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看看大家的翻译水平能否把此文完整的翻译出来?翻译正确有分赏!~谢谢

2023-06-14 06:39:15
共7条回复
小菜G

摘 要 :

中小企业可以说是一个世界性的永久课题,越来越多的国家已经认识到它在国民经济发展中的重大作用,它作为我国国民经济的一支重要力量,在促进市场竞争,增加社会就业,推动经济发展和保持社会稳定方面发挥着重要的作用。近年来,随着我国经济的不断发展,中小企业已成为我国产业结构中最具活力的企业形态。促进中小企业发展,对于保持我国经济持续、快速、协调、健康发展,构建社会主义和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。本文从制约中小企业经营环境存在的问题入手,分析了制约中小企业经营环境因素存在的原因,全面、系统地介绍了如何对中小企业经营环境的进行优化,并且对中小企业环境优化过程中需切实注意的问题进行了具体的说明。

Summary :

Small and medium-sized enterprises can be said to be a world permanent subject, more and more countries have already realized the great function that it is in national economic development, it is promoting the market competition as an important strength of our national economy, increase social employment , promote the development of economy and keep the social stability playing an important role. In recent years, with the constant development of the economy of our country, small and medium-sized enterprises have already become the most vibrant enterprise"s form in industrial structure of our country. Promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, for keeping the economy of our country continuously, fast, coordinating, developing in a healthy way, structuring the socialist harmonious society has very important meanings. This text starts with restricting the management environment existing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises, has analysed that restrains small and medium-sized enterprises from managing the reason why the environmental factor exists, what optimizing to management environment of small and medium-sized enterprises is introduced in an all-round way, systematically, and to needing the question of practical attention to carry on the concrete explanation in the course of optimizing of medium and small environment of an enterprise.

关键词:中小企业

Keyword: Small and medium-sized enterprises

经营环境

Management environment

优化

Optimization

gitcloud

Abstract: Medium and small-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an everlasting topic for the whole world, and an increasing number of countries have realized the importance of SMEs in developing national economy. As an important force in a national economy, SMEs played an important role in promoting market competition, creating jobs, pushing forward economic development and maintaining social stability. In recent years, with the continuous development of Chinese economy, SMEs have become the most active players in the industry structure. Promoting the development of SMEs will have significant meanings for China to maintain continuous, rapid, coordinated and healthy development and to build up a harmonious socialist society. The paper starts from the environmental problems restricting SMEs development and analyzes the underlying reasons for the problems before a comprehensive and systematical introduction on how to improve the environment to promote SMEs development, after which detailed description of issues needed special attention in improving SMEs development environment is given.

key words: SMEs, Business Environment, Optimization

贝贝

如果分不够,你可以把文章分几段分开然后分别提问,这是这儿不成文的规定

慧慧

SMEs can be a permanent global issues More and more countries have recognized the important role in national economic development. it as an important force in China"s national economy, promote market competition and increase employment opportunities, maintain social stability and promote economic development and play an important role. In recent years, as China"s economy continues to develop, China"s industrial SMEs have become the most dynamic form. For SME development, China"s economy maintained a sustained, rapid, coordinated and healthy development Building a socialist harmonious society is of great significance. From the constraints of the operating environment for SMEs this issue. Analysis of the factors constraining the business environment for SMEs, a comprehensive, a systematic introduction to how to optimize the business environment for SMEs. and process optimization for small and medium-sized enterprises need to pay great attention to environmental issues of detail.

Keywords : SME Operating environment Optimization

陶小凡

Abstract:It can be said that medium and small business is a permanent subject in the world. More and more realize that the important role it takes in the national ecnomic development. As a importance part of the national ecnomy, it plays important role in promoting the market competion, increasing eemployment, pusing the ecnomic developmetn and keeping the society stalbe.In recent years, with the national economic development, medium and small business has become the most dynamic enterpise state. Promoting the development of the small and medium business has great effect on keeping the ecnomic continuous , rapid ,homony and healthy development, constructing a harmonious society. This paper begins with the existing problems in the business environment of medium and small business ,analyses the situations that restrict the development of the medium and small business, comprehensively and systemicly introduces how to optimize the business environment of the medium and small business, and also gives the problems in detail to which should be paid attention during the optimizaion process.

