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翻译:英译汉

2023-08-08 01:27:24
共3条回复
马老四
原文: Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life,the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him,and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.
译文:杰克·伦敦在作品中倾注了他一生中所遭受过的一切痛苦,倾诉了这种痛苦在他心中产生的对资产阶级的刻骨仇恨以及由此产生的这样的信念:如果被剥削者起来反抗,从剥削者手中夺回社会管理权,那么世界就会变成一个人人有好日子过的地方。
clou

他把毕生的痛苦和外界的诬陷注入笔端,他相信如果团结起来反抗,就会换来一个更美好的世界。

蓓蓓

关于常规使用OPV(口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗)免疫的经济评估文献数量有限。人们因各种目的,对过去50年里,美国因为常规使用脊髓灰质炎疫苗所节省的费用做过估算。

49从疫苗引入美国,大约避免了110万例瘫痪型脊髓灰质炎病例的发生,以及>16万例由脊髓灰质炎造成的死亡,疫苗费用约为17亿美元。由于节省了治疗费用,脊髓灰质炎疫苗产生的纯利润约为1800亿美元。针对具体国家的分析得出的结论是:由使用OPV转变为使用IPV(接种灭毒疫苗,已在澳大利亚、南非和美国使用)所增加的费用并不显著。最近对南非的分析,估算出避免每例脊灰疫苗相关病例(VAPP)(以两剂IPV计算)最少节省74万美元(2005年美元)。

50.

1996年,分析预计由于成本效率的提高,美国避免每例脊灰疫苗相关病例节省约300万美元(1995年美元)。

51

稍后,使用实际数据研究发现,美国成本效率提高率约为避免每例脊灰疫苗相关病例节省约1400万美元(2002年美元)。

49.最后,最近一项澳大利亚研究提供了由于IPV-OPV转换带来的成本效率提高,避免每例脊灰疫苗相关病例节省约1700万澳元(1999年澳元,汇率为1澳元=约1.7美元)

52.成本效率分析并非因预期的经济利益而支持由OPV到IPV的转换。所有引入IPV的这些国家,不管是相继引入IPV-OPV计划,还是单独引入IPV计划,都是为减少或消灭VAPP这个最重要的原因,并希望总体上这种转换能保持公众对疫苗接种的信心。虽然,随着人们的不断努力,IPV成本可能会有所降低,OPV仍是性价比最高的疫苗。随着WPV的彻底消灭,人们会要求停止使用OPV,以杜绝残留的瘫痪型脊髓灰质炎病例(即脊灰疫苗相关病例VAPP和疫苗衍生脊灰病例

VDPV),这意味着在灭绝脊灰病毒后期OPV将不再作为常规疫苗存在。

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2023-08-06 01:18:451

英语中的现在分词什么意思

一、现在分词 现在分词由动词加ing构成。 非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。 一、现在分词的两个基本特点。 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water 白开水, risen sun 升起的太阳) 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如: the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级。(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。 1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如: ① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如: ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如: ① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如: ① With his lips still trembling, he couldn"t say a word. ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。) ③ Weather permitting, we"ll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。)
2023-08-06 01:18:569

ExploitedCollegeGirls - Lynn求此片不要300MB的~

ExploitedCollegeGirls这个系列有很多片子的。它是一家国外网站。每个礼拜四更新一集。现在以经有超过几百部了。比Lynn好看的女生有很多。你如果要的话我可以把那个网站发你。上面有很多Girls你喜欢谁就可以下谁的。
2023-08-06 01:19:321

翻译翻译~~要准确点的,语法正确的。

1.不要喝河水,你可以喝白开水。2.他背着篮子,开始爬山。3.加热,固体可以变成液体。4.她发现她必须告诉他真相。5.他很难认识自己。自己翻得,仅做参考。
2023-08-06 01:19:535

第二弹,高中英语介词精练

she fell off her bike...a friend in need is a friend indeedmay be known for its songthey sell eggs by dozeni am tired of youfight for an end of slaverygrown rich through the work of the slaverythe building after the name White housego to working by the lightfind the entrance of BCwith the hope of getting a jobcost money for two resonsone smoker out of four will die of smokingcompare to(with) sunwait in linexxx is all exploited for energycharge it for another onedrop in on your houserun after each othershout at themstruggle on its feet供参考。
2023-08-06 01:20:082

初一 英语 过去式英语 请详细解答,谢谢! (18 11:0:20)

