essay

essay是什么意思?Essay可以看做是说明文 ，写作的一种，它的特点是内容丰富，语言简洁，通俗易懂，适合大多数学生的口味。我们要明确写essay的目的是什么。如果是为了申请某一个学校，那么写essay就是为了展示自己的优势，吸引招生官的注意。所以，我们要把写essay的目的定位在学校上，而不是写自己的优势。比如，我们可以写一些关于自己的兴趣爱好，或者擅长的领域，这样才能让招生官看到你的闪光点。当然，如果你的essay写的有特色，也会增加录取的几率。所以，我们要根据自己的优势，选择适合自己的essay。如果你是一个喜欢旅游的人，那么你的essay可以写一些关于旅游的内容，这样可以让你的申请更容易通过。如果需要essay辅导的话，可以追问我！

在外面留学，对于中国学生而言会遇到诸多的学业难题，其中essay是常见的学习作业，也就是小论文。留学生除了要应对大量的essay作业外，可能还会遇到：reportPaperreviewdissertationAssignmentessay、paper、report都属于平时作业中相对篇幅短的论文写作。

第一个是忘了给手表上发条，第二个是写完这篇文章

essay：Describe an ethical dilemma that you encountered during the past 4 years. How did you handle it and what did you learn from it?我准备写寝室里的人偷的钱（但我不确定是不是她），但是我该怎么写我最后是如何handle的，而且我能从这个学到什么呢？

　　申请美国的名校，需要大家进行文书材料的准备，这部分会直接影响大家的申请，写得好不好会带来不同的影响。接下来就为大家介绍美国留学名校MBA essay怎么写？ 　　 文书题目 　　芝加哥院校： 　　A hot dog might be a sandwich， and cereal might be a soup， but is a_ a ？ （University of Chicago）_？意思是，热狗它也许会是一个三明治，稻谷可能会变成一碗汤，但是_？ 　　加州理工： 　　Caltech students are often known for their sense of humor and creative pranks. What do you like to do for fun？ 意思是，加州理工有很多学生会喜欢用幽默感的方式，去创造一些恶作剧，但是非常有新意，那你个人喜欢什么样的创造娱乐类的活动呢。 　　哥伦比亚： 　　List the titles of the films， concerts， shows， exhibits， lectures and other entertainments you enjoyed most in the past year. 意思是，学生在这过去的一年，都有喜欢一些什么样的电影、音乐、表演、展览，或者是其喜欢的娱乐类事件活动。 　　斯坦福： 　　Imagine you had an extra hour in the day — how would you spend that time？ 请学生可以想一想，如果今天自己突然多出来一个小时，学生会如何度过这一个小时呢。 　　 写作技巧 　　这上面的是排名比较靠前的院校，文书的问题都是比较古灵精怪的，从这些看似奇葩的问题中，如果学生能够写出非常有趣，并且丰富的文章，那就有可能在申请者中脱颖而出。但是这样子的优秀文书，确实是需要很长时间去思考，以及需要反复的修改，那下面就是两大方法。 　　避免一个答案思维： 　　学生要记得没有一个标准的答案，学生不需要去揣测考官想要看到什么，因为有些学生会东施效颦，张冠李戴去模仿一些套路，或者说直把往年比较优秀的文书的框架，全部复制用到自己的稿子里面，这是没有必要的。 　　做自己个人独特： 　　奇葩的题目，其实是难度很大的，但是这样的题目，会让学生更好的去写出文笔幽默，充满乐趣的文章，那跃然纸上的你们自然是与别人不同的形象。 　　俗话说的好，你就是颜色不一样的烟火。这个意思是，学生没有必要为了独特而去，写一些自己不擅长的领域，比如说学生本来擅长风趣，但是却要写成严肃。本来擅长深刻逻辑，却要写讽刺诙谐，这是没有必要的。学生写的文书，应该诠释自己独特个性，试想一下考官，在没有见到你之前，其实并不认识你，只能就通过你的文书来了解你，写出独有个性的闪耀文书，更加能吸引考官。 　　 参考范文 　　My aim is creation. I love the idea of giving life to nothingness. Were I another person in another time， I might spend my whole life tilling the land. Just like the earliest farmers， the sight of dirt giving rise to carrots and tomatoes at my whim feels like a miracle. I like to randomly burst out in song. I like to shake my body. If I could I would be a pianist and a poet and a painter and a politician. Unfortunately， in all these disciplines my ability can&apos&apost meet my enthusiasm. Where I can create， and break tired codes， is in the kitchen. With unlimited time and resources I would become the best pastry baker and the finest chef in all of the eastern seaboard. 　　I really like food. On some drab school days I cheer myself up thinking of the dinner awaiting me in the evening. Often I do a 24-hour fast to ready my stomach for a huge meal. Now， being served this food is fine. It&apos&aposs usually restful and rewarding to sit down after a long day to someone else&apos&aposs careful work， whether they be parents， grandmothers， or Little Caesar. But I&apos&aposve noticed a dull glaze in the eyes of those who cook every night. They&apos&aposre doing it not to forge the uncreated conscience of their race， as a hungry James Joyce might say， but out of sometimes love and sometimes duty. I know cooks whose ＂old standbys＂ wow me every time， but they haven&apos&apost any pleasure in their labors. Care and duty are NOT why I want to explore food. 　　I love the whole culinary process， from seedling to grocery to refrigerator to oven to table. At each stage the elements grow more complex and my work far more deliberate. Peeling and coring an apple takes more intellection than planting a row of seeds. Yet I think I shine where order fades away： beyond rules and recipes， in that zone called It&apos&aposs Up To You. I decided to throw in a cup of yogurt instead of butter to my pound cake. No one told me that lentils， carrots， and a bay leaf would make a great salad. I just felt them together. And there was a unanimous vote -- me -- to add cumin and coriander to the spaghetti sauce. Sizzle. Bubble. The creation is imminent. 　　Someone like me needs to stand over that stove. I need to see the joy in my eaters&apos&apos eyes when they say， ＂This is really good！ How&apos&aposd you do this？＂ Their simple joys are my creative release -- the critical acceptance of newness. In life and in the kitchen， I want to be the best in my field.

　　美国留学申请essay的写作是申请美国留学关键的一个环节，那么大家知道该如何书写吗？下面我给大家整理了美国商科硕士留学essay书写指南，一起来看看吧。 　 　首先是美国留学申请essay的书写技巧 　　 言简意赅，避免啰啰嗦嗦。 　　每一个句子都应该精简到只保留它的基本部分。任何冗余或者不能增加新意的词语都应该删除。当你把文章精简并删掉不必要的词和短语时，文章的质量就得到了提高。要知道，招生委员会在审核期间，要短时间内面对那么多essay，他是没有时间来看啰啰嗦嗦，没有主次的文章的。 　　 表述要精确。 　　任何时候都要尽可能详尽而又具体。细节能让你的作品更具真实性。对于要表述的内容，想要表达的思想要精确的表达出来，感染到读者，让读者信服，从而体现文章的真实性。 　　 主题要明确。 　　申请的时候，学校给出的essay题目都是有很强的针对性的，所以，在撰写essay之前一定要想清楚这个题目的隐含意义，了解学校想通过这篇文章考察你什么。然后在动笔，这样写出来的文章才有针对性，而不会偏离目标。有的时候题目显得很简单，但是事实上这类题目是最不好写的，因为简单的一句话让人很难摸清楚他们的出题思路和意图，对这类的题目反而要更加注意。 　　 各篇essay之间要相辅相成。 　　一般来讲，每所学校会要求3-5篇essay，每篇essay考察的目的是不同的，因此，在动笔之前要想好写作的思路和结构。在一篇文章中已体现的重点就不要在另一篇文章中出现，否则几篇文章写下来却只反映了一个特点，很多优势没有展示出来，这样，录取委员会就不会看到一个完整优异的你，从而不能决定是否录取你。 　 　保持同一风格和语调。 　　在开始动笔之前，你就要决定好采用怎样的风格和语调，并在整篇短文中一以贯之。如果你在短文开头部分的语调是轻松和幽默的，就不要突然在短文中间转变为忧郁或者严厉的语调。如果你打算把自己的短文写成是个人日记风格的，就不要突然开始向局外的读者吹嘘自己。 　　 多修改。 　　无论是本科还是商学院对essay一般都有字数上的限制，如此多的内容要归纳到那么少的文字中，如何能把每句话都说到点子上，让每个字都发挥其作用还是有一定难度的。当一篇文章写好之后，一定要回头仔细阅读，认真推敲每个句子，同时也可以给自己的朋友和家人看，让他们也多提提意见。一篇好的文章是需要反复多次修改才能“完美”呈现出来的。 　　 下面来看看美国留学申请essay的书写误区 　　 1、简历式文书 　　这是许多学生经常会写的一种文书形式，这种文章中的句子堆砌着这样的内容：“我做了这个活动，我是这个活动的领导者，我做了哪些事，我又参加了这个活动，我做了什么，我学到了什么……” 　　文书只是一次展现你内心的机会，而不是秀出你有怎样的录取资格，你要展现你是谁，什么令你兴奋不已，如果想要在文书上获得优势，你必须确保每篇你所写作的文书要么包含故事，要么包含绝佳的点子或者分析，如果你没能在文书中体现这两点，那么你的文书可能就淹没了。 　 　2、“我拿了A”式文书 　　这种文书指的是你一直在讨论学习上的成功。可能你写的是算术课上的经历，你遇到了一个很严厉的老师但最终你克服了困难等等。 　　这种“一心要在学术上取得成绩，决定要努力学习，或者向老师或朋友求助，最后事情成功了，获得了一个A”的故事，不只是一种无聊的陈词滥调，而且会让你看起来像一个无聊的全能型学生，我想在文书里看的是你是谁，而不仅仅是学习。所以，在写文书时要注意以下两个方面： 　　a、写那种寓意不是非常显而易见的故事； 　　b、不要把自己困于学科成就的方面。 　 　3、“使命”型文书 　　这种文书写的是：在你参加很有意义有很使命感的活动时，那些你帮助的人向你展示了怎样的美好心灵，然后你意识到我们应该做一些事让世界更美好。 　　如果用这种陈词滥调的方式写文书，不能说这种文章很差劲，只能说这种题材和你的生活有些孤立。你应该告诉我们你是什么样的人，你如何在压力下工作，因为你的这些经历还是可以在你的resume里找到。 　 　4、“通用答案”式文书 　　这种文书有2个特点：1、看不到自己的特点和细节；2、这故事具有普遍适用性，可以安在任何一个人身上。 　　很多学生写这样文书的原因，可能是羞于展现他们生活的细节，但是你的文章需要你自己的特点，什么让你成为你自己，而不是得出一个答案而已。并且，美国大学钟爱的是individual ethos个体精神。 　 　5、“宗教”文书 　　如果你要申请宗教学校的话，那尽情的写你所爱的这种文书吧。但我想要说的是，有两种文书要谨慎对待： 　　 1）政治 　　并不是说政治不能写，也有很多学生能够以非常中立的态度对待政治话题。因为政治话题很广，你不想站到一边，你想尽可能考虑全面，不冒犯别人，所以这就为写作带来很大难度。 　 　2）宗教 　　如果你要写关于宗教的主题，可以参考以下三点建议： 　　（1）从学术角度来写； 　　讨论一个小众的宗教；一些小众的宗教可以开启看待世界的全新入口，会让你在所有学生中显得特别。 　　（2）选择不会冒犯他人的角度； 　　你可以在写完文书后，给你不信教的朋友看看，问问他们是否觉得有冒犯性，由此可以判断是否会给招生官带来负面的印象。 　　 最后带给大家一篇美国留学申请essay范文 　　My aim is creation. I love the idea of giving life to nothingness. Were I another person in another time， I might spend my whole life tilling the land. Just like the earliest farmers， the sight of dirt giving rise to carrots and tomatoes at my whim feels like a miracle. I like to randomly burst out in song. I like to shake my body. If I could I would be a pianist and a poet and a painter and a politician. Unfortunately， in all these disciplines my ability can&apos&apost meet my enthusiasm. Where I can create， and break tired codes， is in the kitchen. With unlimited time and resources I would become the best pastry baker and the finest chef in all of the eastern seaboard. 　　I really like food. On some drab school days I cheer myself up thinking of the dinner awaiting me in the evening. Often I do a 24-hour fast to ready my stomach for a huge meal. Now， being served this food is fine. It&apos&aposs usually restful and rewarding to sit down after a long day to someone else&apos&aposs careful work， whether they be parents， grandmothers， or Little Caesar. But I&apos&aposve noticed a dull glaze in the eyes of those who cook every night. They&apos&aposre doing it not to forge the uncreated conscience of their race， as a hungry James Joyce might say， but out of sometimes love and sometimes duty. I know cooks whose ＂old standbys＂ wow me every time， but they haven&apos&apost any pleasure in their labors. Care and duty are NOT why I want to explore food. 　　I love the whole culinary process， from seedling to grocery to refrigerator to oven to table. At each stage the elements grow more complex and my work far more deliberate. Peeling and coring an apple takes more intellection than planting a row of seeds. Yet I think I shine where order fades away： beyond rules and recipes， in that zone called It&apos&aposs Up To You. I decided to throw in a cup of yogurt instead of butter to my pound cake. No one told me that lentils， carrots， and a bay leaf would make a great salad. I just felt them together. And there was a unanimous vote -- me -- to add cumin and coriander to the spaghetti sauce. Sizzle. Bubble. The creation is imminent. 　　Someone like me needs to stand over that stove. I need to see the joy in my eaters&apos&apos eyes when they say， ＂This is really good！ How&apos&aposd you do this？＂ Their simple joys are my creative release -- the critical acceptance of newness. In life and in the kitchen， I want to be the best in my field.