Key words: medium and small business ,business environment, optimization

瑞瑞爱吃桃

分太少 谢谢

我不懂运营

Take off to want

Win the small business enterprise can be treated as a world and permanent topic, more and more of the nation has already known it in national economy develop of important function, it be our country an important power of the national economy, at promote market compete, increase the society employment, push the economy development and keep the social stable aspect exertive important function.In recent years, develop continuously economically along with the our country, win the small business enterprise to have become the our country to have most the business enterprise appearance of the vitality in the industrial structure.Promote medium small business enterprise development, for keep our country economy keep on, fast, moderate, healthy development, set up the socialism diapason society to have the very important meaning.This text is from the check and supervision in the small business enterprise conducts the problem of the environment existence to commence, analyzing the check and supervision to conduct the existent reason of the environment factor in the small business enterprise, overall, introduced systematically how to win the small business enterprise management environment of carry on excellent turn, and turn to needed to slice the solid advertent problem to carry on the concrete elucidation in the process towards winning the small business enterprise environment excellently.

Keyword:Win the small business enterprise management environment excellent turn

哪个准确些?哈哈 谁知道?

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都一样的
2023-06-13 13:44:225

英语“造成。。。的原因,我们分析主要由于以下几点”怎么说?急!!

The main causes of …are analysed as follows
2023-06-13 13:44:462

condition的意思和situation区别在哪?

condition表示做某事或达成某个目标必须具备的条件. 而situation是表示某人所处的环境或者是目前的整体情况或态势,形势. 这个从上下文的语境中可以做出判断.
2023-06-13 13:45:201

dataworks是什么

data works是数据工程。 data:n. 数据; 资料; 材料; (储存在计算机中的)数据资料。 works:n. 工作; 职业; 职责; 工作内容; 活计。 扩展资料   The experiments show that the data acquisition system works well.   实验表明,该测量系统能够很好地完成关节臂式坐标测量机的数据采集任务。   The application system of data analysis and works recording in the meteorological observatory   气象台站数据分析、著录应用系统的介绍   It is proved by test that this telemetry data acquisition system works well and stability.   通过联试,证明该遥测数据采集系统能够保证互不干扰地完成数据的.采集、处理、显示与存盘等任务。   I am quite surprised to know that many people don"t think that data recovery software works.   我很惊讶地知道很多人不认为数据恢复软件工程。   According to the observed data navigation channel works effect after regulation is preliminary analysed and demonstrated.   并根据现场实测资料,对整治后的航道工程效果进行初步分析。
2023-06-13 13:45:301

我们要认真分析每个句子的意思 这句话用英语怎么说

uff01
2023-06-13 13:45:446

英语在线翻译!急

负载适用于螺栓并转交板 通过接触。分析这个问题作为一个准静态问题 有明确的代码伪时间因此必须指定。 当假的时间达到最大的价值(往往)分析 停止。关于伪时间最长的相应 最大载荷(谋生)也是必需的。图。 15显示 之间的关系伪时间和应用负载。 在分析抵御指定以这样一种方式,这是更高 超过负荷所确定的物理实验。价值 的抵御取决于厚度的钢板。另一方面 选择最高伪时间(往往)需要一些 考虑。不幸的是分析的一个模型 描述参数和最大伪时间设置为 1800秒可以需要很长的时间,例如一两天。 (一个物理实验大约需要一个半小时进行。 ) 另一方面,如果在很短的时间设置,例如 10秒,然后将模拟分析的动态影响,为 例如一个冲击载荷的螺栓。考虑到上述因素 一对夫妇和执行处决,已决定 300 S是足够的最大伪时间(一般) ,并在这 案例一分析,运行时间不超过一天在电脑上。 图。 15还显示了如何未能负荷可确定 数值模拟。该模型假定失败时 模型""打破“以这样一种方式,它成为一种机制 和它的一部分,以加速启动下的负荷。当总 加速模型超过预定值的 分析可以停止假设失效机理充分开发 在结构。相应的时间这个条件是 指由tfail显示图。 15 。从失败的时候失败 计算负荷可以使用一个简单的线性插值。 之间的接触和板螺栓被定义为一个 侵蚀接触,因为表面是不断变化的作为有限 内容是从网发生故障时,材料。 没有预先确定的表面;该计划已检查 每一个环节都与其他要素。接触检查 和解决自然增加了总的计算时间。
2023-06-13 13:46:282

"分析了差异产生的原因"怎么翻译?

analyze the causes of difference
2023-06-13 13:46:383

求助 翻译(急 急 急)

