- 马老四
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I know everything.
I know I love you.
嘿嘿,当剧中某美女跟约翰说这句话时是有潜台词的啊。
- meira
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----- I don"t think so.
权力的游戏里Jon Snow的身世是什么?母亲是谁
谁也不知道2023-07-25 21:52:147
Jon Snow的原型是谁?
来源:卫夕指北 ,作者卫夕本 文 约 6458 字阅 读 需 要17 min这是一个关于人类勇气和理性的传奇故事,而英雄的故事总是如此的相似。Jon Snow(琼恩·雪诺)在热门美剧《权力的游戏》中是一位带领守夜人大战异鬼大军的战士。而在19世纪的伦敦,同样也有一位如守夜人一般守护伦敦市民安全的John Snow(通常译为约翰·雪诺)。没错,名字只差一个字母。《权力的游戏》中的琼恩·雪诺《权游》作者马丁从未在任何公开场合坦露过琼恩·雪诺的原型就是现实中的约翰·雪诺,但他的故事精彩程度丝毫不比那位在北境长城大战异鬼的雪诺逊色。他在19世纪的伦敦以一己之力对抗那时的传染病夜王——霍乱,他用的不是瓦雷利亚钢制成的剑或者神奇的龙晶,而是调查和严密的逻辑。他孤身一人开启了医学史上“流行病学”这一学科,谱写了一首人类对抗传染病的勇气赞歌。约翰·雪诺医生01霍乱——那个时代的传染病之王霍乱是一种让当时的人们闻风丧胆的急性传染病,它和天花、鼠疫并列为人类三大烈性传染病,被称为“19世纪的世界病”。病菌在人体内每12分钟就会增加一倍,得了霍乱的人会在短时间内一直腹泻,腹泻到什么时候?一直到人数小时内迅速脱水死亡!霍乱患者的惨状霍乱最早发源于印度的恒河流域,大航海之后频繁的贸易把它带到了欧洲。在欧洲,霍乱有着更高的死亡率,英国第一波大规模爆发发生在1831年,造成数千人死亡,1849年再次爆发,两次爆发超过14,000人死亡。然而到了霍乱第三次在欧洲大规模爆发时,英国得到了很好的控制。要知道这次大爆发光在俄罗斯就造成了超过100万人的死亡,而英国仅仅死了不到1000人,那么英国人是靠什么战胜了这个传染病之王呢?这就要开始讲一讲我们今天的主人公约翰·雪诺的故事了——02约翰·雪诺——一个出身并不起眼的人约翰·雪诺于1813年出生在英国工业时代的重镇——约克,父亲是一名煤矿工人,通常出身在这样的家庭似乎注定了雪诺的一生会是平凡的一生。但他的父亲并不认命,决心改变孩子的命运,他节衣缩食坚持把雪诺送进了私立教会学校。19世纪的约克城1827年,14岁的雪诺被送到朗本顿市的外科医师哈德卡斯尔那里当学徒。18岁时,年轻的雪诺第一次目睹了恐怖的霍乱,作为医学学徒的他为当地霍乱中煤矿工人提供医疗帮助,毕竟,他的父亲也是一位煤矿工人,同情心激发了雪诺的使命感。23岁时,来自小地方、胸怀理想的年轻实习医生雪诺决定要去当时欧洲最大的城市——伦敦,他没有骑马,也没有坐车,而是独自徒步走了200英里来到了当时的伦敦。在伦敦,雪诺在Hunterian医学院和伦敦大学开始了他的正规医学教育,1837年,雪诺开始在威斯敏斯特医院工作。长期的实践经历和良好的医学素养让年轻的雪诺在麻醉领域表现突出,雪诺1838年被接纳为皇家外科医学院的成员,甚至他还为维多利亚女王第三个孩子分娩时进行过麻醉手术。雪诺从煤矿工人的儿子到成为给女王接生的知名医生,他用自己的勤奋以及专业完成了艰难的向上流动。然而雪诺对伦敦上流社会的诱惑毫无兴趣;他真正感兴趣的是那些悬而未决的问题。03那时的人类对霍乱一无所知人类的科技发展总是跳跃式的,仅仅在200多年前,人类其实对所有传染病的认知程度和2000年前的人类几乎没有什么进步——一无所知。对于霍乱这种烈性传染病,当时英国社会的主流观点是——霍乱是通过被污染的空气传染的。为什么这个观点深入人心呢?在回答这个问题之前,我们先来简单了解一下当时伦敦这个城市——伦敦是英国的中心,而维多利亚时代则是日不落帝国无限荣光的顶峰,工业革命随着各类蒸汽工厂的轰鸣声在急速改变这膨胀的帝国。人们开始向城市聚集,物质日益丰富,一个个传奇的财富故事在膨胀的民众中流传。19世纪的伦敦那时候的伦敦坐拥240万人,是当时欧洲最大的工业城市,也是世界上人口密度最大的城市,它的人口密度是今天孟买的三倍,彼时的伦敦并不像人们想象中的那样优雅、宁静、富足,城市的卫生状况极为堪忧——马车在肮脏的街道飞奔,马粪四处飞溅,用抽水马桶的人们把粪便通过露天简陋的下水道排入泰晤士河。整个城市臭气熏天、蚊虫漫天飞舞......牛棚、动物粪便、屠宰场、腐烂的味道充斥着大英帝国的雾都。伦敦的掏粪人“那是充满希望的春天,那是让人绝望的冬天”,狄更斯的小说中描绘了那个充满矛盾的时代......霍乱的确通常发生在卫生较差的区域,这些地方确实也臭气熏天,医学界在那时候一直认为霍乱是通过空气中的”瘴气”进行传播的。支持这个观点的人除了当时的主流医学界之外还包括《柳叶刀》编辑、现代护理学奠基人南丁格尔以及维多利亚女王等。尽管那时牛顿的力学理论早已在大众中启发了科学启蒙,但对于医学、生理学而言,19世纪中期还是蒙昧的年代。无知和霍乱同样可怕。04来自年轻医生雪诺的质疑年轻医生雪诺对于“霍乱是由空气传播”的理论有不同的看法,他认为霍乱应该是通过被污染的水进行传染的,他的这个想法最初源于一个朴素的判断——如果霍乱是通过空气进行传染的,那么发病的部位应该是肺部而不是肠道才对,他的经历能佐证他的判断——18岁的时候为治疗煤矿工人的霍乱曾很长时间活动在臭气熏天的矿井,但他自己却没有得病。当然,如果雪诺只是以这个理由去说服民众显然是行不通的;为什么?因为气味是一种直观的感受,闻过伦敦的恶臭的人们很难相信这些刺鼻的气味里没有问题。而水里的细菌是看不见的(细菌学在当时还没有被提出,显微镜尽管已经被发明,但还很粗糙,没能识别出水里的细菌);在分子层面,鼻子要比眼睛灵敏的多,腐烂物体会挥发出两种物质——尸氨和腐氨,只要几个分子进入鼻腔,人们就会感受到强烈的恶臭。没有直接的感知让人相信一件事情是困难的,比如今天的人们很容易接受戴口罩,但对于同样重要但无法直接感知的洗手很多人却并不重视,而老年人则是既不带口罩也不洗手。一个严谨的科学工作者是不会凭着朴素的判断而轻易下结论的,受过严谨医学训练的雪诺进行了相当细致的调查,他首先对伦敦进行了一项大规模的调查,发现了一个极具说服力的证据——伦敦的自来水是由两家公司所供应的,一家名为Lambeth,一家名为Southwark,在1849年8月的霍乱流行中,根据雪诺的统计,两家自来水公司居民的死亡率有着极大的差异——Southwark公司覆盖的居民死亡率为3.15%,Lambeth公司的死亡率为0.38%,二者几乎差了10倍之多,而死亡率高的Southwark公司在泰晤士河的下游,水被污染的可能性的确会更大一些。雪诺积累了很多类似的证据并加上了自己的分析,写成了《论霍乱传递模式研究》的论文,意在向人们证明霍乱是通过水污染而不是空气污染传播的,同时建议当局加强公共卫生管理,从这个意义上说,雪诺也算是伦敦霍乱的吹哨人。但由于当时空气污染的“瘴气”论过于根深蒂固,同时,雪诺的确没有发现更加直接的证据,因此他的理论在当时依然没有引起人们足够的重视,并不被主流医学界和当时的人们所接受。05魔鬼在跳舞:宽街霍乱爆发雪诺并不气馁,他本身是一名麻醉科医生,研究霍乱其实并不算他的主业,但他总是对这个盘旋在英国上空的幽灵有着宿命般的执着,他在等一个证明自己理论的机会。1854年8月31日,魔鬼再次降临——伦敦的苏豪(Soho)区的宽街附近爆发了霍乱,第一天就有56人死亡,第二天死亡人数猛增到143例,第三天178例......这个街区的人们无论贫富几乎都要失去一名成员,而有些家庭则是全家被霍乱夺命。短短几天大部分居民逃离了熟悉的家园,原本热闹的宽街变成了大型死亡现场,只有那些无力离开的人们留在了那里,恐怖在蔓延,绝望笼罩着街区。仅仅5天,超过500人因为霍乱导致的脱水而在挣扎中死去,恶魔在舞蹈.....雪诺当时在苏豪区开了一家诊所,他没有像其他富人一样逃离日日夜夜生活的家园,尽管他可以轻而易举地那样做,而是选择成为那个时代的逆行者,他是伦敦的守夜人,他决定和魔鬼正面对决。雪诺开始冒着极大的风险调查每一个街区的死亡案例,我们可以想象当时的场景——在空无一人瘟疫肆虐的伦敦街区,一位年轻的医生一家一家敲开可能躺满尸体的房门,详细询问他们的病情和日常活动情况,每一次敲门都是和死神的擦肩而过,惊心动魄。06死亡地图:和传染病直接对决在那个恐怖的9月,雪诺白天将生死置之度外详细地调查,晚上他在油灯下开始绘图,他想用更加直观的方式来向人们说明他的理论。他找到一幅伦敦的地图,把所有死亡病例详细地标注在地图上,他用黑色的小短横线代表死亡病例的数量。约翰·雪诺当时所画的死亡地图这张呕心沥血制作的地图详细地记录了死亡案例的在街道的位置以及数量,它后来被人们称之为著名的“死亡地图”。当所有的统计完成之后,雪诺进行了细致的分析,他发现大部分死亡病例都集中在伦敦宽街附近,而那里正好有一个免费的公共水泵,附近的众多街道的居民都在那里取水。离水泵230米内的街区总共死亡人数高达700人,雪诺怀疑那个水泵被污染了。因为显而易见的事实是——水泵周围死亡最多,而离水泵越远,死亡病例越少。死亡地图的中心地带,红框为水泵位置雪诺需要继续验证他的理论,他首先想到的是显微镜取样水进行观察,但结果并不如意,那时候的显微镜技术还很不成熟,除了在样水中观察到了一些白色絮状物之外他一无所获。虽然他怀疑这些白色絮状物有问题,但的确并没观察到真正的致病菌,这并不足以说服当时的人们。尽管雪诺绘制死亡地图已经很能说明一些问题,但有人质疑说,瘴气传播也能解释这张图——瘴气的中心区死亡多,离瘴气中心越远死亡越少。还有人说宽街水泵的水源比离这里不远的“小马尔堡街”水泵公认要干净得多,如果“水源论”没错的话,那小马尔堡街的水应该更加致命才对。雪诺继续像侦探一样调查附近居民的患病情况。这一次,他除了调查那些死亡病例的特征,也开始着手分析附近那些没有患病居民的特征,他发现了以下事实:1.