coco-
Pride and Prejudice is a novel of manners by Jane Austen, first published in 1813. The story follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of the British Regency. Elizabeth is the second of five daughters of a country gentleman living near the fictional town of Meryton in Hertfordshire, near London.
Set in England in the early 19th century, Pride and Prejudice tells the story of Mr and Mrs Bennet"s five unmarried daughters after the rich and eligible Mr Bingley and his status-conscious friend, Mr Darcy, have moved into their neighbourhood. While Bingley takes an immediate liking to the eldest Bennet daughter, Jane, Darcy has difficulty adapting to local society and repeatedly clashes with the second-eldest Bennet daughter, Elizabeth.
Though Austen set the story at the turn of the 19th century, it retains a fascination for modern readers, continuing near the top of lists of "most loved books." It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, selling over 20 million copies, and receives considerable attention from literary scholars. Modern interest in the book has resulted in a number of dramatic adaptations and an abundance of novels and stories imitating Austen"s memorable characters or themes
剧情梗概
The novel centres on Elizabeth Bennet, the second of the five daughters of a country gentleman. Elizabeth"s father, Mr Bennet, is a bookish man, and somewhat neglectful of his responsibilities. In contrast is Elizabeth"s mother, Mrs Bennet, a woman who lacks social graces, is primarily concerned with finding suitable husbands for her five daughters. Jane Bennet, the eldest daughter, is distinguished by her kindness and beauty; Elizabeth Bennet shares her father"s keen wit and occasionally sarcastic outlook; Mary is not pretty, but is studious, devout and musical albeit lacking in taste; Kitty, the fourth sister, follows where her younger sister leads, while Lydia is flirtatious and unrestrained.
The narrative opens with news in the Bennet family that Mr Bingley, a wealthy, charismatic and sociable young bachelor, is moving into Netherfield Park in the neighbourhood. Mr Bingley is soon well received, while his friend Mr Darcy makes a less favourable impression by appearing proud and condescending at a ball that they attend (he detests dancing and is not much for light conversation). Mr Bingley singles out Jane for particular attention, and it soon becomes apparent that they have formed an attachment to each other. While Jane does not alter her conduct for him, she confesses her great happiness only to Lizzie. By contrast, Darcy slights Elizabeth, who overhears and jokes about it despite feeling a budding resentment.
On paying a visit to Mr Bingley"s sister, Caroline, Jane is caught in a heavy downpour, catches cold, and is forced to stay at Netherfield for several days. Elizabeth arrives to nurse her sister and is thrown into frequent company with Mr Darcy, who begins to act less coldly towards her.
Mr Collins, a clergyman, and heir to Longbourn, the Bennet estate, pays a visit to the Bennets. Mr Bennet and Elizabeth are much amused by his obsequious veneration of his employer, the noble Lady Catherine de Bourgh, as well as by his self-important and pedantic nature. It soon becomes apparent that Mr Collins has come to Longbourn to choose a wife from among the Bennet sisters (his cousins) and Elizabeth is singled out. She instead forms an acquaintance with Mr Wickham, a militia officer who relates having been very seriously mistreated by Mr Darcy, despite having been a godson and favourite of Darcy"s father. This accusation and her attraction to Mr Wickham increase Elizabeth"s dislike of Mr Darcy.
At a ball given by Mr Bingley at Netherfield, Mr Darcy becomes aware of a general expectation that Mr Bingley and Jane will marry, and the Bennet family, with the exception of Jane and Elizabeth, make a public display of poor manners and decorum. The following morning, Mr Collins proposes marriage to Elizabeth, who refuses him, much to her mother"s distress. Mr Collins recovers and promptly becomes engaged to Elizabeth"s close friend Charlotte Lucas, a homely woman with few prospects. Mr Bingley abruptly quits Netherfield and returns to London, devastating Jane, and Elizabeth becomes convinced that Mr Darcy and Caroline Bingley have colluded to separate him from Jane.
