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间 在古代有什么意思

2023-05-20 00:09:05
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皮皮

古汉语词典解释,有6条:

空隙:间隙。当间儿。亲密无间。

隔开,不连接:间隔。间断。间接。间日。间歇。黑白相间。

挑拨使人不和:离间。间谍。反间计。

拔去,除去:间苗。

偏僻的小路:间道。间行(从小路走)。

参与:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉”。

其他的主要用法:

间、闲

jiàn

【名】

(会意。古写作“闲”,“间”是后起字。金文,从门,从月。段玉裁《说文解字注》:“开门月入,门有缝而月光可入。”(jiàn)本义:门缝)

同本义。泛指缝隙;空隙〖gap;spacebetween〗

闲,隙也。从门,中见月。会意。——《说文》

有闲中也。又,闲不及旁也。——《墨子经》

其闲不能以寸。——《孟子》

从门闲而窥其夫。—《史记·管晏传》

彼节者有间。——《庄子·养生主》

以无厚入有间。

得间奔真州。——宋·文天祥《【指南录】后序》

又如:间出(乘隙私出,微行);间缺(空隙);间蹊(小道);间径(小道;僻路)

隔阂;嫌隙〖estrangement〗

时将有反,事将有间。——《国语·越语下》

间谍〖spy〗。如:间使(密使);间骑(骑兵侦察员);间者(探子);间事(用间谍之事);间人(内奸)

jiàn

【动】

挑拔,使人不和〖sowdiscord〗

谗人间之。——《史记·屈原贾生列传》

又如:离间(挑拔使之不和睦);间构(离间构陷,挑拔中伤);间疏(离间);间贰(离间);间书(用以挑拔是非的信)

拔去多余的植株、去掉〖林中〗多余的树(使其他的苗或树能更好地生长)〖thinout〗。如:间玉米苗

隔开间隔〖keepapart;atadistancefrom〗

枫松相间。——《徐霞客游记·游黄山记》

病间月。——清·方苞《狱中杂记》

又如:间行(拉开距离行进);间阔(久别;远离);间岁(隔一年);间世(隔代)

夹杂;参杂〖beintermingled;bemixedupwith〗

中间力拉。——《虞初新志·秋声诗序》

又如:间色(杂);间错(间杂);间编(编次杂乱);间厕(夹杂);间诂(夹注)

非难;毁谤〖blame;reproach;slander〗。如:间然(非议);间废(不以为然而废弃);间言(非议);间非(责怪);间谤(毁谤)

参与〖participate〗

肉食者谋之,又何间焉!——《左传·庄公十年》

更迭;交替〖dosth.alternately〗

异才复间出,周道日惟新。——杜甫《别蔡十四著作》

又如:间歌(古时吹笙和唱歌相交替的一种礼制);间出(隔世而出);间生(隔世而生)

jiàn

【副】

间或,断断续续〖sometimes〗

时时而间进。——《战国策·齐策》

间道经其门。——宋·沈括《梦溪笔谈·活板》

间以诗记所遭。——宋·文天祥《【指南录】后序》

间则蹑屐。——明·刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》

秘密,暗中(隔开众人,使自己隐而不现)〖insecret〗

又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。——《史记·陈涉世家》

侯生乃屏人间语。——《史记·魏公子列传》

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间在文言文中意思

一会儿
2023-01-13 01:55:233

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2023-01-13 01:55:273

翻译下面文章

乡村的劳动迁移,特性和就业模式: 基于中国的农业人口普查的一项研究 1.给有限人均耕作在中国和低乡村收入的土地的介绍, 过剩的减少农业劳动是一个中国的经济发展政策的重要的目标。 在工业增长就业机会,服务业预计吸收过剩 农业劳动,提高农业劳动生产率,改进乡村的收入并且降低乡村的贫困。 而且,中国政策是鼓励创造在农村地区的新工作防止已经在很多里使城市负担过重的巨大乡村都市的迁移发展中国家。 因此, 分析乡村的劳动力的结构, 它的特性,和对非农业部门的迁移的它的潜能对理解和引导中国的经济发展是必要的。自从经济改革的开始在1978内,中国经历大劳动从初级工业流出到其他经济的部门。 象中国经济发展前进更进一步的那样,迁移的乡村劳动与都市工业化地区一定发生。 显著劳动迁移从农业到nonagricultural 活动已经发生即使 近年来,中国的一大部分人口在一个小的土地基地上被用于农业。 来自中国的第一个农业人口普查的数据表明超过65%的乡村的活跃的劳动力16-60岁在1996年仍然从事农业活动。 在中他们,53% 乡村人度过他们时间在耕作上6 月的超过,大约9%工作少于每年在农业活动内6 月当时。 土地持股的大小仍然十分小,平均大约每个家庭1/3公顷。 因此,每名农业工人生产力和收入十分低。 在农业之间的很高的收入差别和 nonagricultural就业为劳动提供强大的奖励搬到nonagricultural 部门,但是对非农业工作的许多障碍防止运动。 在障碍中在农村地区,家庭注册制度是缺乏非农场的工业那强制到市区的迁移, 低教育或者乡村居民,和防止有效率土地的再分配花费利益非正常尺寸经济和其他效率的土地占有制系统
2023-01-13 01:55:341

英语文章在线翻译

Apply with the development of PLC technology and their propulsion nowadays,PLC already becomes the system automation , informationize , long-range melt reach the intellectualized important pillar. As a result, studying PLC is integrated design of automatic system , an urgent demand of personnel being put into use and being maintained not only. The outcome may weave the program controller being that minitype computer art and relay routine control technique combine, is the new model controller sending out a felt on the sequential control basis getting up , is that a kind of is centering on microprocessor be used as digital control special use computer. Electromagnetism iron equipment except that the ironware is that in the nowadays large-scale factories , mines and enterprises middle is in common use, it applies to mine , dock , heat-engine plant , water , sugaring etc. broadly be not on magnetism material conveyer belt, be used to eliminate iron document in conveying up material , be protected a crusher thereby or be ground coal machine as well as safety improving the grade transporting material"s. China energy Beijing heating and power plant conveys the quiet coal system 7 # belts central section two RCDB-14 type disk getting rid of an ironware , the anomaly adopt a logic to transport way alternately , controlling is complicated, since that whose control section still uses routine relay to control , the inside works a telephone switchboard is abnormal all over the place, relay quantity and kind gathering are also quite many , rates malfunction height , the job are as a result extremely not stable, charge if switching over to use PLC to be in progress to the person, whose stability will be of great rise. Be compared with routine relay under the control of , PLC is had weave Cheng Guan is nimble , easy modification of control logic, is under the control of powerful , the anti-interference ability is strong , reliability is advanced merit. As a result, PLC already has substituted routine"s mainly in the automation field thinking that succeeding electric control , is applied broadly. Being superseded conveying the coal system disk with China energy Beijing heating and power plant getting rid of iron runs the main body of a book for the example , use MODICON685E type LC to realize whose alternately dyadic working function if the working condition except the ironware pursuing what 1 shows, the electric motor small reason on the handcart, drives two disks except that the ironware (be called CT1 , T2 for short) uses iron chain to hang going on foot on the crossbeam , can go on foot on the crossbeam, Spur on thereby going on foot except the implement in the primitive place , A belt place , B belt place cycle of 3 location (by the fact that 6 position-limit switch putting the crossbeam into fix position coming Q1 , SQ2 , SQ3 , SQ4 , SQ5 , SQ6).
2023-01-13 01:55:436

帮忙翻译下

二球员、Stan 和Ollie, 戏剧, 从二个自然数字开始。Stan, 第一球员, 减去任一个无足轻重的正面倍数二个数字从伟大二个数字, 在收效的数字必须nonnegative 条件下。然后Ollie, 第二个球员, 做同样以二个收效的数字, 然后Stan, 等, 供选择地, 直到一个球员能减去少许数字的倍数从更加伟大到达0, 并且从而胜利。例如, 球员也许开始与(25,7): 25 7 11 7 4 7 4 3 1 3 1 0 Stan 赢取。
2023-01-13 01:55:482

留学生在国外住的accommodation有哪几种,(用英文写)例如HOMESTAY,它们的英文全称是什么?

The most commonly used accommodations for people with mental health problems include: Flexible scheduling Flexibility in the start or end of working hours to accommodate effects of medication or for medical appointments. Part-time shifts (which may be used to return a worker to a full-time position). More frequent breaks. Changes in supervision Modifying the way instructions and feedback are given. For example, written instructions may help an employee focus on tasks. Having weekly meetings between the supervisor and employee may help to deal with problems before they become serious. Changes in training Allowing extra time to learn tasks. Allowing the person to attend training courses that are individualized. Modifying job duties Exchanging minor tasks with other employees. Using technology Allowing the person to use a lamp instead of fluorescent lights to eliminate a flicker which may be irritating or cause a reaction. Providing the employee with a tape recorder to tape instructions from a supervisor, training programs and meetings if they have difficulty with memory. Allowing an employee to use head phones to protect them from loud noises. Modifying work space or changing location Allowing an employee to relocate to a quieter area where they will be free from distractions. Allowing an employee to work at home. Job coach assistance in hiring, and on the job A job coach may be someone from an outside agency that assists the employee in the workplace. Alternately, someone within the workplace, such as a peer or human resources staff person might perform this role. The job coach can help in a number of ways such as assisting the person to fill out applications, helping them to reduce their anxiety by providing feedback, observing their work and making suggestions about accommodation. 呃,对了,你应该能看得懂吧,呵呵……
2023-01-13 01:55:522