　　想要申请美国研究生项目的同学们或多或少都知道文书写作在整个申请材料中的重要性，甚至，A同学的硬件条件还不如B同学，但是A同学却拿到了B同学都没有拿到的offer。和我一起来看看什么是美国研究生留学Essay。 　　那么，美国研究生留学Essay是必写的吗？回答是Essay不是必须的，有些专业的要求是一篇ps即可（Essay和ps都是文书的一部分。要求ps的学校基本上不会再要求Essay了，反之，要求Essay的学校也基本上不会再要求学生写ps了）。但是，像金融，会计，MBA，市场营销这样的专业要求申请者写Essay的学校还是非常多的。 　 　什么是美国研究生留学Essay ？ 　　简单的说，美国研究生留学Essay就是根据学校的题目要求，完成一篇命题作文。 　 　比如，JHU（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）的金融专业要求学生写一篇Essay。 　　Business leaders have the ability to create opportunities， build products and systems， and inspire others to action. Please describe a time you created an opportunity， built a new product or system， or inspired others to act. The example you provide and elaborate upon may come from your professional endeavors， academic pursuits or civic engagements. （500 word maximum） 　 　再比如，波士顿学院的会计专业要求学生写两篇Essay。 　　Essay 1： Please discuss how you plan to achieve your short and long term career goals. What challenges will you face and how will you leverage your academic and professional experiences to achieve these goals？ （500 words， 12 point font， double-spaced）。 　　Essay 2： Please indicate your reasons for applying to the Carroll School of Management. What unique characteristics of the Boston College MBA， MSA or MSF program resonate with you both personally and professionally？ （500 words， 12 point font， double-spaced） 　 　另外，哥大的MBA要求三个Essay。 　　Essay 1： Through your resume and recommendations， we have a clear sense of your professional path to date. What are your career goals going forward， and how will the Columbia MBA help you achieve them？ （Maximum 500 words） 　　Essay 2： Columbia Business School"s location enables us to bridge theory and practice in multiple ways： through Master Classes， internships， the New York Immersion Seminars， and， most importantly， through a combination of distinguished research faculty and accomplished practitioners. How will you take advantage of being “at the very center of business”？ （Maximum 250 words） 　　Essay 3： CBS Matter， a key element of the School"s culture， allows the people in your Cluster to learn more about you on a personal level. What will your Clustermates be pleasantly surprised to learn about you？ （Maximum 250 words） 　　学校要求的美国研究生留学Essay这么多，好难写啊，为什么要写这么多Essay呢，不能一篇ps搞定吗？学校要求Essay的目的其实很清楚，他们想要了解你更多，借此判断你是否适合他们项目。比如通过你分享的领导力活动，他们可以判断你是不是他们看中的未来领导者，与他们培养的领导者是不是一致的。因为有些学校亲睐的是创新型领导者，有些是亲睐成熟的领导者，更有些亲睐的是目前领导经历不多，但可塑性很强的未来领导者。明白了学校要求写Essay的目的，相信大家在写作的时候会更加得心应手。

文昊王二锁迁都许都将筷子掉落在地上。幸好当时雷声乍起并说应厚待蜀后主刘禅。司马昭见信

口语， 很口语。。。。let me alone 让我单独待会。ignore, negelect will be better choices

具体情况，具体分析。要看申请人的具体情况而定。如，申请人除了留学文书外，都准备了其他的什么材料。还有，申请人是要申请什么学校与课程，毕竟不同的学校与课程，有不同的要求。一般来说，申请英国学校，主要需要提供以下的申请材料：1、学历证明；2、留学文书；3、雅思成绩。

HEAV"N from all creatures hides the book of Fate,AR but the page prescrib"d, their present state,From brutes what men, from men what spirits know,Or who could suffer Being here below?The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,Had he thy Reason, would he skip and play?Pleas"d to the last, he crops the flow"ry food,And licks the hand just rais"d to shed his blood.Oh blindness to the future! kindly giv"n,That each may fill the circle mark"d by Heav"n:Who sees with equal eye, as God of all,A hero perish, or a sparrow fall,Atoms or systems into ruin hurl"d,And now a bubble burst, and now a world.Hope humbly then; with trembling pinions soar;Wait the great teacher, Death; and God adore!What future bliss, he gives not thee to know,But gives that Hope to be thy blessing now,Hope springs eternal in the human breast;Man never is, but always to be blest:The soul uneasy, and confin"d at home,Rests, and expatiates, in a life to come.Lo! the poor Indian, whose untutor"d mindSees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind;His soul, proud Science never taught to strayFar as the solar walk, or milky way;Yet simple Nature to his Hope has giv"n,Behind the cloud-topt hill, an humbler heav"n;Some safer world in depth of woods embrac"d,Some happier island in the watry waste,Where slaves once more their native land behold,No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold.To be, contents his natural desire,He asks no Angel"s wing, no Seraph"s fire;But thinks, admit来自所有生物的HEAV"N隐藏了命运书，AR，但页面规定，他们目前的状态，从野蛮人那些男人，男人的灵魂知道什么，或谁可能受苦在这里？羔羊你的暴乱今天会流血，如果他是你的理由，他会跳过并玩吗？最后，他开始播种流动的食物，然后舔手抓住他的血液。哦对未来失明！亲切的，每一个都可以填满Heav"n标记的圆圈：谁是平等的眼睛，作为所有人的上帝，英雄灭亡，或麻雀摔倒，原子或系统陷入毁灭，而现在泡沫破裂，现在是一个世界。希望谦卑地;颤抖的小齿翱翔;等待伟大的老师，死亡;而且上帝崇拜！未来的幸福，他不让你知道，但是，希望现在成为你的祝福，希望在人类的乳房中永生;男人永远不会，但总是要冷静：灵魂不安，并在家里，在未来的生活中休息和阐述。罗！可怜的印度人，他的无意识的头脑在云中看见上帝，或在风中听见他;他的灵魂，自豪的科学从未教会流浪太阳散步，或银河系;然而，他希望的简单自然已经存在了，在云层山的后面，一个更加谦逊的人;一些更安全的森林深处的世界，在浪费的一些更幸福的岛屿，奴隶们再一次看到自己的土地，没有恶魔折磨，没有基督徒渴望金子。满足他的自然欲望，他没有天使的翅膀，没有塞拉弗的火;但是，思考，承认

我在朗文词典里看到的，这两个词都有“作文”的含义，在表示“作文”之意，看词典里的解释，应该是可以互换的。内容如下：

essay的conclusion的写法：结论是对文章的总结，像introduction一样，必不可少，需要用简单、总结的语句写。多以in conclusion开头。conclusion内容另起一行考左对齐书写。EASSY字体都用times new roman字体，除大标题外的字体用小四，行距以1.5倍为准。文章总结的技巧：论文的总结不能只是简单的复述研究结果，必须要对论文的研究结果有更进一步的认识和推广。总结的内容要着眼于研究结果的实际价值。得出的研究结果有怎样的发展和展望，对哪些方面有什么样的作用和影响。

一般来说：essay包括introduction,body和conclusion这三个部分。conclusion也就是结论部分，是整篇文章的总结所在，这里你要总结文章的思想、证明自己的观点。essay conclusion怎么写呢？下面是一篇关于 how to write the conclusion of an essay。大家可以参考学习，如果您想代写essay？欢迎联系我们在线客服人员！The conclusion of an essay may be the most important element of the essay. An essay may have an enticing introduction that draws in the reader, contain fascinating facts and persuasive details. However, it is the conclusion that wraps everything together and prompts the reader to take action or ponder further. This is the mark of a well-written conclusion.Reflect the IntroductionJust as the introduction was the opening argument, the conclusion is the closing argument. This is the last chance a writer has to address the reader and influence their way of thinking. The conclusion should answer the Introduction and offer convincing compelling arguments, based on the facts within the body of the essay. Some say a conclusion is difficult to write. In truth, for the author who has researched and considered the issue, it is the climax and resolution of the struggle to present the issue within the writer"s chosen context.Integrate Ideas to Build an Argument for Your ThesisRather than summarizing the facts in a final paragraph, a conclusion should tie all the previously presented ideas together, braiding them into an argument that demands the attention of the reader. The conclusion is the author"s opportunity to shroud the facts in personal opinion, framing them within the writer"s personal slant. Unashamedly, tie together the provided evidence in the argument for the thesis, pointing to facts, rather than restating them. Unite the stated facts to promote the claims made by the thesis.

要是个人学习总结的话，比如学习英语哈，那你可以先谈谈你自己对英语的看法，可以涉及一点关于英语的定义；然后呢，总结以上的部分以及提出你对大家的建议Personal Reflection（正标题 ）on how to learn English（副标题）（first paragraph） I would like to share with you my own reflections on how to learn English……（这个部分就是你陈述现今学习英语的存在的现象）（body paragraph） 1.……2.……3.……（last paragraph ）总结+提出自己的观点这样结构清晰，论点充足，相信你的文章就已经成功了一半。希望能帮到你

写一篇Reflection Essay对于提高你的批判性思维能力来说是一种很好的锻炼。在你写Reflection Essay之前，你必须明白你所反思的是什么，否则你只会失去你的想法，或许更糟的是，你将会写不出任何有意义的东西。你必须记住，一篇Reflection Essay就像是一篇日记，你可以随时记下你的想法或是你对某一主题的看法。你的主题可以是一部电影、一本书、一个事件或是任何的事情。在写你的Reflection Essay之前，你需要问自己几个问题，如：对于这个主题我的感觉是什么？它是怎样触动我的，是否是全部的内容？如果它没有触动我，是为什么呢？你需要注意到，问题都是关于个人的。这是因为一篇Reflection Essay是让你表达你的见解的。知道这些个人问题的答案可以帮助你写一篇Reflection Essay。但是你不要仅仅只在这三个问题上限制你自己。你应该要探索更多，然后说出你的意见。忽略事实的真相，专注于你自己的见解。 当你有了上述的个人问题的答案后，列出你的答案。然后，总结成一句话。这将是你的主要中心思想或中心论点，这将会引导你思考文章的其他部分。根据的论点，发现支持它的论据或观点。你可能会在一个段落中扩展或写更多关于论据的想法。每一段都将会是你论文的主体。你可以尝试在这些段落中陈述事实，就如你所观察到的，这样你的论据将会变得更有力。事实的充分参考对你的反思是一个很好的方式。在你完成你reflection essay的主体段落后，回到你的个人问题。这一次，问问你自己，并确认这些是不是想要写的：这就是我对这个话题真正的感受？这是它如何触动我，关于它的全部内容？它真的没有触动我，原因是哪些？这是一件你在写你的reflection essay后诚实的重申。你应该只提供您的真实感想，否则写下来的东西将会远离你反映的主题的真正目的。同时，写下你怎样和为什么会有这些见解。你需要保持一致，避免一个段落的想法与另一个段落的想法发生冲突。关于你reflection essay的结论，简要地重述你的主要观点或论点。你可以用一个问题来结束，问问别人是否和你一样有相同的主题思想。你也可以给你的读者发出一个挑战，比如要求他们说说同一主题的想法并且问同样的问题。无论如何，最重要的是要记住一篇reflection essay通常是一个话题：可能会或可能不会影响你和他人的个人评价。

　　不管Essay题型千资多变，但题型中关键字的实际意义和潜在性的structure但是一成不变的哦，本文我分门别类地小结了最普遍的45个关键字，在写essay以前用心了解这种关键字针对进行写作思路有非常大协助。 　　Identification类关键字 　　Identification类的题型调查“举例论证”的功底，绝大多数状况不用夹杂主观性观念或论点论据。 　　关键字包含：define，enumerate，identify，list，state，summarise，outline，clarify，indicate。 　　Define 　　言简意赅的给某一英语单词、语句或是基础理论做界定，有的界定有争执性，有的很有可能有好几个界定，因而文章内容要探讨下列的内容。 　　How do other scholars define the subject? 　　Why is its meaning contested? 　　Why have you chosen to use one meaning instead of the other? 　　Enumerate/List 　　简单明了地例举出回答。 　　Identify/State 　　把握住关键，随后用说明性的语言简要连贯性地论述出去。 　　Summarise 　　用简要的语言提炼出关键，忽视关键点，保证一针见血。假如必须有实例支撑点，切勿绕弯子做刻骨铭心剖析。 　　Outline 　　简明扼要，有思维逻辑将客观事实摆列出，有时能够讲各点中间的联络，但切忌细究。 　　Descriptive类关键字 　　叙述种类注重对事情做详尽的剖析，有的关键字归属于纯叙述，但有的必须加上辨症剖析。 　　关键字包含：describe，discuss，elaborate，explain，examine，account for，illustrate，review，develop，sketch，trace。 　　Describe 　　纯叙述型关键字，必须对事情开展详细完全的描述，有时必须表述why和how。 　　Discuss 　　它是大家为顾客代笔Essay题型中最普遍的关键字之一。回应Discuss的题型招数一般分四步。 　　给题型举例论证，表述题型的缘故、危害、实际效果这些。 　　双面说Pros和Cons，并给与事实论据支撑点。 　　建立自身的见解观点，并给与事实论据支撑点。 　　将话题讨论开展延伸。 　　Elaborate 　　在某一subject上开展详尽完全地剖析。elaborate的难题一般是调查学员的literature review是不是普遍全方位。 　　Explain/account for 　　表述种类的题型要对全部的特性和界定做表述，尽量地详尽。在做表述的情况下，脑中要时刻闪过what，how，why这三个词，这也是structure全篇文章的窍门。 　　Examine 　　对某一基础理论或是恶性事件做深度调查科学研究，具体内容能够包含 　　Why the issues and facts that you have closely examined are important? 　　Have these issues and facts been examined differently by other scholars? 　　How did they differ in their approach? 　　What are the factors that account for these alternative approaches? 　　Relation类关键字 　　关联类的题型一般是调查相同之处、不同之处及其不同之处中间的关系。 　　关键字包含：analyse，compare，contrast，differentiate，distinguish，relate。 　　Analyse 　　Analyse的题目一般是要将某一subject溶解，用很多的参考文献做表明，并融合着参考文献说明自身观点。大概流程分成五步。 　　Introductory statement:“State the structure andfunction of the whole.” 　　Break it into parts.State the parts. 　　State the structure and function of each part anddescribe. 　　Show relationships among the parts to the whole. 　　Usually summarize by restating the structure andfunction of the major parts and relationship to hewhole,or evaluate the effectiveness of the whole.Essay writing service on essay.lxws.net 　　Contrast 　　Contrast注重二者的不一样处，除开强调不一样处，也要剖析二者不一样的缘故等。一般compare和contrast会在题型中融合应用。 　　Compare 　　Compare注重二者的类似处，除开现象的较为，还能够细究到类似处的根本原因和必要性。有时还能够一笑了之二者的不一样处，但谨记是一笑了之。 　　阅读推荐：Compare and Contrast Essay写作方法方式 　　Demonstrate类 　　认证类的题型是研究某事是不是恰当。 　　关键字包含：explain，why，justify，prove，show，support，demonstrate。 　　Demonstrate/Prove 　　在认证某一基础理论合理或是恰当的情况下，要融合很多实例和基础理论支撑点。 　　Justify 　　很有感染力地举例论证讲理，说动阅读者自身的见解或是观点是恰当的。驳论方法在这儿很有效。 　　ILLUSTRATE 　　和demonstrate类似，也必须很多的数据信息、标志、和concrete科研成果，支撑点某一基础理论。 　　Evaluation类关键字 　　评定类的毕业论文题目是老师们的钟爱，由于涉及到调查学员们单独辨症思索工作能力。 　　关键字包含：evaluate，criticise，comment，interpret，assess，propose，review，examine，to what extend，explore。 　　Evaluate/Examine 　　对某一基础理论或是恶性事件表态发言，发布自身的看法，从正反面分析问题，并考量那方比例更高。一般流程分成 　　Find the purpose for evaluation(determine the relevance to the class)i.e."Evaluate a dress.”If it is a sewing class–one purpose:if it is a dry cleaning class–another purpose. 　　Decide on the criteria or standards by which you will measure the effectiveness of desirability of the object. 　　Compare and contrast pertinent aspects of the object or idea or structure or whatever you are evaluating,with the criteria or standards. 　　Judge how well the criteria are met and state your opinion based on how closely the criteria are met. 　　One criterion may be critical,if so,state this. 　　Usually,rank the criteria in terms of importance. 　　Criticise 　　对某事情或某一基础理论的优点和缺点或是长度处的剖析，并考量双面的危害并创建自身的见解观点。一般流程分成 　　Find out the purpose–critique it for what purpose?There may be several,i.e.“Would this book be successful as a children"s book or as an adolescent"s book,or…?” 　　Analyzed to find the criteria relevant to the purpose. 　　Evaluate. 　　State the strengths and weaknesses for each aspect. 　　Review 　　评价要有思维逻辑和架构性，尽管剖析客观事实要客观性，但也别忘记加上自身的见解。评价的全过程中能够问一问自身 　　What do you agree or disagree with? 　　What have other scholars said about the subject? 　　Are there any views that contrast yours? 　　What evidence are you using to support your assessment? 　　Explore 　　探究性的题型注重针对性和多方面观点，在得出自身的论点论据以前，要尽量摆放出别的反过来的见解，随后综合性小结创建自身的观点。 　　Interpret 　　汉语翻译、评价全是在全文的基本上得出自身的见解观点，融合着自身的了解去诠释某一基础理论或恶性事件。 　　之上便是我为大伙儿小结的在Essay创作题型中经常会出现的45个关键字，根据掌握这种关键字来扩展Essay写作思路，也许会很有帮助哦。

