总结的英文单词是什么

在初中英语是最重要的科目,所以我们应该学好它。学习英语就像学习其他语言,是一项艰苦的工作,所以我们每一天在他身上要用大量的时间。我们应该有好的学习英语的方法,如听老师讲课,定期回顾学到的东西,准备每节课上课前,仔细认真做功课,复制好句子和朗诵诗歌,参加英语演讲比赛中debbates和。更重要的是,它是非常有益的,以收听英语节目和阅读英文杂志和书。当我们犯错误,改正一次。不要害羞请求别人的帮助,当我们有困难。我相信“熟能生巧”。我相信如果我们努力学习,我们会学好英语。

英语作文 篇1 　　1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world. 　　在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 　　同样句型包括： 　　It is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth. 　　例句：It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone. 与第一次见面的人握手是非常必要的。 　　2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make. 　　你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 　　①The+比较级..., the+比较级... 　　②比较级+and+比较级(The world is getting smaller and smaller.) 　　3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 　　如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。 　　类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can… 　　4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday. 　　记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。 　　5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic. 　　我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。 　　6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful. 　　人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。 　　7. I had a great first impression of American people. 　　我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。 　　8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem. 　　我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。 　　9. With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a 　　necessary part of our daily life and work. 　　随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。 　　10. You should read as many books as you possibly can. 　　大家应该尽可能的多读书。 　　11. China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy. 　　由于实施了改革开放政策，中国变得更加繁荣了。 　　12. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need 　　green places to enjoy. 　　我们都需要呼吸清新的空气，我们都需要饮用洁净的水，我们都需要绿地来享受。 　　13. Let"s work together to make our world a better place. 　　让我们一起努力把世界变得更加美好。 　　14. We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things. 　　我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。 　　15. We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely. 　　我们应该养成一个好习惯，明智地利用时间。 　　16. What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month? 　　我的确想知道的是，他是否会在下个月出国。 　　17. Television is harmful to developing minds. 　　电视不利于开发心智。 　　18. Children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized 　　孩子们都有很大的潜能，而父母却没有意识到这一点。 　　19. In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school. 　　在过去的10年里，我们学校发生了巨大的`变化。 　　20. People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier. 　　那些花更多时间和家人在一起的人通常会更健康更幸福。 　　21. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way. 　　这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。 　　①直接使用：so… that… 　　例句：The job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that I almost quit half way. 　　这份工作太累、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我差点半途而废。 　　高级句型挑战： 　　The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way. 　　这份工作太辛苦、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我非常累，差点半途而废。 　　②能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有： (Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…) 英语作文 篇2 　　The Brain and the Computer 　　Some recent developments in computer industry make scientists predict that the gap between human beings and the machine will be closed by the year 20000. 　　To understand the significance of this prediction, let us compare the human brain with existing computers. The brain consumes electrical energy at the rate of 25 watts and occupies volume of one tenth of a cubic foot. The brain houses between 10 billion and 100 billion items of information. Every brain cell is directly connected to many other cells. As a result, the cells in which information is stored can communicate with thousands of other cells. Incontrast,jhe^computer^consu;mes_1000,000wwattsofelectricaLpower^and occupieshundredsofcubicJ:eeLofspace.^rhe^computermemoryjisJlike^acell ofpigeonholes^withnojhinking^capacityandnoconnectionselsewhere. 　　In a word, thejel^ctronicbrainsjcanjhopelesslysucceedJinjcomgarison with the human brains. 英语作文 篇3 　　It has been a controversial topic whether abortionshould be legalized or not for a long time. It has caused many debates in manycountries around the world. Now, in some countries, abortion is legalized, butin some countries, if you have an abortion, you will be punished by the law. Inmy opinion, I think abortion should not be legalized. It should be banned,which is beneficial for the health of women and the development of theteenagers. 　　In many debates about the problem, people will talkabout the human rights. The pro-choice groups may argue that women have theright of freedom and women have the right to chose whether or not to give birthto the child. We have no right to ask women to keep the foetus in their ed, women are free to choose, but, the foetus also have the right of you had abortions, you deprived their right of life. Why don"t we protectthe right of the foetus? 　　Besides, some of the pro-choice groups may argue thatmost of women who choose to have abortions are too young to take theresponsibility for bringing up the child. If they give birth to the child,their future life may be unhappy. So, will their futures not be affected ifthey have abortions? No one is sure about the answer. I think that they maythink they have no mistakes. Then, they will have abortion boldly and they willnot restrict their actions. More teenagers may have sexual behaviour in of these will affect their futures. 　　Therefore, I think that abortion should be tly, abortion is harmful to women"s body and psyche. Sometimes, abortionmay cause some gynecological diseases, and which may affect their whole over, if girls have several abortions, their fertility will be may not be pregnant when they want to have children. Besides, the abortionactually is to kill the foetus. So this may make some mental shadows in theirmind. Some women may have psychological problems because of it. 　　Secondly, it is not conducive to the development ofthe teenagers and young people. If abortion is legal, the teenagers will notafraid of being pregnant, and then they may not restrict their sexualbehaviours. Thus, the teenagers and the young people will develop some badhabits of life. Some may be self-indulgent. Moreover, if they can have abortionarbitrarily, they may not realize that they should take responsibility fortheir behaviour. All of these will affect their development and futures. 　　All in all, the abortion is immoral and is harmful towomen in body and psyche. Moreover, it may have bad influence on the efore, we should not support the abortion. The abortion should be behaviour of the young people should be restricted. Thus, we can provide abetter social environment for the teenagers and they can have good futures. 英语作文 篇4 　　In the past in America, children were valuable workers. For example, they helped on the arm or in the family business in order to bring in money. Just a couple of generations later, attitudes have changed. Now children are hardly expected to work at all. Modern children often don"t even do chores. This is sad, because I think that they are missing something if they don"t help out at home. Sharing in household tasks benefits children of all ages. 　　First of all, household tasks build skills. Very young children learn motor skills and classification skills when they pick up their toys and put them away. Talking about how to do things helps them learn to analyze situations. Older children learn skills they"ll need as an adult. Cleaning and cooking may seem dull, but knowing how to do them well makes life a lot easier. How many young adults leave for college unable to do their own laundry or cook anything besides a frozen microwave dinner? It"s amazingly common. 　　When everyone in a family helps out, the family is happier. Nowadays it"s common for both parents to work . when they come home, they have more work to do. Life is stressful and there"s no time for fun. By sharing household tasks, everyone gains. Children can help their parents with simple tasks such as picking up their own rooms, putting away their own laundry, starting dinner occasionally, or taking care of younger siblings. Then the family can relax together, and parent won"t feel like servants to their “couch potato” offspring. 　　The most important thing children learn from helping with household tasks is responsibility. Handling everyday tasks teaches organization and time management skills. Children learn that chores have to be completed before they can play, or before they get their allowances. Children who understand that effort pays off will be more successful later in life. 　　Kids should not work all the time. A happy life needs balance. But if they can successfully handle tasks at home, they will handle life better too. They will know the satisfaction of doing a good job, be involved in family life, and become more confident and responsible adults. 英语作文 篇5 　　How quickly time has flown by! My summer holiday is over。 　　Our school is much more beautiful than before。 The grass in front of the office building is so green。 The river beside it is so clean and the trees around it are so tall。 Our classroom building has changed a lot。 It has become higher and more new than last term。 　　I come into our classroom。 The windows are very new and clean。 My classmates and I are interested in the new things in the classroom。 　　We have come into the third year。 We are a little nervous。 We"re very busy today。 We have three new teachers。 We all like them。 Today just as usual， we have been busy doing everything， but I like life like this。 Busy days can make me happy and excited。 　　This is my first day of school。 It is busy but interesting。 I like my classroom， my school and I like my first day。 英语作文 篇6 　　Americans like to go out by car. Although more and more Chinese own cars, most Chinese still like to ride bicycles. This is determined by a lot of factors. 　　As we all know, the bike advances slowly by manpower, but it can be placed where it is comvenient. However, as for the car, although it can run fast by engine, it must be parked at parking lots. 　　Most Americans live in the suburb which is Far fi"om urban areas and their working places. So they need cars to go shopping and go to work. And they also like traveling far. Thus a car brings them great convenience. On the contrary, most Chinese live near their working area and markets. They don" t need a car to go to work or go shopping. 　　I would like to ride a bike,because it costs little and is easy to use and because a bike won" t cause pollution, which is most important. 　　翻译： 　　美国人喜欢乘汽车外出。虽然越来越多的中国人拥有汽车，但大多数中国人仍然喜欢骑自行车。这是由很多因素决定的。 　　众所周知，自行车靠人力进展缓慢，但它可以放在方便的地方。然而，至于汽车，虽然它能用发动机快速运转，但它必须停在停车场。 　　大多数美国人生活在郊区，远离市区及工作地点。所以他们需要汽车来购物、去工作。并且他们也喜欢驾车远行。因此汽车给他们带来了极大的方便。相反，大多数中国人居住在工作区和市场附近。他们不需要开车去上班或购物。 　　我想骑自行车，因为它的成本低，易于使用，因为自行车不会造成污染，这是最重要的。 英语作文 篇7 　　This is my grandfather"s farm. It is big and beautiful. There are many animals, vegetables and fruit on the farm. 　　Look! There are pigs, rabbits, chickens, ducks and cows. They are happy. My favourite animals on the farm are rabbits. They are very cute. They have two big red eyes and short tails. They likes carrots. I often feed carrots to them. Sometimes, I play with them after doing my homework. I also like running with them. 　　In autumn, there are a lot of fruit on the fruit trees. I often pick fresh fruit with my brother. We both like eating juicy fruit. 　　I can see many vegetables in different seasonson the farm. These vegetables are very sweet. My grandfather picks and prepares vegetables for us and my grandmother cooks for us. 　　This farm is great. I love this farm. 英语作文 篇8 　　he Double Seventh Festival， on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month， is a traditional festival full of romance. It often goes into August in the Gregorian calendar. 　　This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens. At night when the sky is dotted with stars， and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it is a bright star， which see each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid， and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation. 　　Long， long ago， there was an honest and kind-hearted fellow named Niu Lang (Cowhand)。 His parents died when he was a child. Later he was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law. So he lived by himself herding cattle and farming. One day， a fairy from heaven Zhi Nu (Weaver Maid) fell in love with him and came down secretly to earth and married him. The cowhand farmed in the field and the Weaver Maid wove at home. They lived a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl. Unfortunately， the God of Heaven soon found out the fact and ordered the Queen Mother of the Western Heavens to bring the Weaver Maid back. 　　With the help of celestial cattle， the Cowhand flew to heaven with his son and daughter. At the time when he was about to catch up with his wife， the Queen Mother took off one of her gold hairpins and made a stroke. One billowy river appeared in front of the Cowhand. The Cowhand and Weaver Maid were separated on the two banks forever and could only feel their tears.

开头：Whenitcomesto...,somethink...说到...，有些人认为...Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...有市民说，今天的辩论...Aisacommenwayof...,butisitawiseone?A是常见的方式...，但它是明智的呢？Recentalytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.Recentaly的问题已经突出。提出观点：Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat...现在人们越来越认识到，...Itistimeweexplorethetruthof...现在是我们探索真理的...Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible.任何地方在历史上的问题更加明显。进一步提出观点：...butthatisonlypartofthehistory....但是，这只是部分的历史。...However,thisisonlypartofourhistory.另一个同样重要的方面是...Anotherequallyimportantaspectis...此外，其他原因是...AYes,buttherearealotofimpact.Anotherreasonisthat...A是，但有很多的影响。另一个原因是...提出假想例子的方式：Supposethat...假设...Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif...试想一下，将是什么样，如果...Itisreasonabletoexpect...这是合理的期望...Itisnotsurprisingthat...这并不奇怪...举普通例子：Forexample(instance),......suchasA,B,Candsoon(soforth)Agoodcaseinpointis...Aparticularexampleforthisis...引用：Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...最伟大的作家说，早期..."Knowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...“知识就是力量”，就是这种remard的..."......".Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).“知识就是力量”，就是这种remard的..."......".Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere."......".如何我们常常听到这样的话一样有。

　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point 　　You reach a point where medicine can"t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 　　We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 　　注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： 　　Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case 　　There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 　　Today, we"ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity 　　Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation 　　He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 　　If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position 　　It"s put me in a position where I can"t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job 　　She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。 　　I don"t want a job where I"m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。 　　【模拟训练】 　　01. We"re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk. 　　A. where B. that C. when D. which 　　02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could not take any more. 　　A. what B. when C. where D. which 　　03. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely. 　　A. when B. where C. which D. that 　　04. It was so confusing that eventually it got to the point ______ no one knew what was going on. 　　A. when B. that C. which D. where 　　05. I don"t want a job ______ I"m chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 　　A. which B. where C. what D. when 　　06. Drink-driving is one case ______ severe punishment seems to work as a deterrent. 　　A. that B. which C. when D. where 　　07.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to 　　readers_______consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西) 　　A. where B. when C. who D. { A 此题是由where引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为cases，此句意思是“在这一章节，消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。} 　　【参考答案】 01—06 ACBDBD 　　1. —Where did you get to know her? 　　—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷) 　　A. that B. there C. which D. where 　　2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn simple games and songs. (全国I) 　　A. then B. there C. while D. where 　　3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷) 　　A. when B. whose C. which D. where 　　4. Today, we"ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷) 　　A. which B. as C. why D. where 　　5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷) 　　A. that B. what C. which D. where 　　以上5道题的答案分别是DDDDD，其中前面两道比较容易，因为它们符合“where引导的定语从句用于修饰表示地点的名词”这一基本用法。但是，后面3道题则有所不同，因为它们修饰的名词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，即分别是activity, case, point， 　　state，stage, situation ， 等 意指“情况、情形、形势”时，引导词常用 where 或介词+ which 。如： We"re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. ( 06 山东 　　26. ) A. where B. that C. when D. which由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，正确掌握这一知识点，本文拟对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。 　　用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点 　　按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句: 　　1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other. 　　请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。 　　点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。 　　2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 　　欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。 点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。 　　3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。 　　点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度之下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。 从上面四个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。 　　先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句 　　当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中笔者都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句: 　　4. English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。 　　点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。 　　5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 　　在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。 　　点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or more people took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。 　　6. However, being enthusiastic isnt for everyone and no one likes" false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points. 　　然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋不已的虚假热情。 　　点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在虚假的热情这种状态下”。 　　通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与第一节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象的地点意义。 　　因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:用where引导的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。由此,我们需要对上一期中所讨论的“先行词是表示地点的名词”与“用where引导定语从句”的关系进行修正,修正后的图示如下: 　　3. I can think of many cases________ cultural differences really exist. 　　4. He"s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the place. 　　5. Her illness has developed to the point _______ nobody can cure her. 　　在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面，也可用关系副词where来引导定语从句。 　　注意：如果stage, case, situation, position, point ，occasion 等这样的抽象名词作先行词时，根据他们在具体的语境中指的`是时间还是地点来确定是用where, when 　　1.reporters often draw peoples attentions to situation ______ ____ __ help is needed. 　　2. We have reached a stage ______ _____ we have almost no rights at all. 　　3. We were put in a position _______ ___ we had to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 　　4. There are occasions____________ one must give in. 　　三、先行词(抽象名词)+关系副词(where)+定语从句 　　1. i can think of many cases ___ students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn"t write a good essay. (2003上海卷) a. why b. which c. as d. where 解析：先行词为case，属抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词which和as，同时主句和从句不是因果关系，可排除选项a，正确答案应为d. where。 　　2. it"s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷) a. that b. when 　　c. which d. where 解析：本句先行词为situation，译作“环境，境遇”，用于表示地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故应选d. where。 　　3. we"re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东卷) a. where b. that c. when d. which 解析：先行词为point，可译作“目标，目的”，属表地点的抽象名词，从句中不缺少成分，故应选a. where。 　　4. those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷) a. when b. whose c. which d. where 解析：先行词为activity，属表示地点的抽象名词，而从句中的谓词动词matter为不及物动词，不需要宾语，故应选d. where。 　　5. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷) a. in which b. by which c. which d. that 解析：先行词为scene，属于表地点的抽象名词，从句为被动语态，且不缺少成分,故选a. in which。 　　6. i"ll give you my friend"s home address, ___ i can be reached most evenings. (2008北京卷) a. which b. when c. whom d. where 解析：先行词为address，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分,故应选d. where。 　　7. all the neighbors admire this family, ___ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷) a. why b. where c. which d. that 解析：先行词为family，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选b. where。 　　8. i work in a business ___ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南卷) a. how b. which c. where d. that 解析：先行词为business，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选c. where。 　　9. — what do you think of teaching, bob ? — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京卷) a. where b. which c. when d. that 解析：先行词为job，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选a. where。 　　10. ... you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking. ... (2005广东卷，阅读理解e篇) 　　解析：先行词为holiday，属表地点的抽象名词，且后面从句不缺少成分，故用where引导。 　　11. ... your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解a篇) 解析：先行词为territory，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句不缺少成分，故用关系副词where。 　　12. ... you, the customer, must pay: a reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解c篇) 解析：先行词为service，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，先行词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。 　　13. ... the animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death. ... (2005湖北卷，阅读理解e篇) 解析：a game是前面a very dangerous game的同位语，做先行词，是表地点的抽象名词，从句中没有缺少成分，故用in which(where)引导从句。 小结 近些年高考试题考查where / in which引导的定语从句，大多数采用先行词为抽象名词或用表示地点名词的特殊形式，以此增加考题的难度。例11，12，13是2005年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解中的题目，三篇短文就有三个这样难度较高的定语从句，可见掌握好定语从句是何等重要。对于上述例题中case, situation, point, activity, scene, address, family, business, job, holiday, territory, service,game等词做先行词，考查得比较频繁。另外，还要注意下面一些词汇：position, condition, environment, atmosphere, surroundings等，如果先行词为以上这些词，从句中又不缺少成分，也常常用where / in which引导定语从句。 　　拓展 　　where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词的情况有： 　　一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point 　　youreachapointwheremedicinecan"thelp.你已到了*物无法治疗的地步。 　　thecrisishasreachedapointwherethereceiverwillhavetobecalledin.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 　　wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。 　　注:有时point也可以是具体的地点: 　　letthepointwhereabcutscdbecallede.设ab线与cd线的相交点为e。 　　theaccidenthappenedatthepointwherethea15joinsthem1.事故发生在a15与m1交叉的十字路口。 　　二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case 　　therearecaseswheretheword“mighty”isusedasanadverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 　　today,we"lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguage 　　properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 　　三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity 　　thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmattersmorethan 　　hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 　　四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation 　　hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 　　ifyourisksomethingimportant,youcauseittobeinadangeroussituationwhereyoumightlose 　　it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 　　五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position 　　it"sputmeinapositionwhereican"taffordtotakethejob.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 　　六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job 　　shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。 　　idon"twantajobwherei"mchainedtoadeskallday.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。 　　【模拟训练】 　　01.we"rejusttryingtoreachapoint_______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk. 　　a.whereb.thatc.whend.which 　　02.shehadgottothepoint______shefeltthatshecouldnottakeanymore. 　　a.whatb.whenc.whered.which 　　03.thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint______hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely. 　　a.whenb.wherec.whichd.that 　　04.itwassoconfusingthateventuallyitgottothepoint______nooneknewwhatwasgoingon. 　　a.whenb.thatc.whichd.where 　　05.idon"twantajob______i"mchainedtoadeskforeighthoursaday. 　　a.whichb.wherec.whatd.when 　　06.drink-drivingisonecase______severepunishmentseemstoworkasadeterrent. 　　a.thatb.whichc.whend.where 　　07.laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_______consumerplainshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008*西) 　　a.whereb.whenc.whod.{a此题是由where引导的限制*定语从句，先行词为cases，此句意思是“在这一章节，消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}

