英语语法问题

subscriber 英[su0259bu02c8skrau026abu0259(r)]美[su0259bu02c8skrau026abu0259r]n. 用户，订户; <英>（慈善机关等的）定期捐款者; 预约者; 签署者;[网络] 订阅者; 订户; 用户;[例句]I have been a subscriber to Railway Magazine for many years.我订阅《铁路杂志》已有很多年了。[其他] 复数：subscribers 形近词： outscriber describer prescriber

subscriber 订购 订购者

你有新的订户。

就是关闭的意思

subscribers（笑）

主语是big deal，where引导的从句是描述big deal的。然后把where institution subsribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing aggreements 看成一个句子，在这个句子里面，institution subscribers是句子的主语，pay for 是谓语，access 是宾语，access to 是一个词组，意思是有权使用 。

主语是big deal，where引导的从句是描述big deal的。然后把where institution subsribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing aggreements 看成一个句子，在这个句子里面，institution subscribers是句子的主语，pay for 是谓语，access 是宾语，access to 是一个词组，意思是有权使用 。

在收盘前5个营业日，每个订阅者将通过电汇或急件将立即可用的资金电汇或发送到一个指定的账户上，该账户将在公司合理的预先通知中指定，而不是已支付的任何存款。关闭时,当事人应当制作,执行,承认并交付,或导致,执行,承认和通过等第三方可能适用,法律文件和其他物品(集体关闭文档)及必要的执行本协议的意图和其他事务考虑在连接,关闭文件和其他物品应包括,但不限于,证据未持有证书的形式交付的贷款证知和/或其他笔记的转移的证据适用的用户。(1)关闭时，所有的纸质版工作都需要完成。，(2)钱的余额将在5天前被订户关闭。

本篇文章给大家分享的是关于vue中token如何进行刷新处理，内容很不错，有需要的朋友可以参考一下，希望可以帮助到大家。token身份验证机制客户端登录请求成功后，服务器将用户信息（如用户id）使用特殊算法加密后作为验证的标志发送给用户（即token），当用户下次发起请求时，会将这个token捎带过来，服务器再将这个token通过解密后进行验证，通过的话，则向客户端返回请求的数据；反之，则请求失败。token优点它是无状态的，且服务器不用像传统的身份认证（session）那样需要保存会话信息，减轻了服务器的压力。vue的token刷新处理在对token身份验证机制进行一次简单介绍后，进入正文...一般为了安全性，token都会设置一个过期时间，在过期之后就无法请求相关接口了，这时应该怎么办呢，是直接退出登录吗？在目前公司的项目里，为了更好的用户体验，我们选择手动刷新token。登录请求成功后，会返回一个token和token过期时间，在每次请求api时，前端可以先判断一下token是否即将过期或已过期，如果是，则请求刷新token的接口，成功替换原来的token之后才可以重新发起请求。下面，我们直接看代码，这是在vue的请求拦截器里进行的相关操作：/*是否有请求正在刷新token*/window.isRefreshing = false/*被挂起的请求数组*/let refreshSubscribers = []/*获取刷新token请求的token*/function getRefreshToken () { return JSON.parse(localStorage.auth).refresh_token}/*push所有请求到数组中*/function subscribeTokenRefresh (cb) { refreshSubscribers.push(cb)}/*刷新请求（refreshSubscribers数组中的请求得到新的token之后会自执行，用新的token去请求数据）*/function onRrefreshed (token) { refreshSubscribers.map(cb => cb(token))}/*请求拦截器*/ajax.interceptors.request.use( config => { const authTmp = localStorage.auth /*判断是否已登录*/ if (authTmp) { /*解析登录信息*/ let auth = JSON.parse(authTmp) /*判断auth是否存在*/ if (auth) { /*在请求头中添加token类型、token*/ config.headers.Authorization = auth.token_type + " " + auth.token /*判断刷新token请求的refresh_token是否过期*/ if (util.isRefreshTokenExpired()) { alert("刷新token过期，请重新登录") /*清除本地保存的auth*/ localStorage.removeItem("auth") window.location.href = "#/login" return } /*判断token是否将要过期*/ if (util.isTokenExpired() && config.url.indexOf("admin/auth/current") === -1) { /*判断是否正在刷新*/ if (!window.isRefreshing) { /*将刷新token的标志置为true*/ window.isRefreshing = true /*发起刷新token的请求*/ apiList.refreshToken({refresh_token: getRefreshToken()}).then(res => { /*将标志置为false*/ window.isRefreshing = false /*成功刷新token*/ config.headers.Authorization = res.data.data.token_type + " " + res.data.data.token /*更新auth*/ localStorage.setItem("auth", JSON.stringify(res.data.data)) /*执行数组里的函数,重新发起被挂起的请求*/ onRrefreshed(res.data.data.token) /*执行onRefreshed函数后清空数组中保存的请求*/ refreshSubscribers = [] }).catch(err => { alert(err.response.data.message) /*清除本地保存的auth*/ // localStorage.removeItem("auth") window.location.href = "#/login" }) } /*把请求(token)=>{....}都push到一个数组中*/ let retry = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { /*(token) => {...}这个函数就是回调函数*/ subscribeTokenRefresh((token) => { config.headers.Authorization = "Bearer " + token /*将请求挂起*/ resolve(config) }) }) return retry } } return config } else { /*未登录直接返回配置信息*/ return config } }, /*错误操作*/ err => { return Promise.reject(err) })这里需要注意几点：1、当token即将过期或者已过期时，原则上，我们只需要有一个接口去触发刷新token的请求即可，这里的isRefreshing 变量，就起到这样一个监控的作用，它相当于一把锁，当刷新token的操作被触发后，其他的触发操作就被排斥在外了。window.isRefreshing = false2、刷新token的接口，用到了一个另外的token（refresh_token），这也是出于安全性考虑的，并且它也有过期时间，不过这个过期时间一般都比普通token的过期时间要长，所以在上面代码中，会发现，我在请求拦截中优先判断了refresh_token是否过期，如果过期则直接退出登录，不再进行下一步的操作。 /*判断刷新token请求的refresh_token是否过期*/if (util.isRefreshTokenExpired() && config.url.indexOf("admin/auth/current") === -1) { alert("刷新token过期，请重新登录") /*清除本地保存的auth*/ localStorage.removeItem("auth") window.location.href = "#/login" return}3、在触发了刷新token的操作后，我们还需要先将其他的请求挂起，在获取新的token之后再重新发起这些请求。/*把请求(token)=>{....}都push到一个数组中*/let retry = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { /*(token) => {...}这个函数就是回调函数*/ subscribeTokenRefresh((token) => { config.headers.Authorization = "Bearer " + token /*将请求挂起*/ resolve(config) })})return retry在刷新token请求的成功回调里执行下面代码，重新发起请求。 /*执行数组里的函数,重新发起被挂起的请求*/ onRrefreshed(res.data.data.token)4、因为有人在评论里问util文件，应该是想知道具体怎么判断token过期的，其实在获得token时，是有返回一个token过期时间 ，你可以先将它先保存起来，然后在需要时，拿出来与本地时间比较即可/*判断token是否过期*/function isTokenExpired() { /*从localStorage中取出token过期时间*/ let expiredTime = new Date(JSON.parse(localStorage.auth).expired_at).getTime() / 1000 /*获取本地时间*/ let nowTime = new Date().getTime() / 1000 /*获取校验时间差*/ let diffTime = JSON.parse(sessionStorage.diffTime) /*校验本地时间*/ nowTime -= diffTime /*如果 < 10分钟，则说明即将过期*/ return (expiredTime - nowTime) < 10*60}

