sled的现在分词

电器上这批不认识。插孔是什么意思那你就得找专业人士给你看看吧到底是啥意思

秋登兰山寄张五(孟浩然)

外，外部

IMPORTANT。

EXT忘了，ANT是外接天线。

存留的国语词典是：保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant。存留的国语词典是：保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant。注音是：ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。词性是：动词。拼音是：cúnliú。结构是：存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。二、引证解释⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”三、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词残留留存收取封存关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句存留谏笏而何存留不咀嚼存留谏笏关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的词语留一手留连忘返留余地大渐弥留苟留残喘留芳千古借书留真养虎留患留后路留落不遇关于存留的造句1、鄂西北的南漳县境内至今存留着大量的堡寨聚落，这些堡寨在历史上曾对保卫乡里、庇护乡民发挥过积极的防御作用。2、幸福的雨滴悄悄的降落，快乐的雨滴跟着报道。雨水节气，让细细的雨丝，为你拂去一切的忧愁，无论何时，愿你无忧，幸福依旧，快乐存留。3、孔雀鱼吞食子代的过程中会随机存留部分个体，此行为属于一种不分对象的自相残杀。4、斩头去尾，除了锅巴没有饭，存留在他手上的活钱就没余剩下几颗子儿来。5、展示房的所有陈列实物，无论是红木家具还是炉灶、小孩的课本，甚至口红、烟缸，全是二、三十年代石库门弄堂里所存留的旧时实物。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

你好！现存in stock

A 1. absorb=take in=assimilate=incorporate（incorporate sth into sth）吸收 incorporate=embrace=include 包括（反义：exclude, rule out, remove, preclude） 2. appealing=attractive=compelling=inviting=tempting=popular 吸引的 (appeal为名词时=popularity； beckon= attract 吸引) 3. absorbed=engrossed=fully engaged in 全神贯注=be not absent 4. abundant =abound with=a number of=do not lack=myriad of 大量的 5. accommodate=provide with=endow with 给予 6. accommodate to = adapt to=be accustomed to= 适应( gear 表示使适合) 7. accumulate=collect= build up= amass= gather 累积（增加）=increase (augment= increase 扩大) 8. adherent=advocate=supporter 支持者，拥护者 9. adjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoining 相邻的 10. advent=arrival=coming=introduction of sth 到来，引入 11. affair = event= occasion =matter=episode事情，事件 12. akin to=similar to=alike= analogous 相类似的（等于动词resemble） 13. allocate=distribute =designate 分配，指定钱或人如何使用 14. almost=nearly=virtually 几乎（程度之深） 15. aloft=overhead=above (在…上面) 16. alter=change=transform=fluctuate= be unstable 变化，不稳定（convert 使转变）be stable=do not change 17. anticipate= expect 期望，预料 18. antiseptic= sterilized=clean 无菌的，干净的 19. antithesis=oppose=disagree with= disapprove of 反对，不同意 20. apparent=obvious=evident明显A is made evident by B= B show A (in evidence=evident: It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets) 21. appreciable= noticeable=striking =conspicuous 显而易见的 22. approach= come closer to 靠近 23. approach= means= method=manner=avenue 方法, 方式 24. article=item=object 物品 25. assertion=strong statement 断言 26. as a rule=usually=generally 通常，一般来说 27. assorted=various 各种各样的 28. assist=benefit=help= aid=favor 对什么有好处或帮助( benefit 有时=boon=favor, boon=something useful that brings great benefits and make your life easier) 29. attribute=characteristic=feature=trait=property=hallmark 特点，特征( 请注意：character表个性，人物； be characterized by…具有…的特点) 30. attribute to= ascribe to =accredit to=due to= owe to 归因于…ely 长期地，根深蒂固地 6. claim=maintain=hold=argue that 认为，声称 7. classify=catalog=categorize 分类 8. coalesce=fuse=unite=come together 合并 9. collide with=run into=hit 碰撞 10. concise= shortened=simplified 精简化 11. compelling= persuasive=convincing 有说服力的 12. compelling= urgently requiring attention= pressing 急迫的（emergent） 13. compensate for =offset（counteract）=countervail补偿，抵消 14. compliment= praise=extol 赞美 15. component=constituent=element=ingredient 成分，要素 16. comprehensive=covering broadly= inclusive 包罗广泛的 17. control= refrain=regulate=govern 控制, 抑制，调节 18．consequence=result=outcome 结果 19. considerable= large in extent or degree= substantial 可观的，重要的 20. consist of=be made up of=comprised of= be composed of 由..组成 21. contrive=create=plan=invent 谋划，设计( invention=contrivance) 22. controversy=disagreement=argument 争议 23．corroborative=confirmative 确实的，确证的（make more certain） 24. critically=crucially=significantly 重要地（强调程度大）(critical还表示危急的=difficult to deal with, 如 the situation is most critical= the situation is worst) 25．crude =original= raw=natural=unprocessed 天然的 （crude oil） 26. conceal = hide = disguise = camouflage 隐藏，掩盖 27. conventional= customary=traditional 习俗上或传统上的 28．concentration=level 浓度，含量 29．conviction=belief (conviction还有定罪的意思=sentence)D 1. decimate=destroy 毁掉大部分(有时destroy=consume=ruin= devastate) 2. delegate= assign=appoint=commission 委派 3. delicate=dainty=elaborate(精美的) 4. delicate= fragile 脆弱的,如：delicate ecosystem balance 5. demanding=laborious=exacting=burdensome 费力的（需要更多力气，精力，责任等） 6. demonstrate=illustrate=show 表明，证实 7. dependable=reliable 可靠的 8. depict=describe=draw 描绘 9. desert=abandon=give up=discard=forsake=stop doing sth 放弃，抛弃 10. determining= deciding=conclusive 决定性的 11. devoted=dedicated 全身心的（具有奉献精神，或有强烈兴趣做某事） 12. devoid of ( devoid为形容词)= lack of= without= scant of 缺乏的 13. dictate= rule=reign=govern=decide 命令，规定（能控制或统治） 14. diminish = reduce=decrease=dwindle=taper (become smaller and smaller) 15. discern=tell the difference=discriminate=distinguish 区分 16. discharge= unload= emit=release=issue释放（有时=vent发泄） 17. disintegrate= rot=decay=spoil=decompose=degrade 降解（使整体变成部分）注意：disintegrate有时也=break/fall/tear apart=crumble碎掉 18. disperse=scatter=spread=disseminate=distribute=diffuse 分散( 使一个东西不同地方都有, 也就是：to separate and go in different directions) 19. dissuade= discourage 劝阻，鼓励不做什么事 20. diversity=variety=many and different 种类多 21. documented=recorded 被记录的 22. domestic=home 家里的（domestic还表示国内的= not be foreign） 23. draft=sketch=drawing=outline 起草，画（draft还有招募的意思） 24. draw=attract=appeal to=engage 吸引 25. duplicate=copy 复制品 xerox 表示静电复印件(a copy of a written document or image that is made with a Xerox machine) 26. dweller=resident=inhabitant=settler 居住者，定居者 －－－－－－－－－－ E: 1. earned=acquired=obtained=won=gained 获得的 2. elaborate= very detailed and complicated 复杂详尽的 3. eliminate=remove=eradicate=leave out=rule out= omit 消除, 删除（有时removed=extracted, extracted 表示被提取出来的; completely remove也可以=annihilate消灭） 4. embed=implant=insert 植入，插入 5. emerge=arise=appear 出现（emergence=appearance=emerging out ）这些动词含义接近advent=introduction这两个名词 6. encompass=include=incorporate=involve 包含 7. encourage=motivate= give incentive to sb 鼓励，激励 8. endangered=be in danger=threatened 受到威胁，处在危险中的 9. endeavor=attempt= enterprise=strive 努力尝试着去做 10. engage in=participate in=be involved in/with 参加(be involved in/with ,本意表示“涉及到，和什么有关联”) 11. enlarge=broaden 或 =inflate 变宽变大 (有时enlarge=magnify放大) 12. enlist=obtain=engage=hire 征募，雇佣 13. erroneous=wrong=incorrect 错误的 14. escalate=grow=expand 逐步增长或严重 15. estimate=rate=evaluate 评估 ratings 表示评定等级和收视率 16. evident=apparent=obvious=clear=explicit=pronounced明显的，明白的 17. examine= check=inspect closely=scrutinize=probe 探查 18. exceedingly=extremely =deeply 非常地 （To an advanced or unusual degree） 19. exclusive= sole=unique 独一无二的 20. exert=give 施加; exert=employ=wield=utilize=exploit=exercise 运用 21. exhausted=tired; exhausted=use up entirely 疲倦的 22. expedience=advantage 便利 （expedient= advisable 有用的，权宜之计的） 23. extant =remaining=remnant=relic extant 表示现存的 ，（后面3个单词可表示遗迹，遗留） 24. extent=degree=magnitude=scale 范围，程度 25. extraordinary=exceptional 非凡的（exceptional 还表异常的，比如exceptional child/education: 残疾儿童/特殊教育） 26. ephemeral= short-lived= transient 生命短暂的 27. evoke= arouse= create 唤起，引起 －－－－－－－－－－ F: 1. fade away= vanish=disappear 逐渐消失（memory is fading away） 2. function as= act as=serve as 起…作用 3. fixed= do not change=be not erratic/instable 固定的，不变的（有时fixed=immobile=motionless=static=stationary 不移动的, 静止的） 4. flexible=adaptable=elastic 可变通的 5. forage for=hunt for=search for 搜寻（食物等） 6. forge=create=invent=devise 建立，创造出 7. foster=cultivate 培养；foster= encourage 促进 8. friction=conflict 摩擦冲突（有时friction=disagreement） 9. facilitate=make easier 使什么容易（发生）=help to bring about 10. fragile=delicate=breakable=brittle 脆弱的，易碎的 11. freedom= independence; autonomous=unlimited=be not confined自由，未被限制的 12. formidable=difficult=tough 难以克服的，可怕的ce=effect 影响( A affect B = A has an effect on B) 4. impetus= momentum =stimulus= incentive 推动力，刺激物 5. imposing=impressive 印象深刻的 6. improvise=do without preparation= be not fixed 即兴的 7. in contrast=in comparison to 比较而言 8. inaccessible=unreachable=remote or unapproachable 难以接近的 9. inconceivable=unimaginable=unbelievable 不可思议的，难以置信的 10. inevitable=unavoidable 不可避免的 11. indirect=circuitous=roundabout 间接的，迂回的 12. infinite=unlimited= be not confined 没有受到限制的 13. ingenious=clever聪明的; ingenious=creative独特设计的 14. inherent= born=intrinsic=instinctive=natural 内在的，固有或天生的 15. instead of= rather than 而不是…(而other than, 除了=except) 16. intentionally= deliberately= not accidentally 故意的 17. intensity=strength 强度 （intense= very great or extreme） 18. intrigue=fascinate=interest=attract 使…感兴趣 19. irreparable (damage)=irrecoverable 无法修复的 20. isolated=separated=divorced 孤立的，分离的（有时isolated=unique, unique本制的 4. mandatory=required= obligatory 必须的，反义词：optional= selective 5. manifest=reveal=display=exhibit显示，表明 6. manipulate= operate 操控 7. markedly=significantly 显著地 8. match=equal 匹敌 9. material=physical 物质上的(physical还有表身体上的) 10. meager=scarce=rare=sparse=thin 少的 11. mighty=powerful 强大的 12. minute=very small= fine=tiny 极小的13. mirror=reflect 反映，反射 14. mobility=movement 移动 15. modest适度的=limited 有限的 16. modification=alteration 修正( modify=change或modify=weaken，需结合上下文和选项判断) 17. monotonous=boring=tedious=tiresome 单调，无聊的 18. mounting= increasing 逐渐增加的 19. myriad=numerous 多的 －－－－－－－－－－ N 1. notable= famous= well-known= popular= noted= renowned 著名的 2. novel=new=fresh 新的 3. not only= besides=apart fromO 1. obscure=unclear=blur=ambiguous: tears obscured my eyes. 使模糊 2. occasionally= sometimes= once in a while= accidentally 偶尔 3. organism=creature=living thing=biological living being 生物 4. originate= start from= initiate from 开始于( start=set in motion 开始) 5. ornament=decoration=adornment 装饰 6. oscillate= change frequently 频繁的变化 7. overall=total 总的 8. overlap= cover 覆盖，重叠 9. oversee=supervise 监管 10. overwhelming= dominating 无法抗拒的, 自己被控制或受支配 P: 1. paradoxical=seemingly contradictory 看似矛盾的（有时=plausible 表示貌似可信的） 2. patch= small area=lot 小块土地 （patchy表示斑块的，也就这个地方有一点，那个地方也有一点，分布，组成，质量不太规则） 3. patron=sponsor=donator 赞助人 4. peculiar=strange=eccentric 奇怪的,古怪的(有时eccentric=erratic, 这里erratic为deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; 比如：erratic behavior) 5. penetrate=pierce= enter= to gain entrance to渗入 6. periodically=regularly 周期性地 7. perishable=be easy to spoil 易坏的 8. permit=allow=consent 允许 9. persist=endure 持续