离宽街仅180米的一家酿造麦芽啤酒的啤酒厂的工人在这次霍乱中全部没有染病,啤酒厂的老板哈金斯告诉雪诺,由于在啤酒工厂里啤酒是免费的,因此这些工人平时都不喝水而只喝啤酒;2.苏豪区离宽街不远的一个监狱有535名囚犯,也几乎没有霍乱病例,雪诺发现该监狱有自己的水井,同时也从大章克申水厂购买了大量的水,同样没有喝宽街水泵的水;3.雪诺发现了这次死亡案例中有两个离宽街非常遥远的Hampstead的霍乱死亡病例,是一位年长的寡妇和她的侄女,雪诺骑车找到了寡妇的儿子,经过询问,雪诺发现了一个惊人的事实——原来寡妇曾经住在宽街,她怀念那口井水的味道,以至于她会让仆人每天从宽街用推车给她打一大瓶水,她和她侄女的最后一瓶水都是疫情开始的8月31日从宽街水井罐装的。至此,真相终于在雪诺抽丝剥茧的调查中变得清晰——问题出在那个水泵,雪诺找到了给异鬼痛击的那块的龙晶,而整个过程如推理小说一般。1854年9月7日,雪诺向苏豪区当局报告了自己的研究,当局采纳了他的意见,在第二天取下了那个水泵的把手,关闭了那个水泵。奇迹发生了——此后伦敦地区的霍乱疫情便迅速消失。从8月31日第一例霍乱病例爆发到9月7日递交详细的调查报告,仅仅8天时间。07历史总有遗憾和曲折当然,现实的剧情总是要曲折复杂一些,尽管这次疫情被消灭,但人们像簇拥英雄一样给雪诺欢呼的场景并没有出现。伦敦的卫生状况并没有得到改善,甚至雪诺的水传播理论依然有人怀疑;在科学和愚昧的斗争中,理性并不是总能轻而易举地占上风。这时候,一位圣卢克教堂的牧师亨利·怀特黑德成为雪诺的忠实支持者,这在瘴气论占据主流的的教会中非常难得。他也生活在苏豪区,尽管他开始并不相信雪诺的理论,但他对雪诺的工作充满敬意,他利用自己在社区的影响力继续验证雪诺的研究。终于,经历了长达几个月的调查,怀特黑德采访到了一名在苏豪区宽街40号的一名叫路易斯的妇女。这名妇女的一个5个月大的女婴在爆发初期就死于腹泻,这位女婴的去世时间表明她是那波伦敦霍乱的第一个病例。亨利·怀特黑德妇女将洗过婴儿尿布的水倒进了宽街的一个污水池,而这个污水池离宽街的水泵对应的水井仅三英尺,人们挖掘之后发现这个污水池的池壁早已损坏,是这个污水池污染了水井。怀特黑德将他的发现以及对苏豪区卫生状况的调查写了一篇详尽的文章,发表在当时颇具影响力的杂志——《建设者》(The Builder)上。这时民众才真正相信了雪诺的霍乱水源传播的理论;大众读物上开始刊登关于霍乱源头的漫画。1856年,当布罗姆利的新霍乱爆发时,人们运用雪诺的理论进行了迅速的管控,有效阻止了疫情的大规模爆发,至此,雪诺的理论开始深入人心。伦敦政府也开始行动起来了——1859年,在雪诺调查宽街霍乱之后的第五年,伦敦开展了下大规模的下水道改造工程。这个由杰出工程师巴泽尔杰设计的工程历时6年完工,它是世界上第一套现代城市下水道系统,伦敦的污水与饮用水源彻底隔离,被排往泰晤士河出海口,最终汇入大西洋。1865年,法国微生物学家路易·巴斯德用著名的鹅颈瓶实验才证实了细菌的存在,形成了第一套细菌疾病理论。人类第一次认识了细菌这个物种。又过了18年,1883年,德国微生物学家罗伯特·科赫成功发现并分离了霍乱弧菌,完整彻底地证明了水中的霍乱弧菌是霍乱的真实元凶,1905年,他获得了诺贝尔奖医学奖。罗伯特·科赫至此,雪诺的理论最终大获全胜。然而,历史总是充满着遗憾——1858年6月10 日,雪诺锻炼时中风,六天后便与世长辞,年仅45岁,这距离他画那张著名的死亡地图仅仅过去四年。他并没有活到科赫在水中发现霍乱弧菌的那一天,也没有等到伦敦下水道工程动工的那一天。01约翰·雪诺的遗产雪诺无疑是伟大的。他1854年展开的这次宽街霍乱调查开启了近现代流行病大规模调查的先河,是这个领域开创性、里程碑的工作,在医学界雪诺被公认为“流行病学之父”。他所绘制的“死亡地图”也被后人工人为是“数据可视化”的开端,用简洁、直观的方式开启了那个时代的民智。北大可视化团队做的新型冠状病毒疫情可视化地图今天,在亚特兰大的美国疾病控制中心,当科学家们寻找有关流行病的简单答案时,他们有时还会互相问:“这次疫情中的水泵在哪里?”而在更广泛意义上,雪诺对宽街霍乱的研究也是人类城市发展史上的重要分水岭。自那以后,人类充分认识到了公共卫生对于城市基础设施建设的重要意义,清洁的水源和污水梳理系统纳入到了城市的规划议程,下水道成为“城市的良心”。现代伦敦的下水道系统许多年后的今天,当我们享受到大都市清洁的水源和成熟的污水处理系统依然要感谢一位叫雪诺的医生在100多年前出生入死的那次无畏调查.....在人类没有对烈性传染病进行有效控制之前,人类几千年的历史经历着宿命般的模式——“人口增长—传染病爆发—人口增长—传染病爆发”。在19世纪之前,人类单个城市的人口规模从来没有超过300万,而今天,日本的东京、印度的孟买早已朝3000万人的规模进发。人口接近3000万的超级大都市——东京雪诺的精神也鼓舞了后人,2010年10月,海地在地震之后霍乱爆发,法国的流行病学家Piarroux以人道主义的身份进入海地进行调查。法国流行病学家——Piarroux2016年出版的《致命河:霍乱和海地地震后的掩盖》一书详细描述了他对海地霍乱防治的调查与贡献。2017年4月,Piarroux被授予“法国骑士勋章”,从某种意义上,Piarroux就是今天的约翰·雪诺。霍乱并没有在地球上消失,人类也继续面临着更多新型传染病的威胁。09伦敦城不会忘记,人类不会忘记今天,如果你到伦敦的苏豪区旅行,依然能够在宽街和剑桥街的拐角处发现一家名叫“John Snow”的酒吧。而在酒吧的对面,一个孤零零的水泵模型安静的竖立在那里,那是伦敦人们纪念这位“伦敦守夜人”的丰碑。这个黑色水泵雕塑似乎在时刻提醒着未来的人们——不要忘记你所拥有的勇气和理性。伦敦苏豪区的John Snow酒吧和水泵雕塑雪诺一生没有结婚,无子嗣,他是一个严格的素食主义者;他甚至不喝酒,只喝煮沸蒸馏过的水。每当灾难肆掠的时候,人们总是会想起那些曾经为人类生命奋斗过的人所给予我们的勇气和智慧。约翰·雪诺墓2023-07-25 21:53:081
johnsnow是什么滑雪牌子简介
品牌就是JohnSnow。JohnSnow是天津美誉文化用品销售有限公司申请的品牌,主要经营滑雪服、雨衣、鞋袜等范围。2023-07-25 21:53:151
为什么那姑娘老老说“John Snow,you know nothing”
人叫jon snow,你们真行,都给改成john了。2023-07-25 21:53:233
johnsnow滑雪服怎么样
不错。John snow滑雪服性价比高,颜值在线,适合新手、初学者。John snow滑雪服是迈丹(MANAH)旗下的男女中长立领防水防风保暖透气的滑雪服滑雪装备。2023-07-25 21:53:371
形容johnsnow的品质
形容johnsnow的品质一生坚守克制的人。英国麻醉学家、流行病学家,被认为是麻醉医学和公共卫生医学的开拓者。首次提出预防霍乱的措施,对1854年伦敦西部西敏市苏活区霍乱爆发的研究被认为是流行病学研究的先驱。2023-07-25 21:53:521
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
你不知道下什么雪???2023-07-25 21:54:003
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
雪诺到底不知道些什么2023-07-25 21:54:098
以john snow,写一篇作文
Early life and education[edit] Snow was born 15 March 1813 in York, England. He was the first of nine children born to William and Frances Snow in their North Street home. His neighbourhood was one of the poorest in the city and was always in danger of flooding because of its proximity to the River Ouse. His father worked in the local coal yards, which were constantly replenished from the Yorkshire coalfields through the barges on the Ouse. Snow was baptised at the Anglican church of All Saints, North Street. All Saints, North Street Snow studied in York until the age of 14, when he was apprenticed to William Hardcastle, a surgeon in Newcastle upon Tyne. It was there, in 1831, that he first encountered cholera, which entered Newcastle via the seaport of Sunderland and decimated the town.[1] Between 1833 and 1836 Snow worked as an assistant to a colliery surgeon, first in Burnopfield, County Durham, and then in Pateley Bridge, North Yorkshire. In October 1836 he enrolled at the Hunterian school of medicine on Great Windmill Street, London.