高三英语阅读理解 　　要提高英语的阅读理解就要多练习，以下是我收拾整理的高三的英语阅读理解练习题和答案，希望能帮助到大家! 　　第一篇： 　　Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone"s satisfaction. 　　For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute impolitely; he does so with skill: “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.” 　　Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store bywhat the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spendan hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands. 　　17. The passage mainly talks about ________. 　　A. differences between men and women shoppers 　　B. A man goes shopping because he needs something 　　C. How women go about buying clothes. 　　D. Women are better at shopping than men 　　18. The underlined sentence “the price is a secondary consideration” in the first paragraph means when a man is shopping ________. 　　A. he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear 　　B. he buys whatever he likes without considering its value 　　C. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things 　　D. he often buy things without giving the matter proper thought. 　　19. What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants? 　　A. He buys a similar thing because of the color he wants. 　　B. He usually does not buy anything. 　　C. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys. 　　D. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing. 　　20. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers? 　　A. Men do not try clothes on in a shop while women do. 　　B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not. 　　C. The time they take over buying clothes. 　　D. Men go shopping based on need, but women never. 　　第二篇： 　　A little under one-third of U.S. families have no Internet access and do not plan to get it, with most of the holdouts seeing little use for it in their lives, according to a survey released on Friday. 　　Park Associates, a Dallas-based technology market research firm, said 29 percent of U.S. families, or 31 million homes, do not have Internet access and do not intend to subscribe(预订)to an Internet service over the next 12 months. The second annual National Technology Scan conducted by Park found that the main reason why potential customers say they do not subscribe to the Internet is because of the low value to their daily lives rather than concerns over cost. 　　Forty-four percent of these families say they are not interested in anything on the Internet, versus just 22 percent who say they cannot afford a computer or the cost of Internet service, the survey showed. The answer “Iu2019m not sure how to use the Internet” came from 17 percent of participants who do not subscribe. The response “I do all my e-commerce shopping and YouTube-watching at work” was cited by 14 percent of Internet-access users. Three percent said the Internet doesnu2019t reach their homes. 　　The study found U.S. broadband adoption grew to 52 percent over 2006, up from 42 percent in 2005. Roughly half of new subscribers converted(转变)from slower-speed, dial-up Internet access while the other half of families had no prior access. 　　“The industry continues to chip(击破)away at the core of non-subscribers, but has a long way to go,” said John Barrett, director of research at Parks Associates. “Entertainment applications will be the key. If anything will pull in the holdouts, itu2019s going to be applications that make the Internet more similar to pay-TV,” he predicted. 　　1. What does the underlined word “holdouts” in the first paragraph most probably mean? 　　A. some American families 　　B. those who hold out oneu2019s opinions 　　C. those who have been surveyed 　　D. those who still havenu2019t access to the Internet currently 　　2. Many potential customers refuse to subscribe to the Internet mainly because _________. 　　A. they show too much concern about the cost B. they can find little value of it 　　C. they do most YouTube-watching at work D. the Internet doesnu2019t reach their homes 　　3. From the passage we can infer that ________. 　　A. It is not an easy job to transform those holdouts into the Internet users 　　B. people will adopt dial-up Internet access no more 　　C. many Americans enjoy doing e-commerce shopping at home 　　D. more than half of the population are using the Internet in 2005 　　4. According to John Barrett, what is the key to attracting more U.S. families to broadband service? 　　A. making the Internet look more similar to TV set 　　B. applying the Internet more to entertainment 　　C. providing more pay-TV programs 　　D. chipping away at the core of non-subscribers 　　5. Which is the best title for the passage? 　　A. Web develops with technology B. The present situation of web 　　C. Many Americans see little point to web D. It is urgent to promote web service 　　>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<< 　　第一篇： 　　17. A 主旨大意题。文章首句 Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman 点题男人买衣服和女人买衣服是不同的经历。然后下文分别阐述男人和女人买东西的不同。故答案为 A。 　　18. C 语义理解题。根据第1段第 2、3、4 句 A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it 可知男人因为需要而买东西，他买东西的目的预先订下来，他知道他需要什么，而且他的目标是找到他需要的东西并买下来。由此可推断只要东西合适，是他需要的，价格则是次要的事情。故答案为 C。 　　19. B 推理判断题。根据第3段首句 For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. 和末句This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on 可知虽然价格和颜色都合适，但如果不是他想要的东西，他认为“试穿是浪费时间”，因此可推知他不会买。故答案为 B。 　　20. C 推理判断题。根据第1段 the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes 和第3段中 a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 可推知男人和女人买东西的`明显不同是他们所用的时间不同。本文阐述如何在参加面试的前几分钟时间里给人留下深刻的印象。 　　第二篇： 　　1. D 根据前文one third of the U.S. families have no Internet access and do not plan to get it 可知 　　2. B 由第二段u2026u2026found the main reason potential customers say they do not subscribe to the Internet is because of the low value to their daily lives they recognizeu2026u2026可知 　　3. A 从最后一段第一句可知 　　4. B 由最后一段“Entertainment applications will be the key”一句可知 　　5. C 从文章的写作逻辑可知作者主要在谈目前还有三分之一的美国家庭没有网络服务，而B答案太宽泛 ;

