关于狗和猫的英语俚语??

dogking是狗王的意思，如果您说的是dogking币，那就是狗狗币。狗狗币（dogecoin，货币代码：DOGE）诞生于2013年12月8日，作者一位是澳大利亚的品牌与市场营销专家Jackson Palmer，一位是美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的程序员Billy Markus。交易方法Dogecoin基于Scrypt算法，交易确认时间为1分钟，较比特币更加迅速。狗币能风靡全球的原因可能有三个：小费文化，慈善文化，萌文化。

春节联欢晚会上沈腾在小品《还不还》中多次提及“元宇宙里的DogKing”，同名DogeKing加密货币短线暴涨542倍，DOGEKING币的发行量为10，000，000亿枚。狗王大戏开唱，这一唱就唱到大年初七，一个星期的时间，狗王上涨幅度达到万倍，有人说3万，也有人说5万，可能是计算时最低点价格不同导致，但可操作的价格，最低点到最高点，大概是3200倍左右。【拓展资料】Doge King币中文全称是狗王币，是币安智能链上代币，为狗狗币的衍生币种，于2021年11月推出。该币流动性锁定一年，项目完全去中心化和社区驱动。Doge King是基于Elon Musk推广下的SHIB，DOGE，BABYDOGE后的新型通缩式货币令牌，我们将采取燃烧每笔交易的7%，5%分红给持有狗神币的人，2%用作销毁来加快货币通缩速度加快货币价值的增长速度，狗王币自开盘5分钟后即锁定lp流动池地址。公开信息显示，该币为币安智能链上代币，为狗狗币的衍生币种，于2021年11月推出。该币流动性锁定一年，项目完全去中心化和社区驱动，官网并未给出项目背后团队的名称和信息，也并未提供白皮书。虚拟币Dogeking此轮涨势凶猛，业内人士提醒投资者：“虚拟币Dogeking的暴涨，可以看作一种粉丝经济效应。但是，该币种实际应用价值较小，筹码过于集中，很容易出现市场操纵风险。目前的价格暴涨更多来自于营销炒作，后期不排除持币大户抛售离场的可能，因此风险较大。”不管大家是否要投资DOGEKING币，在投资前都应该做好充足的心理准备以及资金准备，不要盲目的跟风，别人说能赚钱就马上投资，不考虑其中的风险。很多时候我们都更加需要有自己的判断能力，做一个有主见的投资者。我们知道OGEKING币的暴涨其实就是一个偶然，而在币圈，像OGEKING币这样的币种其实还有很多，大多都逃不过辉煌之后的落寞，所以我们在投资的过程中也要小心防范其中的风险。

一、注册Gate芝麻开门：点击注册Gate芝麻开门，注册完成之后，下载Gate芝麻开门APP。二、搜索BNB或者USDT，建议购买BNB，因为币安链的钱包需要使用BNB作为手续费。三、点击BNB或者USDT进去，然后购买BNB或者USDT。四、点击钱包，现货里面找到BNB，点击进去提现。BNB提现需要提现地址，地址去TP钱包复制过来，那就需要先注册TP钱包，扫描下面的二维码下载Token Pocket钱包。五、在Token Pocket钱包中创建钱包，创建钱包之后，把助记词写到本子上，保存好，如果手机丢了，可以通过助记词导入到新手机上的Token Pocket钱包中。六、创建钱包之后，默认就会有一个BNB，点击进去，点击收款，然后复制收款地址。七、回到Gate芝麻开门提现，提现地址输入刚刚在TP钱包复制的BNB地址。BNB提现到TP钱包之后，点击加号进入，通过DogeKing的合约地址搜索到DogeKing。八、添加DogeKing之后，在钱包点击发现，找到PancakeSwap（薄饼），点击PancakeSwap（薄饼），输入DogeKing的合约地址：0x641EC142E67ab213539815f67e4276975c2f8D50，点击Import 添加DogeKing。操作环境：品牌型号：小米12Pro系统版本：Android 11版本 MIUI 13app版本：v1.1.5【拓展资料】狗狗币是什么？Dogecoin正确称法是多吉币，不过因其图标是一个搞怪的Dog迷因，在国内被称作“狗狗币/狗币”，狗狗币诞生于2013年12月8日，基于Scrypt算法，是一款虚拟货币。作者一位是澳大利亚的品牌与市场营销专家Jackson Palmer，一位是美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的程序员Palmer。狗狗币起初诞生只是为了讽刺市场上雨后春笋般出现的各种山寨货币，不过后来受到国外知名社区reddit的推崇后，转成了一种小费打赏的电子货币。由于没有预挖，狗币分发公平，慈善、打赏文化深得人心，用户发展惊人迅速。二、狗狗币是否值得购买？关于狗狗币是否值得购买，我个人认为是值得的，我算是今年才了解到狗狗币，说说我认为值得购买的几个原因：1.对个人精神领袖特斯拉CEO马斯克的崇拜，一定程度上可以理解为有马教主背书。2.美国小费文化以及群众共识，这个在reddit上Dogecoin模块的活跃程度可以看见。3.真正有市场共识同时又价格低廉的虚拟货币，被戏称为人人可拥有的虚拟货币，不需要花费很多钱即可拥有。抛弃个人精神信仰来说，最终促使我购买狗狗币的最主要因素是因为它的低价格，即使买个5-6k元囤起来玩玩，亏完也就一个月或者半月工资，目前本文发稿这几天在连续上涨，投机者较多，建议打算入场的等回调后再进，下一个拐点我猜测应该是1美元。三、狗狗币目前走势及价值?狗狗币是一种加密货币，与比特币一样都是数字货币的一种形式，可通过去中心化网络进行点对点交易。与比特币的关键区别之一：狗狗币最初只是一个玩笑，上面添加了狗狗的照片。比特币则是原始区块链的概念证明。这款加密货币的价值在不到一年前曾经只有零点几美元。然而，Reddit和Twitter等社交平台掀起的买入狂潮推动价格拉升，其价值如今已上涨数倍。截至当下，狗狗币的市场价格已经达到0.47美元一枚，按照今日汇率也就是价值人民币3.08元，今日最高已经到达3.9元。

目前狗狗币可以在各大虚拟货币交易所上购买，已经成为了一种正式的虚拟货币，而且狗狗币的价格十分低廉，大家也不用害怕上当受骗，或者是赔本之类的事情。

应该叫犬王吧

Recently, we have seven "family of small guest" - a snail. First let me introduce it to everyone. The Snail family of "boss", "black dick", "La Li", "Voyage", "you", "dandy", "stupid pig". Today, I am pleased to bring them to school,race and other snails.The game is divided into a team (1 people) and the challenge. I was one of the "parents" snail challenge team.From the beginning to now, the challenge is not smooth, the Bureau will lose. Our team of snail "parents" today really disappointed. Look, some bend the brows, blame their own snail not champion good; some pats the table,called "bad luck"; and the spirit of the snails were thrown out. Champion was immensely proud. The snail is the last appearance, we put all their hopes on me. I held my breath, with great care to my "run", "boss" snail out. It slowlyhead out in the air, let the tentacles of a swing, from time to time to touch the ground, as if in the Pathfinder. While the head of a long, heavy hard behind, ready with the champion of "Black Panther" snail play off for the victory.People without blinking an eye stares at the two snails. At first, I was behind many of the snail, anxious I likemonkey jumping up and down, yelled after it: "climb! Climb! "Forward!" "The boss" is finally done in one vigorous effort in a corner,, rushed to the front. Almost to the end, all the music, a lot of it shout "refueling". I seem to hearwhat the snail, it was extended shrink to accelerate the pace, stop for a moment to move forward to climb, climbhuan. The "Panther" seems to have been what shock like, all of a sudden into the crust, motionless. "I win!" I jumped with joy.Team challenge, not! Not only challenge team "parents", even the champion is watching me, envy! "String reallysnail mother", then, I do not know who said in jest, make people laugh. Laughter echoed in the classroom, driftingfar away......

人的听觉一般为16~20000赫兹，超出20000赫兹的频率叫超声，人听不见，狗却可以。歌曲《A Very Silent Night》 （ 《一个寂静的夜晚》 ）就是根据超声原理，为狗制作的音乐唱片，主要包含乐器演奏的音乐和歌唱出来的音乐两种形式。人只能看见画面，却听不见声音，不过整个画面很可爱。链接地址：http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gS-abHVVYQs

沈腾立马高声呼喊道，伦儿，伦儿，你干啥嘞？这么有同学情谊啊。

吃过鲜虾芒果沙拉，26元，4元成本，不想再去。碧波花园那一家，没有直达公车，要走一段路。

KING DOG商标总申请量1件其中已成功注册0件，有1件正在申请中，无效注册0件，0件在售中。经八戒知识产权统计，KING DOG还可以注册以下商标分类：第1类（化学制剂、肥料）第2类（颜料油漆、染料、防腐制品）第3类（日化用品、洗护、香料）第4类（能源、燃料、油脂）第5类（药品、卫生用品、营养品）第6类（金属制品、金属建材、金属材料）第7类（机械设备、马达、传动）第8类（手动器具（小型）、餐具、冷兵器）第9类（科学仪器、电子产品、安防设备）第10类（医疗器械、医疗用品、成人用品）第11类（照明洁具、冷热设备、消毒净化）第12类（运输工具、运载工具零部件）第13类（军火、烟火、个人防护喷雾）第14类（珠宝、贵金属、钟表）第15类（乐器、乐器辅助用品及配件）第16类（纸品、办公用品、文具教具）第17类（橡胶制品、绝缘隔热隔音材料）第18类（箱包、皮革皮具、伞具）第19类（非金属建筑材料）第20类（家具、家具部件、软垫）第21类（厨房器具、家用器皿、洗护用具）第22类（绳缆、遮蓬、袋子）第23类（纱、线、丝）第24类（纺织品、床上用品、毛巾）第25类（服装、鞋帽、袜子手套）第26类（饰品、假发、纽扣拉链）第27类（地毯、席垫、墙纸）第28类（玩具、体育健身器材、钓具）第29类（熟食、肉蛋奶、食用油）第30类（面点、调味品、饮品）第32类（啤酒、不含酒精的饮料）第33类（酒、含酒精饮料）第34类（烟草、烟具）第35类（广告、商业管理、市场营销）第36类（金融事务、不动产管理、典当担保）第37类（建筑、室内装修、维修维护）第38类（电信、通讯服务）第39类（运输仓储、能源分配、旅行服务）第40类（材料加工、印刷、污物处理）第41类（教育培训、文体活动、娱乐服务）第42类（研发质控、IT服务、建筑咨询）第43类（餐饮住宿、养老托儿、动物食宿）第44类（医疗、美容、园艺）第45类（安保法律、婚礼家政、社会服务）

