hawking

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents" house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father"s old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science. Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton.Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein"s General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has three popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays and most recently in 2001, The Universe in a Nutshell. There are .pdf and .ps versions of his full publication list. Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences. Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.

实际上是life has developed on the planet,但是在题目中没有on这个词，所以空格中应该填 on which=where望采纳

http://www.hawking.org.uk/这个可以

作状语表示时间

这显而易见啊，你的意思是 谁的 life 呢，planet 是住的地方。

他是史蒂芬，霍金。

Stephen Hawking史蒂芬霍金双语对照词典结果：Stephen Hawking史蒂芬·霍金（英国著名物理学家）; 以上结果来自金山词霸例句:1.Stephen hawking is worried about aliens. -----------------------------------如有疑问欢迎追问！满意请点击右上方【选为满意回答】按钮

小题1:B小题2:D小题3:A小题4:C 试题分析：小题1:B 细节题。根据文章第二行He wanted to study mathematics说明B正确。小题2:D 细节题。根据3,4行He received a Ph.D. in physics despite being diagnosed (诊断) with Ameliotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症) while at Oxford in 1963.以及In 1970 he began studying black holes.说明D正确，小题3:A 细节题。根据文章倒数4,5 Dr. Hawking has also written books such as A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and other Essays, The Universe in a Nutshell and others.说明A不是他写的。故A符合要求。小题4:C 计算题。Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on January 8, 1942. At the age of 17, he entered University College, Oxford.他是1942年出生，17岁的时候也就是1959年进入牛津大学。点评：本文介绍了著名的物理学家Stephen Hawking的生平和研究成果。本文的难点在于要消除语言的障碍，因为本文总的专业术语较多，考生能否不受这些专业术语的影响是解题的关键，要求考生有一定的上下文猜词能力。

《霍金传》百度网盘高清资源免费在线观看：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1tCb8Lkxx8x_T9RU06blGHA 提取码：ftv1作品相关简介：《霍金传》是菲利普·马丁执导的传记片，本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇和迈克尔·布兰登出演。该片讲述了霍金21岁的人生发生了一悲一喜的两个重大事件。

斯蒂芬u2022 霍金（hu0254:kiu014b） 希望帮到你。。

斯蒂芬霍金是英国科学家.他是世界上最著名的科学家之一.他是一个黑洞的专家.他研究的是宇宙的开始,也是宇宙的尽头. 霍金是在英国出生和生活.他的父亲是一个医学科学家. 当霍金10日,他想成为一名科学家.他很聪明.他和他的朋友都用机器的一些旧零件,建立计算机. 他还对宇宙充满好奇.他喜欢阅读关于宇宙的书.当他17岁,他又到英国牛津大学. 但不幸的是,当他21岁,他有一个不好的疾病.他无法移动或说话.但他的病情并没有使他停止发现宇宙的秘密

【答案】：B解析：confine限制，局限于，结构为be confined to。句意为“因为生病Steven Hawking现在一直住在医院里”。

英文原文：Stephen Hawking英式音标：[ˈstiːvən] [ˈhɔːkɪŋ] 美式音标：[ˈstiːvən] [ˈhɔkɪŋ]