　　一、英文单词： 　　content; substance 　　二、双语例句： 　　1 　　这给我们的工作增添了新的内容。 　　This adds a new dimension to our work. 　　2 　　我希望我所写的内容能对其他和我有同感的人有所裨益。 　　I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way. 　　3 　　我把信交给了我们当地的媒体，他们引用了其中的一部分内容。 　　I gave the letter to our local press and they quoted from it. 　　4 　　新法令涵盖了儿童保育、养育和保护的相关内容。 　　The new statute covers the care for, bringing up and protection of children 　　5 　　这些争论的主要内容将在本书后面的章节中更为充分地加以讨论。 　　Major elements of these debates are discussed more fully later in this book. 　　6 　　我和艾莉森只得从他口中撬出谈话内容。 　　Alison and I had to prize conversation out of him. 　　7 　　你应该对你通常不需要写入内容的磁盘进行写保护。 　　You should write-protect all disks that you do not usually need to write to. 　　8 　　这本小册子的内容应该会对所有的学生都有用处。 　　The contents of this booklet should be of use to all students 　　9 　　这个故事的基调和内容打动了我。 　　I was blown away by the tone and the quality of the story 　　10 　　那三本书的内容全都压缩进一本书了。 　　All those three books are compacted and compressed into one book. 　　11 　　这篇文章里尽是些错误和真假参半的内容。 　　The article had been full of errors and half truths. 　　12 　　我听见了一点谈话内容。 　　I heard snatches of the conversation. 　　13 　　该计划的主要内容是支出的缩减和政府控制的合理化改革。 　　The main lines of the plan were a reduction in expenditure and the rationalization of government controls. 　　14 　　作者从这个妙趣横生的故事的每一个精心构思的情节中都摘录了尽可能多的内容。 　　The author extracts the maximum from every carefully-crafted scene in this witty tale. 　　15 　　尽管对信的内容已经能够倒背如流了，他还是又看了一遍。 　　He read the letter again although already he could have recited its contents blindfold. 内容的英文怎么说

【 #四六级考试# 导语】祝愿天下所有考生开心度过四级考试。祝福你们旗开得胜，取得美好佳绩。平心对待四级考试，你们是最棒的！仁慈的上帝会祝福你们的，相信自己，一定能行！以下是 无 为大家精心整理的内容，欢迎大家阅读。 【篇一】2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译 　　1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 　　[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 　　2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 　　[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲 望和个人想化其收入效用的欲 望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 　　3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 　　[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 　　4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 　　[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。 　　5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. 　　[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 　　6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 　　[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。 　　7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. 　　[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能， 他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 　　8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 　　[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。 　　9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 　　[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。 　　10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 　　[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的。 【篇二】2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译 　　11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention. 　　[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。 　　12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. 　　[参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果来显示其努力的人们的例证。 　　13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 　　[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。 　　14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. 　　[参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。 　　15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. 　　[参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。 　　16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. 　　[参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。 　　17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 　　[参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。 　　18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. 　　[参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。 　　19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 　　[参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。 【篇三】2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译 　　21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 　　[参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 　　22. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management. 　　[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。 　　23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. 　　[参考译文]这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。 　　24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. 　　[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。 　　25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country"s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that we l comed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological. 　　[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。 　　26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descr iptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist". 　　[参考译文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。" 　　27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea". 　　[参考译文]罗伯特.法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。" 　　28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. 　　[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。 　　29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. 　　[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道："这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。 30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia"s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

1、Sopreciousistimethatwecan"taffordtowasteit.时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。2、Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。3、Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

guest house：英文翻译成中文回答：1)柯林斯高级英汉双解词典中，对guest house (also guesthouse) ( guest houses ) 的解释如下：N-COUNT A guest house is a small hotel. 小旅馆 N-COUNT A guest house is a small house in the grounds of a large house, where visitors can stay. 客房 [AM] 2)一般词典对 guesthouse 解释: n. 宾馆；客房= a house separate from the main house; for housing guests招待所=small hotel；如：This time around, the Chinese have hosted lavish banquets for the delegates in the Diaoyutai State Guest House, where the meetings are taking place. 在这一轮会谈中，中国方面在举行会谈的钓鱼台国宾馆盛宴款待各国谈判代表。建议：您可根据当地的具体环境与情况，选择应用其中文词义。

不知道

Regulation of animal cloning in the United States is under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration. Their Center for Veterinary Medicine has a page about Cloning of Food-Producing Animals.The possibility of human cloning has been the source of debates by the governments of many countries and international organizations. Policies and laws are currently being formulated in different countries and even in different states of the United States. Statements of the U.S., U.K. and Canadian governments and many other publications that explain the moral, ethical and legal issues of human cloning that are pertinent.Database of Global Policies on Human Cloning and Germ-line engineering. Produced by the Global Lawyers and Physicians, this map allows you to look at the policies and laws regarding cloning from many countries worldwide. The Center for Genetics and Society also brings together information on policies in the U.S. and around the world, including a survey on national policies.

用 was 。主语是a series of debates 。between the lectures是置定语

　　上大学最勤奋的时候莫过于大一时期，因为兴奋感还在。下面是我给大家整理的一些英语 范文 ，供大家参阅! 　　大一 英语 作文 篇1 　　Recently, I learnt something about environment in the class, and the fact made feel upset for the situation can"t be worse. 　　As is known to all, recently natural resources are scarce in some countries. What"s more, the pollution is still an annoying problem. Meanwhile, people pay no attention to environmental problems. At the same time, the gap between the rich and poor is much larger than before. Fortunately, the measures are being enforced that laws are making to protect the world, citizens are being educated, countries are co-operating and money is going to these projects, which would make the world better. 　　For me, sustainability is the key to a greener world. Resources in the world are limited, which means if every one of us doesn"t know anything about the environment, our children"s children and their children will not be able to live any longer. To make a better world, my classmates and I could recycle anything valuable so the amount of waste could be reduced. In addition, we could teach our parents why the greener lifestyle is important. 　　 大一英语作文篇2 　　All parents hope their children will have a bright future. However, parentsu2019 expectations for their children are not always in accordance with their childrenu2019s 　　personal ideals, and sometimes they are even conflicting with each other. This is often a main cause for quarrels and gaps between parents and children. 　　The following three factors contribute to the conflict. First of all, in this 　　fast-changing society, parents and children have too many differences in mind. 　　Secondly, traditional patriarchy is still influencing Chinese parents in modern society. They are used to making decisions for their children. Third, nowadays young people have strong independence, who want to plan their own future and control their own destiny. Thus the conflict between parents and children inevitably appear. 　　In order to solve the conflict, both parents and children should pay their efforts. For one thing, parents should give their children rights to make their own decisions. They may help their children make choices instead of replacing them to make choices. For another, children should learn to respect their parentsu2019 advices since parents tend to have more life experience. Besides, to communicate with each other actively is necessary to their understanding each other. As long as both parents and children learn to think from the other sideu2019s point of view, the conflicts between them can be avoided. 　　 大一英语作文篇3 　　As we see, the extended holidays have caused unexpected great travel craze and brisk economic activities. But there are many debates on the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of holiday economy. Many people, especially some economists, are in favor of the holiday economy. They believe that tourism-based holiday economy has raised consumption and helped to spur the domestic demands. In addition, transportation, catering, hotels and service industries become flourishing during long holidays. 　　However, many others argue that the holiday economy do more harm than good. First, the travel craze puts a heavy burden on the traffic system. Second, thousands of tourists rushed to scenic spots causing over crowdedness and safety problems. 　　As to me, I believe the advantages of holiday economy outweigh its disadvantages. After all, holiday economy greatly benefits the development of our overall economy. Besides, consumers can enjoy more colorful commodities and more preferential policies provided by the merchants. But the government should take effective measures to reduce the side effects of holiday economy. 　　 大一英语作文篇4 　　At present, more and more lectures are held on college campuses. These lectures are usually on different topics, such as arts, life, psychology, the economy, world issues. Lectures have become an important part of college campus life. Undoubtedly college students have benefited a lot from various lectures. Above all, the lectures broaden the students" knowledge horizon and cultivate their interest in different fields. What"s more, some lectures teach students practical knowledge and skills, such as how to make up and how to become self-confident. Besides, lectures make the life of college students colorful and enjoyable. 　　With these merits, lectures are a good complement to required classes. However, if a student spends too much time attending lectures, his regular study might be affected. Therefore, in my opinion, college students should attend good lectures on condition that they do their class work as well. 　　 大一英语作文篇5 　　Sep.10th,2008 　　Dear Mr Wang, 　　I"m writing you this letter to apologize for my failing to hand in the paper on time. I"m very sorry for the inconvenience brought by my delay. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude. The reason for my delay was the time was knocked down by a cold. Moreover, I had no way out because I was too weak to write a single word. Therefore, it is not in my power to finish the paper on time. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for my delay. However, I would do my utmost to finish the paper and hand it in as soon as possible. In my opinion, the importance of 　　punctuality cannot be emphasized too much. So I assure you that I will hand in my homework on time from now on. 　　Sincerely yours, 　　Wu Hua 　　 大一英语作文篇6 　　With the popular visitation of the internet, network classrooms are gaining more and more popularity. As a new teaching pattern, network classrooms have become an effective compliment to traditional classrooms. So some people propose a question “Will network classrooms replace traditional classrooms?” 　　As to this question, the opinions vary from one to another. Some people think it quite possible for network classrooms to take the place of traditional classrooms. First, network classrooms neednu2019t have face-to-face communication, and are not limited by time and place, which facilitates both teachers and students. Secondly, network classrooms release teachers from repeating the same contents. Since the video or audio material can be played time and again. 　　However, many people have opposite standpoints. They say that students like direct communication with teachers and their confusion can not be solved instantly. In addition, the computer system can not be guaranteed to work steadily all the time. Personally, both network classrooms and traditional classrooms are necessary for 　　students. If traditional teaching patterns and network classrooms can be combined together, more fruitful education is sure to be realized.

上面的句子和这个 句子是同样的问题：It has been the second time I came to Chongqing.这个语法点在改错（高考的一种题型）中不是经常出现吗？明确：I came to Chongqing 和 the debates were televised 都是做的定语，是定语从句。分析：1960 was the first year the debates were televised。the debates were televised做定语修饰the first year，那么问题是the First year 在定语从句中做设么成分明确：the first year在定语从句中做状语，时间状语接着分析：如果做状语不是应该写成1960 was the first year when(in which) the debates were televised吗？其实不然，明确（语法点）：介词短语作状语，其中含有first/second/third等这类词 或者含有way时，介词in要省略。接着分析：the debates were televised （in）the first year

复制如下Nowadays, many people think thatcollege students should take a part-time job for severaladvantages. For one thing, it gives the students a chance to know thesociety to learn to be independent. For another, they canalso getfinancial reward and working experience as well, such asteaching or selling practice, which is helpful to theirgrowth. What"s more, they can put what they have learnedinto practice, and know their strong and weak points so thatthey can improve their studies and personalities, which arebeneficial in their later lives.However, still many people think taking part-time job may have somenegative effects on students. In their opinions, it willtake them muchtime and energy, and will affect their studiesas a result. What"s worse, some students may be so keen on makingmoney that they may neglect their studies in the end.In my opinion, I am in favor of taking apart-time job. But we have to keep a balance between the job andthe study. After all, study is our main task at school.Taking a Part-TimeJobMany college students take part-time jobs in their spare time.Whether it is good or bad is still subject to constantdebates.Some people believe that taking a part-time job certainly bringsabout several advantages. To begin with, students can learn how to get along withpeople and know the society better by taking a part-timejob. Furthermore, to take a part-time job provides the students witha valuable opportunity to put what he has learned from books intopractice. Finally, students can make some money,which helps to unload their families" financial burden.However, problems may also arise. Firstly, some studentsspend too muchtime doing part-time jobs while neglecting their studies.Secondly, when taking part-time jobs, the students may be distracted from theirstudies by the colorful lives in the society. Thirdly, somestudents may becheated or hurt by their employers, because they don"t knowhow to protect themselves.As for me, I share the view that college students need to step outof the campus and take some part-time jobs if their schedulepermits. After all, it opens them a window to knowabout the society, which is essential to theirmaturity.Some peoplethink there are more advantages for college students to takepart-time jobs than disadvantages, others don"t think so. What"syour view on this? And tell why.A seriousproblem has arisen in recent several years that more and morecollege students abandon study because oftheir taking part-time jobs, so quite a few people areopposed to part-time jobs. However, taking part-time jobs has atleast three benefits for college students in my eyes.First,students can promote their studythrough part-time jobs. For instance, if a law student finds apart-time job in a law firm, his practice will enable him to betterunderstand what he"s learned from books. What"s more, thepart-time job can offer him opportunities togo beyond what he"s been taught in class, and he"lllearn somethingthat doesn"t exist in books but in practice.Second,students can also accumulate workingexperience through part-time jobs, which will benefit theirfuture job-hunting. Actually, part-time jobs act as warm-upexercises for students to take full-time jobs after they graduate,and help themprepare for their future careers. In addition, as freshblood in the society, graduated students are often rejected injob-hunting markets for lack of practical work experiences. It"seasier to find jobs for those who have accumulated experiences inpart-time jobs.Last butnot the least, part-time jobs can partly relieve students"financial burden, especially those who are from poorfamilies. College tuition fees have greatly increased in the pastten years due to the new educational policy. Many students frompoor families cannot afford college fees, and our bank system failto loan college students as effectively as it does in developedcountries, so taking part-time jobs becomes a way for them to meettheir great expenses in campus lives.It"s an undeniable fact that students break the balance betweentheir jobs and studies, especially when they fall into conflictwith each other. But I think studentsshould spend their spare time taking part-time jobs. Only followingthis principle can they benefit from their part-timejobs.

