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1、【by+the+计量单位名词】是【以XXX为计量单位】的意思。
例如:①重量是以公斤为单位来计量的:
Measure of weight is by the kilograms .
②通常用另一种写法:
Weight is measured in kilograms .2、单位名词是用来表示不可数名词的数量,即不可数名词的个体性;它也能与可数名词搭配,表示“一双”、“一群”等意义.常见的单位名词可归纳为以下六类:
①最常用的、搭配能力极强的单位名词有:a piece of +名词,例如 a piece of advice一个忠告; a piece of information一条消息; a piece of news一则新闻; a piece of cake一块蛋糕 ;一件轻松愉快的事; a piece of cheese一块乳酪; a piece of furniture一件家具;a piece of kindness一番好意; a piece of paper一张纸; a piece of wood一段木材; a piece of luggage一件行李;a piece of land 一块地;a piece of string一根绳子.
②表示形状的单位名词有:a ball of string一团线;a bar of chocolate一块巧克力糖;a bar of soap一条肥皂; a blade of grass一根草; a block of ice一块冰; a bunch of bananas/grapes/keys一串香蕉/葡萄/钥匙; a bunch of flowers一束花; a cluster of flowers一束花 ;a cluster of grapes一串葡萄; a loaf of bread一块面包; a roll of cloth一匹布;a roll of film一卷胶片; a sheet of glass一片玻璃 ;a slice of bread/meat/cake一片面包/肉/蛋糕;a strip of territory一条狭长地带;a string of lies/excuses一连串谎话/借口;a string of pearls一串珍珠;a stick of chalk一支粉笔 ;a stretch of land一片土地 ; a tube of toothpaste一管牙膏.
③表示容积、重量的单位名词有: a bag of flour一袋面粉; a basket of fruit一筐(篮)水果; a bottle of milk/ink一瓶牛奶/墨水; a bowl of rice一碗米饭 ; a box of sweets一盒糖;a cup of coffee/tea一杯咖啡/茶; a gallon of oil/wine一加仑油/酒;a glass of beer一杯啤酒;a handful of soil一把土;a kilogram of sugar一千克糖; a pack of cigarettes一包香烟; a spoonful of salt一匙盐.
④表示成双、成对的单位名词有:a pair of glasses一副眼镜;a pair of gloves一副手套; a pair of scissors 一把剪刀; a pair of shoes/socks一双鞋/袜; a pair of jeans/trousers一条工装裤/裤子;a pair of chopsticks一双筷子;a couple of players一对选手.
⑤关于人的单位名词有: a group of people一群人; a crowd of people一群人 ;a throng of people一群人; a gang of slaves/prisoners一群奴隶/囚犯; a gang of thieves/robbers一帮窃贼/强盗; a board of directors董事会 ;a regiment of soldiers一群士兵.
⑥关于鸟、兽、虫、鱼的单位名词有: a cloud of birds一群鸟; a flock of birds一群鸟;a flight of birds一群鸟;a flock of geese一群鹅;a flock of sheep/goats一群绵羊/山羊;a herd of cows/deer/goats一群牛/鹿/山羊;one hundred head of cattle/sheep一百头牛/绵羊 ;a band of dogs一群狗 ;a pack of wolves一群狼 ; an army of ants一大群蚂蚁; a nest of ants一群蚂蚁(一般指同住一穴的); a swarm of ants一群蚂蚁;an army of bees一大群蜜蜂; a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂;a swarm of flies/locusts一群苍蝇/蝗虫; a cloud of locusts一大群蝗虫; a school of whales一群鲸;a run of salmon一群鲑鱼.
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【by+the+计量单位名词】是【以XXX为计量单位】的意思。
例如:重量是以公斤为单位来计量的:
Measure of weight is by the kilograms .
通常用另一种写法:
Weight is measured in kilograms .
先指出问题中一些概念的混淆。
hour、year、dozen、yard、pound、calorie是单位,所以这些词是表单位的名词。
size、weight是物理量,不是单位。就好像电压是物理量,有伏、毫伏等好多种单位。Size甚至还不是一个严格定义的物理量。理解为体(容)积的话,就有升、立方米等单位。
表单位的名词,用“the+单形”的形式,是表“按xx”、“每xx”。相当于“按斤卖”、“按两卖”这种意思。所以:
The worker was paied by the hour.
意思是说工人按小时付酬。
作者:知乎用户
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来源:知乎
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