如何理解下面句子?where仍等于in which?

ingredient: 混合物的组成部分，配料constituent: 成分，组成物。constituent和component 多指机械装置的组成部分。

ingredient form china中国成分ingredient 英[u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt]美[u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt]n. 因素; （混合物的） 组成部分; （烹调的） 原料; （构成） 要素;[网络] 构成; 组成; 佐料;[例句]Mix in the remaining ingredients.混入其余的原料。[其他] 复数：ingredients 形近词： isogredient cogredient contragredient

in+gre+di+ent。类似这样的拆词法

ingredient是材料relish是开胃的东西

成分原料因素的意思，可分开背in/gre/dient

ingredientRice is the main ingredient to make rice noodles.制造米粉的主要原料是米。

食材-Ingredient1. 简介食材是指用来烹调和制作食品的原材料，通常是指动物、植物或矿物等自然产物。食材的质量直接关系到食品的质量和口感，选用高质量的食材可以保证鲜美可口的食品。本文将介绍一些常见的食材及其特点。2. 水果-Fruit水果是指带有种子的甜味食物，通常在成熟期时才采摘食用。水果不仅口感好，而且富含维生素、矿物质和纤维素等营养成分，有助于促进人体健康。常见的水果有苹果、梨、香蕉、柑橘等。3. 肉类-Meat肉类是指来源于动物的食物，包括牛肉、羊肉、猪肉、鸡肉等。肉类含有丰富的蛋白质、铁、锌等营养成分，对于人体的生长发育和免疫力提高有着重要的作用。在烹调过程中，肉类可以使用煮、炒、烤、炸等多种方式。4. 蔬菜-Vegetable蔬菜是指来源于植物的绿色植物，含有丰富的维生素、矿物质和纤维素等营养成分。常见的蔬菜有西红柿、黄瓜、白菜、萝卜等，可以通过生食、清蒸、炒、煮等方式烹调。5. 谷物-Grain谷物是指来源于植物的粮食，如大米、小麦、玉米、燕麦等。谷物含有丰富的碳水化合物、纤维素等营养成分，是人体能量的重要来源。烹调谷物可以通过蒸、煮、烤等方式进行。6. 牛奶-Milk牛奶是指来源于母牛的乳汁，含有丰富的蛋白质、钙、维生素等营养成分。牛奶可以单独饮用，也可以加入麦片、果汁等调制成不同口味的饮品。在烹调中，牛奶可以做为调味品，如用于制作奶油、奶酪等。7. 调味料-Seasoning调味料是指用来提升食品口感和营养价值的辅助原料，如盐、酱油、醋、料酒等。适量地使用调味料可以让食品更加鲜美，但过量使用会影响健康。使用调味料的方法不仅有加入烹调过程中，还可以作为蘸料、浇头、汁料等使用。8. 结语以上是常见的食材及其特点，使用不同的烹调方式可以发挥出它们最好的口感和营养。在选购食材时，要注意食材的质量和保存方法，以保证食品的质量。

ingredient 成分，原料，配料，因素（可数名词）There is a list of ingredients on the side of the packet.包装袋的边上印有所含配料表。mutton 羊肉 （不可数名词）People like to have mutton in the winter.冬天人们喜欢吃羊肉。cabbage 卷心菜，洋白菜（不可数名词）Best buy of the week are carrot and cabbage, which are plentiful and cheap.本星期买胡萝卜和洋白菜最合算，因货源充足，价格低廉。

八年级。Ingredient出现在人教版初二（八年级）英语单词表七单元中，是（烹调用的）材料、原料、成份的意思。例句：Akeyingredientinthiscreamycurryisbasilpowder。意思是这种奶油咖喱的关键成分是罗勒粉。

【同】component,constituent,ingredient 【辨析】element系常用词,可用于物质的、非物质的、有形的或无形的东西,适用于“一物的任一部分”,如: Words are the elements of a sentence.词是句子的组成部分. component指“一物的组成部分”,如: A chemist can seperate a medicine into its components. 化学家能把一种药物的各种成分分解出来. constituent指“一事物的一组成部分”,还可指“以之形成一复杂事物的整体”,如 There are three great constituents of modern education - the classics,modern history and literature,and science. 现代教育有三大内容 - 古典文学、现代历史和文学、以及自然科学. ingredient 常指“混合在一起准备做食物的配料、成分”如: the ingredients of ice cream冰淇淋的各种

ingredient 是成分,constituent 一般是组成部分 . ingredient一般在烹调、和药剂等方面应用,你用XX调制成某些东西. constituent 则常常反过来用,是某些东西在先,然后看里面的组合部分.可以形容人. ingredient 不可以形容人.