V.: expect, extract, extemporize, exaggerate, examine, express, expand, exhalen.: execution, exercise, exclamation, exasperationadj.: exalting, exact, extant, extemporaneous上面的单词都是可以互相活用的，动词活用为名词，名词活用为动词，动词活用为形容词。所以说，又会变出好多，啦啦啦~

泰国旅游景点英文介绍1，曼谷泰国大王宫（Grand palace, Bangkok, Thailand）Bangkok Thailand"s grand palace, also known as the Palace Museum, is the palace of the king of Thailand"s Bangkok dynasty king I to king viii.（曼谷泰国大王宫又称故宫，是泰国曼谷王朝一世王至八世王的王宫。）The grand palace covers a total area of 218,400 square meters and is located in the center of the capital Bangkok.（大王宫的总面积为21.84万平方米，位于首都曼谷市中心。）Nestled beside the chao phraya river, it is the most spectacular collection of ancient buildings in Bangkok.（依偎在湄南河畔，是曼谷市内最为壮观的古建筑群。）2，玉佛寺（The jade Buddha temple）Jade Buddha temple is located in the northeast corner of Bangkok grand palace.（玉佛寺位于曼谷大王宫的东北角。）It is the most famous buddhist temple in Thailand and one of the three national treasures of Thailand.（是泰国最著名的佛寺，也是泰国三大国宝之一。）The jade Buddha temple, built in 1784, is part of the grand palace of Thailand.（建于1784年的玉佛寺是泰国大王宫的一部分，面积约占大王宫的1/4。）3，普吉岛（Island of phuket）Phuket, the "pearl" of the andaman sea and the largest island in Thailand, is a typical tourist resort in southeast Asia.（泰国最大的岛屿、安达曼海的“珍珠”普吉岛是东南亚具有代表性的旅游度假胜地。）4，芭堤雅（pattaya）Pattaya, famous for its sunshine, sand beach and seafood, is known as the "Oriental Hawaii" and is a world famous new seaside resort.（芭堤雅，以阳光、沙滩、海鲜名扬天下，被誉为“东方夏威夷”，是世界著名的新兴海滨旅游度假胜地。）5，皮皮岛（phi）phi island is about 20 kilometers southeast of phuket, Thailand.（皮皮岛位于泰国普吉岛东南约20公里处。）It is a sister island of two main islands, the big pipi in the north and the small pipi in the south.（是由两个主要岛屿（北部的大皮皮岛和南部的小皮皮岛）组成的姐妹岛。）参考资料来源：百度百科-泰国景点介绍英语作文 景点介绍英语带翻译作文范文1、The Lao Mount is one of the birth places of Taoism. Since the Spring and Autumn period, many wizards whowere engaged in preserving good health have gathered there. And it has become the nationally-renowned Immortal Mountain at the East Sea. After the founding of New China, the Qingdao municipal government funded it to repair and maintain temples in the mountain, and therefore the Taoism has been well preserved. Since the openingof the 3rd session of the 11th NPPCC, the city government began to gradually restore some temples, to implement the policies of religion, to call back Taoists, to rebuild the sculptures and to return the properties as planned. 2、翻译：老挝山是道教的出生的地方之一。自春秋时期,许多巫师在业余从事保护身体健康都聚集在那里。它已成为全国知名的山在东海。新中国成立后,青岛市政府资助的修理和维护寺庙在山上,因此道教一直保存完好。NPPCC openingof以来第三次会议11日,市政府开始逐渐恢复一些寺庙,实现政策的宗教,道教打来,重建雕塑和按计划返回的属性。中国旅游景点介绍，（英语的）故宫，意为过去的皇宫，就是过去人们常说的紫禁城，位于北京市中心。故宫建成于明永乐十八年（1420年），占地72万平方米，建筑面积16万平方米，有宫殿建筑9000多间，是中国乃至世界现存最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。Imperial Palace, Italy for past imperial palace, was Forbidden City which the past people often said that located at Beijing town center. the Imperial Palace completed the bright Yunglo 18 years in (in 1420), occupied a land area of 720,000 square meters, the floor space 160,000 square meters, had the palace to construct more than 9000, was Chinese and even the world extant most greatly most complete ancient times palace architectural complex.英语介绍景点简单英文介绍旅游景点：长城 China"s Great Wall is the greatest building project in human history of civilization.中国的长城是人类文明史中最伟大的建筑工程。It was built in Spring and Autumn period ，Warring states times, two thousand years _go.长城建造于两千年前的春秋战国时代。After the Qin state unified China. The chinese people connected the Great wall of various states.秦国统一中国后，中国人把各个战国的长城连接起来。Two generations of wise people have constructed The Great Wall intensively. _ast its project. It looks like rainbow rolling forward. It was possible to be called _orld miracle.聪明的两代人曾经密集地建造长城，扩展了它的工程. 它看起来象彩虹，滚滚向前. 它有可能被称作世界奇迹。It is the must for chinese people. When you repair Great Wall"s _uins in offical _ays.You will not only could witness Great Wall"s apparance that meandered in the hills and high moutains , but could also understand the chinese nation creation history , _reat wisdom and courage of chinese people. In December 1987, Great Wall was included in ‘"World heritage Name list‘".它是中国必须付出的代价，当你在正式的场合下，在废墟中修建长城，你不仅会见证它在高山和峻岭中婉延曲折的情景， 也会了解中华民族的创造历史以及中国人的勇气和智慧，在1987年12月，长城被归录在‘"世界遗产名录"中。

extinct的双解释义是：adj.(形容词)灭绝的,绝种的(ofakindofanimal)nolongerexisting消逝的,破灭的dead。extinct的双解释义是：adj.(形容词)灭绝的,绝种的(ofakindofanimal)nolongerexisting消逝的,破灭的dead。extinct的例句是用作形容词(adj.)Thisisanextinctspeciesoffish.这是一种已经灭绝的鱼。extinct的意思是adj.灭绝的；熄灭的；消亡的。一、详尽释义点此查看extinct的详细内容adj.(形容词)灭绝的失效的绝种的废除了的无合法继承人的熄灭了的消亡了的破灭了的过时的已消灭的已熄灭的已绝种的已废除的【律】已过时效的（火山等）死的v.(动词)使熄灭使灭绝消灭二、双解释义adj.(形容词)灭绝的,绝种的(ofakindofanimal)nolongerexisting消逝的,破灭的dead三、网络解释1.灭绝的：此是距离方法允许我们推论灭绝的(extinct)祖先的属性,在这个案例中是灭绝的(extinct)核苷序列.距离方法(DistanceMethods)需要在树建筑之前的在所有序列之间计算的成对距离.一旦获得距离矩阵,就可以利用各种方法来计算树.2._：4392m),华盛顿州北部靠近加拿大边境的贝克山(MountBaker,3285m),俄勒冈州的胡德山(MountHood,3426m)大部分火山都处于休眠状态(Dormant),少数已经完全熄灭(Extinct)比如俄勒冈州的杰斐逊山(MountJefferson3199m),3.灭种,熄灭了的：external外表,形式上,外部的|extinct灭种,熄灭了的|extinguish灭绝,熄灭四、例句Thisisanextinctspeciesoffish.这是一种已经灭绝的鱼。Thisspecieswillbeextinctinafewdecades.几十年后这个物种将会灭绝。Anextinctvolcanocannolongererupt.一个灭绝的火山已不能再爆发。Myhopeofgettingsomeemploymentwasextinct.我要找到工作的希望落空了。五、常见句型用作形容词(adj.)用作定语～+n.Isthereanythingcouldrekindlehisextinctpassion?有什么事情可重燃他逝去的热情呢?n.+～Thatwasafashionlongextinct.那是早已不流行的样式。用作表语S+be+～Dinosaurshavebeenextinctformillionsofyears.恐龙绝种几百万年了。Nowadaysthebeliefinmagicisalmostextinct.今天几乎无人相信巫术。Allhopeswereextinct.所有希望都破灭了。六、词汇搭配用作形容词(adj.)副词+～almostextinct几乎没有automaticallyextinct自行灭绝practicallyextinct几乎绝迹七、词源解说☆15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的exstinctus，意为熄灭。extinct的相关近义词abolished、dead、ended、extinguishedextinct的相关反义词extant、livingextinct的相关临近词extinction、external、extincteur、extinctive、extinctbook、extinctlake、extinctgene、extinctivity、extinctwork、extinctbooks、extinctblock、extinctplant点此查看更多关于extinct的详细信息

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在大事件“零时”（Zero Hour）中，时间扭曲者默存（Extant，原名汉克·霍尔Hank Hall，一个流亡帝君、反派）改变了时间线。在美国正义协会（JSA）与Extant交战时，Extant使JSA众英雄长期保持年轻的能力失效。包括睡魔在内的许多英雄被变老、被抹除。睡魔与野猫（Wildcat）一起迎战Extant，双双被变老数十岁。