最美女主持今年总台春晚主持人“团队”有位新成员因为颜值过高而被刷屏，观众都在夸她“漂亮”，“又大气又甜美”，有网友希望她能常驻春晚，还上了微博热搜。据小尼爆料，今年春晚导演组给她打电话的时候差点被当成外卖送餐员的电话被挂掉。她就是28岁，身高172的哈尔滨女孩——马凡舒。马凡舒首次主持如此大的跨年晚会丝毫没有怯场，一出现就十分惊艳，落落大方，被众多网友称赞大气。红色的轻纱长裙，温柔中又带着端庄，可谓是绝世美人，俘获了不少网友的芳心。马凡舒，1993年11月6日出生于黑龙江省哈尔滨市。2011年，十八岁的马凡舒参加并获得了《海南国际旅游岛形象大使选拔秀》第四名，从此开始崭露头角。2014年，马凡舒因担任中央电视台《天下足球》节目的主持人而被众多球迷认识。此后，她还连续两年主持了《FIFA Online3》职业联赛全明星赛。2018年，马凡舒因主持俄罗斯世界杯节目《豪门盛宴》获得更多关注！这位美女可是肤白貌美大长腿，被网友誉为是“央视的林志玲”，人气不俗。甚至还有媒体称她为——“董卿的接班人”。让我们期待一下马凡舒在春晚后续会给大家带来怎样的惊喜吧！最催生“我骄傲！”熟悉的声音一响起观众就知道是春晚的熟悉面孔——孙涛登场了。孙涛、王雷、颖儿等带来的《父与子》，探讨中国式父子关系，在小品前半部分中父子总是矛盾不断，父子俩吵得不可开交，儿子宣布媳妇怀孕的时候。家庭矛盾瞬间化解，开始畅想保胎，养胎。被网友吐槽尴尬不已，催生来袭。小品中间部分路人甲向爷爷展示了自己的孙女有多乖，就听爷爷的话后，父亲不但支持儿子放弃稳定工作出去闯，还支持儿子卖房子，还180度大转弯倾家荡产掏出70万支持儿子，也引起了网友对具体问题的讨论。往年春晚小品催婚的比较多，而今年春晚小品开局第一弹就是催生，而且把催生主线贯穿小品始终。你觉得春晚的《父与子》会增加你的生育意愿吗？最真实扎心：还得是沈腾、马丽沈腾和马丽，这两个名字放到一起就是笑点的保证，一出场就成功把晚会的气氛哄向新的高潮，也成功登上微博热搜第一。在今年的春晚中，沈腾、马丽、常远、艾伦主演的小品《还不还》引发了众多网友讨论，沈腾扮演的“老沈”面对同学的催债花式逃脱，发生了一系列啼笑皆非的“故事”。“元宇宙里的DogKing”、“打工仔从小崽就得打工”……小品爆梗不断，网友们直呼“真实”，也有网友感叹“还得是沈腾马丽”。欢笑之余，小品也勾起了很多“债主”的共鸣：“年年讨债年年张不开嘴，好不容易鼓起勇气，讨债未成反又搭钱……”话题#催还钱到底有多难开口#引发大量网友讨论，也有网友反应有人看完小品之后还钱了！还有网友就没那么幸运了，表示希望欠债的人看到这个小品能主动还钱，也有人建议千万不要往外借钱，还有人苦于不好意思开口……你有类似的情况吗？遇到借钱不还的人，你会怎么办？最山东人贾玲、张小斐的神仙组合是另外一个笑点保证，今年她们的小品《喜上加喜》中依旧扮演了一对母女，“人参公鸡”、“勾心豆角”、“小杜鸡肠”……网友笑谈谐音梗算是让贾玲玩明白了。湖北女孩却在春晚上说着北京话、上海话、山东话，贾玲说山东方言也引起了网友们的关注，“哈啤酒吃蛤喇”“我就是觉得山东人特别豪迈”......有些网友听到了熟悉的乡音，倍感亲切。最中国风《只此青绿》剧照画中青峰叠嶂，绿水隐现；舞者眉眼锋利，绛唇高髻，利落甩袖，隐入画中……女子群舞“青绿”登陆央视春晚，以山水人文风骨，颂赞祖国千里江山。网友们“我直接文化膨胀了”“美哭了”“以后节目按照这种程度卷起来”“这个舞可以把在座的各位看哭”。

苹果 男孩 猫 狗希望你们能不能帮助你

忧郁黯然 初入江湖 三级(533) | 我的提问 | 我的回答 | 我的消息(1/2) | 百度首页 | 退出 新闻 网页 贴吧 知道 MP3 图片 百科 帮助 百度知道 > 人文学科 > 中国文学相关问题• 《三国演义》里的人物真不少： • 关羽为什么是大红脸 • 我是流氓我怕谁 订阅该问题您想在自己的网站上展示百度“知道”上的问答吗？来获取免费代码吧！ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------如要投诉或提出意见建议，请到百度知道投诉吧反馈。 添加到搜藏待解决<<三国演义>>里的人物可真不少:___弹琴退__,好沉着;___穿针 悬赏分：0 - 离问题结束还有 23 小时提问者：さ快乐宝贝さ - 初学弟子 一级 答复共 7 条(孔明）弹琴退（仲达 ），好沉着。 （张飞）穿针，大眼瞪小眼。 回答者：colin710 - 经理 四级 7-12 18:59孔明弹琴退仲达→好沉着 张飞穿针→大眼瞪小眼 回答者：都向我开炮 - 千总 四级 7-12 19:00孔明弹琴退仲达 张飞穿针 回答者：泰杨凯龙 - 初入江湖 三级 7-12 19:09(武侯）弹琴退（仲达），好沉着。 （张飞）穿针，大眼瞪小眼。 回答者：sadmans - 秀才 三级 7-12 20:50(孔明）弹琴退（仲达 ），好沉着。 （张飞）穿针，大眼瞪小眼 回答者：titainiya - 秀才 三级 7-14 03:38(孔明）弹琴退（仲达 ），好沉着。 （张飞）穿针，大眼瞪小眼 回答者：dogking57 - 门吏 二级 7-20 17:04孔明）弹琴退（仲达 ），好沉着。 （张飞）穿针，大眼瞪小眼。 回答者：非主流_ - 初入江湖 二级 7-24 18:41我也来回答： 回答即可得2分，回答被采纳则获得悬赏分以及奖励20分。 积分规则回答字数在10000字以内 参考资料： 如果您的回答是从其他地方引用，请表明出处。 匿名回答

