summary

summary和paraphrase的词义不同。做名词时，summary是概要、总结的意思；paraphrase是释义、意译的意思。另外summary可以作形容词，而paraphrase可以作动词。

总结 复述

The Queen Summary:The British prime minister and the Royal Family find themselves quietly at odds in the wake of a national tragedy in this drama from director Stephen Frears. On August 31, 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales died in an auto accident in Paris; despite the controversial breakup of her marriage to Prince Charles, she was still one of the most famous and best-loved women in the world, and the public outpouring of emotion over her passing was immediate and intense. However, given the messy circumstances of Diana"s breakup with Charles, official spokespeople for the Royal Family were uncertain about how to publicly address her passing. It didn"t take long for the media to pick up on the hesitation of Buckingham Palace to pay homage to Diana, and many saw this as a sign of the cool emotional distance so often attributed to the royals, which in this case was widely seen as an insult against Diana and the many people who loved her. Prime Minister Tony Blair (played by Michael Sheen) saw a potential public-relations disaster in the making, and took it upon himself to persuade Queen Elizabeth II (played by Helen Mirren) to make a statement in tribute to the fallen Diana -- an action that went against the taciturn queen"s usual nature. The Queen was released the same year that Helen Mirren played Queen Elizabeth I in an acclaimed miniseries for British television; The Queen also gave Michael Sheen his second opportunity to play Tony Blair after portraying the prime minister in the television film The Deal.

For 84 days, the old fisherman Santiago has caught nothing. Alone, impoverished, and facing his own mortality, Santiago is now considered unlucky. So Manolin (Santiago"s fishing partner until recently and the young man Santiago has taught since the age of five) has been constrained by his parents to fish in another, more productive boat. Every evening, though, when Santiago again returns empty-handed, Manolin helps carry home the old man"s equipment, keeps him company, and brings him food.On the morning of the 85th day, Santiago sets out before dawn on a three-day odyssey that takes him far out to sea. In search of an epic catch, he eventually does snag a marlin of epic proportions, enduring tremendous hardship to land the great fish. He straps the marlin along the length of his skiff and heads for home, hardly believing his own victory. Within an hour, a mako shark attacks the marlin, tearing away a great hunk of its flesh and mutilating Santiago"s prize. Santiago fights the mako, enduring great suffering, and eventually kills it with his harpoon, which he loses in the struggle. The great tear in the marlin"s flesh releases the fish"s blood and scent into the water, attracting packs of shovel-nosed sharks. With whatever equipment remains on board, Santiago repeatedly fights off the packs of these scavengers, enduring exhaustion and great physical pain, even tearing something in his chest. Eventually, the sharks pick the marlin clean. Defeated, Santiago reaches shore and beaches the skiff. Alone in the dark, he looks back at the marlin"s skeleton in the reflection from a street light and then stumbles home to his shack, falling face down onto his cot in exhaustion.The next morning, Manolin finds Santiago in his hut and cries over the old man"s injuries. Manolin fetches coffee and hears from the other fisherman what he had already seen—that the marlin"s skeleton lashed to the skiff is eighteen feet long, the greatest fish the village has known. Manolin sits with Santiago until he awakes and then gives the old man some coffee. The old man tells Manolin that he was beaten. But Manolin reassures him that the great fish didn"t beat him and that they will fish together again, that luck doesn"t matter, and that the old man still has much to teach him. That afternoon, some tourists see the marlin"s skeleton waiting to go out with the tide and ask a waiter what it is. Trying to explain what happened to the marlin, the waiter replies, “Eshark.” But the tourists misunderstand and assume that"s what the skeleton is.Back in his shack, with Manolin sitting beside him, Santiago sleeps again and dreams of the young lions he had seen along the coast of Africa when he was a young man.

procmean，procsummary两者最大的不同是MEANS结果是printtable,而SUMMARY的结果是一个数据集。procunivariate会有更多的统计量，如：一些图形相关统计（P-P，Q-Q，直方图）。

executive summary执行摘要，概要；行动纲要；经营综合报告短语abstract or executive summary 摘要或结语 ; (报告)摘要或结语abstract or executive summary 摘要或结语Executive Summary Literature 标准双语例句：The executive summary is a short abstract of the business plan designed to grabthe reader"s attention. 执行概要是经营计划的简短摘要，旨在抓住阅读者的注意力。

