- meira
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一、英语过去分词通常表示的是及物动词的一种变化形式;
1、常用于完成时,形成固定搭配;
如:He has done his homework.他完成了他的家庭作业。
done是do的过去分词形式,在本句中表示“他已经完成了他的家庭作业。”
2、在句中作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了;
如:The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。
broken是break的过去分词形式,在本句中表示主语glass的状态,强调被打破,且已成事实。
3、在句中做定语,常用于一般现在时或过去时,既表被动又表完成;
如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
changed是changed的过去分词形式,作conditions的定语,修饰conditions。
二、英语中,有些不及物动词也有过去分词,在句中作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,同样强调动作的完成。
如:He is retired. 他已退休。
retired是retire的过去分词形式,表示主语He的状态。
- tt白
-
特别提醒
1.
过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:
When
asked
why
he
came
here,
the
boy
kept
silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。
Born
and
brought
up
in
the
countryside,
he
was
interested
in
biology.
由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。
2.
动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:
have
somebody/something
do
something
不定式作补语必须省去to,
不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:
I
had
the
workers
do
the
job
for
me.
我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim
often
has
his
father
help
him
with
his
homework.
吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have
somebody
/something
doing
something
-ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:
They
had
the
tractor
working
all
the
time.
他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We
won"t
have
the
child
talking
to
his
mother
like
that.
我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have
somebody/something
done
过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:
①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:
He
had
his
hair
cut
yesterday.
他昨天理发了。
Later
on
the
center
had
a
great
many
new
trees
planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:
He
had
his
leg
broken
in
the
match
last
month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He
had
one
eye
lost
in
the
war.
在战争中,他失去了一只眼睛。
3.
非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:
the
bridge
to
be
built
将要建造的桥
(表示将来的动作)
the
bridge
being
built
正在建造的桥
(表示正在进行的动作)
the
bridge
built
造好的桥
(表示完成的动作)
4.
过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:
Hearing
the
news,
we
felt
very
surprised.
听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶
The
news
is
very
surprising.
这个消息很令人惊讶。
They
were
frightened
to
hear
the
frightening
sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At
the
sight
of
the
moving
scene,
all
the
people
present
were
moved
to
tears.
看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing,
amused;
encouraging,
encouraged;
disappointing,
disappointed;
exciting,
excited;
puzzling,
puzzled;
satisfying,
satisfied;
worrying,
worried;
tiring,
tired;
pleasing,
pleased;
interesting,
interested;
astonishing,
astonished等。
5.
过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别:
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:
boiled
water开水
boiling
water正沸腾的水
developed
countries发展的国家
developing
countries发展中国家
fallen
leaves落叶
falling
leaves
正在飘落的叶子
changed
condition改变了的情况
changing
condition变化着的情况
由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
- 左迁
-
1
可以用在
现在完成时
或
过去完成时
里~等等。。
have/has
been
2
可以用在被动语态里
be(am
is
are
was
were)+done(动词的过去分词)
- 豆豆staR
-
do-did-done分别是现在时,过去式过去分词
过去分词一般用在完成时
比如
现在完成时过去完成时
一班句型是
have/has
done
had/done
还有就是固定词组
比如说
let
sth
done让某人做某事
had
sth
done
- 陶小凡
-
过去式是用在一般过去时的,过去分词用在完成时态的.
过去式用于“一般过去时”
过去分词要和其它成分连用。
1.have has +过去分词 (现在完成时)
2.had+过去分词(过去完成时)
3.be+过去分词(被动语态)
- 瑞瑞爱吃桃
-
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式) work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried, (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
- 可乐
-
bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegunbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtcomecamecomecutcutcutdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhear
hit
hurtheard
hit
hurtheard
hit
hurtknowknewknownleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenring rangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshutshutshutsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptspeakspokespokenspendspentspentstandstoodstoodswimswamswumsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwearworewornwritewrotewritten
- clou
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一、过去分词作定语
1.
过去分词作定语时,如果是一个单词,经常放在其所修饰的名词之前。如:
you
must
finish
the
work
within
the
given
time.
2.
过去分词短语作定语时,一般放在其所修饰的名词之后。如:
he
is
reading
a
novel
written
by
mark
twain.
二、过去分词作表语
1.
及物动词的过去分词作表语,既表示被动,又表示完成。如:
joe"s
tea
cup
is
broken.
2.
不及物动词的过去分词作表语,只表示动作的完成。如:
they
are
gone
for
vacation.
3.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。如:
the
window
is
broken.