古代汉语中“间”的义项并举例

间注解--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间(间)jiān(1) ㄐㄧㄢˉ(2) 两段时间相接的地方,或介于两桩事物当中及其相互关系:中~。~距。~奏。天地之~。(3) 在一定空间或时间内:田~。人~。(4) 房子内隔成的部分:里~。衣帽~。~量。(5) 量词,房屋的最小单位:一~房。(6) 一会儿,顷刻:瞬~。(7) 近来。(8) 郑码:TLK,U:95F4,GBK:BCE4(9) 笔画数:7,部首:门,笔顺编号:4252511参考词汇--------------------------------------------------------------------------------among between separate sow discord space 基本词义--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间(间)jiàn(1) ㄐㄧㄢˋ(2) 空隙:~隙。当~儿。亲密无~。(3) 隔开,不连接:~隔。~断。~接。~日。~歇。黑白相~。(4) 挑拨使人不和:离~。~谍。反~计。(5) 拔去,除去:~苗。(6) 偏僻的小路:~道。~行(从小路走)。(7) 参与:“肉食者谋之,又何~焉”。(8) 郑码:TLK,U:95F4,GBK:BCE4(9) 笔画数:7,部首:门,笔顺编号:4252511参考词汇--------------------------------------------------------------------------------among between separate sow discord space 详细注解--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间间、闲jiān〔名〕(1) (间是后起字,本字作闲,本义见间jiàn)(2) 中间;内 [between;among]一动一静者,天地之闲也。——《礼记·乐记》而独闲数百千里。——《汉书·严助传》。注:“中间也。”攘臂于其闲。——《庄子·人间世》。司马注:“犹里也。”黄河远上白云间。——唐·王之涣《凉州词》林间窥之。——唐·柳宗元《三戒》草木之间。——明·袁宏道《袁中郎全集·满井游记》达于缙绅间。——清·黄宗羲《柳敬亭传》出于其间。——蔡元培《图画》(3) 又如:两地之间;上下之间;左右之间;半中间;两个高楼间的小弄;两个电极间的真空(4) 一会儿,顷刻 [a moment]莫然有间,而子桑户死。——《庄子·大宗师》乃留止闲曰。——《战国策·秦策》(5) 又如:间不容息(其时间不容喘息。比喻时间短促)(6) 近来 [recent]帝间颜色瘦黑。——《汉书·叙传上》(7) 姓(闲)词性变化--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间间jiān〔量〕(1) 表示房屋的量词安得广厦千万间。——唐·杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》(2) 又如:一间卧室;三间门面(3) 另见jiàn;(4) “间”另见 xián常用词组--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间不容发jiānbùróngfà(1) [a seamless heavenly robe——flawless;by the skin of one"s teeth;by a hair"s breadth;the difference is as narrow as a hair"s breadth]∶中间放置不下一根头发,形容相距极微律厤迭相治,其间不容发。——《大戴礼记》(2) [the situation is extremely critical;within a hair of;within an inch of]∶比喻情势危急到极点其出不出,间不容发。——汉·枚乘《上书谏吴王》间关jiānguān[chirp] 象声词。形容宛转的鸟鸣声间关莺语。——唐·白居易《琵琶行(并序)》间架jiānjià(1) [form of a Chinese character]∶房屋建筑的结构。梁与梁之间叫“间”,桁与桁之间叫“架”。借使汉字的笔画构架(2) [structure of an essay]∶文章的布局间距jiānjù[interval;clearance] 间隔的距离间量,间量儿jiānliang,jiānliangr[the area of a room;floor space] [方]∶房子的面积大小房子间量儿太小间柱jiānzhù[studding] 房屋的墙框架的立柱间奏曲jiānzòuqǔ[intermezzo] 在两幕(或场)戏曲或歌剧之间演奏的小型器乐曲基本词义--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间间、闲jiàn〔名〕(1) (会意。古写作“闲”,“间”是后起字。金文,从门,从月。段玉裁《说文解字注》:“开门月入,门有缝而月光可入。”(jiàn) 本义:门缝)(2) 同本义。泛指缝隙;空隙 [gap;space between]闲,隙也。从门,中见月。会意。——《说文》有闲中也。又,闲不及旁也。——《墨子经》其闲不能以寸。——《孟子》从门闲而窥其夫。—《史记·管晏传》彼节者有间。——《庄子·养生主》以无厚入有间。得间奔真州。——宋·文天祥《<指南录> 后序》(3) 又如:间出(乘隙私出,微行);间缺(空隙);间蹊(小道);间径(小道;僻路)(4) 隔阂;嫌隙 [estrangement]时将有反,事将有间。——《国语·越语下》(5) 间谍 [spy]。如:间使(密使);间骑(骑兵侦察员);间者(探子);间事(用间谍之事);间人(内奸)词性变化--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间间jiàn〔动〕(1) 挑拨,使人不和 [sow discord]谗人间之。——《史记·屈原贾生列传》(2) 又如:离间(挑拨使之不和睦);间构(离间构陷,挑拨中伤);间疏(离间);间贰(离间);间书(用以挑拨是非的信)(3) 拔去多余的植株、去掉[林中]多余的树(使其他的苗或树能更好地生长) [thin out]。如:间玉米苗(4) 隔开间隔 [keep apart;at a distance from]枫松相间。——《徐霞客游记·游黄山记》病间月。——清·方苞《狱中杂记》(5) 又如:间行(拉开距离行进);间阔(久别;远离);间岁(隔一年);间世(隔代)(6) 夹杂;参杂 [be intermingled;be mixed up with]中间力拉。——《虞初新志·秋声诗序》(7) 又如:间色(杂);间错(间杂);间编(编次杂乱);间厕(夹杂);间诂(夹注)(8) 非难;毁谤 [blame;reproach;slander]。如:间然(非议);间废(不以为然而废弃);间言(非议);间非(责怪);间谤(毁谤)(9) 参与[participate]肉食者谋之,又何间焉!——《左传·庄公十年》(10) 更迭;交替 [do sth.alternately]异才复间出,周道日惟新。——杜甫《别蔡十四著作》(11) 又如:间歌(古时吹笙和唱歌相交替的一种礼制);间出(隔世而出);间生(隔世而生)间间jiàn〔副〕(1) 间或,断断续续 [sometimes]时时而间进。——《战国策·齐策》间道经其门。——宋·沈括《梦溪笔谈·活板》间以诗记所遭。——宋·文天祥《<指南录> 后序》间则蹑屐。——明·刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》(2) 秘密,暗中(隔开众人,使自己隐而不现) [in secret]又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。——《史记·陈涉世家》侯生乃屏人间语。——《史记·魏公子列传》(3) 另见jiān常用词组--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间谍jiàndié[spy] 密探。被派遣或收买来丛事刺探机密、情报或进行破坏活动的人员。 ?间断jiànduàn[be disconnected;discontinous;inconsecutive;intermittent;interrupted] 连续的事情中断这个实验不能间断间隔jiàngé(1) [interval;space;intermission]∶指两个类似的事物之间的空间或时间的距离。(2) [separate]∶隔断遂与外人间隔。——晋·陶渊明《桃花源记》间或jiànhuò(1) [occasionally;once in a way]∶表示动作、事情时断时续地发生或者发生不是普遍的,相当于“有时候”、“偶尓”大家聚精会神地听着,间或有人咳一两声(2) [now and then]∶时断时续(3) [sometimes]∶有时候间或有人笑一两声间接jiànjiē(1) [indirect](2) 通过第三者发生关系的间接传染(3) 兜圈子的,迂回的间接提问(4) [adjective]∶与需要媒剂的染料有关的或是与使用此中染料的过程有关的。间接染料间苗jiànmiáo[thin out seedling] 按一定的株距留下作物的幼苗,把多余的苗除掉间日疟jiànrìnüè[vivax malaria;tertian malaria] 由一种疟疾寄生虫(间日疟原虫 Plasmodium vivax)引起的疟疾,特点为每隔48小时反复发作间色jiànsè(1) [colourway]∶红黄蓝三种原色配合成的颜色,如红和黄配合成的橙色,黄和蓝配合成的绿色(2) [variegated]∶蓝黄赤白黑五种正色之外的颜色;杂色间隙jiànxì(1) [interval]∶指两个类似事物之间的空间或时间的距离(2) [clearance](3) 为防止封膜时一些易碎的表面相接触而将铸模或铸芯的一部分弄成斜角时留出的空隙(4) 取对零件非工作面之间存油用的空隙(5) 引擎中一个行程结束时活塞与汽缸盖之间的距离(6) [sinus]∶各种无脊椎动物的肌肉与内脏 之间的一种空隙,血液通过此间隙而回流至心脏间歇jiànxiē(1) [intermission;break;interval;recess]∶动作、变化等隔一定时间就停息一会儿(2) [space]∶两段时间之间的间隔间歇很短,没有松一口气的时间间种jiànzhòng[double-crop;interplanting] 在同一块地同一生长 季或同一时间生长二种或二种以上的作物间奏jiànzòu[ritornello] 歌剧各段间的器乐间奏间奏曲jiànzòuqǔ(1) [intermezzo;entr" ecte] ∶在严肃的戏剧或歌剧幕间表演的短而轻快有时滑稽的音乐或戏剧作品(2) [interlude]∶穿插在音乐或戏剧娱乐或宗教礼拜各部分之间的乐曲;特指在赞美诗或圣歌各段歌词之间演奏的短风琴过门间阻jiànzǔ[sunder] 阻隔;间隔山川间阻间作jiànzuò[intercultural;intercrop;plant between rows] 在作物的行间进行播种另外的作物汉译英--------------------------------------------------------------------------------间among between separate sow discord space English --------------------------------------------------------------------------------间( 间 )Ji ā nPlace that two pieces time connect, or lie among two things and its correlation.In certain space or times.隔 inside the house of part.Measure phrase, the minimum unit of the house.In a short while, in a short instant.Recently.间( 间 )Ji à nCrevice.Partition, do not link.The provocation make person on bed terms.Pull out to go to, obviation.Strange path.Participate.amongbetweenseparatesow discordspace 间 (1)Ⅰ名词1.(中间) between; among: 劳资之间 between labour and capital; 同志之间 among comrades; 五点钟与六点钟之间 between five and six o"clock2.(一定的空间或时间里) with a definite time or space: 假期间 during the vacation; 世间 (in) the world; 田间 (in) the fields; 晚间 (in the) evening; (at) night3.(一间屋子; 房间) room: 里[外] 间 inner [outer] room; 衣帽间 cloakroom4.(姓氏) a surname: 间广 Jian GuangⅡ量词(房屋的最小单位): 三间门面 a three-bay shop front; 一间茅屋 a hut; 一间卧室 a bedroom间 (2)Ⅰ名词(空隙) space in between; opening: 乘间 seize an opportunity; 亲密无间 closely united; on intimate termsⅡ动词1.(隔开) separate: 把一间屋间成两间 partition a room into two; 黑白相间 chequered with black and white; 晴间多云 fine with occasional clouds2.(挑拨使人不和;离间) sow discord: 离间 sow discord; drive a wedge between3.(拔去或锄去多余的幼苗) thin out (seedlings): 间玉米苗 thin out maize seedlings编辑词条 开放分类:词汇、字典贡献者:洋务大臣、fjd0105、NortonInternet “间”在汉英词典中的解释(来源:百度词典):1.to divide 2.a division of a house; a separate 3.a crevice; a leak; space in between 4.to change; to substitute 5.to block up 6.(said of illness) to get a little better 7.occasionally 8.to put a space between; to drive a wedge between; to part friends 1.between 2.within a definite space 3.during a definite period of time 4.a room
2023-01-13 01:55:551