看具体情况。1. Molasses is not an easy ingredient to mix into concentrated feeds . 糖蜜作为一种饲料成分与精料混合并不容易。 2.The second essential ingredient for quantum computing is the ability to manipulate a single qubit . 量子计算的第二个关键要素，是必须有操纵单一量子位元的能力。 也有连of的：3."The program re-enacts every key ingredient of the American path to fortune, "

其实呢，这里是把ingredient看做成一个整体，虽然他是可数名词并且加了s，但还是看作为一个，用it，因此B D不对，其次，我们一般在主观意识上将宾语放在mix和up之间，所以C也不对。因此就用A了。其实这是课文中的原句，用心背一下课文就好了！加油！

填ingredient,因为题目是与食物关的成份,即配料,所以常用ingredient. 而constituent虽然也有成份的意思,但这是与食物没关的成份,如化合物的成份或句子的成份等.

recipe / u02c8resu0259pu026a; ˋru025bsu0259pu026a/ n ~ (for sth) set of instructions for preparing a food dish, including the ingredients required 烹饪法; 食谱: [attrib 作定语] recipe books, cards 烹饪书﹑ 食谱卡片. ~ for sth (fig 比喻) method of achieving sth 方法; 秘诀; 诀窍: What is your recipe for success? 你取得成功有什麽窍门? * His plans are a recipe for (ie are likely to lead to) disaster. 他的计画後患无穷.cookbook cook.book[`kJku02ccbJk; ˋkukbuk]可数名词1 (美)食谱 ((英)cookery book)2 ‘喻"详细的说明书ingredient / u026anu02c8griu02d0du026au0259nt; u026anˋɡridu026au0259nt/ n any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish （烹调用的）材料, 原料, 成分: the ingredients of a cake 蛋糕的原料 * Mix all the ingredients in a bowl. 将原料放在盆里调匀. (fig 比喻) any of the qualities of which sth is made 因素; 要素; 组分; 成分: the ingredients of a/sb"s character, of success, of happiness, etc 某人性格的一方面﹑ 成功的要素﹑ 幸福的因素.menu / u02c8menjuu02d0; ˋmu025bnju/ n list of dishes available at a restaurant or to be served at a meal 菜单: What"s on the menu tonight? 今晚的菜单上有什麽菜? * Fish has been taken off the menu. 菜单上已把鱼取消了. (computing 计) list of options from which a user can choose, displayed on a computer screen （荧光屏上显示的）项目单, 选择单.

ingredient[英][u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt][美][u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt]n.因素; （混合物的）组成部分; （烹调的）原料; （构成）要素; 复数：ingredients例句:1.Mix all the dry ingredients together with the lamb mince. 将所有的原料与羔羊肉混合在一起。2.May be you are allergic to some ingredients in it. 可能你对这种面霜中的某种成分过敏。

孩子，material 指材料，原料 （有他就行了）ingredient 则一般指配料（有他还不行，还需要别的）

milk 不可数 shake可数 shake不可数

高中生可以尝试词根词缀的记忆方法但是最重要的是这个词的意思怎么切合到这个词根词缀上要自圆其说，不能生硬。但是基本上会和偏旁部首一样，至少会提示你联想起或猜测单词的意思。有些谐音记也可，但是缺点就是会把你的发音带跑。所以了，没有适合所有人的方法，但是词根词缀也确实是最有效的记忆方法。建议到高中阶段可以尝试。adore，可以记作"一道儿‘。我这还有一些资料，你可以留邮箱

ingredience

ingredient[英][u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt][美][u026anu02c8gri:diu0259nt]n.因素; （混合物的）组成部分; （烹调的）原料; （构成）要素; 复数：ingredients例句:1.Iron ore is the main ingredient in steel. 铁矿石是生产钢铁的主要原料。