在项目中遇到关于action与dispatch使用的一些细节问题，经过搜索得到了一些答案。特意在此提出，如有错误还请指出，十分感谢～问题1：如果action是异步的，那么怎么知道它什么时候完成？在vuex的官网给出了答案：注：如果需要通过组合多个action来完成某些逻辑，用async/await会更简单一点问题2： 如果action是同步的，就不需要等待它完成了吗？其实这个问题相当于在w：dispatch("some action")是一个同步函数还是异步函数。如果dispatch是一个异步函数（返回一个promise），那么即使action里面的逻辑是同步的，如果需要等待这个action完成之后才进行某些操作，仍然是需要用异步等待dispatch().then(()=> {})来实现通过查看vuex的源码找到了答案： dispatch (_type, _payload) { // check object-style dispatch const { type, payload } = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload) const action = { type, payload } const entry = this._actions[type] if (!entry) { if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") { console.error(`[vuex] unknown action type: ${type}`) } return } try { this._actionSubscribers .filter(sub => sub.before) .forEach(sub => sub.before(action, this.state)) } catch (e) { if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") { console.warn(`[vuex] error in before action subscribers: `) console.error(e) } } const result = entry.length > 1 ? Promise.all(entry.map(handler => handler(payload))) : entry[0](payload) return result.then(res => { try { this._actionSubscribers .filter(sub => sub.after) .forEach(sub => sub.after(action, this.state)) } catch (e) { if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") { console.warn(`[vuex] error in after action subscribers: `) console.error(e) } } return res }) }dispatch函数返回的是一个promise，所以dispatch后如果需要跟进操作（比如dispatch里面commit了一个state，后续要用到这个state），正确的做法应该是需要用异步的方式来完成后续的逻辑注：用同步的写法看起来好像state也是对的，但可能只是恰好我的业务场景io使用不是很高所以"看起来是对的"，严谨的做法应该还是需要用异步来完成后续操作的

节目套餐（Package） 广告主所能提供的一整套节目。传阅读者（Pass Along Readers）非经由购买或订阅而看到杂志刊物的读者。普及率（Penetration）拥有电视或收音机之家庭数所占之百分比。黄金时间（Prime Time）电视之高峰收视时间，通常以晚上为多。拉式推广战略（Pull Strategy）推式推广战略（Push Strategy）综合浏览量（Page Views）网站各网页被浏览的总次数。一个访客有可能创造十几个甚至更多的Page Views。就是说假如有1000人次（User Sessions）访问你的网站，而Page Views是1200的话，那就说明其中有一些人看了2次以上这个网页。收费标准是Page Views而不是User Sessions，因为假如其中一个人看了2次以上这个广告的话，这个广告也就起到了相应的作用，就像电视广告一个晚上放了3次，也是按3次收费，虽然可能是被同一个人看到。点击广告后连到的页面（Portal Page）通常这个页面不是商家网的首页，而是针对广告内容重新设计的页面。价格保障（Rate Protection）广告主与媒体签约期间内，即使广告费上涨，广告主仍以原签约价格支付。收视（听）率（Rating）指收看（听）某一电视节目（广播节目）的人数或家庭户数占拥有电视机（收录机）的总人数或家庭户数的百分比。到达率（Reach）媒体所涵盖之阅听者总数；视听众的总人数。到达率不考虑重复。到达率的提高意味着载体的传播广度在增加，覆盖范围在扩大，广告宣传的产品的知名度会扩大。阅读率（Readership）阅读刊物或广告之读者人数或其所占之百分比。Number(%) of a target audience who claim to have “read” a publication(N.B.read after means looked into).传阅读者（Pass-Along Readers）阅读自己没有购买的刊物的读者（Readers of magazine who are not purchases/subscribers）。回扣（Rebate）媒体支付给广告主的退款，即支付款额与签订价格间的差额。节目视听众占有率（Share）人们通常会问，在所有看电视的人中，有多少人在看我的节目?节目视听众占有率是指某一节目，其收看者占开机者的百分比占有率=收看某一频道（节目）的观众人数÷所有正在看电视人数×100或占有率=某一频道（或节目）收视率÷所有频道收视率×100声量份额（Share of Voice/Share of Spending）某产品在其同类产品中的广告活动份额，用投入的经费来衡量（SOS-share of spending）或用出现在媒介的比重来衡量（SOV-share of voice计算单位通常为GRP）。广告排期表（Schedule）广告活动中所使用之媒体或广告时间、版面之列表。分刊法（Split Run）报刊广告中，将一位广告主的两种或多种不同的广告分刊于同期的各版次上，以测定各广告的效果。节目提供者（Sponsor）购买某一节目或节目片段广告独占权的广告主。插播广告（Spot）依地理分区或电台分区购买广告时段插播；节目中插播。（Spot）可为播映广告的时间或指广告本身。联合播出辛迪加（Syndication）联合播出是基于以每个地域市场的联合节目统筹播出安排方法，与常规的联线或以人造卫星传输节目不同。联合播出可由独立制片人、广告主、广告公司或联合发行公司负责。联合发行的节目可以是任何类型、任何长短的持续时间，并可日夜播出。联合播出的节目在联播网盟台播出时，通常都是在傍晚时段（下午4：00-7：30）、特级时段（周一至周六晚8：00-10：00，周日晚7：00-11：00）、甲级黄金时段（周日至周六晚7：30-8：00）播出。电视联播网（TV Network ,Television Broadcast Network）联播网是由任何组群的电视台联合播送相同的节目。美国有三个电视联播网，即ABC(美国广播公司 American Broadcasting Company)、CBS(哥伦比亚广播公司Columbia Broadcasting System)、NBC（国家广播公司National Broadcasting Company）。加入这些联播网的电视台与联播网签合约，按约每周播出一定数量的联播网节目，通常约55-60小时。目标群（Target Group）广告活动诉求对象：拥有类似特性的未来对象。撕页（Tear-Sheet）送给广告主核准或签核的的广告单页。悬疑广告（Teaser）广告活动中，企图使读者产生好奇心理的广告。裁切后尺寸（Trim Size）经裁切后之杂志大小。电话营销（Telemarketing）非重复视听众（Unduplicated Audience）累积视听众。独立访客（Unique Host）在网络广告中，由于每个访客可制造出多个Pageviews,而访客刷新网页也会使Impression数增，所以Pageviews或Impression都不能精确表现网站的访问人数。通常情况下每个访客都会来自于不同的地址，称为来自不同的IP。独立访客即将来自同一IP的访客视为同一个人，从而获得更精确的访客人数。像网易中文排行榜提供的易数统计所提供的数字就是Unique Host。通常很多网站公布的访问量都是Pageviews或Impression，Pageviews往往是Impression的数倍，而Impression又会比UNIQUE HOST高出很多。媒体（Vehicle）广告中的某一具体传播媒介。如杂志或某电视台（A specific carrier within a media category.）。浪费发行量（Waste Circulation） 不是产品或服务所要广告的未来顾客之刊物读者；未铺地区的发行量。