区分过去分词和现在分词去看看这位朋友的文章,不懂再来问。
2023-08-06 01:20:194

审美观用英语怎么说

  美是人类社会实践的产物,是人类积极生活的显现,是客观事物在人们心目中引起的愉悦的情感。审美观从审美的角度看世界,是世界观的组成部分。审美观是在人类的社会实践中形成的,和政治、道德等其他意识形态有密切的关系。那么,你知道审美观的英语怎么说吗?   审美观的英文释义:   aesthetic standard   审美观的英文例句:   他们几乎不欣赏艺术,也缺乏审美观。   They have little appreciation for the arts and have poor esthetics.   我妹妹的服饰审美观完全与我相反。   My sister"s taste in dresses is adverse to my own.   论杜甫的艺术审美观   On DU Fu"s Aesthetic Appreciation Conception   我原来喜欢赶时髦,后来随着年龄的增长和审美观的改变便不再那样了。   I used to swing, but then age and good taste overtook me.   孟子审美观探微   Probe Aesthetic Standards of Mencius   “他并不是以好的时尚感和审美观著称的” 布拉杜莎·尼日表示。   He is not exactly known for his sense of style, she said.   论鲁迅的幽默审美观   On Lu Xun"s Humorous Aesthetic Judgement   谈老子的音乐审美观   On Lao Zi"s Musical Aesthetic View   论李贺诗歌的童心审美观照   On Li He"s Childlike Interest and Taste Expressed in His Poems   “生活艺术论”是林语堂文化观、人生观和审美观的集中体现。   It is a philosophy of life, promulgating numerous and plicated existence.   他能从周围的生活中发现美,他的审美观独一无二。   He finds beauty all around him, and his aesthetic is like no other.   在某种程度上,他们的审美观代表了一种新的标准--严重依赖公司品牌。   In a way, their aesthetic represents a new kind of uniform -- one heavilydependent on corporate labels.   太空船里面也没有重力,而实际的飞船设计要符合航空宇宙工程学而不是“未来主义”审美观。   The inside of spaceships also lacked gravity, while the actual ship designconformed to aerospace engineering rather than a "futuristic" aesthetic.   鉴于它们的上述才能,研?a href="" target="_blank">咳嗽比衔?岸∧窬哂猩竺拦酆颓痹诘摹⒛:?奈幕?馐叮?庑┨卣鞒?死嘀?猓?谄渌?镏种屑?浜奔??/p>   Given all these talents, some researchers have attributed an aesthetic sense andthe glimmerings of culture to bowerbirds, traits rarely suggested as found in anyspecies aside from our own.   它所带来的影响,打破了人们对这些雕塑的审美观,让人觉得它们不仅精美,而且还不同寻常。   Its effect ends up being all out of proportion to the objects discovered, which are,in strictly aesthetic terms, fine but not remarkable.   《纽约》杂志和美国《时尚》杂志撰稿人,乔纳森·范·米特尔将新新的审美观归咎于充斥着青年人图片时尚名流杂志。   Jonathan Van Meter, a writer at New York magazine and US Vogue, blamesfashion and celebrity glossies filled with images of teenagers for the New Newaesthetic.   莫娜卡芙对我说:“她们三姐妹一致的装束,同样的发型,还有那与美国六十年代后期的审美观相违,却又惬意的新英格兰背景设定,都深深打动了我。   “I was charmed by the matching costumes of the three sisters, their hairstyles,and the way the cozy New England setting played against the aesthetics of late-sixties America, ” Monakhov told me.   科学家们在他们的论文中提到,”除了从科学审美观的角度进行解释外,他们的研究还可以帮助设计微型发动机和开关。   The scientists wrote in their paper that "in addition to infusing a scientific aestheticinto a thing of beauty " their study could aid the design of tiny motors or switches.   我们已经迫不及待地窥探这种审美观在她生活中其他新领域的延伸表现:她如何娱乐休闲、装饰家居、相夫教子、追求 *** 。   We can"t wait to see how she will extend this aesthetic into her new realm: howshe will entertain, decorate, raise her children, pursue her passions.   实际上,这些新的治疗方法是非常流行的,公众已经对女明星们形成了一个全新的审美观——一张很多女明星共有的特定的脸。   These new procedures are now so popular that they"ve been credited with awhole new aesthetic for women in the public eye - a specific "face" shared bymany female stars.   这种夸张的组合手法至今还有许多设计师沿用,但是,如今人们的审美观尺度已经改变,因此受到潮流推崇。   These exaggerated sets of techniques are used by many designers now, whichhave been praised highly by the trend however, since people"s aesthetic standardhas changed recently.   但我相信另一种医学上的审美观,就是相比于手术和治疗,过程和同理连线期更有价值。   But I believe in an alternative vision of aesthetics in medicine, one that gives morevalue to process, to empathetic connection, than to fixing or curing.   西雅图名为“21世界展览会”的世博会使用了宇宙空间的审美观来鉴定了美国在对苏联的空间竞赛获胜的决心。   The Seattle World"s fair, called the Century 21 Exposition, used an aerospaceaesthetic to fuel America"s determination to win the Space Race against theSoviet Union.   这种时髦的审美观挖掘剌激着人们对未来的热情,消费品营业额快速冲顶,物质主义向前迈了一大步。   The trendiness of the aesthetic both stimulated and exploited our enthusia *** forthe future, culminating into a quick turnover for consumer products and a greater movement toward materiali *** .   中国人已经开始从本国的历史及地理角度来欣赏建筑本身,而不是盲目的追随外国的审美观。   Native Chinese are beginning to appreciate projects that consider the country"shistorical and geographical context instead of exalting foreign aesthetic values.   因此,我们在乐团成员间建立团结,互爱的氛围,通过各种方式,培养他们的自尊,铸造他们的价值观,审美观,而所有的这些,都和音乐有关。   That"s how they build a spirit of solidarity and fraternity among them, develop theirself-esteem and foster the ethical and aesthetical values related to the music inall its senses.   这次的户主是一个年轻的家庭,审美观非常现代。   The clients for this project were a young family with a very modern aesthetic.   当前,只有某些灵长类动物,例如黑猩猩和大猩猩,被认为具有文化传统,但没有审美观。   Some primates, such as chimpanzees and orangutans, are now regarded ashaving cultural traditions but not aesthetics.   通过手中的艺术家以及出版业, *** 得以推行一套对现实的解释和审美观。   Through its plete control of both the artists and the publishing sector, the CCP was able to force its interpretation of reality and aesthetics on the population.   他们几乎不欣赏艺术,也缺乏审美观。   They have little appreciation for the arts and have poor esthetics.
2023-08-06 01:20:271