Please go to "http://mathworld.wolfram.com/search/?query=Pythagoras&x=8&y=13"to see his mathematical achievementsPythagoras This documentary presents the life and times of one of the world"s greatest thinkers, Pythagoras. Known generally for his theorem concerning the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle, Pythagoras brings to light his other contributions in the fields of philosophy, astronomy, science, music, religion and politics. Pythagoras (fl. 530 BCE.) Pythagoras (fl. 530 BCE) must have been one of the world"s greatest men, but he wrote nothing, and it is hard to say how much of the doctrine we know as Pythagorean is due to the founder of the society and how much is later development. It is also hard to say how much of what we are told about the life of Pythagoras is trustworthy; for a mass of legend gathered around his name at an early date. Sometimes he is represented as a man of science, and sometimes as a preacher of mystic doctrines, and we might be tempted to regard one or other of those characters as alone historical. The truth is that there is no need to reject either of the traditional views. The union of mathematical genius and mysticism is common enough. Originally from Samos, Pythagoras founded at Kroton (in southern Italy) a society which was at once a religious community and a scientific school. Such a body was bound to excite jealousy and mistrust, and we hear of many struggles. Pythagoras himself had to flee from Kroton to Metapontion, where he died. It is stated that he was a disciple of Anaximander, his astronomy was the natural development of Anaximander"s. Also, the way in which the Pythagorean geometry developed also bears witness to its descent from that of Miletos. The great problem at this date was the duplication of the square, a problem which gave rise to the theorem of the square on the hypotenuse, commonly known still as the Pythagorean proposition (Euclid, I. 47). If we were right in assuming that Thales worked with the old 3:4:5 triangle, the connection is obvious. Pythagoras argued that there are three kinds of men, just as there are three classes of strangers who come to the Olympic Games. The lowest consists of those who come to buy and sell, and next above them are those who come to compete. Best of all are those who simply come to look on. Men may be classified accordingly as lovers of wisdom, lovers of honor, and lovers of gain. That seems to imply the doctrine of the tripartite soul, which is also attributed to the early Pythagoreans on good authority, though it is common now to ascribe it to Plato. There are, however, clear references to it before his time, and it agrees much better with the general outlook of the Pythagoreans. The comparison of human life to a gathering like the Games was often repeated in later days. Pythagoras also taught the doctrine of Rebirth or transmigration, which we may have learned from the contemporary Orphics. Xenophanes made fun of him for pretending to recognize the voice of a departed friend in the howls of a beaten dog. Empedocles seems to be referring to him when he speaks of a man who could remember what happened ten or twenty generations before. It was on this that the doctrine of Recollection, which plays so great a part in Plato, was based. The things we perceive with the senses, Plato argues, remind us of things we knew when the soul was out of the body and could perceive reality directly. There is more difficulty about the cosmology of Pythagoras. Hardly any school ever professed such reverence for its founder"s authority as the Pythagoreans. "The Master said so" was their watchword. On the other hand, few schools have shown so much capacity for progress and for adapting themselves to new conditions. Pythagoras started from the cosmical system of Anaximenes. Aristotle tells us that the Pythagoreans represented the world as inhaling "air" form the boundless mass outside it, and this "air" is identified with "the unlimited". When, however, we come to the process by which things are developed out of the "unlimited", we observe a great change. We hear nothing more of "separating out" or even of rarefaction and condensation. Instead of that we have the theory that what gives form to the Unlimited is the Limit. That is the great contribution of Pythagoras to philosophy, and we must try to understand it. Now the function of the Limit is usually illustrated from the arts of music and medicine, and we have seen how important these two arts were for Pythagoreans, so it is natural to infer that the key to its meaning is to be found in them. It may be taken as certain that Pythagoras himself discovered the numerical ratios which determine the concordant intervals of the musical scale. Similar to musical intervals, in medicine there are opposites, such as the hot and the cold, the wet and the dry, and it is the business of the physician to produce a proper "blend" of these in the human body. In a well-known passage of Plato"s Phaedo (86 b) we are told by Simmias that the Pythagoreans held the body to be strung like an instrument to a certain pitch, hot and cold, wet and dry taking the place of high and low in music. Musical tuning and health are alike means arising from the application of Limit to the Unlimited. It was natural for Pythagoras to look for something of the same kind in the world at large. Briefly stated, the doctrine of Pythagoras was that all things are numbers. In certain fundamental cases, the early Pythagoreans represented numbers and explained their properties by means of dots arranged in certain "figures" or patterns. order to determine what the historical Pythagoras actually thought and did. In order to obtain an accurate appreciation of Pythagoras" achievement, it is important to rely on the earliest evidence before the distortions of the later tradition arose. The popular modern image of Pythagoras is that of a master mathematician and scientist. The early evidence shows, however, that, while Pythagoras was famous in his own day and even 150 years later in the time of Plato and Aristotle, it was not mathematics or science upon which his fame rested. Pythagoras was famous (1) as an expert on the fate of the soul after death, who thought that the soul was immortal and went through a series of reincarnations; (2) as an expert on religious ritual; (3) as a wonder-worker who had a thigh of gold and who could be two places at the same time; (4) as the founder of a strict way of life that emphasized dietary restrictions, religious ritual and rigorous self discipline. It remains controversial whether he also engaged in the rational cosmology that is typical of the Presocratic philosopher/scientists and whether he was in any sense a mathematician. The early evidence suggests, however, that Pythagoras presented a cosmos that was structured according to moral principles and significant numerical relationships and may have been akin to conceptions of the cosmos found in Platonic myths, such as those at the end of the Phaedo and Republic. In such a cosmos, the planets were seen as instruments of divine vengeance (“the hounds of Persephone”), the sun and moon are the isles of the blessed where we may go, if we live a good life, while thunder functioned to frighten the souls being punished in Tartarus. The heavenly bodies also appear to have moved in accordance with the mathematical ratios that govern the concordant musical intervals in order to produce a music of the heavens, which in the later tradition developed into “the harmony of the spheres.” It is doubtful that Pythagoras himself thought in terms of spheres, and the mathematics of the movements of the heavens was not worked out in detail. But there is evidence that he valued relationships between numbers such as those embodied in the so-called Pythagorean theorem, though it is not likely that he proved the theorem.Pythagoras" cosmos was developed in a more scientific and mathematical direction by his successors in the Pythagorean tradition, Philolaus and Archytas. Pythagoras succeeded in promulgating a new more optimistic view of the fate of the soul after death and in founding a way of life that was attractive for its rigor and discipline and that drew to him numerous devoted followers.1. The Pythagorean Question 2. Sources 2.1 Chronological Chart of Sources for Pythagoras 2.2 Post-Aristotelian Sources for Pythagoras 2.3 Plato and Aristotle as Sources for Pythagoras 3. Life and Works 4. The Philosophy of Pythagoras 4.1 The Fate of the Soul—Metempsychosis 4.2 Pythagoras as a Wonder-worker 4.3 The Pythagorean Way of Life 5. Was Pythagoras a Mathematician or Cosmologist? Bibliography Primary Sources and Commentaries Secondary Sources Other Internet Resources Related Entries --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. The Pythagorean QuestionWhat were the beliefs and practices of the historical Pythagoras? This apparently simple question has become the daunting Pythagorean question for several reasons. First, Pythagoras himself wrote nothing, so our knowledge of Pythagoras" views is entirely derived from the reports of others. Second, there was no extensive or authoritative contemporary account of Pythagoras. No one did for Pythagoras what Plato and Xenophon did for Socrates. Third, only fragments of the first detailed accounts of Pythagoras, written about 150 years after his death, have survived. Fourth, it is clear that these accounts disagreed with one another on significant points. These four points would already make the problem of determining Pythagoras" philosophical beliefs more difficult than determining those of almost any other ancient philosopher, but a fifth factor complicates matters even more. By the third century AD, when the first detailed accounts of Pythagoras that survive intact were written, Pythagoras had come to be regarded, in some circles, as the master philosopher, from whom all that was true in the Greek philosophical tradition derived. By the end of the first century BC, a large collection of books had been forged in the name of Pythagoras and other early Pythagoreans, which purported to be the original Pythagorean texts from which Plato and Aristotle derived their most important ideas. A treatise forged in the name of Timaeus of Locri was the supposed model for Plato"s Timaeus, just as forged treatises assigned to Archytas were the supposed model for Aristotle"s Categories. Pythagoras himself was widely presented as having anticipated Plato"s later metaphysics, in which the one and the indefinite dyad are first principles. Thus, not only is the earliest evidence for Pythagoras" views meager and contradictory, it is overshadowed by the hagiographical presentation of Pythagoras, which became dominant in late antiquity. Given these circumstances, the only reliable approach to answering the Pythagorean question is to start with the earliest evidence, which is independent of the later attempts to glorify Pythagoras, and to use the picture of Pythagoras which emerges from this early evidence as the standard against which to evaluate what can be accepted and what must be rejected in the later tradition. Following such an approach, Walter Burkert, in his epoch-making book (1972a), revolutionized our understanding of the Pythagorean question, and all modern scholarship on Pythagoras, including this article, stands on his shoulders. For a detailed discussion of the source problems that generate the Pythagorean Question see 2. Sources, below.2. Sources2.1 Chronological Chart of Sources for Pythagoras300 AD Iamblichus (ca. 245-325 AD) On the Pythagorean Life (extant) Porphyry (234- ca. 305 AD) Life of Pythagoras (extant) Diogenes Laertius (ca. 200-250 AD) Life of Pythagoras (extant) 200 AD Sextus Empiricus (circa 200 AD) (summaries of Pythagoras" philosophy in Adversus Mathematicos [Against the Theoreticians], cited below as M.) 100 AD Nicomachus (ca. 50-150 AD) Introduction to Arithmetic (extant), Life of Pythagoras(fragments quoted in Iamblichus etc.) Apollonius of Tyana (died ca. 97 AD) Life of Pythagoras (fragments quoted in Iamblichus etc.) Moderatus of Gades (50-100) Lectures on Pythagoreanism (fragments quoted in Porphyry) Aetius (first century AD) Opinions of the Philosophers (reconstructed by H. Diels from pseudo-Plutarch, Opinions of the Philosophers [2nd AD] and Stobaeus, Selections [5th AD]) Pseudo-Pythagorean texts forged (starting as early as 300 BC but most common in the first century BC) 100 BC Alexander Polyhistor (b. 105 BC) his excerpts of the Pythagorean Memoirs are quoted by Diogenes Laertius 200 BC Pythagorean Memoirs (200 BC) (sections quoted in Diogenes Laertius) 300 BC Timaeus of Tauromenium 350-260 BC) (historian of Sicily) Academy Heraclides (ca. 380-310)Xenocrates (ca. 396-314)Speusippus (ca. 410-339) Lyceum Dicaearchus (ca.370-300)Aristoxenus (ca. 370-300)Eudemus (ca.370-300)Theophrastus (372-288)Aristotle (384-322) 400 BC Plato (427-347) 500 BC Pythagoras (570-490) reference;http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pythagoras/Pythagoras (fl. 530 BCE) must have been one of the world"s greatest men, but he wrote nothing, and it is hard to say how much of the doctrine we know as Pythagorean

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留存的近义词有：保存。留存的近义词有：保存。注音是：ㄌ一ㄡ_ㄘㄨㄣ_。结构是：留(上下结构)存(半包围结构)。词性是：动词。拼音是：liúcún。留存的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】留存liúcún。(1)保存。(2)存放。(3)存在;未消失。二、引证解释⒈存留，保存。引《元典章·圣政二·体察》：“他每_少有不交裁减，只依旧留存。”鲁迅《书信集·致赵家璧》：“至于木刻，最好是多与留存，因为小幅者多每页至少可容两幅也。”郭沫若《反正前后》第一篇四：“以往的记忆很模糊了，但是有一个记忆，特别是与望江楼有关的，却很鲜明地留存着。”三、国语词典保存、保留。如：「他仍留存著童年时收藏的书签。」词语翻译英语tokeep,topreserve,extant,toremain(fromthepast)_德语Verbleib(S)_,zurücklegen(V)_法语garder,conserver四、网络解释留存（词语）留存，读音liúcún，汉语词语，指存留，保存。关于留存的反义词淘汰消失淹没关于留存的诗句请走出你的书房谁说公路枯寂没有风光只要你还记得那沙沙的足响那草尖上留存的露珠儿是否已在空气中消散江水一定还是那么湛蓝湛蓝杭城的倒影在涟漪中摇荡那江边默默的小亭子哟可还记得我们的心愿和向往榕树下好木留存竟见实却让一半留存关于留存的单词capture关于留存的成语留尾巴关于留存的词语留一手苟留残喘留余地留后路自留地借书留真留连忘返留落不遇大渐弥留养虎留患关于留存的造句1、残酷的爱情在兵荒马乱的年代留存。2、时间，有着压迫、不赦免任何人的腐蚀力量，以及将所有事物归还土地的意志。能够耐受这些而留存下来的形与色，才是真正的美丽。杉本博司。3、留存收益的其它借项不是留存收益的增值就是红利。红利是分配给股票持有人的收益。4、留存美好，忘记悲哀，一切自在来源于选择。5、宁愿生命消失，只要声誉能够留存。点此查看更多关于留存的详细信息