模型,点位有问题

令人注目compelling中国移动通信业:Chinamobile Communication Bussiness移动电话交换机Mobile Phone Switch 用户Subscriberhttp://www.hjenglish.com/page/5438/The development of Chinamobile Communication Bussiness is compelling. At the end of October,2002, the capacity of Mobile Phone Switches ran up to 260879 thousands subscribers, Mobile Phone subscribers ran up to 195833. The popularization rate of Mobile Phone ran up to 14.95/hundred people. According to international routines, the popularization rate of Phone (Including Mobile Phone and telephone) should run up to 10 percent when the average GDP runs up to 1500 dollars.But China has exceeded this criterion with the average GDP only 900 dollars. Does this show that the development of Chinamobile Communication Bussiness runs too fast? Or that this criterion is improved along with the need of informationization? Incontestable facts show that Chinese informationization level is far lower than that of developed countries, for the world has entered into an informationized and international time! So, the development of Chinamobile Communication Bussiness should be increasing other than declining.According to a market survey in Beijing currently initiated by Xinhuaxin Marketing research & Counsultant company about using bases of newly increased mobile phone subscribers, During the first half-year of 2002, the propertion of the people aged within 30 to all the newly increased mobile phone subscribers is 80.5%，and the middle-income subscribers whose income being within 2000 present 80 percent of all. To some extent, this reflects the causes of the rapid increasing of Chinese mobile phone subscribers：even the income of young people is low, they have light burden of family and life, and they pay attention to daily communation with each other in their life, and their need of grasping information of jobs and interests is strong. Among them the student groups have the parents as their firm supporter. In summary, the development of Chinamobile Communication Bussiness is potential, and the increasing young customers are becoming the main stream.

第四篇文章，第一段，第六条法令？

这次给大家带来如何开发一个自定义库，开发一个自定义库的注意事项有哪些，下面就是实战案例，一起来看一下。当然这个库还处在刚刚开始阶段，功能实现的比较简单，在此发表出来，欢迎大家借此为基础一起去完善它。项目地址：Hoz.js，欢迎大家start，fork，以及提issues。特点声明式的模板语法借鉴redux，flux等的思想，引入状态管理引入virtual dom，diff 算法，提高性能声明式语法 <p id = "app"> <p> <img src="{{moveImage}}" /> <p>{{moveName}}</p> </p> </p>var hoz = new Hoz("app", state, changeStore)var state = { moveName: "", moveImage: ""}function changeStore (state, action) { switch (action.type) { case "SET_NAME": { state.moveName = action.data break } case "SET_IMAGE": { state.moveImage = action.data break } }}hoz.store.dispatch({ type: "SET_NAME", data: "后来的我们"})这就是一个hoz应用，通过简洁的模板语法声明式的将数据渲染进DOM系统。且所有东西都是响应式的。借鉴redux，flux等的思想，引入状态管理在状态管理方面借鉴redux的思想，实现了单向数据流的管理。主要定义了state，action，changeStore，dispatch4个概念。state存放数据var state = { moveName: "", moveImage: ""}changeStore相当于redux中的reducer，存放着对数据的所有操作function changeStore (state, action) { switch (action.type) { case "SET_NAME": { state.moveName = action.data break } case "SET_IMAGE": { state.moveImage = action.data break } }}接收action，执行对应的方法，修改state中的数据。不同于redux的是，redux放回的是全新的state，而它是直接操作当前的state，因为state中的数据已经通过Object.defineProperty方法进行了跟踪，这个后面再将。action和dispatch当想要对数据进行修改的时候，我们必须通过提交action的方式，在changeStore中去修改statehoz.store.dispatch({ type: "SET_NAME", data: "后来的我们"})这个就是hoz的状态管理策略 view -> dispatch -> action -> changeStore -> state -> view好处随着应用的日益复杂，数据量的增大，如果不对数据进行相应的管理，管理不断变化的状态，是非常困难的。状态在什么时候，由于什么原因，发生了怎样的变化都难以观察。这意味着应用中所有的数据都遵循相同的生命周期，这样可以让应用变得更加可预测且容易理解。我们可以从 changeStore 中看到state能够发生的所有变化对state修改的唯一方式就是向changeStore提交action，所以数据的每一次变化都会从一个地方流过，方便我们的debug等操作。引入virtual dom 和diff算法总所周知，由于dom元素的庞大，以及dom操作容易引起页面重排的原因，直接操作dom性能是非常非常差的。所以hoz引入了virtual dom算法，用原生的JavaScript对象去映射dom对象，因为原生JavaScript对象的操作更快更简单。如何映射呢？比如class VNode { constructor (sel, tagName, id, className, el, children, data, text, key) { this.tagName = tagName // p this.sel = sel // p#id.class this.id = id // id this.className = className // [] this.children = children // [] this.el = el // node this.data = data // {} this.key = key this.text = text }}export default VNode只是一个JavaScript对象，代表一个dom元素。我根据hoz构造函数中传进来的 id 所指向的元素作为根元素建立一个虚拟dom树，当数据改变的时候，不直接操作dom，而是在虚拟dom树上进行操作修改。然后通过diff算法对比新旧虚拟dom树，对真实dom进行最小单位的修改。数据响应式原理hoz式如何做到数据的响应式的呢？这里主要通过借助Object.defineProperty方法实现了一个发布/订阅模式，通过Object.defineProperty修改state中数据的getter和setter属性，在首次渲染的时候，在getter中将对应的订阅者添加到一个主题对象中去，当数据改变的时候在setter中调用对应数据的主题对象的notify方法发布消息，通知每个订阅者更新。state -> data -> publisher 一对多的关系 | Dep |view -> {{data}} -> subscribers希望大家借此为基础一起去完善它。项目地址：Hoz.js，欢迎大家start，fork，以及提issues。相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法，更多精彩请关注Gxl网其它相关文章！推荐阅读：前端，HTT，计算机与网络webkit-font-smoothing字体抗锯齿渲染使用案例详解