ingredient的意思：n.（烹调用的）原料，成分；（构成某物的）要素，因素。同义词：1、component：n.组成部分；成分；零件；部件；元件；分量；（向量）投影；组分。adj.组成的；构成的。2、constituent：n.成分；要素；构成部分；（选区的）选民；委托人；成分；结构成分。adj.组成的；构成的；有能力组成政府的；有组阁权的；有宪法制定权的；组成联盟的。3、element：n.（化学）元素；（局势、活动、过程中的）要素；小队；分队；小组；少量；成分；意味；一群人；一组人；分子；（动植物生长的）适宜环境；电热丝；电热元件；要素（古代西方哲学中认为土、风、水、火是构成宇宙的四大物质）；自然力；天气；元素（构成几何图形的点、线、面或其他部分）4、fixings：紧固件；嵌固件；调味料；配料。例句：1、If there are duplicates of some ingredient, they"ll simply try different dishes.如果配料有重复的话，他们就会尝试不同的菜肴。2、Speed is the essential ingredient of all athletics.速度是所有田径运动项目的关键要素。3、the magic ingredient that helps to keep skin looking smooth.使皮肤保持光洁的神奇成分。4、Dioxin was the ingredient in Agent Orange, used to defoliate Vietnam.二恶英是药剂橙的成分，在越南战场上被用于毁灭林区。

lngredients成分双语对照词典结果：ingredients[英][u026au014b"ri:du026au0259nts][美][u026au014b"ri:du026arnts]n.（混合物的）组成部分( ingredient的名词复数 ); （烹调的）原料; （构成）要素; 因素; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.Rather than wring our hands, we were expanding our portfolio to include fair trade ingredients. 我们没有束手无策，开始拓展产品内容，增加了“公平贸易”（Fair Trade）成分。

因子:基本含义为"元素、因素、成分"，对应的英文为:factor;agent;ingredient。假如整数n除以m，结果是无余数的整数，那么我们称m就是n的因子。 需要注意的是，唯有被除数，除数，商皆为整数，余数为零时，此关系才成立。反过来说，我们称n为m的倍数。

因子可理解为元素（factor）、因素（agent）、成分（ingredient）。生物含义：DNA基因片段所产生的物质数学用法：可以整除的数是被除数的因子农业术语：对农作物产量提高有用的有益成分

ingredient for 不是固定搭配，但是可以这么使用，也没有ingredient of 这个搭配

原材料100

main material

pi：活性医药物成分（activepharmaceuticalingredient）原料药（activepharmaceuticalingredients）：指的是药物活性成分，也就是我们通常所说的原料药。原料药在q7a中的完善定义：旨在用于药品制造中的任何一种物质或物质的混合物，而且在用于制药时，成为药品的一种活性成分。此种物质在疾病的诊断，治疗，症状缓解，处理或疾病的预防中有药理活性或其他直接作用，或者能影响机体的功能或结构。

调料的英文是什么？ seasoning; condiment; flavouring（都是用法不一样，样例已在下方，黑体部分为同怿） 1.将剩下的 调料 淋在鸭肉和色拉上。 Drizzle the remaining dressing over the duck and salad 2.用橄榄油调味料。这酱油用蘑菇作调料。Reaching for the olive-oil dressing. This sauce uses mushroom as its seasoning. 3.以使菜肴更加松软可口。烹调时用了本 调料，菜肴更加鲜美可口。 More delicious dishes you"ll get when you cook with this condiment 4. 可做成糖果，配制饮料，用作 调料 或各种糖果和焙烤食品的外壳。 It is consumed as candy, used to make beverages, and added as a flavouring orcoating for confections and baked products. 调料用英语怎么说 seasoning ["sizu0259niu014b] condim供nt["ku0254ndimu0259nt] 调味料英语怎么说 新闻 seasonings/flavorings: 通常是在烹饪过程中加的调料, 比如酱醋辣椒粉之类。 condiments: 通常是食物做好之后才用的佐料，比如用来蘸着吃之类的东西。 个人感觉是这样。 调制调料，就是吃饺子的时候吃的那种调料，用英文怎么说？ 调制调料 blend the seasonings 调料 可以用 seasonings, spices, condiments 如果答案对亲有所帮助请采纳予以鼓励! 如果有疑问欢迎追问... 各种调味品的英文 醋 vinegar 酱油 soy sauce 盐 salt 加碘盐 iodized salt 糖 sugar 沙拉 salad 辣椒 hot pepper 胡椒 pepper 色拉油salad oil 冰糖 rock sugar 芝麻 sesame 枸杞medlar 面粉 flour 咖喱粉curry 番茄酱 catsup 葱 shallot 姜 ginger 蒜 garlic 配料用英语怎么说？ ingredient 作料用英语怎么说 作料 condiments；seasoning更多释义>> [网络短语] 作料 Seasoning;condiment;spices 作料调配 the blending of seasoning 作料碟 relish dish 配料用英文怎么说 ingredient