第一个是名词残骸，遗体，第2个是动词是破坏某物的意思

《全明星漫画》第3期美国正义协会诞生于1940年出版的《全明星漫画》第3期(All Star Comics #3)[4]。闪电侠杰·加里克、绿灯侠艾伦·史考特、鹰人、睡魔、幽灵、Johnny Thunder、时侠和原子侠等人在一起聚会、喝茶，每人讲述自己的的故事，交流英雄生活。就这样，黄金时代的英雄们形成一个类似俱乐部茶会的小社团——美国正义协会(Justice Society of America)。早期的美国正义协会完全就是一个超级英雄的联谊社团，英雄们因为友情而相聚，并建立新的关系，合作打击犯罪。第5期中，协会接到了官方的求助，去追捕一个间谍团伙。从此开创了后来几十期里的行动模式：英雄们分成两个以上的小组对抗某罪犯或某组织的一连串犯罪企图，最后集体前往敌方基地解决事件。正义协会开始以一个英雄团体的形式活动，但仍是一个不成熟的团队。一些新成员例如星侠、午夜神医、恐惧先生等随后加入，而黄金时代的超人、蝙蝠侠和罗宾也是荣誉成员，但只客串过几次。当黄金时代结束，美国正义协会也一并结束，此后的12年中，这支超级英雄团队都没有出现。 Flash of Two Worlds随着白银时代开启，一群年轻的英雄崛起，美国正义联盟成立。这个时期，美国正义协会经常出现在《美国正义联盟》《闪电侠》《绿灯侠》等其他漫画刊物中。1961年的《闪电侠》第123期(The Flash #123)[5]讲述了一个名为“两个世界的闪电侠(Flash of Two Worlds)”的故事，这期漫画也从此成为接下来几十年DC漫画多元宇宙发展史的起点，众多的平行世界故事，多元宇宙危机从此不断涌现。来自地球一(Earth-One)的闪电侠Barry Allen穿越到了地球二(Earth-Two)，他发现在这个平行世界，他的偶像——漫画人物闪电侠Jay Garrick真的存在！而此时的美国正义协会已经解散了很长时间。两人相识，合作打击犯罪，并在《闪电侠》第129期再次合作。在《闪电侠》第137期——“不朽罪犯的复仇(Vengeance of the Immortal Villain!)”中，长生不老的超级罪犯，协会的老对手Vandal Savage逐个制伏了退休已久的协会的成员，还控制Barry捉住了Jay……故事最后，两位闪电侠阻止了Vandal Savage，Barry还激励了这群老牌英雄，于是，退休的协会成员们重新集结，重建了美国正义协会。随后的《美国正义联盟》(Justice League of America)和第21期、22、29期分别名为：“地球一的危机(Crisis on Earth-One!)、地球二的危机(Crisis on Earth-Two!)、地球三的危机(Crisis on Earth-Three!)”。《美国正义联盟》第21、22、29期故事中，美国正义协会收到了他们三个老对手——提琴手、冰柱和Wizard的挑战，成员渴望再次作为一个团队开始冒险，于是出山。与此同时，在地球一，根据蝙蝠侠的情报，正义联盟分成三队阻止炼金术士(Doctor Alchemy)、Chronos和Felix Faust三个超级罪犯抢劫银行。在激战中，三个超级罪犯神秘失踪。而炼金术士等人随后出现在地球二，与提琴手一伙人会面。商议过后，提琴手等人来到地球一，伪装成炼金术士一伙，与正义联盟对战。由于正义联盟被三人外表欺骗，对他们的真实能力一无所知，最终被俘，闪电侠Barry也失踪了。联盟用Merlin的水晶球联系闪电侠Barry，Barry告知联盟他在地球二，并告知联盟用水晶球将美国正义协会带到地球一，以帮助联盟解决困难。随后，美国正义协会与美国正义联盟会面，并联手对抗来自两个世界的超级罪犯。超级罪犯们认为一定有一个地球三可以脱身，但在逃脱之前便被抓获。协会与联盟结下友谊，并各自带走了相应的罪犯。后来，来自地球三的美国犯罪辛迪加(Crime Syndicate of America / CSA)向地球一的正义联盟发出挑战。美国正义协会随后又帮助正义联盟击败了他们。此后，美国正义协会经常和闪电侠、绿灯侠、正义联盟和其他白银时代英雄合作。而机器人英雄红色龙卷风是这个时期协会的第一个新成员，成为两个团体之间的纽带。 DC Special #29这个时期，美国正义协会回归了《全明星漫画》，并断断续续出现在不同的漫画中，以不同的方式补充、延续了白银时代的故事。在《DC特别呈现》第29期(DC Special #29)[7]中，讲述了美国正义协会在白银时代地球二背景下不为人知的起源：二战时期，为了阻止纳粹德国入侵英国，蝙蝠侠、绿灯侠和闪电侠几位英雄受美国总统罗斯福委托前往德国查探情报，被巨型机器人所擒。他们还发现希特勒掌握了命运之矛(Spear of Destiny)，可以操纵超级英雄，并召唤了北欧女武神进攻英美两国，妄图称霸世界。被命运博士召集的幽灵、鹰人和睡魔等英雄打退了德国海军的攻击。命运博士救出闪电侠三人，一众英雄使德国节节败退。英雄们击退了女武神，并帮助超人阻止了导弹轰炸白宫。最终，对罗斯福的刺杀也被英雄们阻止。因为命运之矛和圣杯的存在，英雄不能踏足欧洲和太平洋战场。罗斯福鼓励他们组成一支保卫美国本土的队伍，由超人命名的美国正义协会就此诞生。在日本轰炸珍珠港后，全明星队(All-Star Squadron)出现，这支队伍致力于与轴心国的超能力士兵战斗。全明星队汇集了众多英雄，美国正义协会、自由战士、常胜七勇士等团队的成员也在其中。《全明星队年刊》第3期中，年老的英雄们由于受到特殊射线的照射而减缓了衰老。这个时期回顾的内容还有：二战后，美国正义协会受到政治环境的影响，发生了许多事。由于麦卡锡主义大兴，英雄们曾因为不愿公开身份而选择解散退休。在随后的日子里，神力女孩和女猎手加入队伍，蝙蝠侠和恐惧先生牺牲。绿灯侠Alan Scott的一对儿女，翡翠(Jade)和黑曜石(Obsidian)加入了无限公司(Infinity,Inc)。政府因为蝙蝠侠留下的日记指控美国正义协会在二战中叛国，引发了一场审判……正义协会最后的日子“无限地球危机(Crisis on Infinite Earths)”发生，平行世界被删除或合并，历史被改写，许多新人物涌现，但也有许多人物因此消失。超人携妻子去往天堂维度，美国正义协会与美国正义联盟最终处于同一个世界——新地球(New Earth)中。危机过后，美国正义协会面临解散，但在解散之前，他们还有最后一个任务：在1986年“正义协会最后的日子(Last Days of the Justice Society)[8]”特刊中，正义协会的老英雄们觉察到又一场时空危机：在1945年的欧洲，希特勒用最后的手段，通过命运之矛召唤北欧神界的力量来帮助自己，吞噬时空，试图卷土重来，统治世界。命运博士和幽灵带着主力成员进入神界，牺牲自己，卷入了反复不停的“诸神的黄昏”，确保战斗一直循环，保护历史的延续性，永远地把神魔阻止在相互之间的厮杀中，只有神力女孩和闪星小子被命运博士救出。希特勒发现法术无效后，绝望自杀，遵循了现有的历史。无限公司的后辈为长辈举行了葬礼，自己的队伍没多久也解散了。 在1992年的“世界末日：地狱(Armageddon: Inferno)”事件中，为了对抗一个异世界恶魔，时空穿越者Wave Rider把美国正义协会的英雄从诸神的黄昏中释放了出来，回到现实世界参战，老英雄们随后在现代重组队伍。JSA #1后来，DC宇宙的第二次重启——零时(Zero Hour)事件发生，Alan Scott变得年轻，而控制时间的反派Extant造成了命运博士、原子侠、午夜医生和时侠的死亡，其他英雄也变得衰老，星侠把装备传给了儿子。另一方面，来自853世纪的机器人穿越到初代时侠牺牲的一刻用自己代替他受难，令初代时侠复活。正义协会最终再次解散。协会与正义联盟的后辈联谊，却遭遇五维世界的恶人和精灵王子LKZ的攻击，两大英雄团队一同应敌，艰难取胜。随后，睡魔Wesley Dodds逝世，受到他的指引，Sanderson Hawkins继承他的衣钵，带领队伍寻找并从邪恶法师Mordru手中拯救“命运之子”，在这个过程中许多新的英雄加入队伍。英雄们发现“命运之子”就是Hector Hall的转世，随后Hector成为新的命运博士，击败了Mordru。睡魔Sanderson Hawkins成为协会主席，并为协会提供了新总部。无限危机时，美国正义协会与至尊小超人(Superboy-Prime)交战。虽然后来至尊小超人制造出52个平行世界，但正义协会仍然存在于新地球。“52”时期无限危机后，“52”时期，黑亚当最终不能适应英雄原则导致了一系列冲突，最后他与队友反目。黑亚当开始建设自己的国家，但被外界势力侵略，亲人被杀，他开始追杀敌人，产生“第三次世界大战”，正义协会在北京与他激战，靠神奇队长的法术暂时压制了他。此后绿灯侠、闪电侠、野猫三人成为了最后的元老，他们开始着手重建队伍。核破、二代自由佳丽（杰西快客）、飓风、钢铁公民、美过先生等人先后加入。后来，正义会遇到了平行世界版本的美国正义协会——无限正义协会(Justice Society Infinity / JSI)和无限公司人物，还有地球-22“天国降临”中的超人。2010年，美国正义协会分裂，好斗的Magog认为协会已经过时，建立了名为All-Stars的新队伍，大多数青年队友加入了他的阵营，而绿灯侠、闪电侠、野猫三元老和一部分更保守的成员继续在正义协会中活动，搬迁到了快乐港。在快乐港，正义协会遭到纳粹第四帝国袭击，英雄们被击溃后纳粹逐渐征服了世界，多年后英雄们穿越回去修改了历史，并在快乐港击败第四帝国，世界恢复正常。星心失控“至黑之夜(Blackest Night)”事件中，黑灯戒指将死去英雄、家人、朋友的尸体变成僵尸，袭击了所有英雄，许多英雄在事件中牺牲。美国正义协会与黑灯苦战，核破死亡，神力女孩重伤，协会取得小范围的胜利。而Magog在随后的“至白之日(Brightest Day)”事件中也被杀，协会和All-Stars两支队伍逐渐靠得更近。后来，星心(Starheart)能量失控作乱，致使绿灯侠Alan Scott暴走，协会成员艰难与之对抗。最终，Alan与星心融合。绿灯侠和闪电侠在二战时放过的一个轴心国超能力婴儿Scythe从美国监押下逃出，毁灭了一座城市，绿灯侠消灭了他，但自己的脊椎也被打断，而闪电侠成为该城市长指挥重建。All-Star帮助了一个神秘超人类Prince，他自称本是世界上最伟大的英雄，但仇敌使世人都忘记了他。Alan Scott瘫痪后，为了控制星心能量不再失控，不愿接受治疗。在闪点前夕，一个堕落天神D"Arken苏醒，协会无法与之抗衡，情急之下，绿灯侠释放所有的星心能量，与他同归于尽。大事件“闪点(Flashpoint)”发生，DC宇宙重启。 新52 地球-2“闪点”过后，DC漫画公司开始发行“新52(The New 52)”系列。美国正义协会的部分相关英雄出现在《地球 2》(Earth 2)连载中。新的故事中，世界观被改变，历史也被改写。主线世界(Prime Earth)没有美国正义协会，但有鹰人、逐星女等英雄存在。原本属于美国正义协会的一些英雄们则重获青春，出现在“地球 2(Earth 2)”。在5年之前的天启星入侵中，超人被俘、蝙蝠侠和神奇女侠壮烈牺牲，幸存的地球满目疮痍。超级少女和罗宾离奇失踪（她们意外穿越到主世界，成为神力女孩和女猎手——世界最佳拍档）。5年之后，原子侠、钢铁公民、睡魔、红色龙卷风、奇迹先生、大芭达、红箭以及原本属于主世界的恐惧先生等英雄相继在地球2出现。新的英雄，绿灯侠Alan Scott、闪电侠Jay Garrick和命运博士Khalid Ben-Hassin崛起，成为新的三位一体，一起准备迎接严峻的挑战——第二次天启星入侵！意外“回归”的超人？神奇女侠的女儿？新的蝙蝠侠？加速支离破碎的地球？火坑里的秘密？危险和谜团接踵而至……