斯蒂芬·霍金的意思。斯蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking，1942年1月8日—2018年3月14日），男，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论——爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。获得CH（英国荣誉勋爵）、CBE（大英帝国司令勋章）、FRS（英国皇家学会会员）、FRSA（英国皇家艺术协会会员）等荣誉。2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。2017年，为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》。同年11月，霍金曾表示技术有望逆转工业化对地球造成的一些危害，有助于消除疾病和贫困，但人工智能需要加以控制，还预言2600年能源消耗增加，地球或将变成“火球”。2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。史蒂芬·霍金的主要成就史蒂芬·威廉·霍金是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，剑桥大学数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家。荣获英国剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教席，这是自然科学史上继牛顿和狄拉克之后荣誉最高的教席。20世纪70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。凭一本薄薄的《时间简史》征服了全世界3000万读者。黑洞理论使量子论和热力学在“霍金辐射”中得到完美统一，而他在20世纪80年代提出的无边界设想的量子宇宙论，解决了困扰科学界几百年的“第一推动”问题。斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金的研究为理解黑洞和宇宙本源奠定了基础，不过据他本人指出，他在动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）和科幻剧集 《星际迷航：下一代》（Star Trek：The Next Generation）中的演出也同样精彩。霍金在《大设计》中强调，宇宙不需要一个造物主或“上帝”，以“哲学已死”开篇，这意味着人类将从愚昧的自我奴役超脱出来，其否认了纯哲学和宗教可以真正解释自然，这也表明各大宗教只是古代精神世界探索未知，追求不灭解脱的体系，而非客观真理。随着时代的进步，人类文明也当奋起直追，不甘落后，这就是为什么世代有识之士追求存在、生命和宇宙的意义。解决这些命题本来应该是哲学家的任务，可惜科学的高度发展使得哲学无法跟上。霍金希望解开宇宙诞生之时的奥秘，1970年，霍金将量子力学应用于解释黑洞现象，在之后的30年中，用量子力学解释整个宇宙已经变得更加困难了。霍金想找到一套可以完美解释整个宇宙现象的理论来说明137亿年诞生直到现在的宇宙，但是多年过去了就算无限接近他仍然没有得出结论。按照他的量子力学理论，宇宙诞生是大爆炸产生的，这是一个被压缩的无限小却具有超大重力的物质（也可以理解成密度无限大）爆炸的产物。量子力学的理论范畴不能够解释这一个过程是如何进行？为什么会这样？霍金说“那必须有一套可以描述小规模重力的理论”。霍金的同事，伦敦玛丽皇后学院的麦克·格林（Michael .Green）参与建构的超弦理论，简称为“弦论”，指出所有粒子和自然力量，其实都是在震荡中的像弦一样的微小物体，解决了霍金一直想努力解答的重力问题。该理论必须建立在宇宙必须有9、10甚至是大于11个的维度中，而人类身处的三维世界可能仅仅是真正的宇宙的其中一个膜。2014年1月24日，英国著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金教授再次以其与黑洞有关的理论震惊物理学界。在《黑洞的信息保存与气象预报》（Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting For Black Holes）的论文中，霍金指出，由于找不到黑洞的边界，因此“黑洞是不存在的”，不过“灰洞”的确存在。这是为了解决“防火墙”问题于新理论中设定“黑洞不存在”，其并非真不存在。黑洞的边界又称“视界”，经典黑洞理论认为，黑洞外的物质和辐射可以通过视界进入黑洞内部，而黑洞内的任何物质和辐射均不能穿出视界。霍金的“灰洞”理论认为，物质和能量在被黑洞困住一段时间以后，又会被重新释放到宇宙中。他在论文中承认，自己最初有关视界的认识是有缺陷的，光线其实是可以穿越视界的。当光线逃离黑洞核心时，它的运动就像人在跑步机上奔跑一样，慢慢地通过向外辐射而收缩。“经典黑洞理论认为，任何物质和辐射都不能逃离黑洞，而量子力学理论表明，能量和信息是可以从黑洞中逃离出来的。”霍金同时指出，对于这种逃离过程的解释需要一个能够将重力和其他基本力成功融合的理论。在过去近一百年间，物理学界没有人曾试图解释这一过程。对于霍金的“灰洞”理论，一些科学家表示认可，也有人持怀疑态度。美国卡夫立理论物理研究所的理论物理学家约瑟夫·波尔钦斯基（Joseph Polchinski）指出，根据爱因斯坦的引力理论，黑洞的边界是存在的，只是它与宇宙其他部分的区别并不明显。其实，早在2004年霍金就曾做出过类似表示。当年7月21日，霍金在“第17届国际广义相对论和万有引力大会”上指出，黑洞并非如他和其他大多数物理学家以前认为的那样，对其周遭的一切“完全吞噬”，事实上被吸入黑洞深处的物质的某些信息可能会在某个时候释放出来。1973年，霍金称自己通过计算得出结论，黑洞在形成过程中其质量减少的同时，还不断在以能量的形式向外界发出辐射。这就是著名的霍金辐射理论，该理论提到的黑洞辐射中并不包括黑洞内部物质的任何信息，一旦这个黑洞浓缩并蒸发消失后，其中的所有信息就都随之消失了，这便是所谓的“黑洞悖论”。这种说法与量子力学的相关理论出现相互矛盾之处。因为现代量子物理学认定这种物质信息是永远不会完全消失的。30多年来，霍金试图以各种推测来解释这一自相矛盾的观点。霍金曾表示，黑洞中量子运动是一种特殊情况，由于黑洞中的引力非常强烈，量子力学在此时已经不再适用了。霍金的这种说法并没有让科学界众多持怀疑态度学者信服。现在看来，霍金终于给了这个当年自相矛盾的观点一个更具有说服力的答案。霍金称，黑洞从来都不会完全关闭自身——霍金辐射，它们在一段漫长的时间里逐步向外界辐射出越来越多的热量，随后黑洞将最终开放自己并释放出其中包含的物质信息。2016年8月16日，海法以色列理工学院的教授杰夫斯坦豪尔（Jeff Steinhauer）在出版的《自然物理学》杂志中一篇论文上证明了霍金辐射的量子效应。他制造一种声音黑洞而非光黑洞，使用的是带声音粒子即声子“视界”的长管。2014年斯坦豪尔教授发现，视界上随机产生了声子。在他最新的结果中，斯坦豪尔证明这些声子是一对相关声子中的一个，从而证明了霍金辐射的量子效应。