刚装的店面，

conclusion （根据。。。得出的）结论summary 总结

Lesson 851）Now that my former headmaster, Mr. Page, is retiring, pupils of the school will be sending him a gift and an album with the signatures of all those who have contributed. Many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour. After having completed forty years as a teacher, Mr. Page will devote himself to gardening, which will be a new hobby for him, but one is never too old to learn. (74 words)（2）After twenty-eight years as headmaster, Mr. Page is retiring. Pupils of the school will not only be sending him a gift. but also an album with their signatures. Many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in honour of a man who has completed forty years as a teacher. Now he will devote himself to gardening. Though it will be a new hobby for him, this does not matter because one is never too old to learn. (78 words)Lesson 86（1）The moment the speedboat struck the buoy, both men Were thrown into the water. As it moved off very quickly across the water, the men began to swim rewards the shore. Turning in a circle, the speedboat came straight towards them. After it had just missed them, they swam until they were out of danger. When the boat returned it had lost speed. Soon all the petrol was used up and it floated across the water. (76 words)（2）Because the speedboat had struck a buoy, both men were thrown violently into the water. It moved off very quickly and, while the men were swimming towards the shore, it turned in a circle, came straight towards them and only just missed them. They had no sooner swum out of danger than the boat returned. This time, however, it had lost speed because nearly all the petrol had been used up and it floated across the water. (76 words)Lesson 871）At the time of the murder, the man claimed that he had been travelling on the 8 o"clock train to London and had arrived at work on time. When the inspector asked if a later train would get him to work on time, the man agreed it would but said that he always travelled early. The inspector suggested that he was lying because, that morning, the 8 o"clock train broke down, so the man must have caught the 8.25. (79 words)（2）When the murder was committed, the man claimed that he was travelling on the 8 o"clock train to London. He said that he arrived at work on time. Then the inspector asked if a later train would get him to work on time. Though the man agreed it would, he said he always travelled early. In reply, the inspector suggested he was lying, as the 8 o"clock train broke down that morning and therefore the man must have caught the 8.25. (80 words)Lesson 88（1）Six men who have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours may lose their lives because rescue operations are proving difficult. Since explosives might cause the roof of the mine to collapse, rescue workers are drilling a hole through hard rock, but progress is slow. Two hours ago, a microphone was lowered into the mine and the men have been in touch with their relatives. They are running short of food and drink but they are in good spirits. (80 words)（2）Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours and may lose their lives. Rescue operations are proving difficult as explosives might cause the mol of the mine to collapse. Because of this, rescue workers are drilling a hole through hard rock, yet progress is slow. Now that a microphone has been lowered into the mine, the men are in touch with their relatives. Though they are running short of food and drink, they are in good spirits. (80 words)Lesson 89（1）The local cinema was packed because the P & U Bird Seed Company was presenting a free comedy show. As many of the artistes who should have appeared failed to turn up, the show was very dull. The funniest thing we heard came at the beginning from the advertiser who introduced the programme saying, "This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen?" (68 words)（2）The local cinema was packed. The P & U Bird Seed Company was presenting a free comedy show but many of the artistes who should have appeared failed to turn up. Because of this, the show was very dull. The funniest thing we heard came at the beginning from the advertiser who introduced the programme saying, "This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen? " (70 words)Lesson 90 （1）Divers working on North Sea oil rigs are often terrified by giant fish that bump into them when they are working in deep water. These fish are not sharks or whales. On the contrary, they are favourite eating varieties that grow to unnatural sizes. Three factors have caused this to happen: the first is the warmth from oil-pipes; the second is the supply of plentiful food; the third is the absence of fishing round the rigs. (76 words)（2）Divers who work on the North Sea oil rigs have been terrified out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them while they work in deep water. The fish are not sharks or whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which have grown to unnatural sizes. Three factors have caused this to happen: the warmth from the hot oil-pipes, the plentiful food thrown from the rigs and the absence of fishing around the rigs. (76 words)Lesson 91（1）While circling the balloon, the pilot saw three men in the basket, one of whom was holding a pair of binoculars. When it flew over the station, one of the men took photographs. Then it landed near an airfield, but the police could not arrest anyone because the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station. Afterwards the Commanding Officer explained that one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing. (81 words)（2）The pilot circled the balloon, under which there was a basket containing three men, one of whom was holding a pair of binoculars. Before landing near an airfield, it flew over the station and someone took photographs. As two of the men were Members of Parliament and the other was the Commanding Officer, the police could not arrest anyone. The mystery was explained when the Commanding Officer admitted (said) that one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing. (83 words)Lesson 92（1）The writer returned home at about two in the morning and rang the doorbell. Having failed to wake up his wife, he put a ladder against the wall and began climbing towards the bedroom window. Suddenly a policeman called out, but the writer answered him rudely. He told him he had forgotten his key. The shouting woke his wife. She opened the window just as the policeman had started climbing the ladder after him. (74 words)（2）On arriving home at about two in the morning, the writer rang the doorbell but failed to wake up his wife. After having put a ladder against the wall, he was climbing towards the bedroom window when a policeman called out. Answering him rudely, the writer told him he had forgotten his key. The shouting woke his wife, who opened the window at the moment when the policeman started climbing the ladder after him. (74 words)Lesson 93 （1）The Statue of Liberty, which was presented to the United States of America by the French people in the 19th century, was designed by Bartholdi and built on a metal frame constructed by Eiffel. The site chosen for it was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour, where a pedestal had to be built. The statue was erected in Paris in 1884 and re-erected two years later in America. It was officially presented in October, 1886. (78 words)（2）The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America by the French people in the 19th century. Though designed by Bartholdi, it was built on a metal frame constructed by Eiffel. The site chosen for it was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour and a pedestal had to be built. The statue was first erected in Paris in 1884, but it was re-erected two years later in America and officially presented in October, 1886. (80 words)Lesson 94（1）At a swimming pool in Los Angeles, children are taught to hold their breath under water before they can walk. They begin learning when they are two months old and, in time, they can pick up weights from the bottom of the pool. The game they enjoy most is the tricycle race, which takes place seven feet under water. Some children pedal their tricycles, while others push or pull them, and a few get across without coming up for air. (80 words)（2）At a swimming pool in Los Angeles, children who are taught to hold their breath under water before they can walk often begin learning to swim when two months old. Though they can pick up weights from the bottom of the pool, the game they enjoy most is the underwater tricycle race. This takes place seven feet under water and, while some children pedal their tricycles, others push or pull them. A few get across without coming up for air. (80 words)Lesson 95（1）While the Ambassador of Escahipia was in his office, university students set the basement of the Embassy on fire. When the Ambassador went to investigate, a man called Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at him because he thought that the Ambassador was on fire. Moreover, there was a hole in the Ambassador"s hat which had been made when someone fired a shot through his office window. The Ambassador was lucky, for he was not wearing it at the time. (78 words)（2）The Ambassador of Escalopia was in his office when university students set the Embassy basement on fire. After the Ambassador had gone to investigate, a man called Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at him under the impression that the Ambassador was on fire. In addition to this, there was a hole in the Ambassador"s hat. It had been made when someone fired a shot through his office window. It was lucky for the Ambassador that he was not wearing it. (79 words)Lesson 96（1）The Japanese annual Festival for the Dead is a cheerful occasion. As the dead are said to return home, food is laid out for them and lanterns are lit to guide them on their way. People dance and sing all night and the uneaten food is thrown into the sea or into a river the next morning. In some places, the lanterns are placed on the sea and people watch from the shore until the lanterns drift out of sight. (80 words)（2）The Japanese annual Festival for the Dead is a cheerful occasion, for the dead are said to return home. Not only is food laid out for them, but lanterns are lit to guide them as well while people dance and sing all night. The uneaten food is thrown into the sea or a river the next morning. In some places, the lanterns are placed on the sea. People watch from the shore as the lanterns drift out of sight. (79 words) 只要关键词找准了，就行！

The MetamorphosisGregor Samsa awakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed from a human into a monstrous insect. Rather than lament his transformation, Gregor worries about how he will get to his job as a traveling salesman; Gregor is the sole financial provider for his parents and sister, Grete, and their comfort is dependent on his ability to work. When Gregor"s supervisor arrives at the house and demands Gregor come out of his room, Gregor manages to roll out of bed and unlock his door. His appearance horrifies his family and supervisor; his supervisor flees and Gregor attempts to chase after him, but his family shoos him back into his room. Grete attempts to care for her brother by providing him with milk and the stale, rotten food he now prefers. Gregor also develops the fears of an insect, being effectively shooed away by hissing voices and stamping feet. However, Gregor remains a devoted and loving son, and takes to hiding beneath a sofa whenever someone enters his room in order to shield them from his insect form. When alone, he amuses himself by looking out of his window and crawling up the walls and on the ceiling.No longer able to rely on Gregor"s income, the other family members are forced to take on jobs and Grete"s caretaking deteriorates. One day, when Gregor emerges from his room, his father chases him around the dining room table and pelts him with apples. One of the apples becomes embedded in his back, causing an infection. Due to his infection and his hunger, Gregor is soon barely able to move at all. Later, his parents take in lodgers and use Gregor"s room as a dumping area for unwanted objects. Gregor becomes dirty, covered in dust and old bits of rotten food. One day, Gregor hears Grete playing her violin to entertain the lodgers. Gregor is attracted to the music, and slowly walks into the dining room despite himself, entertaining a fantasy of getting his beloved sister to join him in his room and play her violin for him. The lodgers see him and give notice, refusing to pay the rent they owe, even threatening to sue the family for harboring him while they stayed there. Grete determines that the monstrous insect is no longer Gregor, since Gregor would have left them out of love and taken their burden away, and claims that they must get rid of it. Gregor retreats to his room and collapses, finally succumbing to his wound.The point of view shifts as, upon discovery of his corpse, the family feels an enormous burden has been lifted from them, and start planning for the future again. The family discovers that they aren"t doing financially bad at all, especially since, following Gregor"s demise, they can take a smaller flat. The brief process of forgetting Gregor and shutting him from their lives is quickly completed. The tale concludes with the mother and father taking note of Grete"s new womanhood and growth.

会话总结

我来写个吧In the present age, ..... are playing significant roles in our lives(如果第一句写社会背景想要介绍下不好的现象也可以这样写 In the present age, the issue of... is increasingly disturbing). But in the meantime, whether...(这个地方写要辩论的话题，改写下题目好了）has sparked much debate. Some people argue that.... while many other consider that... Personally, I am in favor of the former(前者) / the latter(后者）view.结尾：In summary, I would concede that...m even though..., Overall, I am convinced that... should...