　　1 The Felidae Family　　Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah)　　Range and Habitat　　Cheetahs range in the savanna regions of sub-Saharan Africa, and east of the rainforests in central Africa. A small population of approximately 200 cheetahs also occur in the Caspian Sea area in the countries of Iran, Turkey and Turkmenistan. Their range used to extend farther east to the Middle East and India, but have been eliminated and are thought to be extinct in these countries. The largest cheetah population exists in Namibia, with an estimated 2,000-3,000 cheetahs. However, even here their future is not secure, because Namibian farmers loose 10% of their livestock to cheetahs.　　Physical Appearance　　The cheetah is the most canid of all felines. They are adapted for running very fast. Males are slightly larger than the females. Cheetahs are shaped very differently from other felines. They have long, thin legs; a very lithe body (the same tapering shape as a greyhound); a very small and rounded head; and a very long thin tail that the cheetah uses as a balance when it runs. The cheetah has a yellowish-tawny-golden color coat with white underbody and face, and solid black spots all over its body, and a thick black tear stripe that runs from the inside corner of its eyes to its mouth. Their canine teeth are proportionately small for a cat, in order to make room for their enlarged nasal passages. Cheetahs claws don"t retract completely, and their feet are wider in relation to their body size. The soles of their feet are covered with rough scaly pads, in order to grip the ground while they run. All these characteristics help to make the cheetah the fastest land animal on the planet.　　Unfortunately, though the cheetah"s body was designed for speed, it was not designed for endurance, it is a sprint runner. Cheetahs can only keep up their fastest pace (70 mph) for 400 yards before their body overheats and their muscles begin to tire and produce lactic acid from exhaustion. In fact, the cheetah"s body temperature can rise to over 105 degrees Fahrenheit, a fatal temperature. In order to help them get enough air to their huge lungs while they run, their nasal passage is very large and short. Their heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, and adrenal glands are larger, which also aid in the circulation of oxygen rich blood to the muscles.　　The cheetah is poetry in motion when it runs. It has an extremely flexible spine, which it can flex and twist to increase its stride up to 20 feet in a single bound! Its hip, ankle, wrist and shoulder joints are also very flexible, as the cheetah sprints and dodges in numerous angles to catch its prey, and needs to be able to maneuver in a split second. The long thick tail acts as a rudder, and by flailing the tail around the cheetah can steer itself at very high speeds.　　They are very easy to distinguish from the other large African spotted cat, the leopard, because they look so different. They have spots, whereas the leopard has rosettes. The cheetah is much smaller and thinner, and its legs are longer and very thin, where the leopard is much heavier and more muscular with proportionately shorter legs. The cheetah"s head and muzzle is more rounded and smaller than the leopards, and the leopard can jump up in trees and stalk on the ground, whereas the cheetah is restricted to staying on the ground.　　2 The Felidae Family　　King Cheetah　　For years, strangely marked skins from cheetahs have come out of Africa, as well as reports of a strangely-marked giant cheetah. In 1975, in Kruger Park, South Africa, cryptozoologists Paul and Lena Bottriell observed and photographed a king cheetah. It was larger than a normal cheetah, and had strange blotchy markings on its body. They were able to obtain mounted specimens of these creatures to study.　　At first, people felt that this new animal was a hybrid cheetah-leopard cross. Some king cheetahs were captured, and genetic tests done on them determined that this was false. The unusual coat pattern was caused by a recessive allele (gene), which was known as the "tabby gene", because the same gene in domestic cats controls the tabby markings on them. King cheetahs are the same species, and can interbreed with normal cheetahs and produce fertile young of both types. King cheetahs can breed with each other and produce fertile young of both sexes. And king cheetahs can be born to a normal cheetah pair. The king cheetah is not a subspecies of cheetah, but unusually marked indivuduals within a population. The king cheetah turns up in clumps within populations, and are widespread throughout Africa.　　In 1981, in the DeWildt cheetah center in South Africa, a "king" cheetah was born. It was the first king cheetah born in captivity. They have the same body structures as a normal cheetah, but the markings are bigger and all the spots are connected in a blotchy pattern. This new mutation is giving biologists hope, as they believe that such mutations may mean that the cheetah is beginning to regain some genetic diversity. Such mutations rarely exist in the wild, but they have been seen.　　Diet and Hunting Behavior　　Cheetahs prefer to eat small ungulates: the Thompson"s gazelle, Grant"s gazelle, impala; and even occasionally rabbits. The cheetah eats as much of the prey it caught as it can, and does not return to its kills because it cannot defend them. The cheetah trades speed for strength. It hunts during the day so as not to come into contact with more nocturnal predators as lions and hyenas, who kill their cubs and eat them, and will kill the mother if they can catch her. The cheetah is the most successful solitary hunter, succeeding in up to 70% of their hunts. This is due to the fact that the cheetah is specialized, and by no means reflects on the cheetahs ability to catch a wide variety of prey. The only other hunter that is more successful than the cheetah is the African wild dog, which is the most successful cooperative hunter, catching up to 80% of their hunts.　　Cheetahs hunt by sight, sometimes standing atop termite mounds to survey their surroundings. Once the desired prey is sighted, the cheetah silently stalks it, until it is within 50 - 100 yards of it. Then it explodes into action, and chases its prey across the savannah. The cheetah"s very flexible spine allows it the greatest running stride of all the big cats. It uses its long tail to balance it while it chases down its prey. And its extremely flexible hips allow it to make sharp turns. Once the prey is within reach, the cheetah uses its front paws to try and knock the legs out from under it. It then kills its prey by a choke hold from their small canines. During the hunt, they run so fast that their body temperature can reach up to 105 degrees farenheight, which can kill. So they can run very fast but don"t have very good endurance. Unfortunately, after all this effort, the exhausted and overheated cheetah usually cannot eat, because larger predators can easily take it away from the tired cheetah, who even if she wasn"t exhausted form the chase could not defend her food from them. Unlike most other carnivores, cheetahs never scavenge. They must eat fresh killed meat.　　3 The Felidae Family　　Reproduction and Life Cycle　　Females reach sexual maturity at 2-3 years, and males at 3 years. Mating can take place year-round, but peaks during the rainy season (November to May). Like most cats, cheetahs are mating-induced ovulators, which means that they do not ovulate until after mating has occurred. In order for mating to take place, the female cheetah lays down and raises her rear end in the air, in a position called lordosis. The male cheetah"s penis, like all carnivores, has a bone called the baculum, which serves to stimulate the female cheetah"s vaginal wall. Also on the male cheetah"s penis are tiny backwards facing spines, which are found only in the cat family. They are believed to provide stimulation for ovulation. The act of copulation itself lasts only a minute or two at most. They may mate several times a day, and the oestrus period, or receptive time of the female, lasts up to fourteen days.　　After a gestation period of 90 - 98 days, she gives birth to 1-3 cubs in a burrow made in thick grass. The cubs weigh 250 - 300 g (8.8 - 10.6 oz) when they are born. They stay in the burrow for 8 weeks. During this time, the mother moves her cubs constantly to avoid detection by predators. Their first teeth come in at 3-6 weeks of age, and are replaced by adult teeth by 8 months old. Until the cubs are 3 months old, they are covered with a long, fuzzy grey coat, which gradually falls out and their sleek, spotted coats fill in. This unusual coloration is thought to be camouflage for the cubs. Cubs are weaned at 4 months old, but continue to stay with their mother until they are about a year and a half old. During this time they are taught how to hunt. Infant mortality rate is 71% before 2 months, and 95% from two months to 1 year old. The high infant mortality rate is due to starvation, disease, and predation by lions, baboons and hyenas. Those that do survive take 1 1/2 years to mature, and in that time they stick with their mother to learn how to hunt. She will not breed until her cubs either all leave her or die. Cheetahs can live for up to 15 years in the wild.　　Social Behavior　　Cheetahs are generally solitary and diurnal (active in the daytime) by nature, but they are actually more social than most felids, except the lion. They are most active during the daytime to aviod conflict with the more nocturnal lion and hyena, which are the cheetah"s main enemies besides man. Females are usually found alone escept when she has young, and males live in coalitions of two to five members, trios being the most common. In areas of eastern and southern Africa, where other large predators have been eradicated, cheetahs are often seen in groups of 14 - 19 individuals. The males and females only get together to breed. After conception, the males leave the females and rejoin their coalitions. In these coalitions, the males live and hunt together, protecting one another from lions and hyenas, and providing food for everyone in the coalition, since it is easier to hunt in a group. Coalitions of cheetahs also have better success rates in establishing and maintaining a territory, and finding mates. Sometimes, a small family group consisting of males and females form. They hunt together as well, and are more successful than loners. The practice mutual grooming, which establishes bonds between members of the coalition. All cheetahs, whether they are the members of a coalition, or the lone cheetah, regularly mark off their home ranges with urine.　　4 The Felidae Family　　Cheetahs communicate with each other using a variety of sounds. Cheetahs don"t meow, but they do chirp and squeak. Mother cheetahs chirp to call their young. They also purr to show contentment and growl to show aggression. Cheetahs also communicate using body language, like other cats. Flattened ears and bared teeth mean aggression, and this is accentuated by white spots on the backs of black ears.　　Threats　　All cheetahs are endangered due to excessive hunting for their skins, and severely inbred because of a plague that swept across Africa in the last Ice age over 10,000 years ago, leaving only a few thousand cheetahs. The animals also have a low recovery rate, and were unable to mutate to produce a more genetically stable population. Those that survived and dodged the bullets of hunters were responsible for perpetuation of the species. Because there was such a small gene pool left, all African cheetahs today are descended from these few hundred cheetahs, so most are related. This can be proven by comparing coat patterns. All marked animals (those with spots, rosettes, or stripes) have their own unique patterns. Several cheetahs have shown similar, if not near identical, coat patterns; even those that are several thousands of miles apart. Biologists have also noticed that skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs in zoos take, instead of being rejected as they normally would. Thus, the world of the cheetah looks very dim, as no new genetic material can be introduced. Cheetahs have a sperm count that is 90% lower than a tiger or lion, and on top of that, 75% of the sperm are abnormal, having multiple tails, no tail, multiple heads, and even no heads. Captive breeding programs have not been successful, as cheetahs will not readily breed in captivity, and unfortunately, the offspring produced usually die.　　Cheetahs are also threatened by lions, who will kill adult cheetahs if they can catch them, and kill their cubs when they find them hidden in the grass. Lions and hyenas also steal the cheetah"s kills, and since the cheetah is smaller, weaker, and cannot rick any physical damage, must relinquish its hard-earned kill.