[2] Career[edit] In 1837 Snow began working at the Westminster Hospital. Admitted as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 2 May 1838, he graduated from the University of London in December 1844 and was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1850. In 1850 he was also one of the founding members of the Epidemiological Society of London, formed in response to the cholera outbreak of 1849.[3] In 1857 Snow made an early and often overlooked[4] contribution to epidemiology in a pamphlet, On the adulteration of bread as a cause of rickets.[5] Anaesthesia[edit] Snow was one of the first physicians to study and calculate dosages for the use of ether and chloroform as surgical anaesthetics, allowing patients to undergo surgical and obstetric procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. He designed the apparatus to safely administer ether to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform.[6] He personally administered chloroform to Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the last two of her nine children, Leopold in 1853 and Beatrice in 1857,[7] leading to wider public acceptance of obstetric anaesthesia. Snow published an article on ether in 1847 entitled On the Inhalation of the Vapor of Ether. A longer version entitled On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics and Their Action and Administration was published posthumously in 1858. Cholera[edit] Main article: 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak Original map by John Snow showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854, drawn and lithographed by Charles Cheffins. Snow was a sceptic of the then-dominant miasma theory that stated that diseases such as cholera and bubonic plague were caused by pollution or a noxious form of "bad air". The germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so Snow did not understand the mechanism by which the disease was transmitted. His observation of the evidence led him to discount the theory of foul air. He first publicised his theory in an 1849 essay, On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, followed by a more detailed treatise in 1855 incorporating the results of his investigation of the role of the water supply in the Soho epidemic of 1854.[8] By talking to local residents (with the help of Reverend Henry Whitehead), he identified the source of the outbreak as the public water pump on Broad Street (now Broadwick Street). Although Snow"s chemical and microscope examination of a water sample from the Broad Street pump did not conclusively prove its danger, his studies of the pattern of the disease were convincing enough to persuade the local council to disable the well pump by removing its handle. This action has been commonly credited as ending the outbreak, but Snow observed that the epidemic may have already been in rapid decline: There is no doubt that the mortality was much diminished, as I said before, by the flight of the population, which commenced soon after the outbreak; but the attacks had so far diminished before the use of the water was stopped, that it is impossible to decide whether the well still contained the cholera poison in an active state, or whether, from some cause, the water had become free from it. John Snow memorial and public house on Broadwick Street, Soho Snow later used a dot map to illustrate the cluster of cholera cases around the pump. He also used statistics to illustrate the connection between the quality of the water source and cholera cases. He showed that the Southwark and Vauxhall Waterworks Company was taking water from sewage-polluted sections of the Thames and delivering the water to homes, leading to an increased incidence of cholera. Snow"s study was a major event in the history of public health and geography. It is regarded as the founding event of the science of epidemiology. Snow wrote: On proceeding to the spot, I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the [Broad Street] pump. There were only ten deaths in houses situated decidedly nearer to another street-pump. In five of these cases the families of the deceased persons informed me that they always sent to the pump in Broad Street, as they preferred the water to that of the pumps which were nearer. In three other cases, the deceased were children who went to school near the pump in Broad Street... With regard to the deaths occurring in the locality belonging to the