简单讲，总之，综上所述，简要说明网上搜的：这组短语都可表示“总之”的意思，指前面讲的内容进行归纳总结。 in short、in a word、 all in all 比较常用，in conclusion、in sum、in summary 多见用于书 面语言。

In short,In a word重点在于解释和说明 In conclusion,In summary重点在于归纳和总结方面的 这些短语都是用于句首的

1956version Plot Around1872,anEnglishgentlemanPhileasFogg(DavidNiven)claimshecancircumnavigatetheworldineightydays.Hemakesa20,000wagerwithseveralskepticalfellowmembersofhisLondongentlemen"sclub,theReformClub, Togetherwithhisresourcefulvalet,Passepartout(Cantinflas),FoggsetsoutonhisjourneyfromParisviaballoon.Meanwhile,suspiciongrowsthatFogghasstolenhis20,000fromtheBankofEngland.PoliceInspectorFix(RobertNewton)issentoutbythebankpresident(RobertMorley)toarrestFogg.Hopscotchingaroundtheglobe,FoggpausesinSpain,wherePassepartoutengagesinacomicbullfight.InIndia,FoggandPassepartoutrescueyoungwidowPrincessAouda(ShirleyMacLaine)frombeingforcedintocommittingsuicidesothatshemayjoinherlatehusband.ThethreesomevisitHongKong,Japan,SanFrancisco,andtheWildWest.Onlyhoursshortofwinninghiswager,FoggisarresteduponreturningtoLondonbythediligent,ifmisguidedInspectorFix. Thougheventuallyexoneratedofthecharges,hehaslosteverything—excepttheloveofthewinsomeAouda.ButsalvationisathandwhenPassepartoutrealizesthat,bycrossingtheInternationalDateLine,theyhavegainedaday.ThereisstilltimetoreachtheReformClubandwinthebet,whichhedoes. DavidNiven-PhileasFogg Cantinflas-Passepartout ShirleyMacLaine-PrincessAouda RobertNewton-Mr.Fix 2004version Plot Thefilmstartswithaman(laterknowntobeJackieChan),robbingandescapingfromtheBankofEngland.Toescapefromthepolice,hebecomesservanttoPhileasFogg(SteveCoogan),ascientisttryingtobreakthe50mphspeedbarrier.Aftersucceedingtodoso,andPassepartout(thenameJackieusesasFogg"sservant)succeedingtoavoidthepolice,theyheadtotheRoyalAcademyofScience.HereFoggiscallednamesbyother"brilliantminds",inparticularthebombasticLordKelvin(JimBroadbent),whobelievesthatallisknownthatcanbeknown.Inhisblindrage,Foggplacesabettoseeifitwaspossible(ashiscalculationssaid)totravelaroundtheworldin80days.Ifhewon,he"dbecomeleaderoftheRAS(RoyalAcademyofScience)andifhedidn"thewouldteardownhislabandneverinventanythingagain. PassepartoutandPhileasretreattoPhileas"homewherehemournsonhisfoolishdecision,yetPassepartoutsaidhebetinsomethinghebelievedin,andthatmadethebetinnowayfoolish.Withoutlosingamoment,theytakeacarriageandleaveLondon,aftercrossingwithInspectorFix(EwenBremner),whowashiredtostopthemfromtravelingaroundtheworld. TheythentraveltoParis,wherePassepartouthastoevademinionssentbythemurderousfemalesoldierGeneralFangoutafterwhathestolen:theJadeBuddha,whichisasignofgoodfortune.PretendingtotakePhileastoaconventionwithThomasEdison,heleadshiminsteadtoanArtSchool,wherePhileasmeetsMonique(CéciledeFrance).Realisinghowbusyhisbossis,Passepartoutfightstheminionsusingeverymaterialavailable:canvas,brushes,bucketsofpaint,etc...MeanwhilePhileasandMoniquediscussMonique"spaintingsof"impossiblethings",suchasdogsplayingpoker.ThisiswhenPhileasseesapaintingofamanwithwings.TomakeamachinethatcouldallowmentoflywasalwaysPhileas"sdream,andhefelttouched.AllofasuddenPassepartoutreturnsandtellshisbossthey"relate.Thethreeofthem(Moniquewentwiththemaswell)jumpedintoabigballoonandcuttheropes.PassepartouthadtojumpoutasaladyhadoneofPhileas"bags.Oncethebagwasretrievedhegrabbedalongerropeandbegantoclimb. TheythentraveledtoTurkey,wheretheyweregreetedbynoneotherthanPrinceHapi(ArnoldSchwarzenegger).HeretheyrelaxedinapoolbutHapionlyallowedthetwoboystoleave,forMoniquewouldstaytobehis7thwife(oneforeachdayoftheweek).Thetwoguysdidleave,butjustbeforeexitingthepalace,theytiltedHapi"sstatueofhimselfnakedandheldtightlysothatitwouldnotactuallyfallover(andbreak).TheyorderedMoniquetojointhem(andHapiagreed)andthenfortheguardstodroptheweapons(Hapiagreedyetagain),andthenforeverybodytogetinside(Hapiagreed).Phileaswaspreparingtogiveyetanotherorderbeforebreakingthestatue"srightarm,hethenletgoofthestatuewhichultimatelyfellandbroke.PassepartoutandMoniquegrabbedtheluggageandran,wherePhileas(stillinshockandholdingthearm),stoodstillafewmomentsthenranaswell.BythetimetheywereoutsidePassepartouttookthearmoffPhileasandusedittoblockthedoors. BythistimetheRoyalAcademyleaderLordKelvinwasfurious,whennewscamethatitwasPhileas"sservantthathadstolentheJadeBuddha.HefoundFoggstupider,ashewascarryingthethiefwithoutknowing.Allofasudden,LordSalisburycameupwithamarvelousidea:MaybePhileasdidknow,andthat"swhyhefledEngland.WhenwordcametheyhadpastTurkey,theywarnedIndia(theirnextstop)topreparetotakethem. NowinIndia,PassepartoutsawawantedflyerwithhimandPhileas,andwarnedhisbossandMonique.Disguisedaslocalwomen,theyfooledthePolice,yetnottheminionsPassepartouthadmetinParis.OnehungMoniquelikeacoatonapeg,whileanotherfoughtPassepartoutusingchainshehadwrappedaroundhisbody.Phileaswaslefttofightthefirstone,usingawalkingstick.Henoticedabuttonandoutoffoneendcameasextant,whichusedtocutaropewhichmadealargeclothfallontheminion.ForPassepartoutitwasn"tsoeasy,asheranintoFixwhoputhiscuffsonhimandhimself,sotheyweretiedbythewrists(thelargebullywasn"tthereatthetime).Whenthebullycamebackhefoughtthetwoofthemwhohadnochoicebuttorun,butwereabletoknockhimout.Fixalsogotknockedoutintheprocess.TheythendisguisedFixasaregularEnglishmanratherthanEnglishInspector,andshouted"that"sthemanwhostolethebankofEngland!".Nowunsurewheretogoto,forthetrainswereguardedandtheshipsonlylefttootherBritishcolonies,PassepartouthadtheideaofescapingtoChina. KnowingChinaashedid,Passepartoutledthemtohisvillage,wheretheywerehappilygreeted.Heremoreminionsarrived,butforoncePassepartoutwasnotalone,ashehadthehelpof9"tigers",legendarywearriorswhohadlearnttofightbyobservinganimals"behaviour.BytheendPassepartoutrevealedhimselftobeLauXing,oneofthe10tigers,andthathehadusedPhileastoreturnthemagicalJadeBuddhatohisvillage,whichitwouldlookoverandprotect.MoniquereveleadshealsoknewthissinceTurkey,andPhileaswasheartbroken. Phileasnowfelthewastocontinuealone,andthisiswhathedid.HetraveledtoSanFrancisco,wherehewasfooledbyafalse"sicklady"whointheendstolehisluggageandmoney.Leftalonetoliveinthestreets,Phileasknewnotwhattodo,untilhewasfoundbyLauXingandMonique,whohelpedhimcontinuethejourneybycrossingthedesertwithhim. ItwasherethattheyfoundtheWrightbrothers(brothersOwenandLukeWilson),andthe3inventorsdiscussedtheflyingmachine.Takingalookattheplans(whichWilburWrightclaimedtobehissillybrother"sdoing),Phileasfoundthembrilliantandsuggestedafewmerechanges(Wilbursaidhewasproudofhisbrotherandhadalwaysbelievedinhim). LauXing(stillcalledPassepartoutbecauseofforceofhabitontheotherpeople"spart),MoniqueandPhileas"nextstopwasNewYork,whereamassivecrowdwhohadplacedbetsforagainstPhileaswinning,greetedthemandmadeitimpossibleforthemtopassandreachtheirship.Apolicemanallowedthistobepossible,bytakingthemthroughabuildinghecalledashortcut.Heremoreminionsawaitedthem,readyforonelastface-off.TheyknewPhileasdidn"thavetheJadeBuddhahoweverifPhileaswonthebet,theirbossLordKelvinwouldlosehispositionintheRASandcouldn"tpaythemfortheirduties. AmajorbattlebetweenthethreefriendsandGeneralFangandherminionsstartedintheworkshopwherethestatueoflibertywasmade,withLauXingusinghisskilltostophisenemiesandtheothertwousingluck.Intheendthethreefriendswerevictorious,orsoitseemed,astheminionshadstalledthemenoughtomakethemlosetheirshiptoEngland. Phileasfeltlikehehadlost,buttheothertwosaidtheymightstillmakeitiftheycaughtthenextship.Phileasknewtheunlikelihoodofthisyetchosetocarryon.Theoldshipwasownedbyasailorwhohadlostbothhisnipplesinanattackbyashark.Phileastoldthecaptaintheyweren"tgoingfastenough,andafteralotoftalking,hemanagedtoconvincethecaptaintolethimbuildaplaneoutoftheoldwoodfromtheship,inexchangeforanewshipandasurgerytogivehimnewnipples. Thebuildingstartedandsoonwasover.UsingthechangedWrightbrother"splans,Phileasbuiltamachinethatseemedtowork.OnitwasLauXing(pedaling),Phileas(driving),andMonique(commenting).ThemachinewasworkingfineandsoontheyreachedLondon.Then,themachinebegantofallapartandtheyhadacrash-landinginfrontoftheRAS.Phileaslookedathiswatch,andrealisedhehadfailed.Itwasjustpast12o"clockandhewassupposedtobethereat12. LordKelvin,victorious,proclaimshimselfthevictor.However,intheprocessheinsultstheQueenofEngland,whoisnearbylistening.Hewasarrested. Phileasisalsoluckyenoughnottohavelostthebet;heisonedayearlythankstocrossingtheinternationaldateline,yetbelievedhimselflatebecauseofanerroronthepartofLauXing.HeascendsthestairsoftheAcademyandthereembracesMonique. Cast Listedintheordertheyappearinthecredits: JackieChanasthePassepartout SteveCooganasPhileasFogg CéciledeFranceasMonique JimBroadbentasLordKelvin RogerHammondasLordRhodes KathyBatesasQueenVictoria ArnoldSchwarzeneggerasPrinceHapi JohnCleeseasGrizzledsergeant WillForteasPoliceofficer OwenWilsonasWilburWright IanMcNeiceasCol.Kitchener LukeWilsonasOrvilleWright RobSchneiderasaHobo MarkAddyasSteamercaptain EwenBremnerasInspectorFix MarshaYuen MaggieQasFemaleScorpionagent SammoHungasWongFeiHung Mars KarenJoyMorris(akaKarenMok)asGen.Fang DanielWuasBakMei RichardBransonasHotairballoonoperator FrankCoraci(thefilm"sdirector)asWealthydapperpedestrian AdamGodleyasMr.Sutton MacyGrayasSleepyFrenchwoman MichaelKuroiwaasScorpionagent NatalieDeniseSperlasStunningwoman WolframTeufel DonTheerathadaasHo/10Tigers MichalYoun RobertFyfeasJeanMichel