B

次经简介 　　次经（Apocryphal／Deuterocanonical Books），Apocryphal（外经、旁经、次经、伪经、伪书）一词来自希腊文αποκρυφοu03c2，原意是指被隐藏的事物（hidden things）。在古代，用这个辞汇指称的作品有三种：一、极为重要与珍贵的作品，作品内容深奥并涉及密传，因此仅供教团内部成员阅读，外教人与初归信者禁止阅读；二、指内容未臻完美、不够好的作品，多半因其内容被认为有问题、甚或染有异端色彩，尽管有参考价值，但重要性居次；三、公元4、5世纪之交的教会的圣经学者圣热罗尼莫（St. Jerome约342-420）将希腊文旧约——即：七十贤士译本（The Septuagint, LXX）——中，未见于希伯来正典中的古代作品，称为apocryphal。自5世纪以降，apocryphal一词的意义，基本上延续圣热罗尼莫的用法。 　　被圣热罗尼莫称为apocryphal的作品，虽然未被古代巴勒斯坦犹太人视为（希伯来）正典，可是它们于公元前3、2世纪以希腊文翻译经书时，被采录成为希腊文译本之希伯来经书的一部份，供海外犹太人（the Diaspora Jews）通行使用，并在1世纪基督宗教兴起时，成为基督徒「经书」（scriptures）的一部份，因此后来成为基督徒《圣经》「旧约」（Old Testament）的一部份，不仅与梅瑟五书（Torah）、先知书（books of the prophets）、智慧文学（the wisdom literature）等并列具有「经书」的同样地位，更常被早期教父们（例如：奥力振、亚历山大的亚大纳修、耶路撒冷的济利禄等）援引，圣奥思定（St. Augustine of Hippo 354-430）也曾清楚表明这些作品与旧约其他作品同等重要。因此，5世纪初教会圣经学家圣热罗尼莫所称之apocryphal，事实上自教会肇始之初开始，即属于《圣经》旧约的一部份，并且是因教会的缘故才被保留至今（而非犹太教）。圣热罗尼莫亦承认这些作品的权威性，在其负责之拉丁文译本圣经（the Latin Vulgate Bible）中，他收录这些作品并翻译成为拉丁文（除了The First and Second Books of Esdras以及The Prayer of Manasseh之外）。 　　圣热罗尼莫称apocryphal的作品，后来被天主教称为「次经」（deuterocanonical books, second canon）。这些作品有：《厄斯德拉上、下》（1 and 2 Esdras）、《多俾亚》（Tobit）、《友弟德传》（Judith）、《艾斯德尔传》尾章（Book of Esther）、《智慧篇》（Wisdom of Solomon）、《德训篇》（Ecclesiastius）、《巴路克》（Baruch）、《耶肋米亚书信》（A Letter of Jeremiah）、「阿匝黎雅祷词与三少年之歌」（The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three）、「达尼尔苏撒纳」（Daniel and Susanna）、「达尼尔、贝耳与大龙」（Daniel, Bel, and the Snake）、「默纳舍的祷词」（Prayer of Manasseh）、《玛加伯上、下》（1 and 2 Maccabees）。也因此，罗马天主教会与基督正教称apocryphal的作品，是针对不在上述「次经」（deuterocanonical）名单中的作品，例如：《禧年之书》（ The Book of Jubilees）、《亚当厄娃之书》（Life of Adam and Eve）、《依撒依亚殉道与升天》（Ascension of Isaiah）、《厄诺赫之书》（ The Secrets of Enoch）、《梅瑟约书》（Testament of Moses）、《撒罗满圣咏》（The Odes of Solomon）等等，这些作品天主教称为「伪经」，基督新教称为「伪书」（pseudepigrapha），房志荣神父指出，「伪经」的写作动机是把旧约圣经所报导的是加以补充说明，以推广宗教教导、坚定读者信仰，对研究新约时期前后各二百年的犹太民间信仰、及教会初期的某些异端暗流，仍有很高的参考价值。 　　希腊文与拉丁文的旧约圣经抄本，apocryphal作品分散在各本经书与各书章节中，与其他正典作品并无明显区隔，罗马天主教会与基督正教的圣经至今仍沿用此方式。16世纪起分裂的基督新教，由于拒绝承认旧约apocryphal作品正典性，因此在以地方语言（vernacular language）翻译圣经时，将旧约apocryphal作品（不论经书或是片段章节）抽离出来，或是集结起来放在《圣经》中的他处（例如：1526年出版的荷兰文圣经、1527-29年的瑞士文——德文圣经等），或直接删除不印（例如：1599年出版的日内瓦圣经），用以与罗马天主教会分庭亢礼（例如拒信炼狱存在、为亡者祈祷与献弥撒的有效性；参：《玛加伯下》12:43-46），同时借着新教基督徒重新编译的（新、旧约）《圣经》的正确性，强化其「圣经唯一」（Sola scriptura）的信理与教导。但由于这个做法造成阅读（以及圣经研究）的不便，因此近代圣经译本（尤其是供学术研究使用、或是强调大公合一精神的译本）均收录旧约apocryphal作品，但以不同的方式处理apocryphal经文，例如插入标题、增加注文与说明、或另外集结一处（en bloc）。旧约apocryphal作品的恢复、翻译与考证，是近代圣经学界极为重要的课题。 　　旧约apocryphal作品与《圣经》的关系与其正典性，一千多年来始终争论不休，未能有一致的看法。尽管如此，apocryphal对于后人认识（并且研究）身处上古希腊罗马时期的犹太教、基督宗教初期时的价值与重要性，则是毋庸置疑的。近代国际学界圣经译本收录旧约apocryphal作品，并且不刻意贬低价值与重要性的做法，是一个重要的时代记号：基督徒（尤其是圣经学者）放下宗派的差异性与神学争论，共同接纳并且深入研究这些古犹太作品，借此一方面反省基督徒与犹太教徒从一开始就存在的紧密互动、相互依存的血脉关系，同时，在向古代犹太与基督徒神学家们学习时，也学习欣赏宗派之间的共通性与差异性。在去芜存菁、存异求同的互动与交流中，向团结合一的目标迈进。 　　Apocryphal作品在新约圣经的研究领域中，则与旧约完全不同，而他们尽管具有权威性、或重要参考价值，但至于它们是否具有正典经书地位，则几乎所有宗派一律不承认，即便部份作品— —例如被后代学界称为宗徒教父（the Apostolic Fathers）的若干作品——被收录于若干古圣经抄本中。目前被称为新约apocryphal的作品，除了宗徒教父作品之外，另外还有以下几类：耶稣语录类（agrapha）、亡轶福音书类（lost gospels）、现存福音书补编类（extant apocryphal gospels） 、圣母玛利亚福音书类（Marian gospels）、耶稣童年故事类（stories about Jesus" birth）、耶稣下降阴府记事类（Descensus ad Inferos）、行传类（apocryphal Acts）、书信类（apocryphal epistles） 、默示天启类（apocryphal apocalypses）、圣母升天类（assumption of Mary）等。这些新约apocryphal作品尽管在新约圣经中不具有正典性，但是不可否认，它们依旧影响了中世纪欧洲的宗教生活、神学思想、文化与艺术（例如文学、戏剧、雕塑、绘画等），并且延续到今日，成为基督信仰的活传统（living tradition）之一。 　　《智慧篇》（Wisdom of Solomon）是重要的「次经」作品之一，从教会初期开始便成为基督徒的旧约经书之一。罗马天主教会与基督正教均承认这部作品的正典性与神圣经书的地位。它的成书年代是公元前1世纪，作者是一名海外犹太神学家，地点应是在亚历山大城。这部作品与《德训篇》（Ecclesiasticus）是海外犹太人在强盛的希腊罗马文化历史环境中，对以色列信仰传统的反思与捍卫之作，内容不仅反映了希腊哲学对海外犹太神学思想的影响，也同时呈现出雅威传统（Yahwistic tradition）中对「智慧」的教导以及宇宙观，对初期教会基督徒的影响甚巨。 　　以《智慧篇》为主的一本学术专书，内容除了翻译《智慧篇》的经文内容之外，也提供详细考证与注释。本书为The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries系列丛书，由David Winston博士于1979年出版。David Winston博士是希腊与犹太研究的资深学者，美国加州柏克莱联合神学院于1968年创设「犹太研究中心」（The Center for Jewish Studies ）时，他不仅被邀请担任教授，并且担任首届主任。

不择手段记单词。一切能联系起来的方式你都可以用

周礼的英文翻译可作“Rites of the Zhou”或者“ZhouLi” 详见下面一段英文资料： Zhouli 周礼 "Rites of the Zhou" The Zhouli is one of four extant collections of ritual matters of the Zhou Dynasty 周.The final redactional work on these books took place during the Han Dynasty.Three of them were incorporated into the Canon of Confucian Classics:Liji 礼记,Yili 仪礼,and Zhouli.The fourth,the Da Dai Liji 大戴礼记,has only survived in fragments and was almost forgotten for centuries.