在MBA的申请Essay非常重要，可总是get不到写Essay的点，怎么办？首先，你要了解商学院旨在培养学生的哪些能力。跟小编一起来看看，商学院看重学生的哪些能力？MBA旨在培养学生的“软能力”，这些软能力包括：沟通技巧、人际关系、分析能力、国际视野前瞻力、积极主动的态度、自信心、抗压能力、果断的决策能力、处理问题的能力。所以在申请MBA的Essay中，你要表现出拥有这些能力的底子，顶尖商学院才会认可你。你可以通过Essay故事的形式，展现一个或几个突出的能力，让学校对你印象更深刻。因为在500字左右的essay里，不可能把自己的每一个能力都展示出来，所以有重点的突出才是更明智的选择。每个申请人选择MBA的原因都不同，你为什么要读MBA呢？这也是top商学院关心的问题，一般都会在Essay中直接被提问道。对于这个问题，不妨从以下几个方面思考：1、自身职业发展的需要有些人在原有的岗位工作很久后责任越来越大，面临的问题已经超出了自身知识和能力的范畴，所以急需知识拓展。例如很多做研究出身的人，晋升到管理岗位后需要做一定的管理决策，就会有些力不从心。那么就需要MBA来为你补足商业思维，拓展知识领域。2、转换职业路径还有很多学生觉得目前工作不满意，想要改变一下职业路线。例如一些本来审计行业的学生，希望转到金融领域做投资分析相关的工作，但是自身很难突破圈子的限制，寻求到适合的职业转型机会。这时，MBA会给你带来一个更广阔的职业选择平台，帮助这些有转型需要的学生们拓展自己的职业圈子。3、创业很多人都怀有创业梦，从想法的确立到企业产生、发展这一系列的过程，学生可以从MBA商学院学习和借鉴其他资源案例，甚至可以得到结实更多志同道合的创业者，一起完成创业梦。4、扩展人际网络这也是很多人选择MBA的原因，商学院很具多样化，行业的差异度高，区域跨度大，校友群体非常庞大。为学生提供充足的校友网络，让有才能的人拥有更多机会，帮助学生取得更大的成功。5、适应变化，寻求新的挑战市场是瞬息万变的，想要取得更大成就，就要适应市场的变化以及不断寻找新的挑战。MBA是很好的感受市场变化，以及挑战新市场的平台。

　　Argument Essay写作对于很多留学生来说很难完成，甚至不知道怎么动笔，总觉得没有把握写好。今天Meeloun小编就给同学们分享一些关于高分Argument Essay写作的技巧，希望可以帮到大家。Introduction开头的组织框架1.Set the context by addressing the topic in a general mannerInclude background information with a short analysis and development of the debate背景，发展现状2.Review the topic and explain why it is importantAnswer this:Why should the reader care about the issue?提一提Essay话题的必要性3.Definition定义你所要辩论的主题以限定范围4.Present a concise thesis statement(包括有关topic的观点和自己的立场）Body Paragraph:Body paragraph是陈述理由和支持的黄金地段1.每段只能有一个主要观点2.Connect the body of each paragraph to your thesis statementProvide multiple,detailed examples per paragraph that explain why the evidence supports the thesis从正面论证自己的观点3.Discuss opposing viewpoints of each paragraph"s main ideaExplain how the opposing arguments do not align with your thesis(rather than just dismissing them outright)反面论证，通过论证与自己观点相悖观点的漏洞，并比较利弊，使文章更有说服力为了使文章更有说服力，你应该提供下列两种形式的evidence.数据和引言Use statistical evidence&Incorporate empirical research through surveys and interviews四种数据类型：1.raw numbers(117 million visitors to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,),2.averages(women"s bowling teams drink on average two pitchers less then men"s"),3.statistical probabilities("crossing North Main during rush hour increases your chances of death 20%"),and4.statistical trends("applications have risen 40%over the past three years").Argument Essay写作权威性两种引言类型：1.First-hand testimony can help give the audience a sense of being there.2.Experts backed by more formal knowledge,methods,and trainingConclusion:Summary of essay argumentRestatement of the significance of the topic(Optional)Give opinions,provide issues to improve situation其实写Argument essay写作最需要的是发散思维，尽量多角度地选取论点，来令自己有话可说。字数不够时，引用切题的reference往往有奇效。回答来源于Meeloun教育，原文链接

说你需要写一个结论段啊，evaluation paragraph是评论段。写作文写完一个例子之后要就那个例子展开描述及评价，但是最终还是需要一个结论段的

在撰写Essay的时候，一般可以分为五个步骤，分别为：1、Essay选题想要撰写一篇essay，首当其冲的便是选题了，一个优秀的题目是非常加分的。但是需要具备相关的专业知识、基本技能、长期大量的阅读相关学术文献。在选题的时候，可以从学术研究的兴趣与学科相关的最新研究动态与热点来进行入手。2、查找资料　在定题之后，需要从各类相关文献中查阅资料，了解足够的相关知识，并将其中与人文社科essay题目相关的信息与知识点进行收集与整理，为eassy写作做准备。常见文献渠道为：图书期刊报纸档案文献专利文献学位essay研究报告　3、写作提纲　　在正式开始写作essay的时候，需要先拟定一个essay提纲，其中规定essay的主要内容与逻辑，为撰写提供一个阐述问题的思维路径。　　4、正式写作在写作时，如果学校有着相关的格式，需要严格按照格式来进行书写，若是没有的话，可以参考往年eassy或在查找资料时遇到过的essay格式。　　5、编辑与修改　　初稿完成之后，并不是万事大吉了，还需要进行相关的编辑、修改与润色。主要修改方向包括：选题及标题的修改文献材料的补充和删减结构的调整斟酌语言

　　解读美国留学文书之Essay写作，美国是一个非常看重diversity、社会责任感、勇于挑战、团队合作精神、leadership的。它引领着人们的价值观。在学校申请中，录取委员会同样希望看到拥有这些特质的申请人。所以美国院校的essay类型也就分为这几种类型： 　　1、美国留学文书写作Essay：展现社会责任感 　　请描述你曾经在工作中遇到的道德困境，你又是如何解决的? 　　你参加过一些对你理解公益事业非常有帮助的志愿者活动吗? 　　请描述一个社会现象。假设你有权力和资源供你去解决这个现象，你将采取什么样的干预措施或者进行什么样的社会变革? 　　2、美国留学文书写作Essay：展现diversity 　　你能给学校的学术或者专业发展带来什么样贡献? 　　3、美国大学文书Essay写作：展现团队合作精神 　　你认为什么是成功的合作?请描述一次你认为最成功的与他人的合作。 　　请描述一件你跟你的同事观点非常不一致的事情。你们之间的不一致如何影响了你们的工作关系?又如何影响了你们一起在做的工作或项目?又如何影响了你完成这项工作的动机? 　　4、美国大学文书Essay写作：展现Leadership 　　是什么让你成为一个成功的leader?你又有什么样的弱点影响你成为一个成功的leader? 　　5、美国留学文书Essay写作：展现勇敢面对挑战 　　你遇到过什么样的挑战或逆境，你又是如何解决的? 　　你生命中遇到过什么样的事件或有什么样的经历对你影响巨大，塑造了你现在的这种性格?为什么你觉得这件事对你影响深刻? 　　6、美国留学文书Essay写作：长短期目标、择校原因 　　你的短期和长期目标是什么?我们学校的这个项目如何满足你的学习需求，以及帮助你实现你的职业目标? 　　7、Essay写作：英语学习的经历 　　如果你的母语不是英语，请描述你是如何学习英语的。

criticalthinking大多数被翻译为批判性思维,但是这个翻译大多都是错误的.我们要判断它的正误,我们要考虑它的定义.两个核心的思想一个是active一个是presten/careful。再看看别人怎么说的。

英国写essay重点主要有以下6点：成长经历；描述对你影响较大的人；最喜爱的；兴趣爱好；社会事件；申请这所学校的原因。Critical Thinking是英国高校要求每位在读学生必须掌握的思维方式，要求学生在学术中对阅读的材料和信息进行明辨性的思考。这体现在阅读他人作品时运用批判思维；在自己的写作中可以比对各种已有观点和证据，并基于已有论证对自己提出的论点有充足合理的引证和论述。

一) 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…。 （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等。 （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what，s more, what"s worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。 （三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 compared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what"s more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what"s worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what"s more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 希望对你有帮助O(∩_∩)O~in face 事实上

资料来源http://www.answers.com/topic/leadershipLeadership is the ability of a company"s management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action even in difficult situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change also characterize good leaders.Leadership is the process through which an individual tries to influence another individual or a group of individuals to accomplish a goal. Leadership is valued in our culture, especially when it helps to achieve goals that are beneficial to the population, such as the enactment of effective preventive-health policies. An individual with leadership qualities can also improve an organization and the individuals in it, whether it be a teacher who works to get better teaching materials and after-school programs or an employee who develops new ideas and products and influences others to invest in them.Leadership can be exhibited in a variety of ways and circumstances. Mothers and fathers show leadership in raising their children with good values and encouraging them to develop to their potential. Teachers show it in inspiring students to learn and to develop their intellectual capacity. Health care workers can be leaders and develop services that meet the needs of the communities they serve, or work in collaboration with other organizations to create cost-effective, prevention-oriented programs and services.Many studies have been done and many books and articles have been published on this subject. Through this work a consistent set of leadership attributes has emerged. An effective leader does most, if not all, of the following:u2022Challenge the Process—search out challenging opportunities, take risks, and learn from mistakes.u2022Inspire others to come together and agree on a future direction or goal— create a shared vision by thinking about the future, having a strong positive vision, and encouraging others to participate.u2022Help others to act—help others to work together, to cooperate and collaborate by developing shared goals and building trust, and help to make others stronger by encouraging them to develop their skills and talents.u2022Set an example—behave in ways that are consistent with professed values and help others to achieve small gains that keep them motivated, especially when a goal will not be achieved quickly.u2022Encourage others—recognize each individual"s contributions to the success of a project.Another way of defining leadership is to acknowledge what people value in individuals that are recognized as leaders. Most people can think of individuals they consider to be leaders. Research conducted in the 1980s by James Kouzes and Barry Posner found that a majority of people admire, and willingly follow, people who are honest, forward-looking, inspiring, and competentAn individual who would like to develop leadership skills can profit from the knowledge that leadership is not just a set of exceptional skills and attributes possessed by only a few very special people. Rather, leadership is a process and a set of skills that can be learned.Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/leadership#ixzz1Dr9dtTPL