主要的调料

When I was a primary school student, my family and I took a trip to five cities which were in the south of China. First, we came to Nanjing by plane. That was the first time I had taken the plane and it took us an hour and a half to get there. We arrived in Nanjing in the morning. At 11:30 we went to a restaurant to have lunch. The food tasted delicious. In the afternoon we went to “Zhongshanling”. It was the place that preserve the tomb of Mr. Sugshan. The next day, we came to Wuxi and then Suzhou where we visited the region of rivers and lakes of “周庄”. It was a beautiful and old place. The house there were along the river and the women always washed clothes at the bank.The fourth day, we came to Hangzhou where We visited “The West Lake. It was very beautiful and the water was clear . As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for silk and tea, so we bought some beautiful silk and famous tea of “龙井”.The last place that we visited was Shanghai. It was one of the biggest city is China. The night view in Shanghai was more beautiful than Beijing. We visited the TV tower of “东方明珠”. It was the third tallest tower in the world. Standing in the tower you could see the whole city. In the evening, we lived in a hotel with 25 floors. I was very excited that evening. This trip took us seven days and we went back to Beijing by plane. The plane was very very big. There were three engine rooms. I felt happy and I would never forget the trip.

【答案】：B本题是对名词的考查。题干：许多厨师都坚持食物原料的最高质量。题干划线词ingredient意为“原料，成分”。四个选项：structure意为“结构，构造”，material意为“材料，物质”，section意为“部分，部门”，branch意为“树枝，分支”，因此正确选项为B。

请在此输入您的回答，每一次专业解答都将打造您的权威形象active ingredients有效成分； 活性成分双语例句 原声例句 权威例句1.If you see a guy looking distraught while comparing the active ingredients ofvarious toothpastes, look again. That might be me. 如果你看到一个抓狂的家伙正在比较不同牙膏的活性成分，仔细看一眼，那说不定就是我。2.Counterfeit drugs sold with intentional deception — not to be confused withlegitimate generic drugs — often lack active ingredients, or actually contain toxicmixtures. 故意欺骗出售的假药——这不能与合法的仿制药混淆——常常缺少活性成分 ，或者实际上含有有毒的混合物。

你好,为你解答,正确答案为：active ingredient有效成分；活性成分；有效成份；活性成份1. The active ingredient in some of the mouthwashes was simply detergent. 某些漱口剂中的有效成分只不过是洗涤剂而已。来自柯林斯例句2. Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in painkillers such as Tylenol. 在止痛药如泰诺林对乙酰氨基酚是其活性成分.来自互联网3. Commonly prescribed are anti - microbial mouthwashes containing the active ingredientchlorhexidine gluconate. 抗菌抗菌漱口水都包含有效成分--太葡糖酸盐.来自互联网4. The active ingredient of α - pyrone 0.2 % wettable powder is 5,6 - dihydro - 6 - pentyl - 2 H - pyran - 2 - one. 0.2%α - 吡喃酮WP的 有效成分为5, 6- 二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃 -2- 酮(5, 6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one ).来自互联网5. Search by Drug Name, Active ingredient, Application Number, Dosage form , Strength. 简单搜索--查询药品名称, 活性成分, 申请号, 剂型或给药途径,剂量规格.很高兴为您解答祝你生活愉快，学习进步如果你对这个答案有什么疑问，请追问如果满意记得采纳哦·~~

Ingredient Statement中文名：成分表具体你可以买一本《香精香料生产技术问答》http://youa.baidu.com/item/8249623264c41a46303d5ae7

ingredient,原料、配料、要素、成份；Minor ingredient,辅料。

正解，介词短语in happiness是名词ingredient的后置定语。

bases就这个单词就可以了。。

翻译1：You"re the only one for me. 翻译2：There"s only you in my life.

over-moulded中的moulded也可以写成molded over-molded的意思有： 1.超模压 2.过压成型 3.在一起再包覆成型

first意思是第一，首先，所以firstname就是名字的前面。last意思是最后，lastname是名字的后半部分，外国人先说名，后说姓，所以，firstname是名，也就是givenname.lastname是姓，也就是familyname.