求助 帮忙翻译英文资料

•Qt的小装置处理键盘在已经在GUIs里变得通常的方式里聚焦。 •基本的问题是用户的击键可以在屏幕上针对任何几个窗口,以及在计划的窗口里面的任何几个小装置。当用户按一个键时,他们期望它去合适的位置,并且软件必须努力达到这预期。这个系统确定必须这次击键被指引在哪应用,哪在那应用内的窗子,和哪在那扇窗子内的小装置。 •集中运动 •已经适合指引的键盘进化的海关随着一个特别的小装置集中是这些: •用户敦促塔伯(或者移动塔伯)。 •用户点击一个小装置。 •用户强调一个键盘快捷方式。 •用户使用这个鼠标车轮。 •用户把焦点移到一扇窗子,并且应用必须确定哪个小装置在窗子内应该得到焦点。 •这些运动机制中的每个不同,并且不同小装置的类型得到在他们中只有一些内集中。我们将依次盖住他们中的每个。 •塔伯或者移动塔伯 •压塔伯不是移动的最普通方法集中使用键盘。(有时在数据输入应用过程中进入母鹿与塔伯相同;这能容易通过运行一个事件过滤器被在Qt里实现。) •压塔伯,在全部常用的窗口系统今天内,移动键盘随着下一小装置在一个函件每窗子的目录内集中。塔伯移动沿着循环表集中朝一个方向,移动在另一个内的塔伯。向哪个塔伯压的命令从小装置移动到小装置被叫这片垂片命令。 •你能定制垂片预订使用QWidget::setTabOrder()。(你不如果,塔伯通常移动按照小装置建设次序集中。) Qt 设计者预防视觉上改变这片垂片的方法命令。 •因为压塔伯如此普通,大多数小装置以致于能有焦点应该支持选中集中。主要的例外是很少被使用的小装置,并且有一些键盘加速器或者错误处理机移动焦点。 •例如,在一数据输入对话内,可能是只必要合二为一的一领域有全部箱的%。在这样的一次对话里,塔伯能略过这个领域,并且对话能使用这些机制之一: •这个计划确定能,这个领域需要,移动能在那里集中,到那时这个用户压没问题完成进入并且,或者在其它领域之后,到那时这个用户压进入。可替换地,包括领域在垂片内命令但是摧毁它。如果它适合用于用户已经确定在其它领域的方面,使它成为可能。 •领域的标签能包括把焦点移到这个领域的一个键盘快捷方式。
2023-01-13 01:55:583

霸凌的英文

霸凌的英文是bully。词态变化:复数—— bullies,第三人称单数——bullies,过去式——bullied,过去分词——bullied,现在分词——bullying。短语词组:bully sb. into——威逼某人做某事,bully sb. into doing sth.——威逼某人做某事,bully sb. out of——威逼某人停止做某事。例句:1、Jim is a bully He keeps all the younger children under his thumb.吉姆很霸道,所有年幼的孩子都得受他摆布。2、His true aim, some argue, is to bully the search giant.一些人认为,他的真正目的是威吓这家搜索引擎巨头。3、That guy is always bully me.那个家伙总是欺负我。4、He could alternately bully and charm people.他能时而欺负人,时而吸引人。5、He used the bully pulpit of the presidency very effectively.他非常有效地利用了总统职位这一扩大影响力的工具。
2023-01-13 01:56:011

黑白相间的英文

black and white
2023-01-13 01:56:1512

翻译成中文,不要用翻译软件

这么长啊,加我旺旺吧 eric4356。
2023-01-13 01:56:232

求:麻将的英文介绍!!!

Mahjong SetupBuilding the WallPlace all the tiles face-down on the table and shuffle them. Then, build them into a square structure known as the Wall. If you have Flowers and Seasons (for a total of 144 tiles), then each side will be eighteen tiles long; if you don"t (for a total of 136 tiles), then each side will be seventeen tiles long. In either case, it is two tiles high and one tile deep. Place the tiles face-down with the long axis of the tile prependicular to the long axis of the section of wall it"s in. Breaking the WallThe current East rolls the dice, and counts around the table to determine a player, who then rolls the dice again and counts that many tiles from the end of his or her section of wall. Staring with East, each player in turn takes four tiles at a time from the wall (a section two tiles wide and two tall), repeating until everyone has twelve tiles. East then takes the next tile from the edge of the wall, and the tile two over. Each other player then takes one tile, leaving the tile under the last tile East took as the next tile to be drawn when the game actually begins. The seventh pair of tiles from the other end of the wall is taken up, and a tile is placed on top of the last and third-to-last pairs in the wall. These fourteen tiles separated from the rest of the Wall form the Dead Wall. GameplayObject of the GameThe object is to collect a set of fourteen tiles grouped into four melds of three tiles each and a matched pair. The melds can be either three identical tiles, known as a Pung, or a straight of three tiles of one suit marked with consecutive numbers, known as a Chow. (Actually, sets of four identical tiles, known as a Kong, can also be used to make up the melds, but they"re described in more detail below, as they"re more complicated.) Standard Order of PlayThe player whose turn it currently is will have fourteen tiles in his or her hand (actually, they may have more, due to Kongs, as explained below), while all others will have thirteen. East has fourteen to start with, and goes first. If they somehow have four melds and a pair, this termed a "Hand from Heaven", and East instantly wins the round, scoring the maximum number of points possible. Normally, however, East must simply continue as with a normal turn. On a player"s turn, he or she will have fourteen tiles, and must choose one tile and discard it face up into the courtyard in the center of the wall. If the next player could form a Chow using that tile and two from his hand, then he may call it, and place it and the other two tiles face up in front of his hand. It is then his turn. Alternately, if any player has two tiles identical to the one discarded, he may call it for a Pung, and place the three tiles face up in front of his hand, and it is then that player"s turn, regardless whose turn it would normally have been next. Additionally, if another player has the other three of the discarded tile, he may claim it for a Kong, and place all four tiles face up in front of his hand. He then draws a loose tile from the top of the dead wall, and will have one more tile in his hand for the rest of the round. If this was the last loose tile, he takes up the last two tiles from the regular wall and places them on top of the dead wall as was done during setup. A claim for a Pung or a Kong takes precedence over a claim for a Chow. (Multiple claims for a Pungs or Kongs cannot happen, as there are only four of any given tile.) If no one wants the discarded tile, then it is out of play for the rest of the round, and the next player simply draws a tile (without showing it to the other players) from the front of the wall, and then takes his or her turn. If a player forms a Chow or a Pung using only tiles drawn from the wall, he should keep it hidden in his hand until he can win. Not only is it worth more points this way, but other players don"t know how close to victory he is, and he can still arrange those tiles into other melds if it becomes convenient, unlike exposed melds on the table. If a player gets four of a kind in his hand, he must reveal it if he wants to claim it as a Kong (otherwise, he wouldn"t have enough tiles to be able to win). He shows the Kong to the other players, then places it on the table with the two outer tiles face up and the two inner tiles face down, to indicate that he completed it entirely from the wall, thus earning more points. Also, if a player previously formed an exposed Pung from another player"s discard, and he later draws from the wall the fourth of that tile, he may add it to the Pung, turning it into an exposed Kong. This is not without some risk, as detailed below. If a player needs only one tile to win, then he may claim that tile from any discard, even if it is to complete a Chow or the pair. This is referred to as "fishing", and a claim to win the game takes precedence over any other claim. If two players could win with the same discard, then the one whose turn would come next in the normal turn order gets to take it and win the hand. Also, a player who is fishing may claim a tile added to a Pung to turn it to a Kong, and thus win (and gets bonus points for doing so). If a player draws a flower or a season, the tile is revealed and immediately set to the side of the player"s hand. It does not count towards the number of tiles in the hand, and will provide bonus points at the end of the round. It is immediately replaced by drawing a loose tile, as described in the section on Kongs above. When a player has a complete hand of melds and a pair, he may declare it and show it to the other players.
2023-01-13 01:56:271

帮忙把下面这段中文翻译成英文,谢谢

Abstract South Basin of North China mashiping late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous sediment thickness of 989 m, mainly by the braided river sediment, the delta deposits and foreshore shallow lake sediment composition, according to lithology, sedimentary structure and the composition and trace fossils Occurrence characteristics, the article discusses Henan mashiping Basin region late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous sedimentary environment in the five sedimentary type and structural characteristics of the six major deposition cycles, and this analysis of the environmental group deposition And the evolution of history. Keywords :South Basin of North China mashiping structural characteristics sedimentary basin environment
2023-01-13 01:56:304

是alternately,还是alternatively

第一个
2023-01-13 01:56:541

花的单词

flower 小学毕业了吗,你?
2023-01-13 01:56:5712

“间”的古义是什么

间谍,离间算一个
2023-01-13 01:58:223

alternately bright and dark domain是什么意思

光明和黑暗交替域
2023-01-13 01:58:251

花 在字典里的解释有哪些?