什么是Persuasive Essay？Persuasive Essay就是让你的读者认同你的观点。与Argumentative Essay中的强调事实证据不同，在写Persuasive Essay的时候你不用必须去做调查寻找那些绝对的事实来支撑你的Essay的说服力。你的Persuasive Essay的目的是去用任何方法说服你的读者。即使你用一些感人或者有趣的故事作为例子也是没有问题的。如果你不相信的话，你去看看那些政客们的演讲。基本上他们的演讲中没有几句实话，全都是靠“忽悠”你的“情怀”。当然，在你的Persuasive Essay中包含事实证据作为支持绝对是好办法，但是你完全可以耍些小把戏。你可以尝试让你的读者嚎啕大哭，或者捧腹大笑，亦或是含笑的眼里带着幸福的泪花，只要你能让他相信你说的是真的就行。当我们搞清楚了我们的目的了，那么你的写作就不能没有一个明确的方向。想要让人相信你说的，你必须“润物细无声”。想要达到这个效果，你首先需要一个outline，下面是一个 Persuasive Essay的outline:Introduction首先重要的是你需要找一个你能够支持的Topic。比如说，你要写一个关于动物权益(animal rights)文章。我并不是说我们要写那种老掉牙的“人类不应该伤害动物”之类的文章，而是我们要把人权赋予到我最喜欢的动物身上：Dog。1、写一个Hook句。我们在很多文章中都一再强调，一定要写一个强有力的hook。你的每个introduction段都应该有一个Hook。比如:Dogs are actually smarter than human babies, and even more useful and loyal too. In addition, they will never throw a tantrum. If dogs are such good people, don"t they deserve equal rights?2、锁定你的读者。这一部分就是用一两句话使你的读者迅速意识到他是你锁定的读者中的一员。以我的例子来讲，我在多伦多，那么我就会写一两句涉及本地的内容:For all dogs who have ever been turned away from a hotel, disallowed access to transit, or rejected from a public park, it is time to stand up for your pet"s rights-and your right too!（实际上，多伦多的公交系统允许小猫小狗乘坐，公园也是这样。）3、展现你的Thesis Statement。同其他的Essay一样，在这一步，你清楚的表明你的文章的态度和具体的你所希望你的读者认同的点。和写Argumentative Essay一样，你需要清楚的表明你的立场，而不是模糊两可。比如：The dogs of Toronto deserve the same rights and privileges as granted to our youngest humans, such as the right to visit restaurants, ride buses, walk off-leash, and go to the cinema so long as they are accompanied by a responsible human companion.Body Paragraphs具体写多少个body 段取决于你的文章的要求(比如，你们老师要求写个5段式essay)以及你的Topic（如果Topic比较大，你可能需要多写一些Body段）。在这篇文章里面，我决定写三个body段。你在Body段所给出的原因可以是充满感情的，逻辑上无懈可击的，也可以是与道德相关的—只要你的原始是具有说服性的。另外，你的每个理由都需要有一个事实或者例子做支撑。Body paragraph 1:Reason #1: Portland dogs are as smart as young children and often make for more polite companions.Fact or example 1: Dogs are capable of learning up to 250 words and can easily go with the flow of human interactions.Fact or example 2: Dogs are quieter and less disruptive than the average two-year-old human.Body paragraph 2:Reason #2: Portland dogs should be able to walk leash-free if they are accompanied by their human companions; in most cases, wearign a leash is unnecessary.Fact or example 1: Dogs can be easily trained to walk alongside their human companions without a leash or restraint.Fact or example 2: In a recent survey, 65% of Portland dog owners said that walking a dog on a leash is more of a hassle than walking a dog leash-free.Body paragraph 3:Reason #3: More rights for Portland dogs means more rights for Portland"s dog companions.Fact or example 1: Dog companions will have more choices of places where they can spend time with friends and family without having to leave beloved pets behind.Fact or example 2: Dog companions won"t have to deal with the trouble of hiring a dog-walker while at work or a pet-siter for short weekend getaways.Conclusion到此，我们已经给出了我们的理由以及支撑的事实或例子，那么现在是时候做一个总结了。你的结束段应该包含以下几个要素：1、简要的总结Brief summary。你需要再次提醒你的读者，为什么你的话题对他们是重要的。比如："Dogs all across Toronto are being unfairly denied the basic right to accompany their human accompanions to public places. It"s time for Toronto dog owners to stand up for their furry friends."2、对读者的好处 Benefits to the reader。解释针对你文章提及的问题做出行动对你的读者来说有什么好处。比如："Not only will taking a stand for your canine benefit dogs everywhere, it will also benefit you. Next time you want to take a weekend away, ride the bus to work, or enjoy a matinee, you won"t have to worry about who will take care of your dog while you are away. This issue is about your rights as a dog companion too."3、呼吁行动 A call to action。你希望你的读者做什么？比如："Vote "yes" on Toronto City Ballot initiative 14 this election. It"s time to stand up for the rights of our most loyal friends."如果还是不会的话，你可以去找51 due他们帮忙，他们是专业的！

shen me yi si

I plan to write two essays this week. One is about biology, the other is about chemistry. I plan to take time to write in the evening and review and revise during recess.

《Essays on Art》（Palgrave, Francis Turner）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/15Xk87wD_64yJTUcnOZBGcg 提取码: n5mm书名：Essays on Art作者：Palgrave, Francis Turner页数：358内容简介：This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfectionssuch as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed worksworldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Essays On Art Francis Turner Palgrave Hurd and Houghton, 1867 Art

新东方在线托福频道和论坛有很多高分考生分享的托福复习经验和备考资料，可以去参考一下。同学可以去新东方在线试听一下托福网络课程，全部一线名师授课，针对不同分数要求的学生设有不同班型。而且网络课程时间地点灵活，全部课程都可以免费试听，可以提前了解老师的讲授风格，选择适合自己的课程~同学可以去新东方在线论坛的托福下载专区找找，上面的免费托福资料很全~

Do you learn to write essays by writing bad ones 你学写坏文章来写文章吗？重点词汇释义Do you你愿意吗write写; 写信; 写作; 作曲essays散文( essay的名词复数 ); 文章; 企图writing写作; 文字; 文章; 笔迹; 写信; 写（ write的现在分词）ones一个人，任何人，人们( one的名词复数 );玩笑，笑话

很多同学刚出国留学，因为对国外的教学方式不太熟悉，多多少少都会有担心跟不上这样的顾虑，这时候就想到找辅导机构来帮自己度过这段适应期。同学需要辅导的话可以多选择几家对比一下。

《The Right to Be Lazy》（Paul Lafargue）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EVhwFP16myLIYB-LBdz1vg 提取码: sdqd书名：The Right to Be Lazy作者：Paul Lafargue出版社：AK Press出版年份：2011-9-13页数：128内容简介：At once a masterpiece of critical theory and rip-roaring radical humor, this is one of the most spirited attacks on the notion of the "work ethic" ever to be published! Featuring a revised edition of the original English translation by Charles Hope Kerr, this collection also includes four of Paul Lafargue"s lesser-known critiques (including the "Cathecism for Investors"), as well as a biographical sketch by longtime Wobbly organizer Fred Thompson and a new introduction by Bay Area print activist Bernard Marszalek. Released in collaboration with Kerr Company to celebrate their 125th anniversary year, and including a tribute to Kerr by labor journalist Kari Lydersen.作者简介：Paul Lafargue (1842–1911) was a Cuban-born socialist revolutionary, perhaps most well-known as the charismatic son-in-law of Karl Marx.

《Essays of Schopenhauer》（Schopenhauer, Arthur）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1wSSCCk5DGJY9myySyTyE7Q 提取码: 3vpm书名：Essays of Schopenhauer作者：Schopenhauer, Arthur译者：Dircks, Mrs. Rudolf出版年份：2008-2页数：184内容简介：Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant"s philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the foundation of his influential writings on psychology, aesthetics, ethics, and politics which influenced Friedrich Nietzsche, Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Sigmund Freud and others. He said he was influenced by the Upanishads, Immanuel Kant, and Plato. References to Eastern philosophy and religion appear frequently in his writing. He appreciated the teachings of the Buddha and even called himself a Buddhaist. He said that his philosophy could not have been conceived before these teachings were available. He called himself a Kantian. He formulated a pessimistic philosophy that gained importance and support after the failure of the German and Austrian revolutions of 1848.

《Write Great Essays!》（Peter Levin）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1w8ZMrm1U_fKAX1ghjY177Q 提取码: sus1书名：Write Great Essays!作者：Peter Levin出版社：McGraw Hill Higher Education出版年份：2005-6-1页数：132

《Essays on Life; Art and Science》（Butler, Samuel）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vzGHyq8LK7BkUIuumZhhlg 提取码: 0255书名：Essays on Life; Art and Science作者：Butler, Samuel出版年份：2008-8页数：196内容简介：Samuel Butler (1835-1902) was a British writer strongly influenced by his New Zealand experiences. He is best known for his utopian satire Erewhon; or, Over the Range (1872) and his posthumous novel The Way of All Flesh (1903). He went up to his father"s alma mater, St. John"s College, Cambridge, in 1854. Following graduation from Cambridge, Butler lived in a low-income parish in London. In September 1859 he emigrated to New Zealand. He wrote about his arrival and his life as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station in A First Year in Canterbury Settlement (1863). Erewhon; or, Over the Range revealed Butler"s long interest in Darwin"s theories of biological evolution, and in fact Darwin had, like him, visited New Zealand. His close interest in the art of the Sacri Monti is reflected in Alps and Sanctuaries of Piedmont and the Canton Ticino (1881) and Ex Voto: An Account of the Sacro Monte or New Jerusalem at Varallo-Sesia (1888).

《Studies and Essays》（Galsworthy, John）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/13yC1VQ2bg_m2elwayTfBCA 提取码: w90h书名：Studies and Essays作者：Galsworthy, John页数：136

因为essay这个词结尾不是以一个辅音字母加y结尾的,只有以一个辅音字母加y结尾的单词,才去y变i加es 所以essay得复数是essays

因为essay这个词结尾不是以一个辅音字母加y结尾的,只有以一个辅音字母加y结尾的单词,才去y变i加es所以essay得复数是essays

essays on freedom and power有关自由与权力的文章双语对照例句:1.It gives them a sense of power and freedom. 因为它带给他们一种权力与自由的感觉。2.Lt has given him power and the freedom to speak. 得到权力，也有说话自由。

这个规定不仅给我们国内的申请者造成困惑，对于美国本土学生来说也是很难把握的。到底一篇essay要写多少字?如果超出500字可以吗?下面来看看纽约时报对这一问题的报道，或许能给我们指导。 College Application Essay as Haiku? For Some, 500 Words Aren"t Enough Penn Weinberger had grown attached to his college admissions essay. The topic — coping with a brother"s attention deficit disorder — was important to him. The anecdotes clicked. The characters had dimension(尺寸). The meaning, as his teachers at Hunter College High School had long advised him, was shown, not told. The only problem with Penn"s writing was the math: It was 650 words, outside the 250- to 500-word range re-established by the Common Application this spring — after a four-year experiment with no upper limit — but only now being grappled with as deadlines for early admissions approach next week. “I just had to chop down all the emotion,” Penn said. Unlike other parts of the application, which, in its online version, cuts students off midword if they exceed character limits, the personal statement will not be truncated, raising the question in school corridors: Does 500 really mean 500? In a word, no. In two words, kind of. “If a student uploaded a 500,000-word essay, there"s nothing we could do,” said Rob Killion, executive director of Common Application, which is accepted by more than 400 colleges and universities. “However, we do ask that all students follow the same rules their peers are following.” Mr. Killion said the limit was reinstated after feedback that essays had grown too long. But colleges are not told if essays exceed the limit. Jon Reider, director of college counseling at San Francisco University High School, agreed that concise writing was laudable but said the implication of a strict limit was misleading. “I worry about that kid who"s written 530 and thinks he has to cut 30 words,” he said. “It just puts another stage of anxiety in front of these kids.” Jeffrey Brenzel, dean of undergraduate admissions at Yale, said he did not stop reading if an essay ran long, but “if they go over the limit, the stakes go up.” While Penn"s classmates at Hunter have debated on Facebook whether the limit will be enforced, Duncan Hosie, a senior at San Francisco University High School, has winnowed his essay about democracy and family from 890 words to what he described as “a 500-word haiku.” Michail Paunwar, a senior in Westfield, Ind., excluded the painful hospital scenes about his father"s colon cancer, figuring admissions officers could do without “a sob story.” And a senior in New Jersey, whose first draft topped 700 words, said she decided to fictionalize portions of her piece, merging characters or events. “That really got rid of a lot of words,” she said. Then there is Eva Peter, a classmate of Penn"s at Hunter, who said the final version of her essay about liking sports and science as a girl was “a worse piece of writing” than the 700-plus word original. Characters are intact, but less vivid. The message persists, though less pointedly. “It fulfills the duty of a standard college essay,” she said with a shrug. And, at 497 words, it fulfills the mandate of the Common Application. At 500, so does this article. 天道提示：有问题？天道留学在线专家帮您解决！

《50 CLASSIC ESSAYS:经典随笔50首》（马克u2022吐温）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xd3nRT5pahBMP2cmUQrDLw 提取码: d5xi书名：50 CLASSIC ESSAYS:经典随笔50首作者：马克u2022吐温豆瓣评分：8.9出版社：天津人民出版社出版年份：2013-12-1页数：416内容简介：这本《50 Classic essays：经典随笔50首》按全英文版出版，西方流行口袋本。共收集了马克u2022吐温、伯特兰u2022罗素、弗兰西斯u2022培根、拉尔夫u2022沃尔多u2022爱默生、查尔斯u2022兰姆、詹姆斯u2022艾伦等众多西方文学名家的代表作与经典名篇，全书共50篇。读者可以通过书上指定的网址，通过微盘免费下载配套的英文朗读文件，边听边读，感受地道英语文学之乐趣。对于英语学习者来讲，这是一本优秀的英语文学精读手册。This selection brings together fifty classics non-fictions, written by Henry David Thoreau, William Hazlitt, Francis Bacon, Ralph Waldo Emerson, James Allen, G. K. Chesterton, Charles Lamb, Bertrand Russel, Robert Louis Stevenson, etc,. It"s a treasure trove of fine writing and thought-provoking essays.Spare some of your time reading it each day, you must benefit from the daily accumulation of English learning.