不至于这么多吧

dog1、Let sleeping dogs lie. （Don"t wake a sleeping dog. ）莫惹是非。2、He died like a dog. （He died a dog"s death.）他死得很惨。3、He led a dog"s life. 他过着贫困的生活。4、This country is going to the dogs. 这个国家要垮台了。cat1、A cat may look at a king. ［谚］猫也可以看国王。（指小人物也应该有些权利）2、There is nothing for it but to wait and see how the cat jumps. 眼前只有静待，看看事情如何转变。3、Has the cat got your tongue? 你为什么不吭声？（猫把你的舌头叼去了吗？）1 英语中的Cat译句：He is one of the literary fat cats. 错译：他简直是只大肥猫。也许是加菲猫动画片的流行会一些人译出这样的句子来，“大肥猫”是什么形象？其实fat cat是很早就有的一个俚语，意思是“有权有势的人”、“大亨”，所以原句的意思是：他是文学界的显赫人物。 英语中关于cat的习语很多，但是比作人时，一般给人的联想都不太好，也许是因为cat常和巫婆在一起，迷信认为遇到black cat是不吉利的征兆。说一个人(as) sick as a cat是说该人“病得厉害”，尤其指“恶心想吐”；一个(as) weak as a cat的人“身体非常虚弱”；cat in the pan则是“叛徒”。 英语中常用cat指恶意伤人、包藏祸心的女人，把脾气很坏的老太婆称之为old cat。由cat加上后缀的catty指“爱搬弄是非的人”，而cattish的意思是“狡猾的”。表示反对或嘲笑的嘘声被称为cat call。　　 英语文化中认为猫有九命（A cat has nine lives），生命力特别强；谚语A cat may look at a king的意思是“地位再低微的人也有自己的权利”。有些习语很形象，如：like a cat on hot bricks类似于汉语的“热锅上的蚂蚁”；let the cat out of the bag是“露出马脚”。　　 猫和老鼠的关系几乎所有文化都类似。英语中的When the cat"s away the mice will play.很有点“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”之意。动词短语play cat and mouse with someone是像猫抓住老鼠时不马上吃掉，而是捉住又放掉，然后又捉住那样折腾玩弄。至于英语习语中体现的猫和豿的关系也好理解，一般不会和睦相处，live a cat and dog life是“整天吵架不和”。　　 大家都知道It rains cats and dogs.是“大雨倾盆”的意思，但是这一说法的来源至今仍有不同意见，一说源自古代斯堪的那维亚神话：雨中巫婆骑着猫通过，而雨神乘的是一条豿。还有一个说法：古代街道排水设施太差，一下大雨，许多猫和豿都被淹死，雨水流走后，街上满是猫和豿的尸体。第三个说法是该成语来自希腊文的catadupe，意为“瀑布”，下瓢泼大雨时犹如瀑布，后来慢慢演变成了rain cats and dogs。

他们之前是合作过一首歌曲，叫我的爱情的。之前他们两个合作就被很多的人喜欢，相信这次肯定会有很多的人买这个杂志。

1Shall we2will you

某些回答说这句话的出处是Alfred Tennyson的Ulysses，属实是纯粹的无稽之谈，Alfred Lord Tennyson的Ulysses甚至没有出现过“Dog”这个字不知道你们在说什么

太少分了。

什么狗不咬？

a jellyfish软弱无能的人as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌a dirty dog下流坯Dog will not eat dog盗亦有道A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命

dogking是狗王的意思，如果您说的是dogking币，那就是狗狗币狗狗币（dogecoin，货币代码：DOGE）诞生于2013年12月8日，作者一位是澳大利亚的品牌与市场营销专家Jackson Palmer，一位是美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的程序员Billy Markus。交易方法Dogecoin基于Scrypt算法，交易确认时间为1分钟，较比特币更加迅速。狗币能风靡全球的原因可能有三个：小费文化，慈善文化，萌文化。

Dogeking是狗狗币的衍生代币,是币安智能链BSC上代币。来自于2020年沈腾的小品中狗狗币（dogecoin，货币代码：DOGE）诞生于2013年12月8日，作者一位是澳大利亚的品牌与市场营销专家Jackson Palmer，一位是美国俄勒冈州波特兰市的程序员Billy Markus。交易方法Dogecoin基于Scrypt算法，交易确认时间为1分钟，较比特币更加迅速。狗币能风靡全球的原因可能有三个：小费文化，慈善文化，萌文化

Recently, we have seven "family of small guest" - a snail. First let me introduce it to everyone. The Snail family of "boss", "black dick", "La Li", "Voyage", "you", "dandy", "stupid pig". Today, I am pleased to bring them to school,race and other snails.The game is divided into a team (1 people) and the challenge. I was one of the "parents" snail challenge team.From the beginning to now, the challenge is not smooth, the Bureau will lose. Our team of snail "parents" today really disappointed. Look, some bend the brows, blame their own snail not champion good; some pats the table,called "bad luck"; and the spirit of the snails were thrown out. Champion was immensely proud. The snail is the last appearance, we put all their hopes on me. I held my breath, with great care to my "run", "boss" snail out. It slowlyhead out in the air, let the tentacles of a swing, from time to time to touch the ground, as if in the Pathfinder. While the head of a long, heavy hard behind, ready with the champion of "Black Panther" snail play off for the victory.People without blinking an eye stares at the two snails. At first, I was behind many of the snail, anxious I likemonkey jumping up and down, yelled after it: "climb! Climb! "Forward!" "The boss" is finally done in one vigorous effort in a corner,, rushed to the front. Almost to the end, all the music, a lot of it shout "refueling". I seem to hearwhat the snail, it was extended shrink to accelerate the pace, stop for a moment to move forward to climb, climbhuan. The "Panther" seems to have been what shock like, all of a sudden into the crust, motionless. "I win!" I jumped with joy.Team challenge, not! Not only challenge team "parents", even the champion is watching me, envy! "String reallysnail mother", then, I do not know who said in jest, make people laugh. Laughter echoed in the classroom, driftingfar away......

1.TwoStepsFromHell的音乐作品是不错的选择，推荐几个：BlackBlade-TwoStepsFromHelloceanprincess-TwoStepsFromHellMerchantPrince-TwoStepsFromHellundyinglove-twostepsfromhellmagika(《龙OL》预告片配乐)-TwoStepsFromHell2.X-RayDoghopealways-X-RayDogtimelinechoir-X-RayDogherecomesthekinginstrumental-X-RayDogGiantSlayer(Remix)-X-RayDog3.Audiomachineakkadianempire-AudiomachineBreathandLife(奥斯卡电影《斗士》预告片背景音乐)-audiomachinedanuvius-AudioMachineGuardiansAtTheGate(电影《阿凡达》预告片背景音乐)4.Immediateoneman"scourage一个男人的勇气-ImmediateMusicprometheusrising-ImmediateMusicavenger-ImmediateMusiclibertyshield-immediatemusic还有好多，不一一列举了。

你好！king baby dog金宝贝狗

哪种狗既不叫也不会咬人？答案是：hot dog 热狗

歌曲名:funnel king歌手:dog eat dog专辑:all boro kingsWake up Monday nothing newWeekend has caught up with youLie in bed hold your headPray to god you ain"t deadAlarm clock rings out like a bellDog Eat DogStart this day a living hellTake a breath and what"s that smell?Well it smells like shit... but you can"t tellJust like you - always thereJust like you - never careJust like you - head"s in a slingJust like you - the Funnel KingPuke it out think its goneBut you"re in for a marathonLips are blue eyes are goneGarb the rim just hold onThis is like a weekly thing"Cause you are the funnel thingOK now but you ain"t done...Just wait until next Monday comesKnock knock knockin" at your doorNever ever gonna drink that filthy beetno morehttp://music.baidu.com/song/14036821

歌曲名:Hound Dog歌手:Albert King专辑:Blues For Elvis: King Does The King"S ThingsArtist: ScorpionsAlbum: Tokyo TypesTitle: Hound DogBy: 许船Music: LeiberYou ain"t nothing but a hound dogCrying all the timeYou ain"t nothing but a hound dogCrying all the timeYou ain"t never caught a rabbitAnd you ain"t no friend of mineWhen they said you was high classedIt was just a lieWhen they said you was high classedIt was just a lieYou ain"t never caught a rabbitAnd you ain"t no friend of minehttp://music.baidu.com/song/7543181

什么样的狗从不咬人和叫唤

一般骂人是 Fuck you; 如果是用fucking 使用在句子了 比如: you are a fucking dog.希望采纳 谢谢~！

英语谚语: Every dog is a lion at home 中文意思: 夜郎自大。 随机推荐10条英文谚语： Love needs no teaching 爱情无需教导。 Love not at the first look 切莫一见钟情。 Lovers live by love as larks live by leeks 情侣靠爱情生活，正像云雀靠韭葱生活一样。 Love rules his kingdom without a word 维持爱情，不用强力。 Love rules without a sword and bind without a cord 爱的统治不用刀枪，捆绑不用绳索。 Love should not be all on one side 爱情不应是单方面的。 Love sought is good but given unsought is better 追求而得的爱情固然美好，但不经追求而得的爱情更为美好。 Love thy neighbours as thyself 爱邻如爱己。 Love understands love; it needs no talk 爱情可以意会，无需言传。 Love will find out the way 爱情会自找出路。 英语谚语: Every dog is a lion at home 中文意思: 夜郎自大。

RAP

古巴－姜花、百合，土尔其－郁金香，巴西－卡特兰，芬兰－铃兰，越南（无），墨西哥－大丽花、仙人掌，韩国－木槿，荷兰－郁金香，马来西亚－扶桑，泰国－索馨、睡莲，西班牙－香石竹，中国－牡丹（未定），美国－月季，英国－狗蔷薇，澳大利亚－金合欢、桉树，加拿大－糖槭，法国－鸢尾，德国－矢车菊，日本－樱花、菊花，俄罗斯－向日葵，新西兰－桫椤、四翅槐，意大利－雏菊、月季，印度－荷花、菩提树楼下的,我服你了

I have a dog . 意思：我有一只狗。 I have the dog. 意思：我的狗。the 是定指a是泛指是不定冠词.the是定冠词.a和an用法:1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示"一" There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。 2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。 3. 表示"某一个"的意思 A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。 4. 表示"同一"的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。 The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。 5. 表示"每一"的意思 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。 6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。 7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个 Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。 8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an" There is an hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。 9. 在such a，quite a句式中 He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Don"t be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。 10. 在感叹句 what...的句式中 What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 11.用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） a great deal of 大量 定冠词the的用法:1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。 3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him. 从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。 4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 7. 表示方向、方位 in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边 8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河 the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 用在the very强调句中 This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。 13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中 The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。 14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 15. 某些固定的表达法 in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往...去的路上 16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法 A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.