我也有考虑过用机器翻译来的。可是。。。
2023-06-13 13:46:505

谁能帮我翻译下下面这段话,谢谢,不要直接谷歌上翻,那个我也会,就想找人帮我翻译的通顺

伊娃的定义是净运行金额税后利润(NOPAT)减去美元资本费用(包括债务和股权)获得了乘加权平均成本的百分比ofcapital(联合会)(Cordeiro和肯特郡,2001)。伊娃是一个估计的多少,超过或低于收益的回报率的股东和债权人可以通过投资于其他证券类似的风险和包括控告利润为成本资本的公司雇员。他们曾经EVA为自变量的研究。在这项研究中,每股EVA作为自变量进行的研究。在这项研究中,EVA的计算基于Cordeiro(2001)和肯特郡如下:伊娃= NOPAT -(X加权平均资金成本投入资本)。在哪里,NOPAT =税前利润和亏损+利息费用- - - - - - - - - - - -所得税税盾杯上的利益(税率X利息费用),投入资本=短期债务长期负债+ + +股东equity1少数股份,联合会的借贷成本= X {负债总额(负债总额+ CMVE)} X(1税费)+(其股权成本X {(CMVE /(负债总额+ CMVE)}]2号,CMVE = X公司的股价总流通股,市场价值的CMVE公司负债总额= + +少数民族利益,其股权成本是采用计算model3探索性的设计和相关性资本资产定价研究方法对于这款被选中,因为这项研究的目的是探讨EVA和公司业绩的关系。在分析将采用面板数据回归模型,游泳池只能从计量软件工具。这种分析可以用时间序列分析和截面同时进行。每一次表演的结果分析工具和证券市场收益率在这个水平。这个分析工具使用面板数据回归以来池是可以做到的考虑到更大的样本为研究尺寸和长时间的并发执行。公司组成的样品的大部分上市公司在囊马来西亚(和数据),在此期间1993年到2002年。基于这些标准,一段之间的1997至2002年,245个样本的选取主板公司动用了1440的观察。而1993到2002年间,选取75主板公司动用了750的观察。长时间的减少了由于约束的观察数据的可用性。
2023-06-13 13:47:093

一篇图表雅思小作文,题目以附在图片中,求好心人评价下,最好能给个分数!