Essay是学生向美国大学展示自我个性与风采的重要申请材料。但是，很多中国学生并不明确如何撰写符合美国大学审查标准的Essay。如何通过Essay的开头，能够让Essay的审查官很清晰明了地看到申请人过去三年的经历与想法，并且有兴趣进一步深入了解这个学生，是很重要的。但是，Essay必须根据学生三年来经历的事实进行撰写，绝不可以凭 空假造。这种Essay的表达，看似容易，其实是很复杂的，因为每个学校的要求并不是整齐划一的，没有一个共同的标准，在挑选国际留学生时每所高校会有自己的偏好。因此，学生在进行Essay写作时，一定要在围绕、突现自身亮点、特质的基础上也要综合考虑所申请大学的“口味”，这样才会让自己在美国名校申请的激烈竞争中脱颖而出。http://www.liuxue315.cn/usa/tiaojian/592.shtml?ozs=43911-2709

十月四日那天，我种了一瓶快速生长瓶，我种的是——薰衣草。第四天薰衣草发了芽，我辛苦的种它，并且一心一意的呵护它，像母亲一样的照顾它，终于有了好的成果。只要一放学回家，我就迫不及待的回家照顾我的薰衣草。哇！才没几天就快速的生长，真让我大开眼界、拍手叫好呢！薰衣草陆陆续续的结花苞，过了几天全都开花了。紫色的薰衣草花就像梦幻的天使般一样漂亮、美丽！妈妈爸爸都夸奖我，说我种的薰衣草既美丽又雅致。它那美丽的身影随着微风摇曳生姿，就像穿着紫色舞衣的芭蕾舞达人一样厉害，非常非常的漂亮！这次种薰衣草真是美不胜收，我下次一定要再种，可以开心一下，又可以看到美丽的花朵，真是一举两得。

One of the more obvious differences between reports and essays is that reports always use sections with headings, and each of these sections has a particular purpose. As you will do in an essay, however, you are also required to analyse, evaluate and produce a line of argument to support your report outcomes.

　　在准备申请材料时，我们需要准备许多东西这其中一个就是essay，它和你的PS，resume一样重要，都是一个媒介，下面一起跟着来学习一些essay的写作技巧吧。 　　美国研究生申请essay有哪些类型 　　1、Essay写作：展现diversity 　　你能给学校的学术或者专业发展带来什么样贡献？ 　　2、Essay写作：展现社会责任感 　　请描述你曾经在工作中遇到的道德困境，你又是如何解决的？ 　　你参加过一些对你理解公益事业非常有帮助的志愿者活动吗？ 　　请描述一个社会现象。假设你有权力和资源供你去解决这个现象，你将采取什么样的干预措施或者进行什么样的社会变革？ 　　3、Essay写作：展现团队合作精神 　　你认为什么是成功的合作？请描述一次你认为最成功的与他人的合作。 　　请描述一件你跟你的同事观点非常不一致的事情。你们之间的不一致如何影响了你们的工作关系？又如何影响了你们一起在做的工作或项目？又如何影响了你完成这项工作的动机？ 　　4、Essay写作：展现Leadership 　　是什么让你成为一个成功的leader？你又有什么样的弱点影响你成为一个成功的leader？ 　　5、Essay写作：展现勇敢面对挑战 　　你遇到过什么样的挑战或逆境，你又是如何解决的？ 　　你生命中遇到过什么样的事件或有什么样的经历对你影响巨大，塑造了你现在的这种性格？为什么你觉得这件事对你影响深刻？ 　　6、Essay写作：长短期目标、择校原因 　　你的短期和长期目标是什么？我们学校的这个项目如何满足你的学习需求，以及帮助你实现你的职业目标？ 　　7、Essay写作：英语学习的经历 　　如果你的母语不是英语，请描述你是如何学习英语的。 　　美国研究生申请essay写作技巧 　　Essay不同于你的分数或者TOEFL及GRE成绩，它会更直观的反应你的个性，它会让录取委员会的老师更好的了解你，包括你的写作水平和技巧。你可以在写Essay的时候，尝试应用以下8个小技巧： 　　01 头脑风暴！我们都知道写文章的时候，开头其实是最难的！所以一定要对自己的研究经历、个性、品质、优缺点等等进行很好的思考，从而产生一个好的思路来开始你的Essay。 　　02 第一稿准备！在考虑好自己想要写的内容之后，可以先根据自己的想法列一个提纲来决定各个部分的内容和例子。开始准备写第一稿的时候，要顺着自己的思路来写，不要想着一次性写好而不敢动手。可以在成稿之后再多修改几次。 　　03 结构扩充！一篇Essay通常是分为三大板块：介绍+主体+结尾；主体部分可以多写几个段落来介绍自己的研究背景和经历。 　　04 要详细！文章要围绕问题集中陈述，选取一个合适的角度来展示和自身品质的相关性。要确保我们写的所有内容都是围绕观点论证的。 　　05 要新角度！根据自己的真实想法，尽可能的寻找新的角度来表达自己的观点。比如你对一个学校的喜爱，可以从他的知名校友对你的影响入手。 　　06 要诚实！不要想着去“讨好”录取委员会的老师们，也不要尝试去写一些你认为的他们想听到的答案。按照自己的想法，如实回答Essay的问题即可。 　　07 要诚实！不要想着去“讨好”录取委员会的老师们，也不要尝试去写一些你认为的他们想听到的答案。按照自己的想法，如实回答Essay的问题即可。 　　08 校对更正并成稿！仔细阅读你的Essay，认真审核拼写失误、打字以及语法错误。最好可以找别人来校对一下，会更容易发现其中的问题。 　　美国研究生申请essay写作关键点 　　1　Essay应该是通俗易懂的 　　经常看到一些Essays细节到行业的术语或者很高深的环节。内容本身的高深没有错，可是文字的高深就不对了。原因很简单，你并不确定都是谁在阅读你的ESSAY，这些人到底有多懂你的行业。隔行如隔山，不能太多的期望别人对于一个新的领域的理解力。 　　2 ESSAY内容为王，你是文章的问题，而不是你做的事儿 　　看题目大家都能理解了，辞藻再华丽，内容虚无缥缈是大忌，小伙伴在抓耳挠腮想尽各种办法考虑表达的时候不妨多思考内容的深度和广度吧，因为学校想看到的是你做了哪些事情，取得了哪些成绩，你的逻辑，你的想法和见解。另外，在表达自己取得成就的同时，切记关注与具体事件，人无论到哪都是主角。 　　3 Show，don"t tell 　　怎么样自我判断一个文章是真正的好文章？可以采用什么样的方法？建议小伙伴在写完后，把文章中所有的形容词和修饰语去掉，单纯的看文章的内容，如果这个时候，你仍然觉得写的有高度，有深度，就是很不错的申请文章。另外，想要提醒的一点是：慎用形容词， because they mean nothing！比如说，She"s very intelligent， 倒不如说She completed the task in one third the time it took people with twice her experience来的好。 　　4 永远不要贬低自己 　　自我贬低就是在自毁前程，但过分高调吹嘘自己也果断不可取，比如，在why MSF时，很常见到的写法就是am not good at ***，或者 I lack insights of ** industry等。这样的表达说明了什么呢？说明你没有足够的great，没有足够的关于对某块知识领域的见解，当然，我们确实是因为有不足，我们才去读硕士或者博士的。可是，用积极的方式，仍然可以达到你想表达你目前歹势的意思。其实很简单，比如说：My work experiences have built a solid foundation for my career goal. However， to achieve my ** goal， I need to ** 就彻底的换了一个视角。建议大家在写完了所有的文章后，在校对的时候查看下是不是每句话都是从积极角度来写的，有没有在文章中出现过自我贬低的句子。

这里的the most 指最多的，是many的最高级，形容词，不是副词，不用来修饰形容词，用来修饰名词essay(s)

essay 是作文的统称，可以写议论文，叙述文，描写东西的文章等等 如果你介绍动物的样子 ，特征等等，请不要有第一人称在里面， 例如 “I think..."如果你写的是 一个和自己有关的故事 比如，你最喜欢的一个宠物，可以用第一人称描述你们的亲密关系等等

美国名校申请essay的写作必须掌握一定的写作技巧才能写出让招生人员心动的文章来，要想写出精彩的申请文书就要先了解一下essay的几个分类。我给大家总结了essay写作常见的几个类型。 　　美国名校申请essay指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长、结构简练的文章，如议论文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。大学申请需要提交的全套申请材料里，申请essay是重要的关键点，很大程度直接或间接地决定学生的申请录取结果，同时也是学生和家长最难把控的申请难点。 　　the Common Application Essays 通用申请文书 (6选1), 附加文书additional essay，此外,不同学校也有不同的补充文书题目supplementary Essays 　　 一. Evaluate a significant experience , achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma you have faced and its impact on you.评述一次重要的经历、成就、冒险或面临的道德困境，及其对你的影响 　　1. “Evaluate” -- Make Sure Your Response is Analytical(分析逻辑性的) 　　2. A "Significant" Experience Can Be Small 　　3. Donu2018t Brag(夸大,吹牛) About an "Achievement" 　　4. An “Ethical Dilemma“(道德两难) Doesnu2018t Need to be Newsworthy(有新闻价值的) 　　5. Reveal(显示,展示) Your Character 　 　二.Discuss some issue of personal , local, national, or international concern and its importance to you.讨论一个你个人、地区、国家或国际事件及其对你的重要性 　　1. Be Sure to "Discuss" 　　2. Focusing Close to Home is Often Better 　　3. Donu2018t Lecture(演讲) Your Audience 　　4. Give Emphasis to "The Importance to You" 　　5. Show Why You"d Be a Good Choice for the College 　 　三. Indicate a person who has had a significant influence on you, and describe that influence.说明一个曾经对你有重要影响的人，并描述他/她对你产生了怎样的影响 　　1. Push the Language in This Option 　　2. Think Twice About Essays on Mom or Dad 　　3. Donu2018t Be Star Struck (追星族) 　　4. Obscure Subject Matter is Fine 　　5. The "Significant Influence" Need Not Be Positive 　　6. You Are Also Writing About Yourself 　 　四. Describe a character in fiction , a historical figure, or a creative work(as in art, music, science, etc.) that has had an influence on you, and explain that influence.描述一个曾经对你产生过重要影响的小说人物、历史人物、或者艺术、音乐、科学等创作性作品。同时描述他/她对你产生了怎样的影响 　　1. Don"t Do Too Much "Describing" 　　2. Keep the Focus on the Word "Explain" 　　3. Watch Out for Predictable(可预见或预知的) Choices 　　4. Be Careful with Fictional(虚构的,小说的) Characters 　　5. Donu2018t Write About Your Favorite Contemporary(当代的) Song 　　6. Approach the Word "Creative" in Broad Terms 　　7. Keep Much of the Focus on You 　　 五. A range of academic interests, personal perspectives, and life experiences adds much to the educational mix. Given your personal background, describe an experience that illustrates what you would bring to the diversity in a college community, or an encounter that demonstrated the importance of diversity to you. 学术兴趣、个人观点、生活经验都能有效增加教育群体多样性。说明你的个人背景，描述一个个人经验，由此说明你能增添大学的多样性，或者说明一个文化多样性的校园对你的重要性 　　1. Diversity Isnu2018t Just About Race(种族) 　　2. Understand Why Colleges Want "Diversity" 　　3. Be Careful Describing Third-World Encounters 　　4. Be Careful Describing Racial Encounters(遭遇) 　　5. Keep Much of the Focus on You 　　六. Topic of your choice.你的自选主题(题目) 　　1. Make Sure Options 1 Through 5 Aren"t Appropriate 　　2. Don"t Try Too Hard To Be Clever 　　3. Make Sure Your Essay Is An Essay (No Poems, Drawings, etc.) 　　4. Reveal Yourself 　　以上就是美国名校申请essay写作常见的六种题材，大家在写作的时候根据自己的生活和学习经历，选择最适合自己发挥的来写申请essay. 　 　

当然有呀 PS是文书是自己学习生活经历的展示和证明 比较口语化 个性化 essay有学术目的 比较专业 倾向于学科研究 完全不一样的

可数

essays随笔；文章

essays的中文意思是指随笔（essay的复数形式），短文，试图，企图。1、Of course。There are weekly assignments，a group project，two essays and the final exam。当然。每周都有作业，还有一个小组课题、两篇作业论文和一堂期末考试。2、He"s editing a book of essays by Isaiah Berlin。他正在编辑一本艾赛亚·伯林的散文集。3、This collection of essays is edited by Ellen Knight。这本散文集是由埃伦u0387奈特编选的。4、This collection of his essays and journalism amply demonstrates his commitment to democracy。他的这部散文和新闻报道集充分地证明了他对民主的奉献。5、This collection is made up of three parts poems， essays and short stories。这本集子是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。

其实理解Plagiarism有哪些形式就好了：1. 逐字引用没有标明或错误标明出处这可能是最常见的Plagiarism的形式，在书籍、期刊、网页等等一切可以分享观点的地方复制粘贴下来，然后放在你的论文中，却有意或者无意地没有写明出处，通俗点说就是Ctrl C+V。举个例子（错误示范，不要学）：Qualitative research refers to a research strategy that usually emphasizes words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data.这一句话乍一看没什么毛病，可是对一定义明显不可能完全是作者本人的观点，所以需要引出他人观点的出处。在原文引用别人作品中的句子或段落时务必要使用引号标注引用，并且标明出处，而例子中的句子显然并没有这样做。因此，这句话便是一处非常典型的 Plagiarism。你需要标明作者和这段文字在原文中的页码，并且在文章最后的Bibliography/References里也要把这个引用信息写清楚。正确的例子是：Bryman (2008, p.366) defines qualitative research as “a research strategy that usually emphasizes words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data”.不过大多数情况下，出现较多的则是对作者某篇文章与观点的概括和综述，这样的情况只要标明作者和年份就好，不对页码有硬性要求。2. 词语的替换与句子结构的改变（Mosaic Plagiarism）转述了别人作品中的某些话，并且将句子中的某些词汇替换成了同义词，但并没有标识这些句子的原始出处，这样的Plagiarism被称为Mosaic Plagiarism，通俗讲就是“找找近义词改改语序改改句子结构就不算抄袭”的文字替换法。这样写出来论文的Similarity一般不会高，但是绝对有可能涉嫌Plagiarism，请相信你们导师有足够的能力一眼看出你的论文是否涉及到Plagiarism。还拿刚刚的那句Qualitative Research的定义举例子（错误示范）：Qualitative research is a type of research that focuses more on analysing information in the conversation rather than quantifying analytical items from the conversation.我们可以看出，这句话对原文进行了简单的词语和句式结构替换，但依然没有改变句子所要表达的核心思想，并且这个核心思想并不是来源于作者本人，而是参考文献的作者，所以如果不标明引用，这句话仍旧是一个典型的Plagiarism。正确的例子为：Qualitative research is a type of research that focus more on analysing information in the conversation rather than quantifying analytical items from the conversation (Bryman, 2008).3. 没有标明“非你所想”的部分这种情况会比较容易出现在Teamwork当中，某一位同学的论文或者报告中可能会涉及到部分内容是通过合作的方式完成的，或者某一份研究成果中有部分内容是在别人的帮助下完成的，但在成文中却没有对这部分合作的内容加以说明。所以，在这样的论文或者汇报当中，如果有分工合作的，就需要详细写明哪些部分是你的，哪些部分是别人的。如果是自己完成，但受到别人较大帮助的，就需要写清受到别人帮助的部分。顺带一提，你导师和Proof-readers（文章校对者）对你文章的帮助并不用特意在论文的内容中提及，只要在文章中的Acknowledgment部分写清楚就可以，不用多次澄清。4. 自我抄袭与一稿多投（Self-Plagiarism）绝对！不可以！把你之前的作业！重复提交给一个新的课程！绝对！不要！调戏！数据库的文章数量！一些同学因为时间紧任务重，可能会把国内写过的作业翻译成英文，当作一次新的作业上交，甚至有的人会将留学期间写的作业重复递交。殊不知，即使都是你自己写的，重新提交也是很严重的Plagiarism哦！英国所有的高等院校在Plagiarism都有着非常严谨的检查措施和非常严厉的处罚方式！曾听说过一个的真实案例便是有一个小伙子因为DDL赶不上，又因为课程A的期末论文和之前做过的课程B的期中论文是一个课题，因此他耍小聪明，将课程B的期中论文上交给课程A的老师作为期末作业。结果出分数的手那个男生这门课程的成绩是0分。他不服气，去学校Argue，校方反馈的理由便是涉嫌Self-Plagiarism，0分没商量。希望对你有帮助，望采纳