这是最主要的部分：This is how Pub/Sub works performance wise in Redis.You have two things.1) Subscribers to channels (SUBSCRIBE)2) Subscribers to *patterns* (PSUBSCRIBE)3) Publishers (PUBLISH)You can consider the work of subscribing/unsubscribing as a constanttime operation, O(1) for both subscribing and unsubscribing(actually PSUBSCRIBE does more work than this if you are subscribedalready to many patterns with the *same* client).All the complexity on the end is on the PUBLISH command, that performsan amount of work that is proportional to:a) The number of clients receiving the message.b) The number of clients subscribed to a pattern, even if they"ll notmatch the message.This means that if you have N clients subscribed to 100000 differentchannels, everything will be super fast.If you have instead 10000 clients subscribed to the same channel,PUBLISH commands against this channel will be slow, and take maybe afew milliseconds (not sure about the actual time taken). Since we haveto send the same message to everybody.Also, if you have clients subscribed to 10000 *patterns* publish willbe slower than usually, but the work to do for every existing patternis smaller compared to the work that there is to do for every client*receiving* the message.About memory, it is similar or smaller than the one used by a key, soyou should not have problems to subscribe to millions of channels evenin a small server.Salvatore

before引导的介词短语中it做什么成分？it 是形式宾语。freely available是宾补吗？是的，make+it +adj 的结构中形容词是作宾补。to……it是做状语修饰available吗？是的，【主语S】+BE+ADJ【形容词作表语P】+介词短语的S+V+P结构中，形容词后的介词短语作状语。我觉得：你的看法和语感是很正确的。

接线员

Printed journal dispatched to subscrib...的中文翻译Printed journal dispatched to subscribers 向订阅用户发送的打印日记

Game of phones HBO will lead AT&T"s challenge to Netflix Time Warner"s crown jewel must scale up while maintaining quality IN LATE 2012, just before the release of “House of Cards”, Ted Sarandos, chief content officer of Netflix, declared: “The goal is to become HBO faster than HBO can become us”. Few took him seriously. HBO had a globally recognised brand with some of the best programmes in television, including “Game of Thrones”. Yet Netflix would go on to surpass HBO in subscribers, money spent on programming and, this year, Emmy-award nominations. Meanwhile HBO did not try to become Netflix. It prioritised profits over growth as Jeff Bewkes, then chief of Time Warner, HBO"s parent, looked to sell the company. HBO achieved enviable operating-profit margins of 30-40% ($2.2bn on $6.3bn of revenue in 2017), and was comparatively restrained in its pursuit of high-profile shows (Netflix committed $100m in outbidding HBO for “House of Cards”, and was ridiculed for it). The network also lagged behind in the technologies of personalisation and streaming that made Netflix a killer app. At one point Reed Hastings, boss of Netflix, puckishly joked that the password used by Richard Plepler, his HBO counterpart, for online access was “Netflix bitch”. Now HBO is preparing to launch its counter-attack, backed by a phone giant. In June AT&T finalised its $109bn purchase of Time Warner. The wireless firm, which is also America"s largest distributor of pay-TV, views itself as locked in an existential battle with Netflix, Amazon, Facebook and Google for people"s attention. Facebook and YouTube each command screen time from about 2bn users a month, while Netflix wins about two hours of viewing a day per subscription. With its newly-acquired media assets, AT&T wants to match that kind of engagement. Ma Bell rides out AT&T is pinning its hopes in part on a new subscription streaming service to be rolled out in 2019 under Time Warner"s new banner of WarnerMedia. A bigger HBO will be the “cornerstone” of that strategy, says John Stankey, boss of WarnerMedia. The phone firm hopes video customers will become wireless customers, and vice versa, driving down both churn and the cost of acquiring subscribers. It will join a crowded field: Disney and Apple are launching streaming-video services next year. HBO is not far behind Netflix in subscribers, with more than 100m worldwide (142m when counting subscribers to Cinemax, HBO"s other premium service), including about 40m subscribers in America. Netflix has nearly 60m subscribers in America and 137m globally. But most of HBO"s customers are acquired through a third-party distributor, depriving it of direct customer relationships and data. Under AT&T, HBO will have a better crack at both. AT&T already offers HBO-over-the-internet in America in high-end wireless plans and in packages with DirecTV Now, a streaming pay-TV service (and will do the same with its new streaming product). Eventually AT&T will allow HBO to sell more directly to consumers around the world. With accompanying investments in technology HBO should get a lot more data about what those subscribers are watching. And the new HBO will have a lot more shows to watch. Its budget for programming had grown at a snail"s pace under Time Warner, to $2.3bn in 2017; Netflix increases its spending on programming by an entire HBO or more each year, to $12bn-13bn in 2018. Under AT&T, HBO will spend several hundred millions more on original programming next year, and more than that thereafter. Mr Plepler, who has fretted in the past that he could not say “yes” to everything he wanted, has already started saying “yes” to a lot more. HBO"s slate of big-budget shows in the coming years now includes adaptations of “The Time Traveller"s Wife”, “His Dark Materials” and “Watchmen”. HBO is also developing a prequel to its biggest hit, “Game of Thrones”. Mr Stankey says he wants “a more muscular HBO” that engages customers so regularly that they consider it important enough to keep year round. But HBO will not try to muscle its way into becoming another Netflix, which releases hundreds of original feature films, documentaries and series a year. Netflix sells its product on volume, personalisation and ease of user experience. HBO by contrast wins subscribers through a few hit shows and a reputation for quality television, which could be wrecked by an over-rapid expansion. As the network"s margins may be eroded in the near term, AT&T will need to be cautious. WarnerMedia will already take a hit to revenues as it pulls its content from Netflix to beef up its offer. Yet HBO will still face a challenge to maintain its reputation as it expands. One Hollywood executive reckons that its schedule of original shows is about to double in size in the next few years. Among TV networks, he says, “I don"t think anybody has ever tried to scale it at the level that HBO is attempting to scale it.” AT&T"s bosses show signs of understanding this. Randall Stephenson, its chief executive, has referred to HBO as Tiffany"s to Netflix"s Walmart. Still, making the transition under AT&T will not be easy. In June Mr Stankey told a gathering of HBO employees that the year ahead would be such hard work at times that “it feels like childbirth”. AT&T is expected to surround HBO"S programmes with a variety of assets from WarnerMedia, from Warner Bros studio"s films (such as “The Dark Knight”) and TV shows (like “Friends”) to Turner"s library of classic films. Under Time Warner those assets were farmed out to a wide array of outlets including Netflix, HBO, Cinemax, Turner"s cable networks and niche streaming services like FilmStruck (which will shut this month). If they are consolidated in one streaming product, to be sold alongside HBO, subscribers would in theory have something else to watch between servings of “True Detective” and “Westworld”. “There are nights you want to go to a four- or five-star restaurant,” Mr Stankey says. “But we also know there are nights where you want to get a cheeseburger.” This article appeared in the Business section of the print edition under the headline "Game of phones" ( Nov 1st 2018)

