　　二、海景概念 　　海洋以其博大的胸怀、壮观的景色给人类带来诱惑和渴望。人们对拥有海景居住环境有着强烈的欲望。现代工业文明破坏了原有的生态环境，人们厌倦了都市的摩天大楼和车马喧哗，渴望返朴归真，于是大海成了人们的好去处。深圳位于南海边，地理位置得天独厚，海景概念自然被地产商利用得淋漓尽致。 　　让你看海直到永远——海滨广场 　　华侨城顶级全海景花园——锦绣花园 　　21世纪智慧型海景豪宅——汇景豪苑 　　海景无限优美，居家赏心悦目——锦隆花园 　　深圳维多利亚式全海景高层豪宅——京光海景花园 　　醉人的海韵情怀，尊贵的欧陆风情——御海湾山庄 　　纯正欧美海岸度假景观，坐拥欧美海滨别墅，俯瞰大海超然人生——金海滩度假别墅 　　宽广花园环境，无限开阔海景——金海湾花园 　　轻柔海风，宁静家园——碧海天 　　三、绿色健康概念 　　21世纪是绿色的世界，生命源于绿色，也必将走向自然。随着人们生活水平的提高，人类对生活的要求也越来越高，人们不仅仅满足温饱的需求，还要追求一种绿色健康生活。这是一种时尚的表现，阳光翠鸣，绿意盎然，仿佛不懂得享受大自然的绿色便不是过著健康的生活。 　　大自然里的温馨家园——半岛苑 　　21世纪健康家园——汇锦名园 　　澳洲山庄，给您长寿20年——澳洲山庄 　　健康就在家门口——广州奥林匹克花园 　　阳光、沙滩、海浪、仙人掌、还有一片红树林——爱琴居 　　阳光灿烂的日子——中城康桥花园 　　市中心超规模度假式园林社群——云顶翠峰 　　都市里的田园度假村——中海怡翠山庄赛乐园 　　观山听雨翠雅居，明月无声入梦来——翠雅居

水的灭火原理是冷却和窒息。水可以将温度降到着火点一下，可燃物的存在、温度达到着火点和与氧气充分接触是着火的三大要素。第一个原因是水的比热容大，同时大量充足的水分也可以起到隔绝氧气的作用，可以很快速的把着火点的温度降下来，所以用水灭火的效果非常显着。此外水能够稀释空气中的含氧量，使得火情减小，火焰无法继续燃烧。常见的灭火原理：1、冷却灭火对于可燃固体，将其冷却在燃点以下；对于可燃液体，将其冷却在闪点以下，燃烧反应就可能会中止。用水扑灭一般固体物质引起的火灾，主要是通过冷却作用来实现的，水具有较大的比热容和很高的汽化热，冷却性能很好。2、隔离灭火例如，自动喷水泡沫联用系统在喷水的同时喷出泡沫，泡沫覆盖于燃烧液体或固体的表面，在发挥冷却作用的同时，将可燃物与空气隔开，从而可以灭火。3、窒息灭火可燃物的燃烧是氧化作用，需要在最低氧浓度以上才能进行，低于最低氧浓度，燃烧不能进行，火灾即被扑灭。一般氧浓度低于15％时，就不能维持燃烧。在着火场所内，可以通过灌注不燃气体，如二氧化碳、氮气、蒸汽（水喷雾）等，来降低空间的氧浓度，从而达到窒息灭火。4、化学抑制灭火由于有焰燃烧是通过链式反应进行的，如果能有效地抑制自由基的产生或降低火焰中的自由基浓度，即可使燃烧中止。

成年母牛的维持需要，根据体重和泌乳周期而不同。下表数据是不同体重状态下，成年母牛几种主要营养的维持需要标准。但对第一个泌乳期的母牛，维持需要应增加20%；第二个泌乳期，应增加10%；放牧饲养的母牛，应增加20%左右的能量需要；在环境温度过高或过低时，也要增加20%左右的能量需要（因母牛能量消耗增加）；在母牛泌乳期，母牛每增重1千克，相应增加8NND和500克粗蛋白质的营养供给；体重每减少1千克，则应扣除6.55NND和385克粗蛋白质供给。成年母牛（维持）的营养需要体重（千克） 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700干物质（千克） 5.02 5.55 6.06 6.56 7.04 7.54 7.93 8.44奶牛能量单位（NND） 9.17 10.13 11.07 11.97 12.88 13.73 14.59 15.43产奶净能 （兆焦） 28.79 31.8 34.73 37.57 40.38 43.10 45.77 48.41（兆卡） 6.88 7.60 8.30 8.98 9.65 10.30 10.94 11.57可消化粗蛋白质（DCP，克） 243 268 296 317 341 364 386 408粗蛋白质（CP，克） 374 413 451 488 524 559 594 628钙（克） 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42磷（克） 16 18 20 22 25 27 30 32胡萝卜素（毫克） 37 42 48 53 58 64 69 74维生素A（千国际单位） 15 17 19 21 23 26 28 30