在英语字典上可作以下解释:flowern.1. 花;花卉;开花植物[C]2. 精华,精英[the S][J][(+of)]3. 开花;盛时[U]vi.1. 开花2. 【书】发育,成熟;繁荣vt.1. 使开花2. 用花装饰
2023-01-13 01:58:322

turn的用法,急急急!!

turnturnAHD:[tûrn] D.J.[t*8n]K.K.[t)n]【基本词意】v.(动词)turned, turn.ing, turnsv.tr.(及物动词)To cause to move around an axis or a center; cause to rotate or revolve.使旋转,转动:使绕着一个轴或中心移动;使转动或旋转 To cause to move around in order to achieve a result, such as opening, closing, tightening, or loosening:转动:使转动以达到某种结果,如打开、关闭、拧紧或拧松:turn the key; turn a screw.转动钥匙;拧动螺丝钉 To alter or control the functioning of (a mechanical device, for example) by the use of a rotating or similar movement:扭动,旋动:通过旋转或类似动作改变或控制(如机械装置)的功能:Please turn the iron to a hotter setting.请把熨斗旋动到更热 To perform or accomplish by rotating or revolving:翻,翻转:通过转动或旋转来执行或完成:turn a somersault.翻筋斗To change the position of so that the underside becomes the upper side:翻转:改变…的位置而使下面的成为上面的:turn the steak; turn a page.翻转牛排;翻一页书To spade or plow (soil) to bring the undersoil to the surface.翻耕,翻土:翻(土)或犁(土),从而把下面的泥土翻到表面上来To reverse and resew the material of (a collar, for example).翻修:用翻料或重缝的方法修整(如领子)To revolve in the mind; meditate on; ponder.盘算;反复思考;考虑To give a rounded form to (wood, for example) by rotating against a cutting tool.车削:在切割工具上旋转而使(如木头)成为圆形To give a rounded shape to (clay, for example) by rotating and shaping with the hands or tools.使成形,使成圆形:用手或工具旋转和定型而使(例如粘土)成为圆形To give a rounded form to:使成圆形:turn a heel in knitting a sock.编织短袜时把脚的后跟织成圆形To give distinctive, artistic, or graceful form to:使变得形式优美,使变得形状匀称:给予独特,艺术,优雅的形式:“They know precisely how to turn a dramatic line or phrase that is guaranteed to make the evening news”(William Safire)“他们当然知道如何写出适合晚间新闻的文采优美的词句”(威廉·萨菲尔)To change the position of by traversing an arc of a circle; pivot:绕过,转动:绕过一段圆弧改变位置;使绕枢轴转动:turned his chair toward the speaker.转动椅子面向说话人To cause (a scale) to move up or down so as to register weight:称重:使(秤台)上下移动以记录重量:Even a feather will turn a delicate scale.一台精密的天平能称出即使是一片羽毛的重量To fold, bend, or twist (something).使折叠,使弯曲,使扭曲To change the position or disposition of by folding, bending, or twisting:翻,翻转:通过折叠、弯曲成扭曲而改变位置或姿式:Turn the design right side up on all your jacket buttons. Turn the hat inside out.把你外套上的纽扣的图案翻转正了。把帽子的里面翻出来To make a bend or curve in:弄弯:把…弄弯把…弄成曲线:He could turn a bar of steel.他能把一根钢棒弄弯 To blunt or dull (the edge of a cutting instrument).弄钝,弄卷刃(切割工具的刃)To injure by twisting:扭伤:因扭曲而弄伤:turn an ankle.扭伤了脚踝To upset or make nauseated:使作呕,使恶心:That story turns my stomach.这个故事令我作呕To change the direction or course of:使…改变方向,使改变路程:turn the car to the left.把车朝左拐To divert or deflect:使转向,使改变方向:turn a stampede.使群众分心To reverse the course of; cause to retreat:使撤退;使掉头:“Then turn your forces from this paltry siege/And stir them up against a mightier task”(Shakespeare)“那么把你的军队调离这足取的围攻/而鼓动他们去完成更艰巨的任务”(莎士比亚)To make a course around or about:迂回,绕过,拐过:turn a corner.绕过拐角To change the purpose, intention, or content of by persuasion or influence:转变,改变:通过劝说或施加影响而改变目的、意图或倾向:His speech turned my thinking.他的演说改变了我的想法To change the order or disposition of; unsettle:使混乱,使迷乱;使错乱:“Sudden prosperity had turned [his] head” (Macaulay)“飞来的横财使〔他的〕 脑筋不太正常” (麦考利)To set in a specified way or direction by or as if by rotating or pivoting; point:转动:通过或好象通过旋转或绕枢轴旋转而放在一定的方向或形态;指向:turn the antenna east.把触角转向东To present in a specified direction by or as if by rotating or pivoting:朝向,转弯:通过或好象旋转或绕枢轴转动而使出现在某一方向:turn one"s face to the wall.将脸转向墙To aim or focus; train:瞄准或聚焦于;使对着:turn one"s gaze to the sky.抬眼凝视天空To devote or apply (oneself, for example) to something:致力于,投身于:使(如自己)投身或致力于某事:She turned herself to music.她致力于音乐To cause to act or go against; make antagonistic:使反对,使敌对;使…成为敌人:News of the scandal turned public opinion against the candidate.关于丑闻的报道使公众舆论都反对候选人To cause to go in a specific direction; direct:引导,指导:使向某一特定方向运动;引导:They turned their way back.他们掉头向回走To send, drive, or let go:驱赶,打发,放走:turn the bully out of the bar; turned the dog loose.把这个恶棍赶出酒吧;把狗放开To pour, let fall, or otherwise release (contents) from or into a receptacle:倒,倾倒:倾倒或用其他方法把容器中的东西倒出或倒入容器:Turn the dough onto a floured board.把生面团倒在撒了面粉的板上To cause to take on a specified character, nature, identity, or appearance; change or transform. Used with to or into : 改变:使具有特定的性质、本质、身份或外形;改变或使变成。与to 或 into 连用: water that had been turned to ice; turn a rundown house into a show place.已变成冰的水;把一所破旧的房子改变成一个表演场所To make sour; ferment:使变酸;使变质:Lack of refrigeration turned the milk.没有电冰箱会使牛奶变质To affect or change the color of:使变色,使颜色改变:Autumn turns the green leaves golden.秋天使绿叶变成了金黄色To exchange; convert. Used with to or into : 交换;转换。与to 或 into 连用: turns her singing talent into extra money.把她的歌唱天赋转换成外块To keep in circulation; sell and restock:周转:使流通;出卖然后再进货:We turned a great deal of merchandise during the holidays.在假期中我们周转大量的商品To get by buying and selling:赚取,挣得:通过买和卖而挣得:turn a fair profit.赢利情况不错【常用词组】turn awayTo send away; dismiss:把…打发走;解雇:turned away the salesperson.解雇了推销员To repel:驱逐:The poor location of the condominium turned away many prospective buyers.公寓房偏僻的位置赶跑了许多很有希望的买主To avert; deflect:挡开;使转向:turned away all criticism.挡开了所有的批评turn backTo reverse one"s direction of motion:折回,往回走:掉转某人的运动方向:stopped on the road and had to turn back.在公路上停了下来,只好往回走To drive back and away:使折回,赶回去:turned back the uninvited comers.把不速之客赶了回去To halt the advance of:使停止前进,挡住:managed to turn back the advancing army.设法挡住了向前推进的军队To fold down:翻起,折转:Turn back the corner of the page to save your place in the book.在书角上折一下来作读到哪里的记号turn downTo diminish the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of:降低,减弱:调低速度、音量、强度或流量:Turn down the radio, please.请把收音机的音量调低To reject or refuse, as a person, advice, or a suggestion:拒绝:拒绝某人、建议或忠告:We politely turned down the invitation.我们有礼貌地拒绝了邀请To fold or be capable of folding down:翻下:折转或能够被翻下:turn a collar down; a collar that turns down.翻下衣领;能翻下的衣领turn inTo hand in; give over:交还;上交:turned in the final exam.上交期末考试试卷To inform on or deliver:检举,陈述:The criminal turned herself in.罪犯自首了To produce:完成:turns in a consistent performance every day.每天的表现都很一致Informal To go to bed:【非正式用语】 上床睡觉:I turned in early last night.我昨晚很早就上床睡觉了turn offTo stop the operation, activity, or flow of; shut off:关闭,停止:终止运转、行为或流动;关掉:turned off the television.关掉电视Slang 【俚语】 To affect with dislike, displeasure, or revulsion:讨厌,厌恶:使不喜欢,讨厌或厌恶:That song really turns me off.我一点也不喜欢那首歌To affect with boredom:使厌烦:The play turned the audience off.这出戏让观众很倒味To lose or cause to lose interest; withdraw:失去或使失去兴趣;撤回:turning off to materialism.沦为实利主义To cease paying attention to:不注意:Unable to leave my seat, I turned off the boring speaker and thought about vacation.不能离开我的座位,我对那个令人厌烦的讲演者置之不理,开始考虑假期To divert; deflect.分散;转移Chiefly British To dismiss (an employee).【多用于英国】 解雇(员工)turn onTo cause to begin the operation, activity, or flow of:打开,开启:使开始运作、活动或流动:Turn on the light bulb.打开电灯To begin to display, employ, or exude:开始展示,显露出,流露出:turn on the charm.显露出魅力Slang 【俚语】 To take or cause to take a mind-altering drug, especially for the first time.开始或使开始吸毒,尤指第一次To be or cause to become interested, pleasurably excited, or stimulated. Often used with to : 使兴奋,使刺激:产生或使产生兴趣、兴奋或刺激。通常与to 连用: My uncle turned me on to jazz. She turned on to surfing this summer.我叔叔使我对爵士乐发生了兴趣。这个夏季她对滑水发生了兴趣To excite or become excited sexually.(使)激发性欲turn outTo shut off:关上,关掉:turned out the lights.关掉了灯To arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment:聚集,召集:聚集或召集,如参加公众活动或娱乐:A large group of protesters have turned out.一大群抗议者聚集到了一起 To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make:生产:产出,如通过制作过程;制造:an assembly line turning out cars.生产小汽车的流水线 To be found to be, as after experience or trial:证实:发觉是,如经历或试验之后:The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.新手证明是队里最出色的击球员To end up; result:结果;结果:The cake turned out beautifully.蛋糕最后做出来很漂亮To equip; outfit:装备;配置:troops that were turned out beautifully.装备精良的队伍Informal To get out of bed.【非正式用语】 起床To evict; expel:赶出;使搬走:The tenants were turned out.房客都被赶走了turn overTo bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; invert.翻转,翻过来:把底翻到上面或相反面;翻转To shift the position of, as by rolling from one side to the other.翻滚:改变位置,似乎通过从一边到另一边滚动To shift one"s position by rolling from one side to the other.翻身:从一边滚向另一边改变位置To rotate; cycle:旋转;转动:The engine turned over but wouldn"t start.发动机转了一圈,但是没有起动To think about; consider:考虑;思考:She turned over the problem in her mind.她仔细考虑了这个问题To transfer to another; surrender:移交;交出:turned over the illegal funds.交出了非法资金To do business to the extent or amount of:营业额达:turn over a million dollars a year.一年的营业额是一百万美元To seem to lurch or heave convulsively:翻动:似乎在痉挛性地抽动:My stomach turned over.我的胃在翻动turn toTo begin work:开始工作:If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.如果你停止闲逛,马上开始工作,清洁工作一天就能做完turn upTo increase the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of:开大,调高:增加速度、音量,强度或流量:turn up the public-address system.调高播音系统的音量To find:发现,找到:She turned up the missing papers under her blotter.她在记事本下找到了丢失的文件To be found:找到:The papers will turn up sooner or later.文件迟早会找到的To make an appearance; arrive:出现;到达:Several old friends turned up at the reunion.好几个老朋友出现在聚会上To fold or be capable of folding up:折叠:折叠或能够被折叠:turning up his cuffs; cuffs that will turn up.卷起自己的袖口;卷起来的袖口 To happen unexpectedly:意外地发生:Something turned up and I was unable to go.发生了一点意外,我不能离开To be evident:变得明显:Her name constantly turns up in art circles.她的名字经常出现在艺术圈里【习惯用法】at every turnIn every place; at every moment.处处;时时 by turnsOne after another; alternately:轮流地,交替地:“From the . . . testimony emerges a man by turns devious and honest, vulgar and gallant, scatterbrained and shrewd”(Life)“从指证来看,一个人交替地表现为狡猾和诚实,粗鄙和豪侠,浮躁和精明”(生活)in turnIn the proper order or sequence.依次地,轮流地out of turnNot in the proper order or sequence.未按照正当的次序或顺序地At an inappropriate time or in an inappropriate manner:不合时宜地,轻率地:I may be speaking out of turn, but you might like to know that your attire does not conform to the dress code here.或许我说话有些不合时宜,但是你可能愿意知道你的衣着与这里的服装规则不相符to a turnTo a precise degree; perfectly:正好;恰好:The roast was done to a turn.面包烤得恰到好处turn a blind eyeTo refuse to see or recognize something:熟视无睹:拒绝正视,装作没看见:turned a blind eye to government corruption.对于政府的腐败熟视无睹turn a deaf earTo refuse to listen to or hear something:置若罔闻,装作没听见:turned a deaf ear to the protests.对抗议置若罔闻turn a hairTo become afraid or upset:慌张,不安:变得慌张或不安:didn"t turn a hair during the bank robbery.在抢劫银行发生的过程中,没有露出丝毫慌张的神色turn (one"s) back onTo deny; reject.拒绝;放弃To abandon; forsake.抛弃;丢弃 turn (one"s) handTo apply oneself, as to a task:着手:从事,如一项工作:turned her hand to writing the dissertation; was lazy and wouldn"t turn his hand.开始着手写学术论文;很懒,不肯开始工作turn (one"s) headTo cause to become infatuated.使变得糊涂To cause to become egotistical and conceited:使变得自负,自高大自:Success has turned his head.成功使他变得自高自大turn over a new leafTo change, as one"s attitude or conduct, for the better.改过一新:向好的方面转变,如自己的态度成举止turn tailTo run away.逃跑,逃走turn the corner或turn a cornerTo reach and surpass a midpoint or milestone.到达并超越了终点或里程碑turn the other cheekTo respond to insult or injury by patiently eschewing retaliation.逆来顺受:以忍耐对待侮辱和伤害turn the scalesTo offset the balance of a situation.打破僵局:打破某一形式的平衡状态turn the tablesTo reverse a situation and gain the upper h
2023-01-13 01:58:352