动词ing的用法具体是什么?

动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,包括-ing分词和-ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。一、作主语1.一般形式Seeing is believing.眼见为信。Coming to Hangzhou by train tkes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。如:It"s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。It"s no use arguing with him.跟他争论没用。3. “There + be + no + -ing”结构,此结构的意义相当于“It"s impossible + 不定式”。 如:There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处。二、作表语动词-ing可用来作表语。如:This food smells inviting.这种食物香味怡人。My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。Their job is cleaning the window.他们的工作是打扫窗子。三、作宾语1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语I warned her against driving fast.Jim dislikes eating chocolate.2.有些动词和动词短语后接宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词,常见的这类动词有:admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。The doctor advised taking more exercise.医生建议多锻炼。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用不同的方法做。3.大部分“动词+介词“短词动词,只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有:think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can"t help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。以下为to作介词的短语有:be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to, react to等。Do you feel like having a drink?你想喝点饮料吗?I prefer swimming to playing basketball.我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语,也可以带to不定式作宾语,但在语义上却有很大的差别。如:(1)chance to do 碰巧去做某事chance doing 冒险试一试做某事(2)forget to do 忘记要去做某事forget doing 忘记曾做过某事(3)go on to do 接着又做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事(4)remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事(5)stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事(6)try to do 努力做某事try doing 试一试做某事(7)regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾(8)mean to do 打算/想做某事mean doing 意味着/意思是做某事四、作宾语补语I found the parade quite interesting to watch.这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上-ing 分词,构成复合宾语结构,-ing分词充当宾补成分。1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如:see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。如:There we found him watching TV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人在敲门。2.在有些动词(如:regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后,可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如:They regarded the contract as being invalid.他们认为合同无效。They described the child as being very clever.他们描述这孩子非常聪明。3.使役动词,如:set, keep, have, get, leave, catch等。如:Can you get my watch going again?你能使我的表再走起来吗?This sets me thinking.这使我思考。五、作状语-ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间)打扫完房间,我们开始在花园里除草。Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间)进屋以后,她看到人人都在工作。Being ill, he couldn"t go to school. (原因)因为生病,他不能去上学。Having no interest in the topic, he didn"t go to the lecture. (原因)由于对这个话题没有兴趣,他没去参加讲座。Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件)只要刻苦学习,你会成功的。Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件)利用原子能,我们能够建造太空船。Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to bi desired. (让步)(尽管)成绩是巨大的,(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果)我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式)我们坐火车访问了好多城市。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. ( 伴随)玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。六、作定语分词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。-ing分词可以单独作定语,如:a smiling face 笑脸a leading figure 领导人物-ing分词还能构成合成词作定语,如:easy-going man 好说话的人当分词短语做后置定语时,可以转换成定语从句。She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.=She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火车。There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.=There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。
2023-08-06 01:20:496

infringe intrude transgress的区别

辨析:infringe, intrude, invade(1) infringe主要用于法律范畴,指损害他人的权利,常与介词on或upon连用。如:China"s sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。(2) intrude指未受邀请和允许而闯入无权进入的地方,这种闯入有时是无意识的,常与介词on连用。如:The old gentleman was very embarrassed at finding that he had intruded on the young lovers.这位老先生发觉自己打扰了这对年轻恋人感到窘迫不安。(3) invade语气较重,常用来指武装入侵,也可指疾病、蝗虫等的侵袭,比喻义指大量地涌入。如:Hitler had a plan for invading the British Isles.希特勒计划入侵英伦三岛。
2023-08-06 01:21:111