拉不拉多犬是猎犬的一种。它们的爪子上带游泳的蹼，在找回猎物时非常有用，所以也就得名猎犬。拉不拉多，发现于加拿大纽芬兰岛，是在世界上最受欢迎的品种。而且，最赚钱、最受欢迎的也是在加拿大、美国（1991后）和英国注册的品种。它们还以能够协助人类著称，像在加拿大、美国、澳大利亚、英国等好多国家，被广泛的应用于警察和其他政府团体领域，来协助他们探测和工作。通常，拉不拉多是运动型的，喜欢游泳，玩捕捉和找回的游戏，而且对小孩非常友善。

歌曲名:King Of Kings歌手:Raekwon专辑:The Lex Diamond StoryBehold the King, the King of Kings.On your knees dog. All hail.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.The King grinned red as he walked from the blaze,Where the traitor lost both his name and his face.Through the halls and the corridors stinging in blood,He tasted his grin and it tasted good.The King took his head. Left him broken and dead.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.The King left none living, none able to tell.The King took their heads and he sent them to hell.Their screams echoed loud in the place of their death.Ripped open they died. With their final breath.They hailed to the King, the King of Kings.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Into the dirt, his will be done.Now feel your fear, there can be only one.Bow down, bow down, bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down to the...Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down, bow down.The King is here, now feel your fear.The King of Kings.All hail, all hail the King.On your knees, on your knees for the King.The King of Kings, there is only onehttp://music.baidu.com/song/10261665

One manu2019s best friend and choice only he could make.This is the story of a dog named Spook. From his nose to the point of his tail, he was the king as a king, he ruled me with love.When I was called into the army, I had no closed friend to take care of my dog ,for a long time I thought about what I should do with him .At last I put Spook in the car ,we went to a little valley where I used to stay in the summers ,the man who owned the small-town store was an old friend ,we had often gone hunting together. Would he take Spook? Would he hunt with him ? and ,most of all. would he love him?Yes, the man said .he would take him and hunt with him and take care for him ,but he said nothing of love ,for though people may write this word,they almost never use it, I watched him as he patted the dogu2019s head,the hand was gentle,Spooku2019s tail moved,but his eyes were looking at my face.Without a word ,I got into my car and went away .After I went into the army,I wrote to my friend ,asking about Spook,there was no answer ,each place I was went to after that was farther away,from each place I wrote a letter .no answer ever came. I began to write to other friends in the town, asking about my dog,some of them answerd,but no one told about the dog,Spook must have died,I thought ,I gave up asking ,and tried not to think about the dog.Four years went by,I finished my time in the army,I had a wife now,and we lived in the city,when summer came, we wanted to go to the town where I had left Spook,as we put the bags in the car,laurette,my wife,asked,”what if we see your Spook?”“He died,”I said,After a day in the car,.we came to the small town,I headed for the store,I left laurette in the car and went inside,my friend acted as though we had talked only a day or two before ,he acted as if there had never been a dog, I couldnu2019t stand it any longer .”what happened to Spook?” I asked,“why ,”said my friend, ”nothing happened to him,he is as well as you or I ,I saw him only the other day,”In surprise I asked,”what do you mean,you saw him?donu2019t you have him anymore?”“ I was called into the army too,”he said ,”so I gave Spook to a man who lived near here.”“who is he ?”I asked.“oh ,Spooku2019s not there now,he lived in five or six places after that .lives up with some people name crocker now,but we all see him,he visits around,heu2019s valley dog now.”“a valley dog?”“on his own,goes here and there,heu2019s in fine shape.in the fall a man goes out and there Spook is ,ready to go hunting ." there was nothing to say ,i could tell he thought the life of a valley dog was the best life any dog could have.i went back to the car without saying a word. my wife was quiet for a time,then he said,"Spooku2019s alive ,isnu2019t he ?”I nodded my head.“will you try to see him?”“sure,” I said .”why not?”“it would only hurt you ,and him,too,” lautette said .”donu2019t try to find him.”“do you think he could remember me u2013after all this time ?”We didnu2019t talk about it again.Time went by,and we went swimming and fishing ,but we never talked about the dog.Then one day I saw Spook. I was going up the side of the valley,I stopped to the rest on a rock looking over a field. a boy around twelve years old came out of the trees,then Spook ran out in front of the boy,with the sun shining on his coat,I knew him at once.The boy was walking across the field, but Spook ,as always,raced far in front of him,then back again ,and all the time the sun was shining on his beautiful red coat,I had never seen Spook looking so well or so beautiful, it took them about three minutes to cross the field .,then they went into the trees.When I went back to laurette ,I told her about it,the next time I saw Spook ,laurette was with me ,it was late afternoon ,a heavy rain was failing, we were having dinner on the covered porch of the town restaurant , up the street came a dog—head down ,tail down,he looked as and as only a dog can look when itu2019s wet.As the dog came into the light ,I said ,”that looks like Spook.”The dog stooped,and his head came up,it was Spook.He walked across the porch and came up to my side, he stood there,with water drooping off him coat, and looked up into my face for a minute ,then without a sound or a wag of his tail,he lay down at my feet.he dropped his head in his paws but never closed his eyes, he watched every move I made ,just the way he used tou3002When we walked out,Spook followed us ,when I opened the door of the car,he was the first in,he jumped to his place in the back corner and put his head next to the windowu3002“what are you going to do ?”my life asked.“what can I do on a night like this?”I said.“letu2019s go home,then,”she said.We took Spook to our house, the fire dried out his coat,he lay on the floor between laurette and me,facing me.At about ten,he came over to my chair,placed a paw on my leg ,and looked at me.“what does he want?”laurette asked.“out,”I said. I got up and opened the door for him, the rain had stopped and the moon was up.looking out into the dark.i said,”well ,thatu2019s that,I guess,he will to home now.” And for a minute I wished I had petted him or talked to him in the old way.After a time ,two quick barks sounded outside the door,I jumped from my chair,not knowing what to do.“well ,go on.”laurette said,”let him in.”When I went to bed,Spook took his place on the floor beside me and went to sleep.“this is why I didnu2019t want you to see him again.”laurette said.“but he was only two years old when I left him!after four years,who would have thought he would know me this way?”“donu2019t think of that.”said laurette .” think of Spook . think how beautiful and fit he is ,and remember that he has a good life for a dog,what kind of life would he have in the city? Both of us work,what would he have? A walk in the morning and again in the night? Never any grass or sun ,never to run free,you donu2019t want to take him back to that ,do you ?”“but lu2019m not doing anything !”I said ,”I havenu2019t even petted him .Spook is doing it all himself ,”“ you are the one who has to say .”“all right ,”I said .”he goes back to the crockers tomorrow,”We started out the next day,it was boiling hot,.turning off the road,we came up to the house,when I let Spook out of the car,he was making a crying sound ,noting in the world could have made me look into his eyes.The boy I had seen in the field that other morning answered the door,he looked surprised to see me with thedog,and all the time I talked to him,Spook kept pulling break my hold on him.the boy understood what had happened,he held Spook.and I got back in the car and went away.In a minute I saw him in the mirror ,he was racing after the car ,”the boy let him go!”I cried.I kept looking back .Spook was running and running ,and I knew he would never give up.Laurette cried out ,”do you want to kill him?stop the car!please!”Pulling off the road, I got out of the car and waited,Spook came up and dropped at my feet,laurette was crying.“Spook ,poor Spook ,”she kept saying,”we can take him with us. It will be all right .you can walk him in the morning before you go to work , Iu2019will come home at lunchtime and walk him then, we can work it out.”But I put Spook in the back of the car and headed for the crocker place. Laurette put a hand on my arm.“no,dear,”I said to her ,”last night you were talking with your head,now youu2019re talking with your heart , the head talk is betteru3002”This time I told the boy to put Spook in the house, when we drove away, I drove very fast,All this took place more than three years ago. But even now,after all this time , I have a terrible dream three or four times each year.The dream is aways the same ,I am ne ,in the car,and the same time I am Spook . I run and run, and the car never stops. The hard road hits my paws ,and the hot sun shines down on me ,and I keep saying over and over,”he doesnu2019t want me ,he doesnu2019t want me.”Then I feel a sadness so great that I cannot bear it ,at this point I wake up, and I get out of bed,I have never told lautette about the dream .I stand looking out of the windows,the streets are empty ,the dark ,cold houses,crowd them in ,there are no trees ,and that helps, I make myself think of Spook as I saw him that day in the green field, I see him running free,with the soft grass under his feet and the sun shining on his red coat, that helps,too.I go back to bed and to sleep,but even now,after writing it all down ,I donu2019t know if the decision I made for Spook was right or wrong.