复制如下Nowadays, many people think thatcollege students should take a part-time job for severaladvantages. For one thing, it gives the students a chance to know thesociety to learn to be independent. For another, they canalso getfinancial reward and working experience as well, such asteaching or selling practice, which is helpful to theirgrowth. What"s more, they can put what they have learnedinto practice, and know their strong and weak points so thatthey can improve their studies and personalities, which arebeneficial in their later lives.However, still many people think taking part-time job may have somenegative effects on students. In their opinions, it willtake them muchtime and energy, and will affect their studiesas a result. What"s worse, some students may be so keen on makingmoney that they may neglect their studies in the end.In my opinion, I am in favor of taking apart-time job. But we have to keep a balance between the job andthe study. After all, study is our main task at school.Taking a Part-TimeJobMany college students take part-time jobs in their spare time.Whether it is good or bad is still subject to constantdebates.Some people believe that taking a part-time job certainly bringsabout several advantages. To begin with, students can learn how to get along withpeople and know the society better by taking a part-timejob. Furthermore, to take a part-time job provides the students witha valuable opportunity to put what he has learned from books intopractice. Finally, students can make some money,which helps to unload their families" financial burden.However, problems may also arise. Firstly, some studentsspend too muchtime doing part-time jobs while neglecting their studies.Secondly, when taking part-time jobs, the students may be distracted from theirstudies by the colorful lives in the society. Thirdly, somestudents may becheated or hurt by their employers, because they don"t knowhow to protect themselves.As for me, I share the view that college students need to step outof the campus and take some part-time jobs if their schedulepermits. After all, it opens them a window to knowabout the society, which is essential to theirmaturity.Some peoplethink there are more advantages for college students to takepart-time jobs than disadvantages, others don"t think so. What"syour view on this? And tell why.A seriousproblem has arisen in recent several years that more and morecollege students abandon study because oftheir taking part-time jobs, so quite a few people areopposed to part-time jobs. However, taking part-time jobs has atleast three benefits for college students in my eyes.First,students can promote their studythrough part-time jobs. For instance, if a law student finds apart-time job in a law firm, his practice will enable him to betterunderstand what he"s learned from books. What"s more, thepart-time job can offer him opportunities togo beyond what he"s been taught in class, and he"lllearn somethingthat doesn"t exist in books but in practice.Second,students can also accumulate workingexperience through part-time jobs, which will benefit theirfuture job-hunting. Actually, part-time jobs act as warm-upexercises for students to take full-time jobs after they graduate,and help themprepare for their future careers. In addition, as freshblood in the society, graduated students are often rejected injob-hunting markets for lack of practical work experiences. It"seasier to find jobs for those who have accumulated experiences inpart-time jobs.Last butnot the least, part-time jobs can partly relieve students"financial burden, especially those who are from poorfamilies. College tuition fees have greatly increased in the pastten years due to the new educational policy. Many students frompoor families cannot afford college fees, and our bank system failto loan college students as effectively as it does in developedcountries, so taking part-time jobs becomes a way for them to meettheir great expenses in campus lives.It"s an undeniable fact that students break the balance betweentheir jobs and studies, especially when they fall into conflictwith each other. But I think studentsshould spend their spare time taking part-time jobs. Only followingthis principle can they benefit from their part-timejobs.

希拉里竞选纽约参议员的演讲稿You know, you know, we started this great effort on a sunny July morning in Pinders Corner on Pat and Liz Moynihan"s beautiful farm and 62 counties, 16 months, 3 debates, 2 opponents, and 6 black pantsuits later, because of you, here we are. You came out and said that issues and ideals matter, jobs matter, downstate and upstate, health care matters, education matters, the environment matters, social security matters, a woman"s right to choose matters. It all matters and I just want to say from the bottom of my heart, thank you, New York! Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will - I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan. I would like all of you and the countless New Yorkers and Americans watching to join me in honoring him for his incredible half century of service to New York and our nation. Senator Moynihan, on behalf of New York and America, thank you. I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York"s families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers. And how fortunate we are indeed to live in the most diverse, dynamic and beautiful state in the entire union. You know, from the South Bronx to the Southern Tier, from Brooklyn to Buffalo, from Montauk to Massena, from the world"s tallest skyscrapers to breathtaking mountain ranges, I"ve met people whose faces and stories I will never forget. Thousands of New Yorkers from all 62 counties welcomed to me into your schools, your local diners, your factory floors, your living rooms and front porches. You taught me, you tested me and you shared with me your challenges and concerns - about overcrowded or crumbling schools, about the struggle to care for growing children and aging parents, about the continuing challenge of providing equal opportunity for all and about children moving away from their home towns because good jobs are so hard to find in upstate New York. Now I"ve worked on issues like these for a long time, some of them for 30 years, and I am determined to make a difference for all of you. You see, I believe our nation owes every responsible citizen and every responsible family the tools that they need to make the most of their own lives. That"s the basic bargain. I"ll do my best to honor in the United States Senate.And to those of you who did not support me, I want you to know that I will work in the Senate for you and for all New Yorkers. And to those of you who worked so hard and never lost faith even in the toughest times, I offer you my undying gratitude.大家知道，我们是在七月的一个阳光灿烂的早上，从帕特和丽兹·莫伊尼汉夫妇位于频德角的美丽农场开始迈出了这艰难的一步，然后辗转六十二个县，历经过十六个月、三场辩论，打败了两个竞争对手，穿破六套黑色便服。如今，在你们的支持下，我们终于胜利了。你们说，各项议题和观念非常重要--全州的就业问题是重要的，医疗保健是重要的，教育是重要的，环境是重要的，社会保险是重要的，还有妇女选择权是重要的。这些全都重要，而我只想衷心道一声：谢谢你，纽约！感谢你们开放思想，不存成见，感谢你们相信我们携手为子孙后代、为我州，以至全国的未来而共同努力的美好前景。我对你们每个人都深怀谢意，感谢你们给了我一个为大家服务的机会。我将以参议员丹尼尔·帕特里克·莫伊尼汉为榜样，尽自己最大的努力不负众望。我恳请你们所有人、诸位正在收看直播的纽约市民和美国人民，同我一起向他致敬，感谢他这半个世纪以来为纽约和美国做出的巨大贡献。莫伊尼汉议员：我代表纽约和美国人民，感谢你。今晚我发誓，我将跨越两党的界线为全纽约州的所有家庭创造繁荣与进步。今天，我们以民主党人和共和党人的身份投票；明天，我们将作为纽约人重新开始。能生活在我国多元文化最丰富多彩、最生气勃勃、最美丽的一个州，我们是多么的幸运。大家知道，从南布朗克斯到纽约最南端，从布鲁克林到布法罗，从蒙特哥到马塞纳，从世界上最高的摩天大楼到令人叹为观止的绵延山脉，我认识了不少人，我永远也不会忘记他们的容貌和故事。纽约六十二个县成千上万的纽约人把我迎进了你们的学校、你们的风味小餐馆、你们的车间、你们的起居室和前廊。你们教导着我，你们考验着我，你们把面临的难题和关心的问题告诉我--拥挤的校园和破旧的校舍，养育孩子和赡养年迈双亲的艰辛，寻求人人同等待遇的挑战，还有在纽约州北部地区因为就业机会难寻，孩子们都离开故乡、移往他处的问题。长期以来，我一直在为这些问题奔忙，有些问题甚至我已经为之奋斗了30年之久，我决心让这些问题得到改观。大家知道，我们国家有义务让每个有责任感的公民和家庭的生活更上一层楼。这是最起码的，作为一名参议员，我将尽自己最大的努力来实现它。对于那些在过去没有支持我的人们，我想告诉你们，我将在参议院为你们、为全体纽约人而工作。对于那些勤奋工作、甚至在最艰难的时期也不放弃信念的人们，我永远感谢你们。1、纽约州在美国东北部，纽约市是美国第一大城市和最大的海港，也是美国人口最多的城市。美国的立法机构——美国国会（United States Congress）包括众议院（House of Representatives）和参议院（Senate）。美国议员选举实行直接选举制，参议员由各州选民直接选举，每个州可选出两名国会参议员，每个参议员任期为六年。

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. [参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。 7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. [参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. [参考译文] 在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。 9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. [参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以( 使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。 10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. [参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的。 11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention. [参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。 12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve,the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts. [参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。 13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. [参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可*和值得信赖的信息的信心。 14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. [参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招 。 15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. [参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。 16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. [参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。 17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. [参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一 种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。 18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. [参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前 会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下 的讨论话题。 19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. [参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人 一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至 要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。 20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. [参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求， 并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些 家族公司的财富。21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. [参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他 们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个 因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与 公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒 适" 阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟 社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。 23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. [参考译文] 这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需 求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。 24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连 他也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古 老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有 这样的私人关系。 25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country"s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological. [参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢 迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对 那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。 26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist". [参考译文] 正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、 非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中 装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。" 27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea". [参考译文] 罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、 轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成 自己思想的展示， 在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新 的思想。" 28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. [参考译文] 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他 们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来 说，神造论者的 欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧 异。 29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. [参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德写道："这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化 论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。 30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia"s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. [参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法*。 31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. [参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过 过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。 32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. [参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这 些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的 法律。 33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters,and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. [参考译文] 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有 礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这 使得它值得被讨论一下。 34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. [参考译文] 我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里： 一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神 所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。 35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [参考译文] 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所 需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药 症状的出现。 36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" [参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道 你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?" 37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column", "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..." [参考译文] "对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是 否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么 的富有争议或令人不快…" 38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders" meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society"s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. [参考译文] 在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克 斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。 39. Much of the language used to describe monetary poli

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 谁知道美国现实主义文学流派的相关情况啊? 最好是中英文对译的! 谢谢!! 解析: 现实主义是文学艺术的基本创作方法之一，其实际运用时间相当早远，但直到19世纪50年代才由法国画家库尔贝和作家夏夫列里作为一个名称提出来，恩格斯为“现实主义”下的定义是：除了细节的真实外，还要真实的再现典型环境中的典型人物。(1888年4月初致玛.哈克奈斯信)在文学艺术创作中，现实主义是与浪漫主义并驾齐驱两大思潮，其注重事实或现实；不受理想主义、臆测或感伤主义影响的客观过程；客观地而不凭感情地去处理思想和行动，反对一切不切实际或空想的性格。 As a term of art in philosophy, reali *** refers to a thesis that general properties, technically known as universals, have a mode of existence or a form of reality that is in a certain sense independent of the things that possess them. Opposing theses, known as nominali *** , and conceptuali *** , hold that universals are not real or do not properly exist, that only individuals and particulars exist, and that it is only the corresponding general concepts of thought or universal terms of language, serving as equivocal denotations of many particular things, that deceive the mind into thinking so. Philosophical reali *** is also referred to as Platonic reali *** or Scholastic reali *** , depending on the nuances of the particular variant in mind. In some versions of reali *** , in stark contrast to everyday usage, a distinction is drawn beeen existence and reality, based on the idea that potentials can be real but that only actuals can exist. In a separate context of discussion, reali *** is contrasted with both ideali *** and materiali *** , and is more controversially considered by others to be synonymous with the position in the philosophy of mind known as duali *** . In recent tran *** ogrifications of the word, reali *** is contrasted with anti-reali *** and irreali *** . Increasingly these last disputes, too, are rejected as misleading, and some philosophers prefer to call the kind of reali *** espoused there metaphysical reali *** and eschew the whole debate in favour of simple naturali *** or natural reali *** , which is not so much a theory as the position that these debates are ill-conceived, if not incoherent, and that there is no more to deciding what is really real than simply taking our words at face value. Reali *** in philosophy can also refer to other forms of reali *** such as moral reali *** and scientik

With the development of science and technology, our side appeared a lot of new things,such as clone,The scientific invention of clone has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. Now the cloning scientific has been used for many years to produce plants, it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. The benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts , such as that if a parson in a traffic accident lost his arm or leg ,or someone get a serious heart disease and face danger ,he need a new body parts replace ,At this time we can use cloning technology copy a new parts of body to replace ,in the this way can be ensure that someone continue to live ,so that the clone is benefit for us . Everything has two sides and cloning is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. On the contrary,most people are against of cloning technology been used in our life, One of the biggest reason is that human cloning technology will break the gender balance,it will be bring up a great chaos. As far as I think cloning technology is more much disadvantage for human being ,we should very careful to use it, I believe that only in this way our life will be more beautiful

英语四级作文万能句型一段首句1)关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to 省略.Some people suggest that 省略.2)俗话说……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使今天，它在许多场合仍然使用。There is an old saying省略.It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3)现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today,省略,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,省略,Second,省略.What makes things worse is that 省略.4)现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外……。Nowadays,it is common to 省略.Many people like 省略because省略.Besides,省略.5)任何事物都是两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and 省略is not an exception.It has both advantages and disadvantages.6)关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为……，在他们看来，……People"s opinions about 省略vary from person to person.Some people say that 省略.To them,省略.7)人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变的越来越严重。Man is now facing a big problem省略which is becoming more and more serious.8)……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年轻人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。省略has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.二.中间段落句1)相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。On the contrary,there are some people in favor of 省略.At the same time ,they say省略.2)但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve省略.For example,省略.Worst of all,省略.3)……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……省略is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction.First,省略.What"s more,省略.Most important of all,省略.4)有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt.First,we can省略.5)面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效地方法来……。一方面……，另一方面…… Confronted with省略,we should take a series of effective measures to省略.For one thing,省略For another,省略.6)早该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。It is high time that something was done about it.For example,省略.In addition.省略.All these measures will certainly省略.7)然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它不利的一面，像……。However,just like everyone has both its good and bad sides,省略also has its own disadvantages,such as省略.三.结尾句1)至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……As for as I am concerned,I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that省略.2)总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of省略.Only in this way can省略in the future.3)就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因此……Personally,I believe that省略.Consequently,I"m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because省略.4)随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。With the development of society,省略.So it"s urgent and necessary to省略.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society,it will be better and better.5)至于我(对我而言，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… For my part,I think it reasonable to省略.Only in this way can we省略.6)在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形式。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。It is difficult to say whether省略is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of省略-.However,from a personal point of view find省略.7)综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has been discussed above,we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that省略.