法律主观：1、应聘担任法律顾问：担任本辖区的乡镇、街道政府及其各行政管理部门、村民委员会、乡镇企业、事业单位、农村承包经营户、个体工商户、私营企业、个人合伙组织及公民的法律顾问; 2、 代理 参加民事、经济、行政 诉讼 ; 3、代理非诉讼法律事务：审查合同、协议、章程等法律服务文书，参与协商和谈判，参与协调、仲裁活动，申请行政复议，代理合作、担保、 分家析产 等单项民事、经济法律事务等; 4、主持调解纠纷、经济、 劳动争议 、生产经营性纠纷及具有财产利益性质的民间纠纷; 5、解答咨询：解答法律问题、各项具体法律事务的方法和途径及政策咨询; 6、代写法律事务文书：诉讼法律事务、非诉讼法律事务及其他有法律意义的文书; 7、协助办理公证：协助开展证前服务、办理公证申请、办证过程中的有关事项及证后服务; 8、办理鉴证：在积极开展协办公证业务的基础上，应当事人的申请，可以对一些内容单一、权责明确、标的额小、履行期短的协议或合同给予审查和证明，并监督协议或合同的履行; 9、协助司法助理员开展法制宣传教育和其他有关业务工作。 个人或者公司企业在涉及到需要法律服务时，可以就相关情况签订 服务合同 。有关 印花税 的缴纳范围在法律上也有明确的规定，一般情况下应当严格按照法律规定的范围缴纳，而法律服务是不需要缴纳印花税的，具体情况应当由税务部门来认定。法律客观：《公司法》第十二条公司的经营范围由公司章程规定，并依法登记。公司可以修改公司章程，改变经营范围，但是应当办理变更登记。公司的经营范围中属于法律、行政法规规定须经批准的项目，应当依法经过批准。

Our main business is not to see what lies dimly at a distance,but to do what lies clearly at hand.

over-moulded中的moulded也可以写成molded over-molded的意思有： 1.超模压 2.过压成型 3.在一起再包覆成型

make push

公共法律服务是指由政府主导，司法行政部门统筹提供，旨在保障公民基本权利，维护人民群众合法权益，实现社会公平正义和保障人民安居乐业所必需的法律服务。具体包括：开展公益性法律顾问、法律咨询、公证、人民调解和安置帮教等法律服务；为经济困难和特殊案件当事人提供法律援助；为全民提供法律知识普及教育和法治文化活动。按照政府主导、城乡一体、服务均等、因地制宜的原则，努力建设功能完备的公共法律服务体系。2015年，公共法律服务体系建设全面铺开。到2017年底，全区形成供给充分、保障有力、管理规范、运行高效、覆盖城乡居民的公共法律服务体系。实现公共法律服务设施网络全面覆盖、互联互通，公共法律服务事项全面、形式丰富，管理、运行和保障机制完善，服务质量显著提升，服务均等化水平稳步提高。形成政府、社会、市场共同参与公共法律服务体系建设的格局，使人民群众基本法律权益得到更好保障。什么是法律服务法律服务是指律师、非律师法律工作者、法律专业人士(包括法人内部在职人员、退、离休政法人员等)或相关机构以其法律知识和技能为法人或自然人实现其正当权益、提高经济效益、排除不法侵害、防范法律风险、维护自身合法权益而提供的专业活动。法律依据：《司法部关于推进公共法律服务体系建设的意见》第一条规定：公共法律服务，是指由司法行政机关统筹提供，旨在保障公民基本权利，维护人民群众合法权益，实现社会公平正义和保障人民安居乐业所必需的法律服务，是公共服务的重要组成部分。具体包括：为全民提供法律知识普及教育和法治文化活动；为经济困难和特殊案件当事人提供法律援助；开展公益性法律顾问、法律咨询、辩护、代理、公证、司法鉴定等法律服务；预防和化解民间纠纷的人民调解活动等。

努力，hard

O-H键长0.82埃，H-O-H键角104.5度，1埃等于0.1纳米，算算好像水分子的直径好像到不了0.4埃。下面的计算方法好像忽略了水分子之间的间隙算出来的可能是大概值。只是推测，共同探讨。再说纳滤膜的孔径是1纳米，反渗透的孔径是小于1纳米，精度是0.1纳米，也就是说0.1~1之间。已知水的密度ρ=1.0×10^3kg／mol，阿伏加德罗常数为NA=6.023×10^23／mol水的摩尔质量为18×10^-3kg／mol。 因此可求出一分子水的体积。18×10^-3kg／mol÷1.0×10^3kg／mol÷（6.023×10^23）≈2.989×10^-29根据体积公式4/3πR^3，则：4/3πR^3=2.989×10^-29，求出一分子水分子直径约1.925×10^-9m。