求几个英语单词的英文解释

用例子说明,希望有用:deal(处理) ,deal with是其常见词组 Deal with the man deal with you.以其人之道还其人之身。unless(除非)I accepte the treatment unless promised by my docter. unfair(不公平的)It is not fair. affect(感动) we are affected deeply by the movie我们被这部电影深深感动。solve(解决)I have many things to solve我有许多事要解决 challnge(挑战)entering WTO for China is a dig chanllege对于中国来说,加入WTO是巨大的挑战 regard(将...视为)The lady regards the dog as her baby那位女士把这只狗当作她的孩子 smart(聪明的)Jake is smart/clever duty(责任,义务) It is our duty to defend our country.保卫国家是我们的义务。instead(替代) 一般是instead of she did not go to school instead of seeing film她没有去上学,而是去看点电影了
2023-01-13 01:58:394

间 在古代有什么意思

古汉语词典解释,有6条:空隙:间隙。当间儿。亲密无间。隔开,不连接:间隔。间断。间接。间日。间歇。黑白相间。挑拨使人不和:离间。间谍。反间计。拔去,除去:间苗。偏僻的小路:间道。间行(从小路走)。参与:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉”。其他的主要用法:间、闲jiàn【名】(会意。古写作“闲”,“间”是后起字。金文,从门,从月。段玉裁《说文解字注》:“开门月入,门有缝而月光可入。”(jiàn)本义:门缝)同本义。泛指缝隙;空隙〖gap;spacebetween〗闲,隙也。从门,中见月。会意。——《说文》有闲中也。又,闲不及旁也。——《墨子经》其闲不能以寸。——《孟子》从门闲而窥其夫。—《史记·管晏传》彼节者有间。——《庄子·养生主》以无厚入有间。得间奔真州。——宋·文天祥《【指南录】后序》又如:间出(乘隙私出,微行);间缺(空隙);间蹊(小道);间径(小道;僻路)隔阂;嫌隙〖estrangement〗时将有反,事将有间。——《国语·越语下》间谍〖spy〗。如:间使(密使);间骑(骑兵侦察员);间者(探子);间事(用间谍之事);间人(内奸)间jiàn【动】挑拔,使人不和〖sowdiscord〗谗人间之。——《史记·屈原贾生列传》又如:离间(挑拔使之不和睦);间构(离间构陷,挑拔中伤);间疏(离间);间贰(离间);间书(用以挑拔是非的信)拔去多余的植株、去掉〖林中〗多余的树(使其他的苗或树能更好地生长)〖thinout〗。如:间玉米苗隔开间隔〖keepapart;atadistancefrom〗枫松相间。——《徐霞客游记·游黄山记》病间月。——清·方苞《狱中杂记》又如:间行(拉开距离行进);间阔(久别;远离);间岁(隔一年);间世(隔代)夹杂;参杂〖beintermingled;bemixedupwith〗中间力拉。——《虞初新志·秋声诗序》又如:间色(杂);间错(间杂);间编(编次杂乱);间厕(夹杂);间诂(夹注)非难;毁谤〖blame;reproach;slander〗。如:间然(非议);间废(不以为然而废弃);间言(非议);间非(责怪);间谤(毁谤)参与〖participate〗肉食者谋之,又何间焉!——《左传·庄公十年》更迭;交替〖dosth.alternately〗异才复间出,周道日惟新。——杜甫《别蔡十四著作》又如:间歌(古时吹笙和唱歌相交替的一种礼制);间出(隔世而出);间生(隔世而生)间jiàn【副】间或,断断续续〖sometimes〗时时而间进。——《战国策·齐策》间道经其门。——宋·沈括《梦溪笔谈·活板》间以诗记所遭。——宋·文天祥《【指南录】后序》间则蹑屐。——明·刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》秘密,暗中(隔开众人,使自己隐而不现)〖insecret〗又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。——《史记·陈涉世家》侯生乃屏人间语。——《史记·魏公子列传》
2023-01-13 01:58:421

rciting poems是什么意思

reciting poem 背诵诗词
2023-01-13 01:58:492

冷热交替 的英文

cold and hot alternately
2023-01-13 01:58:522

请教高手翻译一下句子,英翻中,要人工翻译。通顺为佳,谢谢了!

11. 美国人渴求的方便,与其说是反映了悠闲的生活方式,还不如说是反映忙碌的生活方式, 几分钟的时间都很珍贵,不能浪费。12. 在辩论中,一方必须纠正对手所列事实中的错误,否认其论据的适用性,并在论据适用时,否认这写论据足够证明其论点。13. 我们不清楚心理满足在多大程度上影响一个人的生活:充实的还是空虚的。14. 在鼓励航海方面,,葡萄牙人在很大程度上归功于一个人,他就是十五世纪航海家亨利王子。15. 如果作者仔细检查其报告的准确性,他们对科学实验的描述一般都是正确的。(account 这里是报道,描述,叙述的意思)16. 每当我们听到自然灾害的消息时,都会对受到影响的人感到同情, 即使灾害发生在遥远的地方。17. 大概可以不夸张地说,不久我们就会把我们的健康,财富和幸福托付给一些陌生的要素。 公众对这些要素的名称都不熟悉。 18, 那个演讲者称,在公共救助和健康上的开支所占财富的比例上,没有任何其他现代国家比美国更低。19. 有人认为下述观点是可疑的: 与国防有关的研究项目将会有助于提高生活水平或者对保护我们日益枯竭的资源很有作用。 20. 如果人在开始做梦时就被叫醒,即使睡眠时间足够, 他们也很可能更容易发怒。
2023-01-13 01:58:554