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford,England.His parents" house was in north London,but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight,his family moved to St Albans,a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School,and then on to University College,Oxford,his father"s old college.Stephen wanted to do Mathematics,although his father would have preferred medicine.Mathematics was not available at University College,so he did Physics instead.After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.

Stephen William hawking, university of Cambridge, UK, applied mathematics and theoretical physics professor, contemporary the most important general relativity and cosmology, is one of the great an international reputation and is called the great scientist, also known as "the king of the universe. In the 1970s he proved with peng Ross together the famous for their common theorem, won the 1988 wolff Pierre. He was known as the world"s most famous after Einstein"s scientific thinker and most distinguished theoretical physicists. He also proved that black hole area theorem, as time increases the area black. It is natural that people will be black holes and area of thermodynamic entropy linked together.

Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive puter that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in co *** ology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities " or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD he stayed at Cambridge being known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein"s formulas as well as his questioning of older established physicists. In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by me of very plicated mathematics. He published the very technical book Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory a way of explaining in one equation all physical matter in the universe. 霍金English资料 (Stephen William Hawking) 参考: 天之心 Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of co *** ology and quantum gravity especially in the context of black holes and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and co *** ology in general. These include the runaway popular science bestseller A Brief History of Time which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. His key scientific works to date have included providing with Roger Penrose theorems regarding singularities in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation which is today known as Hawking radiation or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation. His scientific career sp more than 40 years and his books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity and world-renowned theoretical physicist. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Hawking is disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The illness has progressed over the years and he is now almost pletely paralysed. Biography Stephen William Hawking was born on January 8 1942 to Frank Hawking a research biologist and Isobel Hawking. He had o younger sisters Philippa and Mary and an adopted brother Edward. Though Hawking"s parents had their home in North London they moved to Oxford while Isobel was pregnant with Stephen desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child (London was under attack at the time by the Lufaffe). After Hawking was born the family moved back to London where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research. Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of co *** ology and quantum gravity especially in the context of black holes and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and co *** ology in general. These include the runaway popular science bestseller A Brief History of Time which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. His key scientific works to date have included providing with Roger Penrose theorems regarding singularities in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation which is today known as Hawking radiation or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation.His scientific career sp more than 40 years and his books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity and world-renowned theoretical physicist. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Hawking is disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The illness has progressed over the years and he is now almost pletely paralysed. 参考: en. *** /wiki/Stephen_Hawking

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 要这样的形式： 1942年-- 19…… 19……. . . 谢谢大家的热情帮助！！ 解析: Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive puter that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in co *** ology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, being known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein"s formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists. In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very plicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe. At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier. There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy. In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the co *** os for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig"s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a puter and voice synthesizer. "My goal is simple. It is plete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all." 有的是引用的,有的是查的,一部分是我写的,总之搞了好久,哈哈哈哈哈哈

Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science. He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable. In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein"s formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists. In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe. At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier. There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy. In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig"s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer. "My goal is simple. It is complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all."

一个网红

hawking的读音为["hu0254:ku026au014b]。一、单词释义1、hawking的中文含义为：利用鹰行猎。2、English theoretical physicist。3、the act of selling goods for a living。二、同义词1、Stephen HawkingStephen William Hawking。2、vending、peddling、vendition。三、词组短语1、stephen hawking：史蒂芬·霍金（英国著名物理学家）。2、hawking radiation：霍金辐射。四、双语例句1、The FEHD maintains control over hawking activities in the HKSAR.食物环境卫生署管理全港小贩的贩卖活动。2、He made a black hole emitting radiation (now called Hawking radiation) is now the prophecy is a generally accepted hypothesis.他提出黑洞能发射辐射（现在叫霍金辐射）的预言现在已是一个公认的假说。