pump, there were 61 instances in which I was informed that the deceased persons used to drink the pump water from Broad Street, either constantly or occasionally... The result of the inquiry, then, is, that there has been no particular outbreak or prevalence of cholera in this part of London except among the persons who were in the habit of drinking the water of the above-mentioned pump well. I had an interview with the Board of Guardians of St James"s parish, on the evening of the 7th inst [7 September], and represented the above circumstances to them. In consequence of what I said, the handle of the pump was removed on the following day. —John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette Researchers later discovered that this public well had been dug only three feet from an old cesspit, which had begun to leak fecal bacteria. The nappies of a baby, who had contracted cholera from another source, had been washed into this cesspit. Its opening was originally under a nearby house, which had been rebuilt farther away after a fire. The city had widened the street and the cesspit was lost. It was common at the time to have a cesspit under most homes. Most families tried to have their raw sewage collected and dumped in the Thames to prevent their cesspit from filling faster than the sewage could decompose into the soil. Map of cholera outbreak in London Legend for the map above It should be noted that Thomas Shapter had conducted similar studies and used a point based map for the study of cholera in Exeter, Devon years before John Snow.[9] Political controversy[edit] After the cholera epidemic had subsided, government officials replaced the Broad Street Pump Handle. They had responded only to the urgent threat posed to the population, and afterward they rejected Snow"s theory. To accept his proposal would have meant indirectly accepting the oral-fecal method transmission of disease, which was too unpleasant for most of the public to contemplate.[10] Public health officials recognise the political struggles in which reformers have often become entangled.[11] During the Annual Pumphandle Lecture in England, members of the John Snow Society remove and replace a pump handle to symbolise the continuing challenges for advances in public health.[12] Later life[edit] In 1830 Snow became a member of the Temperance Movement, and lived for a decade or so as a vegetarian and teetotaler. In the mid-1840s his health deteriorated, and he returned to meat-eating and drinking wine. He continued drinking pure water (via boiling) throughout his adult life. He never married.[13] Snow lived at 18 Sackville Street, London, from 1852 to his death in 1858.[14] Snow suffered a stroke while working in his London office on 10 June 1858. He was 45 years old at the time.[15] He never recovered, dying on 16 June 1858. He was buried in Brompton Cemetery.[16] Legacy and honours[edit] Funerary monument, Brompton Cemetery, London A plaque commemorates Snow and his 1854 study in the place of the water pump on Broad Street (now Broadwick Street). It shows a water pump with its handle removed. The spot where the pump stood is covered with red granite. A public house nearby was named "The John Snow" in his honour. The John Snow Society is named in his honour, and the society regularly meets at The John Snow pub. An annual Pumphandle Lecture is delivered each September by a leading authority in contemporary public health. His grave in Brompton Cemetery, London, is marked by a funerary monument. In York a blue plaque on the west end of the Park Inn, a hotel in North Street, commemorates John Snow. Snow was named as one of the heraldic supporters of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland awards The John Snow Award, a bursary for undergraduate medical students undertaking research in the field of anaesthesia. In 1978 a public health research and consulting firm, John Snow Inc (JSI), was founded.[17] In 2001 the John Snow College was founded on the University of Durham"s Queen"s Campus in Stockton-on-Tees. In 2013 The Lancet printed a correction of its brief obituary of Snow, originally published in 1858: "The journal accepts that some readers may wrongly have inferred that The Lancet failed to recognise Dr Snow"s remarkable achievements in the field of epidemiology and, in particular, his visionary work in deducing the mode of transmission of epidemic cholera."2023-07-25 21:54:311