summary of conflicts冲突概要summary of conflicts冲突概要

教书并不轻松；喜爱校历的步调，喜欢有节奏的生活；教师的加入使得书面上生硬的字眼活了过来，带有主观感情，富有变化，喜欢变化的人生旅途；从失败的尝试中获得教益，教学相长；喜欢开拓学生的思维，引导学生从事实践，理论与实际相结合；教学使工作进程有了规律，使生活变得丰富多彩，教学富有挑战，有不断学习的机会；与自己的学生有关，学生青出于蓝胜于蓝的骄傲，以及学生带给自己想法，价值观的改变或者说触动；与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，一起成长，是成长的感悟；教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱，更是教学的魔力。

　　Unit 3　　Text　　Every teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are theeasons for choosing teaching as a career? 也许每位教师都一再问过自己：为什么选择教书作为自己的职业?　　Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these questions is not a simple task. Let"s see what the author says. 教书得到的回报是否使老师的烦恼显得不值得多谈?回答这些问题并非易事。让我们看看本文的作者说了些什么。　　Why I Teach 我为什么当教师　　Peter G. Beidler　　Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn"t want to be considered for an administrative position. 你为什么要教书呢? 当我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他便向我提出这一问题。　　He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power. 所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大惑不解。　　Certainly I don"t teach because teaching is easy for me. 当然，我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。　　Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. 我做过各种各样的工作，籍ring than usual. 说精神沮丧，这是因为我1小时后走出教室时，确信这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。　　Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. 我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。　　Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class! 有时我感到很惊异，学生竟真的把我课上讲的东西做了笔记!　　Why, then, do I teach? 这样说来，我为什么还要教书呢?　　I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing. 我教书，是因为我喜爱校历的步调。6月、7月和8月提供了一个供思考、研究和创作的机会。　　I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change —— and, more important, my students change. 我教书，是因为教学是建立在“变化”这一基础上的职业。教材还是原来的教材，但我自身却变化了--更重要的是，我的学生变化了。　　I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. 我教书，是因为我喜欢有让自己犯错误的自由，有让自己吸取教训的自由，有激励自己和激励学生的自由。　　As a teacher, I"m my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by creating their own textbook, who is to say I can"t? 作为教师，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年级学生通过自行编写课本的办法来学习写作，谁能说我不可以那样做呢?　　Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures. 这样的课程也许会彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败的尝试中获得教益。 I teach because I like to ask questions that students must struggle to answer. 我教书，是因为我喜欢向学生提出必须绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。　　The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I sometimes find good questions. 我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。何况我在教学过程中有时也会想到一些出色的问题。　　I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. 我教书，是因为我喜欢想方设法使自己和我的学生从象牙塔里走出来，步入现实世界。 I once taught a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers. 我曾经开过一门叫做“在工业技术社会里如何自力更生”的课程。我教的15位学生读了爱默生、梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，记了日记，还写了学期论文。　　But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. 但除此而外，我们还办起一个公司，借钱买下一所破旧的房屋，通过对这一建筑物的整修翻新，我们就自力更生这一课题进行了一次实践活动。 At the end of the semester, we sold the house, repaid our loan, paid our taxes, and distributed the profits among the group. 在期末我们把房子卖掉，还清贷款，缴了税，余下的收益分给了参加实践的学生。 So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning. 所以说，教学使我的工作进程有了规律，使我的生活变得丰富多彩，教学向我提出了挑战，也给了我不断学习的机会。I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach. 不过，我要教书的最重要的几个原因还没有讲到呢。　　One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. 其中一个原因与维基有关。维基是我的第一个博士生。她精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰写她那篇论述14世纪一位不知名诗人的学位论文。 She wrote articles and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. 她写过一些文章，寄给了学术刊物。这一切都由她独立完成，我偶尔从旁略加指点。　　But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she"d first had as my student. 我亲眼看到了她完成论文，看到了她得悉自己的文章被采用，亲眼目睹她找到了工作并获得了在哈佛大学当研究员的职位，著书论述她在做我学生时萌发的思想。　　Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things. 另一个原因与乔治有关。他开始学的是工程学，后来他深信自己爱人胜过爱物，所以改学英语。　　There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. 还有珍妮。她中途辍学，但是她的同学把她拉了回来。因为他们想让她看到自力更生整修旧房子这一项目的结果。 I was there when she came back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer. 我亲眼看到她回来了。我亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了捍卫公民权的律师。　　There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis. 还要提一提清洁女工杰基。她凭直觉了解的事情比我们多数人通过分析弄清的东西还要多。　　Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college. 杰基已经决定读完中学，然后还要上大学。　　These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. 这些在我眼前成长、变化的人，便是我要当教师的真正原因。　　Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. 当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命。　　A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have money. “升职了”，不再教书了，也许会给我带来金钱和权力。 I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?" 可是我现在也有钱。我拿了薪金去做自己乐意做的事：读书、交谈、提问，比如问：“做个富翁有什么意思呢?”And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters? 我现在还有权呢。我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力更值得考虑呢?　　But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. 但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。　　Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher"s life and begins to breathe. 不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。　　Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better. “爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。　　I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them. 我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。　　And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters? 我现在还有权呢。我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力更值得考虑呢? But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. 但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher"s life and begins to breathe. 不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better. “爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them. 我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。希望对你有用！