You are a lucky dog. 你真是个幸运儿。to lead a dog"s life形容人过着贫困潦倒、惨不忍睹的生活work like a dog指一个人努力、卖命地工作dog-tired筋疲力尽sick as a dog病得严重You can never teach an old dog new tricks.老古董学不会新东西His bark is worse than his bite.刀子嘴、豆腐心let sleeping dogs lie不要自找麻烦、自讨苦吃

歌曲名:Dogman (Lp Version)歌手:King"S X专辑:DogmanDogmaMarilyn MansonPortrait of an American Familyburn the witches, burn the witchesdon"t take time to sew your stitchesburn the witches, burn the witchesgood is the thing that you favorevil is your sour flavoryou cannot sedate all the things you hateburn the bridges, burn the bridgesdon"t take time to sew your stitchesburn the bridges, burn the bridgesgood is the thing that you favor )evil is your sour flavor )i don"t need your hate )i decide my fate )you cannot sedate all the things you rape ) (x2)i don"t need your hatei decide my fateburn the witches, burn the witchesdon"t take time to sew your stitchesburn the witches, burn the witcheshttp://music.baidu.com/song/7534971

歌曲名:King Of Kings (1990 Digital Remaster)歌手:Prince Far I专辑:Black Man LandBehold the King, the King of Kings.On your knees dog. All hail.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.The King grinned red as he walked from the blaze,Where the traitor lost both his name and his face.Through the halls and the corridors stinging in blood,He tasted his grin and it tasted good.The King took his head. Left him broken and dead.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.The King left none living, none able to tell.The King took their heads and he sent them to hell.Their screams echoed loud in the place of their death.Ripped open they died. With their final breath.They hailed to the King, the King of Kings.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Into the dirt, his will be done.Now feel your fear, there can be only one.Bow down, bow down, bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down, bow down, bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down to the...Bow down to the, bow down to the King.Bow down to the ...Bow down, bow down, bow down.The King is here, now feel your fear.The King of Kings.All hail, all hail the King.On your knees, on your knees for the King.The King of Kings, there is only onehttp://music.baidu.com/song/2690853

let the cat out of the bag 泄露机密 rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 That cat won"t jump. 这一手行不通。 A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命。 A cat may look at a king. 猫也有权看国王。 猫科动物（如猫、虎、狮等） Lions and leopards are some of the big cats. 狮子和豹子是猫科动物A cat may look at aking.猫也有权晋见国王 A living dog is better than a dead lion.一条活狗胜过一头死狮. All the cats are grey in the dark. 猫在暗中都是灰色的。 Care killed the cat 忧虑缠身 The cat and dog may kiss, yet are none the better friends. 猫狗可以相吻，但不会成为好友。 It"s raining cats and dogs. 倾盆大雨 The cat shuts its eyes when stealing creams. 猫偷吃奶油时总是闭着眼睛。 A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。 A cat in gloves catches no mice. 戴手套的猫抓不住老鼠。 A cat may look at the king. 猫有权看国王 The cat is out of the bag. 泄露了秘密；走漏了风声 cat"s paw 为他人"火种取栗"的人 a cat-and-dog life 争争吵吵的日子

workwork 作“作品” 讲时是可数名词.主语是this ,当然选work 了!Your recent work"s been bad; I hope you"re not losing your touch.你最近的作品差了,我希望你能保持你的艺术功力.She"s a very good painter,b...

王世忠。根据查询企查查显示，现任亚德客（中国）有限公司董事长是王世忠。2022年，王世忠家族以125亿财富位列《2022衡昌烧坊·胡润百富榜》第494位。

RAAS医学上是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的意思，具有调节血压的作用。英文全称renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system，可反馈性地抑制肾脏分泌肾素和刺激肾脏分泌前列腺素，使血压保持在正常水平。这个从肾素开始到生成醛固酮为止的调节机制，称为肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统，具有调节血压的作用。