john snow defeats king chlera英文概括
John Snow was a famous physician. Seeing many people died of cholera, he decided to help them. Cholera was a deadly disease of its day. Nobody knew how this happened and how to treat it. John Snow spent a lot of time trying to find its cause and its cure. When another outbreak hit London in 1854, he collected information about cholera. He found out that most of those who died of cholera lived near a water pump. He suspected that the water was polluted. He told people not to drink the water any more. One woman who wouldn"t listen to him soon died of cholera. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined and no polluted water be drunk by people . In this way cholera was defeated in the end.2023-07-25 21:54:501
Johnsnow标点地图法存在的问题
是一项基础研究方法,不能提供更多信息。经典理由:1.运用数据可视化解决当时医疗水平无法解决的霍乱问题;2.制图简单,划线代表死亡人数,累计标注;3.选用图表正确,使用地图,而非其他图表。"霍乱流行图"的绘制是约翰·斯诺(JohnSnow,1813—1858),通过调查证明霍乱经患者粪便污染的水传播,采取的标点地图法,后来成为流行病学一项基本研究方法。2023-07-25 21:55:061
简单的概括JohnSnowDefeats"KingCholera"的大意
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生,他是一位非常专业的医生,他以维多利亚女王的私人医生的身份来到这里。但当他想到要帮助那些接触霍乱的普通人时,他受到了鼓舞。这是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的原因,也不知道它的治疗方法。每次爆发都有成千上万的人死亡。约翰·斯诺想要面对挑战并解决这个问题。他知道,霍乱在找到病因之前是无法控制的。他开始对两种可能解释的理论感兴趣霍乱如何导致死亡。第一个理论认为霍乱在空气中繁殖。一团危险的气体漂浮在周围,直到找到受害者。第二种观点认为,人们在吃饭时把这种疾病吸收进身体。这种疾病从胃里很快就袭击了身体,很快受感染的人就死了。约翰·斯诺怀疑第二种理论是正确的,但他需要证据。因此,当1854年伦敦再次爆发疫情时,他准备开始调查。随着疾病在贫困地区迅速传播,他开始收集信息。在两条特定的街道上,霍乱的爆发非常严重,在十天内超过500人死亡。他决心找出原因。首先,他在地图上标出了所有死人居住的确切地点。这给了他一条关于这种疾病起因的有价值的线索。许多死亡发生在布罗德街(BroadStreet)的水泵附近(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号)。他还注意到一些房屋(如宽街20号和21号,坎布里奇街8号和9号)没有死亡。他没有预见到这一点,所以他做了进一步的调查。他发现这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒,所以没有喝水泵里的水。看来是水的问题。接下来,约翰·斯诺查看了这两条街道的水源。他发现它来自被伦敦的脏水污染的那条河。他立即告诉宽街上那些吃惊的人,把水泵的把手从水泵上取下来,这样水泵就不能用了。没过多久,病情就减缓了。他证明了霍乱是由细菌传播的,而不是在一团气体中传播的。在伦敦的另一个地方,他发现了另外两起死亡事件的证据,这两起死亡事件与布洛德街(BroadStreet)的爆发有关。一个女人从宽阔的大街搬来,她非常喜欢水泵里的水,每天都把水送到家里。她和女儿都是在喝了水之后死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据,约翰·斯诺就可以肯定地宣布,被污染的水携带了这种病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生,约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。自来水公司接到指示,不再让人们接触受污染的水。最终,“霍乱王”被击败。扩展资料:斯诺1813年3月15日生于英国约克,1858年6月16日卒于伦敦。1827年当外科医生的学徒。1836年起,在伦敦威斯敏斯特医院学习。1843年获伦敦大学学士学位,次年获博士学位。曾为维多利亚女王的私人医生。1846年,乙醚作为一种麻醉剂引入时,他立刻进行实验并基于生理原理为这种药物的临床使用发明了相应的装置,临床演示成功后得到推广应用。他成为英国最早的麻醉师。1847年J.Y.辛普森建议应用氯仿作为麻醉药后,斯诺为其使用研制了新设备。斯诺从1831年从事医学活动起就注意对霍乱的调查研究。1854年,伦敦霍乱流行。当时,许多医生相信霍乱和天花是由“瘴气”或从污水及其他不卫生的东西中产生的有害物所引起的。而斯诺通过调查证明霍乱由被粪便污染的水传播,他认为霍乱是由一种能繁殖的由水传播的活细胞所致。他提供了一份流行病学文件,证明了霍乱的流行来源于百老大街(BroadStreet)的水泵。他推荐几种实用的预防措施,如清洗肮脏的衣被,洗手和将水烧开饮用等,效果良好。2023-07-25 21:55:131
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
意思为“你什么都不懂,雪诺。"出自《冰与火之歌》,她这么说应该是因为雪诺为了守夜人的大义,放弃了与雪吻的儿女情,不明白他这样伤雪吻有多深,爱有多深,恨就有多深。2023-07-25 21:55:213
如何评价《冰与火之歌》第六季John Snow的复活
jon snow的复活是必然的,不谈该角色在观影粉丝中的爆棚人气,电视剧中也多次用镜头剪辑的方式暗示了雪诺的真正身份,而且整部剧主要讲龙母与雪诺两条线,作为双核之一不可能被砍,布兰(Bran)在穿越回过去时看到的奈德的记忆。当时奈德正在一路杀向欢乐塔(the Tower of Joy)营救莱安娜,遇到了剑士亚瑟·戴恩(Arthur Dayne)的阻挠。为什么亚瑟要保护莱安娜?因为莱安娜怀了雷加的孩子,这个孩子才是铁王座的正统继承者,也是威胁劳勃·拜拉席恩(Robert Baratheon)统治的隐患。奈德不忍心杀害自己的外甥,尽管他身上有着坦格利安血统。所以他谎称他是自己的私生子,也就是雪诺。雪诺未来很有可能驯服龙,坐上铁王座,甚至拯救世界。http://www.bilibili.com/video/av5218011/2023-07-25 21:55:281
如何评价《冰与火之歌》第六季John Snow的复活
我看权力的游戏,琼恩雪诺和洋葱骑士都是我非常敬佩的人,我也很喜欢梅姨这个角色。而且作为一个有魔法的世界,复活这样的剧情我也能接受。但是关于他复活后的剧情,还是有点疑问的。最让我感觉莫名其妙的,就是他复活之后,就好像死而复生这件事从来没发生过一样。我以为起码会像史坦尼斯那样,在梅姨的运作下把他包装成天选之人,然后被野人和北境部分家族尊为神或者新王。可是结果呢,他现在就像一个普通的守夜人司令,一个普通的史塔克私生子一样,游说,备战,联合各方力量。我不是说他可以不做这些事情,但是我觉得他死而复生的故事虽然不能为他们赢得一切,但那确实可以作为他们手中很好的一张牌啊。可是剧里边雪诺,洋葱骑士,梅姨,每一个人想着去用这张牌,惜哉。ps:洋葱骑士吐槽梅姨效忠琼恩雪诺的时候,我以为他有别的打算呢。梅姨至少解释了一下她为啥效忠雪诺了,谁想到洋葱骑士连说都没说,直接就跟着雪诺干了,简直嘴上说不要,身体很诚实,哈哈哈~雪诺会复活刀才会捅在身上,不然就像魔山对付红毒蛇那样,守夜人的汉子们用大锤直接爆头就好了。人倘若身世有问题,最后一定要浓墨重彩地揭开,而“身世”的关键,一定是“谁是我的父亲”,而不是“谁是我的母亲”,雪诺看起来是母亲不明,其实是为父亲身世不明做掩护。在这类作品中,身世揭开之前,自觉或者不自觉的寻找爸爸,会是这部作品的一条主线。在找到爸爸之前,几个主线人物无一死亡,没有一个主角会在身世不明的时候死掉。这也是为什么雪诺根本不会死,马丁前面已经对雪诺的身世做了太多的铺垫,雪诺一直在寻找父亲,而艾德·史塔克不是他的父亲。“你是奈德·史塔克的私生子吧?”琼恩只觉得一股寒意刺进全身,他抿紧嘴唇,没有答话。“我冒犯到你了吗?”兰尼斯特忙道,“抱歉,侏儒向来不太懂得察言观色。反正历来杂耍卖艺的侏儒前辈们个个衣着随便,口无遮拦,我也就有样学样啦。”他嘿嘿笑着,“不过你确实是个私生子。”“艾德·史塔克大人是我父亲没错。”琼恩终于还是承认了。一般的人往往会认为,“私生子”是刺痛雪诺的那个词,其实这句话暗含深意,真正刺痛雪诺的是那个名字。结果他接话的方式,不是承认私生子,而是承认“艾德·史塔克”是他的父亲。另一个暗示是发现小狼的时候:“史塔克大人,”琼恩说。听他如此正式地称呼自己父亲,实在很怪。布兰抱着最后一丝希望看着他。