Estimate the slope of the tangent line.____________估计切线的斜率Write a sentence of interpretation for the slope of the graph at point P.写出P点曲线图斜率的解释 In 2005, the total number of cellular subscribers was increased by ________ 在2005年，移动电话用户的总数增加_______hundred thousand per year. 每年几十万(c) Calculate the percentage rate of change at point P. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) 计算P点百分率等变化。(计算到小数点后三位） ___________% Interpret the percentage rate of change at point P. 解释P点百分率的变化 In 2005, the total number of cellular subscribers was increasing 在2005年， 移动电话用户的总数增加了大约by approximately ________ % per year. 每年

We thank you for your cooperation in this matter.谢谢你方的合作。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 Thank you for this lovely present.感谢你送的这件可爱的礼物。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 Thank you for your interest in this company, Mr. Huang.黄先生，谢谢你对本公司感兴趣。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 We thank you for your close cooperation in this respect.感谢贵公司在此方面的密切合作。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter.不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 In fact, nothing is fixed up for you this afternoon.实际上，今天下午没给你们特意安排活动。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 Then this stranger said in a clear voice, " Thank you for this beautiful gift.然后，这位陌生人清晰地说道：“感谢你这美好的礼物。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 Really? Thank you for telling me of this.真的吗？谢谢你告诉我。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 Thank you very much for this precious gift.谢谢你的珍贵礼物。来源：词友 最后更新：2007-04-24 收藏 编辑 历史 举报 I thank you very much indeed for this interview.非常感谢你这次接见。

在他们的帮助下，我们最后完成了我们的任务的翻译

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回答一个，作为笔记，以后忘了可以直接搜索。where引导定语从句修饰big deal，从句一直到pay foraccess to才是谓语，而非pay for后面的动词。a collection of ，a noun of equals some

谁给我一篇关于电视对家庭的影响的英文作文，这个你直接去网站打，我想要电视版家庭，你可以是用英文来找。

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视觉联欢会视觉联欢会是一档西班牙语节目，它是为在美国不断壮大的西班牙人口设立的。它拥有200个分支，13万付费观众。 它每日下午4点至凌晨3点的节目包括电影，拉美肥皂剧，体育赛事（每周二晚间的拳击赛）和特别报道。每个周末，它连播18个小时。视觉联欢会播映西班牙和拉美影片以及有西班牙语配音的电影。从1979年开始，它瞄住各个年龄段的成人受众群并且与西班牙国际网络电视，一个广播和基础有线网络电视，共同经营。两者均现身于银河系1号（卫星电视的名称）。

Starting: Why and how should we use office excel and access to manage files?

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你好，win下面貌似是不能这样判断的，但是貌似可以接受锁屏事件通知，参见api：ISensLogonWindows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7: The subscriber has a maximum of 3 minutes to respond to a notification on the ISensLogon andISensLogon2 interfaces. After 3 minutes, SENS cancels the call to subscribers and unblocks the notification thread. If a lengthy operation is required to respond to the notification, return from ISensLogon or ISensLogon2 as quickly as possible and open another thread for processing.http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16282231/get-notified-from-logon-and-logoff给分

使你的网站在周末拥有更多流量的七种简易方法 Web traffic for most websites drop during the Weekend because less people are using the inter to look for information or checking their favorite websites for new content. This is a natural and inevitable occurrence and a corresponding dip in traffic figures or sales is nothing to be alarmed about. Jay Wilson recently asked if I had any remendations to stop traffic from reducing during the weekends and as a matter of fact I do have some suggestions that might work although they will require some effort on your part. Getting traffic to your site during the weekends is no different from methods monly used to increase visitors to your site during the weekdays. The key is to focus on hitting defensible traffic sources for referral traffic since these are factors which you can control to a certain extent (as opposed to anic search traffic). Seven Easy Ways to Increase Traffic to Your Site on the Weekend Your goal is to target websites with regular traffic flows and large numbers of users and make them referral sources which will send visitors to your website. Naturally you should try to focus on getting targeted traffic whenever possible. These short-term strategies will allow you to get traffic very soon after you implement them. They will not only reduce your weekend traffic dip but may get you even more traffic to your website than the weekdays. I have omitted other long term traffic building methods like building a munity product development joint ventures or affiliate programs because they are not something you can easily implement for immediate results. 1. Neork within Social Communities. This includes posting and interacting with other people on relevant forums social neorks like Facebook news sites like Digg/Reddit as well as blog sites like Blogcatalog or MyBloglog. 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Publishing during the weekend will get you some traffic especially if you have many feed subscribers as some of them will visit your site to read the full article or ments. Smaller sites can also benefit as new content will bring in a *** all amount of long tail search traffic. Future publish your post during the weekend so you don"t have to sit down in front of the puter to write. Asking a question is sometimes the quickest way to put out an extra blog post. The downside of all of these methods (with the exception of paid advertising) is the time-investment. Do you really want to spend time in front of the puter on the weekend? The amount of time needed for these tasks will vary and perhaps it would be better to alternate them each weekend to lessen the workload. Another way to deal with this would be to get someone to help promote your site for the weekend instead of doing it yourself. Learning how to oursource marketing is important even for *** webmasters or bloggers because they can really help your website to grow much faster. If you have the time and interest try implementing some of the tactics listed in this article. I"ll love to hear if it helps you to get more visitors this weekend. 由于几乎没有人会在周末利用网络搜索查找信息或者去查看他们感兴趣的网站是否更新，所以每当周末，大多数的网站流量都会有所下降。 这一现象是正常且普遍存在的，所以无论是流量测量及出售者都习以为常。 然而最近Jay Wilson问到了我关于如何防止流量在周末下降的问题，事实上，对此我的确有点见解，不过这可能需要大家付出些努力。 吸引访客在周末浏览你的网站所需要的做的工作总体来说和平时无二，关键在于要将推广重点集中在那些有流量来源保证的站点上以为你自己带来流量，这些流量来源相对于搜索引擎来说其推广广度是可以控制的。 七种为你的网站在周末带来更多流量的方法 你的主要目标是那些有固定流量以及大量用户的网站，以这些网站为中介，为你的站点带来访客。当然，如果可以的话，你应该尽可能以与你相关的网站为目标。 这种短期策略将在你执行后不久便为你带来实际流量。这将不仅仅作用于周末的流量同时也能为你在平常的日子也带去更多流量。 在此，我会略去的一些长期的流量策略如：建立社区、开发产品、参与合作或建立分支等一些你无法立刻看到效果的方法。 1.社会化网络羣体 在一些网站发布文章并和别人互动交流，比如facebook这样的社区论坛或社会化网络站，又比如类似Digg这样的新闻站，当然还有各种各样的博客站。这些站点永远会有大量的在线用户，你只要选对符合你需要的网站参与进去便可以得到源源不断地访问者。 2.建立一个周末链接诱饵（Linkbaiting） 拥有在流行的社会化网站（如Digg Reddit StumbleUpon等）上投放周末链接诱饵的习惯。这是一个使网站在周末拥有流量最容易最有效的方法。 社会新闻网站在周末几乎得不到新闻，在此时投放诱饵往往容易获得成功。 3.评论博客 尽管多数博客在周末不会更新，但是你依然可以评论。对那些流量大的博客做出评论，且尽可能第一个做出评论。作出中肯的评论可以为你带来浏览了同样博客的访客。 4.以Email带动你的网站 写一封宣传你的网站，介绍商务或者推荐最新最好的文章的Email寄给博客主们。放弃一些产品或酬劳以换取其他发布者为你宣传。 有些博客比如Daily Blog Tips就有做周末快速链接的习惯。向这些博客推荐你自己的网站，如果被其链接，你就会得到一些流量。 5.尝试博客流量交换 博客流量交换是一种通过浏览其他博客文章获得流量的方法。这对一些新的博客来说是非常有用的方法，由于这需要花费你的时间和精力，建议对一些新的博文使用该策略。 6.使用付费广告 为你的网站购买付费广告已获得流量。 在StumbleUpon这样网站上购买按点击次数付费广告及社会媒体广告就可以为你的带去周末流量。这么做的好处是，你不用再为推广做任何事。 7.在周末发表文章 在周末发表文章页可以为你带来流量，特别是如果你的网站有很多订阅者，他们中的一些人会去你的网站查看完整文章或作出评论。即使一些小网站也可以因为新文章带来长尾搜索流量从而受益。 预先发布篇在周末公布的文章，你就不一定要做在电脑前写作了。有时候提个问题是最快速保留博文位置的方法。 所有这些方法（除了付费广告外）的共同的坏处是花费时间。你真的想在周末也坐在电脑前花费时间吗？所有这些工作所耗费的时间是无法确定的，或许在每个周末交替着选用其中几个方法会减少工作量。 还有一种方法是请人帮你在周末宣传你的站点，学习一些营销方法是很重要的，因为即使是业余的站长和博主们也能帮助你的网站快速成长。 如果你有时间有兴趣的话，请尝试一下文章中所列的方法。我很希望听到你通过这些方法在周末获得了更多访客和流量的消息。