　　莎士比亚是英国文学史上最杰出的戏剧家，也是西方文艺史上最杰出的作家之一，全世界最卓越的文学家之一。他流传下来的作品包括37部戏剧、155首十四行诗、两首长叙事诗和其他诗歌。他的戏剧有各种主要语言的译本，且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家的作品。下面是我为大家带来莎士比亚经典诗歌赏析，希望大家喜欢! 　 　莎士比亚经典诗歌： 　　I never saw that you did painting need 　　And therefore to your fair no painting set; 　　I found, or thought I found, you did exceed 　　The barren tender of a poet"s debt; 　　And therefore have I slept in your report, 　　That you yourself being extant well might show 　　How far a modern quill doth come too short, 　　Speaking of worth, what worth in you doth grow. 　　This silence for my sin you did impute, 　　Which shall be most my glory, being dumb; 　　For I impair not beauty being mute, 　　When others would give life and bring a tomb. 　　There lives more life in one of your fair eyes 　　Than both your poets can in praise devise. 　　我从不觉得你需要涂脂荡粉， 　　因而从不用脂粉涂你的朱颜; 　　我发觉，或以为发觉，你的丰韵 　　远超过诗人献你的无味缱绻： 　　因此，关于你我的歌只装打盹， 　　好让你自己生动地现身说法， 　　证明时下的文笔是多么粗笨， 　　想把美德，你身上的美德增华。 　　你把我这沉默认为我的罪行， 　　其实却应该是我最大的荣光; 　　因为我不作声于美丝毫无损， 　　别人想给你生命，反把你埋葬。 　　你的两位诗人所模拟的赞美， 　　远不如你一只慧眼所藏的光辉。 　 　莎士比亚经典诗歌： 　　Who is it that says most? which can say more 　　Than this rich praise, that you alone are you? 　　In whose confine immured is the store 　　Which should example where your equal grew. 　　Lean penury within that pen doth dwell 　　That to his subject lends not some small glory; 　　But he that writes of you, if he can tell 　　That you are you, so dignifies his story, 　　Let him but copy what in you is writ, 　　Not making worse what nature made so clear, 　　And such a counterpart shall fame his wit, 　　Making his style admired every where. 　　You to your beauteous blessings add a curse, 　　Being fond on praise, which makes your praises worse. 　　谁说得最好?哪个说得更圆满 　　比起这丰美的赞词："只有你是你"? 　　这赞词蕴藏着你的全部资产， 　　谁和你争妍，就必须和它比拟。 　　那枝文笔实在是贫瘠得可怜， 　　如果它不能把题材稍事增华; 　　但谁写到你，只要他能够表现 　　你就是你，他的故事已够伟大。 　　让他只照你原稿忠实地直抄， 　　别把造化的清新的素描弄坏， 　　这样的摹本已显出他的巧妙， 　　使他的风格到处受人们崇拜。 　　你将对你美的祝福加以咒诅： 　　太爱人赞美，连美也变成庸俗。

赊购交易。。。。。。

William Shakespeare (1564-1616), the foremost writer, prominent dramatist and poet in the European Renaissance. He created a large number of popular literary works, occupies a special position in the history of European literature, has been hailed as "Olympus Zeus in human literature." He is also known as the four great tragedies of ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564－1616年），欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人。他创作了大量脍炙人口的文学作品，在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹斯山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库罗斯（Aeschylus）、索福克里斯（Sophocles）及欧里庇得斯（Euripides），合称为戏剧史上四大悲剧家。趣闻：莎士比亚的女儿不识字Two of the three Shakespeare children survived, namely Susannah and Judith. Sister looks barely able to sign their name, but Judith really can only use the pen as a marker painted painting. At that time, however, literacy skills were applied to specialized areas such as trade and most of them were male and female. Shakespeare"s age does not value women"s level of knowledge.莎翁夫妇的三个孩子中，两个活了下来，也就是Susannah和Judith。大姐貌似可以勉强签下自己的名字，但 Judith 真的只能拿笔做做标记涂涂画画了。但在那个时期，读写能力是项运用于特定贸易等专业领域的技术，大多数传男不传女。莎士比亚的年代并不重视女性的知识水平。作品梗概：《哈姆雷特》Danish prince Hamlet suddenly took his father"s death message while attending the University of Wuedenburg in Germany. After returning to his motherland, he encountered successively the succession of his uncle Claudius and the series of incidents that his uncle and mother, Jottulud, got rushed to marry one month after their father"s funeral. This makes Hamlet full of doubts and dissatisfaction. Immediately after Horatio and Bonnetton stood there, the ghost of his father Hamlet was revealed, stating that he had been poisoned by Claudius and asked Hamlet to avenge himself. Subsequently, Hamlet use crazy to cover themselves and through the "play in the game" confirmed his uncle is indeed killing the enemy. Claudius tried to get rid of Hamlet by the King by mistakenly killing the beloved Ophelia"s father, Polonnes, but Hamlet escaped to Denmark but learned that Ophelia committed suicide and had to accept it Duel with his brother Leo Tertis. Hamlet"s mother, Jottulud, ducked in for poisoning Claudius for poisoned alcohol prepared by Hamlet, and both Hamlet and Leometis were among the poisoned swords, knowing that the poisoned Hamlet was killed before his death Claudius dies and exhorts a friend Horatio to tell his story later.丹麦王子哈姆雷特在德国威登堡大学就读时突然接到父亲的死讯，回国奔丧时接连遇到了叔父克劳狄斯即位和叔父与母亲乔特鲁德在父亲葬礼后一个月匆忙结婚的一连串事变，这使哈姆雷特充满了疑惑和不满。紧接着，在霍拉旭和勃那多站岗时出现了父亲老哈姆雷特的鬼魂，说明自己是被克劳狄斯毒死并要求哈姆雷特为自己复仇。随后，哈姆雷特利用装疯掩护自己并通过"戏中戏"证实了自己的叔父的确是杀父仇人。由于错误地杀死了心爱的奥菲莉亚的父亲波罗涅斯，克劳狄斯试图借英王手除掉哈姆雷特，但哈姆雷特趁机逃回丹麦，却得知奥菲莉亚自杀并不得不接受了与其兄雷欧提斯的决斗。决斗中哈姆雷特的母亲乔特鲁德因误喝克劳狄斯为哈姆雷特准备的毒酒而中毒死去，哈姆雷特和雷欧提斯也双双中了毒剑，得知中毒原委的哈姆雷特在临死前杀死了克劳狄斯并嘱托朋友霍拉旭将自己的故事告诉后来人。

存留的词语解释是：（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。存留的词语解释是：（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。词性是：动词。结构是：存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。拼音是：cúnliú。注音是：ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、引证解释【点此查看计划详细内容】⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”二、国语词典保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant三、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词封存残留收取留存关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句画亦幸存留比勘安得名存留存留金蕊天偏与关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的词语留后路留一手借书留真大渐弥留留余地养虎留患留落不遇自留地留连忘返苟留残喘关于存留的造句1、幸福的雨滴悄悄的降落，快乐的雨滴跟着报道。雨水节气，让细细的雨丝，为你拂去一切的忧愁，无论何时，愿你无忧，幸福依旧，快乐存留。2、孔雀鱼吞食子代的过程中会随机存留部分个体，此行为属于一种不分对象的自相残杀。3、展示房的所有陈列实物，无论是红木家具还是炉灶、小孩的课本，甚至口红、烟缸，全是二、三十年代石库门弄堂里所存留的旧时实物。4、鄂西北的南漳县境内至今存留着大量的堡寨聚落，这些堡寨在历史上曾对保卫乡里、庇护乡民发挥过积极的防御作用。5、斩头去尾，除了锅巴没有饭，存留在他手上的活钱就没余剩下几颗子儿来。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

反义词：extant；active。extinct英 [u026aku02c8stu026au014bkt] 美 [u026aku02c8stu026au014bkt] adj.灭绝的;绝种的;消逝的;破灭的Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种几百万年了

存留的读音是：cúnliú。存留的拼音是：cúnliú。结构是：存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。注音是：ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。词性是：动词。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。二、引证解释⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”三、国语词典保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant四、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词留存残留封存收取关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句存留谏笏故衫敝袷存留着不教遗址且存留关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的词语借书留真养虎留患留余地留落不遇大渐弥留留一手留连忘返留芳千古留后路苟留残喘关于存留的造句1、幸福的雨滴悄悄的降落，快乐的雨滴跟着报道。雨水节气，让细细的雨丝，为你拂去一切的忧愁，无论何时，愿你无忧，幸福依旧，快乐存留。2、清风揽明月，祝福悄悄走。白云深处千山远，一片温馨永存留。牵挂丝丝剪不断，化作绕指柔。早安，祝你清晨多愉快！3、死神也无法夸口让你在它的阴影里逗留，当你在这不朽的诗句中永远地生息存留：只要人类还在呼吸，只要眼睛还在阅读，我这首诗就会存在，你的生命就会存在。莎士比亚。4、：我今天下午去新厂区，如果有人找我，请帮我保存留言。5、船型存留陷入万劫不复的黑暗中，那一方养育百把十人的水库没有了，留下的是形象怪异，酷似风烛残年老者佝偻身躯的怪柳。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

存留的词语有：留落不遇，留芳千古，借书留真。存留的词语有：借书留真，苟留残喘，留芳千古。2：拼音是、cúnliú。3：注音是、ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。4：结构是、存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。5：词性是、动词。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。二、引证解释⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”三、国语词典保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant四、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词封存留存残留收取关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句不教遗址且存留安得名存留存留金蕊天偏与关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的造句1、孔雀鱼吞食子代的过程中会随机存留部分个体，此行为属于一种不分对象的自相残杀。2、船型存留陷入万劫不复的黑暗中，那一方养育百把十人的水库没有了，留下的是形象怪异，酷似风烛残年老者佝偻身躯的怪柳。3、清风揽明月，祝福悄悄走。白云深处千山远，一片温馨永存留。牵挂丝丝剪不断，化作绕指柔。早安，祝你清晨多愉快！4、：我今天下午去新厂区，如果有人找我，请帮我保存留言。5、幸福的雨滴悄悄的降落，快乐的雨滴跟着报道。雨水节气，让细细的雨丝，为你拂去一切的忧愁，无论何时，愿你无忧，幸福依旧，快乐存留。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

存留的引证解释是：⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”。存留的引证解释是：⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”。拼音是：cúnliú。结构是：存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。词性是：动词。注音是：ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。二、国语词典保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant三、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词收取残留留存封存关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句而何存留不咀嚼不教遗址且存留不教遗址且存留关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的词语留一手苟留残喘留落不遇留余地自留地大渐弥留养虎留患留芳千古留连忘返借书留真关于存留的造句1、斩头去尾，除了锅巴没有饭，存留在他手上的活钱就没余剩下几颗子儿来。2、展示房的所有陈列实物，无论是红木家具还是炉灶、小孩的课本，甚至口红、烟缸，全是二、三十年代石库门弄堂里所存留的旧时实物。3、清风揽明月，祝福悄悄走。白云深处千山远，一片温馨永存留。牵挂丝丝剪不断，化作绕指柔。早安，祝你清晨多愉快！4、船型存留陷入万劫不复的黑暗中，那一方养育百把十人的水库没有了，留下的是形象怪异，酷似风烛残年老者佝偻身躯的怪柳。5、死神也无法夸口让你在它的阴影里逗留，当你在这不朽的诗句中永远地生息存留：只要人类还在呼吸，只要眼睛还在阅读，我这首诗就会存在，你的生命就会存在。莎士比亚。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