Recommendations是推荐信的意思。Recommendations是基于conclusions，并提供possible　solutions，以最快地解决Report中出现的问题。什么时候应该采取什么样的行动，这些都是需要注意的：在完成Report的过程中，recommendations应该包括以下几个方面：1.应采取什么actions,谁应该参与实施2.可以做些什么来实现更好的/更全面的结果3.在实施recommendations的时候，可能遇到什么样的costs和risks4.怎么做才能成为best　solution5.要获得continuous　improvement要做哪些further　research

以文学分析论文为例，撰写文学分析论文之前，同学要仔细阅读文本。文学分析的目标不是简单地解释文本中描述的事件，而是分析写作本身，并在更深的层次上讨论文本是如何发展的。开始写作前，同学可以关注几个关键问题：1、语言选择 　　思考作者使用的语言风格。句子是短而简单还是复杂而富有诗意？哪些单词的选择特别有趣或不寻常？单词是否被形象地用来表示除字面定义以外的其他含义？2、叙述声音 　　思考谁正在讲述这个故事？故事是怎样被讲述的？思考文章时通过思考叙述者的视角。叙述者是全知的（知道关于 所有人物和事件的一切），还是只知道部分？3、文本结构思考文本是如何构成的，以及结构与所讲述的故事之间的关系。思考作者为什么选择用特定的方式来划分文本的不同部分。 　　(1)小说通常分为章节和部分。 　　(2)诗歌分为行、节，有时也分为章。 　　(3)戏剧分为场景和幕。

discuss包含正反两面，一般是让我们去discuss某一个概念或者一种方法所带来的好处和坏处，这种其实是非常直接的，也相对简单一点。但今天要针对比较难的题目来进行说明，如下：Discuss whether a rise in interest rate will cause the inflation rate to fall.利率的上升是否会导致通货膨胀率下降。这道题考的是利率上升和通货膨胀率下降的关系，一方面，利率的上升确实能够导致通货膨胀率下降，另一方面则是这种关系不一定存在。正面解体思路：interest rate increase 如何导致inflation rate decrease；首先我们知道 rise interest rate 是deflationary monetarypolicy aiming to reduce aggregate demand; 再回顾到三大引起inflation的原因，我们就可以推出提高利率是旨在减少demand-pull inflation。详细地展示了interest rate上升导致inflation rate下降的几个路径，那么我们该如何来写反面呢？首先我们来看第一个路径，也就是interest rate 通过改变exchange rate来影响进出口这个路径。interest rate 上升导致exchange rate下降的前提是这个经济体所采用的是floating exchange rate system，所以反面的第一个论点就出来了：whether the exchange rate system is floating。即使在floating exchangerate system下，exchange rate上升，出口真的会下降吗？进口真的会减少吗？这里就需要考虑elasticity这个因素了，于是第二个论点也出来了: whether the demands for exports and imports are elastic or not.分析完第二个路径，我们来看第二个路径，也就是inflation rate rise 通过改变private consumption 来减少aggregate demand 从而减少demand-pull inflation，这时候你就要拆掉private consumption decrease这一招；那什么时候利率上升private consumption不会减少呢，这个取决于consumer 对于prospective economy的confidence，所以第三个论点也出来了。最后一个路径是通过减少investment 来减少aggregate demand，同样我们需要拆掉这一招：利率上升能不能影响investment的数量取决于business confidence，如果investor对于整个economy非常positive，他们可能会在高利率的情况下继续投资；此外，如果目前的利率非常低，比如2%，那么利率提高20%，annual interest rate也才2.4%，影响就不会特别大。所以第四个论点就是：consider business confidence and the current interest rate level. (注意：在这里的investment纯粹指的是producers" investment on capital goods)那以上是整个见招拆招的过程，就是一步一步拆毁整个正面的逻辑，从而形成反面论点。那我们现在来练习一下这种招式，下面是几个比较典型的题目适合这个招式：Q1: discuss whether a country"s current accountis expected to be worsening when there is a high inflation rate.Q2: discuss whether expenditure switchingpolicies can improve a country"s current account situation.

对于美国留学，语言成绩是一部分，文书更是很重要的一点，人家美国人可不是像咱们有了成绩就能进学校，更看重学生本人的背景情况。当时在慧德留学，我记得文书中最麻烦的就是essay，我是申报的商科大学密歇根州立大学（我知道我很优秀啦，低调低调），后期老师是邀我一起去写，学校给出的是两篇要求，题目一个就是商科学校普遍爱问的“如果录取你，能给学校带来的效益是什么？”另一个就是用一个事例考验我的多样性。后期老师说多样性可以从我的爱好特长、事物经历所产生的观点去创作，拽着我说好好地跟着她把两篇essay搞定，真是大大小小修改了好多次，不过最后成稿我读了，的确是写的很好，老师挖掘的点都写进去了，我还是很满意。语言基础外加文书这么稳妥，密歇根州立我来了。

下面给大家提供一篇申请美国哈佛大学商学院mba的ESSAy范文及分析，希望对申请哈佛大学商学院的读者提供帮助。 Harvard Business School Essay:What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? 1. During my third year in college, I set up the first student-run legal aid hotline in my city, offering legal assistance to female migrant workers, many of whom were plagued by domestic violence and unequal treatment in the workplace. Shocked by their situation when doing social work, I came up with the idea of a legal aid hotline. I recruited a team of law students, led the initial fundraising of $1500, and secured time commitment from our professors for legal advice. The hotline started operation two months later. The success of the first case was a huge encouragement. A young girl, who lost her finger in a work accident, was refused compensation by her employer, citing no formal contract. I spent months traveling across the city and going through papers to collect evidence of contractual relationship, and finally won her the deserved compensation. I continued to lead the hotline until my graduation, when it had grown to handle more than 400 calls a year and won funding from several Foundations. Fourth year in operation, it is now part of the largest NGO network in my province. This accomplishment fulfilled my dream of helping the underprivileged. 2. I was the only "amateur" of a seven-girl team that won the gold for women"s gymnastics in the Beijing University Games. After an injury in the team, the coach asked me to join because I was the "best amateur". But I quickly discovered the big gap with a professional. Seeing my teammates easily bend their legs over head or jump with a perfect split, I could barely keep up with their pace. I was extremely nervous to become a drag to the team, and ruin their "golden dream". So were my teammates. I begged the coach for extra intensive training in body flexibility. Everyday I trained two hours more than the team in the midst of heavy law curriculum. I got blisters on both feet and almost injured myself from forcing too hard on a split. The rest of the team gradually changed their attitude towards me and we bonded more closely. Four months later, I could perform as well as anyone else in the team. When we finally won first place, the team threw me in the air. Tears in my eyes, I could see big smile on everyone"s face. Through relentless effort I earned respect from the team and together we achieved the best. 3. In my second year as a consultant, I helped a multinational pharmaceutical company bring affordable medicine to more than one million people in rural China. The project was to find new growth areas for the company. Accustomed to "the usual ways of business", the client initially only focused on large cities. However, my experience told me that "capturing rural China" would not only pose a long-term growth opportunity, but also fill a major gap of medical supply in rural areas. I convinced the client to make "rural growth" a priority. The most challenging part was to design a cost-effective model to serve the vast and dispersed rural market. Having selected thirty representative rural areas, I led a client team across China to interview local distributors, pharmacies and hospitals. Armed with firsthand knowledge, I proposed a model using innovative tools like mobile clinics, makeshift workshops and promotion-on-the-van. We further backed up our ideas with concrete cost-benefit analysis. The CEO was impressed by the "local ways" of selling medicine. He authorized a pilot model in five areas across China. The initial results showed good financial return, but more importantly, brought access to quality medicine for over one million rural people. 点评： Three most substantial accomplishments(三个最重要的成就)是美国哈佛大学商学院mba申请essay最经典的题目，而且已经持续了多年。很多申请人看到这个题目都很头痛。第一，什么样的经历才能算是substantial accomplishment(重要成就)，如何选材成为一个难点;第二，文章限定是600字，那么每个小故事就只有200个字左右的空间来发挥，要求言辞简练精确而精彩。 这篇文章可以成为大多数尝试写HBS essay的申请者学习的范文。首先看作者的选材，3个小故事的选材非常全面：从内容上看，volunteer work(志愿者活动)，extracurricular work(课外活动)和professional work(专业领域)三个方面各取其一。从每个故事反映出来的作者的优秀品质上看：分别从社会责任感、坚忍不拔和创新性思维等多角度塑造出一个完整而优秀的人格形象。从三个故事的排列来看，作者把工作的例子放在最后是很用心的安排。 美国哈佛大学商学院的招生委员会每天读大量申请人的文章，关于工作的例子都大同小异，很难让他们眼前一亮。而于工作无关的事例才是真正能凸显作者的亮点，把新鲜的选材放在首位又能提起读者的兴趣。更重要的是，从整个申请材料的综合来考虑，读者可以看到作者的职业目标是要为中国的欠发达地区建立个人医疗体系，作者巧妙的用这一篇MBA申请essay的三个故事印证了自己要完成这个长远宏大的目标所需要具备的最重要的素质和品质。这样的选材和为整体申请材料服务的安排使得作者成功了一大半。作者的语言功底也不错，文字朴实简练，也是文章的一大优点。

　　Discussion，也是essay写作中最头大的一部分。很多留学生都写不好discussion，那么应该怎么解决这个问题呢？下面就跟小编一起来看看吧！　　（1）首先回应前言最后一句话，也是就是本研究要解决什么问题，讨论第一句首先说有没有解决这个问题。一般情况当然是解决了，没解决就不这么写了。　　（2）接下来分段讨论，如何解决的，从不同角度分析。根据研究设计来。　　（3）然后与前人研究比较本文有何异同。这里可与前言呼应，前言大概提了有哪些论文发表，得出什么样的结论，讨论中就可展开，具体比较研究方法，研究对象等有哪些异同，我们这么做得出这样的结果有什么意义等等。　　（4）最后是结论，本文通过一个怎样的研究得到了什么结论。这里的原则是别人不看全文，直接拉到最后一句能够知道梗概，能够直接拿去引用，可以想想自己要是引用本文会怎么说。　　举例：　　(1)Main message,which answers the question posed in the introduction section and includes the main supporting evidence.回答你在引言中提出的问题，并给出证据。　　Our data support the hypothesis that taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protects against the development of colorectal cancer and suggest that it does so by reducing the prevalence of colorectal adenomas.　　看到这里，读者会想知道你是如何论证的，这时候你正好可以把你的研究的有点和不足列出。　　(2)Critical assessment,that is,opinions on any shortcomings in study design,limitations in methods,flaws in analysis,or validity of assumptions.研究设计中的不足，方法的缺陷，分析的错误，假设的有效性等等。Logan et al.列出一个小标题bias and confounding.　　(3)Comparison with other studies,where inconsistencies are discussed.比较与其他研究的异同。　　从最重要的发现开始讨论，接下来次重要的，以此类推。　　从你最重要发现开始讨论，先说与你研究最接近的，然后是不太一致的，最后是相冲突的。　　始终讨论相同与不同，如果无法解释冲突的结论，可以建议通过设计新的研究来解决这个问题。　　(4)Conclusions,that is,comments on possible biological or clinical implications and suggestions for further research.说明可能的生物学或者临床学意义，指明下一步研究方向。　　几个注意事项：　　1.不要评价结果，只需客观展示即可。　　2.避免声明优先性。首次，第一次，首个等等，这样的话尽量避免。　　3.参考文献不要耍花招。回答来源于HotEssay，原文链接