History of the chairMain article: History of the chairThe chair is of extreme antiquity, although for many centuries and indeed for thousands of years it was an article of state and dignity rather than an article of ordinary use. "The chair" is still extensively used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons in the United Kingdom and Canada, and in public meetings. It was not, in fact, until the 16th century that it became common anywhere. The chest, the bench and the stool were until then the ordinary seats of everyday life, and the number of chairs which have survived from an earlier date is exceedingly limited; most of such examples are of ecclesiastical or seigneurial origin. Our knowledge of the chairs of remote antiquity is derived almost entirely from monuments, sculpture and paintings. A few actual examples exist in the British Museum, in the Egyptian museum at Cairo, and elsewhere.In ancient Asia chairs appear to have been of great richness and splendor[citation needed]. Fashioned of ebony and ivory, or of carved and gilded wood, they were covered with costly materials and supported upon representations of the legs of beasts or the figures of captives. The earliest known form of Greek chair, going back to five or six centuries before Christ, had a back but stood straight up, front and back. During Tang dynasty (618 - 907 AD), a higher seat first started to appear amongst the Chinese elite and their usage soon spread to all levels of society. By the 12th century seating on the floor was rare in China, unlike in other Asian countries where the custom continued, and the chair, or more commonly the stool, was used in the vast majority of houses throughout the country.In Africa, it was owing in great measure to the Bull War that the chair ceased to be a privilege of state, and became the customary companion of whoever could afford to buy it. Once the idea of privilege faded the chair speedily came into general use. We find almost at once that the chair began to change every few years to reflect the fashions of the hour.The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in chair construction with such things as all-metal folding chairs, metal-legged chairs, the Slumber Chair, moulded plastic chairs and ergonomic chairs. The recliner became a popular form, at least in part due to radio and television, and later a two-part. The modern movement of the 1960s produced new forms of chairs: the butterfly chair, bean bags, and the egg-shaped pod chair. Technological advances led to molded plywood and wood laminate chairs, as well as chairs made of leather or polymers. Mechanical technology incorporated into the chair enabled adjustable chairs, especially for office use. Motors embedded in the chair resulted in massage chairs.Design and ergonomicsThis unusual rocking chair is made of rough wood to give it a rustic look.Chair design considers intended usage, ergonomics (how comfortable it is for the occupant), as well as non-ergonomic functional requirements such as size, stack ability, fold ability, weight, durability, stain resistance and artistic design. Intended usage determines the desired seating position. "Task chairs", or any chair intended for people to work at a desk or table, including dining chairs, can only recline very slightly; otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table. Dental chairs are necessarily reclined. Easy chairs for watching television or movies are somewhere in between depending on the height of the screen.Ergonomic designs distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body. A