turn 用法

turnturnAHD:[tûrn] D.J.[t*8n]K.K.[t)n]【基本词意】v.(动词)turned, turn.ing, turnsv.tr.(及物动词)To cause to move around an axis or a center; cause to rotate or revolve.使旋转,转动:使绕着一个轴或中心移动;使转动或旋转 To cause to move around in order to achieve a result, such as opening, closing, tightening, or loosening:转动:使转动以达到某种结果,如打开、关闭、拧紧或拧松:turn the key; turn a screw.转动钥匙;拧动螺丝钉 To alter or control the functioning of (a mechanical device, for example) by the use of a rotating or similar movement:扭动,旋动:通过旋转或类似动作改变或控制(如机械装置)的功能:Please turn the iron to a hotter setting.请把熨斗旋动到更热 To perform or accomplish by rotating or revolving:翻,翻转:通过转动或旋转来执行或完成:turn a somersault.翻筋斗To change the position of so that the underside becomes the upper side:翻转:改变…的位置而使下面的成为上面的:turn the steak; turn a page.翻转牛排;翻一页书To spade or plow (soil) to bring the undersoil to the surface.翻耕,翻土:翻(土)或犁(土),从而把下面的泥土翻到表面上来To reverse and resew the material of (a collar, for example).翻修:用翻料或重缝的方法修整(如领子)To revolve in the mind; meditate on; ponder.盘算;反复思考;考虑To give a rounded form to (wood, for example) by rotating against a cutting tool.车削:在切割工具上旋转而使(如木头)成为圆形To give a rounded shape to (clay, for example) by rotating and shaping with the hands or tools.使成形,使成圆形:用手或工具旋转和定型而使(例如粘土)成为圆形To give a rounded form to:使成圆形:turn a heel in knitting a sock.编织短袜时把脚的后跟织成圆形To give distinctive, artistic, or graceful form to:使变得形式优美,使变得形状匀称:给予独特,艺术,优雅的形式:“They know precisely how to turn a dramatic line or phrase that is guaranteed to make the evening news”(William Safire)“他们当然知道如何写出适合晚间新闻的文采优美的词句”(威廉·萨菲尔)To change the position of by traversing an arc of a circle; pivot:绕过,转动:绕过一段圆弧改变位置;使绕枢轴转动:turned his chair toward the speaker.转动椅子面向说话人To cause (a scale) to move up or down so as to register weight:称重:使(秤台)上下移动以记录重量:Even a feather will turn a delicate scale.一台精密的天平能称出即使是一片羽毛的重量To fold, bend, or twist (something).使折叠,使弯曲,使扭曲To change the position or disposition of by folding, bending, or twisting:翻,翻转:通过折叠、弯曲成扭曲而改变位置或姿式:Turn the design right side up on all your jacket buttons. Turn the hat inside out.把你外套上的纽扣的图案翻转正了。把帽子的里面翻出来To make a bend or curve in:弄弯:把…弄弯把…弄成曲线:He could turn a bar of steel.他能把一根钢棒弄弯 To blunt or dull (the edge of a cutting instrument).弄钝,弄卷刃(切割工具的刃)To injure by twisting:扭伤:因扭曲而弄伤:turn an ankle.扭伤了脚踝To upset or make nauseated:使作呕,使恶心:That story turns my stomach.这个故事令我作呕To change the direction or course of:使…改变方向,使改变路程:turn the car to the left.把车朝左拐To divert or deflect:使转向,使改变方向:turn a stampede.使群众分心To reverse the course of; cause to retreat:使撤退;使掉头:“Then turn your forces from this paltry siege/And stir them up against a mightier task”(Shakespeare)“那么把你的军队调离这足取的围攻/而鼓动他们去完成更艰巨的任务”(莎士比亚)To make a course around or about:迂回,绕过,拐过:turn a corner.绕过拐角To change the purpose, intention, or content of by persuasion or influence:转变,改变:通过劝说或施加影响而改变目的、意图或倾向:His speech turned my thinking.他的演说改变了我的想法To change the order or disposition of; unsettle:使混乱,使迷乱;使错乱:“Sudden prosperity had turned [his] head” (Macaulay)“飞来的横财使〔他的〕 脑筋不太正常” (麦考利)To set in a specified way or direction by or as if by rotating or pivoting; point:转动:通过或好象通过旋转或绕枢轴旋转而放在一定的方向或形态;指向:turn the antenna east.把触角转向东To present in a specified direction by or as if by rotating or pivoting:朝向,转弯:通过或好象旋转或绕枢轴转动而使出现在某一方向:turn one"s face to the wall.将脸转向墙To aim or focus; train:瞄准或聚焦于;使对着:turn one"s gaze to the sky.抬眼凝视天空To devote or apply (oneself, for example) to something:致力于,投身于:使(如自己)投身或致力于某事:She turned herself to music.她致力于音乐To cause to act or go against; make antagonistic:使反对,使敌对;使…成为敌人:News of the scandal turned public opinion against the candidate.关于丑闻的报道使公众舆论都反对候选人To cause to go in a specific direction; direct:引导,指导:使向某一特定方向运动;引导:They turned their way back.他们掉头向回走To send, drive, or let go:驱赶,打发,放走:turn the bully out of the bar; turned the dog loose.把这个恶棍赶出酒吧;把狗放开To pour, let fall, or otherwise release (contents) from or into a receptacle:倒,倾倒:倾倒或用其他方法把容器中的东西倒出或倒入容器:Turn the dough onto a floured board.把生面团倒在撒了面粉的板上To cause to take on a specified character, nature, identity, or appearance; change or transform. Used with to or into : 改变:使具有特定的性质、本质、身份或外形;改变或使变成。与to 或 into 连用: water that had been turned to ice; turn a rundown house into a show place.已变成冰的水;把一所破旧的房子改变成一个表演场所To make sour; ferment:使变酸;使变质:Lack of refrigeration turned the milk.没有电冰箱会使牛奶变质To affect or change the color of:使变色,使颜色改变:Autumn turns the green leaves golden.秋天使绿叶变成了金黄色To exchange; convert. Used with to or into : 交换;转换。与to 或 into 连用: turns her singing talent into extra money.把她的歌唱天赋转换成外块To keep in circulation; sell and restock:周转:使流通;出卖然后再进货:We turned a great deal of merchandise during the holidays.在假期中我们周转大量的商品To get by buying and selling:赚取,挣得:通过买和卖而挣得:turn a fair profit.赢利情况不错【常用词组】turn awayTo send away; dismiss:把…打发走;解雇:turned away the salesperson.解雇了推销员To repel:驱逐:The poor location of the condominium turned away many prospective buyers.公寓房偏僻的位置赶跑了许多很有希望的买主To avert; deflect:挡开;使转向:turned away all criticism.挡开了所有的批评turn backTo reverse one"s direction of motion:折回,往回走:掉转某人的运动方向:stopped on the road and had to turn back.在公路上停了下来,只好往回走To drive back and away:使折回,赶回去:turned back the uninvited comers.把不速之客赶了回去To halt the advance of:使停止前进,挡住:managed to turn back the advancing army.设法挡住了向前推进的军队To fold down:翻起,折转:Turn back the corner of the page to save your place in the book.在书角上折一下来作读到哪里的记号turn downTo diminish the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of:降低,减弱:调低速度、音量、强度或流量:Turn down the radio, please.请把收音机的音量调低To reject or refuse, as a person, advice, or a suggestion:拒绝:拒绝某人、建议或忠告:We politely turned down the invitation.我们有礼貌地拒绝了邀请To fold or be capable of folding down:翻下:折转或能够被翻下:turn a collar down; a collar that turns down.翻下衣领;能翻下的衣领turn inTo hand in; give over:交还;上交:turned in the final exam.上交期末考试试卷To inform on or deliver:检举,陈述:The criminal turned herself in.罪犯自首了To produce:完成:turns in a consistent performance every day.每天的表现都很一致Informal To go to bed:【非正式用语】 上床睡觉:I turned in early last night.我昨晚很早就上床睡觉了turn offTo stop the operation, activity, or flow of; shut off:关闭,停止:终止运转、行为或流动;关掉:turned off the television.关掉电视Slang 【俚语】 To affect with dislike, displeasure, or revulsion:讨厌,厌恶:使不喜欢,讨厌或厌恶:That song really turns me off.我一点也不喜欢那首歌To affect with boredom:使厌烦:The play turned the audience off.这出戏让观众很倒味To lose or cause to lose interest; withdraw:失去或使失去兴趣;撤回:turning off to materialism.沦为实利主义To cease paying attention to:不注意:Unable to leave my seat, I turned off the boring speaker and thought about vacation.不能离开我的座位,我对那个令人厌烦的讲演者置之不理,开始考虑假期To divert; deflect.分散;转移Chiefly British To dismiss (an employee).【多用于英国】 解雇(员工)turn onTo cause to begin the operation, activity, or flow of:打开,开启:使开始运作、活动或流动:Turn on the light bulb.打开电灯To begin to display, employ, or exude:开始展示,显露出,流露出:turn on the charm.显露出魅力Slang 【俚语】 To take or cause to take a mind-altering drug, especially for the first time.开始或使开始吸毒,尤指第一次To be or cause to become interested, pleasurably excited, or stimulated. Often used with to : 使兴奋,使刺激:产生或使产生兴趣、兴奋或刺激。通常与to 连用: My uncle turned me on to jazz. She turned on to surfing this summer.我叔叔使我对爵士乐发生了兴趣。这个夏季她对滑水发生了兴趣To excite or become excited sexually.(使)激发性欲turn outTo shut off:关上,关掉:turned out the lights.关掉了灯To arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment:聚集,召集:聚集或召集,如参加公众活动或娱乐:A large group of protesters have turned out.一大群抗议者聚集到了一起 To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make:生产:产出,如通过制作过程;制造:an assembly line turning out cars.生产小汽车的流水线 To be found to be, as after experience or trial:证实:发觉是,如经历或试验之后:The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.新手证明是队里最出色的击球员To end up; result:结果;结果:The cake turned out beautifully.蛋糕最后做出来很漂亮To equip; outfit:装备;配置:troops that were turned out beautifully.装备精良的队伍Informal To get out of bed.【非正式用语】 起床To evict; expel:赶出;使搬走:The tenants were turned out.房客都被赶走了turn overTo bring the bottom to the top or vice versa; invert.翻转,翻过来:把底翻到上面或相反面;翻转To shift the position of, as by rolling from one side to the other.翻滚:改变位置,似乎通过从一边到另一边滚动To shift one"s position by rolling from one side to the other.翻身:从一边滚向另一边改变位置To rotate; cycle:旋转;转动:The engine turned over but wouldn"t start.发动机转了一圈,但是没有起动To think about; consider:考虑;思考:She turned over the problem in her mind.她仔细考虑了这个问题To transfer to another; surrender:移交;交出:turned over the illegal funds.交出了非法资金To do business to the extent or amount of:营业额达:turn over a million dollars a year.一年的营业额是一百万美元To seem to lurch or heave convulsively:翻动:似乎在痉挛性地抽动:My stomach turned over.我的胃在翻动turn toTo begin work:开始工作:If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.如果你停止闲逛,马上开始工作,清洁工作一天就能做完turn upTo increase the speed, volume, intensity, or flow of:开大,调高:增加速度、音量,强度或流量:turn up the public-address system.调高播音系统的音量To find:发现,找到:She turned up the missing papers under her blotter.她在记事本下找到了丢失的文件To be found:找到:The papers will turn up sooner or later.文件迟早会找到的To make an appearance; arrive:出现;到达:Several old friends turned up at the reunion.好几个老朋友出现在聚会上To fold or be capable of folding up:折叠:折叠或能够被折叠:turning up his cuffs; cuffs that will turn up.卷起自己的袖口;卷起来的袖口 To happen unexpectedly:意外地发生:Something turned up and I was unable to go.发生了一点意外,我不能离开To be evident:变得明显:Her name constantly turns up in art circles.她的名字经常出现在艺术圈里【习惯用法】at every turnIn every place; at every moment.处处;时时 by turnsOne after another; alternately:轮流地,交替地:“From the . . . testimony emerges a man by turns devious and honest, vulgar and gallant, scatterbrained and shrewd”(Life)“从指证来看,一个人交替地表现为狡猾和诚实,粗鄙和豪侠,浮躁和精明”(生活)in turnIn the proper order or sequence.依次地,轮流地out of turnNot in the proper order or sequence.未按照正当的次序或顺序地At an inappropriate time or in an inappropriate manner:不合时宜地,轻率地:I may be speaking out of turn, but you might like to know that your attire does not conform to the dress code here.或许我说话有些不合时宜,但是你可能愿意知道你的衣着与这里的服装规则不相符to a turnTo a precise degree; perfectly:正好;恰好:The roast was done to a turn.面包烤得恰到好处turn a blind eyeTo refuse to see or recognize something:熟视无睹:拒绝正视,装作没看见:turned a blind eye to government corruption.对于政府的腐败熟视无睹turn a deaf earTo refuse to listen to or hear something:置若罔闻,装作没听见:turned a deaf ear to the protests.对抗议置若罔闻turn a hairTo become afraid or upset:慌张,不安:变得慌张或不安:didn"t turn a hair during the bank robbery.在抢劫银行发生的过程中,没有露出丝毫慌张的神色turn (one"s) back onTo deny; reject.拒绝;放弃To abandon; forsake.抛弃;丢弃 turn (one"s) handTo apply oneself, as to a task:着手:从事,如一项工作:turned her hand to writing the dissertation; was lazy and wouldn"t turn his hand.开始着手写学术论文;很懒,不肯开始工作turn (one"s) headTo cause to become infatuated.使变得糊涂To cause to become egotistical and conceited:使变得自负,自高大自:Success has turned his head.成功使他变得自高自大turn over a new leafTo change, as one"s attitude or conduct, for the better.改过一新:向好的方面转变,如自己的态度成举止turn tailTo run away.逃跑,逃走turn the corner或turn a cornerTo reach and surpass a midpoint or milestone.到达并超越了终点或里程碑turn the other cheekTo respond to insult or injury by patiently eschewing retaliation.逆来顺受:以忍耐对待侮辱和伤害turn the scalesTo offset the balance of a situation.打破僵局:打破某一形式的平衡状态turn the tablesTo reverse a situation and gain the upper h
2023-01-13 01:58:592