这东西太深奥了
2023-06-13 13:47:193

中英翻译文章

  翻译的本质在于 文化 意义的转换。中英翻译要把原文还原很重要。下面就是我给大家整理的中英翻译 文章 ,希望大家喜欢。  中英翻译文章篇1:可爱的南京   Nanjing the Beloved City   南京,她有层出不穷的风流人物,和彪炳千秋的不朽业绩。大都会特有的凝聚力,吸引了无数风云人物、仁人志士在这里角逐争雄,一逞豪彦。从孙权、谢安到洪秀全、孙中山,从祖冲之、葛洪到李时珍、郑和,从刘勰、萧统到曹雪芹、吴敬梓,从王羲之、顾恺之到徐悲鸿、傅抱石,还有陶行知、杨廷宝等等,中国历史上一批杰出的政治家、军事家、科学家、文学家、艺术家、 教育 家、建筑家等荟萃于此,在这块钟灵毓秀的土地上一圆他们的辉煌之梦。他们是中华民族的优秀儿女,巍巍钟山、滚滚长江养育了他们,为他们提供了施展抱负的舞台,他们也以自己的雄才大略、聪明智慧为中华民族的灿烂文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。   Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noblehearts as well as monumental achievements that shone through the ages. Attracted by herspecial appeal, a great number of powerful figures and people actuated by high ideals havestayed in or frequented this metropolis to contend for the lead or to give play to their geniusand virtues. Military commanders such as Sun Quan and Xie An; political leaders such as HongXiuquan and Dr. Sun Yat-sen; scientists like Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Li Shizhen and Zhenghe;men of letters such as Liu Xie, Xiao Tong, Cao Xueqin and Wu Jingzi; artists like Wang Xizhi, GuKaizhi, Xu Beihong and Fu Baoshi; educators such as Tao Xingzhi; and architects like YangTingbao—all these renowned historical figures used to settle on this blessed land to have theirsplendid dreams fulfilled. The towering Purple Mountains and billowing Yangtze River nurturedthem and provided them with arenas in which to realize their aspirations. By virtue of theirgenius, vision, and sagacity, these best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation madespectacular contributions to the resplendent Chinese civilization.   南京,她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加使人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4月23日始,人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。金陵回春,古城新生,昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难,至此如同梦魇终被摆脱。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作,把古老南京装扮得面貌一新。特别是近十年几来,改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力,崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多姿的文化生活,都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。孙中山先生所预言的:“南京将来之发展未可限量也”,正在逐步成为现实。   The tremendous changes that have taken place in Nanjing since New China was founded areeven more inspiring, just as the much quoted couplet from a poem written by the lateChairman Mao Zedong on the occasion of the liberation of the city on April 23, 1949 has it:   The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories;   In heroic triumph heaven and earth have been overturned.   Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city, of which the common peoplecame to be the genuine masters. The night marish sufferings and humiliations of the past wereleft behind once and for all. The citizens of Nanjing have been working hard to give this age-oldtown a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, the countryu2019s reform andopening-up policy has infused new vigor into this beautiful and famous city. Newly builtindustries, an efficient transportation network extending in all directions, picturesque urbanconstruction, a booming tertiary industry, a varied and colorful cultural life, all these and moreadded charm and vitality to this modern metropolis, which retains somehow the ambiance andfeatures of an ancient capital. The prophecy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen father of modern China that“Nanjing will have a future that knows no bounds” is becoming true.   南京,这座古老而年轻的历史文化名城,是多么的可爱!   Nanjing, an old city with a rich and celebrated past, yet vigorous in her new youth-how lovelyshe is!   中英翻译文章篇2:健忘的画眉   The Forgetful Song Thrush   蓝曼   Lan man   那天,我刚刚走进滨河公园,便听到从小树林中传出了画眉的叫声。顺声走去,我看见一只画眉正在花坛里跳来跳去。我仔细观察,寻找它腿上应该有的细索,结果没有看到。啊,这是一只跳出樊笼自由的鸟儿。它自由自在地,一会儿跳上月季的花枝,扬起头来歌唱一阵,一会儿又跳进草丛里,尾巴一翘一翘,向我张望。它那得意的神态,确实招人喜爱。   The other day when I went into Riverside Park, I was greeted by the chirrup of a song thrushfrom a grove. Walking towards the sound I saw the thrush hopping about in a flower bed. Ilooked carefully trying to spot a tiny piece of string that should have been fastened to its leg,but in vain. Ah, it must have escaped from its cage. It was a free bird! One moment it jumpedonto a rose spray and sang with its head high, the next it plunged into the grass and looked atme with its tail waving up and down. Its proud and self-satisfied manner was really enchanting.   在离它不远的草地上,有一只鸟笼。涂了漆的竹篾儿,根根洁净、整齐。笼顶上的那个大笼钩儿,锃明瓦亮。笼门上还挂着一个大红绒穗子,好看极了。若与住房比拟,这可算是一幢相当豪华的住宅了。   Not far from the bird on the grass was a bird cage. It was made of painted bamboo strips andlooked neat and clean. On top of the cage stood a big gleaming metal hook. From the cage-door hung a fiery red tassel, which added to the magnificence of the cage. As birdhouses go,this was certainly a luxurious residence.   