急 帮忙做一个简单点的关于美国总统华盛顿的英文演讲稿 3分钟左右 谢谢了T.T~~

On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. "As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent," he wrote James Madison, "it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles."Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman.He pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. At 16 he helped survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The next year, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him.From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But like his fellow planters, Washington felt himself exploited by British merchants and hampered by British regulations. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restrictions.When the Second Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in May 1775, Washington, one of the Virginia delegates, was elected Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. On July 3, 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years.He realized early that the best strategy was to harass the British. He reported to Congress, "we should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn." Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies--he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President.He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger.To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances.Washington enjoyed less than three years of retirement at Mount Vernon, for he died of a throat infection December 14, 1799. For months the Nation mourned him.
2023-08-06 01:21:291

求scarf的复数scarfs和scarves的具体用法和区别.

scarfs 和 scarves 都是其复数形式.两者用哪个都可以.下面的解释中表示的很明白. scarf n. (pl.scarfs,scarves) 围巾; 头[肩]巾 领巾; 领带 台巾 绶带
2023-08-06 01:14:461

电脑打不开一直显示英文?

你好,很高兴为你解答:电脑无法正常开机常见开机出现的英文:1、An operating system ...2、reboot and select...3、BOOTMGR is missing4、A disk read error occurred5、windows boot manager6、NO bootable debice7、missing operating system8、文件windowssystem32winload.efi首先出现这样的英文有几种情况,第一种是系统文件损坏或者丢失导致开不了机,第二种是使用重装系统工具后导致的,最后可能是硬盘出现故障导致的。原因一:电脑莫名奇妙的开不了机我们在使用电脑的或多或少都会有一些非正常的操作,比如电脑强制断电关机,不小心把系统文件杀毒,或者把关键的驱动卸载了。把系统文件删掉也会出现这样的情况。解决方法:遇到这种情况我们重启电脑按F8(开机后一直敲击),然后进入“最后一次正确的配置”,或者安全模式,把安装的不明软件、驱动等等卸载重新进系统即可。原因二:使用重装系统工具开不了机由于第三方的一键重装工具盛行,很多技术不过关,兼容性非常差,如果用户使用了他们的产品很容易安装失败导致开不了机二出现英文字母。解决方法:准备一个4G以上的U盘和一台正常上网的电脑使用小白一键重装系统工具制作一个U盘启动盘,重新安装系统操作。第三种:硬件硬盘问题解决方法:先尝试拔插下硬盘接口,或者换一个硬盘数据线重新开机进系统。如果不行,只能考虑硬盘或者其他硬件出现故障导致电脑开不了机。一般建议把电脑拿到电脑维修店去检测。
2023-08-06 01:14:471

锂电池的工作原理是什么呢?