“总共有五只小狼,”他告诉父亲,“三只公的,两只母的。”“琼恩,这有什么意义吗?”“您有五个孩子,”琼恩回答,“三个儿子,两个女儿。冰原狼又是你们的家徽,大人,您的孩子们注定要拥有这些小狼。”注意哦,很多人会觉得他有一种私生子的智慧,故意撇清自己和史塔克们,其实这是一个暗示,他确实不该姓史塔克。“在那里。”琼恩道,他掉转马头,急驰过桥,大家看着他在母狼尸体旁下马,屈膝跪下,一会儿过后又骑马归来,满面笑容。“这只一定是先爬开了。”琼恩说。“或是被赶开的。”他们的父亲看着第六只小狼说。它毛色净白,其他的小狼则多半灰黑,它的眼瞳红如早上死囚的鲜血。布兰很觉好奇,不知为何其他小狼连眼睛都还没睁开,惟独它双目炯炯有神。“白子,”席恩·葛雷乔伊话里有种兴味十足的讥讽,“只怕这只会死得最快。”琼恩·雪诺给了他父亲的养子一个意味深长的冷绝凝视,“葛雷乔伊,我可不这么认为。”他答道,“因为这是我的狼。”和对白灵的预言一样:琼恩最先离开家。他和其他的史塔克血统不一样,但仍然是狼。他成长得最早,眼光囧囧有神(囧雪诺)。他不会死得最快。红眼睛代表着他可能会成为不同的东西。算上葛雷乔伊,史塔克家养大了七个孩子,但是雪诺和奈德的关系很奇怪,他们不亲密,很像那种革命战争片里“战友的孩子”或者“爸爸消灭了一个反动派军官,把他的媳妇娶了,养大了他的儿子”的那种俗套。大多数人认为雪诺和奈德的关系不够亲密是凯特琳(猫姨)的嫉妒心,确实有一些描写,但是能一起相处十几年,猫姨再嫉妒也有限。大家族里的主妇又不自己做饭洗衣服,猫姨最多言语上来点冷暴力。其实不亲近,还是因为艾德自己对这个私生子有疑问。这个孩子的父亲另有其人,而大家猜得最多的是雷加王子,雪诺是雷加和莱安娜的儿子,换句话说,艾德是他的亲舅舅,猫姨不过是个有点讨厌的舅妈。在劳勃国王和奈德的对话里,提到过私生子琼恩的事。“你小子从来也没年轻过,”劳勃咕哝,“也罢。不过有那么一回……你那小妞儿叫什么来着?蓓卡?不对,她是我的,老天保佑她,那头黑亮秀发和甜美的大眼睛,一不小心就教人难以自拔。你那个叫……雅莉娜?你跟我提过一次,还是叫梅莉儿?你知道我说的哪一个吧?就你私生子的娘。”“她叫薇拉。”奈德有礼却冷冷说,“我不想谈她。”“对,就叫薇拉。”劳勃嘿嘿直笑,“能让艾德·史塔克公爵暂时忘却荣誉,即使只是短短一个小时,她一定不是个简单的姑娘。你倒是一直没告诉我她生什么模样……?”这一段很值得拆解一下,在去君临的途中,艾德遇到了劳勃提起琼恩的娘,他充满了好奇心。如果真的琼恩只是艾德的儿子,那很简单,直接顺口搭音,说希望国王收他做侍从就可以了。国王有权把一个雪诺变成一个波顿,或者一个史塔克。同样,国王身边也需要可靠的人,他的御林铁卫要么是坦格利安家的旧臣,要么是笨人,要么就是老婆的娘家人,琼恩十四岁,这个名字是他们共同的老师和养父的名字,艾德对琼恩的期待很高,如果张口让琼恩跟国王当侍从,请巴利斯坦当导师,雪诺前程远大。确实这个时候雪诺已经决定去长城,但是一只乌鸦,把北上的囧追回来就可以了。冰与火是个少年得志的世界,詹姆十七岁就做了御林铁卫,让史塔克的儿子对抗兰尼斯特,再合适也没有了。但是艾德不愿意带琼恩南下,他对猫姨的说法是,私生子的姓氏会让他受到排挤(去长城不受排挤吗),其实艾德心中恐惧,担心国王多事会查出真相,如果劳勃发现莱安娜和雷加有个儿子,一定会一锤锤死囧雪诺的。所以艾德把私生子安排在厅堂的远处,远离国王。接待国王的时候,囧雪诺这时也在寻找精神上的父亲,也就是主公,他见到劳勃国王的时候,心生厌恶:接着是国王本人,他挽着史塔克夫人的手走了进来。琼恩见到国王,只觉大失所望。父亲常说起那个天下无双的勇士劳勃·拜拉席恩,三叉戟河的恶魔,全国最骁勇善战的武士,在王公贵族间卓然不群。可在琼恩眼里,他不过是个红脸长须,汗流浃背的胖子,走起路来一副耽溺杯中物的模样。其实开始很多人和囧雪诺的看法一致,但是后来才发现其实劳勃比艾德聪明,而兰尼斯特没有反心,是小指头的阴谋和莱莎的愚蠢和狠毒,艾德对劳勃的不信任(发现所谓真相之后他不去跟劳勃认真探讨此事,其实劳勃胖而且醉,但不蠢)才害得狮子和狼兵戎相见(莱莎不下药,布兰都不可能被推下去)。但是琼恩天生不喜欢国王,也难怪,因为他其实是囧雪诺的杀父仇人。对国王失望之后,雪诺很快决定去长城,他的父亲和主公,成了那首古老的守夜人誓言:长夜将至,我从今开始守望,至死方休。Night gathers, and now my watch begins, It shall not end until my death.我将不娶妻、不封地、不生子。I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children. 我将不戴宝冠,不争荣宠。I shall wear no crowns and win no glory. 我将尽忠职守,生死於斯。I shall live and die at my post.我是黑暗中的利剑,长城中的守卫。I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls. 我是抵御寒冷的烈焰,破晓时分的光线,唤醒死者的号角,守护王国的铁卫。I am the fire that burns against the cold, the light that brings the dawn, the horn that wakes the sleepers, the shield that guards the realms of men. 我将生命与荣耀献给守夜人,I pledge my life and honor to the Night"s Watch,今夜如此,夜夜皆然。for this night and all the nights to come.此后的囧雪诺成了一个没有爹的孩子,此前猫姨只是恶毒地攻击他是一个没有娘的野种。尽管很快罗柏他们也失去了父亲,但雪诺走上自立之路早得多,此后他也遇到几个让他心动的长者:熊老,莫尔蒙司令,被叛乱的黑衣人杀死。伊蒙学士,太老而且难以行动了。科林,让雪诺杀死自己假投降。曼斯·雷德 野人之王。当然还有失踪了的二叔(二舅)班扬。还有小说里存在,但是在电视剧里没有戏份的铁匠师傅,在小说里,教育雪诺要帮战友的话,是铁匠师傅说的,而不是提利昂。几个长者一起成就了雪诺,但是他们都有自己的缺陷,他们都无法成为雪诺精神上的父亲,另一个国王也不能。史坦尼斯一出现就一直努力收服雪诺,一脸“我是你爸老战友”的嘴脸,但是雪诺一直在跟他做生意,用曼斯雷德来制衡他。临冬城沦陷、史坦尼斯带着队伍困在了暴风雪里之后。雪诺决定南下,打破守夜人的誓言。可能很多人会觉得雪诺很作死,其实不是的,经历了这么多之后,雪诺是个活明白了的人,明白的人不给自己设限。所谓的守夜人不介入内战誓言,无非是当年实力不足的一种策略,在今天则是避免和史坦尼斯一起战败的一种说辞。其实北地空虚,而且人心向狼,雪诺是该动手就动手,这点上,雪诺比他舅舅艾德强太多了。我们前面说过了,雪诺选择了以誓言为君父的生活,背叛誓言,是一种弑父的行为,而弑父往往是少年英雄的一种伟大的成长。但这也激怒了守夜人们,他们刺杀了雪诺。黑衣人兄弟冲上来用刀捅囧雪诺的时候,很多人会想起恺撒被刺杀,尤其是那个小孩子事务官也加入,很容易想到“还有你,布鲁塔斯?我的孩子。”恺撒击碎不能维持下去的共和,被人刺杀,但帝制的洪流是没法抵挡的。所以雪诺被杀死之后,一定会有人让他活过来,而且活过来之后,他的誓言也已经解脱了。红女巫对雪诺有意思,相信大家都看得出来,和劳勃的私生子、青涩的大牛詹德利相比,雪诺是已经用酱料腌好的小鲜肉。史坦尼斯不过是变质的腊肉罢了。誓言有两种方式解脱,一种是死一次(至死方休),另一种是史坦尼斯要求的,你来求我,你就变成了史塔克),他选择了惨烈的那一种,因为马丁不会再让任何人当囧雪诺的主公了。而囧雪诺的各位粉丝们,你们应该欣喜的是,死里复活的囧雪诺从此将会摆脱黑衣人的束缚,我们看看守夜人的誓言全都否定之后是什么局面我将娶妻、封地、生子。I shall take wife, hold lands, father children. 我将戴宝冠,争荣宠。I shall wear crowns and win glory.此文转载自一个公众号,为了方便阅读做了删减,作者写下这个文章的时间是2015年7月2023-07-25 21:55:351
大家怎么看《权利游戏》第五季John snow最后死了?
被红袍女复活了2023-07-25 21:55:432
John snow在伦敦宽街霍乱流行中是采用什么方法找到病因线索的?
在伦敦的霍乱中采用什么方法找到病源?那么说他们找的科学的办法2023-07-25 21:56:139
英语作文 john snow 50字
Now, it"s winter that I like most. In my city, it often snows in winter. Last night, the first snow of this winter came. It was heavy. This morning, when I opened the curtains of my room, my eyes were full filled with white. It was so amazing and I miss this beautiful scenery a lot. I put on warm cloth and go to school happily, because it"s play time for me and my classmates. We can play many interesting games with snow.2023-07-25 21:56:451
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”一文主要内容的概括
约翰斯诺原来是女王的保健医生,后来他决心为平民看病。在霍乱流行的时候,他发现霍乱的流行源头在于水源,这一发现有效遏制了霍乱的爆发,他从而获得大家的尊重。2023-07-25 21:57:044
找篇文章翻译john snow defeats "king cholera" !