　　基本要求　　1.格式　　平时的小作业有essay 和 report 两种格式　　essay --- 结构分为introduction, main body, 和 conclusion. 不用太复杂的结构　　Report ----- 要有 executive summary, 结构要求很高，文章分为几个部分，每个部分都要有大标题，下面还要有副标题，等等。(可以参考一起附上的report例文的结构)　　2.References问题　　文章一定要有references (参考文献), 就是引用别人文章中的观点，但是这个引用不能整断整段的直接用书上，网上的文章，或者杂志上的文章的内容。如果一段话中有超过三个词是引用的，就要表明 references. (如果完全是用自己的语言将别人的观点说出来了，引用的词是两个或更少，就可以不用标出references)。　　*如果整段要直接引用原话，要用引号标出，而且这样的引用的比率不能超过全文字数的5%。　　*全文注明references的文字,就是引用的文字不能超过全文字数的30%.　　*References (参考文献)可以是书，也可以是学术杂志上发表的文章，或者网上的文章，但是引用的文章最好大多数是近十年的文章，而且References一定要按照正确方法标注。　　References 在文中是在文中用自己的话说出别人书中或文章中的内容后，用括号标出作者和年代，而在文后的references列表中一定要用Harvard references system的格式来标出参考文献。　　参考文献的数量也是有要求的，一般是每1000 字要有5个references.　　3.字数问题　　字数也是要按照要求写的，否则会扣分　　文后的references列表和附录 (appendix)是不算字的。　　比如，文章要求如果是4000字，那正文的字数就是4000 +/- 10% 字。　　如果要求no more than 4000 words, 那正文的字数就不能超过4000字。　　如果要求 no less than 4000 words, 那正文的字数就不能少于4000字。　　如果要求4000-4500 words, 那正文的字数就要写4000-4500字之间。　　4.人称问题　　因为写的作业都属于学术文章，所以不能用第一人称(I, we, in my opinion,…) 这样主观的说法, 可以用被动语态。　　*不能说 I DO STH， 要说 XX HAS BEEN DONE。。。特别是写REPORT的时候， 老师喜欢看到被动语句　　5.Introduction和Executive summary 的区别　　Introduction: 不能在introduction说出文章的结论，introduction是对文章的要写内容的介绍，结构的介绍。　　Executive summary: 阐述文章得出的finding, conclusion, recommendations.　　(这个文件的最后几页有两者比较的具体阐述，如果需要可以看看。)　　写作内容注意事项　　1. 英国人的思维是反方向的，所以，我们写东西也要这样。　　不要在文章开始就写出结论(你自己的观点)，而是要先阐述能验证结论的论证，最后在得出结论。　　比如我们的习惯，是先有观点譬如：我想吃蔬菜，(这就是你的观点)，然后你会去论证你的观点，譬如：我今天需要补充维生素，维生素对于我身体有好处，(这些是你的论证)，这些论证放在一起，就是你对观点“我想吃蔬菜”的总结，而在外国人眼里，你要先说“蔬菜有很多的维生素”，都有哪些种每一种对人体有什么好处你为什么要吃蔬菜，，最后再说出你的观点，“我想吃蔬菜”，这样就是有说服力的说法，可以的话在举个Reference什么的，“人或者离不开蔬菜”看看那个明人说过，拿来就可以引用一下。　　2. 得出结论的时候要把自己的观点放在最前面，因为自己的观点在他们的眼里才是最重要的，Reference要引用人说的东西，要放在自己观点后面，作为辅助，证明自己观点使用，不要他人家观点写出来，自己再作分析，因为，论文要看得是你想的东西，人家观点已经是得出来的结果，用结果在写分析，老师会觉得你没有自己的观点，甚至认为你是抄的。　　3. 引用观点的时候不要整段引用，挑出关键词，多过3个字，要标明那里引用的，如果需要大量引用观点,不妨尝试把观点拆开引用,并且在每个观点之前先写上自己的观点,或者理解. 如果你引用不够三个字,可以不标明为Reference可以直接使用,当作自己的观点.　　还有一点我觉得，就是可以根据老师给的资料，HANDOUT和推荐的书写，不要盲目的全部在GOOGLE上搜。特别如果那本书是你老师写的而且他有推荐你去看去买的话，就引用点里面的做REFERENCE　　4. 英国老师很喜欢表格,图表,等等,来表示各种数据,在他们看来这是专业的象征,所以只要是和数字有关的,不妨都多画一个图表,excel就可以帮你画里面什么样子的都有，立体的平面的，把你文章里的数据套进去就可以，尝试一下，效果不错，数据可以是你验证后得到的，也可以使自己估计的，详细地要文章解释。　　5. 千万不要为了凑字数，车轱辘话，来回绕，得不偿失，但是可以从不同的角度来验证自己这句话，或者人家的话，不同角度一写字数就多了，而且只要这个观点是对的，老师会觉得你很有见地，分析全面，而且只会长分，不会减分。

"A ship crosses the end of world, drive onto unknown ocean and hang on the ship"s bow although one noodles" ising satisfied is fall off by rains and winds but still gorgeous and matchless flag, on the flag, the dance moves cloud dragon general of four words be flickering to give out light-surmount extreme limit!"Author Hemingway is to evaluate his work so 《old man and sea 》. 《Old man and sea 》this book tell such a story:The Cuba old fisherman"s holy land second elder brother didn"t catch fish continuously for 84 days, is see by the another fisherman do failed, but he insists unremittingly and finally snaring a big marlin, the big marlin dragged along his boat"s on the water three genius utterly exhausteds, was killed by him to bind in the part of boat, encounter an assault of shark again and again in return the distance, he ran out available means to counter-attack.Remains a fish head fish tail with a spine just while returning to harbor.Though the fishes were all bite to go to, what can"t also trample upon his brave will. The holy land second elder brother is an old man of wretchedness.Hemingway molded this image by the language of oneself refinement, can say, Hemingway didn"t give the old man the success, but gave an old man the image of grace but fortitude and resilience is under the pressure. Hemingway"s this novel had the honor of acquiring Nobel literature prize and the Pu benefit plan prize.Stay to there are several 100 pieces of dauntless person writers which play a slice in this bone, fittingly wrote the strengths of life, tell us how face to living, old, disease, dead, tell us that the heart should have many breadths.The old man is standing alone, he is the trip person who comes forward a line in the ideal road, but he again not standing alone of, because his will is that so strong. Read this book, my heart once in a very long while can"ted be calm and this is common but again the worthy of respect old man make me deeply know:Being the person shouldn"t be accept defeat by any difficulty, should offer own utmost effort and life in of whet difficult do an unyielding conflict. The human nature is violent, the mankind have an own limit, but is exactly because had an old fisherman thus of the person surmounts them to the limit challenge once and with a run, this limit is just an extension, a time puts a larger challenge at mankind"s in front.On this meaning, old fisherman"s holy land second elder brother so of hero, ignore them to challenge limit is a success or fail, all is worthy of we esteem highly forever.Because, his bringing our is the mankind"s most noble self-confidence. The life is originally a kind of unending pursue.It of the road be endless and difficult, and be full of frustrated, but as long as oneself is brave to stubbornly greet a challenge by a self-confident heart, will be a real victor forever. Before, I do what matter as long as is a little bit not smooth, will shrink back, sometimes also say up several words for look down in the mouth.On the study, I as long as have a few examinations isn"t very ideal and then without confidence, think that oneself could not test good result.《Old man and sea 》medium, host"s Mr. and shark fight, the fishing spear was taken by the shark, he bind penknife in the oar to chase up.The knife broke and he used short stick.The short stick also threw away and he chased with the rudder.Be this kind of spirit which is full of confidence and chisels incessantly falsely is what I in need of? After read this book, I knew own shortage, on the study no longer because of 12 times not smooth but lose confidence, but more test not good, more want to test like. From now on, I ignore to meet what difficulty, want the confidence to hundred percently face, carry it through, will never shrink back.I want to appreciate this book, thank it for letting me learn so many knowledge, thank it for letting me know so many truths, thank it for letting me know own shortage, correct own weakness in time and make me become 1 the useful person is to the society. Might as well see the shark as stroke, eat up our success and happiness.But is saying such as that kid:"It didn"t vanquish you and it have no." A real strong, can be destroy but can"t be defeat. Never talk to hurt, this be 《old man and sea 》tell ours.