一、发展及分类“锂电池”,是一类由锂金属或锂合金为正/负极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。锂电池最早期应用在心脏起搏器中。锂电池的自放电率极低,放电电压平缓等优点,使得植入人体的起搏器能够长期运作而不用重新充电。锂电池一般有高于3.0伏的标称电压,更适合作集成电路电源。二氧化锰电池,就广泛用于计算器,数码相机、手表中。为了开发出性能更优异的品种,人们对各种材料进行了研究,从而制造出前所未有的产品。1912年锂金属电池最早由Gilbert N. Lewis提出并研究。20世纪70年代时,M. S. Whittingham提出并开始研究锂离子电池。1992年Sony成功开发锂离子电池。它的实用化,使人们的移动电话、笔记本、计算器等携带型电子设备的重量和体积大大减小。由于锂金属的化学特性非常活泼,使得锂金属的加工、保存、使用,对环境要求非常高。随着科学技术的发展,锂电池已经成为了主流。锂电池大致可分为两类:锂金属电池和锂离子电池。锂离子电池不含有金属态的锂,并且是可以充电的。可充电电池的第五代产品锂金属电池在1996年诞生,其安全性、比容量、自放电率和性能价格比均优于锂离子电池。由于其自身的高技术要求限制,只有少数几个国家的公司在生产这种锂金属电池。二、工作原理1. 锂金属电池一般是使用二氧化锰为正极材料、金属锂或其合金金属为负极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。放电反应:Li+MnO2=LiMnO2 2.锂离子电池:锂离子电池一般是使用锂合金金属氧化物为正极材料、石墨为负极材料、使用非水电解质的电池。充电正极上发生的反应为LiCoO2=Li(1-x)CoO2+xLi++xe-(电子)充电负极上发生的反应为6C+xLi++xe- = LixC6充电电池总反应:LiCoO2+6C = Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6三、特征高能量密度锂离子电池的重量是相同容量的镍镉或镍氢电池的一半,体积是镍镉的20-30%,镍氢的35-50%。高电压一个锂离子电池单体的工作电压为3.7V(平均值),相当于三个串联的镍镉或镍氢电池。无污染锂离子电池不含有诸如镉、铅、汞之类的有害金属物质。不含金属锂锂离子电池不含金属锂,因而不受飞机运输关于禁止在客机携带锂电池等规定的限制。循环寿命高在正常条件下,锂离子电池的充放电周期可超过500次,磷酸亚铁锂则可以达到2000次。无记忆效应记忆效应是指镍镉电池在充放电循环过程中,电池的容量减少的现象。锂离子电池不存在这种效应。快速充电使用额定电压为4.2V的恒流恒压充电器,可以使锂离子电池在1.5-2.5个小时内就充满电;而新开发的磷铁锂电池,已经可以在35分钟内充满电。三、优缺点分析1.优点(1)能量比较高。具有高储存能量密度,已达到460-600Wh/kg,是铅酸电池的约6-7倍;(2)使用寿命长,使用寿命可达到6年以上,磷酸亚铁锂为正极的电池1C(100%DOD)充放电,有可以使用10,000次的记录;(3)额定电压高(单体工作电压为3.7V或3.2V),约等于3只镍镉或镍氢充电电池的串联电压,便于组成电池电源组;锂电池可以通过一种新型的锂电池调压器的技术,将电压调至3.0V,以适合小电器的使用。(4)具备高功率承受力,其中电动汽车用的磷酸亚铁锂锂离子电池可以达到15-30C充放电的能力,便于高强度的启动加速;(5)自放电率很低,这是该电池最突出的优越性之一,一般可做到1%/月以下,不到镍氢电池的1/20;(6)重量轻,相同体积下重量约为铅酸产品的1/6-1/5;(7)高低温适应性强,可以在-20℃--60℃的环境下使用,经过工艺上的处理,可以在-45℃环境下使用;(8)绿色环保,不论生产、使用和报废,都不含有、也不产生任何铅、汞、镉等有毒有害重金属元素和物质。(9)生产基本不消耗水,对缺水的我国来说,十分有利。比能量指的是单位重量或单位体积的能量。比能量用Wh/kg或Wh/L来表示。Wh是能量的单位,W是瓦、h是小时;kg是千克(重量单位),L是升(体积单位)。2.缺点1.锂原电池均存在安全性差,有发生爆炸的危险。2.钴酸锂的锂离子电池不能大电流放电,价格昂贵,安全性较差。3.锂离子电池均需保护线路,防止电池被过充过放电。4.生产要求条件高,成本高。5.使用条件有限制,高低温使用危险大。
2023-08-06 01:14:502

scarf的复数怎么变

scarf是可数名词时,有两种复数形式“scarfs”或“scarves”。 一种原因是源于习惯用法;另一种解释为,如果在同一句话中有两个scarf,一名词,一动词,为了避开动词scarf(v.围(围巾))的第三人称单数形式“scarves”,名词的复数可用“scarfs”。 扩展资料   例如:   1、 She has two scarfs .   她有两条围巾。   2、The fans ran down the street waving scarves.   粉丝们挥着围巾冲向了街道。   词汇搭配:   1、flat scarf 平合嵌接   2、oblique scarf 斜接榫   3、short scarf 直齿对搭接   4、lap scarf 互搭楔接   5、scarf joint 嵌接
2023-08-06 01:14:531

18650锂电池充电原理?

他这个锂电的充电原理是,嗯,循循渐进。
2023-08-06 01:15:015

《蜀相》原文注释与赏析

蜀相① 丞相祠堂何处寻?锦官城外柏森森②。 映阶碧草自春色,隔叶黄鹂空好音③。 三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心④。 出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟⑤。 注释 ①蜀相:指三国时蜀国丞相诸葛亮。②锦官城:古代成都的别称。柏森森:柏树长得高大而茂密。③黄鹂:黄莺。④三顾:指刘备三顾茅庐见诸葛亮事。两朝:指刘备、刘禅父子两朝。开济:开创基业,匡济艰危。⑤出师未捷:诸葛亮曾五次出兵攻魏,蜀建兴十二年(234),与魏司马懿在渭南相拒百余日,病死于五丈原军中。 赏析 这首诗是杜甫在漂泊西南时,所作的一首凭吊古迹、颂扬诸葛亮的咏史诗,且是一首富有教育意义、感人至深的抒情诗。这首诗在艺术上颇具特色:一是抓住祠堂典型环境的特征,来渲染寂静、肃穆的气氛,把诗人对诸葛亮的怀念表现得十分真切。二是对诸葛亮的政治活动作概括性的描述,勾画出了一个有为的政治家的形象。结尾两句,更是道出了千古失意英雄的同感。这两句苍凉悲壮,是千古传诵的名句。
2023-08-06 01:15:041