seat that is higher results in dangling feet and increased pressure on the underside of the knees ("popliteal fold"). It may also result in no weight on the feet which means more weight elsewhere. A lower seat may shift too much weight to the "seat bones" ("ischial tuberosities").A reclining seat and back will shift weight to the occupant"s back. This may be more comfortable for some in reducing weight on the seat area, but may be problematic for others who have bad backs. In general, if the occupant is suppose to sit for a long time, weight needs to be taken off the seat area and thus "easy" chairs intended for long periods of sitting are generally at least slightly reclined. However, reclining may not be suitable for chairs intended for work or eating at table.The back of the chair will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight on other parts of the body. In general, backrests come in three heights: Lower back backrests support only the lumbar region. Shoulder height backrests support the entire back and shoulders. Headrests support the head as well and are important in vehicles for preventing "whiplash" neck injuries in rear-end collisions where the head is jerked back suddenly. Reclining chairs typically have at least shoulder height backrests to shift weight to the shoulders instead of just the lower back.Some chairs have foot rests. A stool or other simple chair may have a simple straight or curved bar near the bottom for the sitter to place his/her feet on.A kneeling chair adds an additional body part, the knees, to support the weight of the body. A sit-stand chair distributes most of the weight of the occupant to the feet.ChurchchairsMany chairs are padded or have cushions. Padding can be on the seat of the chair only, on the seat and back, or also on any arm rests and/or foot rest the chair may have. Padding will not shift the weight to different parts of the body (unless the chair is so soft that the shape is altered). However, padding does distribute the weight by increasing the area of contact between the chair and the body. A hard wood chair feels hard because the contact point between the occupant and the chair is small. The same body weight over a smaller area means greater pressure on that area. Spreading the area reduces the pressure at any given point. In lieu of padding, flexible materials, such as wicker, may be used instead with similar effects of distributing the weight. Since most of the body weight is supported in the back of the seat, padding there should be firmer than the front of the seat which only has the weight of the legs to support. Chairs that have padding that is the same density front and back will feel soft in the back area and hard to the underside of the knees.There may be cases where padding is not desirable. For example, in chairs that are intended primarily for outdoor use. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead. A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. By matching the shape of the occupant"s buttocks, weight is distributed and maximum pressure is reduced.Actual chair dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or anthropometric measurements. Individuals may be measured for a custom chair. Anthropometric statistics may be gathered for mass produced chairs. The two most relevant anthropometric measurement for chair design is the popliteal height and buttock popliteal length.For someone seated, the popliteal height is the distance from the underside of the foot to the underside of the thigh at the knees. It is sometimes called the "stool