01、No one knows。 没有人知道。 02、So long。 再见。 03、What does she like？ 她喜欢什么？ 04、Ill be back soon。 我马上回来。 05、T cant help it。 我情不自禁。 06、The wall has ears。 隔墙有耳。 07、After you。 您先。 08、Ill be right there。 我马上就到。 09、What day is today？ 今天星期几？ 10、Yes，I suppose So。 是的，我也这么认为。 11、I have a good idea！ 我有一个好主意。 12、You did right。 你做得对。 13、Thats a good idea。 这个主意真不错。 14、You need to work out。 你需要去运动锻炼一下。 15、He is just a child。 他只是个孩子。 16、Im his fan。 我是他的影迷。 17、Your hand feels cold。 你的手摸起来很冷。 18、There comes a bus。 汽车来了。 19、I have no idea。 我没有头绪。 20、Help yourself。 别客气 21、I agree。 我同意。 22、Thats all！ 就这样！ 23、Its against the law。 这是违法的。 24、He lacks courage。 他缺乏勇气。 25、Take care！ 保重！ 26、I doubt it。 我怀疑。 27、It sounds great！ 听起来很不错。 28、Ill fix you up。 我会帮你打点的。 29、Dont be so childish。 别这么孩子气。 30、I like ice-cream。 我喜欢吃冰淇淋。 31、Knowledge is power。 知识就是力量。 32、Its going too far。 太离谱了。 33、Cheer up！ 振作起来！ 34、Not yet。 还没。 35、If only I could fly。 要是我能飞就好了。 36、He looks very healthy。 他看来很健康。 37、Im On your side。 我全力支持你。 38、Dont be so modest。 别谦虚了。 39、Me too。 我也是。 40、Fasten your seat belt。 系好你的安全带。 41、Let go！ 放手！ 42、What a pity！ 太遗憾了！ 43、Move out of my way！ 让开！ 44、How are you recently？ 最近怎么样？ 45、Of course！ 当然了！ 46、Guess what？ 猜猜看？ 47、It is growing cool。 天气渐渐凉爽起来。 48、You can make it！ 你能做到！ 49、Dont let me down。 别让我失望。 50、How are things going？ 事情进展得怎样？ 51、May I use your pen？ 我可以用你的笔吗？ 52、What about you？ 你呢？ 53、It really takes time。 这样太耽误时间了。 54、Keep it up！ 坚持下去！ 55、Believe it or not！ 信不信由你！ 56、Not bad。 还不错。 57、Good job！ 做得好！ 58、Be careful！ 注意！ 59、This way。 这边请。 60、Thats all I need。 我就要这些。 61、Ill check it out。 我去查查看。 62、Do l have to。 非做不可吗？ 63、She had a bad cold。 她患了重感冒。 64、Take it easy。 别紧张。 65、Hows everything？ 一切还好吧？ 66、Enjoy yourself！ 祝你玩得开心！ 67、Excuse me，Sir。 先生，对不起。 68、Its her field。 这是她的本行。 69、Its a fine day。 今天是个好天。 70、What should I do？ 我该怎么办？ 71、Ill try my best。 我尽力而为。 72、Is it yours？ 这是你的吗？ 73、Any messages for me？ 有我的留言吗？ 74、You are just in time。 你来得正是时候。 75、Make up your mind。 做个决定吧。 76、No way！ 不行！ 77、Do me a favor？ 帮个忙，好吗？ 78、I promise。 我保证。 79、Whats up？ 有什么事吗？ 80、He repaired his house。 他修理了他的房子。 81、My treat。 我请客。 82、Let me see。 让我想想。 83、I love this game。 我钟爱这项运动。 84、What do you think？ 你怎么认为？ 85、Bless you！ 祝福你！ 86、What a good deal！ 真便宜！ 87、Did you miss the bus？ 你错过公共汽车了？ 88、I felt sort of ill。 我感觉有点不适。 89、Dont lose your head。 不要惊慌失措。 90、He is my age。 他和我同岁。 91、Slow down！ 慢点！ 92、Control yourself！ 克制一下！ 93、He always talks big。 他总是吹牛。 94、Im lost。 我迷路了。 95、I just made it！ 我做到了！ 96、My god！ 天哪！ 97、Keep in Touch。 保持联络。 98、Its Sunday today。 今天是星期天。 99、No problem！ 没问题！ 100、We are good friends。 我们是好朋友。 101、It seems all right。 看来这没问题。 102、Its up to you。 由你决定。 103、I love you！ 我爱你！ 104、You have my word。 我保证。 105、Follow me。 跟我来。 106、He is ill in bed。 他卧病在床。 107、My mouth is watering。 我要流口水了。 108、I decline！ 我拒绝！ 109、Just read it for me。 就读给我听好了。 110、I dont mean it。 我不是故意的。 111、Whos calling？ 是哪一位？ 112、He won an election。 他在选举中获胜。 113、I cant follow you。 我不懂你说的。 114、Dont move！ 不许动！ 115、What time is it？ 几点了？ 116、He is a smart boy。 他是个小机灵鬼。 117、What happened to you？ 你怎么了？ 118、Hows it going？ 怎么样？ 119、Here you are。 给你。 120、Any thing else？ 还要别的吗？ 121、Who told you that？ 谁告诉你的？ 122、So far， so good。 目前还不错。 123、Speak louder，please。 说话请大声点儿。 124、He has a large income。 他有很高的收入。 125、Clothes make the man。 人要衣装。 126、Time is running out。 没时间了。 127、Watch out！ 当心。 128、The answer is zero。 白忙了。 129、Count me on。 算上我。 130、I think so。 我也这么想。 131、He cant take a joke。 他开不得玩笑。 132、Never mind。 不要紧。 133、He can hardly speak。 他几乎说不出话来。 134、Just wonderful！ 简直太棒了！ 135、Im in a hurry！ 我在赶时间！ 136、I beg your pardon。 请你原谅。 137、Were all for it。 我们全都同意。 138、You owe me one。 你欠我一个人情。 139、Whats new？ 有什么新鲜事吗？ 140、Are you sure？ 你肯定吗？ 141、He suggested a picnic。 他建议搞一次野餐。 142、I quit！ 我不干了！ 143、You set me up！ 你出卖我！ 144、Good luck！ 祝好运！ 145、Time is up。 时间快到了。 146、Time is money。 时间就是金钱。 147、Are you kidding？ 你在开玩笑吧！ 148、Any day will do。 哪一天都行。 149、Im on a diet。 我在节食。 150、Allow me。 让我来。 英语万能句子大全_英语万能句子 1、【在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。From my point of vie person to person. Some hold that . Hoe to the conclusion that.】 36、【社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress】 37、【实现梦想 realize ones dream / make ones dream come true】 38、【不值得。It"s not e.】 49、【你认为怎样？e extent / degree / in some ething is concerned.】 76、【毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会。No doubt, unless e to the conclusion that.】 92、【你总是对的。You"re alething , it is essential that.】 120、【祝你一天过得愉快。Have a nice day.】 121、【放松。Relax!】 122、【经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold e serious problems as where i stand.】 130、【解决这些麻烦的最好办法是。The best way to solve the troubles is.】 131、【该是采纳的建议，并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of.】 英语作文万能句子 1、【There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits。 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。 】 2、【面临，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面，另一方面， Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______。 For one thing，______For another，______】 3、【Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论 】 4、【The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life。 It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well。 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。 】 5、【相反，有一些人赞成，他们相信，而且，他们认为。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___。At the same time，they say____。】 6、【就我个人而言，我相信，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为 personally， I believe that_____。 Consequently， Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。】 7、【The more (you read)， the more(you learn)】 8、【There are different opinions among people as to 关于，人们的观点大不相同。 】 9、【现在，，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life。 First， ____ Second，____。 What makes things worse is that______。】 10、【Where there is a will，there is a way】 11、【Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure)。 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。】 12、【One today is worth too tomorrow。英语作文万能句子】 13、【但是，我认为这不是解决的好方法，比如。最糟糕的是。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____。For example，____。Worst of all，___。】 14、【people may have different opinions on 人们对可能会有不同的见解。 】 15、【Thank you for your】 16、【peoples views on vary from person to person。 Some hold that 。 However， others believe that。人们对的观点因人而异。有些人认为，然而其他人却认为 】 17、【We cannot attach too much importance to the problem (越重视越好）】 18、【Hence/Therefore， wed better come to the conclusion that 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论 】 19、【综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above， we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。】 20、【然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，也有它的不利的一面，象。 However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ______also has its own disadvantages， such as ______。】 21、【Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person。人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。 】 22、【Nowadays， (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face。 如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。 】 23、【如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是 If we can not take useful means， we may not control this trend， and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly， so what we should do is_____。】 24、【尽管如此，我相信更有利。 Nonetheless， I believe that ______is more advantageous。有关英语作文万能句子】 25、【为什么？第一个原因是；第二个原因是；第三个原因是。总的来说，的主要原因是由于 Why______？ The first reason is that ______。The second reason is ______。The third is ______。For all this， the main cause of ______due to ______。】 26、【已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way。】 27、【俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______。 Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today。】 28、【Down or done】 29、【No roads of flowers lead to succes】 30、【Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well】 31、【总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来。 In a word， the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______。Only in this way can ______in the future。】 32、【Speech is silver，but silence is golden。】 33、【随着社会的发展，。因此，迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society， ______。So its urgent and necessary to ____。If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society， it will be better and better。】 34、【As far as I"m concerned (在我看来）】 35、【knowledge is power。】 36、【早就应该拿出行动了。比如说，另外。所有这些方法肯定会。英语作文万能句子精选 It is high time that something was done about it。 For example。 _____。In addition。 _____。All these measures will certainly______。】 37、【With the development of science and technology， more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人认为 】 38、【It is believed that】 39、【人类正面临着一个严重的问题，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious。】 40、【任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages。】 41、【It is not because it"s difficult that we don"t dear to do it，but it is because we don"t dear to do it that it is difficult。】 42、【关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to ____ 。Some people suggest that ____。】 43、【The word impssible is never in my dictionary。】 44、【For the purpose of~~】 45、【但是，和都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，，而。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢） But ______and ______have their own advantages。 For example， _____， while_____。 Comparing this with that， however， I prefer to______。】 46、【对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，。而且，最重要的是 ______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction。 First，______。Whats more， _____。Most important of all，______。】 47、【在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life。it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well。】 48、【If winter comes ， can spring be far behind？】 49、【对我来说，我认为有必要。原因如下：第一，； 第二，；最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion， I think it necessary to____。 The reasons are as follows。 First _____。Second ______。 Last but not least，______。】 50、【根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while。 Obviously，______，but why？】 51、【至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为 As far as I am concerned， I agree with the latter opinion to some extent。 I think that ____。】 52、【Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论 】 53、【A lot of people seem to think that 很多人似乎认为 引出观点句子 】 54、【至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为更合理。只有这样，我们才能 For my part， I think it reasonable to_____。 Only in this way can you _____。】 55、【Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass】 56、【现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。 Nowadays，it is common to ______。 Many people like ______ because ______。 Besides，______。】 57、【It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that 人们一般认为 Many people insist that 很多人坚持认为 】 58、【关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来， peoples opinions about ______ vary from person to person。 Some people say that ______。To them，_____。】 59、【Recently， the problem of has aroused peoples concern。 最近，问题已引起人们的关注。 】 60、【All in all， we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise。 总之，我们没有是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。 】 61、【I"m looking forward to your reply。】 62、【在总体上很难说是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______。 However， from a personal point of view find______。】 63、【A good beginning is half done】 64、【有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以。There are several measures for us to adopt。 First， we can______】 65、【It is no wonder that】 66、【完全同意这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______。】 大学英语作文万能句子 1、Along puter。人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。 13、Similarly， we should pay attention to 同样，我们要注意 14、This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore。这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。 15、

1 success 2 interaction 3 are celebrated 4 sharps 5 luxuriance

　　本文分析了雅思写作中常见的9中错误，希望大家以此为鉴可以看看自己的雅思作文有没有犯同样的错误，对照学习一下。 　　雅思写作常见错误一：句子连接 　　- 错误范例： 　　1. Modern communication technology is progressing at a rapid pace, the volume and extent of cultural transmissions in the contemporary period have far exceeded those of earlier eras. 　　2. Modern communication technology is progressing at a rapid pace, therefore the volume and extent of cultural transmissions in the contemporary period have far exceeded those of earlier eras. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　1、逗号不能连接具有完整主谓宾的句子; 　　2、有大量同学认为此时加上一个表因果的词”therefore”就可以连接两个句子了，但therefore是副词，同样不能连接两个完整的句子 　　- 改正后： 　　1. Modern communication technology is progressing at a rapid pace, so the volume and extent of cultural transmissions in the contemporary period have far exceeded those of earlier eras. 　　2. Modern communication technology is progressing at a rapid pace; therefore, the volume and extent of cultural transmissions in the contemporary period have far exceeded those of earlier eras. 　　雅思写作常见错误二：句式杂糅 (run-on sentence) 　　- 概念解释： 　　A run-on is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses (i.e., complete sentences) are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction. 　　- 错误范例： 　　There are many students go abroad. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　大量考生忽视了中英文写作表达的区别，常常按照中文句子的分割方式，从意义出发，只要意思没表达完，便可以一句连一句地写下去，直至内容结束，即出现“一逗到底”的断句方式;而英文句子是按照结构分割的，只要句子含有完整的主谓结构，就可以独立成句。那么，上述例子中的错误就是将两个单句”There are many students.”和”Many students go abroad.”想当然地混合在了一起。 　　- 改正后： 　　方法一：去掉根据中文直译而多余的”there be”，直接恢复成一个简单句 　　Many students go abroad. 　　句子简单明了，符合英文习惯。 　　方法二：将其中一个句子保留作为主体句，同时将另外一个句子变成主体句的从属成分或是从句 　　There are many students going abroad. 　　There are many students who go abroad. 　　满足了部分考生对使用非谓语动词或复杂句的需求。 　　雅思写作常见错误三：不一致 　　- 概念解释： 　　包括主谓不一致、数的不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致、比较对象不一致等 　　- 错误范例： 　　1. The average life span in the 1980u2019s was much longer than 1880u2019s. 　　2. A series of debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　1、比较对象不一致，在使用形容词和副词比较级时，我们往往容易受汉语的影响，忽略了比较对象应该一致的问题。 　　2、主谓不一致，本句主语是series 　　- 改正后： 　　1. The average life span in the 1980u2019s was much longer than that in the 1880u2019s. 　　2. A series of debates between the two lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 　　雅思写作常见错误四：名词单复数 　　- 错误范例： 　　We need several evidences to demonstrate the validity of this argument. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　通常evidence用作不可数名词。若“一条证据”，用a piece of evidence;若“很多证据”，可以用”plentiful”, ”ample”, “abundant”, “a mass of”, “a body of”等 　　- 改正后： 　　We need several evidence to demonstrate the validity of this argument. 　　雅思写作常见错误五：冠词误用 　　- 错误范例： 　　1. The disagreement promotes further exploration. 　　2. Disagreement of these two economistsu2019 opinions on the prediction encouraged them to delve into more thorough research. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　1、“分歧促进深入探索”，此时的disagreement应该为泛指，不需要the;2、“这两位经济学家关于预测结果的意见的分歧激励他们进行更全面的研究”，这里的”disagreement”应该是特指这两个人的意见的分歧，所以需要”the”。 　　- 改正后： 　　1. Disagreement promotes further exploration. 　　2. The disagreement of these two economistsu2019 opinions on the prediction encouraged them to delve into more thorough research. 　　雅思写作常见错误六：从句误用 　　- 错误范例： 　　1. This is apparently the most reasonable solution which can change the situation. 　　2. The author claims this new air traffic control system will work well and it allows more planes to be in the air more safely and able to fly more direct routes. 　　3. No matter who has the courage to challenge the authority is likely to succeed. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　1、定语从句修饰的先行词solution被形容成最高级the most resonable修饰，所以定语从句应该用that引导而非which; 　　2、正规书面语中，宾语从句的that一般不省略，此句中claim后面引导两个宾语从句，考生经常忽略第二个宾语从句的引导词that; 　　3、no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，而whoever既可以引导让步状语从句也可以引导名词性从句。 　　- 改正后： 　　1. This is apparently the most reasonable solution that can change the situation. 　　2. The author claims that this new air traffic control system will work well and that it allows more planes to be in the air more safely and able to fly more direct routes. 　　3. Whoever has the courage to challenge the authority is likely to succeed. 　　雅思写作常见错误七：混淆语态 　　- 错误范例： 　　Comparing to the first opinion, the second one makes more sense. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　非谓语动词”compare”的逻辑主语应该和主句主语”the second one”一致，而”opinion”不能主动去比较。 　　- 改正后： 　　Compared to the first opinion, the second one makes more sense. 　　雅思写作常见错误八：代词误用 　　- 错误范例： 　　1. My son is the only one whom I would be very concerned about if my husband and me were to separate. 　　2. If you complain that Bangkok has lost its exotic flavor, China town will be the answer. 　　3. The witness wanted to offer anonymous testimony. They were afraid of getting hurt if their names were spread. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　1、用作主语，要用人称代词的主格而不是宾格; 　　2、学术性文章尽量避免第一人称和第二人称。第一人称易使文章显得片面而主观，第二人称会让文章看上去很有指控性，即把责任都推到了读者身上; 　　3、用第三人称进行写作时，往往在需要单数的时候写成了复数形式。 　　- 改正后： 　　1. My son is the only one whom I would be very concerned about if my husband and I were to separate. 　　2. For those who complain that Bangkok has lost its exotic flavor, China town is the answer. 　　3. The witness wanted to offer anonymous testimony. He or she was afraid of getting hurt if his or her name was spread. 　　雅思写作常见错误九：大词误用 　　- 错误范例： 　　Obviously, he gets a sanguine opinion so he can ignore lots of difficulties. 　　- 错误原因分析： 　　“很显然，他天性乐观，所以能够克服许多困难”。句中”sanguine”这个词是非常正式的书面语，用在这里和作者的get, ignore等不精准的表达方式明显格格不入。 　　- 改正后： 　　1. Obviously, he has been quite optimistic, so he could overcome so many difficulties. (舍弃sanguine，整句话较为平实但不失准确)

●第一类:学习知识促“改变”It"s never too late to learn. Each individual has the right to acceptmore challenges and make more attempts.学习永远为时不晚。每个人都应该并且有权力去接受更多挑战，做更多尝试。(第二类:发挥天赋促"改变Actually, every individual possess talent. Be brave when you find itand also make efforts. You can create miracles in the end.事实上，每个人都有天赋。发现它时要勇敢，也要付出努力，最终你会创造奇迹。( ) 第三类:追逐梦想促"改变"It"s never too late to go for your dream. As long as you grasp everyopportunity and take full advantage of it, you will stand a chance torealize your dream.追梦永远不晚。只要你抓住机会，充分利用机会，你就有机会实现梦想。As long as we dare to dream and don" t let difficulties get in our way,anything is possible. 只要我们敢梦，不被困难所阻挡，一切皆有可能。( D第四类:克服困难促"改变The journey to success is not smooth. It" s full of challenges anddifficulties. We should be brave to face them. As long as we don"tgive up hope and make every effort to overcome all the difficultieswe will surely achieve our goal finally. 通往成功的路不会是一-帆风顺的，充满挑战和艰辛。我们要要敢面对。只要不放弃希望并竭尽全力克服所有困难，我们最终会宾现我们的目标。( ) 第五类:战胜恐惧促"改变