翻译scarf,snowball,snowman

scarfn.围巾,领巾; 嵌接; 桌巾,台巾; (木材,金属,皮革的)嵌接; v.围(围巾); 打(领带); 披(披巾); 用围巾[台布]围[盖]; snowballn.雪球; [植]荚蒾属; vi.打雪仗; 滚雪球般增大; vt.向…掷雪球; 使滚雪球般增大; snowmann.雪人;
2023-08-06 01:15:063

蜀相原文及翻译

原文:《蜀相》杜甫〔唐代〕丞相祠堂何处寻?锦官城外柏森森。映阶碧草自春色,隔叶黄鹂空好音。三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心。出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟。翻译:去哪里寻找武侯诸葛亮的祠堂?在成都城外那柏树茂密的地方。碧草映照石阶,不过自为春色;隔着树叶的黄鹂,亦不过空作好音。刘备为统一天下而三顾茅庐,问计于诸葛亮,辅佐两代君主的老臣忠心耿耿。可惜出师伐魏还没有取得最后的胜利就先去世了,常使后代英雄感慨泪湿衣襟!作品简介与赏析这首诗分两部分,前四句凭吊丞相祠堂,从景物描写中感怀现实,透露出诗人忧国忧民之心;后四句咏叹丞相才德,从历史追忆中缅怀先贤,又蕴含着诗人对祖国命运的许多期盼与憧憬。全诗蕴藉深厚,寄托遥深,造成深沉悲凉的意境。概言之,这首七律话语奇简,但容量颇大,具有高度的概括力,短短五十六字,诉尽诸葛亮生平,将名垂千古的诸葛亮展现在读者面前。后代的爱国志士及普通读者一吟诵这首诗时,对诸葛亮的崇敬之情油然而生。特别是一读到“出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟”二句时,不禁黯然泪下。
2023-08-06 01:15:121

锂电池充电和放电原理是什么?

一、发展及分类“锂电池”,是一类由锂金属或锂合金为正/负极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。锂电池最早期应用在心脏起搏器中。锂电池的自放电率极低,放电电压平缓等优点,使得植入人体的起搏器能够长期运作而不用重新充电。锂电池一般有高于3.0伏的标称电压,更适合作集成电路电源。二氧化锰电池,就广泛用于计算器,数码相机、手表中。为了开发出性能更优异的品种,人们对各种材料进行了研究,从而制造出前所未有的产品。1912年锂金属电池最早由Gilbert N. Lewis提出并研究。20世纪70年代时,M. S. Whittingham提出并开始研究锂离子电池。1992年Sony成功开发锂离子电池。它的实用化,使人们的移动电话、笔记本、计算器等携带型电子设备的重量和体积大大减小。由于锂金属的化学特性非常活泼,使得锂金属的加工、保存、使用,对环境要求非常高。随着科学技术的发展,锂电池已经成为了主流。锂电池大致可分为两类:锂金属电池和锂离子电池。锂离子电池不含有金属态的锂,并且是可以充电的。可充电电池的第五代产品锂金属电池在1996年诞生,其安全性、比容量、自放电率和性能价格比均优于锂离子电池。由于其自身的高技术要求限制,只有少数几个国家的公司在生产这种锂金属电池。二、工作原理1. 锂金属电池一般是使用二氧化锰为正极材料、金属锂或其合金金属为负极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。放电反应:Li+MnO2=LiMnO2 2.锂离子电池:锂离子电池一般是使用锂合金金属氧化物为正极材料、石墨为负极材料、使用非水电解质的电池。充电正极上发生的反应为LiCoO2=Li(1-x)CoO2+xLi++xe-(电子)充电负极上发生的反应为6C+xLi++xe- = LixC6充电电池总反应:LiCoO2+6C = Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6三、特征高能量密度锂离子电池的重量是相同容量的镍镉或镍氢电池的一半,体积是镍镉的20-30%,镍氢的35-50%。高电压一个锂离子电池单体的工作电压为3.7V(平均值),相当于三个串联的镍镉或镍氢电池。无污染锂离子电池不含有诸如镉、铅、汞之类的有害金属物质。不含金属锂锂离子电池不含金属锂,因而不受飞机运输关于禁止在客机携带锂电池等规定的限制。循环寿命高在正常条件下,锂离子电池的充放电周期可超过500次,磷酸亚铁锂则可以达到2000次。无记忆效应记忆效应是指镍镉电池在充放电循环过程中,电池的容量减少的现象。锂离子电池不存在这种效应。快速充电使用额定电压为4.2V的恒流恒压充电器,可以使锂离子电池在1.5-2.5个小时内就充满电;而新开发的磷铁锂电池,已经可以在35分钟内充满电。三、优缺点分析1.优点(1)能量比较高。具有高储存能量密度,已达到460-600Wh/kg,是铅酸电池的约6-7倍;(2)使用寿命长,使用寿命可达到6年以上,磷酸亚铁锂为正极的电池1C(100%DOD)充放电,有可以使用10,000次的记录;(3)额定电压高(单体工作电压为3.7V或3.2V),约等于3只镍镉或镍氢充电电池的串联电压,便于组成电池电源组;锂电池可以通过一种新型的锂电池调压器的技术,将电压调至3.0V,以适合小电器的使用。(4)具备高功率承受力,其中电动汽车用的磷酸亚铁锂锂离子电池可以达到15-30C充放电的能力,便于高强度的启动加速;(5)自放电率很低,这是该电池最突出的优越性之一,一般可做到1%/月以下,不到镍氢电池的1/20;(6)重量轻,相同体积下重量约为铅酸产品的1/6-1/5;(7)高低温适应性强,可以在-20℃--60℃的环境下使用,经过工艺上的处理,可以在-45℃环境下使用;(8)绿色环保,不论生产、使用和报废,都不含有、也不产生任何铅、汞、镉等有毒有害重金属元素和物质。(9)生产基本不消耗水,对缺水的我国来说,十分有利。比能量指的是单位重量或单位体积的能量。比能量用Wh/kg或Wh/L来表示。Wh是能量的单位,W是瓦、h是小时;kg是千克(重量单位),L是升(体积单位)。2.缺点1.锂原电池均存在安全性差,有发生爆炸的危险。2.钴酸锂的锂离子电池不能大电流放电,价格昂贵,安全性较差。3.锂离子电池均需保护线路,防止电池被过充过放电。4.生产要求条件高,成本高。5.使用条件有限制,高低温使用危险大。
2023-08-06 01:14:402