杰克·伦敦（1876—1916）是美国作家，生于旧金山一个破产农民的家庭。因家境贫困，自幼从事体力劳动，当过童工，装卸工和水手等，后又在美国各地流浪。靠劳动所得曾进过加利福尼亚大学学习。在1897年加入过阿拉斯加等地淘金者的行列。早年坎坷的生活经历使他体会到下层人民的悲惨处境和人与人之间的激烈竞争，成为他后来从事创作的源泉。伦敦一共写过十九部长篇小说，一百五十多篇短篇小说和故事，三部剧本，以及论文、特写等。主要作品有：小说集《狼的儿子》（1900）、中篇小说《荒野的呼唤》（1903）、长篇小说《海狼》（1904）、《铁蹄》（1908）和《马丁·伊登》（1909）、特写集《深渊中的人们》（1903）等。伦敦的创作思想较为复杂，受到过马克思、斯宾塞、尼采等多人影响。作为现实主义作家，他在创作中带有明显的自然主义色彩，作品歌颂对生命的热爱和对大自然的斗争，同时反映了弱肉强食、生存竞争的哲学观点。伦敦善于通过行动刻画人物性格和揭示主题。小说结构紧凑，文字精炼，生动感人。《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦的代表作，带有自传性质。主人公马丁·伊登原是一个年轻的普通水手。一次偶然的机会，他结识了银行家莫斯的女儿罗丝。他崇拜罗丝的纯洁高雅，而罗丝也被他的粗野不羁所吸引。在爱情的鼓舞下，马丁刻苦读书，发奋写作。但他们的感情遭到了莫斯夫妇的反对，罗丝同马丁断绝了来往。后来马丁以极大的毅力获得了成功，成为名作家。原先对他不屑一顾的人都对他另眼相看。罗丝也想重修旧好，被马丁愤然拒绝。然而马丁跻身于上流社会后，却看透了资产者的自私和虚伪，在幻灭的痛苦中投海自杀。《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦最有影响的作品，一则因为它具有明显的自传色彩，提供了认识、研究伦敦宝贵材料，二则由于它在思想上和艺术上有很高的价值，标志着美国现实主义文学在本世纪初的重要发展。★《马丁·伊登》的思想内容相当丰富。首先，它真实生动地描写了一个出身微贱的作家的艰难的奋斗道路，表现了在资本主义制度下一个正直作家的坎坷命运。其次，小说对资产阶级的体面人物作了细致的解剖和无情的嘲讽。小说告诉人们，真正的野蛮人并不是马丁和他所属的阶级，而恰恰是那些自诩为文明人的罗丝小姐和她的父母莫斯夫妇等。此外，小说对个人主义也作了一定的批判。马丁为了赢得罗丝的爱情，竟可以不顾一切。他离开自己的阶级和朋友，到头来却发现是南柯一梦。他后来的悔恨、落寞、空虚、孤独和自杀，实际上是对个人主义的怀疑和否定。不过，需要指出的是，作者在对个人主义进行鞭挞时，流露出对斯宾塞的社会进化论和尼采的超人哲学的矛盾态度。 小说细致的心理描写和善于通过人物的行动去揭示人物的性格这两点，也为人们所称道。杰克·伦敦简介:伦敦，J．（1876～1916）美国小说家，生于加利福尼亚旧金山一个破产农民家庭。他从幼年起就不得不出卖体力养活自己。他当过牧童、报童、童工、工人、水手。他还参加过1893年大恐慌中失业大军组成的抗议队伍，以流浪罪被捕入狱，罚做苦工几个月。出狱后，他一边拼命干活，一边刻苦学习，广泛涉猎达尔文、斯宾塞、尼采和马克思等人的著作。他曾考进加利福尼亚大学，一年后辍学。后来受了阿拉斯加淘金热的影响，加入了淘金者的行列，却因病空手而归，但带回了北方故事的丰富素材。从此，他埋头写作，成为“出卖脑力劳动”的职业作家。杰克·伦敦从1900年起连续发表了许多短篇小说，通称为“北方故事”，是他的成名之作。描写英国伦敦贫民窟和工人的悲惨生活《深渊中的人们》（1903）、自传体小说《马丁·伊登》（1909）、政治幻想小说《铁蹄》（1908）等许多中长篇小说和散文集，深刻地揭露资本主义社会的弊端和罪恶，有力地控诉资产阶级对劳动人民的剥削，公开号召用阶级斗争和武装革命推翻资本主义制度。杰克·伦敦在不长的十几年创作生涯中共写了19部长篇小说，150多篇中短篇小说和大量文学报告集、散文集和论文。其中比较优秀的还有《荒野的呼唤》（i903）、《白牙》（1906）、《天大亮》（1910）、《月谷》（1913）、《黑西哥人》（1913），和受到列宁赞赏的《热爱生命》（1906）。但是到了晚期，他逐渐脱离社会斗争，为了迎合出版商的需要和满足个人的物质享受也写了不少粗制滥造的作品。1916年杰克·伦敦和他的代表作中的主人公马丁·伊登一样，在精神极度空虚和悲观失望中自杀身亡。▲·内容提要· 《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦的不朽作品。小说的前半部带有自传性质，取材于作者早年的生活经历和后来成名的过程。年轻水手马丁·伊登在一次偶然的机会中救了大律师摩斯的儿子亚瑟。为了感谢马丁的救命之恩，亚瑟热情邀他到家里作客。摩斯家富丽堂皇的摆设，优雅文明的风度使马丁眼花缭乱，惊慕不己。更使他心醉神移的是亚瑟年轻、美貌的妹妹罗丝。在马丁的眼中，罗丝是那么高尚纯洁。对俗不可耐的公子哥儿腻烦了的罗丝也喜欢这个精力充沛、才智过人的无产者。在罗丝的鼓励下，更确切地说，在憧憬“高尚而又纯真的爱情”的巨大动力下，马丁以超人的毅力发愤读书，他只用几个月的时间就学完了常人需要两年才能学完的中学课程。他常常每天只睡四五个小时，像作者杰克·伦敦开始写作时一样，一边做苦工，一边学习、写作，为的是能有朝一日跻身“上流社会”，成为可与罗丝匹配的“上等人”。尽管他不断写作，稿子一篇篇寄出，却一次次遭到拒绝。后来，虽然罗丝私下与马丁订了婚，但是，她的父母认为马丁是个缺乏教养、粗鲁无礼的穷光蛋，因而竭力反对女儿与马丁的进一步接近；摩斯家客厅里的阔老阔少也嘲笑、冷落马丁。马丁逐渐发现“上流社会”并非他过去想象的那么高尚，那么文明。在一次客厅辩论中，他直言不讳地批评了这些“高等人士”，冒犯了他们的尊严，从此被拒于摩斯家的门外。继而罗丝也同他断绝了来往。这时，马丁痛苦地发现罗丝根本不是他想象中的“安琪儿”，而是一个目光短浅、庸俗的资产阶级小姐。支撑他努力奋斗的精神支柱崩溃了，他无力再继续写作，只是将原先退还的稿件再寄给出版商和报刊杂志。没想到，他的一篇作品被刊登了。一夜之间他成了名闻遐迩的大作家。请帖和稿约纷至沓来，金钱和荣誉接踵而至。昔日那些对他嗤之以鼻、攻击嘲讽的“高贵人士”如今向他献媚，“上流社会”向他敞开了欢迎的大门。摩斯家听说他功成名就，急忙叫罗丝主动上门，哭哭啼啼地要求重归于好，恢复婚约。然而，这时已爬上社会“顶峰”的马丁却看透了这些虚伪透顶、趋炎附势的芸芸众生；名誉和金钱，虚假的友谊和庸俗的爱情再也激不起他昔日那种对靠个人奋斗带来个人幸福的憧憬，再也无法改变他对人生的冷漠态度。他痛恨这些浑身散发出铜臭的资产阶级市侩，但也无法回到他原来出身的阶级。他想到一个孤岛上去过与世隔绝的隐士生活，但最终还是投海自杀，结束了他年轻的生命。 http://baike.baidu.com/view/70591.htm