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1. 英语作文万能模版和句子、 Nowadays, “1”has bee a matter of great concern of the general public in our society, especially for those who are confronted with this problem. There are, as is vividly depicted in the picture, 2 . 3 .This is something we should give more thought to. The picture are thought-provoking, and what it illustrate is a mon phenomenon in today"s society： ④ . ⑤ . Hence， ⑥ ， as is shown in the picture given above. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measur to improve the situations. In the first place, us should to appeal to government to set up a foundation toward those who do much to protect forest resources ⑦. second, those who cut down trees in a forest a random⑧ deserve to be punished by the law. Last but least ,it is necessary to encourage city-residents to plant as many trees as possible in and around the city⑨.We are looking forward to a much better and brighter future. 使用说明： 1 总结图画主题，一般可以用and或or连接两个名词。 注意英语喜欢用名词作标题类的内容。 2 描述图画内容。 3 根据个人描述能力，如果2句中描述已经够了，可以不写。 ④ 点出图画喻意。 ⑤ 展开喻意，也是这个模块中，唯一需要完全由自己在考场上写的句子。 ⑥ 再次总结、强调喻意。 ⑦ 根据图画内容，改写who引导的从句。 ⑧ 根据图画内容，改写who引导的从句。 ⑨ 根据图画内容，改写主语和谓语。 注意作文62616964757a686964616fe78988e69d8331333335313132提示，灵活机动，按规定写作。 具体变化注意： 第一，如果是图表作文，2 句型不变，增加一句“some important change taken place in the past several years”，表示变化趋势。 第二，如果需要举例，在第二段增加一句：“for example, as report in daily newspaper and on TV news，……” 第三，如果需要列举原因，在第二段第二句增加：“There were some possible reasons for……” 本文已经固化的单词数超过140词，当场只需写一个完整的句子、三个半句、五处单词替换，具有中学英语水平足以完成。 引用的句子已经有足够的闪光点，自己写的句子，千万别写错，另外，注意覆盖图画所表达的内容。做到这两点，13分以上应该没有问题。 2. 万能英语作文写信中间30个单词 写信开头常用句式：1、投诉信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied with your … 投诉信的结尾常用句式和套话 I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.I would like to have this matter settled by the end of …2、询问信 询问信的开头常用句式和套话 I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding/concerning … I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding … 询问信的结尾常用句式和套话 Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.I am looking forward to hearing from you.3、请求信 请求信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to seek for your assistance in … 请求信的结尾常用句式和套话 I would like to thank you for your generous help in this matter.4、道歉信 道歉信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to apologize for … I am writing to say sorry for … 道歉信的结尾常用句式和套话 I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.5、感谢信 感谢信的开头常用句式和套话 I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for … 感谢信的结尾常用句式和套话 I must thank you again for your generous help.6、建议信 建议信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to express my views concerning … You have asked me for my advice with regard to … and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.表达建议常用句式和套话 I feel that it would be beneficial if … I would like to suggest that … I would remend that … If I were you, I would … You may consider doing … It would seem to me that you could … As you may agree that … 建议信的结尾常用句式和套话 I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.7、求职信 求职信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress … 求职信的结尾常用句式和套话 Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to meeting you.If you need to know more about me, please contact me at …8、推荐信 推荐信的开头常用句式和套话 I would like to present … for your consideration in your search for a qualified manager.With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, remend … as an ideal candidate.推荐信的结尾常用句式和套话 Therefore, I don"t hesitate to remend … as the right person for your consideration.Any favorable consideration to this letter would be considered a personal favor.9、寻找失物信 寻找失物信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing this letter to see if it is possible for me to have my camera back.寻找失物信的结尾常用句式和套话 I would really appreciate it if you could …10、邀请信 邀请信的开头常用句式和套话 I am writing to invite you to … I wonder if you could e … 邀请信的结尾常用句式和套话 My family and I would feel honored if you could e.We would be looking forward to your participation in the party.I really hope you can make it.详细讲解详见参考书籍：《写作160篇》写作160篇：本书自出版以来，以“全面涵盖当年可考话题”为特点，创下了考研写作书中唯一一本连续五年命中原题的骄人记录，既是话题写作的开山之作，也是系统预测的最佳范本。 其核心价值体现在一个“全”字上，即基本上涵盖了当年考研写作的全部可考话题，使命中原题几乎成为一种必然。为了方便考生复习，本书结构作了如下安排：上篇按语言逻辑结构区分为：词汇层面、句式层面、段落层面。 结构清晰，层层递进，便于考生有计划地进行复习，也便于考生在考前进行即时记忆和背诵。中篇和下篇的范文按照重要程度细分为：经典必背30篇、重点预测50篇、熟悉浏览80篇。 对于每一篇范文，作者分别从[高分语言和结构点评][语言注释][高分佳句]和[写作思路]等多个角度进行深层次解析，以求考生在迅速提高语言功底的基础上能做到举一反三，灵活运用。 3. 英语作文（不少于50个单词） More and more people like outdoor sports now. For everyone wants to be healthy. So do I. My favourite sport is basketball. Although I am a girl, I like playing basketball very much. Now I"m in the school basketball team. I often play basketball after a day"s study. Whenever I play basketball with my friends , I feel very happy. Playing basketball is really exciting. But it is not easy to bee a good player. It needs a long time to practise. I enjoy basketball because it not only helps me build my body but also helps me make a lot of friends. I"m proud of being a basketball player。 4. 写英语作文 不少于80个单词 开头已经给出，我就不写了。 正文：Firstly, you should listen to your English class carefully. Because teachers can make you understand the key points. Secondly, why don"t you listen to some English songs and watch English films. Not only can it develope your interests of learning English, but also it is good for improving your listening skills. In addition, after watching the movie, you should try to repeat the story in your own words. I can remend a famous film. What about "Mr. Gump"? This film touched me very much. Also, there are many good sentences in this film. Finally, I hope my advice can help you make great progress in terms of English learning.。 5. 谁有写英语作文的万能句子 给一些 （千万不要有错单词） 谢谢了 你好！ 万能开头 1. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has bee a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 2. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People"s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 3. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 4. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。 它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has o sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 5. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It“s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today 万能中间段落 1. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another,______ 2. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____. 3. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______. 4. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。 首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country”s development and construction. First,______.What“s more, _____.Most important of all,______. 5. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。 总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______. 万能结尾 1. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。 然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…… But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______. 2. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______. 若满意，请采纳！有疑问，欢迎追问！谢谢。 6. 英语作文50个单词 My present On my elfth birthday party, I received lots of presents. Such as notebooks, pens, toys and so on. But my favorite is a black bike. It was given by my aunt. I like it very much because I think it is beautiful and useful. I can go to school by bike every day. 在我第12个生日那天，我收到了很多礼物，如：笔记本，钢笔，玩具等等。但我最喜欢一辆黑色的自行车。那是我姨送给我的。我非常喜欢那辆自行车，因为2很漂亮实用。我每天可以骑车去上学了。 祝你学习进步，更上一层楼，快乐每一天！（*^__^*） 7. 英语作文万能词组 be good at be late for be worried about be interested in be busy dong sthbe afraid of on one"s way to+地点7a64e59b9ee7ad9431333264623237 have a good time have a resthave sth done look after look over look like look the same look atlook+形容词 get ready for Get on/off get up get down get toturn on/off/up/down learn from *** do well in take away take *** to sptake sth with *** take one"s temperature take off give up doing pick upput up put down put on put sth+介词+地点 go away go on doing go intogo out of go back to go home go along make friends make one"s bed。 8. 根据要求写篇40个单词的英语作文 I often get up early,after eat the breakfast i take the bus to school. one time I"m up late .and very quite to wash my face and did"t eat the food .running faster than any other time .on the street .i see a taxi ing,i count my money and the end ,call the taxi . It cost me lots of money.but i"m still late. 大概意思就是 我一般起床的比较早，吃完饭后做公交车去学校。 一次我起晚了。洗完脸后，饭都没吃就飞奔出家门。 在路边数了数自己口袋里的钱，于是决定打的。 可是最后还是迟到了。 2. how can i get to school? This is a simple question to me because my apartment is just 5 miles from school. After took buses and walk there, i decided to change to another way, which is riding bicycles. This helps me practice my self and protect the environment as well. Now many of my friend decide to do the same as i do, be cause this is a nice world , and all our youth want to do something to make it better. 9. 想找几个英语作文万能开头语和结尾语要适用任何类型得作文 英语作文万能开头结尾1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。 也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that… 2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则” 一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。 而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。 否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。 考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1)first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3)the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10)for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！ 六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and， 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。 所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, noithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so） 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。 其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, 。 10. 求英语作文万能开头与结尾 开头 with the development of the modern society, more and more。 , some people hold that。, however, some others hold that。 ., in my view of point，。 .结尾 in sum, there is no denying the fact that。 only in this way can we 。 此格式最适用于写议论文了，呵呵 希望对你能有所帮助。

其实，托福写作有一个比较速成的练习 方法 ，就是使用托福写作模板来进行套用。为了帮助大家备考，下面我给大家带来托福写作模板：观点对比型，望喜欢！ 托福写作模板：观点对比型 使用托福写作模板套出来的 文章 出错率较小，逻辑上也不会有大的混乱，对一些没有很强驾驭能力的考生来说，托福写作模板是一个很有效的练习法宝，对于能力较强的人来说，也可以利用托福写作模板构架起自己独特的写作逻辑。 下面，我们就来看一个托福写作模板：观点对比型 Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you prefer—A or B? (1) No doubt, I choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages. But B on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages. The most important benefit of A is that___________________. To achieve the same effect, B will__________________. Another benefit of A, which B almost cannot achieve, is that___________________. Although B also has its seemingly profound advantages, it can only be achieved　conditionally　because______________________. After understanding the reasoning above, it is quite safe now to say: to choose A is a wise action. (2) Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, contradict A. Personally, I would prefer__________ because I think A has more advantages. There are numerous reasons why________, and I would here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that___________. It can be given a concrete example_____________. Another reason why I advocate the attitude of A is that___________. Take the case of a thing　that_______________. One very strong argument for A is that__________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that_____________________. Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, __________. But if all these factors are complicated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_________________. Some people believe that A while others consider B more appropriate. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support. (1) Some people believe that________________. Other people hold the opinion that_________. While both methods may have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances. Afterwards, I will explain my opinions about it. For A, ___________________. But this also demonstrates that______________. Moreover, _______________________. B, on the other hand, _______________. For example, ________________. In my opinion, the advantages of B are more than those of A because B fits me better in two ways: First, _________________. Second, ______________________. (2) A and B are two totally different ideas that have caused a heated debate for a long period. Anyway, I agree with the idea of A. However, it is unfair to say which is better than the other if we do not see both sides of the story in the following paragraphs. Some people believe B because______________. These people point out the fact that______________. They also argue that_______________________. However, other people stand on a very different ground, they believe that____________. They firmly point out that______________________. An example can give the details of this argument: ___________________. In addition, ____________________________. In a word, A is too temptating not to be chosen. A, as shown above, has________. 托福写作观点类话题写作语料库：家庭聚餐是否依然重要 It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays. 和家人有规则地聚餐已经不再那样重要，是否认同? 作家立场：和家人有规律地聚餐依然非常重要。 【思路拓展】家庭聚餐的利好 1. 增强家庭纽带，和谐家庭关系，为家人交流创造更多的机会。 2. 家庭聚餐更加健康，更加经济。相反，经常外出吃饭不仅仅不健康，而且增加经济负担。 3. 父母一起买菜做饭是一种生活情趣，为子女做出榜样，家庭聚餐可以提高家人厨艺。 【薛鹏原创语料库】 1. strengthen the family tie v增强家庭纽带 2. harmonize the family relationship v和谐家庭关系 3. set a fine learning example for their children v为孩子们树立榜样 4. impose much pressure upon a family economically v增加家庭的经济负担 5. add financial burden to a family v增加家庭的经济负担 6. improve one"s cuisine v提高厨艺 【解析】cuisine = cooking skill n厨艺 7. eat out v 外出吃饭 【拓展】eat out for a change 出去吃饭，换换口味 8. create splendid opportunities for family communication v 为家庭交流创造美好机会 9. enjoy the happiness of family reunion v享受家庭团聚的乐趣 10. family meal is, comparatively speaking, more economical v家庭聚餐相比较而言，更加经济。 托福写作观点类话题写作语料库：专业人士是否应该比文体明星更加高薪 【社会类】专业人士是否应该比文体明星更加高薪 Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers make greater contribution. So they should be paid more than those sport and entertainment persons. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 有人认为专业人士应该比文体明星高薪，是否认同? 【作家立场】 对比文体明星， 专业人士(医生， 教育 者，武警等)更有高薪的理由。 【头脑风暴】一个人的薪水应该和其能力及对于社会做出的贡献成正比，职业背景并非最关键的因素。无论文体明星还是专业人士，都有高薪的理由。然而，贫富差距加大，拜金主义盛行的重要的原因之一就是文体明星的惊人薪水。形成对比是，很多专业人士付出的辛苦更多，做出的社会贡献更大，薪水反而相对较低。因此，专业人士更有高薪的理由。 托福写作观点类话题写作语料库：高薪工作和均薪工作 【观点类】 Which would you choose: a higher pay job with long hours or an average pay job with normal work hours? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details 你喜欢何种工作，高薪时间长的工作还是均薪时间短的工作? (2016年7月9日) 【相关题目】 A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 低薪假期多的工作比高薪假期少的工作好，是否同意? (2009年2月27日 ) 【头脑风暴】 苦才是人生，痛才是经历，累才是工作，变才是命运。没有一个生命是准备屈服的，有谁，愿躲在避风的港口，宁愿，波涛汹涌的生活。人，有时候，不是怕忙，而是怕闲。辛苦工作赚到的钱，对于人生的积极影响也是无穷的。 【写作立场】 对比均薪工时短的工作，我更喜欢高薪工时长的工作。 【思路拓展】 高效但工作时间长的工作的利好： ① 工作是生活的重要组成部分，因此也是幸福的源泉，很多人将自己的成就感和薪水的高低联系到一起。薪水高意味企业重视自己，意味着自我价值的证明，因此，获得职业成就感和自豪感的机会就多。 ② 经管可能休闲的时间减少，但是，高薪可以给家人带来更加幸福的生活。具体而言，改善居住环境，子女接受精英教育，家人的医疗有保障，这些也是幸福的源泉。 ③ 工作着是美丽的，因为人有时候不是怕忙，而是怕闲，工作，通过有建设地利用了时间，使人心满意足，再也没有无聊之感。因此，世界上即使是最枯燥的工作，也比无所事事要强。 均薪但工作时间正常的工作的利好： 工作仅仅是生活的一部分，以牺牲健康管理或家庭生活为代价去博取金钱，得不偿失，努力工作是为了更好地生活，但是，生活的意义不仅在于工作赚钱。 尽管有良好的经济回报，但是，过度工作可能会使人身心疲惫，产生职业倦怠。一张一弛，劳逸结合，才能更好地享受工作带来的乐趣。 【小鹏哥语料库】 1. a handsomely paid job with less leisure hours 高薪但休闲时间短的工作 2. a career with meager salary but normal working time 低薪但工时正常的工作 3. One of the traits of modern way of working is that people enjoy more freedom and flexibility in selecting their favorite jobs. 现代择业方式的重要特征之一就是人们在选择自己喜欢的事业方面更加自由、灵活。 【解析】One of the traits of……is that …… 的最重要的特征之一就是…… 4. It often happens that modern job-seekers often fall into a dilemma when faced with the option of choosing a handsomely paid job with long working hours or opting for a career with meager salary but normal working time. 求职者常常陷入两难的困境，是选择高薪工时长的工作好，还是低薪工时正常的工作好。 5. When it comes to the issue that whether people shall take up painstaking job with comfortable salary or the counterpart that could provide them common salary but more freedom, there never lacks debates and arguments. 当提及到是应该选择辛苦而高薪工作，还是正常薪水但更多自由的工作的时候，人们常常争议不断。 6. I prefer to secure a well-paying job even though I may have less time at my disposal. 我喜欢高薪的工作，尽管我的自由时间可能减少。 7. Making large sums of money could improve my quality of life 挣到很多的钱可以提高我的生活质量 8. For example, my child can receive fine education with high quality，which can considered as a significant reward of my hard work. 例如，我的孩子可以接受精英教育, 这就是我努力工作的重要回报。 9. Comfortable salary is the guarantee of my life，I can smell the flowers when aging 高薪是我人生的保障，老年的时候，我可以偷得余生半日闲。 10. to take a few days off in luxurious seaside resorts when vacation comes 假期来临，在海边的奢华度假胜地享受生活 11. take their salary as an indication of happiness 把薪水当成是幸福的一种象征 12. a job with meager salary = have a low-paid job 低薪的工作 13. enjoy more freedom = have more time at one"s own disposal 有更多的自由 14. enjoy the flexibility of work 享受工作的灵活 【拓展】have a flexible working time 有更加灵活的工作时间 15. In spite of alluring economic remuneration, excessive work might make one generate job burnout and thus bring tiredness to both mind and body. Conversely, to strike a proper balance between rest and work can enable one to enjoy more pleasure brought about by work. 尽管有良好的经济回报，但是，过度工作可能会使人身心疲惫，产生职业倦怠。一张一弛，劳逸结合，才能更好地享受工作带来的乐趣。 16. have more time that could be allocated to their families，friends or hobbies 有更多的时间留给家庭，朋友和 爱好 17. A well-paid career indicates high social status，which could earn respect from others. Some top stars or financially richer business leaders could serve as perfect examples. 高薪工作意味社会地位高，也赢得他人的尊敬，明星和企业家就是很好的例证。 18. Working, by occupying time constructively, makes one contented and with no time for boredom. 工作，有建设性地利用时间，使人心满意足，再也没有无聊之感。 19. A busy life is what every individual aspires after. 人人渴望充实的生活。 20. Provided workload is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work in this world is less painful than idleness. 假如工作不是过量的话，即使这个世界上最枯燥的工作，也比无所事事要强。