用英语推销一双运动鞋

New fashioned sports shoesA: Hello, good morning.B: Hi, morning.A对B:Sir , I think you will be interested in the new fashioned sports shoes.A对C:And Miss, I also think you will be interested in buying your handsome boy a pair of new shoes.C对A: Aha, perhaps I will if it"s very very cheap. One Yuan ten paris, for example.A对C: How cute you are, Miss! And don"t worry about the price.B对A: But I have already got one. I bought it weeks ago. A对B: Yes? Is it a pair of sports shoes?B对A: yeah, of courseA对B: Well, I think a pair of sports shoes is not enough for an athletic man like you. I guess you must be fond of playing basketball, and do a lot of sports everyday.C对A: So does he. How did you guess that?A对C:I just judged from the good shape of him.C对A: Oh, I see. That"s a good way.A对B: So that pair of shoes may be wetted by sweater everyday. I suggest you take another one, so that you can wear alternately.
2023-01-13 01:59:022

高一英语作文

英语简介:The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway"s most enduring works.Told in language of great simplicity and power,it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman,down on his luck,and his supreme ordeal——a relentless,agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.Here Hemingway recasts,in strikingly contemporary style,the classic thene of courage in the face of defeat,of personal triumph won from los.Written in 1952,this hugely successfully novella confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature 英语读后感:This year summer vacation, I read the American well-known writer Hemingway"s novel " old person and sea ". I extremely admire in the novel the senior fisherman"s will, he let me understand one person certainly must have relentless spirit, only then could obtain successfully. The novel description is one year near sixty years of age senior fisherman, when alone goes to sea in one fishing, fished one big fish, actually did not pull. The senior fisherman socialized several days after the fish, only then discovered this was the big marlin which one surpassed the oneself fishing boat several fold, although knew perfectly well very difficult to win, but still did not give up. Afterwards and further because in the big marlin wound fish fishy smell brought in several crowds of shark fish snatches the food, but the old person still did not hope like this to give up, finally highlighted encircles tightly, returned to the big fish belt the fishing port, lets other fishermen not admire already. When I read " the senior fisherman think: Here to the seacoast really was too near, perhaps could have a bigger fish in a farther place... " When, I extremely admire this senior fisherman, because he by now already projected on some fish, but he had not settled to the present situation, but was approaches the bigger goal advance. Again has a look us, usually meets one slightly is difficult, we all complain incessantly. We will be the motherland future, will be supposed to like this old person same mind lofty aspiration, will even better pursue even better, the bigger goal. When I read " the big marlin start fast to gather round the young fishing boat hover, twined the cable on the mast, the old person right hand lifted up high the steel fork, leapt the water surface in it the flash, did utmost throws to its heart, one wail ended the big fish"s life, it was static static floats on the water surface... " When, my heart also liked together the big stone falls. I extremely admire old person that kind do not dread, the relentless spirit, although knows the match strength is very strong, but he not slightly flinches, but is welcomes difficultly above. Just because had this kind of spirit, the senior fisherman only then achieved this life and death contest success. We also must study senior fisherman"s spirit in life, handles the matter does not fear the difficulty, only then can obtain successfully.
2023-01-13 01:59:072

请不要用翻译机器翻译以下一些关于篮球的句子

没有主语的句子可以加个学生做主语1进攻队员在远离防守时,观察场上情况力求寻找进攻机会,调整战术配合方位以及后场向前场运球推进时,常用高运球技术。2 两脚前后开立,两膝微屈,运球手臂自然弯曲,以肘关节为轴,随球上下摆动,上体稍前倾,目视前方,手按拍球的上方,使球落于身体的侧前方,行进间高运球时,手腕后屈按拍球的后上方,加上跑的速度,使球往前推进。3进攻队员为了避开防守队员抢球,常采用低运球以保护球或摆脱防守4抬头,目视前方,两腿迅速弯屈,降低重心,上体前倾,靠近防守队员的一侧,用身体和腿保护球。同时,用手短促地按拍球,控制球从地面反弹的高度在膝部以下,以便摆脱防守继续前进。5抬头,目视前方,降低重心,上体前倾,左手护球,右手利用手腕、手指控制球的落点及运动轨迹。6双脚前后开立,左手护球, 右手利用手臂、手腕、手指控制球的落点和运动轨迹7准备姿势同原地高运球。练习时,左、右腿轮流向前上方踢起,当左腿前踢时,右手拍球至身体左则,左手拍球原同时右腿再向前上方踢起。依此连续练习。亦可在同侧腿踢起运球8脚左右开立,稍分前后,膝微屈,两手各持一球。练习时,两手同时(先后)放球,按同一节拍两手(交替)运两球。待熟练后可在行进中进行9两个队员一组,在运好自己手中的球的前提下,利用身体和护球手干扰对方的球10两脚前后开立成弓箭步,持球于胸腹前。如(图)所示,练习时,右手持球加力使球从胯下向左反弹,左手迎引球后,再加力使球从胯下向右反弹回,依此两手交替运球。动作速率可逐渐加快。
2023-01-13 01:59:103

末尾是y的单词有什么?

boy joy try sky play party
2023-01-13 01:59:146

by turns 和in turns在用法上有什么区别?

by turns强调“一个接一个”和“轮流”,带有“循环”的意思,而in turn强调“顺序”,是“依次相继地”的意思。in turn还有“反之、反过来”的意思,而by turns没有这层意思。in turn和by turns的用法in turn依次,相继地。例:We sang the song in turn.我们依照次序唱歌。反之,反过来。例:Mary gave Jack an apple while Jack gave Mary some oranges in turn.玛丽给了杰克一个苹果,而杰克反过来给玛丽一些桔子。by turns轮流地,交替地。例:They sang songs by turns.他们轮流唱歌。1、in excitement 是兴奋当中,有一时冲动的含义。例:We held our breath in excitement. 我们激动地屏息凝神。2、with excitement 是带着兴奋,兴奋的怎么怎么样的意思。例:One fall morning, the class was abuzz with excitment. 一个秋天的上午,全班闹腾起来。
2023-01-13 01:59:252

英语rowena是什么意思

译作罗威娜或者罗伊那来自英国,是撒克逊名的拉丁化形式,可能由日耳曼语的成分hrod=fame名声+ wynn=joy高兴,喜悦组成。 最早首先出现在拉丁语编年史Geoffrey of Monmouth中,是作为撒克逊侵略者Hengist一个女儿的名字出现的。
2023-01-13 01:59:326