　　Essay Outline是用于开发框架的正式系统，用于思考essay的组织形式和最终内容。Essay Outline也可以帮助我们预测整体结构和流程。花时间起草Essay Outline可以帮助确定我们的想法是否相互联系，哪种想法顺序最有效，思想上可能存在的差距，或者是否有足够的证据支持每个观点。这也是一种有效的方式来考虑开始写作之前需要完成essay各部分的时间。　　一个好的Essay Outline很重要，因为这将帮助我们在整个写作过程中保持井井有条和专注，并帮助确保最终essay代写中的适当连贯性。二是清晰，详细的Essay Outline可确保始终拥有一些帮助重新调整写作的技巧，如果当我们觉得自己陷入与研究问题无关的主题领域，可以参考Essay Outline为要调查的内容设置边界。三是可以可帮助组织有关某个主题的多个想法，并从多种角度分析大多数研究问题。　　制定Essay Outline的步骤　　粗略的Essay Outline详细描述了essay中的每个主题和子主题，组织了这些要点，以便它们为您得出循证结论提供依据。编写Essay Outline还将帮助您专注于手头的任务，避免不必要的逻辑谬误和欠发达的段落。　　1.确定研究问题。研究问题是Essay Outline的重点。尝试用一个句子或短语来总结essay的要点。这也是决定essay标题的关键。　　2.确定主要类别。Essay Outline将分析哪些要点？先简要描述了所有要点，再对这些要点进行扩展和延伸。　　3.释义。如果essay围绕一个复杂的术语，则定义可能是一个很好的起点。对于涉及特定理论的应用和测试的essay，提供理论基础的一般背景可能是一个不错的起点。　　Essay Outline示例　　以下是一份5-7页essay的Essay Outline，讨论了教育程度与健康之间的联系：　　1.引言　　A.当前问题：在xx国家，受教育率正在下降，而医疗保健费用却在增加。　　B.重点领域：非技术或低技术成年工人　　C.关键词：健康，受过良好教育　　essay陈述：由于收入不足（引用文献）和对抑郁症（引用文献）的普遍敏感性，毕业前高中辍学的学生在以后的生活中存在较高的身体和精神健康问题风险。　　2.背景　　A.历史就业概述：先前的研究表明非熟练工人经常被工会组织起来，并为他们的工作获得适当的报酬（引用文献）。　　B.历史医疗保健概述：先前的研究表明通常向非技术工人提供足够的医疗保健和福利（引用文献）。　　C.教育与就业类型之间的当前联系：受过教育的工人越来越多地从事非技术或低技术工作（引用文献）。　　D.研究突破点：在低技能工作中，很少有文献探讨当前状况对健康的影响。　　3.要点1：就业条件影响工人的身体健康。　　A.次要点1：不熟练的工作环境与工人的伤害高度相关（引用文献）。　　B.次要点2：不熟练的工作环境很少提供医疗保健或足够的伤害恢复时间（引用文献）。　　4.要点2：就业条件影响工人的心理健康。　　A.次要点1：低技能职位的就业与危险的压力水平（引用文献）密切相关。　　B.次要点2：压力与心理健康问题高度相关（引用文献）。　　5.要点3：身体健康和心理健康直接相关。　　A.次要点1：心理健康问题和身体健康问题高度相关（引用文献）。　　B.次要点2：压力以身体形式表现出来（引用文献）　　6.要点4：财务忧虑多的人压力更大，身体健康更差。　　A.次要点1：许多高中辍学生面临财务问题（引用文献）。　　B.次要点2：财务问题通常与不健康的生活方式选择相关，例如不健康的食物选择，过度消费/滥用酒精，抽烟，虐待性关系等（引用文献）。　　7.结论　　A.重述论据：高中辍学的学生将有更高的风险在一生中面临着身心健康问题。　　B.下一步进展：社会需要教育倡导者和教育者需要意识到这种情况并努力留住学生，以促进健康的生活方式并警告学生辍学带来的风险。　　本期介绍了在学术前做好Essay Outline的必要性，做Essay Outline的步骤，以及给出了一个Essay Outline示例供大家参考。

essay是随笔或散文的意思，它的outline要注意从文章的表面内容中挖掘。看到作者的写作意图！

在毕业论文中，最核心的部分就是论点了。因为整篇论文都是围绕论点来展开论述的，你想要让自己的英文论文从本质上提高质量，那么论点的选择是非常重要的哦！论点是一篇论文的中心部分哦，可以用下面三个问题来检验论文的观点：　　1.要提出哪一类的观点？　　2.能具体地加以陈述吗？　　3.导师认为它是最重要的吗？　　当你能回答这三个问题时，你就已经准备好可以开始整理你的论文的其他要素了，从而可以看看自己是否能为观点提供一个良好的支持。如下为留学生总结了英文论文观点的重要性考虑方面。　　一．学会区分观点属类。　　论文写作的观点主要难题是论文所研究的类型，它决定着你用以支持观点的论证的类型。所以，你在汇集论证的要素时，应该要很清楚地表达你要支持的观点是概念性的，还是实际性的。如果你解答的是一个概念性的问题而你想指出它的实际应用，那么，先为概念性问题提出你的论证，然后等到结论时才讨论它的实际应用，提供一些值得读者进一步思考的东西。　　二．站在对立面思考观点正确性。　　学生在完成论文的时候，无法告诉导师如何找到自己的观点或检验它的真实性，除非检验支持论文的论证。当然还有一种方法可以帮助你即你站在导师的角度大致评价你的观点。你可以问自己两个问题：第一，论文的观点明确吗？第二，论文的观点具有重意义吗？特别是对于比较资深级别的导师，你可以从你的观点对所属研究对象的思维撼动程度，来评价论文的重要意义。　　三. 定稿后，记得给论文赋予模糊限制。　　最后，给自己将要上交的论文加上模糊限制会赋予自己的论证一种微妙的差异，当然，如果用太多的模糊限制语，看起来会有胆怯或不够确定的感觉。但在大多数情况下，导师对于表示完全确定的字眼如全部（all）、没有一个(no one)、从不（never）……不会留下好印象，甚至有些导师说他们反对所有的模糊限制用法，但其实他们大多数反对的是对每个锁碎的观点都有限定条件的模糊限制语。所以还是要提醒一下留学生，应该多观察你所属领域的人如何处理不确定性，然后再对文章的一些阐述做一些调整。

THE BILL OF RIGHTS March 4, 1789 Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a re dress of grievances. Amendment II A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particula rly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of l aw; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Amendment VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Amendment VIII Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Amendment X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

在撰写Essay的时候，一般可以分为五个步骤，分别为：1、Essay选题想要撰写一篇essay，首当其冲的便是选题了，一个优秀的题目是非常加分的。但是需要具备相关的专业知识、基本技能、长期大量的阅读相关学术文献。在选题的时候，可以从学术研究的兴趣与学科相关的最新研究动态与热点来进行入手。2、查找资料　在定题之后，需要从各类相关文献中查阅资料，了解足够的相关知识，并将其中与人文社科essay题目相关的信息与知识点进行收集与整理，为eassy写作做准备。常见文献渠道为：图书期刊报纸档案文献专利文献学位essay研究报告　3、写作提纲　　在正式开始写作essay的时候，需要先拟定一个essay提纲，其中规定essay的主要内容与逻辑，为撰写提供一个阐述问题的思维路径。　　4、正式写作在写作时，如果学校有着相关的格式，需要严格按照格式来进行书写，若是没有的话，可以参考往年eassy或在查找资料时遇到过的essay格式。　　5、编辑与修改　　初稿完成之后，并不是万事大吉了，还需要进行相关的编辑、修改与润色。主要修改方向包括：选题及标题的修改文献材料的补充和删减结构的调整斟酌语言

写英国商科Essay的开头可以采用以下三个组成部分:引言、文献回顾和论文陈述。一、引言部分：引言部分的写作目的是想吸引读者的注意力、解释为什么这个主题很重要、传达你的意图、并预测研究结论。范例：What are the potential risks and entrepreneurial factors of business expansion in the international market? This is a broad and complex question that has been widely discussed by scholars and business professionals in recent years. With the rapid development of globalization and the continuous integration of the world"s economy, more and more enterprises are expanding their business overseas to seek new growth opportunities and wider markets. However, with various barriers and risks in different regions, how to build an effective global expansion strategy and overcome obstacles is a critical challenge for these companies. Therefore, this essay aims to investigate the potential risks and opportunities of international business expansion, and provide an in-depth analysis of entrepreneurial factors for successful global expansion.二、文献回顾部分:在商科essay中，文献回顾部分通常是解释了与课题相关的早期和当前的理论、实践和研究，它们是支持你的研究的证据，也是你成就和发现小结的基础。范例:Previous studies have suggested that there are multiple risks associated with international expansion, such as cultural differences, legal and regulatory issues, political instability and high entry barriers. In addition, different market conditions, local consumer preferences and diverse customer needs also pose significant challenges for companies seeking expansion. For instance, foreign companies that fail to adapt their products and services to local cultures and consumer preferences or ignore regulatory requirements are more likely to encounter failures when expanding into new markets. Meanwhile, many successful firms have demonstrated the importance of adopting entrepreneurial strategies, such as innovation, networking, strategic alliances, and flexible strategies to enhance their global competitiveness.三、论文陈述：论文陈述部分是商科essay中的核心内容，它传达了你的研究目的和方法，阐述了你的观点和结论。最好定义论文的实际意义和做出明确的贡献。范例：Based on the literature review, this essay seeks to address the following questions: What are the potential risks involved in international expansion, and how can companies develop effective global expansion strategies to overcome such risks and challenges? To this end, the essay will first examine the key factors that underlie international entrepreneurship, and identify the main risks associated with international business expansion. Next, it will explore the entrepreneurial strategies that can help companies to succeed in the global market, including innovation, networking, strategic alliances, and flexible strategies. Finally, the essay will provide some recommendations to entrepreneurs and managers regarding how to build effective strategies that can help them to achieve success when entering new geographic areas. 希望以上范例可以解答您的问题。

article在语境明确的情况下可以代指一切论文，但通常不包括毕业论文。Essay一般指几千字级别的小论文/课程论文，通常只有文献综述和对文献的批判分析，可以没有独立的数据和实证（即便有也是简化的）。Dissertation在英式英语里指硕士毕业论文。博士毕业论文是Thesis.Dissertation一般是1——2万字级别，通常有独立的研究方法，数据分析等实证内容。Thesis一般是10万字级别，需要更系统的研究方法，田野调查（即fieldwork），数据分析等实证。总的来说，Dissertation和Essay的主要区别在于是否有完整的研究方法和数据分析等实证过程。article是否包括独立数据分析则要根据语境，比如会议上发表的article和杂志上发表的article也可以含有研究方法和数据分析，而一些课程作业的paper则可以没有。顺便一提，英文的字数通常相当于中文的两倍以上。所以写1万字以上的英文论文实属不易。（比如一个a,翻译成中文就是两个字 “一个”，indispensable在英文里算一个词，在中文就是“必不可少的”五个字=。=）

海外留学生英文写作指导EssayMIN为您解答：Article用于一般的文章，形式、题材、字数不限；Essay属于专业性比较强的论文。

essay偏重于论文。article为一般所有文章。

　　在essay中，连接词是提高essay内容连贯性和一致性必不可少的工具。如果缺少了连接词，essay中论点与观点、句子与句子之间的关系也会变得不清晰。接下来就让小编介绍些essay写作中常用的连接词和它们的用法。　　连接词类型　　连接词根据前后文关系可以分为顺序连接词、逻辑连接词、转折连接词、层次连接词等，我们来为大家介绍下这些类型的连接词。　　顺序连接词　　顺序连接词是essay写作中最常见的一种连接词。essay中经常会使用到顺序连接词来为论点排序。最常见的就是Firstly,secondly,(etc.)。此外，essay中比较常见的还有in the first place,first of all,to begin with,in the second place,next,then,after,before,in the end,last of all,finally等，这些连接词一般都用在段落或句子开头，承接上文，引出后文。　　如：　　First of all,I"d like to talk about the benefits of the pets.　　Then,I will show you which kind of pets are good to keep.　　这两句句子前的顺序连接词First of all和Then，分别是首先、接着的意思，表达养宠物这个内容的深入和延续。　　逻辑连接词　　逻辑连接词常被用来连接两个短句，形成一个复杂的长句。逻辑连接词连接的两个短句往往有着一定的逻辑关系，例如因果关系、条件关系等，连接词具体连接因果或条件，还需要根据连接词的意义并结合上下文才能确定。常见的表逻辑关系的连接词有if,only if,when,whenever,unless等。　　如：If I am bored,I will go to the amusement park.　　Unless I"m mistaken,Jack"s house is the third on the right.　　这两句的逻辑连接词分别是if和unless，分别可以译为“如果”和“除非”，连接条件，组成条件关系。　　转折连接词　　转折连接词即该连接词连接的短语或句子呈转折或对立关系，并且往往强调转折后的内容。转折连接词在essay写作中出现频率很高，在论点变化时经常会使用。常见的转折连接词有：In comparison,however,but,on the other hand,alternatively,instead,in contrast,on the contrary,in fact,in comparison,despite,in spite of,nevertheless,for all that,yet,likewise,conversely等。　　这其中In spite of,Despite,In contrast to,Contrary to等常连接两个对立的论点，后接名词性短语。However,Nevertheless,Yet,On the contrary,In contrast等常用来连接和前文对立的新观点，需要使用逗号。　　例如：　　I was in so much pain.Nevertheless,I went to basketball practice as usual.　　Contrary to the strange food,England holds many good restaurants.　　短语连接词　　短语连接词其实就是指是短语的连接词。连接词可以是一个单词，有时也会是短语。短语连接词数量和单词连接词相比有很多，在使用时要注意不同短语在不同句子中的使用方法。　　表时间的短语连接词有：after a while,at once,at this moment,at this point,before that,in the end,later on,on another occasion,until then等。　　表转折的短语连接词有：by contrast,differs from,even so,in contrast,in fact,in other respects,in spite of this,in that respect,on the contrary,on the other hand等。　　表因果关系的短语连接词有：all the same,an effect of,an outcome of,an upshot of,as a consequence of,as a result of,caused by,despite this,even though,under the circumstances等。　　表示时间的连接词　　essay中表示时间的连接词主要有：before,now,when,next,then,soon,afterward,a minute later,later,last,at last,finally,presently,thereafter,subsequently,lastly,after a short time,in the meantime,meanwhile,ultimately,the next week(month,day,etc.),on the following day等。这些连接词往往表示某一具体时间点，或时间段。　　例如：He could play the piano before he was eight.　　Mike started to walk home,one minute later he sees an accident.　　高级连接词　　高级连接词是相对essay写作中的基础连接词而言的，基础连接词结构简单、较为常见、使用频率高，如and,so,then等。高级连接词结构复杂，使用频率相对较低，但是在essay中出现高级连接词是一种很“拉风”的行为，essay中合理使用高级连接词能表明作者词汇量丰富，思路清晰、写作技巧成熟。　　essay中比较常见的高级连接词有：in addition,moreover,furthermore,as well as,consequently,subsequently,therefore,hence,ergo,although,however,whereas,nonetheless,nevertheless,notwithstanding,on the other hand等。　　在essay中想要使用高级连接词时有个窍门，可以将同义的低级连接词换成高级连接词，比如将but换成however，so换成therefore，不过在替换时要注意语法和内容的准确性。　　如这句话：Technology has enhanced our living quality.So we need to keep researching.　　将so替换成高级连接词Therefore，句子就变成：　　Technology has enhanced our living quality.Therefore,we need to keep researching.　　这样句子看起来就比前一句就“高级”一些了。　　演讲稿PPT常用连接词　　在essay写作的过程中，免不了会遇到些需要表达的时候，例如开题报告展示、答辩等。这类时候经常需要演讲稿、PPT并结合口头表述进行呈现。在这类时候，也需要使用到一些连接词，但是不需要像书面写作这么严谨，使用些简单、口语化的连接词衔接前后文即可。　　例如在介绍主要观点的时候，可以用A major concern is,The crux of the matter,Fundamentally,The central problem is that,A basic point was,A significant issue has been等。　　在强调某个观点的时候，可以用That is to say,So now what we have is,The point I am making is,Let me put that another way,In other words,As I have been saying等。　　介绍另一观点的时候，可以用Now let"s consider,I"d like to move on to/look at,If I could now turn to,My next point is,Now what about,Let me move on to等。　　需要举例的时候，可以用Let me illustrate this by,Take the case of,This is illustrated by,This is demonstrated by,An example of this is等。　　演讲快结束、总结陈词的时候，可以用To sum up,Therefore,In conclusion,As a result,To recapitulate,To conclude,In summary等。　　万能连接词大全　　所谓的万能连接词，主要还是指一些在不同情况中都能使用的连接词。　　常见的万能连接词有after,since,when,while,but,however,although,and,if等。这些连接词可以在不同的内容中连接不同的含义。　　例如if，我们现来为大家举些例子：　　If he has any merit,it is his German.　　If Dad could see me now,I will be very happy.　　He wondered if I knew Chinese.　　这三句话中，if连接的部分分别属于转折、条件、假设关系，可见if是一个很实用的连接词。　　当然，这些万能连接词的使用也要根据上下文意思和语法的准确度来酌情使用，不能因为“万能”就随便使用。　　段落开头连接词　　在段落开头适当添加连接词能更好地体现essay的整体性和逻辑性，也能提醒读者注意essay中的要点，对essay的记忆更加深刻。常见的段落开头连接词有：besides,in addition to,having…,not only…but also…,although,while,even though,despite等，此外也可以使用些次序性的连接词，如first,second(etc.),meanwhile,subsequently,to conclude,finally等。　　举例来说，假设我们刚刚写完一段essay，这段内容的大意是：Technology has enhanced our living quality.那么下一段开头，我们就可以这样写：Meanwhile,technology has enriched our knowledge.也可以这么写：Whiletechnology has a lot of merits,it also brings a lot of damage.段落开头添加了连接词之后，essay内容能更加通顺，段落与段落间的逻辑性也能更加严密。　　结尾连接词　　结尾连接词通常出现在essay结尾处，用于总结essay，重申观点。　　常见的结尾连接词有：finally,in summary,to repeat,to sum up,briefly,in short,on the whole,therefore,in conclusion,as noted above,as you can see,undoubtedly,unquestionably,in any event,in other words,obviously,as I have said,without question,to be sure,without a doubt,in any case等。　　例如：In conclusion,technology has changed our life.　　以上就是小编为大家介绍的英语essay写作中会使用到的不同类型的连接词，大家可以在自己的Essay里多多使用哦。