statistic有统计的含义，而summary只是总和的意思。

Popular Christmas carols symbolize everything that Christmas stands for. They gather the family bring joy spread the word about Christmas and make everyone feel the Christmas spirit. Try to hum the melody of “Jingle Bells” and most people in the northern hemisphere will immediately imagine seeing snowflakes angels and Christmas bells. The world"s most widely known Xmas carol is ”Silent Night” which is sung in many languages all over the world. The song originates from Austria but enjoyed great recognition as early as the First World War. When soldiers on each side of the frontline laid down their weapons on Christmas Eve and sung the carol “Silent Night” across no man"s land. Information from the Inter. 图片参考：l.yimg/f/iugc/rte/ *** iley_1 2009-04-09 09:18:32 补充： zh. *** /wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B0%A3%E8%B2%A1%E7%A5%9E - this is from *** if you want the english details pls check this: etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DicChri 2009-04-09 09:18:36 补充： trlate.google/trlate?hl=zh-TW&sl=en&u=etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DicChri&ei=GcvcSYjCDZiQkAWA44mmDg&sa=X&oi=trlate&resnum=3&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChristmas%2Bcarol%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26rlz%3D1T4ADBF_zh-TWHK289 K289 yes and the questioner was asking for A Christmas Carol book report ( summary) The asker should have written " A Christmas Carol ...".

集中显示各个验证的结果

逃遁的美洲狮

Vanity Fair Summary: William Makepeace Thackeray"s witty assessment of the British class system, as seen through the experiences of one young woman, is brought to the screen with some serious star power in this period comedy drama. Becky Sharp is a bright and ambitious girl born to a poor British family. Becky is determined to make something of herself however she can, and after accepting a job as a nanny for the children of the powerful and aristocratic Sir Pitt Crawley, she wastes no time ingratiating herself with the family. Pretty Becky catches the eye of Crawley"s handsome and eligible son Rawdon, and becomes chummy with sharp-tongued Aunt Matilda. Between the two of them, Becky is introduced to London"s most exclusive social circle, where she becomes re-acquainted with Amelia Sedley, a former school chum who is amused by Becky"s efforts to scale the ladder of social influence. Becky weds Rawdon, but following initial happiness, the social and economic stability she dreamed of begins to collapse when he begins drowning his troubles in gambling and drink, and soon she turns to the powerful Marquess of Steyne for support. Meanwhile, Amelia"s fortunes fall even harder following the death of her husband.记得采纳啊

[A] abstract = 摘要(学术界/论文用)定义:1.a condensed version of a piece of writing,speech,etc.; summary;synopsis2.a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form; summary;synopsis3.a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory; outline; precis;例句:(a) If you want to submit a paper,you must supply an abstract.(b) Abstracts of scietific/medical/technical reports...[B] summary = 摘要/概要/总结;(大众 general public 普通用)定义:1.A presentation of the substance of a body of material in a condensed form or by reducing it to its main points; 例句:(a) he gave a summary of the conclusions(b) a summary of a book; economic report etc.(c) Here"s a summary of the day"s news.(d) A summary of his speech was printed in the newspaper.

就是要你写创新点。一般一篇论文有2-3个创新点就行了。其写法是：本文提出了（propose）什么什么，构建了（construct）什么什么，修正了（modify）什么什么。

summary和outline当动词讲时，summary 是“概括，总结”outline是“概述”outline还可以当“轮廓，描画...的轮廓”似乎和画画方面还有点联系，当名词讲时有“大纲，概要，略图”for instance,:It may be briefly summarized in the following outline.这可以用下面的提纲简短地加以概括。这里outline是“提纲”的意思。as for“outview”,这个很少见，只记住“stretch-outview展开图”就好了。

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第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A.摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。B.摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C.应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D.摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E.写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1)删除细节。只保留主要观点。2)选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4)避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5)压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”可以概括为：”Hewasverybraveinbattle.”“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthesemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”可以概括为：”BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,aretodayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbettertransportationservices.”7)使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.”可以概括为：”Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.”8)使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but,then,thus,yet,though，不能使用atthesametime,inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9)文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusemuchtoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it"snotgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:”Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn"thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawfulu201elikeeatingcardboardorsandu201ejustimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit,orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!”Katewaspatient.Shedidn"twanttoquarrelwithPaul.Shewantedtopersuadehim.Shesaidfirmly:”Buttoomuchsaltisbadforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguisesthetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelostthesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.”可以用第三人称概括为：KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.ShethoughtthateatingtoomuchsaltwoulddohardtoPaul"shealthandthatitcouldreducetherealtastesoffood.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。