电脑开机出现一串英文字母是为什么

电脑开机出现英文字母开不了机怎么办?对于一些电脑小白的用户来说,遇到电脑开机出现英文字母或者开不了机的情况都不知道该怎么处理了,接下来小编给大家带来了电脑开机出现英文字母解决方法,有需要的朋友们快来看看吧!下面列举一些开机常出现的英文:首先出现这样的英文有几种情况,第一种是系统文件损坏或者丢失导致开不了机,第二种是使用重装系统工具后导致的,最后可能是硬盘出现故障导致的。第一种:电脑莫名奇妙的开不了机很多时候我们在使用电脑的或多或少都会有一些非正常的操作,比如电脑强制断电关机,不小心把系统文件杀毒,或者把关键的驱动卸载了。还有一种是电脑中毒把系统文件删掉也会出现这样的情况。解决方法:重启电脑按F8(开机后一直敲击),然后尝试进入“最后一次正确的配置”,或者安全模式,把安装的不明软件、驱动等等卸载重新进系统即可。如果仍然不能解决,只能考虑重装系统了。第二种:使用重装系统工具开不了机由于第三方的一键重装工具盛行,很多技术不过关,兼容性非常差,如果用户使用了他们的产品很容易安装失败导致开不了机二出现英文字母。解决方法:准备一个4G以上的U盘和一台正常上网的电脑使用小白工具制作一个U盘工具,重新安装系统哦。第三种:硬件硬盘问题首先尝试拔插下硬盘接口,或者换一个硬盘数据线重新开机进系统。如果不行,只能考虑硬盘或者其他硬件出现故障导致电脑开不了机。一般建议把电脑拿到电脑维修店去检测。第四种:主板电池没电开不了机有时候可能是使用时间久了,主板上面的电池没电了,只要重新给主板上面的电池更换即可。以上就是小编整理的电脑开机出现英文字母开不了机的解决方法,希望大家能学会电脑开机出现英文字母开不了机怎么办。
2023-08-06 01:14:391