船运地址

在他们的帮助下，我们最后完成了我们的任务的翻译

下载电影的意思

其他不清楚，家附近有个高顿就去了，学下来还行，过了8科了

中央舞台 Center Stage (2000)2个满怀梦想的年轻人考入了美国芭蕾舞学院，一场关于青春与激情的“人生舞蹈剧”上演了。由于年终将有6人能有机会进入美国国家芭蕾舞剧团，年轻人都开始了精心准备决定他们的前途的那一场年终表演。 　　舞蹈执导乔纳森（彼得u2022盖勒 Peter Gallagher 饰）和芭蕾舞演员库珀 （Ethan Stiefel 饰）因成为情敌而针锋相对，他们年终将各自执导一部芭蕾舞剧而令到气氛愈加紧张。乔纳森选中了优秀的莫瑞安（苏珊u2022梅u2022普拉特 Susan May Pratt 饰）和极具天赋的爱娃（佐伊u2022桑塔纳 Zoe Saldana 饰），他要将一出经典的芭蕾舞剧完美无暇的进行诠释；而库珀则选中了不够完美的朱迪（阿曼达u2022舒尔Amanda Schull 饰），他决定要上演一出完全颠覆全统的芭蕾舞剧。经典与颠覆之战将最终决定这3个女孩的归宿！

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1～20数字英语单词跟读如下：1:one[wan];2:two[tu];3:three[0ri:];4:four[fo:];5:five[farv];6:six[siks];7:seven["sev(e);8:eight [eit];9:nine[nam];10:ten[ten];11:eleven[r"lev(e)n];12:twelve[twelv];13:thirteen[03:"ti:n; "03:ti:n];14:fourteen[fo:"ti:n;"fo:ti:n];15:fifteenn[fif"ti:n;"fifti:n];16:sixteen[siks"ti:n;"siksti:n];17:seventeen[sev(e)n"ti:n; "sev(e)nti:n];18:eighteen[er"ti:n;"erti:n];19:nineteen[nam"ti:n;"namti:n];20:twenty ["twentr]。英文数字书写规律1、1至12和100、1000等各自独立,无规律;2、13-19以teen结尾,因此,teenagers就是青少年的意思;3、20至90等以ty结尾,与2至9数字前部近似或相同，如，2-two,20-twenty;9-nine,90-ninety;4、100-hundred,自100至900前均以1-至9标注:5、1000-thousand规律与hundred类似。