在附近的马缨花树下,一位老人正坐着打瞌睡。看来,他就是鸟笼的主人。他听到我的脚步声,睁开了睡眼。我主动向他打招呼:   An old man was dozing under a nearby hibiscus tree. He seemed to be the owner of the cage.Hearing my approaching steps he opened his eyes. I began the dialogue.   “老师傅,你的画眉逃出了笼子!”   "Hello. You bird has got out."   “是的,让它散散步。”   "Yeah. Let it go for a stroll."   “不怕它飞走了么?”我说。   "Aren"t you afraid it might fly away?"   老人望了望我,又冷冷一笑:“飞走,往哪儿飞!它舍不得那个食罐儿!”   The old man cast a glance at me and gave an uncaring smile. "Fly away? But why should it? Itcan"t leave the food bowl."   我望望食罐儿,并没有什么特殊之处,只不过是细瓷印有一枝梅花罢了。罐中的鸟食是些黄澄澄的颗粒,有一缕野草的清香散发出来。这不外乎把泡软了的小米拌上煮熟了的蛋黄,也许又加了一点什么香料之类,没有什么稀奇。   Examining the bowl carefully, I found nothing special about it. It was no more than a small finechina bowl with a plum design on the side. The bird food in it was some yellow grains whichgave off the refreshing smell of wild grass. I thought it must be a mixture of soaked millet andthe yolk of boiled eggs, perhaps with some condiments added to it. There was nothing specialabout it.   我把我的看法向老人说了。他摇了摇头,没有说什么,只冲着我微笑。我不好再追问他,也许在养鸟这门学问里面,各有各的绝招儿,其中奥秘不愿告人。   I told the old man what was on my mind, but he just shook his head and smiled at me withoutsaying a word. I knew better than to keep on inquiring, for each has his own tricks in raisingbirds and such secrets must never be given away.   这里我瞧见那只自由的鸟儿,从从容容地走进了笼门儿。啪的一声,老人随后把笼门关上。画眉得意洋洋,立在食罐上正啄食那黄澄澄的颗粒。我走出公园想着,那食罐里放了什么样的“迷魂药”,竟使一只美丽的画眉,只会 唱歌 而忘却了自己的一双翅膀?!   Just at that moment I saw the carefree bird walk into the cage at a leisurely pace. Seeing thathis bird was re-encaged, the old man slid down the cage-door with a click. Standing on the rimof the bowl complacently, the thrush had already begun to peck at its food. As I left the park, Iturned over in my mind a recurring question—what was the magic in the food that had madethis beautiful bird sing so happily but forget about its wings?   中英翻译文章篇3:常胜的歌手   A Singer Who Always Wins   王蒙   Wang Meng   有一位歌手,有一次她唱完了歌,竟没有一个人鼓掌。于是她在开会的时候说道:“掌声究竟能说明什么问题呢?难道掌声是美?是艺术?是黄金?掌声到底卖几分钱一斤?被观众鼓了几声掌就飘飘然,就忘乎所以,就选成了歌星,就坐飞机,就灌唱片,这简直是胡闹!是对灵魂的腐蚀!你不信,如果我扭起屁股唱黄歌儿,比她得到的掌声还多!”   Once a singer finished her performance without receiving any applause from the audience.Afterwards she remarked at a meeting, “What does applause mean? Is it beauty, art, or gold?How much is it worth after all? Once one gets some applause, oneu2019s head will swell. And onewill be treated like a star, given free plane trips and invited to have oneu2019s voice recordedeverywhere. Itu2019s ridiculous! It is nothing but corruption of the mind! Believe it or not, if I hadswayed my hips and sung obscene songs, I wouldu2019ve got more applause than the stars.”   她还建议,对观众进行一次调查分析,分类排队,以证明掌声的无价值或反价值。   Then the singer came up with a suggestion that the audience should be investigated, analysed,and classified in order to prove their applause being worthless or even worse for its negativeeffects.   后来她又唱了一次歌,全场掌声雷动。她在会上又说开了:“歌曲是让人听的,如果人家不爱听,内容再好,曲调再好又有什么用?群众的眼睛是雪亮的,群众的心里是有一杆秤的,离开了群众的喜闻乐见,就是不搞大众化,只搞小众化,就是出了方向性差错,就是孤家寡人,自我欣赏。我听到的不只是掌声,而是一颗颗火热的心在跳动!”   Later, she gave another performance which won thunderous applause from the audience. Shespoke at another meeting, “Songs are to be appreciated by the audience. Whatu2019s the use ofsongs with good content and nice melody if no one likes them? The audience is the best judgewho knows how to strike a balance in the heart. Without the massesu2019 appreciation, one willonly be serving the few instead of many. And one will be taking the wrong direction by keepingaloof from the masses and indulging in self-admiration. What I heard from the audience wasnot only warm applause, but the beatings of their warm hearts!”   过了一阵子,音乐工作者又开会,谈到歌曲演唱中的一种不健康的倾向和群众的趣味需要疏导,欣赏水平需要提高。她便举出了那一次唱歌无人鼓掌作为例子,她宣称:   Some time later, members of the musical circles held a symposium and suggested that anunhealthy tendency should be stopped in singing performances, that appreciation levels beraised and good taste be cultivated. The singer then cited her first performance that haddrawn no applause from the audience and claimed,   “我顶住了!我顶住了!我顶住了!”   “See, I dared it! The unhealthy tendency! I dared it indeed!”   又过了一阵子,音乐工作者又开会,谈到受欢迎的群众歌曲还是创作、演唱得太少。她又举出了另一次掌声如雷的例子宣称:   After a period of time, there was another symposium among the musical circles. This time it wasproposed that more popular songs be composed and sung. And the singer took her secondperformance as an example to prove her claim,   “我早就做了,我早就做了,我早就做了!”   “See, I did it! The popular songs! I did it indeed!”
2023-06-13 13:47:301