Jane is persuaded by letters from Caroline Bingley that Mr Bingley is not in love with her, but goes on an extended visit to her aunt and uncle Gardiner in London in the hope of maintaining her relationship with Caroline if not with Charles Bingley. Whilst there she visits Caroline and eventually her visit is returned. She does not see Mr Bingley and is forced to realise that Caroline doesn"t care for her.
In the spring, Elizabeth visits Charlotte and Mr Collins in Kent. Elizabeth and her hosts are frequently invited to Rosings Park, home of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Darcy"s aunt; coincidentally, Darcy also arrives to visit. Elizabeth meets Darcy"s cousin, Colonel Fitzwilliam, who vouches for Darcy"s loyalty, using as an example how Darcy had recently stepped in on behalf of a friend, who had formed an attachment to a woman against whom "there were some very strong objections." Elizabeth rightly assumes that the said friend is none other than Mr Bingley, and her dislike of Darcy deepens. Thus she is of no mood to accept when Darcy arrives and, quite unexpectedly, confesses love for her and begs her hand in marriage. His proposal is flattering, he is a very distinguished man, but it is delivered in a manner ill suited to recommend it. He talks of love but also of revulsion at her inferior position and family. Despite assertions to the contrary, he assumes she will accept him. Elizabeth rebukes him, and a heated discussion follows; she charges him with destroying her sister"s and Bingley"s happiness, with treating Mr Wickham disgracefully, and with having conducted himself towards her in an arrogant, ungentleman-like manner. Mr Darcy, shocked, ultimately responds with a letter giving a good account of his actions: Wickham had exchanged his legacies for a cash payment, only to return after frittering away the money to reclaim the forfeited inheritance; he then attempted to elope with Darcy"s young sister Georgiana, and thereby secure her fortune for himself. Regarding Jane and Bingley, Darcy claims he had observed no reciprocal interest in Jane for Bingley, and had assumed that she was not in love with him. In addition to this, he cites the "want of propriety" in the behaviour of Mr and Mrs Bennet and her three younger daughters. Elizabeth, who had previously despaired over this very behavior, is forced to admit the truth of Mr Darcy"s observations, and begins to wonder whether she has misjudged him.
Some months later, Elizabeth and her aunt and uncle Gardiner visit Pemberley, Darcy"s estate, believing he will be absent for the day. He returns unexpectedly, and though surprised, he is gracious and welcoming. He treats the Gardiners with great civility, surprising Elizabeth who assumes he will "decamp immediately" on learning who they are. Darcy introduces Elizabeth to his sister, and Elizabeth begins to acknowledge her attraction to him. Their re-acquaintance is cut short, however, by the news that Lydia has eloped with Mr Wickham. Elizabeth and the Gardiners return to Longbourn (the Bennet family home), where Elizabeth grieves that her renewed acquaintance with Mr Darcy will end as a result of her sister"s disgrace.
Lydia and Wickham are soon found, and persuaded to marry thus enabling the Bennet family to preserve some appearance of decorum. Jane, Elizabeth and Mr Bennet realise that their Uncle Gardiner must have bribed Wickham to marry Lydia and are ashamed of their indebtedness and inability to repay him. Mrs Bennet, quite typically, has no such scruples and is ecstatic. Mr and Mrs Wickham visit Longbourn, where Lydia lets slip that Mr Darcy was in attendance at their wedding but that this was to have been a secret. Elizabeth is able to discover by letter from her aunt Mrs Gardiner, that in fact Mr Darcy was responsible for finding the couple and negotiating their marriage, at great personal and monetary expense. Elizabeth is shocked and flattered as "her heart did whisper that he had done it for her" but is unable to dwell further on the topic due to Mr Bingley"s return and subsequent proposal to Jane, who immediately accepts.
Lady Catherine de Bourgh pays an unexpected visit to Longbourn. She has heard a rumour that Elizabeth will marry Mr Darcy and attempts to persuade Elizabeth to agree not to marry. Lady Catherine wants Mr Darcy to marry her daughter (his cousin) Anne De Bourgh and thinks Elizabeth is beneath him. Elizabeth refuses her demands. Disgusted, Lady Catherine leaves, promising that the marriage can never take place. Elizabeth assumes she will apply to Darcy and is worried that he may be persuaded.