游戏元宇宙生态构成包括

游戏元宇宙生态构成包括介绍如下:构筑元宇宙的技术赛道归纳为“BAND”,即区块链(Blockchain)、游戏(Game)、网络算力(Network)和展示方式(Display),分别从价值交互、内容承载、数据网络传输及沉浸式展示融合构建元宇宙。(1)区块链技术提供了去中心化的清结算平台和价值传递机制,能够保障元宇宙的价值归属与流转,从而保障经济系统的稳定、高效,保障规则的透明和确定性执行。去中心化的虚拟资产能够跨平台、脱离内容本身进行流通,变得更加“真实”。(2)电子游戏为元宇宙提供交互内容,是元宇宙内容发展与用户流量的关键赛道。用户创作成为元宇宙游戏发展的趋势,用户创作能够为元宇宙提供了丰富的内容,玩家并非像传统游戏一样成为游戏主策、主程手中的提线木偶,也改变着人们对虚拟资产的观念。(3)网络与算力技术的升级保障了信息的传输与计算能力,5G、AIoT、算力为次时代应用创新打下了坚实基础。云游戏近年来也实现了高速发展,云计算是近年来发展最快的科技领域之一,伴随通信速率和云算力的持续升级,云端游戏已经成为现实。(4)显示技术提供交互方式,超高清及AR/VR设备也实现了持续迭代升级,用户已经可以获得较好的沉浸式体验。“BAND”四大赛道近年来均发生了边际变化,目前从技术的供需层面都逐步支撑元宇宙的降临。具体而言,区块链DeFi、NFT赛道快速迭代,从早先的币圈与链圈之争进化为逐步链接真实世界,且通过DeFi构筑金融模型,使更多的人和机构开始接受这种虚拟资产范式;游戏行业探索出了以用户创作主导,经济系统为核心的Roblox模式,游戏UGC模式广受市场认可;5G基站、AIoT大规模建设,大规模IDC数据中心的落成以及“东数西算”的推进,在网络数据传输、算力上为元宇宙新时代提供了基础;新一代VR设备实现使用体验广受好评,销量迎来增长,显示技术从3D向全真演进。链乔教育在线旗下学硕创新区块链技术工作站是中国教育部学校规划建设发展中心开展的“智慧学习工场2020-学硕创新工作站 ”唯一获准的“区块链技术专业”试点工作站。专业站立足为学生提供多样化成长路径,推进专业学位研究生产学研结合培养模式改革,构建应用型、复合型人才培养体系。
2023-08-06 01:14:371

锂离子电池的工作原理

锂离子电池是一种二次电池(充电电池),它主要依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间移动来工作。在充放电过程中,Li+在两个电极之间往返嵌入和脱嵌:充电时,Li+从正极脱嵌,经过电解质嵌入负极,负极处于富锂状态;放电时则相反。 辨别电池是否为锂电池的方法如下: 1、电池容量。一般的镉镍电池的容量为500-600mAh,氢镍电池的容量不会超过800-900mAh,而锂离子电池的容量一般在1300-1400mAh之间,所以锂电池充足电后使用的时间约是氢镍电池的1.5倍,是镉镍电池的3.0倍左右。 2、塑胶表面以及塑胶材质。正品的锂离子电池防磨面均匀,采用的是PC材质,没有脆裂的现象,一般假的锂离子电池表面过于粗糙,使用的材质比较容易裂开。 3、充电电压。如果想用镉镍电池或者氢镍电池假冒锂离子电池的话,需要同时使用5块电池,每块电池的充电电压一般不会超过1.55V,总充电电压不会超过7.75V,而锂离子电池的充电电压至少是8.0V,所以可以根据充电电压来判断。
2023-08-06 01:14:291

九大行星英文名

水星是灰的吧。。。
2023-08-06 01:14:2811

scarf的复数有哪几种

scarf是可数名词时,有两种复数形式“scarfs”或“scarves”。 scarf: n.围巾;披巾;头巾; v.披嵌接;用围巾围; 第三人称单数: scarves 复数: scarfs scarves 现在分词: scarfing 过去式: scarfed 过去分词: scarfed 扩展资料   Someone has taken my scarf.   有人把我的.围巾拿走了。   A scarf was wrapped around his neck.   他的脖子上围着一条围巾。   He had a scarf round his neck.   他脖子上围着条围巾。   Add a cashmere scarf under your jacket for a touch of glamour.   在夹克衫里面围一条开司米围巾会使你更有魅力。   This scarf is 100% wool.   这条披肩是纯毛的。
2023-08-06 01:14:271

锂电池充电的原理是什么?

锂电池的充电原理:1、锂离子电池的充电过程可分为三个阶段:滴流充电(低压预充电)、恒流充电和恒压充电。2、锂电池的充电方式为限压恒流,由IC芯片控制。典型的充电模式是检测首先要充电的蓄电池的电压,以及是否已充电3、如果电压低于3V,请先预充电。充电电流为设定电流的1/10。电压升至3V后,进入标准充电过程。标准充电过程为:4、按设定电流进行恒流充电。当蓄电池电压升至4.20V时,切换到恒压充电,并保持充电电压在4.20V。此时,充电电流逐渐减小。当电流降至设定充电电流的1/10时,充电结束。
2023-08-06 01:14:201