　　我为大家介绍商学院留学Essay英文范文，希望对出国留学的同学有所帮助。想了解更多留学精彩内容，为你详细解答。 　　Please give a brief evaluation of yourself as a leader. 　　Becoming a leader in the business world has been my goal since high school. In order to succeed at any goal, one must first find a path to reach the goal, and then embark on that path. My path to becoming a leader began in high school. While studying in high school, I demonstrated great dedication, a trait necessary for a leader. I mastered several different disciplines. I passed Advanced Placement tests in Art History, Chemistry and Physics, and graduated in the top 5% of my class. I also had the opportunity to exercise actual leadership skills as President of both the Science Club and the Business Club. 　　At the State University of California at Los Angeles, I continued to serve leadership positions while remaining committed to my studies. I won first place in the Phi Beta Lambda 31st State Leadership Conference in Management and Information Management. Although I worked 36 hours a week at two part-time jobs, in addition to participating in this conference, I as able to maintain my grades. I joined the General Education Honors Program. Upon entering the working world, I found that the value of leadership is priceless. The climate has changed drastically, from a cooperative, serene learning environment to a place where only the fittest survive. Luckily, my leadership training from high school and college has paid off. I was quickly promoted from purchasing agent to procurement supervisor. 　　As a further step in becoming a business leader, I recently accepted an offer from Rain Bird to be a buyer/planner. In this role, I am in total control of two product lines that make about $15 million in sales each year. Although I have learned new ways to manage labor and products, in this new position I have finally found my leadership qualities to be inadequate. I need to discover how engineering changes, climate changes, and marketing promotions of Rain Bird and its competitors affect my product lines. I want to learn how information systems enhance and ease business transactions, and how to be more productive and efficient in this global economy. After consulting several fellow co-workers who have studied in UCLA"s FEMBA Program, I think studying there would help me continue on my path of success. 　　What do you consider to be your most important personal and professional accomplishments? 　　I have made my most important personal and professional accomplishments as a member of APICS, the Educational Society for Resource Management. A co-worker introduced me to this organization. At first, I was reluctant to join because I thought, "I already have a degree in operations management; why do I need to join an association in which I would learn nothing new?" As time went on I found out more and more about this prestigious organization and gradually discovered that by contributing to it I could improve my managing abilities. I quickly became certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM). After about a year, I was appointed director of the San Gabriel Valley Chapter of APICS, which is the most cherished accomplishment I have to date. 　　Running a chapter is like running a small business. There is a national body, like a government, which establishes by laws and rules to which we have to adhere. We have to market ourselves, capture customers(members) and make them happy by offering our products and services. We book classrooms and sponsor workshops on different aspects of manufacturing for members and non-members. Every month we have a joint meeting with the Anaheim chapter which features a renowned speaker. We also create and publish a newsletter every month to update our members about APICS and the latest manufacturing trends. Sometimes we solicit companies in the San Gabriel Valley about the possibility of offering APICS classes onsite. The greatest challenge in directing an APICS chapter is in financing all of the chapters activities. 　　The most valuable benefit I have gained from being an APICS director has been the ties I have developed with fellow directors and members. In APICS, I continually meet new colleagues. They come from large and small companies, and in positions from receiving clerks to vice presidents. We all meet to discuss the latest trends in manufacturing and job opportunities around the area. By learning from each other, we can improve our companies" bottom lines. As an APICS director, I have learned a lot about marketing and finance. I would not have been able to gain such valuable knowledge without hands-on experience.The entrepreneurial abilities I have developed in this position will prove useful as I move further along my path to business success. 　　Why have you decided to enter the Fully Employed MBA Program? Why is this the appropriate time for you to begin? 　　There are many reasons why I believe this is the perfect time for me to start the Fully Employed MBA Program at UCLA. With regard to gaining knowledge, I have been learning continuously since high school. During high school summer breaks, I took SAT workshops, and in college, I took classes even in summer quarters. When I graduated and started working, I studied to become CPIM- certified for APICS. Starting the MBA program now is the next most logical step in my career. 　　In terms of career advancements, I am also pushing myself to the limit. I was quickly promoted to a supervisory level at Rain Bird and to a directing position at APICS. I want to keep my pace on this fast career track. Starting the MBA program now will surely open doors to upper management positions within Rain Bird. With regard to personal goals, I have wanted to go to UCLA since high school. I got accepted by the undergraduate school but financial difficulties forced me to choose a state university. Getting my MBA at UCLA will be a childhood dream coming true. Last but not least in making this the ideal time for me to pursue an MBA is the great support from people around me. My wife believes getting an MBA will improve the quality of our lives; my parents think that with an MBA I can be an exemplary model for my brother and sister; co-workers that are already in the FEMBA program told me the program is excellent and the experience worthwhile; and my plant manager, who is a FEMBA alumna, told me it was the best two and a half years she ever spent in school. With my high expectations and support from others, I am confident that I can succeed at UCLA. I am ready to start the FEMBA program this fall.

Narrative essay If you ask me to share my best experience during my university, I will first tell you this experience that I acted as a “manager” in a cafe during my second summer holiday at university. Another busy exam week had gone, and the following was the anticipated summer vacation. I put my summer holiday task aside and gave myself some time to relax at first. One afternoon after it rained, I leisurely walked along peaceful alameda and enjoyed the beautiful time of holiday. Unconsciously, I was attracted by a cafe decorated in an ancient style. So I couldnu2019t help walking toward the cabin. Entering the unique cafe, I really love this place. Away from busy study life and noisy the center of city, it was pretty fine to stay at the quiet and graceful cabin. Half an hour later, I knew that the cafe only had one employee, namely the boss who was a elegant lady and she was meaning to employ summer worker to help her run the cafe temporarily. Not surprisingly, I introduced myself and promised I could work the next day. Time went smoothly, and I had worked at this place for two weeks. Every day I enjoyed my job till closing time. My boss considered me as her friend and told me her experience in her free time. One morning, when I engaged in cleaning, with solemn face she came up to me, gave some money to me and said, “the money is your salary for these days. I had something to resolve and have to leave for several days.”However, before I disappointedly said I would depart this afternoon, she added, “Would you help me run this cafe during the following days? I know you have some homework to do, but I canu2019t find more proper person to help me currently. I would give you double wages whether it is profitable or not.” I secretly smiled and said, “Of course, I could. But the reward should be the original level. I would try my best to keep the previous level of profit. Thanks for your trust!”Meanwhile, I remembered my holiday task ----hand in a practice report related to my major, business management. I could make full use of this chance through truly running the cafe and probe the way of management to put what I had learned from books into practice. According to my knowledge and experience from my boss, I acted as a manager during her absent days. Not letting her down, I kept the original profit level. At that summer, I gained more. What I learned from running cafe made me deeply understand the contents of my major, as well as friendship and trust.

narrative essay和descriptive essay的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、narrative essay：记叙文。2、descriptive essay：描写散文。二、语法不同1、narrative essay：15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的narratif；最初源自晚期拉丁语的narrativus，意为与叙事有关的。2、descriptive essay：serving to describe or inform or characterized by description用于描述、告知或以描述为特征。三、侧重点不同1、narrative essay：以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主。2、descriptive essay：抒发作者真情实感、写作方式灵活的记叙类文学体裁。

narrative essay和descriptive essay的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、narrative essay：记叙文。2、descriptive essay：描写散文。二、语法不同1、narrative essay：15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的narratif；最初源自晚期拉丁语的narrativus，意为与叙事有关的。2、descriptive essay：serving to describe or inform or characterized by description用于描述、告知或以描述为特征。三、侧重点不同1、narrative essay：以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主。2、descriptive essay：抒发作者真情实感、写作方式灵活的记叙类文学体裁。

narrative essay和descriptive essay的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、narrative essay：记叙文。2、descriptive essay：描写散文。二、语法不同1、narrative essay：15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的narratif；最初源自晚期拉丁语的narrativus，意为与叙事有关的。2、descriptive essay：serving to describe or inform or characterized by description用于描述、告知或以描述为特征。三、侧重点不同1、narrative essay：以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主。2、descriptive essay：抒发作者真情实感、写作方式灵活的记叙类文学体裁。

narrative essay和descriptive essay的区别为：指代不同、语法不同、侧重点不同。一、指代不同1、narrative essay：记叙文。2、descriptive essay：描写散文。二、语法不同1、narrative essay：15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的narratif；最初源自晚期拉丁语的narrativus，意为与叙事有关的。2、descriptive essay：serving to describe or inform or characterized by description用于描述、告知或以描述为特征。三、侧重点不同1、narrative essay：以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主。2、descriptive essay：抒发作者真情实感、写作方式灵活的记叙类文学体裁。

在文章风格上没有什么区别，都是就某一 topic 或某几个 topics 展开议论。personal statement / statement of purpose 也是以同样的格式和要求来写。你可用你写好的 ps，加上 另一学校的 essay 要求的 family 部分就好。

narrative essay也就是narration记叙文。记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。记叙文的六要素： 人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果。

Narrative Essay记叙文给读者讲述了一个故事，一篇好的记叙文可能会使读者仿佛通过作者的眼睛看到或感受到故事的发生。因此，这种写作的最典型特征如下：1.通常，它是从一个特定的角度来讲述，这个角度在当局者和旁观者之间发生变化，比如读书报告也是记叙文。记叙文通常都采用第一人称。2.它不仅仅是讲述一个故事，它应该是有目的去写，提出观点并且举例验证它。3.使用直接引语也是恰当的。4.简而言之，它的结构相似于小说的结构：它有情节、冲突和人物刻画，利用细节和描述吸引读者的眼球。简单来说，Narrative Essay记叙文与大多数的学术文献有本质区别。他们关心的是“what”，而不是“why”。当老师要求你写一篇读书报告或者让你描述一下你在大学的第一天时，他或她不期望你写什么你对于教育系统的观点。Narrative Essay记叙文是有事实依据的——通常预先假定的事情都是已知的，而记叙文基于实际发生的事情讲述的，因此排除所有其他类型的文章。这就是它最关注的中心。此外，来看看一些典型的Narrative Essay记叙文的主题：1.你最难忘的成功或失败——Your most memorable success or failure.2.你做过的一件好事或坏事——A good or bad thing you did.3.在你意识到某些事情的一瞬间——A moment when you realized something.4.改变你生活的一件事——An event that made you change your life.5.童年最难忘的一件事——A memorable event from your childhood.身边的任何事都能写出一篇Narrative Essay，当然，必须是有意义的事情。写Narrative Essay最关键的是学会品味生活的细微与寻常之处。