窗户破了。(过去分词作表语表状态)
the
window
was
broken
by
tom.
窗户被汤姆打破了。(被动语态强调动作)
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,句子的谓语动词通常是感官动词和使役动词。
1.
常见的感官动词有see,
watch,
observe,
hear,
feel,
notice,
think等。如:
i
noticed
him
carried
away
by
the
police.
我看到他被警察带走了。
2.
常见的使役动词有have,
make,
get,
keep,
leave等。如:
we
had
the
machine
repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
【真题再现】
1.
mrs.
white
showed
her
students
some
old
maps
from
the
library.
(2010全国i).
a.
to
borrow
b.
to
be
borrowed
c.
borrowed
d.
borrowing
解析:c。
borrow和maps是被动关系,表示被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种:
to
be
done表示动作将要发生,being
done表示动作正在发生,done表示动作已经完成,根据句意borrow的动作已经完成,故选c。
2.
lucy
has
a
great
sense
of
humor
and
always
keeps
her
colleagues
with
her
stories.
(2010上海).
a.
amused
b.
amusing
c.
to
amuse
d.
to
be
amused
解析:a。过去分词amused
在句中作宾语补足语。
3.
ladies
and
gentlemen,
please
remain
until
the
plane
has
come
to
a
complete
stop.
(2009四川).
a.
seated
b.
seating
c.
to
seat
d.
seat
解析:a。本题考查过去分词作表语。
- 可可
-
思路分析]
动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
[解题过程]
过去分词的语法作用:
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1)
过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:
Don"t
touch
the
glass
because
it
is
broken.
不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He
is
quite
pleased
with
the
design
of
the
dress.
她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2)
过去分词做定语:
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The
excited
people
rushed
into
the
building.
激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We
need
more
qualified
teachers.
我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
Is
there
anything
planned
for
tomorrow?
明天有什么活动吗?
The
suggestion
made
by
the
foreign
expert
was
adopted
by
the
manager.
外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The
books,
written
by
Lu
Xun,
are
popular
with
many
Chinese
people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The
meeting,
attended
by
one
thousand
students,
was
a
success.
这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
3)
过去分词做状语:
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:
Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
the
city
looked
like
a
big
garden.
从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted
by
the
Party,
he
decided
to
devote
his
life
to
the
cause
of
the
Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Deeply
moved
by
the
story,
the
excited
people
stopped
quarrelling
with
each
other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encouraged
by
the
speech,
the
young
people
made
up
their
minds
to
take
up
the
struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:
Given
another
chance,
he
will
do
better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
Compared
with
your
brother,
you
should
make
greater
efforts
to
study
English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。
If
heated,
water
can
be
turned
into
steam.
水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:
Exhausted
by
the
running,
they
went
on
running
after
the
robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed
at
by
many
people,
he
continued
his
study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:
The
old
man
went
into
the
room,
supported
by
his
wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated
at
the
table,
my
father
and
I
were
talking
about
my
job.
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4)
过去分词作补足语:
过去分词可以在see,
hear,
notice,
watch,
find,
get,
have,
feel,
make,
leave,
keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:
When
will
you
go
to
the
hospital
and
have
your
tooth
examined?
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?
When
you
are
making
a
speech,
you
should
speak
louder
to
make
yourself
heard.
当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:
One
of
the
glasses
was
found
broken.
有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They
should
be
kept
informed
of
the
situation
there.
应该让他们知道那儿的形势
- 南yi
-
过去式:用于一般过去时,做谓语。
例:She
went
to
school
yesterday.
过去分词:
1).
用于完成时,与have和had分别构成现在完成(进行
时和过去完成(进行)时,做谓语。
例:She
has
gone
to
school.
2).
与be构成被动语态。
例:He
is
beaten
by
his
father.
3).
非谓语动词之一,表示被动,完成的意思,可作定语,表语,补语和状语。
例:The
boy
beaten
by
his
father
is
my
friend.
- CarieVinne
-
时间过期太长了,就是答了也不会有人知道吧
- Chen
-
“过去分词”用法
一、基本概念
1. 分词的定义
动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用:
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:
Don"t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2) 过去分词做定语:
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
3) 过去分词做状语:
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4) 过去分词作补足语:
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
二、特别提醒
1. 过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.
由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。
2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:
I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:
They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We won"t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:
①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:
He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中,他失去了一只眼睛。
3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:
the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 (表示将来的动作)
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 (表示正在进行的动作)
the bridge built 造好的桥 (表示完成的动作)
4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别:
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:
boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。