魔力红

原发性醛固酮增多症（简称原醛）是指由于肾上腺皮质分泌过多的醛固酮，而引起潴钠排钾，血容量增多而抑制了肾素活性的一种病症，临床表现为高血压和低血钾综合征群。与正常及高血浆肾素活性的高血压病人相比，原醛症曾被认为是伴有较低的血管并发症发生率的一种相对良性的高血压，但近年来先后有报道，在原醛症病人中，心血管并发症的发生率可高达 14% ～ 35%；蛋白尿的发生在原醛症病人中也多于原发性高血压病人，国内文献报道，分别有22．3%～40．1% 和2．7%～9．2%的醛固酮瘤患者发生蛋白尿和慢性肾功能不全。 醛固酮分泌的调节 肾素－血管紧张素系统是醛固酮分泌的主要调节因素，当有效血容量减少，血压下降。钠离子浓度减低等刺激时，肾小球旁细胞释放肾素增加，进而刺激血管紧张素II增加，血管紧张素II可刺激醛固酮的合成和分泌。钾离子是调节醛固酮分泌的另一重要因素，高钾刺激醛固酮分泌，低钾则抑制醛固酮分泌。ACTH亦能调节醛固酮的合成和释放，但对长期维持醛固酮的释放并非主要因素。[1-5]原醛最常见的两种类型包括肾上腺皮质分泌醛固酮的腺瘤（醛固酮瘤, Aldosterone producing adenoma; APA）及双侧（极少数可为单侧）肾上腺皮质增生（特发性醛固酮增多症, IHA）。其他少见的类型包括糖皮质激素可抑制型醛固酮增多症（Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, GRA）、原发性肾上腺皮质增生（PAH）、产生醛固酮的肾上腺癌或异位肿瘤等。既往临床上醛固酮瘤为原醛的主要亚型，但近年来随着采用敏感的ARR比值筛查，多数早期及较轻的原醛得以获得诊断，这些患者多数是IHA。各种亚型在原醛中所占的比例见表1。[6-8] 肾上腺醛固酮瘤（APA）35%特发性醛固酮增多症（IHA）60%原发性( 单侧)肾上腺皮质增生（PAH）2%糖皮质激素可抑制性醛固酮增多症（GRA）<1%产生醛固酮的肾上腺癌<1%产生醛固酮的异位肿瘤或癌0.1% 表1. 原发性醛固酮增多症的亚型 1. 肾上腺醛固酮瘤(APA)又称Conn综合征，女性多见，占原醛的35%左右。以单一腺瘤最为常见, 双侧或多发性腺瘤仅占10%，个别患者可为一侧腺瘤，另一侧增生。醛固酮瘤体积一般较小，直径多<2.0 cm，边界清楚，切面呈金黄色。醛固酮瘤患者生化异常及临床症状较其他类型明显[9]，其血醛固酮浓度与ACTH的昼夜节律相平行。2. 特发性醛固酮增多症（IHA）特醛症在成人原醛中比例约占原醛总数的60%左右，居第一位，病理特征为双侧肾上腺球状带增生(弥漫性或局灶性)。有学者认为特醛症的发生可能是由于一种异常的醛固酮刺激因子所致或由于肾上腺对血管紧张素II的敏感性作用增强所致，其升高的醛固酮水平可被ACEI及血清素拮抗剂抑制。3. 原发性肾上腺增生原发性肾上腺增生是原醛症中的一种特殊类型，其病理改变类似特醛症患者，可为双侧或单侧肾上腺结节样增生，但其临床及生化表现与醛固酮瘤相似，高血压及生化异常较特醛症更重，一般对安体舒通治疗有良好反应，单侧病变者需要手术治疗。4. 糖皮质激素可抑制性醛固酮增多症(GRA)多见于儿童，明显家族发病倾向，属常染色体显性遗传，正常情况下，球状带有醛固酮合成酶，束状带分泌11β-羟化酶；醛固酮合成酶和11β-羟化酶基因同在第8号染色体。DNA编码区有95%相同。GRA患者上述同源染色体之间遗传物质发生不对等交换。醛固酮合成酶基因与11-羟化酶基因5"端调控序列(均在8号染色体)的编码序列融合形成嵌合体。其基因产物具有醛固酮合成酶活性，在束状带表达且受ACTH控制。该类患者血醛固酮水平轻度升高，血钾常正常，血醛固酮分泌受ACTH调节, 可被小剂量地塞米松抑制，因此GRA可采用小剂量糖皮质激素治疗。[10]5. 肾上腺皮质癌多见于中年人, 无明显性别差异，常因腹部占位或转移性病变就诊而被发现。除醛固酮外, 常同时分泌糖皮质激素及性激素，血、尿醛固酮升高明显，低血钾明显，肿瘤常>5 cm。病理学检查有时也难以明确诊断，如患者有肿瘤局部侵犯和远处转移表现可确诊。6. 产生醛固酮的异位肿瘤或癌：非常少见。临床表现 1. 高血压 高血压是原醛患者主要和早期的表现。随着病程进展，血压可逐渐增高，呈中度及重度高血压，且对一般降压药物治疗抵抗。据上海瑞金医院一组201例原醛患者统计，普食条件下平均血压在164±18/104±11 mmHg左右。美国Mayo临床中心对1957-1986年期间诊断的 262 例原醛患者统计，血压最高为 260/155 mm Hg; 平均值 (±SD)为184/112 ± 28/16 mm Hg [11]，醛固酮瘤患者血压较特醛症者更高。[12]高血压的发病原理与醛固酮分泌增多引起水钠潴留和血管壁对去甲肾上腺素反应性增高有关。但长期的高醛固酮作用有“盐皮质激素逃逸”现象，因此原醛患者血钠并不会明显升高，多在正常或正常高限水平，多无水肿发生。在高血压病程较长的晚期病例，由于有肾小动脉及外周动脉硬化等因素加入，致使醛固酮肿瘤摘除后血压仍不易完全恢复正常。高血压病史久者常引起心脏扩大甚至心力衰竭。 2. 低血钾 部分病例由于大量醛固酮的作用导致尿中钾排出增加，造成血钾降低。早期患者血钾可正常或在正常低限，仅在使用利尿剂、呕吐、腹泻等情况时出现低血钾。随着疾病进展可表现出持续低血钾，常在3.0mmol/L以下。并出现低血钾相关症状。（1）神经肌肉功能障碍可表现为肌肉软弱无力或典型的周期性麻痹，常见于下肢，可累及四肢，重者可有呼吸困难。有周期性麻痹者在西方白人中非常少见，但在亚裔中并不少见[13]。阵发性手足搐搦及肌肉痉挛可见于约1/3的患者，伴有束臂加压征（Trousseau征）及面神经叩击征（Chvostek征）阳性。该症状与失钾、失氯使细胞外液及血循环中氢离子减低（碱中毒）后钙离子浓度降低、镁负平衡有关。严重低钾血症时，神经肌肉应激性降低，手足搐溺不明显，补钾后反而可加重。 （2）肾脏表现：慢性失钾可导致肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性，肾脏浓缩功能下降，表现为多尿、夜尿增加，在男性，有时易与前列腺炎导致的症状所混淆。（3）心脏表现：伴有低血钾的原醛患者可有如下心脏改变a. 心电图为低血钾表现：QT延长、T波增宽、减低、倒置，U波明显。b. 心律失常：可见期前收缩(室性早搏多见)、室上性心动过速。（4）糖代谢异常：低血钾可致胰岛细胞释放胰岛素减少，引起糖耐量减低，这种异常可通过补钾得到纠正。 3. 碱血症 部分原醛患者由于醛固酮的保钠排钾作用，在肾小管内钠－氢离子交换加强，氢离子丢失增多，导致代谢性碱中毒，血pH值、剩余碱和CO2为正常高限或高于正常，尿液pH值为中性或偏碱性。疾病诊断 原醛诊断步骤分三步：①在有原醛高危因素的高血压患者中筛查可能的原醛患者；②进行原醛的确诊试验；③进行原醛的亚型分型及定位诊断。 1. 病例筛查试验 原醛的诊断应具备高血压、血和尿醛固酮增高且不被抑制，血浆肾素活性降低且不被兴奋等条件。既往将低血钾作为原醛症的诊断条件之一，但近年研究发现仅有9－37%的原醛患者有低血钾，因此，低血钾可能只存在于较严重的病例中；只有50%的腺瘤和17%的增生病人血钾小于3.5mmol/L，因此，低血钾作为诊断原醛症的敏感性、特异性和诊断阳性率均很低。目前由欧洲内分泌学会及高血压学会、国际内分泌学会及高血压学会共同制定的“原发性醛固酮增多症病人诊断治疗指南”[5]推荐应用ARR筛查高血压患者中可疑的原醛症病人，包括：①对药物抵抗性高血压，②高血压伴有持续性或利尿剂引起的低血钾，③高血压伴肾上腺意外瘤，④早发高血压或40岁前发生脑血管意外家族史的高血压病人，⑤原醛症患者一级亲属的所有高血压病人。但目前ARR上升至何水平（切点）可以诊断为原醛尚有争议，况且临床检验相关激素受影响因素较多，其仅可做为一项筛查指标。目前各家报道关于ARR的切点多在20～50。比值大于该数值应怀疑原醛症，应行进一步检查。由于许多药物和激素可影响肾素血管紧张素系统的调节，进行检查时尽可能停用所有药物，特别是安体舒通、血管转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）、血管紧张素受体拮抗剂（ARB）类降压药及雌激素，应停用4～6周以上，利尿剂、Beta阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂等停用2周。药物对醛固酮及ARR的影响见表2。如血压过高，为确保患者安全，可选用α受体阻断剂如盐酸哌唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、特拉唑嗪或非二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂如维拉帕米缓释剂等。 药物对醛固酮的影响对肾素的影响对ARR的影响Beta阻滞剂↓ ↑ →↓ ↓↑（假阳性）排钾利尿剂→ ↑↑ ↑↓（假阴性）保钾利尿剂↑↑ ↑↓（假阴性）ACEIs↓↑ ↑↓（假阴性）ARBs↓↑ ↑↓（假阴性）钙阻滞剂(DHPs)→ ↓↑↓（假阴性）肾素抑制剂↓↑↓（假阴性）NSAIDs↓↓ ↓↑（假阳性） 表2. 药物对醛固酮及ARR的可能影响 2. 证实原醛的存在 影响血浆醛固酮的因素很多，基础醛固酮水平测定的意义有限。当醛固酮水平升高时， ARR比值升高仅仅是筛查出高度怀疑原醛的患者，确诊尚需要行醛固酮抑制试验以证实醛固酮不适当分泌增多。目前常用的确诊试验包括盐水负荷试验、高钠负荷试验、氟氢可的松抑制试验和卡托普利抑制试验。（1）盐水负荷试验：盐水负荷试验是确诊原醛症的常用检查方法之一。生理情况下细胞外液容量扩张或肾小管腔内钠离子浓度升高时，肾素分泌受抑制，醛固酮分泌减少，肾脏排钠增多，从而使高钠及高容量状况得以纠正，体内代谢维持平衡；原醛症患者醛固酮分泌呈自主性，不受高钠摄入的抑制。该试验广泛应用于临床原醛的诊断[14]，试验方法为患者取卧位，予静脉滴注生理盐水2000ml，4小时内输完，输注前后测定血浆醛固酮。结果：正常人血浆醛固酮水平下降至138pmol/L（5ng/dl）以下，原醛症者不被抑制[17]。试验的敏感性和特异性均为88% 左右。该试验可加重生化异常，严重低血钾，高血压及充血性心衰患者不宜进行。如图， 盐水输注试验对原醛的诊断价值，原发性高血压患者（左侧），盐水输注后血浆醛固酮水平绝大部分可被抑制至5ng/dl（133pmol/L）以下，而原醛患者（右侧）多数不被抑制 。[15]（2）高钠试验：方法：在高血压及低血钾得到控制后，每日摄入高钠饮食，钠218mmol/天 (约等于NaCl 12.8g)， 连续3天，在高钠饮食的第三日留取24小时尿测定醛固酮、钠及肌酐，24小时尿钠大于200mmol/L说明钠摄入充足，24小时醛固酮大于12mg/24h应考虑自主性醛固酮分泌。该试验的敏感性和特异性分别为96% 和93%[16-18]。严重高血压患者进行该试验时应仔细评估其风险，该项试验进行过程中可增加尿钾排泄，导致低血钾加重，因此试验过程中应加强补钾，并密切监测血钾水平。[19]（3）氟氢可的松抑制试验：患者口服0.1mg氟氢可的松，每6小时1次，共4天，同时应用KCL缓释片进行补充（每6小时1次，使血钾保持接近4.0mmol/L），应用缓释NaCl（30mmol，每日3次与餐同服）以及保持足够的食物盐摄取，以保证尿钠排泄率至少为3mmol/kg体重. 第4日上午10点取血醛固酮和PRA, 患者应取坐位，血浆皮质醇应测上午7点和10点值。 第4日晨10点立位血浆醛固酮>6 ng/dL 同时PRA<1ng/mL/h，血浆皮质醇在10点的值小于7点的值（排除ACTH混杂的影响）则可确诊原醛[20]。该试验目前在临床已较少使用。（4）卡托普利试验：卡托普利为ACE抑制剂，可降低肾素调节的醛固酮分泌。方法：清晨卧位抽血测醛固酮及PRA，予卡托普利（巯甲丙脯酸）50mg口服，2小时后予坐位抽血测醛固酮和PRA。正常人服卡托普利后血醛固酮水平降低，通常降低>30%, 或<416pmol/L（15 ng/dl），而PRA增加，原醛症患者无明显变化。 该试验敏感性约90%-100%，特异性为50%-80%。血钾<3mmol/L时可抑制醛固酮水平(1/3原醛症患者醛固酮正常)，因此，应补充血钾至3mmol/L以上再行上述试验较为可靠。3. 原醛病理亚型的确定原醛亚型主要包括APA和IHA及其他少见类型，亚型鉴别的主要意义在于根据分型可确定不同的治疗方案，详见后述。（1）卧立位试验正常人血浆醛固酮受体位及ACTH昼夜节律调节。卧位醛固酮为50～250pmol/L，至12am 醛固酮下降；与皮质醇水平波动一致。立位(4小时)可刺激肾素-血管紧张素系统，使血管紧张素II增加，醛固酮上升。为增加刺激强度也可加用速尿，方法为肌注速尿0.70mg/kg，总量<40mg，立位时间可缩短至2h。试验前后测定血浆肾素活性、血管紧张素II及醛固酮。结果：正常人立位或加速尿刺激后PRA和醛固酮水平明显升高。原醛患者卧位时PRA受抑制，醛固酮升高，立位时醛固酮瘤者醛固酮水平大多无明显升高甚至反而下降，而特醛症者醛固酮水平上升明显，并超过正常人。（2）地塞米松抑制醛固酮试验原醛症者如发病年龄小，有高血压，低血钾家族史，体位试验中立位醛固酮无升高或反常性下降，肾上腺CT、MRI阴性应考虑GRA，可行该试验。目前有条件的单位对怀疑GRA的患者可作相关嵌合基因检测以证实。方法：每日口服地塞米松2mg，共3－4周，GRA者血醛固酮在服药后可被抑制80%以上。特醛症和APA者服药后不受抑制或可呈一过性抑制（2周后复又升高）。（3）影像学检查 可协助鉴别肾上腺腺瘤与增生并确定腺瘤部位及影像特征B超：可显示直径>1.3cm腺瘤，超声检查对于肾上腺较小病变不敏感，仅作为临床常规筛查。肾上腺CT和磁共振显像（MRI）：高分辨CT及MRI可显示直径>0.5cm的腺瘤，IHA扫描时可表现为正常或双侧肾上腺弥漫性增大或结节状增生。醛固酮瘤患者CT检查常表现为圆形低密度影，直径多小于2cm，切除后大体病理检查呈金黄色。肾上腺皮质癌CT多表现为密度不均质占位，直径多大于4cm。近年来，随着ARR筛查的应用，更多早期、较轻的原醛症患者被诊断，这些患者中CT检查区别APA和IHA并不准确，如在一个研究中发现，瘤体较小（<1cm）的APA患者 CT检出率不到25% [21]，不典型APA单从影像学特点判断可能被诊断为结节状增生（IHA），此时需结合其他功能试验综合判断。磁共振(MRI)对肾上腺病变的诊断作用相对较差，因为大部分腺瘤直径不超过1cm，MRI只用于对CT造影剂敏感病人。放射性碘化胆固醇肾上腺扫描照相：可发现直径在1.3cm以上的腺瘤，可靠性更差，结果常常含糊不清，目前多不采用。（4）双侧肾上脉静脉取血（AVS）近年国内外广泛采用双侧肾上腺静脉分段取血测定醛固酮，以判断体内高醛固酮的来源[22-24]。操作前30分钟开始及在整个采血过程中需连续输入ACTH(5U/h或50mg/h)，以减少因应急诱发的ACTH释放。