经典自是经典。曼昆的经济学原理是我所读过的最大众化的经济学专著。称之为大众化，是因为这本书是为大学生编写的教材，作者意图使读者通过本书学习能掌握经济学词汇，理解现实经济现象；称之为专著，是因为自高中以来，所接受的经济学教育简直对理解现在的经济生活一无所用。在此先回顾一下子高中以来所学的政治经济学，那是一本小册子，先从商品讲起，再就是交换，货币，再就是价值和剩余价值，然后是资本，剩余价值率和利润率，再就是竞争和垄断，资本的全球化，通货膨胀，无产阶级绝对贫困化，资本主义经济的固有矛盾，经济危机。社会主义经济以及共产主义经济的特点及优越性。这些概念，用于激发劳资矛盾，加深社会主义必定战胜资本主义的信心，鼓舞无产阶级埋葬资产阶级的热情，无疑是对的。 经济学不仅仅是学者坐在书斋里写写的学问，更重要的是要指导社会生活，并在社会生活中接受检验以证明其真理性。正如物理学要学习欧姆定律，牛顿定律等一样，曼昆的经济学原理也介绍了十条最基本的原理，并从这些原理出发，进行了演绎和发挥。 原理一，经济资源是有限的，人们面临权衡取舍。这一条还需要证明吗？谁都能理解。那么按需分配几乎就是不可能的了。正是因为资源是稀缺的，我们才会在生活中面临着一次又一次的选择。曼昆说：“也许一个人一生中没有一种取舍比工作和闲暇之间的权衡取舍更明显和更重要。”。尤其对于个人来说，时间是最大的稀缺性资源。人的一生是很短暂的，要是把时间都用在怨天尤人上，你就放弃了学会改变境遇的奋斗和追求。更多的把时间用在投机取巧上，就缺少了踏实工作的时间。 人在生活中，会面临抉择，因为资源是有限的，而欲望却是无穷的。如何抉择，就得按照理性人的思维模式了。也必须在“公平”与“效率”间作出合理的选择，所以就有了我们经常见到的我国提出的“效率优先，兼顾公平”。实际上就是选择了“效率”，当然会在必要的时候会采取一些措施来缩小差距，但不管怎样，我国东部地区经济势力是绝对超过中西部地区的。这种选择是非常科学的。第四条原理将会给一个充分的理由。 原理二，某种东西的成本是为了得到它而放弃的东西，我们想工作多挣钱，必然放弃闲暇时间。要想人前显贵，必须背后流泪；台上一分钟，台下十年功，说的就是这个道理。听院士讲座的时候王选曾说过，开发激光照排系统时没有周末节假日，一律工作，当然回报也是巨大的。 原理三，理性人考虑边际量经济生活中的人都是理性的，不要认为别人傻，出现了意想不到理解不了的事情，实际上有很多不知道的内幕。投标时你的价格低反而落标，肯定不是对方傻，宁选贵的，不选对的。处理很多事情时往往考量更多的是边际量，而非yes or no。 原理四，人们会对激励作出反应 由于人是理性的，天然趋利避害，提高存款利率，就会加快货币回笼，存款增多。所谓重赏之下，必有勇夫。所谓乱世用重典 原理5，贸易能使每个人状况更好，由于自然条件的不同，人的天生条件和后续教育的不同，中东出产石油，巴西出铁矿，澳洲出羊毛，日本人会造电器，德国人会造机械，法国人会造香水，意大利人会造衣服，美国人会造电影，每个人都具有比较优势，所以分工提高了效率，贸易促进了福利。在这里让我们回顾一下李斯《谏逐客令〉今陛下致昆山之玉，有随和之宝，垂明月之珠，服太阿之剑，乘纤离之马，建翠凤之旗，树灵鼍（tuò）之鼓。此数宝者，秦不生一焉，而陛下悦之，何也？必秦国之所生然后可，则是夜光之璧，不饰朝廷；犀象之器，不为玩好；郑卫之女，不充后宫；而骏良駃騠（jué tí），不实外厩；江南金锡不为用，西蜀丹青不为采。所以饰后宫、充下陈、娱心意、悦耳目者，必出于秦然后可，则是宛珠之簪、傅玑之珥、阿缟之衣、锦绣之饰不进于前，而随俗雅化、佳冶窈窕赵女不立于侧也。夫击瓮叩缶（fǒu），弹筝搏髀（bì），而歌呼鸣鸣，快耳目者，真秦之声也。郑、卫桑间，《昭虞》、《武象》，异国之乐也。今弃击瓮叩缶而就郑、卫，退弹筝而取《昭虞》，若是者何也？快意当前，适观而已矣。今取人则不然，不问可否，不论曲直，非秦者去，为客者逐。然则是所重者，在乎色、乐、珠、玉；而所轻者，在乎民人也。此非所以跨海内、制诸候之术也。 原理8，一国的生活水平取决于它生产物品与劳务的能力 曼昆在第十八章、第二十四章等多次提到生产率的概念，曼昆对其的定义是：一个工人每小时工作时间所生产的物品与劳务的总量。曼昆引用了著名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的例子，如果克鲁索捕到更多的鱼，那他的生活水平就会提高。与克鲁索一样，一个国家只有能生产大量物品与劳物，它才能享受到更高的生活水平。 为什么世界各国的生活水平差距如此之大，根据中国统计年鉴的资料，我们看到美国在2003年的GDP是109855亿美元，而中国在2003年的GDP是117252亿人民币，显然中国的GDP是低于美国的，中国人的生活水平是低于美国人的。所以，我们必须要提高生产率，认真研究决定生产率的因素，包括物质资本、人力资本、自然资源、技术知识。 原理9，当 发行过多货币时 上涨 货币供给变动会严重的影响经济，所以中国人民银行在作出货币政策时一定要考虑到通货膨胀的影响，在第二十七章《货币制度》中曼昆很详细的谈到了“银行与货币供给”。 高通货膨胀必然伴随货币量的高速增长，假设货币量增加之前，经济是均衡的，当货币量增加时，在现行的 水平下，货币的供给量超过了需求量。因而人们会以各种方式花掉这些超额货币供给，由于经济中生产物品与劳务的能力并没有变，这种更大的物品和劳务需求就引起物品和劳务的价格上升。 水平上升又增加了货币需求量。货币量增加的唯一后果是 上升。 但是无论是美联储还是中国人民银行都不能完全货币供给，因为家庭存款和商业银行选择的贷款量是它们所不能左右的。因此，在一个部分准备金银行体系制度中，经济中的货币量部分取决于储户和银行的行为，部分取决于美联储或者中国人民银行之类的 银行。 原理10社会面临通货膨胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍 经济中 总水平的持续上升就称为通货膨胀，通货膨胀的危害性不言而遇。但是低通货膨胀是否就一定好呢？答案显然是否定的。 曼昆在《经济学原理》第三十三章《通货膨胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍》中很详细地谈到了两者的关系，菲利普斯曲线就很好的说明了两者之间的短期权衡取舍。但很多经济学家对这一观点提出异议。 曼昆是支持菲利普斯曲线的，但不存在持久的权衡取舍。其实，这个道理很容易理解，比喻在长期中，通货膨胀很高，自然失业率是依然存在的。我认同这种观点。 目前我们国家的就业是个大问题，国企职工的大量下岗，应届毕业生的源源不断，虽然暂时失业率控制的还不错，但以后的问题的确很快就会出现在决策者的面前，我国 会采取什么措施呢？但我想现在的 上升是不是 作出的安排呢？或者暂时失业率的稳定是以猪肉从以前的5元上升到如今的8元？中文，你自己翻译

（1）Y=2250，r＝0.5（2）货币供给增加225，Y=2287.5 r=0.485（3）Y=2333.33 r=三分之二。挤出效应为317。 不知道对不对

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边际成本Limit cost无谓损失Meaningless loss机会成本Opportunity cost比较优势Compare advantage完全竞争市场Complete competition market需求价格环境Need price environment 消费者剩余 Consumer surplus公有物品 Public product公有资源 Public resources外部性 Exterior均衡 Balanced供求法则Supply rule