报告摘要英文翻译,加急!!!

Objective: to understand for dental caries period, our children to 144 8-11 years of clinical investigation analysis, in order to prevent treatment. Methods: the method of sampling, 144 students aged 8-11 field sampling survey, fill in the form. Use a database of SPSS, the group of children were statistically analyzed. Results: the 144 student caries rate is 72.92%, male caries rate is 61.97%, female caries rate is 82.56%. Female caries rate is higher than male, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). 9 years ahead, women were male caries are women, caries 261m than men, men and women, no obvious difference between the statistically significant (p > 0.05). Results: during the period of high for dental caries rate and caries should be strengthened, and adopt effective oral health education of prevention and treatment measures.
2023-06-13 13:47:432

artification是什么意思

人工
2023-06-13 13:48:042

accuration是什么意思

accuration 准确度
2023-06-13 13:48:251

求教,这句英语怎么翻译?

两个或多或少都是一样的
2023-06-13 13:49:066

contract status是什么意思

contract status合同状态祝你愉快,满意请采纳哦
2023-06-13 13:49:294

size and location是什么意思

size and location大小和位置例句:1.Much also depends on the size and location of the tear. 很多时候,如何治疗还取决于撕裂的大小和部位。
2023-06-13 13:49:552

什么是thermal characteristics

thermal characteristics热工特性热特性;热工性能;传热特性;热特征更多资料1. Experiments analysed the effects on thermal characteristics of adding PCM to conventional hollow thermal - insulation bricks. 本文通过实验分析了加入PCM的传统空心隔热砖的热特性.来自互联网2. The thermal characteristics of gravel layer in internal heat circulation medium in solar collectors were compared. 比较了太阳能集热器分别以空气和水为热储能媒介时对卵石层的储热特性.来自互联网3. The Characteristics of aluminum - silicon composite membrane of a thermal actuated micropump have been numerically analyzed. 对热驱动微型泵的关键部件——铝 — 硅复合膜片进行了数值计算和分析.来自互联网4. Lamps is integral structure, has the characteristics of good thermal dissipation, easy installation and reliable function. 灯具采用整体式结构, 具有良好的散热性, 安装方便,性能可靠.来自互联网5. The thermal decomposition characteristics of trimethylolpropane trinitrate ( TMPTN ) were investigated by means of high pressure DSC. 利用高压DSC研究了三羟甲基丙烷三硝酸酯 ( TMPTN ) 的热分解特性.
2023-06-13 13:50:021

剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’SSPORTINGSUCCESS及答案解析

做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的 方法 ,也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习,下面我给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA"S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析,一起加油吧! 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA"S SPORTING SUCCESS READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. AUSTRALIA"S SPORTING SUCCESS A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice. B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can"t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don"t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance," says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS. C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer"s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It"s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason"s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer"s performance into factors that can be analysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer. D ‘Take a look," says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy," says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better." This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists" research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete"s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete"s ability to run. There"s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes" saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy. E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model", based on what they expect will be the winning times." You design the model to make that time," says Mason." A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times." All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world"s most successful sporting nation. F Of course, there"s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists" and rowers" times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent", developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia"s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system. 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA"S SPORTING SUCCESS题目 Questions 1-7 Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports 2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations 3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity 4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced 5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated 6 an overview of the funded support of athletes 7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event Questions 8-11 Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they A are currently exclusively used by Australians B will be used in the future by Australians C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet. 8 cameras 9 sensors 10 protein tests 11 altitude tents Questions 12 and 13 Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet. 12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event? 13 By how much did some cyclists" performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games? 剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA"S SPORTING SUCCESS答案 Question 1 答案:B 关键词:exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports 定位原文:B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …” 解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应,理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。 Question 2 答案:C 关键词: visual imaging/3D, image 定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis …” 解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。 Question 3 答案:B 关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can"t waste time 定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can"t waste our time looking…” 解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达,定位答题区域,发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间,也就是说要缩小研究的范围。 Question 4 答案:F 关键词:AIS ideas reproduce/ copying 定位原文: F段第1句话 “Of course, there"s nothing…” 解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思,之后从 文章 中发现 句子 有复制copying,即可以直接定位。 Question 5 答案:D 关键词:Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor 定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…” 解题思路: 题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的,而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器,而且obstacles和impact对应。 Question 6 答案:A 关键词:Overview, funded support finance 定位原文: A段倒数第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…” 解题思路: finances是解题关键,意思为资助,正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项,直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议,可以确信答案。 Question 7 答案:E 关键词:Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship 定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...” 解题思路: 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段, 之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率,因此内容对应上calculate,此时可断定答案的位置。 Question 8 答案:A 关键词: digital cameras 定位原文: C段倒数第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…” 解题思路: 前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中,而没有提到其他国家,因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。 Question 9 答案:B 关键词:sensor 定位原文: D段第7句:“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…” 解题思路: 找到相同对应词sensor,读其前后的句子,发现有 Melbourne,断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时,表示正在开发;而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时,所以可以断定此发明还没有完成,应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。 Question 10 答案: A 关键词:protein 定位原文: D段倒数第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…” 解题思路: 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test ...protein。之后细读前后句,发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员,即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员,隶属于澳大利亚,所以应该选择A。 Question 11 答案:C 关键词: altitude tent 定位原文: F段倒数第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent "…” 解题思路: 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词 短语 ,因此只要细心读原句,就会发现开头的‘The same has happened..."同样的事情也发生在……根据 经验 应该顺着文章向上追溯,发现跟‘altitude tent"相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此 ‘altitude tent"也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用,即髙原帐蓬和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。 Question 12 答案: (a)competition model 关键词: help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing 定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…” 解题思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 对应上prepare the athlete by之后,要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced,断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应,中文意思是“开发”,则答案必定是开发之后的名词。 Question 13 答案: (by)2 percent/% 关键词: 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve 定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…” 解题思路: 分析问句是 ‘By how much... improve",意思为“提高了多少”,可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers" time。很快就可以找到数字百分之二 。
2023-06-13 13:50:091

帮忙翻译,谢谢各位

主要挥发性化合物被分析了在Hewlett- Packard 模型5890 系列II (Agilent 技术,PaloAlto 、加州, 美国) 气体色谱分析仪被装备以a 火焰电离探测器并且FFAP semicapillary0.53mm i.d.; 阶段厚度, 1.0 毫米)由Tecknokroma (巴塞罗那, 西班牙) 供应。射入被执行了在splitless 方式下(1 分钟)使用氦气作为运载气体在10 ml/min 。温度梯度是如下: 40 1.C 等温线5 分钟, 被a 跟随线性增量4 1.C/min 直到60 1.C 。这个温度注射器和探测器温度是240 和275 1.C 各自。 microfiltered 样品直接地被注射了入色谱分析仪(1 机器语言) 。标准解法(乙醛, 乙酸乙酯, 甲醇, 1 丙醇, 我丁醇, 1 丁醇,戊基酒精, 乙偶姻, 乙基分泌乳汁, hexanol, 2-phenilethanol) 由个体的稀释准备了化合物在ethanol/water 混合物(5/95) 。所有分析被执行了在一式三份。2.5. 统计分析差异分析(ANOVA) 完成测试扼要二个因素的作用学习了(萍果汁做技术并且收获) 在萍果汁的分析特征 SPSS 的手段(v.11.5.1) 为窗口统计包裹。
2023-06-13 13:50:333

drop shoulder什么意思

drop shoulder英[dru0254p u02c8u0283u0259uldu0259]美[drɑp u02c8u0283oldu025a]释义[医] 肩下垂,肩垂病双语例句 1Make sure to keep the shoulders and hips in opposition to each other and drop the shoulder and hips laterally ( i.e.curve the torso slightly, see below).一定要保持髋部和肩部相互对立的肩部和髋部和降躯干侧向(即曲线略有上升,见下文)。2The importance of the balance of fashion shoulder structure is analysed. The five factors of influencing the balance of shoulder slope, such as shoulder slope drop, shoulder pad, neck open, front/ back shoulder slope and shoulder dart are discussed.分析了服装肩部结构平衡的重要性,着重讨论了影响肩斜度结构平衡的五个方面&落肩、垫肩、横开领、前后肩斜度以及肩省。
2023-06-13 13:50:412