插管成功后分别从双侧肾上腺静脉及下腔静脉（IVC）取血，同时测定醛固酮及皮质醇，肾上腺静脉与IVC血标本皮质醇比值大于10：1提示操作成功。如一侧肾上腺静脉醛固酮/皮质醇比值大于对侧4倍以上有意义，证明醛固酮为单侧肾上腺（醛固酮/皮质醇比值高的一侧）来源，考虑为醛固酮瘤或PAH。若双侧均高，两侧相差小于3倍，考虑醛固酮为双侧肾上腺来源。该检查的敏感性95%，特异性100%。肾上腺静脉取血为有创检查手段，应由有经验的医生进行，常见并发症为腹股沟血肿，肾上腺出血及肾上腺静脉损伤等。[25]鉴别诊断 1. 先天性肾上腺皮质增生(11β, 17α羟化酶缺乏等) 临床上由于酶缺陷，肾上腺皮质激素合成途径受阻，导致大量具有盐皮质激素效应的中间代谢产物增加，引起高血压、低血钾等。两种酶系缺陷均有双侧肾上腺增生。该类患者常有男性性早熟，女性假两性畸形或性不发育、ACTH升高等特征性表现，易与原醛症鉴别。2. Liddle综合征 又称假性醛固酮增多症, 为常染色体显性遗传性疾病。有家族聚集发病现象，人群中发病呈散发性。肾单位远端上皮细胞钠通道（ENa+C )处于异常激活状态, 钠重吸收过多、容量扩张，血压升高。远端小管Na+-K+交换增加，K+排出过多，H+进入细胞内，造成低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒。低钾与低镁常同时存在。容量扩张抑制肾小球旁器合成和释放肾素。血浆肾素水平降低、低钾血症使醛固酮分泌减少。ENa+C对氨氯吡咪（Amiloride）敏感。氨氯吡咪可以特异性阻断ENa+C，使Na+的重吸收减少，过高血容量和血压下降。低钾血症得以纠正。3. 伴高血压、低血钾的继发性醛固酮增多症（1）分泌肾素的肿瘤：（1）肾小球旁细胞瘤，（2）肾外肿瘤Wilms瘤，卵巢肿瘤等。（2）继发性肾素增高所致继发性醛固酮增多 (1) 恶性高血压，(2) 肾动脉狭窄，(3) 一侧肾萎缩、结缔组织病等。继发性醛固酮增多症者血浆肾素均升高，易与原醛鉴别。疾病治疗 1. APA及PAH：应行腹腔镜手术摘除单侧肾上腺瘤或增生的肾上腺，治愈率70%－90%[26-27]。术前准备包括补钾, 应用安体舒通控制血压，纠正电解质紊乱和酸碱平衡。术后血钾多在1周内恢复。大多数患者的血压可以恢复正常；如血压仍轻度升高，可加用安体舒通及其他降压药控制；血压改善不理想者，可能与长期高血压致肾损害以及动脉硬化有关。术前及后一周，可加用氢化可的松100～200mg/天，一周后逐渐停药。2. IHA：可选用安体舒通治疗，安体舒通为醛固酮拮抗剂，可与肾小管细胞浆以及核内受体结合。用法：120～240mg/天，服药后血钾多于1～2周、血压4～8周内恢复正常。安体舒通在降低原醛患者血压的同时，还能改善由于高醛固酮血症对心肌和血管的毒性，降低心力衰竭和心肌梗死发生率，此作用是独立于降压作用之外；安体舒通治疗有一定的不良反应，主要是由于对孕酮和雄激素受体的部分拮抗作用，临床上可表现为男性乳房发育、阳痿、性欲减退，女性月经紊乱；部分患者难以长期坚持使用。近年来国外应用高选择性的醛固酮受体拮抗剂依普利酮( eplerenone)治疗[28]，剂量为25-50mg，每日2次，避免了上述不良反应。其他药物可选用氨氯吡咪或氨苯蝶啶，钙离子阻断剂、ACEI及ARB等，可用于原醛症患者血压的控制，但无明显拮抗高醛固酮的作用。3. GRA生理剂量的糖皮质激素可使GRA患者血压、血钾恢复正常。对于儿童患者，治疗过程中要考虑到糖皮质激素对其生长发育的影响，应选择短效制剂，采用最低有效剂量(如氢化可的松 10～12 mg/m2 ·天). 也可使用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂治疗GRA，疗效与糖皮质激素相当，并可避免糖皮质激素导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的抑制和医源性副作用。[29]4. 肾上腺醛固酮癌：发现时多已有转移，失去手术时机，可行化疗，用米托坦、氨基导眠能、顺铂等治疗。[30] 参考资料1． Nishimura M，Uzu T，Fujii T，et a1． Cardiovascular complications in patients with primary aldosteronism．Am J Kidney Dis，1999；33(2):261-266．2． 吕朝晖，郑蕾，田 慧。等．原发性醛固酮增多症高血压特点的临床研究．解放军医学杂志，2003，28(5)：419-421．3． 吴景程，汤正义，张 炜，等．原发性醛固酮增多症患者心血管和肾功能指标的改变。上海交通大学学报(医学版)。2006；26：48-504． Funder JW ，Carey RM ，Fardella C，et a1． Case detection，diagnosis，and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism：an endocrine society clinical practice guideline．Clin Endocrinol M etab，2008；93(9)：5． Milliez P，Girerd X，Plouin PF，et a1．Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism．J Am Coll Cardiol，2005，45(8)：1243—1248．6． William F. Young Jr. Primary aldosteronism, In Kronenberg ed: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 11th ed. Saunders, 20087． Fardella CE, Mosso L, Gomez-Sanchez C, et al: Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1863-1868． Loh KC, Koay ES, Khaw MC, et al: Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among Asian hypertensive patients in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:2854-2859.Mulatero P，Stowasser M，Loh KC，et a1．In9． Phillips JL，Wahher MM，Pezzullo JC，et a1．Predictive value of pre．operative tests in discriminating bilateral adrenal hyperplasia from an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma． J Clin Endocrinol Metab，210． McMahon GT, Dluhy RG: Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Cardiol Rev 2004; 12:44-48.11． Young Jr WF, Klee GG: Primary aldosteronism. Diagnostic evaluation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988; 17:367-39512． Blumenfeld JD, Sealey JE, Schlussel Y, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121:877-885.13． Ma JT, Wang C, Lam KS, et al: Fifty cases of primary hyperaldosteronism in Hong Kong Chinese with a high frequency of periodic paralysis. Evaluation of techniques for tumour localisation. Q J Med 1914． Holland OB, Brown H, Kuhnert L, et al: Further evaluation of saline infusion for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 1984; 6:717-723.15． Schirpenbach C. Seiler L, Maser- Gluth C, et al. Confirmatory testing in normalkalaemic primary aldosteronism: the value of the saline infusion test and urinary aldosterone metabolites. Euro J Endocri16． Young Jr WF, Klee GG: Primary aldosteronism. Diagnostic evaluation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988; 17:367-395.17． Young Jr WF, Hogan MJ, Klee GG, et al: Primary aldoster-onism: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic Proc 1990; 65:96-110.18． Bravo EL, Tarazi RC, Dustan HP, et al: The changing clinical spectrum of primary aldosteronism. Am J Med 1983; 74:641-6519． Lim PO, Farquharson CA, Shiels P, et al: Adverse cardiac effects of salt with fludrocortisone in hypertension. Hypertension 2001; 37:856-861.20． Stowasser M, Gordon RD: Primary aldosteronism—careful investigation is essential and rewarding. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 217:33-39.21． Gordon RD, Stowasser M, Rutherford JC: Primary aldosteronism: are we diagnosing and operating on too few patients?. World J Surg 2001; 25:941-947.22． Young WF, Stanson AW, Thompson GB, et al: Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery. 2004; 136:1227-1235.23． Doppman JL, Gill Jr JR: Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology. 1996; 198:309-312.24． 张炜，汤正义，王卫庆，等．肾上腺静脉采血在原发性醛固酮增多症分型诊断中的应用．中华内分泌代谢杂志，2006，22(5)：411—413．25． Daunt N: Adrenal vein sampling: how to make it quick, easy, and successful. Radiographics 2005; 25(suppl 1):S143-S158.26． Rossi H, Kim A, Prinz RA: Primary hyperaldosteronism in the era of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Am Surg 2002; 68:253-256.discussion 256-257.27． Gonzalez R, Smith CD, McClusky 3rd DA, et al: Laparoscopic approach reduces likelihood of perioperative complications in patients undergoing adrenalectomy. Am Surg 2004; 70:668-674.28． Sica DA: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mineralocorticoid blocking agents and their effects on potassium homeostasis. Heart Fail Rev. 2005; 10:23-29.29． Stowasser M, Sharman J, Leano R, et al: Evidence for abnormal left ventricular structure and function in normotensive individuals with familial hyperaldosteronism type I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 20030． Katayama Y, Takata N. Tamura T，et al. A case of primary aldosteronism due to unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Hypertens Res. 2005; 28: 379–384

中国台湾。亚德客气缸是属于亚德克工业股份有限公司旗下产品，亚德客工业股份有限公司的百度官方资料显示是属于中国台湾的企业，所以该品牌生产的气缸也是属于中国台湾的。亚德客，指的是台湾亚德克工业股份有限公司成立时间是1988年，主要是针对于生产电池阀，研发生产气缸，气源处理的产品。

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