The year end is ing before we move on to the new year it"s high time for all of us to do a review for the year. To me doing this annual review is like getting a report card. It"s no different with my annual review – except these results aren"t for my studies – they"re bigger. They"re for my life. 时间转瞬到年底，在我们步入新的一年之前，我们所有人都应该对这一年做个回顾总结。对于我来说，年终总结就像是拿成绩单。年终总结和成绩单一样，只不过收获的并不是学习成绩，它们更重要，是关于我的人生。 Importance of Year End Reviews 年终总结的重要性 So why is it important to do a year end review? There are 4 simple reasons: 年终总结为什么这么重要？有这样四个简单的理由： 1. Draw lessons from the year 从一年中吸取经验教训 What have you experienced this year? What have you learned from them? With every experience we face there are important things to learn. We can either let these incidences pass us by or we can stop to understand internalize them and draw lessons from them. Life is your school and the lessons are dressed up as your everyday incidences. You don"t want to be living year after year without learning from your experiences. That"s just sleepwalking your life away. 这一年，你经历了些什么？从中你又学到了些什么？我们面对的每一次经历，都有一些重要的东西值得学习，我们可能会让发生的这些事情就从我们的生命中匆匆而过，或者我们也可以选择停下来，理解并消化这些经历，从中学到经验教训。生活就是你的学校，这些经验教训会假扮成每天的琐事。你也不想年复一年只是过生活，却从不从经历中学到些什么吧，那样的话，你只是在梦游度日。 There are a lot of lessons which I learn every year. Looking back at my review for 2007 one of the biggest lessons I learned is that our reactions to life"s situations is a choice and it"s up to how we make out of situations we encounter. This realization came after a highly intense period at my job. At that time I was already a positive person but the situation was so out of control that it really made me negative. It was after a short period of feeling miserable that I realized that the reality was such and it was up to me to make the best out of it. I could either sit and bitch about it which would do absolutely nothing to change the situation or I could take action and make the best out of it. This *** all shift in my mindset created a big shift in my reality – it made me a lot more proactive and solution-oriented. It made me realize that many of us generate unnecessary baggage with negative situations in life and it"s all about taking action to create the lives that we want. Happiness is truly a choice. 每年我都能学到很多。现在回头看看我2007年的总结，我学到的最重要的一课是“我们对生活环境的反应是一种选择”，取决于我们如何解决遇到的情况。这种感悟是在我的工作经历了一段高度紧张的阶段之后得出的。其实那时候我是个很积极向上的人，但是当时的情况完全不在我的掌控下，让我也变得消极了。有那么一小段时间，我觉得很痛苦，然后我就意识到，生活就是这样，如何做到最好取决于我自己，我可以选择干坐在那里抱怨牢骚，但这根本对改变现状一点帮助都不起；我也可以选择采取行动做到最好。这样简单的心态转变使我的生活出现了很大的改变：我变得更加主动，积极选择解决问题的方法。这也让我意识到，我们许多人在遇到不利状况时，总是背负了太多不必要的包袱，只要采取行动，我们就能创造想要的生活。幸福快乐其实只是个选择。 Because I would write down lessons I learned each time (in my life handbook) I could then build upon my learnings. Rather than deja vuing through life situations every time I would think about how I could apply what I had learned earlier and how I could do something different. As a result I kept moving forward in my growth. 因为我每次都会记下学到的经验教训（在我的生活手册里），所以我从所学中慢慢成长。每次总结后我都会想，下次遇到我会如何利用之前学到的改正错误，而不是一次次的重复犯错栽跟头。就这样，我在成长的路上一步步前进。 2. Wrap up what you"ve done this year 打包今年所做的事情 Many things can happen in a year and this is the perfect time to wrap them up. Were there any ups and downs? Did you get a promotion? Did you recently quit your job and joined a new workplace? Did you just Start up a business? Did you move to a new place? Did you just end an unhappy relationship? Did you move on from a bad partnership? Any major events took place? Or perhaps there are nothing significant that happened? 每年都会发生许许多多的事情，现在就是你把之前的事情打包的最佳时机。生活中有一些起起落落？你升职了？最近刚辞职进入新的工作环境？刚开始创业？搬到新地方？刚结束一段不快乐的感情？走出了一段很糟的伙伴关系？发生了很多大事？也或许没什么重要的事情发生？ This is the time to wrap up the year. It"s time to let go of past baggage tie up the loose ends tidy up your feelings and get ready for what"s ahead. 现在是该打包这一年的事了，也是时候放下这些过去的包袱，做一些收尾让工作有始有终，收拾起情绪，准备迎接即将到来的新一年。 3. Regain focus 重新找到重点 After working for a few years you"d find that the years sort of just start to blend into each other. Soon it"s hard to tell one year apart from the next. Subsequently it"s so easy to fall into a routine without being conscious of it. Sometimes I hear people menting that they"re not sure what exactly they"ve been doing with the past few years of their lives because everything just seems like the same. 工作了几年后你会发现，每年似乎开始有些混在一起的感觉，很难把它们区分开来。然后不知不觉，工作就很容易变成例行公事的老套路。有时候我会听到人们在说，不知道过去的几年具体都干了些什么，因为一切看起来都一样。 It"s just like driving. When you"re driving in a car it can be hard to see where you are and where you"re heading to. On the other hand pausing for a short moment to look at the map can be amazingly helpful. Where are you right now? How far have you traveled? Where do you want to go to? Doing so helps you to regain focus. 这就像开车一样。当你开车的时候，很难看出来你开到哪和要去哪。而另一方面，如果你停下来看看地图，你会发现超级有帮助。你现在正在哪儿？你走了有多远了？你想去哪儿？年终总结会帮你重新找到重点。 Like I mentioned above doing my annual review is like getting the report card for my life. How do I grade myself for this year? Do I give myself an A+? A? B? C? D? or even F? This asses *** ent reminds me if I have lived this year the way I had wanted to. 我之前提到过，写年终总结，就像拿成绩单一样。今年给自己打多少分？A+? A? B? C? D? 还是F? 这样的自我评估会提醒我，让我反思过去的一年是否是我想要的生活方式。 4. Start the next year on a high note 以高起点开始下一年 Last but not least your annual review will help you to start the next year on a high note. As I"m going to share later in the post doing your review includes setting your goals for the next year. For this year 2011 my one single biggest goal was to build this blog. So this year while other people were figuring out what to make out of their year I was a person on a mission. By mid-year I had already exceeded some of my goals and now that it"s the end of the year I"ve acplished what I had set out to do at the beginning and more. 最后，年终总结会帮你从一个高起点开始下一年的工作和生活。正如我稍后要跟大家分享的，年终总结会包括你下一年的目标。2011年我的最大目标是建好这个博客，所以在这一年，当其他人还在找寻到底该干些什么的时候，我已经是一个有任务的人了。年中的时候我就已经超额完成目标，现在到年末，我已经完成了年初的目标，甚至做的更多。 Exercise: Write Your Year End Review for 2011 练习：写下你的2011年终总结 Let"s get started on your year end review for this year! 从今年开始写下你的年终总结吧！ Take out your life handbook or if you don"t have your life handbook take out any notebook or blank piece of paper. If you have a blog you can copy the questions and answer them in your blog entry. 拿出生活手册，如果没有的话，就随便拿本笔记本或是张白纸。如果有博客，也可以把这些问题复制过去在你的博客里回答。 Set aside some quiet time with yourself for 30-45 minutes or so. Now write your answers to the following 6 questions: 给自己留出30到45分钟的安静时间，现在写下对这6个问题的回答： 1. What are your biggest acplishments this year? (Acplishments here refer to any results you are proud of) 今年你最大的收获是什么？（这里的收获指任何你感到骄傲的结果） 2. What are the biggest lessons you"ve learned this year? 今年最大的教训是什么？ 3. On a scale of 1-10 how satisfied are you with how you spent the year? (Or if you prefer giving grades what grade would you give yourself for how this year turned out beeen F- to A+?) Why? 如果让你从1到10给自己打分，今年你对自己的满意程度是几分？（如果你喜欢分等级的话，那么从F-到A+你今年表现怎么样呢？）为什么？ 4. What do you want to acplish next year such that it"s your best year ever? Alternatively: 最想完成什么样的目标让明年成为最棒的一年？或者： If it"s now Dec 31 of next year what do you want to see in your life? 如果现在是2012年12月31日，你希望自己生活是怎样的？ What does it take to make you feel a 10/10 satisfaction level at the end of next year? 到明年年底，什么事情会让你对自己百分百满意？ 5. What new habits to cultivate that will help you to achieve your goals in Q4? 为了实现第四个问题中的目标，你应该培养那些新习惯？ 6. What are your immediate next steps to achieve these goals? 为了实现这些目标，下一步你马上会进行什么？ Take as much time as you need to write your review. These are the very same questions I use for my personal review every year so I"ve no doubt that you"ll find them useful in yours. 写年终总结别着急，慢慢来。每年我都会拿这些问题来问自己，所以我肯定你们会发现这些问题很有用。 If you want you can get started with questions 1-3 first which are more reflection questions for the year. Spend a couple of days to think about them before moving to questions 4-6 which are about the year ahead. 如果愿意的话，可以先从问题1到3开始，这些都是更值得思考的年终问题。花上几天时间想一想，然后再回答问题4到6，这些是关于你来年的计划。

abstract偏向于“抽象”的意思brief是“简明、概要”的意思，相对于“复杂”来说的summary就是概括，像情节概括之类的都用这个词

abstract偏向于“抽象”的意思 brief是“简明、概要”的意思,相对于“复杂”来说的 summary就是概括,像情节概括之类的都用这个词

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8) 使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it"s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn"t have salt on your food it would taste awfulu201e like eating cardboard or sandu201e just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn"t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul"s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。

annualworksummary年度工作总结summary英[ˈsʌməri]美[ˈsʌməri]n.摘要，概要;总结，一览;adj.概括的，总结的;即刻的，立即的;

annual work summary 年度工作总结summary 英[ˈsʌməri] 美[ˈsʌməri] n. 摘要，概要; 总结，一览; adj. 概括的，总结的; 即刻的，立即的;

摘要

文章概要，文章总结

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