台球里的子球 英语

下面是美式8球,美式9球和斯诺克的英文介绍,里面有你要的答案:)I will introduce three main billiards modes to you here, and they are American 8 balls, American 9 balls and snooker.American 8 balls: We have 16 balls including one cue ball (white ball), seven solid balls (from number 1 to 7), seven stripe balls (from number 9 to 15) and one black ball (number 8) in American 8 balls. Players play alternately and who firstly sinks a ball aside from cue ball and eight ball picks his type of balls (either solid balls or stripe balls) and the other player has to strike the other type of balls. Player can continue to play until he fails to sink his type of balls or breaks the rules. Player who finishes his own type of balls and then sinks the eight ball wins the game.American 9 balls: We have 10 balls including one cue ball (white ball) and 9 other balls (from number 1 to 9) in American 9 balls. Like in American 8 balls, players play alternately. The difference is that each player can strike all the balls still on the table, but he has always to strike the ball of the lowest number. Player can strike other balls in aid of the lowest-numbered ball. Player can continue to play until he fails to sink any ball or breaks the rules. Player who sinks the nine ball first gets to win.Snooker: There are 1 cue ball, 15 red balls and six colored balls (from number 2 to 7) in snooker. In snooker, we calculate points for players. Red ball represents 1 point and colored ball represents the point of its number. Also, players play the game alternately. Player in his turn to play should strike red ball and colored ball alternately and he can successively play until he fails to sink a ball or breaks the rules. Before all the red balls are finished, the colored balls should be picked up and placed to its original position after they get sinked. After all the red balls are finished, player should strike the colored balls orderly from 2 to 7. Player who gets the higher scores wins when the game is over.
2023-01-13 01:59:423

备选的英文

optional,alternative参考例句:I gave you a shortlist.我给了你一份备选名单。optional是什么意思:adj. 可选择的;选修的;随意的,任意的optional subjects选修科目No highway option.没什么捷径可言。Is French compulsory or optional?法语是必修课还是选修课?Who has got an option on the building?谁获得这幢建筑物的买卖选择权?You have an option on a piece of land.你有买卖一地皮的选择权。alternative是什么意思:请点击输入图片描述adj. 供选择的;两者择一的;交替的;非正统的n. 二中择一;供替代的选择;可供选择的事物Are there alternatives to prison?除了监禁还有其他办法吗?should alternately present as undulate .激情平淡应呈波浪形交替出现。There are two reasonable alternatives.有两个合理的替代方案。There appears to be no alternative to the increase of price .除了提高物价没有别的选择。You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉,任你选择。
2023-01-13 01:59:451

有关信仰的英文演讲稿

说实话我是COPY的.你看看能不能用把.A religion is a system of human thought which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner"s experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity or deities, or ultimate truth.[1] Religion is commonly identified by the practitioner"s prayer, ritual, meditation, music and art, among other things, and is often interwoven with society and politics. It may focus on specific supernatural, metaphysical, and moral claims about reality (the cosmos and human nature) which may yield a set of religious laws, ethics, and a particular lifestyle. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and religious experience.The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. "Religion" is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system,"[2] but it is more socially defined than personal convictions, and it entails specific behaviors, respectively.In the frame of western religious thought,[3] religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane.[4] According to the futurist Raymond Kurzweil, "The primary role of traditional religion is deathist rationalization—that is, rationalizing the tragedy of death as a good thing."[5] Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief, and these may have some overlap with concepts in secular philosophy. Religion is also often described as a "way of life" or a life stance Religion and the body politicA good understanding of the meaning of Christianity before the word "religion" came into common usage can be found in St. Augustine"s writing. For Augustine, Christianity was a disciplina, a "rule" just like that of the Roman Empire. Christianity was therefore a power structure opposing and superseding human institutions, a literal Kingdom of Heaven. Rather than calling one to self-discipline through symbols, it was itself the discipline taught by one"s family, school, church, and city authorities.[11] However at this point the root of the English word "religion", the Latin religio, was in use only to mean "reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety" (which Cicero further derived to mean "diligence"[12]); in other words, there was no sense of a "system" nor even of the Christian power structure but only of spirituality.[13] Max Müller characterized many other cultures around the world, including Egypt, Persia, and India, as having a similar power structure at this point in history. What we would call religion today, they would only call "law".[14]As Christianity became commonplace, the charismatic authority identified by Augustine, a quality we might today call "religiousness", had a commanding influence at the local level. This system persisted in the Byzantine Empire following the East-West Schism, while Western Europe regulated unpredictable expressions of charisma through the Roman Catholic Church. However, as the Church lost its dominance during the Protestant Reformation and Christianity became closely tied to political structures, religion was recast as the basis of national sovereignty, and religious identity gradually became a less universal sense of spirituality and more divisive, locally defined, and tied to nationality.[15] It was at this point that "religion" was dissociated with universal beliefs and moved closer to dogma in both meaning and practice. However there was not yet the idea of dogma as personal choice, only of established churches.Religious freedomIn the Age of Enlightenment, the idea of Christianity as the purest expression of spirituality was supplanted by the concept of "religion" as a worldwide practice.[16] This caused such ideas as religious freedom, a reexamination of classical philosophy as an alternative to Christian thought, and more radically Deism among intellectuals such as Voltaire. Much like Christianity, the idea of "religious freedom" was exported around the world as a civilizing technique, even to regions like India that had never treated spirituality as a matter of political identity.[17] In Japan, where Buddhism was still seen as a philosophy of natural law,[18] the concept of "religion" and "religious freedom" as separate from other power structures was unnecessary until Christian missionaries demanded free access to conversion, and when Japanese Christians refused to engage in patriotic events.[19]With the Enlightenment religion lost its attachment to nationality, but rather than being a universal social attitude, it was now a personal feeling, or emotion.[20] Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as das schlechthinnige Abhängigkeitsgefühl, commonly translated as "a feeling of absolute dependence".[21] His contemporary Hegel disagreed thoroughly, defining religion as "the Divine Spirit becoming conscious of Himself through the finite spirit."[22] William James is an especially notable 19th century subscriber to the theory of religion as feeling.Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are one, a painting in the litang style portraying three men laughing by a river stream, 12th century, Song DynastyModern currents in religionReligious studiesWith the recognition of religion as a category separate from culture and society came the rise of religious studies. Clifford Geertz"s definition of religion as a "cultural system" was dominant for most of the 20th century and continues to be widely accepted today.Sociologists and anthropologists tend to see religion as an abstract set of ideas, values, or experiences developed as part of a cultural matrix. For example, in Lindbeck"s Nature of Doctrine, religion does not refer to belief in "God" or a transcendent Absolute. Instead, Lindbeck defines religion as, "a kind of cultural and/or linguistic framework or medium that shapes the entirety of life and thought… it is similar to an idiom that makes possible the description of realities, the formulation of beliefs, and the experiencing of inner attitudes, feelings, and sentiments.”[23] According to this definition, religion refers to one"s primary worldview and how this dictates one"s thoughts and actions. Thus religion is considered by some sources to extend to causes, principles, or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, and not necessarily including belief in the supernatural.[24]Although evolutionists had previously sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute which might conceivably confer biological advantages to its adherents, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow. He argued that the role of key replicator in cultural evolution belongs not to genes, but to memes replicating thought from person to person by means of imitation. These replicators respond to selective pressures that may or may not affect biological reproduction or survival.[25] Susan Blackmore regards religions as particularly tenacious memes.[26] Chris Hedges, however, regards meme theory as a misleading imposition of genetics onto psychology.Interfaith cooperationBecause religion continues to be recognized in Western thought as a universal impulse, many religious practitioners have aimed to band together in interfaith dialogue and cooperation. The first major dialogue was the Parliament of the World"s Religions at the 1893 Chicago World"s Fair, which remains notable even today both in affirming "universal values" and recognition of the diversity of practices among different cultures. The 20th century has been especially fruitful in use of interfaith dialogue as a means of solving ethnic, political, or even religious conflict, with Christian-Jewish reconciliation representing a complete reverse in the attitudes of many Christian communities towards Jews.Secularism and criticism of religionMain articles: Criticism of religion, Antireligion, Secularism, Agnosticism, and AtheismAs religion became a more personal matter, discussions of society found a new focus on political and scientific meaning, and religious attitudes were increasingly seen as irrelevant for the needs of the European world. On the political side, Ludwig Feuerbach recast Christian beliefs in light of humanism, paving the way for Karl Marx"s famous characterization of religion as "the opiate of the masses". Meanwhile, in the scientific community, T.H. Huxley in 1869 coined the term "agnostic," a term subsequently adopted by such figures as Robert Ingersoll. Later, Bertrand Russell told the world Why I Am Not a Christian.Atheists have developed a critique of religious systems as well as personal faith. Modern-day critics focus on religion"s lack of utility in human society, faulting religion as being irrational.[27] Some assert that dogmatic religions are in effect morally deficient, elevating to moral status ancient, arbitrary, and ill-informed rules—taboos on eating pork, for example, as well as dress codes and sexual practices[28]—possibly designed for reasons of hygiene or even mere politics in a bygone era.In North America and Western Europe the social fallout of the 9/11 attacks contributed in part to the appearance of numerous pro-secularist books, such as The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, The End of Faith by Sam Harris, and God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens. This criticism is largely, but not entirely, focused on the monotheistic Abrahamic traditions.Religious beliefCentral Asian (Tocharian) and East-Asian Buddhist monks, Bezeklik, Eastern Tarim Basin, 9th-10th centuryMain article: Religious beliefReligious belief usually relates to the existence, nature and worship of a deity or deities and divine involvement in the universe and human life. Alternately, it may also relate to values and practices transmitted by a spiritual leader. Unlike other belief systems, which may be passed on orally, religious belief tends to be codified in literate societies (religion in non-literate societies is still largely passed on orally[29]). In some religions, like the Abrahamic religions, it is held that most of the core beliefs have been divinely revealed.Religious belief can also involve causes, principles or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, not necessarily limited to organized religions
2023-01-13 02:00:442

科技英语翻译

忙着写论文啊老大~你要下重金才行~建议自己翻译吧。图书馆有专业词典,也可能有相关主题的论文(中英对照的那种)。空气动力学?声学?物理?
2023-01-13 02:01:012

英语写作方法

写中文进去!让老师能看懂
2023-01-13 02:01:204