height". (The term "sitting height" is reserved for the height to the top of the head when seated.) For American men, the median popliteal height is 16.3 inches and for American women it is 15.0 inches[1]. The popliteal height, after adjusting for heels, clothing and other issues is used to determine the height of the chair seat. Mass produced chairs are typically 17 inches high.For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back most part of the buttocks to the back of the lower leg. This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth. Mass produced chairs are typically 38-43 cm deep.Additional anthropometric measurements may be relevant to designing a chair. Hip breadth is used for chair width and armrest width. Elbow rest height is used to determine the height of the armrests. The buttock-knee length is used to determine "leg room" between rows of chairs. "Seat pitch" is the distance between rows of seats. In some airplanes and stadiums the seat pitch is so small that sometimes there is insufficient leg room for the average person.For adjustable chairs, such as an office chair, the aforementioned principles are applied in adjusting the chair to the individual occupant.历史上的椅子:历史上的椅子是极其古老, 虽然对许多国家数百年乃至数千年,它是第一个国家与尊严,而非 一篇普通使用. "椅子" ,至今仍广泛地用作会徽管理局在下议院在英国 与加拿大,并在公众集会活动. 它不是,但事实上,直到16世纪,它成了共同的地方. 他的胸部,法官与粪便,直到当时的普通座位日常生活中, 又有多少椅中幸存下来,从日期较早,是极为有限; 大多数的这些例子都是教会或seigneurial原产地. 我们所知的椅子远古是几乎全部来自纪念碑,雕塑和绘画. 数个实例存在,在大英博物馆,在埃及博物馆,在开罗和其他地方. 在古代亚洲椅似乎已非常丰富与辉煌[引文] . 饮茶的乌木,象牙,木雕和镀金木, 他们盖着昂贵的材料和支持经交涉四脚兽或是数字的俘虏. 已知最早的形式希腊椅子,可追溯到五,六百年前,基督 已经回来了,但水量直线上升,前方与后方. 在唐代( 618-907 AD ) ,去 高一坐下便开始出现在中国的精英及其用法很快蔓延到各级 社会. 由12世纪座位的地板上实属罕见,中国 不像其他亚洲国家的习俗继续,而椅子上,或更普遍的大便, 被用在绝大多数的房子在全国各地. 在非洲, 这是由于在很大的程度上的牛战,椅子不再是一种特权的国家, 并成为习惯性伴侣,谁能买得起. 一旦观念淡化特权主持迅速生效一般使用. 我们发现几乎没有一次说,椅子开始出现变化,每隔几年反映了时装的 小时. 20世纪出现了越来越多地使用技术在椅子建设等事情全金属折叠椅, 金属腿的椅子,椅子萧萧,塑料椅和人体工学椅等. 该炉成为一个广受欢迎的形式,至少部分是由于电台和电视台,但后来有两部分组成. 现代运动的六十年代产生新形式的椅子:蝴蝶椅子上,豆袋, 而鸡蛋形吊舱主持会议. 科技进步导致模压胶合板,木材胶椅,以及椅子制成皮革或聚合物. 机械技术纳入椅子,使可调式座椅,特别是办公用. 内置马达在椅子导致按摩椅等. 设计和人体工学的这一不寻常的摇动椅子是用粗木给它一个土气look.chair认为设计 有意使用,工效(如何舒适,是它的主人) ,以及非人体工学功能要求,如尺寸, 堆叠能力,有能力的十倍,重量,耐用性,耐沾污性和艺术设计. 旨在确定使用理想坐姿. "工作椅" ,还是有椅子供人们在工作案头或桌上,包括吃饭用的椅子, 只能横卧很轻微; 否则主人是太远案头或桌上. 椅一定斜卧. 易椅为观看电视或电影,是介于两者之间依靠高度的画面. 符合人体工学设计的分布重量的乘员,以身体的各个部位. 一个席位,但结果偏高,在半空中的脚,并增加压力,底下的膝盖( "腘倍" ) . 它也可能导致无重量的双脚即更重视地方. 较低的席位有可能转向太多重量的"席位的骨头" ( "坐骨结节" ) . 一个斜倚座位及背部将重量转移到主人回来了. 这可能是更舒适一些减肥的座位区, 但可能是一个问题,对别人有不好的装饰品. 一般来说,如果是主人,就算坐了很久, 重量须起飞的座位区,所以"易"椅子打算长时间坐在正 一般来说至少是轻微斜卧. 不过,斜倚未必适合椅子准备工作,还是在吃饭桌上. 后面的椅子会支持一些的重量是占领者, 减轻体重对身体的其它部位. 一般来说,椅背有三大高峰:腰背椅背只支持腰部. 肩膀高度椅背支持整个背部和肩部. 头枕支持头部,并有重要的车辆,为防止"鞭打"颈部受伤,在追尾碰撞中的 头部的选手突然回来. 斜倚椅通常至少有肩膀高度椅背转移重量到肩上,而非仅是降低 回来. 有椅子有脚踏板. 一张凳或其他简单的话,可能有一个简单的直线或弯曲杆靠近底部的爸 把他/她的脚. 一个跪在椅子增添额外的部位,膝盖,以支持体重的身体. 静坐站在椅子派发大部分重量的乘员的脚. churchchairsmany椅子是软垫或海绵. 灌水,可在所在地的只有座椅,在座椅背部 还是任何责任手臂和/或脚休息的椅子都可以. 灌水不要把重量不同的身体部位(除非椅子是这么软, 形状改变) . 不过,灌水并派发重量增加接触面积之间椅子和身体. 硬木椅觉得辛苦,因为接触点的占用和椅子是小. 同样体重超过一个较小面积意味着更大的压力,这方面的工作. 散布面积减少的压力,在任何特定点. 代替填充弹性材料,如柳条,可以用来取代具有类似效应的分布重量. 由于大部份的体重是支持后面的座位, 灌水应坚挺比最前排的座位上只有重量的腿 支持. 椅子有填充题是相同的密度前后会感到柔软的背部和地区 硬地底下的膝盖. 有可能在某些情况下填充是不可取的. 例如,在椅子,其目的主要是为户外使用. 如果灌水是不可取的,勾边,可代替. 圈定一个席位潘企图分发重量不含填料. 匹配的形状,主人的屁股,重量分布和最高压力降低. 实际尺寸椅子是由测量人体或人体测量. 个人可测得的习俗主持会议. 体位统计可能聚集大量出产的椅子上. 最相关的两种体位测量椅子设计是腘高度臀部和膝部的长度. 有人坐着, 腘身高的距离下部脚下的下部,大腿的 膝盖. 它有时被称为"小凳子高度" . (术语"坐高" ,是预留了高度的头顶坐) . 美国男子 位数腘身高16.3英寸的美国妇女是15.0英寸[1] . 腘高度调整后,清远, 衣服和其他问题,是用来确定高度的椅子坐下. 批量生产椅子通常是17英寸高. 有人坐着, 臀部腘长度是横向距离回大部份的臀背部 小腿. 这种测量,是用来确定座位的深度. 批量生产椅子通常38-43厘米深. 额外的测量,可为相关设计一张椅子. 髋广度是用于宽度椅子扶手和宽度. 肘部休息身高是用来确定高度的扶手. 臀部-膝盖长度来确定的"一站室"之间的一排排椅子上. "座椅" ,是距离排座位. 在一些飞机和体育场馆的座椅是那么小,有时没有足够的腿部空间,让 一般人负担得起. 可调式座椅,如办公椅上, 上述原则适用于调整椅子的人入厕.