约翰斯诺是伦敦的一位很有名的医生。他是个中专家,以至于成为了伊丽莎白女王的私人医护。但是当他想到帮助患上霍乱的平常人时他受到了启发。霍乱是那个年代致命的疾病。治病的原因和治疗的方法都为为人所知。每一次爆发成千上万可怜的人都死去了。约翰斯诺想要面对这一个挑战以及解决这一个问题。他明白无法找到治病的根源就无法控制霍乱。他开始对两种可能解释霍乱如何杀死人的理论感到兴趣。 第一种理论认为霍乱在空气中量化,变成一团危险的气体浮在空气中直到有人受感染。第二种理论认为人们吃饭的时候将这种疾病吸入体内。在胃里疾病迅速攻击身体,很快被感染的人就死了。 约翰斯诺怀疑第二种理论是正确的但是他需要证据。所以当1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱的时候,他准备开始他的调查。由于疾病迅速的在贫穷区散开,他开始在两条街上收集咨询。霍乱爆发是如此的严重以至于10天内500人死亡。他下定决定要找到原因。 最初他在地图上将所有死亡的人所居住的地方的确切位置标志了出来。这给了他宝贵的线索去寻找疾病的原因。大部分的死亡都发生在"宽阔大街"的自来水管附近(特别是16,37,38 和40号)。他也注意到有些房子(例如是宽阔大街20 和21号,剑桥大街8和9号)并没有发生死亡。他没有预料到这一点,所以他做了进一步的调查。他发现住在剑桥大街7号的人们在酒吧里工作。他们可以有免费的啤酒所以并没有从自来水管里喝水。似乎自来水是疾病的源头。接下来,约翰斯诺寻找了这两条大街的水源。他发现自来水来自一条被伦敦的脏水所污染的河流。他立即让宽阔大街上吃惊的人们将开关从水管上移走。很快疾病的传播慢了下来。他显示了霍乱是透过细菌而不是空气传播的。 在伦敦的另一部分,他从另外两宗和宽阔大街爆发有关的死亡中发现了支持证据。一个从宽阔大街搬走的女人因为喜欢宽阔大街的水所以每天从宽阔大街的自来水管中取水。她和她的女儿在饮用自来水之后死于霍乱。有了这一个额外的证据约翰斯诺可以肯定的宣布受污染的水带有病毒。 为了防止疾病再次爆发,约翰斯诺建议应当检查所有自来水的来源。自来水公司不可以让人们饮用来自守污染的河里的水。最后"霍乱王"被打败了。2023-07-25 21:57:261
高二英语必修5 unit 1 john snow defeats king cholera翻译
John snow defeats “king cholera”John snow was a famous doctor in london-so expert,indeed,that he attended queen victora as her personal physician.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.this was the deadly disease of its day.neither its cause nor its cure was understood.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem .he knew that cholera would never be co ntrolled until its cause was found.约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰 学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people.the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim.the second suggested that people absorbed these disease intotheir bodies with their meals.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,从胃里,这病毒很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.John snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.so when another outbreak hit london in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquire.as the disease quickly spread through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.he was determined to find out why.约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the died people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street.he also noticed that some houses had had no death.he had not foreseen this ,so he made further investigations,he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street .they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the punp.it seemed that the water was to blame.首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.Next,john snow look into the source of the water for these two streets.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.soon afterwords the disease slowed down.he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体.In another part of london,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. A woman,whohad moved away from broad street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house everyday. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinkingthe water.with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.在伦敦的其他部分,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒.To prevent this from happening again,john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined . the water companies were instructed not expose people to polluted water any more . finally “king cholera”was defeated.为了阻止霍乱的再次发生,约翰 雪建议所有的供水源头都应该被检查,卖水公司被命令不许再把人们暴露在污染的水之下,最终,”霍乱王”被击败了.2023-07-25 21:57:361
john snow defeats king cholera翻译
John snow defeats “king cholera”John snow was a famous doctor in london-so expert,indeed,that he attended queen victora as her personal physician.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.this was the deadly disease of its day.neither its cause nor its cure was understood.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem .he knew that cholera would never be co ntrolled until its? cause was found.约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论%这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people.the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim.the second suggested that people absorbed these disease intotheir bodies with their meals.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,从胃里,这病毒很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.John snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.so when another outbreak hit london in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquire.as the disease quickly spread through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.he was determined to find out why.约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the died people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street.he also noticed that some houses had had no death.he had not foreseen this ,so he made further investigations,he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street .they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the punp.it seemed that the water was to blame.首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.Next,john snow look into the source of the water for these two streets.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.soon afterwords the disease slowed down.he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体.In another part of london,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. A woman,whohad moved away from broad street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house everyday. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinkingthe water.with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.在伦敦的其他地区,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒.To prevent this from happening again,john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined . the water companies were instructed not expose people to polluted water any more . finally “king cholera”was defeated.为了阻止霍乱的再次发生,约翰 雪建议所有的供水源头都应该被检查,卖水公司被命令不许再把人们暴露在污染的水之下,最终,”霍乱王”被击败了.2023-07-25 21:57:442
在权力的游戏第6集开始时是谁救了JOHN snow
第六季吗?雪诺复活的那段?红袍女吧,梅姨救的,光之王给她的使命。2023-07-25 21:57:582
课文 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOKERA"中文翻译
约翰.斯诺战胜了霍乱王2023-07-25 21:58:162
JOHN SNow的剑为什么能杀死异鬼
琼恩·雪诺的剑是瓦雷利亚钢剑,此剑的名字叫“长爪”:五百年来一直是北境熊岛莫尔蒙家族的祖传之宝。乔拉·莫尔蒙在畏罪逃离熊岛时因为愧疚将剑留下,由他的姑姑梅姬·莫尔蒙转交给了他的父亲——守夜人总司令“熊老”杰奥·莫尔蒙接管此剑,后来杰奥为酬谢自己侍从琼恩·雪诺的救命之恩而以此剑相赠。瓦雷利亚钢是由瓦雷利亚自由堡的龙焰中炼造,比寻常的钢铁质地更加轻盈坚韧。山姆威尔·塔利在查阅古籍时发现古典中记载“龙钢”(dragonsteel)能砍杀异鬼,述说最后的英雄追寻森林之子下落的传说中也说他用龙钢剑杀死白鬼。而剧中琼恩·雪诺的剑杀了异鬼首领,因此可以证明瓦雷利亚钢剑就是“龙钢”!而龙钢之所以可以杀异鬼,是因为龙钢是火元素魔法属性武器(龙焰是火元素魔法,有攻击加成效果),而异鬼是冰元素魔法生物,可以理解为冰元素属性有防御特效,所以一般武器难以杀死异鬼首领。因为火克冰,所以有火属性的武器就能克制异鬼。这也解释了,为什么坦格利安家族当朝时期,异鬼长时间不敢出来,就是因为坦格利安家族是火魔法家族,而且那时候龙还不少。后来坦格利安家族没落了,龙也看不见了,克制自己的力量不行了。异鬼觉得进攻的号角可以吹响了2023-07-25 21:58:252
经典信息图-1854年伦敦霍乱爆发
1854年伦敦爆发严重霍乱,当时流行的观点是霍乱是通过空气传播的,而John Snow医生研究发现,霍乱是通过饮用水传播的。研究过程中,John Snow医生统计每户病亡人数,每死亡一人标注一条横线,分析发现,大多数病例的住所都围绕在Broad Street水泵附近,结合其他证据得出饮用水传播的结论,于是移掉了Broad Street水泵的把手,霍乱最终得到控制。 ▼下图为John Snow绘制的地图,横线表示死亡人数 ▼下图为放大图发现:几乎所有的死亡案例都发生在街头【Broad Street】水泵附近 以下是John Snow医生写给Medical Times and Gazette编辑所述: “我从病发现场发现,几乎所有的死亡案例都发生在街头【Broad Street】水泵附近。只有10名死亡案例的住所靠近另一个街头水泵。而其中5个死亡家属告诉我,他们一直使用Broad Street水泵,原因是其实Broad Street水泵离得更近些。有3户死亡家属确认,病亡的孩子所在学校就在Broad Street水泵附近。 查询结果表明,除了饮用Broad Street水泵的居民外,伦敦其他地方,霍乱并没有明显爆发。 鉴于Broad Street水泵附近发生的61例死亡,我认为死亡原因是其生前饮用过Broad Street水泵的水,无论是直接还是间接。 鉴于我所发现的结果,决定移除Broad Street水泵的把手。 ——John Snow”经典理由: 1.运用数据可视化解决当时医疗水平无法解决的霍乱问题; 2.制图简单,划线代表死亡人数,累计标注; 3.选用图表正确,使用地图,而非其他图表。2023-07-25 21:58:401
JOHN SNow的剑为什么能杀死异鬼
因为他的剑是瓦雷利亚钢制成的,由瓦雷利亚人发明的一种玄秘合金,能被用来制作无与伦比性能的兵器。在制造过程中混入了咒语和魔法,用龙焰协助锻造,使其轻便,坚韧并且从不生锈,卷刃或折断。瓦雷利亚钢制作的兵刃要比城堡铸造最好的精钢武器还要质轻坚硬,也更加锋利。瓦雷利亚钢的材质表面显现水波状的纹路,就如同现实世界中的大马士革钢。因为冶炼技术已经失传,现存的瓦雷利亚钢就变得极为珍贵和罕见。流传至现今的瓦雷利亚钢剑大概有几千把,起中约300把在维斯特洛。大部分瓦雷利亚钢剑在维斯特洛都保存在那些古老的贵族家族手中,每一把都有自己的名字和故事。扩展资料相关角色:1、琼恩·雪诺。琼恩出生于伊耿历283AC年,身份是临冬城公爵艾德·史塔克的私生子,在篡夺者战争结束后被从南方带回,并同艾德的嫡生子女一同在临冬城长大。他拥有一只患有白化症的冰原狼“白灵”。在小说故事的开始,琼恩北上加入守夜人去镇守绝境长城。2、异鬼。异鬼身型高大,枯槁,肤色苍白,眼睛是如冰一般的湛蓝深邃。他们的反光盔甲会随着移动而改变颜色,武器是极冷的冰晶制成的长剑,可以将它接触到的物体瞬间冻成冰雕后粉碎掉,包括守夜人所使用的钢制长剑。极其优异的运动和特殊能力使异鬼在战斗中往往处在绝对优势,所以几乎无人可以在面对异鬼的攻击中存活下来。2023-07-25 21:58:482
John Snow的母亲到底是谁
这个人我们真的不认识建议你问一下可能认识他的 人这样子知道的可能性会大一些2023-07-25 21:59:072
概括一下John snow defeats “king cholera” ?