1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在 市场 上为 那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化 其收 入效 用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么 应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商 能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多 的消 费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权， 也指其他一些特定的权利， 如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单 位) 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最 高，这样就能相应地做出人 员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找 到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. [参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电 力设施到牛奶处理厂，都 通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的 服务。 7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. [参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能， 他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. [参考译文] 在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的 情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多 特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。 9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. [参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国 内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格 提供出口变得可能。 10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. [参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广 告商敢于推销一种商 品却不能兑现其在广告中的。 11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention. [参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不 可能达到的，也是非 常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样 的细节都会具有微妙的说 服意味， 那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人 会关注它。 12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts. [参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外 国人一 一这些都是那 些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。 13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. [参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展 的家庭关系，非正式的 信息 流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得 可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。 14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. [参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与 他／她的特定问题相关 的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令 人难以招 。 15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. [参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论 的问题能够得到解决， 同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个 遥远的开会地点。 16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. [参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结 构，在这个结构里面善于 竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜 一筹。 17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. [参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教 育、经 验和其他资 格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联 的方式被展示出来。 18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. [参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来， 至少目前 会这样，但是 它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国 上下 的讨论话题。 19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. [参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人 一包括普通的听 众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。 20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. [参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术 要求， 并且它(这种变 化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 创业者之后的 第二代和第三代人 ( 领导公 司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些 家族公 司的财富。 21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. [参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数 量和他们作为一个阶级 的重要 性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一 个 因素，这种财富不但远离了土 地和土 地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与 公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management. [参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多 的"舒 适"阶级提供居住 场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了 分红和偶尔参加一 下股东大会，向管理层 口授一下自己的命令之外，跟 社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。 23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. [参考译文] 这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想 和需 求一无所知，而 且他们 对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。 24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. [参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接， 但是就连 他对工人们也 没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消 失的古 老家族公司的那种更加家 长式的制度下 的雇主们却常常对他们的工 人有 这样的私人关系。 25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country"s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological. [参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教 育：欢 迎新技术 的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在 对 那些技术性事物的非 言语的、"空 间性的"思考方面的天赋。 26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist". [参考译文] 正如尤金u2022弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被 简化成 能被清楚的语言 描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉 的、 非语言表述的过程宋处理 的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中 装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。" 27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea". [参考译文] 罗伯特u2022法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、 楔子、 轮子等等当中，就 像 一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看 成 自己思想的展示，在这样的 展示中，每种新的次 序安排都传达了--种新 的思想。" 28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. [参考译文] 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。 他描述了他 们的活动和战 术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁； 熟悉的人来 说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不 快的诧 异。 29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. [参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬u2022杰伊u2022古尔德写道： "这本书本 身就代表 理性。"而它 确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造 论／地化 论之间的辩论中的惟一 评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。 30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia"s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. [参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利 亚北 部地区成了世界 上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法 *。 31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. [参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导 生命之 权的团体和澳大利 亚医 学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通 过 过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。 32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. [参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度， 这 些因素都在发挥作用 一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。 33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. [参考译文] 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者， 和没有 礼貌的出租车司机 也 并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见， 这 使得它值得被讨论一下。

Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演论) that "there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" (译事三难：信达雅). He did not set them as general standards for translation and did not say that they were independent of each other. However, since the publication of that work, the phrase "faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" has been attributed to Yan Fu as a standard for any good translation and has become a cliché in Chinese academic circles, giving rise to numerous debates and theses. Some scholars argue that this dictum actually derived from Scottish theoretician of translation, Alexander Fraser Tytler.Though Yan Fu"s classical prose did its best to meet the standards of "faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance", there were those who criticized his works for not being accessible to the younger generations. In particular, a famous liberal from the May Fourth Movement Cai Yuanpei in an article written in 1924 said Yan Fu"s translations "seem to be old-fashioned and his literary style is difficult to comprehend, but the standard with which he selected books and the way he translated them are very admirable even today". Other critiques of his work arose as Chinese scholars became more aware of Western learning.

39. When it was his turn to take the test, the author went to his car with- c. increased nervousness 轮到他去考试时，作者走向自己的车--越来越紧张。40. The passage is mainly about- B . the feelings of a learner before his driving test 短文主要关于--一个学员在驾照考试前的感觉。Passage 15 The resources of the library can be helpful even when we are doing something very informal, such as trying to devise a better way to measure attitudes toward music or looking for a better way to teach mathematics. 当我们想做些闲散事情时，比如想更好的欣赏音乐，或要找个更好的教数学的办法，这时候才能意识到图书馆资源的重要性。The library can be equally helpftll when we are doing something very formal， such as writing a dissertation （学位论文） chapter will describe the special services that enable us to locate such information. 当想做点正式的事情时图书馆也同样会很重要，比如写学位论文时。目录会提供给我们特别的服务，让我们查找信息。41. The library resources can be helpful when we- D. All of the above 当--时，图书馆会很重要以上所有。42. The familiarity of readers with different resources- C. differs greatly 读者对不同资源的精通程度--差别很大。43. The author believes that- A. library resources should be used fluently and completely 作者相信-图书馆资源应该通畅，完整。44. When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues, they often- D. make use of some library services 当教育者想与同事分享一些信息事，他们常--利用图书馆的服务。45. The chapter in question- C. introduces some library services 图书馆的目录--介绍了一些图书馆的服务。Passage l6 Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man ……and Adams, he never reached Europe. 一个年轻人所保存的华盛顿的一些笔记..亚当斯从来没有到过欧洲。31. Why didn"t Washington go to college? D. The author doesn"t give any reason. 华盛顿为何没去上大学？作者没说什么理由。32. Washington Belt uncomfortable debates because he- B. felt his education was not good enough 华盛顿在辩论中觉得不舒服，因为--他觉得自己的教育程度不够好。33.The reason why Washington didn"t visit France was probably that he- C. couldn"t communicate directly with the French leaders 华盛顿不去法国的原因可能是--不能直接与法国领导交流。34. According to the author, - A. Washington"s lack of formal education placed him at a disadvantage in later life 根据作者观点--华盛顿在正式教育方面的匮乏成了他晚年的一个弱点。35. The main idea of the passage is that Washington"s education- D. was rather limited for a president 这篇短文的主要观点是华盛顿的教育--作为一个总统相当受局限。Passage 17 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon liBe as a process of getting.……We usually get nothing but complaints." 像很多人一样，我把生活看作一种索取的过程..我们通常除了抱怨什么也得不到。36. From the passage, we understand that- A. the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties 从这个短文，我们知道--三十岁末以前，作者不知道付出的重要性。37, According to the author- C. you don"t have to be rich in order to give 根据作者意思--你不富裕也同样可以付出。38. The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper- B. in person 作者会向店主建议--私下里。39. When the author needed a post-office box, - C. many people had applied for post-office boxes before him 当作者需要个邮箱时--已经有很多人在他之前申请了。40. In reply to the postmaster"s question, the author said-为了回答邮政女局长的问题，作者说--

阅读理解：观点态度题解析 　　想要学好考研英语怎么能不知道观点态度阅读题的做题方法呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。 　　考研英语阅读理解观点态度题主要考查的是考生对作者的意图、观点或态度的理解和把握。这种题型要求考生把握作者写作某篇文章的目的，明白作者对文章所论述的观点和中心所持的态度。考研英语试卷对这一部分的考查主要表现为情感态度题。该题型常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观(subjective)还是客观(objective);肯定(positive)还是否定(negative);赞成(approval)还是反对(opposition)等等。 　　这种题目对考生而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为命题专家是针对整篇文章设问，考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，所以要把握整篇文章。例如作者在谈一件事时是 用反讽的口气，还是赞成的语气，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找信息。特别 提醒考生要牢记所遇到的构成作者态度题选项的每一个形容词。做文章作者态度题时，千万不要把考生自己的态度揉进文章中，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作 者引用的观点态度。 　　理解作者的意图、观点和态度是近几年考试的热点题目，考生在做此类题时要把握这样的判断原则：既纵观全文，掌握主题思想有要注意文章的措辞，把握文章的基调或主旨(tenor)，又要分清文章的`话语范围(field)及话语方式(mode)。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成。若用贬义词，显然是反对。若是客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来，因此but一词至关重要(还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。 　 　该题型常见的提问形式有： 　　(1)The tone of the passage can best be described as ____ 　　(2)The tone of the passage would be _____ 　　(3)Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage____ 　　(4)What is the attitude of the author towards____ 　　(5)How does the writer feel about______ 　　(6) The writer is of the opinion that_____ 　　(7)The author seems to be _____ 　　情感和态度在考研中大致可分为三类：happy/ unhappy; security/insecurity; satisfaction 　　dissatisfaction, 它们作为标记语反映出作者对某个现象采取的姿态，并从情感的角度评价该现象。因此，考生既要依靠文章的中心思想作为前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是作为修饰语的形容词。我们以2003年的阅读Text 4为例具体说明这一点： 　　Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people inJapanandSweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peopleu2019s lives. 　　59. In contras to theU.S.,JapanandSwedenare funding their medical care . 　　[A] more flexibly 　　[B] more extravagantly 　　[C] more cautiously 　　[D] more reasonably 　　作者用limits, ineffective, painful这些消极的词语暗示了美国医疗卫生系统的缺憾，通过把握这些词语，我们就能得出D为正确选项。所以我们对语言的理解是有一定差异的，又如尼克松签订1972年公报时，对“一个中国”原则，他手下的修辞专家用了acknowledge 而不用recognize。因为后者是正式的，外交的，打心底里的承认，而前者是一种模糊，对某种既成事实的有限度接受，但在中文里出现的就是我们理解的“承认”。 　　可见考生在平时的单词理解中要结合不同的语境，不同的文章体裁，综合地认知寓意，才能透彻地理解作者的意图。 　　另外，判断作者情感态度除了关注作者的措辞，还要可以通过关注作者的举例角度和讲解角度，来判断文章作者的态度倾向：如果作者的一直论述某事物的积极地向上 的方面，其态度基本上是积极乐观的;如果作者举例论证某观点时，给的例子是正面的，那么我们同样可以判断作者的态度是积极乐观的;如果作者的论述有好有 坏，举例有正面有反面，我基本上可以判断作者的态度是客观的。同样，我们通过具体的真题案例进一步解释这一点。 　　 再例1997年第54题: 　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australiau2019s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groupu2019s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnu2019t just something that happened inAustralia. Itu2019s world history.” 　　The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. InAustralia-- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. 　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Iu2019m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Iu2019d go, because Iu2019ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says. 　　54. The authoru2019s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________. 　　[A] opposition 　　[B] suspicion 　　[C] approval 　　[D] indifference 　　我们通过阅读该文，不难发现文章首段记述了安乐死法案通过以及当时在全球引起的反响，首段作者使用“it is world history”， 来表达他对该事件的态度，认为它意义重大;紧接着在第二段，作者首先讨论世人对此态度不一，但是作者通过转折，指出这个潮流不太可能被逆转了。第三段，作 者用一个肺癌病人为例，该病人认为安乐死法案的通过意味着自己可以平静地度过最后的时光，不用担心临死前要遭受的折磨。很明显这个事例是认识安乐死法案的 通过是一件好事。那么文章就作者的态度命题，答案肯定是approval。 ;

Title: The Most Impressive ClassIntroduction:Throughout my academic journey, I have attended numerous classes that have left a lasting impact on me. However, one particular class stands out as the most memorable and impressive. In this essay, I would like to share my experience of the most impressive class I have ever had.Body:1. Subject and Teacher:The class I am referring to was an English literature class taught by Mr. Johnson. It was an elective course, and I had heard great things about Mr. Johnson"s teaching style and passion for literature.2. Engaging Teaching Methods:What made this class so remarkable was Mr. Johnson"s unique teaching methods. He didn"t simply lecture; instead, he encouraged active participation and critical thinking. He incorporated multimedia presentations, group discussions, and interactive activities to make the class engaging and enjoyable.3. Analyzing Literary Masterpieces:In this class, we studied renowned literary works, such as "To Kill a Mockingbird" and "Pride and Prejudice." Mr. Johnson skillfully guided us through the analysis of complex themes, character development, and the historical context of each work. He encouraged us to express our opinions and supported us in developing our analytical skills.4. Thought-Provoking Discussions:One of the highlights of the class was the thought-provoking discussions. Mr. Johnson created a safe and inclusive environment where every student felt comfortable expressing their thoughts and engaging in healthy debates. These discussions broadened our perspectives and challenged us to think critically about the underlying messages in the literature we studied.5. Inspiring Love for Literature:Mr. Johnson"s passion for literature was contagious. His enthusiasm and deep knowledge of the subject inspired us to appreciate the beauty of language, symbolism, and storytelling. He encouraged us to explore beyond the prescribed syllabus and introduced us to additional works and authors, sparking our curiosity to explore literature further.6. Lasting Impact:The most impressive aspect of this class was its lasting impact on me. It not only improved my understanding of literature but also fostered my critical thinking, communication, and appreciation for diverse viewpoints. The skills and insights gained in that class have influenced my academic pursuits and personal growth.Conclusion:In conclusion, the most impressive class I have ever had was an English literature class taught by Mr. Johnson. His engaging teaching methods, thought-provoking discussions, and inspiring love for literature created a memorable and transformative learning experience. This class not only enhanced my understanding of literature but also nurtured important skills that have stayed with me. I am grateful for the opportunity to have had such an exceptional teacher and class that left an indelible mark on my academic journey.

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1. 英语写作文时常用短语 of course! Guess what? No problem! Time is up. Let me see. That"s all! Be careful! Watch out! Don"t worry. I love you! what about you? Can I help you? You"re wele. I don"t mean it. I have a good idea! See you! How mach? What a nice day it is! Is it yours? Try again. So do I. Follow me. This way. I see. My god! Me too. No way! Come on. Hold on. 其实网上很多的 2. 英语作文常用短语 1.表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that。 6)We have good reason to believe that。例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people"s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。 如：Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.例如：Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmful to us.例如：However,everything divides into o.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for *** .to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.例如：Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon, puters will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that puters are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overe(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is being more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world"s munications.3)The puter has brought about many changes in education.例如：Some changes have taken place in people"s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that。 2)No one can deny the fact that。3)There is no denying the fact that。 4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However,that"s not the case.例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.8.表示比较1)Compared with A,B。2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking contrast beeen them.例如：Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people"s health by giving them due physical exercise.9.表示数量1)It has increased(decreased)from。 to。2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% pared with that of January.例如：With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people"s ine spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.再如：From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of puters has increased from an average of less than o hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.10.表示看法1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.2)People have different opinions on this problem.3)People take different views of(on)the question.4)Some people believe that。 Others argue that。例如：People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have 。 3. 英语作文中常用的词组 一） 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…，neither…nor, or, as well as…， and, both…and…。 （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …，because of, due to …，owing to, thanks to等。 （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first(second…)time, the minute等。 （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。 （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等。 （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what"s worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。 （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。 （三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what"s more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what"s worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what"s more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上。 4. 初中写英语作文时常用的一些短语 l"m…… you"re…… how…… what"s…… 句型很多，不太好说.我主要说说词组好了.有一些连接词都是常用的，如： However,therefore,in that case,in one word,believe it or not,as we all know,as a result,as the result of,because of,in the end,at the beginning,on the other hand,what"s more,worse still,above all, in brief. 还有就是表示层次的，让文章更有条理.如： first ,firstly , to begin with , further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with , still, furthermore third,thirdly , what is more, last , last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides ,in addtion ,finally 差不多了吧？？。。。。。。。。。。 5. 英语作文常用的短语有哪些 1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2.国民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people"s living standard 3.先进的科学技巧 advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机会和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们广泛认为 It is monly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了普遍的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否定 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others… 13.就我而言/就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to… 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外 …be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far oueigh the disadvantages。 23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.庞杂的社会现象 a plicated social phenomenon 25.责任感 /成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.竞争与合作精神 sense of petition and cooperation 27.开阔眼界 widen one"s horizon/ broaden one"s vision 28.学习知识和技巧 acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration 31.从另一个角度 from another perspective 32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33.对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to… 34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基本 lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质 prehensive quality 37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/投身于 be mitted / devoted to… 40.应当承认 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty 42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of… 43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 45.因特网 the Inter （一定要由冠词，字母I大写） 46.便利快捷 convenient and efficient 47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 48.环保（的） environmental protection / environmentally friendly 49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology 51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion 53.有/供给如下理由/证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56.…必然趋势 an irresistible trend of… 57.日益剧烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social petition 58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 59.长远利益. interest in the long run 60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one"s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。 63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/情感/信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of … 66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth。 67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of… 68.有利有弊 Every coin has its o sides。 No garden without weeds。 69.对…观点因人而异 Views on…vary from person to person。 70.重视 attach great importance to… 71.社会位置 social status 72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on… 73.扩大知识面 expand one"s scope of knowledge 74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally 75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 76.提出折中提议 set forth a promise proposal 77.可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78.缓解压力/减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden 79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。 80.与…比较 pared with…/ in parison with 81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary。 82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of 83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer *** ysis / cannot hold water 84.供给就业。 6. 跪求写英语作文常用到的句式和短语 常用句型 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying……It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today， …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， …… Second，……What makes things worse is that……. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，