Darcy returns to Longbourn. Chance allows Elizabeth and Darcy a rare moment alone. She immediately thanks him for intervening in the case of Lydia and Wickham. He renews his proposal of marriage and is promptly accepted. Elizabeth soon learns that his hopes were revived by his aunt"s report of Elizabeth"s refusal to promise not to marry him.
The novel closes with a "happily-ever-after" chapter including a summary of the remaining lives of the main characters. There is no description of either Jane or Elizabeth"s wedding. None of the characters change very much in this summary, but Kitty has grown slightly more sensible from association with Jane and Elizabeth and distance from Lydia, and Lady Catherine condescends to visit the Darcys eventually.
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Chen-
《名人传》演讲稿
《名人传》由法国著名作家罗曼?罗兰的《贝多芬传》、《米开朗琪罗传》和《托尔斯泰传》组成，它们均创作于二十世纪初期，无论在当时是在后世都产生了广泛的影响。在这三部传记中，罗曼?罗兰没有拘泥于对传主的生平做琐屑的考述，也没有一般性地追溯他们的创作历程，而是紧紧把握住这三位拥有各自领域的艺术家的共同之处，着力刻画了他们为追求真善美而长期忍受苦难的心路历程。罗曼?罗兰称他们为“英雄”，以感人肺腑的笔墨，写出了他们与命运抗争的崇高勇气和担荷全人类苦难的伟大情怀，可以说是为我们谱写了另一阕“英雄交响曲”。
早在二十世纪三四十年代，《名人传》就由我国著名翻译家傅雷先生译成中文，一流的传主、一流的作者加上一流的译者，使这部作品很快即成为经典名著，时至今日仍深受广大读者的喜爱。二十世纪的前半期是人类历史上风云激荡也苦难深重的时期，罗曼?罗兰创作《名人传》，傅雷先生翻译《名人传》，都是有感而为，是要从这些伟人的生涯中汲取生存的力量和战斗的勇气。傅雷先生说，“在阴霾遮蔽了整个天空的时候”，他从《名人传》中得到的启示是：“惟有真实的苦难，才能驱除浪漫底克的幻想的苦难；惟有克服苦难的壮烈的悲剧，才能帮助我们担受残酷的命运；惟有抱着‘我不入地狱谁入地狱"的精神，才能挽救一个萎靡而自私的民族……”
那么，对于今天的读者来说，《名人传》又能给予我们什么呢？在一个物质生活极度丰富而精神生活相对贫弱的时代，在一个人们躲避崇高、告别崇高而自甘平庸的社会里，《名人传》给予我们的也许更多是尴尬，因为这些巨人的生涯就像一面明镜，使我们的卑劣与渺小纤毫毕现。我们宁愿去赞美他们的作品而不愿去感受他们人格的伟大。在《米开朗琪罗传》的结尾，罗曼?罗兰说，伟大的心魂有如崇山峻岭，“我不说普通的人类都能在高峰上生存。但一年一度他们应上去顶礼。在那里，他们可以变换一下肺中的呼吸，与脉管中的血流。在那里，他们将感到更迫近永恒。以后，他们再回到人生的广原，心中充满了日常战斗的勇气”。对于我们的时代，这实在是金石之言。
《名人传》非常好地印证了一句中国人的古训：古今之成大事业者，非惟有超世之才，亦必有坚韧不拔之志。贝多芬的“在伤心隐忍中找栖身”，米开朗琪罗的“愈受苦愈使我喜欢”，托尔斯泰的“我哭泣，我痛苦，我只是欲求真理”，无不表明伟大的人生就是一场无休无止的战斗。我们的时代千变万化，充满机遇，我们渴望成功，但我们却不想奋斗。我们要的是一夜成名。浮躁和急功近利或许会使我们取得昙花一现的成就，但绝不能让我们跻身人类中的不朽者之列。因此，读读《名人传》也许会让我们清醒一些。