存留的读音是：cúnliú。存留的拼音是：cúnliú。词性是：动词。注音是：ㄘㄨㄣ_ㄌ一ㄡ_。结构是：存(半包围结构)留(上下结构)。存留的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】（动）留存：这本书的手稿没～下来。二、引证解释⒈保留；保存；留下。引宋朱熹《答梁文叔》：“教人如此发愤勇猛向前，日用之间，不得存留一毫人欲之私在这里。”明李东阳《求退录》：“昨者恳乞退休，事同一体，健迁皆荷圣恩，获蒙俞允，而臣独被存留。”鲁迅《书信集·致叶紫》：“那集子里，有几篇到现在也还可存留。”⒉清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。引《清史稿·食货志二》：“清初定制，凡遇灾蠲，起运存留均减，存留不足，即减起运。”清黄六鸿《福惠全书·莅任·查交代》：“徵收起解存留，俱有定数。”⒊泛指商家积存的货、款。引《儒林外史》第二一回：“我从今日起，就把店里的事，即交付与你，一切买卖、赊欠、存留，都是你自己主张。”三、国语词典保存、留下。词语翻译英语remaining,extant四、网络解释存留存留是汉语词汇，拼音cúnliú，释义：1、保留；保存；留下。2、清代地方政府所征税粮中，留下供本地开支的部分。3、.泛指商家积存的货、款。出自《答梁文叔》。关于存留的近义词收取留存残留封存关于存留的反义词丢弃关于存留的诗句画亦幸存留比勘安得名存留到那天一切都不存留关于存留的成语留尾巴关于存留的词语留一手留后路养虎留患自留地借书留真留余地留芳千古大渐弥留苟留残喘留连忘返关于存留的造句1、清风揽明月，祝福悄悄走。白云深处千山远，一片温馨永存留。牵挂丝丝剪不断，化作绕指柔。早安，祝你清晨多愉快！2、幸福的雨滴悄悄的降落，快乐的雨滴跟着报道。雨水节气，让细细的雨丝，为你拂去一切的忧愁，无论何时，愿你无忧，幸福依旧，快乐存留。3、：我今天下午去新厂区，如果有人找我，请帮我保存留言。4、鄂西北的南漳县境内至今存留着大量的堡寨聚落，这些堡寨在历史上曾对保卫乡里、庇护乡民发挥过积极的防御作用。5、我们走运了，看样子这些绳纹人似乎不太擅长清洗厨具，所以在这些陶罐陶钵里头还残留有一些已经碳化了的食物残渣，就是这种器皿内部表面存留的黑色沉淀物。点此查看更多关于存留的详细信息

Euclid"s Elements (Greek: Στοιχεu1fd6α) is a mathematical and geometric treatise consisting of 13 books written by the Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria circa 300 BC. It prises a collection of definitions postulates (axioms) propositions (theorems and constructions) and mathematical proofs of the propositions. The thirteen books cover Euclidean geometry and the ancient Greek version of elementary number theory. With the exception of Autolycus" On the Moving Sphere the Elements is one of the oldest extant Greek mathematical treatises[1] and it is the oldest extant axiomatic deductive treatment of mathematics.[2] It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science. Euclid"s Elements is the most successful[3][4] and influential[5] textbook ever written. Being first set in type in Venice in 1482 it is one of the very earliest mathematical works to be printed after the invention of the printing press and is second only to the Bible in the number of editions published [5] with the number reaching well over one thousand.[6] It was used as the basic text on geometry throughout the Western world for about 2 000 years. For centuries when the quadrivium was included in the curriculum of all university students knowledge of at least part of Euclid"s Elements was required of all students. Not until the 20th century by which time its content was universally taught through school books did it cease to be considered something all educated people had read.[7] 《几何原本》（希腊语：Στοιχεu1fd6α）是古希腊数学家欧几里德所著的一部数学著作，共13卷。这本著作是现代数学的基础，在西方是仅次于《圣经》而流传最广的书籍。 几何 [Mathematics] geometry 参考: ME

记录留存Record keeping留存 [词典] keep; remain; preserve; be extant; subsistence; [例句]我喜欢在手头留存一些信封，以备不时之需。I like to keep a few envelopes about in case I need them.

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 周礼的英文翻译是什么．是li,zhou吗？ 解析: 周礼的英文翻译可作“Rites of the Zhou”或者“ZhouLi” 详见下面一段英文资料： Zhouli 周礼 "Rites of the Zhou"The Zhouli is one of four extant collections of ritual matters of the Zhou Dynasty 周. The final redactional work on these books took place during the Han Dynasty. Three of them were incorporated into the Canon of Confucian Classics: Liji 礼记, Yili 仪礼, and Zhouli. The fourth, the Da Dai Liji 大戴礼记, has only survived in fragments and was almost fotten for centuries. 地址：chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Classics/zhouli

问题一：鸭嘴兽的英文名叫什么？ duckbill,platypus鸭嘴兽 问题二：鸭嘴兽的英文介绍 The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Ta *** ania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. It is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species have been found in the fossil record. The bizarre appearance of this egg-laying, venomous, duck-billed, beaver-tailed, otter-footed mammal baffled European naturalists when they first encountered it, with some considering it an elaborate fraud. It is one of the few venomous mammals, the male platypus having a spur on the hind foot that delivers a venom capable of causing severe pain to humans. The unique features of the platypus make it an important subject in the study of evolutionary biology and a recognisable and iconic symbol of Australia; it has appeared as a mascot at national events and is featured on the reverse of the Australian 20 cent coin. The platypus is the animal emblem of the state of New South Wales.[3] Until the early 20th century it was hunted for its fur, but it is now protected throughout its range. Although captive breeding programmes have had only limited success and the platypus is vulnerable to the effects of pollution, it is not under any immediate threat. 问题三：鸭嘴兽简介英语简短 The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a semi-aq丹atic mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Ta *** ania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. It is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species have been found in the fossil record. 这是维基上的英文介绍，也就是英文版的百度百科，没有比这个更好的了

留存的解释(1) [preserve;keep]∶保存 (2) [keep on file]∶存放 此稿留存 (3) [remain;be extant]∶存在;未 消失 详细解释 存留，保存。 《元典章·圣政二·体察》 ：“他每说少有不交裁减，只 依旧 留存。” 鲁迅 《书信集·致赵家璧》 ：“ 至于 木刻， 最好 是多与留存，因为小幅者多……每页至少可容两幅也。” 郭沫若 《反正前后》 第一篇四：“以往的记忆很 模糊 了， 但是 有一个记忆， 特别 是与 望江楼 有关的，却很鲜明地留存着。” 词语分解 留的解释 留 ú 停止在某一个地方：停留。留学。留任。留级。留步。留守。留驻。 注意 力放在上面：留心。 留神 。 留意 。 不忍舍弃，不忍离去： 留连 。 留恋 。 不使离开：留客。留宿。挽留。拘留。 接受：收留。 保存：保留 存的解释 存 ú 东西 在那里，人活着：存在。存亡。生存。 保留，留下：保存。留存。存照。存疑。去伪存真。 寄放：寄存。 停聚：存水。 怀有，怀着：存心。不存任何 奢望 。 亡去取 部首 ：子； 笔顺编号

留存的解释(1) [preserve;keep]∶保存 (2) [keep on file]∶存放 此稿留存 (3) [remain;be extant]∶存在;未 消失 详细解释 存留，保存。 《元典章·圣政二·体察》 ：“他每说少有不交裁减，只 依旧 留存。” 鲁迅 《书信集·致赵家璧》 ：“ 至于 木刻， 最好 是多与留存，因为小幅者多……每页至少可容两幅也。” 郭沫若 《反正前后》 第一篇四：“以往的记忆很 模糊 了， 但是 有一个记忆， 特别 是与 望江楼 有关的，却很鲜明地留存着。” 词语分解 留的解释 留 ú 停止在某一个地方：停留。留学。留任。留级。留步。留守。留驻。 注意 力放在上面：留心。 留神 。 留意 。 不忍舍弃，不忍离去： 留连 。 留恋 。 不使离开：留客。留宿。挽留。拘留。 接受：收留。 保存：保留 存的解释 存 ú 东西 在那里，人活着：存在。存亡。生存。 保留，留下：保存。留存。存照。存疑。去伪存真。 寄放：寄存。 停聚：存水。 怀有，怀着：存心。不存任何 奢望 。 亡去取 部首 ：子； 笔顺编号

孤本的解释(1) [only existing copy; only copy extant]∶现在仅存而别无它本的 善本 书籍、手稿或碑帖 (2) [the only existing copy]∶某书流传或存在于世的独本 详细解释 指某书刊仅有一份在世间流传的版本。亦指仅存的一份未刊手稿或原物已亡佚，仅存的一份 拓本 。 清 龚自珍 《＜阮尚书年谱＞第一叙》 ：“椎拓徧 山川 ，纸墨照眉发；孤本必重钩，伟论在箸録。” 鲁迅 《书信集·致郑振铎》 ：“孤本为世所重，新翻即 为人 所轻。” 词语分解 孤的解释 孤 ū 幼年死去父亲或父母双亡： 孤儿 。遗孤。托孤。孤寡鳏独（孤儿，寡妇，无妻或丧妻的人，年老无 子女 的人）。 单独：孤单。 孤独 。 孤立 。孤僻。孤傲。孤茕（单独无依然）。孤介。孤身。孤危。 孤芳自赏 。孤苦 伶仃 本的解释 本 ě 草木的根：本草（泛指中药）。无本之木。 事物的根源，与“末” 相对 ：本末（头尾； 始终 ）。根本（根源； 彻底 ；本质上）。 草的茎，树的干：草本植物。 中心的，主要的：本部。本体。 原来：本来。 本领 。

太多了啊 波特五力模型 Potter is five strength modelsFive strength models were put forward by Potter (Porter), it thinks that decision competition scale and five kinds of strength of the intensity exist in the trade, it influences the appeal of the industry that these five kinds of strength stand up synthetically. It is a kind of valid tool of the trade competition characteristic that is used for analyzing enterprises. Five kinds of strength involved in this model include: The new rival invades, the threat of the substitute, buyer"s ability of negociation price, the competition between seller"s ability of negociation price and extant competitor. It is determined that primary and basic factor of enterprise"s profit ability is the appeal of the industry.The competitive strategy is speaking from the certain meaning to come from the deep understanding to the competition law which determine industry"s appeal of enterprises. Any industry, no matter the domestic one or world, no matter the one that produce products or providing service, competition law reflect in to appoint at strength five competition these. So, five strength models of Potter are the strategy which enterprises often utilize while making the competitive strategy analyzes tools.These five kinds of competition effort stand up synthetically, it is determined that the enterprises in one industry obtain the ability of the average investment yield of going beyond the capital cost. The comprehensive effort of these five kinds of effort varies with industry. Change with development of the industry. The result is shown as the inconsistency of the inherent profit ability of all industries.These five kinds of effort have determined the profit ability of the industry, because they influence factors such as price, cost and investment return,etc.. For example, seller"s ability of negociation price will influence cost of raw materials and other input cost; The intensity of the competition influences the cost of price and competition; New competitor"s invading threat will limit prices, demand to make the investment for invading in defenceEnterprises can exert one"s influence on these five kinds of effort through their strategy. If enterprises can influence the competition advantage of the industry where one stays by these five kinds of strength, then it can improve or weaken industry"s appeal fundamentally, thus change the competition rule of this industry