1. 英语作文常用的长句子 一. 总结句型 1) 。in general/above all/with the result that/as a result/consequently, 。 2) As far as I am concerned/as for me, 。 3) This truth above seems to be self-evident. 4) Whether we examine the 。above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone. 5) In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B. 6) I still prefer A, however, for they teach me not only to be 。but also to be。 ,both in 。and in。. 7) There is no doubt that。 8) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to。 9) To a large extent, 。, therefore, reflects。 10) If all above mentioned measures are achieved, 。 11) Wherever you are and whatever you do, 。is always meaningful. 12) So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it. 13) Now, which one do you prefer-----the one。or the one。? Were it left to me to select, I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter. 还有更多，在英语风 2. 求英语作文一篇,越长越好就是写喜欢城市还是乡村,还要有理由, City is a double-edged sword.The modern city"s business and cultural attributes,on the one hand it watered down the door first,family constraints,people gained more freedom,equality and democracy;,but on the other hand,urban people,particularly in large cities people,people"s values more inclined to rational and practical technology.Commercial principle is the principle of profit-driven,mercial relationships are basically the city"s interests,relationships change and the transfer of the criteria of interest and money.Friendly *** iling faces the villages in the city became distant and vague.As a result,people also felt the city would clearly cruel and fickle.The city"s many modern facilities and global contacts,not only provides the play gives people many opportunities for creative talent,but also man bundled with the machine of society on the rapid rotation of the gear can not extricate themselves,while the mental and physical fatigue,apathetic.Now is the urbanization,many people flock to cities,rural people are rushing round their city dreams,to be a city people.Villages have bee scattered up,and even some are held.May be,I was a bit on the rebellious times,even in such a prosperous city,I also difficult to convince their own rebellious heart.Looked at the photos bird"s-eye view of Manhattan,New York,which people admire the great human beings of the forest,just makes me think of desert ants on the nest.I do not like cities,mainly because the city"s air - a group rich in carbon dioxide,with the development of civilization of the heat,dust and gas molecules in the mixture.It is my first impression of the city,but also the most profound impression on him.Men and women,the elderly and children,just born and will be the death of a total of several tens of millions of the total lung during breathing of oxygen in this little tiny place on the air.This clemency of the oxygen to go through the nostril filtering machine,car butt bapti *** .I humble cheap,non-Xian Qi Fu Xiaoshou this civilization.I prefer the wild air in to clean my lungs.The city"s air is hot,is a multi-dust.Heat is because urban people,enthusiastic,vigorous debates,which contain all sorts of people,a variety of ideologies,a variety of attitudes 。 much dust,so city inside,people do not see any clear the other side,it is also with urban people,mixed with the fan plex.Rural air and the city is just the opposite,it is cold,clear,and pure people"s face is clear.I was lonely and scared like the lonely people.Therefore,I can not always stay in the city or the total stay in villages.However,I stay in their time or difference is there.I spend half an hour,pacing like a big tree-lined trails,while With just three minutes to pass through the same market.Be in the prosperous cities are not necessarily lonely,a place where people gather there is loneliness.I always feel a lonely exile.Like an abandoned dog that does not go back to Pakistan focus on looking forward to the masters,like the sozzled poet lying on the wreck down and sigh away the o sides.Fortunate to have a bosom friend good friend of salvation,and life on the road something of a harbor.To the bustling city to see in Taipei,in the quiet rural Thoughts 这是写更喜欢乡村的。 3. 求英语作文中写得好,可以经长用的句子, 1.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having a chance to broaden my horizons. 2.Further interest is evinced by the Confucian study programmes springing up like mushrooms all over the Chinese education system. 3.Although no definite answer has yet been found,our hopes show no sign offading out on account of our frustrations. 4.At any rate,you should know better than to disturb others for the sake of your own interest. 5.Everyone is eager to cherish the momory of student days. 6.It is not what you say but what you do that counts/matters. 7.You are no better than anyone,you are no worse than anyone,you are just like anyone. 8.No matter the ending is perfect or not,you cannot disappear from my world. 4. 英语作文优美的句子 Never frown,even when you are sad,because you never know who is falling in love with your *** ile. 纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知道是谁会爱上你的笑容。 Don`t waste your time on a man/woman ,who isn`t willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的人而浪费你的时间. Just because someone doesn`t love you the way you want them to,doesn`t mean they don`t love you with all they have. 爱你的人如果没有按你所希望的方式来爱你，那比能够不代表他们没有全心全意地爱你. Don`t cry because it is over, *** ile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣.微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有. And forever has no end. 永永远远，永无止境. Life is a pure flame,and we live by an invisible sun within us. 生命是一束纯净的火焰，我们依靠自己内心看不见的太阳而存在. 5. 求写一篇长长的英语作文 您好，如下 I often heard my father talk about the UFO story when I was a child, so I often lie on my own spare place which in front of the door .I looked at the sky,looking forward to your ig.There are a lot of your story on the earth, and people do not believe it, but I am sure that you exist in the world.Now,we have a spaceship and want to get in touch you to make up a friendly relation.I alway think that which pla do you live ? What you look like?What is the difference with us ? Is it has mountains, water, trees ? What do you eat? Does your spacecraft to fly faster ? Can we make a friend? I really want to visit your pla. Looking forward to your replay. 开头和结尾您说不需要写了。。 【幸福】。 希望可以帮到您，祝您国庆愉快！ ╥﹏╥ 很高兴为您解答 6. 【英语作文帮忙写下（10句话左右）不要太长的句子自我介绍的、询问 自我介绍Hi, boys and girls, good morning, it is my plearsure to take this change to introduce myself, my name is ***, i am 10 years old. About my family, there are 4 people in my family, father, mother, brother and me, my father and mother are all very kind, wele you to visit my family if you have time！询问东西 有好多 不知道你是想询问哪方面 询问有问路 等等 请你追问 我给你回复失物招领Dear residents,I am [您的名字]， a resident of [您的住区]. I am writing to appeal to anyone who has seen my watch which looks perfectly fine in pink colour. It is newly bought on 12 December 2010 in XXX Shopping Centre, and unfortunately I have lost it on my way back home along Flora Road.I believe that I left it on the bench along Flora Road, however it was too late when I tried to get it back. The search failed and I hope anyone who has ever seen or taken my watch will provide information or return it to me. My contact number is XXXXXXX. Rewards are prepared.Thank you for your kindness._____________，您的名字。 7. 写不好英语作文发现自己写的英语作文很菜,使用的句子过于简单化, 我高二啦..英语还好吧。 其实作文呢，我们老师说要用上好句子..背句子没用吧，最好背词组，这样简单一点.我每次考试都会用上最近看到的或者书上的一些“高级”词组另外不是句子越长越好，最后总要的还是掌握好并灵活应用学过的词组~要学会用上高级的或者不一般的句子，比如表示观点吧，不要用i think，可以说on my personal note之类的..在连接前后句子时候，我会用what"s more,in addition to 之类的..要想作文写好，还要把开头结尾写好，最好用一点从句什么的，倒装句子也是不错的选择.不过要选自己得心应手的用嘿嘿..。

范本一：My favorite club is the music club. I love listening to music and playing instruments. Joining the music club allows me to express myself through music and learn from other talented musicians.我最喜欢的社团是音乐社。我喜欢听音乐和弹奏乐器。参加音乐社让我可以通过音乐表达自己，并从其他有才华的音乐家中学习。In the music club, we have regular practice sessions where we rehearse for upcoming performances. We also have opportunities to perform at school events such as talent shows and concerts. It"s always a thrill to perform in front of an audience and see their reactions.在音乐社，我们有定期的练习时间，为即将到来的演出排练。我们也有机会在学校活动中表演，比如才艺展示和音乐会。在观众面前表演并看到他们的反应总是令人兴奋的。I also enjoy the camaraderie in the music club. Everyone is supportive and encourages each other to improve. We share our knowledge and skills with one another and help each other overcome challenges.我也喜欢音乐社的同志情谊。每个人都互相支持，鼓励彼此进步。我们分享彼此的知识和技能，并帮助彼此克服困难。Overall, being a part of the music club has been a great experience for me. It has allowed me to pursue my passion for music and make new friends who share the same interests.总的来说，参加音乐社对我来说是一个很棒的经历。它让我追求我的音乐梦想，并结交了和我有相同兴趣的新朋友。范本二：My favorite club is the English club. As an English learner, joining the English club gives me a chance to practice speaking, reading and writing in English.我最喜欢的社团是英语俱乐部。作为一名英语学习者，参加英语俱乐部给了我一个练习口语、阅读和写作的机会。In the English club, we have various activities such as debates, discussions, games, and movie nights. We also have native English speakers come to our club to share their experiences and give us tips on how to improve our English skills.在英语俱乐部中，我们有各种活动，如辩论、讨论、游戏和电影之夜。我们也有母语为英语的人来到我们的俱乐部，分享他们的经验，并给我们提供提高英语技能的建议。I love the atmosphere in the English club because everyone is eager to learn and improve their English. We all help each other and encourage each other to keep going.我喜欢英语俱乐部的氛围，因为每个人都渴望学习和提高英语水平。我们互相帮助，鼓励彼此继续前进。Joining the English club has not only helped me improve my English skills but also allowed me to make new friends who share the same interest in learning English.参加英语俱乐部不仅帮助我提高了英语技能，还让我结交了和我有相同兴趣的新朋友。Overall, the English club has been a great experience for me and I am grateful for the opportunity to be a part of it.总的来说，英语俱乐部对我来说是一个很棒的经历，我非常感激有机会成为其中一员。

它是Erffa的丰田公司为响应日产埃尔格兰而开发的豪华MPV，采用普瑞维亚底盘进行改进。第一代Erffa诞生于2002年，搭载2.4升和3.0升发动机，基本上都可以搭载四驱系统。2008年，Erffa进行了升级。为了对抗宿敌埃尔格兰，丰田还推出了姊妹车Vellfire，主打年轻运动风，但相比埃尔格兰略显保守。Erffa比同平台的Previa大，但与奔驰r和别克GL8相比，其车身长度还是有些不足，只能与奥德赛媲美。Erffa为了打造七人的充裕空间，需达到相应的长度，这是一件绝非易事。所以，Erffa无与伦比的车身高度起到了最重要的作用。

中国水平仪十大名牌排行榜是博世电动工具、莱赛激光、Fukuda、田岛工具、开普路、福禄克、东成、德力西电气、优利德和石井（数据来自Maigoo）。水平仪是一种测量小角度的常用量具。在机械行业和仪表制造中，用于测量相对于水平位置的倾斜角、机床类设备导轨的平面度和直线度、设备安装的水平位置和垂直位置等。使用水平仪应先行检查，先将水平仪放在平板上，读取气泡的刻度大小，然后将水平仪反转置于同一位置，再读取其刻度大小，若读数相同，即表示水平仪底座与气泡管相互间的关系是正确的。否则，需用微调螺丝调整直到读数完全相同，才可作测量工作。以下内容供：/www.maigoo.com/best/15349.html\">Maigoo" 别墅大师为你提供当地建房政策，建房图纸，别墅设计图纸;别墅外观效果图服务，千款爆红图纸任你选：https://www.bieshu.com?bdfc

1和7。埃尔法顶上的数字是1和7。埃尔法（Alphard）是丰田应对日产Elgrand而开发的豪华MPV，采用了Previa的底盘加以改进而成。

名字：福田吉兆 Kicchou Fukuda（福田 吉兆（ふくだ きっちょう） 声优：石川英郎号码：13号位置：大前锋身高：188cm 体重：80kg年级：二年级绰号：臭阿福（樱木叫的） 在过去他只能在外面的篮球场练习，因为自尊心很强所以无法忍受田冈教练的训斥而攻击教练，没有参加对湘北的练习赛。他的目标是在进攻时称为仙道的搭档，他有很高的射篮技术，拥有卓越的进攻能力，但防守能力却相当差劣。视仙道彰为劲敌。但防御能力薄弱。 他也对樱木花道的能力感兴趣，在比赛时是他的对手。 　　福田在一年级加入陵南高中篮球部时，是一个初学者。曾经不自量力地挑战队中的中锋鱼住纯。可是，田冈教练却看出福田是可造之材，因此对他的训练特别严苛，而且经常把他骂得狗血淋头。可是因此伤害了福田的自尊心，导致在一次比赛中伤害教练。因此，福田被陵南勒令退队。 　　不能代表陵南期间，福田一直渴望打篮球、比赛，那怕是有一个球场可以让他投篮、灌篮(在故事中，当时的日本没有太多街头篮球场)。因此，福田后来回归陵南篮球部，他对胜利的执著、专注力及为球队带来的士气，都是队中最强的。 　　他爱向对手挑战的古怪性格始终不变，曾对樱木花道挑战。虽然在进攻中战胜过樱木，可是篮板球及在关键时刻的破坏力，却被樱木比下去。在终场结束前9秒成功的阻挡了赤木的跳投，就在球弹出篮框准备抢篮板时，却被樱木以“再见灌篮”结束。 　　虽然福田的过关斩将能力极高，可是其中距离跳投却相对地逊色，这一点被防守他的三井寿看穿，导致球队一度被湘北抛离比分。 百度百科： http://baike.baidu.com/view/523130.htm

首先，要确保电话和电视连接到同一局域网。其次，一定要打开电视，进入系统设置界面，在一般设置界面下发现互动功能，更多的按下确认按钮进入，将会显示更多的互动开放，使电视连接状态，然后，在你的手机上下载并安装应用程序或其他多屏交互软件。埃尔法Alphard是丰田应对日产Elgrand而开发的豪华MPV，采用了Previa的底盘加以改进而成。第一代埃尔法于2002年诞生，动力有2.4升和3.0升两款发动机，都可选装四驱系统。2010北京车展亮相的左舵版埃尔法，这表示丰田会将旗下这款最畅销的MPV带到中国大陆和台湾等市场。和右舵市场的车型不同，进口埃尔法除了改成左舵这一最大变动外，还针对大陆市场进行了若干修改，舍弃了选装的四驱系统引进的两款车型除了动力系统外配置完全相同。埃尔法内饰内饰方面，Alphard提供了7个座位。其中驾驶座具有8向电动调整、附3组记忆功能的电动座椅。最舒适的二排位置，搭载4向电动调整Ottoman头等舱座椅，拥有三面向头枕独立扶手扶手置杯架多功能折叠桌，以及椅背最大78度仰角；前后共拥有450mm滑移长度与高度脚踏垫设计。首排与二排独立系统的影音播放器，让驾驶员与乘客都能拥有专属的影音主控权，在前座驾驶使用卫星导航的同时，后座乘客仍可享受视听娱乐。

副驾驶座椅调到最后，把放腿的那个调到最高，下面有一个盒子，打开便是。埃尔法（Alphard）是丰田应对日产Elgrand而开发的豪华MPV，采用了Previa的底盘加以改进而成。第一代埃尔法于2002年诞生，动力有2、4升和3、0升两款发动机，都可选装四驱系统。2008年埃尔法更新换代，为了对抗宿敌Elgrand，丰田同时推出了姐妹车Vellfire，主打年轻运动风格，但是和Elgrand相比还是略显保守。

欧洲家具十大品牌：瑞丽宜家、索菲亚、邦派巴洛特、好莱客、联邦高登、史丹利、班尔奇、尚品宅配、东方幕白、欧派排名不分先后；质量都非常地好，价格比较贵。

ふくだ しげおShigeo Fukuda

alphard是丰田埃尔法。埃尔法是很出名的一款车，很多经济实力雄厚的人都是比较喜欢这款车的。埃尔法的乘坐舒适性比较好，空间比较大，内饰设计也是比较豪华的。新款埃尔法已经换装了全新的混合动力总成，这款车使用了一台2.5升自然吸气发动机。这款发动机拥有117马力和198牛米的最大扭矩，这款发动机的最大功率转速为4700转每分钟，最大扭矩转速为2800到4000转每分钟。这款发动机搭载了vvt-i技术和混合喷射技术，并且使用了铝合金缸盖缸体。埃尔法外观尺寸：从侧面看更为圆滑，也将流线造型表达的淋漓精致。拥有三角状前窗与平行四边形后窗，成为车侧特殊的几何搭配。可自动开启的车侧滑门是一大亮点，无论开门还是关门，只要轻轻拉动把手就可以完成，相对其他MPV车型这样的人性化设计为阿尔法增色很多。作为一款丰田品牌高端MPV，最大的亮点在于其豪华的内部配置和空间。虽然丰田车的外形大多都显得保守中庸，但它们设计MPV车外形却从不常规，大家熟悉的普瑞维亚的模样就很科幻，而大号的埃尔法也同样不保守（姐妹车Vellfire更加张扬）。商务车形象不是非得方方正正，埃尔法的外形就比GL8、瑞风这些国内传统的MPV有格调，高腰线和深色玻璃还保留了一丝神秘感。