The name Shakespeare is extremely widespread, and is spelt in an astonishing variety of ways. That of John Shakespeare occurs 166 times in the Council Book of the Stratford corporation, and appears to take 16 different forms. The verdict, not altogether unanimous, of competent palaeographers is to the effect that Shakespeare himself, in the extant examples of his signature, always wrote " Shakspere." In the printed signatures to the dedications of his poems, on the title-pages of nearly all the contemporary editions of his plays that bear his name, and in many formal documents it appears as Shakespeare. This may be in part due to the martial derivation which the poet"s literary contemporaries were fond of assigning to his name, and which is acknowledged in the arms that he bore. The forms in use at Stratford, however, such as Shaxpeare, by far the commonest, suggest a short pronunciation of the first syllable, and thus tend to support Dr Henry Bradley"s derivation from the Anglo-Saxon personal name, Seaxberht. It is interesting, and even amusing, to record that in 1487 Hugh Shakspere of Merton College, Oxford, changed his name to Sawndare, because his former name vile reputatum est. The earliest record of a Shakespeare that has yet been traced is in 12 4 8 at Clapton in Gloucestershire, about seven miles from Stratford. The name also occurs during the 13th century in Kent, Essex and Surrey, and during the 14th in Cumberland, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Essex, Warwickshire and as far away as Youghal in Ireland. Thereafter it is found in London and most of the English counties, particularly those of the midlands; and nowhere more freely than in Warwickshire. There were Shakespeares in Warwick and in Coventry, as well as around Stratford; and the clan appears to have been very numerous in a group of villages about twelve miles north of Stratford, which includes Baddesley Clinton, Wroxall, Rowington, Haseley, Hatton, Lapworth, Packwood, Balsall and Knowle. William was in common use as a personal name, and Williams from more than one other family have from time to time been confounded with the dramatist. Many Shakespeares are upon the register of the gild of St Anne at Knowle from about 1457 to about 1526. Amongst these were Isabella Shakespeare, prioress of the Benedictine convent of Wroxall, and Jane Shakespeare, a nun of the same convent. Shakespeares are also found as tenants on the manors belonging to the convent, and at the time of the Dissolution in 1534 one Richard Shakespeare was its bailiff and collector of rents. Conjectural attempts have been made on the one hand to connect the ancestors of this Richard Shakespeare with a family of the same name who held land by military tenure at Baddesley Clinton in the 14th and 15th centuries, and on the other to identify him with the poet"s grandfather, Richard Shakespeare of Snitterfield. But Shakespeares are to be traced at Wroxall nearly as far back as at Baddesley Clinton, and there is no reason to suppose that Richard the bailiff, who was certainly still a tenant of Wroxall in 1556, had also since 1529 been farming land ten miles off at Snitterfield. With the breaking of this link, the hope of giving Shakespeare anything more than a grandfather on the father"s side must be laid aside for the present. On the mother"s side he was connected with a family of some distinction. Part at least of Richard Shakespeare"s land at Snitterfield was held from Robert Arden of Wilmcote in the adjoining parish of Aston Cantlow, a cadet of the Ardens of Parkhall, who counted amongst the leading gentry of Warwickshire. Robert Arden married his second wife, Agnes Hill, formerly Webbe, in 1548, and had then no less than eight daughters by his first wife. To the youngest of these, Mary Arden, he left in 1556 a freehold in Aston Cantlow consisting of a farm of about fifty or sixty acres in extent, known as Asbies. At some date later than November 1556, and probably before the end of 1557, Mary Arden became the wife of John Shakespeare. In October 1556 John Shakespeare had bought two freehold houses, one in Greenhill Street, the other in Henley Street. The latter, known as the wool shop, was the easternmost of the two tenements now combined in the so-called Shakespeare"s birthplace. The western tenement, the birthplace proper, was probably already in John Shakespeare"s hands, as he seems to have been living in Henley Street in 1552. It has sometimes been thought to have been one of two houses which formed a later purchase in 1575, but there is no evidence that these were in Henley Street at all.

Hua Mu Lan is a great female hero in our history.

　　text有正文;文本;课文;原文等意思，那么你知道text的用法吗?下面跟着我一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 　　text的用法： 　　text的用法1：text的基本意思是“正文,本文”,指全书中与注释、图解、插图等相对而言的主体部分,是不可数名词。 　　text的用法2：text也可指“(演说、 文章 等的)原文、全文”,通常用作单数形式,其前常有定冠词the,其后常与介词of连用。 　　text的用法3：text还可作“版本”“教科书,课本”“《圣经》词句”等解,是可数名词。 　 　　text的用法例句： 　　1. David wanted to make several deletions and additions to the text. 　　戴维想对文本进行几处增删。 　　2. We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text. 　　我们彻底仔细地检查了措词后才最终定稿。 　　3. The first words of the text filled us with misgiving. 　　正文开头的文字让我们颇为担心。 　　4. It has been found necessary to make some cuts in the text. 　　发现有必要对该文本进行一些删节。 　　5. A CD-ROM can store more than 250,000 pages of typed text. 　　一张只读光盘能存储25万多页键入的文本。 　　6. The text is approachable, coping well with quite complicated subjects. 　　这篇课文把相当复杂的主题讲述得深入浅出、通俗易懂。 　　7. The text is good in parts, but suffers from discontinuity. 　　文章分开看还好，但是问题在于不连贯。 　　8. One CD-ROM disk can hold over 100,000 pages of text. 　　一张光盘可以存储十多万多页的文字资料。 　　9. Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant. 　　这个文本仍有两份14世纪手抄本存世。 　　10. The machine can recognise hand-written characters and turn them into printed text. 　　这种机器能够识别手写字体，并将其转化为打印文本。 　　11. We have omitted footnotes which we judged inessential to the text. 　　我们略掉了我们认为对正文不甚紧要的脚注。 　　12. The transcriptions of the text were available as early as 1960. 　　原文的转写本早在1960年就可获取。 　　13. Using the option to display only text speeds things up a lot. 　　选用纯文本显示可以使速度大幅提升。 　　14. The text is banal. 　　课文索然无味。 　　15. We need to become critical text-readers. 　　我们需要培养对文章的评判能力。

An Important InventionHuman history is a history of inventions. Inventions serve as a ladder for civilization as well as for the evolution of man. The most interesting among the numerous inventions is the wheel, for no other invention as seemingly inconspicuous as this has turned out to be so significant to our lives.The fundamental contribution of the wheel is that it makes us travel much faster than ever. When people found that a wheel helped overcome friction, they first fixed it onto a cart and then onto a car or train and early this century onto a plane. Since the invention of wheel, our means of transportation has changed entirely. Thus, the wheel hastened the development of human society.The significance of this invention is not limited to transportation; it has become an indispensable part of our lives. We use it as a necessary part in our watch, clock, electric fan, sewing machine and indeed machines of all kinds. It is safe to say that life would become difficult without the wheel.Small and insignificant as it is, the wheel weights heavily in human history and in the progress of society and mankind.

Li Qingzhao (1084-about 1155) of an easy lay, outstanding poetess of the Southern Song, Han, Shandong Jinan, and Subtle words were. Born in the Northern Song Dynasty Yuanfeng seven years, Shandong Zhangqiu, Linan died at the age of 71-year-old. And Jinan Xin Qiji licheng people referred to as the "Second Security Jinan." His father, Li Ge Fei, the Northern Song Dynasty Qi County state calendar, and Qilu well-known scholar, essayist. Wang"s mother, known Shanwen book. Fu Zhao Mingcheng for Zhao Tingson, Jinshi textual criticism at home. Li Qingzhao off early life, the book can be text, proficient in music. Zhao Mingcheng married and working together to organize the stone paintings, the preparation of the "golden recorded." His home for the "easyStudy" Li Qingzhao it also regards himself as an easy lay. After the fall of the Central Plains, with her husband Nanliu lived back and forth, miserable life of suffering. Ming-cheng died, the situation alone. David invited family, Well-known in the word, poetry and works, and have the words Li Qingzhao theory, in the history of Chinese literature enjoys a high reputation, "the text there are Li Qingzhao, Wu Qin Liangyu." Stability of the early years of life, love to write multi-word love; gold soldiers after the invasion, the country suffered great changes, unless the word emotion Falling background. Her poetry and a sense of history when the Wing, with different words the wind. She also specializes in painting, musicSame. Existing poems and words for future generations of the series, the "wordsuyu" and so on. Stands for "word, when a special one also." And she has also written a unique word, referred to as the "body Yian." Chinese history is the only name to be used as a female space Crater.

MyhometownThecityofKaifengisonehtEastHenanPlainsouthoftheYellowRiver.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theplacebecamethefiefofDukeZaung(757-701B.C.)oftheStateofZheng,whostartedtobuildacityandnameditKaifeng,meaning"openingupnewterritory."ItwasalsocalledBianliangaftertheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221B.C.).KaifengservedascapitalforsevenfeudalistdynastiesinChinesehistory.Adoneofthe"sixgreatcapitals"ofChina,togetherwithBeijing,Xi"an,Nanjing,Luoyang,andHangzhou,itusedtobeaveryprosperouscity,especiallyduringtheNorthernSongDynasty(A.D.960-1127).ThegrandeurandprosperityofKaifengisvividlypresentedinaclassicalpainting,"RiverSceneatQingmingFestival,"bythewell-knownartistZhangZeduanoftheNorthernSongDynasty.However,theformersplendorofKaifengwasgraduallydiminishedbywarsandYellowRiverfloods.Today,manyculturalrelicsandruinsremain,andpartofthecityisbeingreconstructedtoresembleoldKaifengasitlookedlikeintheSongDynasty.Whentheworkisfinished,thehistoricoldcitywillbecomeanimportantstoponthetourist"sitinerary.Asanoldculturalcenter,Kaifengiswellknownforitssilkproductsandembroidery.

竞赛题，小心被判雷同哦

ancient　核心词汇　英 ["eɪnʃənt] 　 　美 ["eɪnʃənt] 　 　adj.古老的；古代的例句：1、这一法律古老但仍然有效。This law is ancient but still extant.2、在新英格兰有许多古老的家宅。There are many old homesteads in New England.3、小女孩对有关永生的精灵的古老传奇非常感兴趣。The little girl is very interested in the old legend of immortal creatur.4、我不能确切地说出那所房子的年代，但一定是很古老的。I can"t date that house exactly, but it must be very old.

放在任何一个不同的语句里，都会有不同的意思。

孤本的解释(1) [only existing copy; only copy extant]∶现在仅存而别无它本的 善本 书籍、手稿或碑帖 (2) [the only existing copy]∶某书流传或存在于世的独本 详细解释 指某书刊仅有一份在世间流传的版本。亦指仅存的一份未刊手稿或原物已亡佚，仅存的一份 拓本 。 清 龚自珍 《＜阮尚书年谱＞第一叙》 ：“椎拓徧 山川 ，纸墨照眉发；孤本必重钩，伟论在箸録。” 鲁迅 《书信集·致郑振铎》 ：“孤本为世所重，新翻即 为人 所轻。” 词语分解 孤的解释 孤 ū 幼年死去父亲或父母双亡： 孤儿 。遗孤。托孤。孤寡鳏独（孤儿，寡妇，无妻或丧妻的人，年老无 子女 的人）。 单独：孤单。 孤独 。 孤立 。孤僻。孤傲。孤茕（单独无依然）。孤介。孤身。孤危。 孤芳自赏 。孤苦 伶仃 本的解释 本 ě 草木的根：本草（泛指中药）。无本之木。 事物的根源，与“末” 相对 ：本末（头尾； 始终 ）。根本（根源； 彻底 ；本质上）。 草的茎，树的干：草本植物。 中心的，主要的：本部。本体。 原来：本来。 本领 。