Foton中文谐音：佛疼，佛（一声）疼（轻音）

埃尔法（alphard）是丰田应对日产Elgrand而开发的豪华MPV，采用了Previa的底盘加以改进而成。第一代埃尔法于2002年诞生，动力有2.4升和3.0升两款发动机，都可选装四驱系统。2008年埃尔法更新换代，为了对抗宿敌Elgrand，丰田同时推出了姐妹车Vellfire，主打年轻运动风格，但是和Elgrand相比还是略显保守。2010北京车展亮相的左舵版埃尔法，这表示丰田会将旗下这款最畅销的MPV带到中国大陆和台湾等市场，和右舵市场的车型不同，进口埃尔法除了改成左舵这一最大变动外，还针对大陆市场进行了若干修改，舍弃了选装的四驱系统，引进的两款车型除了动力系统外配置完全相同。外观尺寸从侧面看更为圆滑，也将流线造型表达的淋漓精致，拥有三角状前窗与平行四边形后窗，成为车侧特殊的几何搭配，可自动开启的车侧滑门是一大亮点，无论开门还是关门，只要轻轻拉动把手就可以完成，相对其他MPV车型这样的人性化设计为阿尔法增色很多。作为一款丰田品牌高端MPV，最大的亮点在于其豪华的内部配置和空间，虽然丰田车的外形大多都显得保守中庸，但他们设计MPV车外形却从不常规，我们熟悉的普瑞维亚的模样就很科幻，而大号的埃尔法也同样不保守（姐妹车Vellfire更加张扬）。商务车形象不是非得方方正正，埃尔法的外形就比GL8、瑞风这些国内传统的MPV有格调，高腰线和深色玻璃还保留了一丝神秘感。

丰田alphard要77.20-85.60万元一辆：1、20新款埃尔法的大概轮廓没有什么变化，前脸的造型更加夸张，运用了很多细长的镀铬饰条包裹，一部分饰条和大灯融合在了一起，将LED行车灯和照明灯一分为二，有种从变形金刚3的擎天柱进化到了变4擎天柱的感觉。此外，尾灯也有了变化，新款埃尔法车身曾加50mm马力达到了301马力V8变速箱科技数据提升了好多升级；2、新款埃尔法内饰方面，中控台布局十分清晰，看上去更像是一辆高挡SUV，电子配置更是一应俱全。独立系统的影音播放器，让驾驶员与乘客都能拥有专属的影音主控权。19款中规丰田埃尔法高低配内部依旧延续了豪华商务的整体氛围，其中控台使用了大面积的皮质包裹以及木纹饰板，而整体搪塑软性材质的覆盖也令质感得到了一定的提升。同时，新车方向盘采用了全新的四辐式造型，真皮与实木的包裹给人感觉更加精致细腻；3、20款丰田埃尔法具有汽车般的舒服度、较大奢华的内部空间，新埃尔法提升了车辆控制的稳定性和驾乘的舒服性。行进过程中动力足够，运转安静，行进起来的安静性是意料之中的。丰田埃尔法是成功人士的标志，也表现了高端大气上挡次，低沉奢华有内在的名词名句。同时，前排座椅无论是座垫还是椅背都非常宽大，身高176公分，体重88千克的本人坐上去也没有感到任何的不适；4、内饰方面Alphard提供了7个座位。其中驾驶座具有8向电动调整、附3组记忆功能的电动座椅。最舒适的二排位置，搭载4向电动调整Ottoman头等舱座椅，拥有三面向头枕、独立扶手、扶手置杯架、多功能折叠桌，以及椅背最大78度仰角；前后共拥有450mm滑移长度与高度脚踏垫设计。首排与二排独立系统的影音播放器，让驾驶员与乘客都能拥有专属的影音主控权，在前座驾驶使用卫星导航的同时，后座乘客仍可享受视听娱乐。百万购车补贴

阿法狗有多厉害，纸上谈兵可不行，我们只有通过阿老师棋局中的具体手法来感受。开局不能“点三三”？不存在！ 这是阿法狗进化版阿法元AlphaGo Zero与阿法狗与柯洁人机大战的大师版Master的一局开局。寥寥数手，阿法元直接点三三，可谓颠覆了以往人们的认知！以前以为，序盘过后对方两个边星处有子，可以点三三，到后来Master网战60局全胜后，人们发觉布局十几、二十余手也能点三三，现在，阿法元告诉我们，占完角即可点三三！笔者顺手在四个角部摆了四种不同的点三三之后的下法，我们可以看到，点三三，在长久以来，人们认为在开局会形成让对方成起厚势的想法——根本就不存在！点三三不仅是极为有力的开局招数，还为人们对实地与势力的相互转换打开了崭新的思路和空间！布局五路没见过，阿老师告诉你！ 这是2016年3月，李世石与AlphaGo的第二局布局的场面。 当时，AlphaGo黑1刺，这在以前认为是将对手撞厚，而自己却没有所得的恶手，所以从没有人这样走棋（初学的小朋友除外，玩笑）。 当时李世石看到黑1，一下子就感觉到不妙，他点头示意对面的AlphaGo“人肉臂”黄博士“抱歉离开一会”，就出去外面抽烟去了。 出去外面的李世石，望着首尔城的繁华景色，陷入了深深的沉思……回到对局室，李世石粘上后，AlphaGo脱先于左上角托。我们再来看，黑棋经过一手交换，弹性十足，白棋已不好攻击，而白棋右边本来就很坚固，让其在价值不大的地方厚上加厚，当无不可。本局蔓延了十几手的战斗后，AlphaGo走出了名垂棋史的名手——五路尖冲。 当时，观战此局的棋圣聂卫平先生对此手赞叹不已：阿老师这手棋值得脱帽致敬。不论是从感官，还是最后的价值，这首棋都达到了最佳。 职业棋手们也从这一手棋，如醍醐灌顶，获得了不少升华。故意“下错”大雪崩定式？ 这是AlphaGo在2017年初，在网上化身Master大杀四方的一局棋。 执黑的芈昱廷九段成了“背景板”，两位演绎大雪崩定式时，阿老师五路扳一手，让世界冠军芈九段当场“晕菜”。大雪崩定式，自从50多年前围棋大师吴清源将“外拐”改为“内拐”后，多年来一直牢牢占据着业界最难定式的交椅，但这次阿法狗就像一位不懂复杂定式的业余棋手一样，不过，却取得了意想不到的变化，将定式也改变了。大雪崩定式也由此彻底“下岗”，本局之后，大雪崩定式几乎再也见不着了。化繁为简，改变“妖刀定式” 还是Master的网棋，执黑的“背景板”是世界冠军江维杰九段。 角上即将走成人们熟悉的妖刀定式。大体上长这样：黑棋冲后，白棋将黑棋断开，此后双方围绕着远处的征子和引征勾心斗角，头绪百出，谁也无法掌控以后的流向。那一局实战，Master给我们刷新了新的认知，白棋取地取得很实在，黑棋外势很雄厚吗？再往下看。白1-白5，就像是天仙化人，在黑空中泛起凌波微步，翩翩舞蹈。 姑且从美观角度而言，白1从六路这样飞起，如此飘逸行棋，以前谁人能之？絮叨了这么多，都是图，都是技术活，还请大家感受一番。 欢迎各路道友评论切磋！ 阿尔法狗能战胜人类的原因，是主要阿尔法狗跟以前普通的围棋软件不一样。以前的围棋软件是把所有的围棋棋谱输入。然后所有的方法就在这些棋谱里面去选择对比。也就是说人类是绰绰有余，可以战胜普通的围棋软件。 阿尔法狗最奇特的一点是，他具备学习性。他跟李世石在下的时候。李世石当天晚上最多只能复盘今天的比赛。或者再复盘一两盘棋。而阿尔法狗可以复盘上千万盘棋。同时它具备自己的修复功能。也就是他能够学习李世石的下法。优化李世石的下法。理论上只要人类跟他下一盘。基本上人类是没有赢的机会了。所以它最恐怖的一点是具备了这种学习性。 阿尔法狗更恐怖的一点是。以前人类自已引以为豪的是在模糊地带的算法。因为模糊地带的算法涉及到价值的取舍。而这种价值的取舍是以前普通的围棋软件所无法达到的。但AlphaGo通过自己的学习，把这种价值的取舍发挥到淋漓尽致。只有在价值的取舍才是比方法更加恐怖的。也更加有意义性的。所以人类下不过阿尔法狗是非常正常的。一般阿尔法狗进入它的计算模式的时候，人类是无法可比的。 AI的问世是围棋 历史 上一大革命性的变化，前两次应该是废除座子制和新布局革命。AI给现代围棋带来了许多颠覆性的变化，让人类棋手对围棋有了一个全新的认识，原来围棋还可以这么下。AI的出现，扩大了围棋的变数，增加了围棋的变量，让本来浩如烟海的围棋变化量更加复杂。 AI带来的变化虽多，但国家围棋队棋手们总结出来它们的三大秘技是：肩冲、碰、脱先。 图一是2016年首次“人机大战”第二局时AlphaGo使出的一着五路肩冲（黑37），石破天惊！这手棋为什么要选择在五路肩冲，与之后的着法有什么必然关系，不得而知。肩冲通常用于侵消或者攻击，但在此局面下，黑棋这手肩冲既不是侵消，也不是借劲攻击，所以格外令人吃惊。图二，还是这局棋，阿尔法狗在右边盘五路肩冲过后，待白 飞起时，按理说黑棋不能置之不理，但实战黑1还真脱先不理！阿尔法狗认为在右边盘交换两手已经便宜，没必要继续在此着子。作为人类棋手，能理解这样的下法吗？图三，阿尔法狗白2碰黑棋无忧角的着法对人类棋手是一大考验，因为按照传统围棋理论，白2碰这样的着法是撞实了黑棋无忧角，而白棋本身并不厚。但实战阿尔法狗就是这样进行的，李世石黑7抢攻，被白8扇上去后，黑棋不利。所以，后来当白6拐时，黑棋一般都在8位挺头。有兴趣的棋友不妨继续找找类似阿尔法狗的肩冲、碰、脱先等给人类棋手带来眼睛一亮的诸多着法。从更广阔的角度来说，AI的出现，让围棋变得更有趣，让人类 探索 的棋盘空间更辽阔。也许，破解未来围棋奥秘的钥匙，在于AI。 阿尔法狗下的围棋不能说是艺术的，只能说是计算上面的成功。阿尔法狗下的围棋，是电脑经过既周密的计算后，从几百个方案中找出其中一个最好的下法，来打败人类。当阿尔法狗击败人类以后，世界开始躁动不安了。人们的担心是有理由的，这个人工智能电脑实在太可怕了，一旦电脑可以自行开发自己的智慧，一旦拥有自由行动力，给人类自己带来的灾难，可能是毁灭性的。阿尔法在围棋上的布局和行棋方式，既谈不上有中国古代坐子布局艺术之美，也谈不上近现代的日本主流围棋界流行的围棋优雅畅快的美感。又比如藤泽秀行的围棋美学，又比如武宫正树的宇宙流，又比如中国的超级棋圣吴清源的新定式和黑白布局以及他的棋谱，这些都是流传千古的。但是没有听说阿尔法狗在围棋上创造了什么美学流派，人们只是说阿尔法狗的“吃相”非常难看，更谈不上艺术，阿尔法狗是不是要把围棋艺术都毁掉了。这个也不能怪阿尔法狗，因为阿尔法狗毕竟是一个机器嘛。围棋流派有大家耳熟能详的，如：武宫正树的宇宙流，出应日本棋手的中国流，打破传统行棋的韩国流，以及传说中的僵尸流等等，曾经出现过无数个流派和时代的代表人物。 围棋是全世界最深奥的一种棋类。它有定式、序盘布局、中盘形势判断、终盘胜负断定等词语，还有倒脱靴、打二还一、大飞、跳、尖、征子、打劫、下立等等术语。最出名的术语就是那个“盲点”。 “盲点”这个术语最先出现于围棋。“盲点”是指在围棋中容易出现的，如果出现在自己这一方就变成了漏洞、危机；如果被对方发现，就会变成对方的妙手。盲点对下棋双方来说谁先抓到了谁，就可能得到了攻击对方要害的重要的一步棋。 之所以称之为盲点，是因为此时此刻的当局者迷，根本看不到这一步。 “盲点”是所有围棋高手都害怕的，因为棋手的时间有限，算路正确与否都有自己的局限性，所以就会产生这个盲点的这个漏洞。如果盲点出在自己的棋上，一旦被对手抓住，自己几乎可能就是一败涂地的。往往盲点是产生胜利或者失败的主要原因。在实战中如果自己没有发现盲点，而让对手抓住了机会，这就成了棋手一生的痛。 在围棋界中，盲点每每出现时，一个棋手可能就会把一盘输掉了，他输掉的不仅仅是一盘棋，甚至搭上了他的名誉，甚至还有一大笔钱财。盲点是无论这个棋手是棋圣也好，是普通的人也好，只要暗藏在他的棋面上，他就会担心，他就会害怕。因为他并不知道哪一交叉点是真正的陷阱，等着他的陷入困难的窘境。人们在日常生活中说“盲点”、“盲点”，说的很轻松，可是在围棋大师们面前这个盲点是很有分量的。即便是计算能力十分强悍的阿尔法狗Alpha Go也出现了盲点，输给了Alpha Zero。这个盲点是阿尔法狗Alpha Go唯一的一盘输棋。只不过目前阿尔法狗不可能创造出唯美的围棋艺术来。以后会怎样，自己就不好估计了。 围棋还是应该回到人类的生活中，不应该属于机器和电脑的。当初设计这个围棋的时候，古代的中国人是很有智慧的，也许可能就没有想让电脑来参与进来。这些冷冰冰的怪物，只知道计算，不知道艺术。但是，人们对它的防范之心，不可以丢失。人工智能一旦被人类忽视而成为一个盲点，最终付出的代价可能就是整个人类自己的命运。 文/心智无碍 畅游虚空 图/来源于网络 围棋是中国人发明的，距今有4300多年的 历史 ，是举世公认的智慧 游戏 的顶峰。人工智能(Ai)突破是划时代的事件。它基于深度学习的能力，突破了人类几千年积累的围棋已有知识和经验，具有革命性的变革。它强大的计算能力，人类无法超越，它只论输赢，攻杀几乎不出错，但它缺乏人类下棋的 情感 ，只是冷冰冰无比残酷的精准，很多着法不可思议，吃相难看，但确实管用，围棋人很困惑。AI的深度使围棋更加深奥，目前对围棋的认知我认为还很浅，将来更高级的两台机器的不断对决升华也许有一天能全部了解围棋的奥秘，人类自身看来是没希望了，但机器是人类掌握的，仍然是人类的胜利！ 阿尔法及其后续版本的围棋已经不是人类能够理解的了。人类大脑的计算能力还是有限的而且，一直以来，人类的围棋都是在进行有限的计算，实在计算不出来的时候，就以以前某一局棋的情况了大致估计，而人工智能则是直接触及围棋的精髓-围空的大小，他利用人工智能的超强算力通过图片对比来得出下发的优劣，类似五路肩冲六路小飞的棋，当年的宇宙流武宫正树不是没有尝试过，但是由于人的计算能力所限，鲜有成功的案例，但是人工智能则不同。 现在人工智能走出了开路点三三，高路肩冲，很多棋手都开始学，但是效果未必好。人类开始还回归到围棋的本源，用人类的思维来下棋，模仿人工智能未必有出路 说一好玩的你们分柝下。 刚刚AL pH go出道，赢了个五段(姓名忘了)围棋界闹翻了天，都言此五段怎么输给了机器！真乃人类的败类，后此电脑挑了李世石五番棋决战，第三盘小李子头脑突然来电，一挖，阿法狗开始发神经，输了。高手解说这狗还是有弱点,,,,云云，到第四盘阿法狗下的还是高手无法理解的棋，但形势不错，解说改称阿法狗老师了。到最后一盘几大高手解说又改称呼叫阿老师了，有个狗做老师总觉别扭。后来与柯渣决战，打得大侠怀疑人生，独自会哭起来，输个精光，另外称呼改为阿法G O了，现也此称呼。 你说厉害乎！ 再多说几句，现阿法狗把DNA奉献出来，中，日，韩及台湾的小狗们都生出来了，子孙一大堆。阿法狗现己退出江湖，下一辈己跃上大大师级，现世界顶级围棋高手仅对国内的绝艺(儿子辈)己无可奈何，更不用说其师傅了！ 阿尔法狗的所有下法，人类都能理解，只是需要时间而已。 开局点三三，肩冲五路，开局二路爬，二路飞，等等开始看起来不能接受的下法，现在已经变成了必然的下法。 人类的观念是能变的，不能理解只是因为执着于过往的陈旧观念，阿尔法狗多次吊打人类之后，其招法自然就会有人开始寻找其合理性，获得认同。 现在已经几户没有高手去质疑狗子的下法，更多的是 探索 狗子不走寻常路下法的合理性，以及自己过去常规下法是否合理。 总之，在建立了阿尔法狗的下法就是标准答案的观念下，没有无法理解的，人类总会找到合理的解释。 其实 和人的差别最大的地方就是取舍。人类总喜欢保留，而 为了目的总采取最直接的方式。其次就是人类计算能力有限，算不清的往往是去避免，而 总能看得清！ 主要是一些很奇妙的脱先处理吧。

阿尔法狗版本升级了，已经不是与李世石对战的那个阿尔法狗了，如果让柯洁打前一个版本的说不定真能赢，而让李世石打柯洁对战的阿尔法狗李世石恐怕不会有一局赢，会比柯洁败得更惨。