The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called colera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow"s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.2023-07-25 22:01:173
John Snow was so exper that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 这句话里
委任;任命。2023-07-25 22:01:253
john snow defeats king cholera翻译(不要机译)
约翰·斯诺是一位著名的医生在London-so专家,他参加了维多利亚女王作为她的私人医生但是他时,他一想到要帮助灵感的普通老百姓,霍乱这是致命的疾病的日子. 既不知道它的原因也不了解它的治疗方法很多人死于成千上万感到每时每刻都有一种爆发约翰·斯诺要面对的挑战,解决这个问题他知道,霍乱也不可控制的原因被发现之前。 他变得有兴趣,可能解释两种学说 如何杀人。霍乱第一个建议霍乱增多在空气中…云的有害气体,直到它发现飘忽不定的受害者第二个建议人们把这种病毒进入他们的尸体在吃饭的时候从胃肠疾病快速攻击身体很快患者的死亡。 约翰·斯诺怀疑第二的理论是正确的,但他需要证据所以当另一暴发打伦敦1854年他已经准备好开始询问由于本病很快蔓延到贫困地区,他开始收集信息在两个特殊的街道,霍乱爆发是如此严重,500多人死于10天。他下定决心要找到原因。 他先在地图上所有的确切地点的死人。这给了他一个有价值的线索关于这种病的起因的. 许多的死亡人数接近水泵在宽阔的街道(特别是编号16,37岁,38and40)。他也注意到一些房屋(如20、21宽阔的街道和主街道)9剑桥没有死亡他没有预见到这,所以他做了进一步的调查他发现,这些人曾在酒吧街7剑桥…他们所提供的免费啤酒,所以没有喝的水从泵似乎这水是罪魁祸首。 约翰·斯诺注视下,水的来源,这两个街道他发现,它来自于河流污染肮脏的水是从伦敦来的. 他立刻告诉那些人在宽阔的街道的把手,泵,所以它并不能用此后不久,疾病慢下来他已表明霍乱是由细菌传播,而不是在一团气体。 在另一边的伦敦,他发现的证据来自另外两个死亡,被连接到百老汇大街爆发一个女人,离开了百老汇大街,喜欢水从泵,以至于她就交给她的房子的每一天。她和她的女儿死于霍乱喝完水这个额外的证据可以宣布约翰雪断定被污染的水将该病毒。 为防止这种情况再次发生,斯诺指出所有的水供应来源审查水公司被告知不要让人们暴露在污染的水有更多“莫莫王”最终战败。霍乱2023-07-25 22:01:341
john snow defeats king cholera 高二英语课文语法.
1.so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician,so。。 that 句型2.when he thought about helping ordinary people 。when引导的状语从句3.ordinary people exposed to cholera。exposed to cholera过去分词作定语4Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. neither。。。nor 既不也不5 that cholera would never be controlled 宾语从句6 until its cause was found until引导的状语从句2023-07-25 22:01:453
John Snow found that the polluted water was _________ for the outbreak of cholera. A.to blam..
A 试题分析:句意: John Snow 发现 受污染的水是此次霍乱爆发的罪魁祸首(应该对此次霍乱的爆发负责)。sb/sth be to blame for sth是一个固定短语,“某人/某事应为某事负责”的意思,用主动的形式表达被动的含义,不能用被动语态。故选A。 考点:2023-07-25 22:02:111
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
意思是:你什么都不懂。2023-07-25 22:02:203
《权力的游戏》一剧里,托曼在铁王座上坐了多久?
序言:《权力的游戏》是一部非常优秀的美国电视剧,在这部剧中出现了许多性格鲜明的角色,同样这些人物也有一定的研究意义,在他们身上我们可以发现,作为人的欲望和对于权力的向往。在《权力的游戏》中,最让人关心的就是铁王座这个位置了。托曼在铁王座上做了几个月的时间,最终自杀身亡。一、托曼是一个什么样的人我们在看《权力的游戏》时是非常心疼托曼这一角色的,因为他心地善良,但是也包含着柔弱,与自己的哥哥乔弗里完全不同。在乔弗里死后,托曼从亲哥哥的手上继承了铁王座,并且取小玫瑰为妻。小编觉得这是托曼人生中比较幸福的时刻,因为有小玫瑰陪在他的身边。但是因为自己母亲瑟曦的狠毒,在主教堂被炸得烟消云散之后拖曼非常的失落,最终跳楼身亡。二、谁坐上了铁王座在托曼死后,铁王座的位置落在了瑟曦的身上。瑟曦终于有机会施展自己的才能了,可是我们都知道她是一位狠毒暴虐的女性形象。这样的人注定在铁王座上坐不了太长的时间,瑟曦把自己的无能归功于性别,却没有想到是自己性格的原因。在面临儿子的死亡时,瑟曦整个人非常的崩溃,我们也可以看到她身上的母性形象。三、最终谁坐上了铁王座在《权力的游戏》最终季时,我们会发现最后登上王位的是布兰,一个近乎于神的人。许多人在看到布兰坐上铁王座的位置时,觉得非常的疑惑,在观众的心目中不是 John snow坐上铁王座,就是龙妈。编剧这样安排,小编也想不清楚到底是出于什么目的,许多人都觉得《权力的游戏》最终烂尾了,确实如此,我们没有看到自己想要的结果。2023-07-25 22:02:271
美剧《权力的游戏》第六季中john snow到底复活了没有
光之女让他复活了,弄死了那些害他的人2023-07-25 22:03:034
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”一文主要内容的概括
约翰斯诺原来是女王的保健医生,后来他决心为平民看病。在霍乱流行的时候,他发现霍乱的流行源头在于水源,这一发现有效遏制了霍乱的爆发,他从而获得大家的尊重。2023-07-25 22:03:224
john snow 的英文介绍
◇ Do you know John Snow?John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.◇ Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.◇ Mind Map of the textParagraph 1 Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Find a Problem: What cause the cholera?Paragraph 2 Two theory Make a question: Which is right?Paragraph 3-5 Study of the breakout in 1854Paragraph 3 Think of a method: Test two theoryCollect the result: Mark the deathAnalyse the result: Reason for death and no deathParagraph 4 Analyse the result: Find the resource of the waterParagraph 5 Find supporting evidence: Find more evidence.Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germPolluted water carried choleraParagraph 6 Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeat King Cholera◇ The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:1.Find a problem:(发现问题)2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)4.Collect results:(收集材料)5.Analyse results:(分析材料)6.Find supporting evidence:(必要时重新分析)7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)The problem Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The cause Idea 1: a strange cloud of gas found its victimsIdea 2: people absorbed the disease with mealsThe method Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct.The results He found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterIdea 1 or 2? Why? Idea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried cholera.The conclusion He defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water.2023-07-25 22:03:411
野女和红女都说 You know nothing,John Snow.到底啥意思
John Snow,you know nothing:你什么都不知道,约翰·斯诺。这句话在《权利的游戏》里面的意思:这是耶哥蕊特对斯诺说的,耶哥蕊特是自由民(长城以南的人称他们为野人),而斯诺是守夜人,耶哥蕊特深深地爱着斯诺,但是斯诺因为守夜人的誓言和自己背负的责任不可能和耶哥蕊特长相厮守。两个相爱的人处在敌对的两个阵营,所以耶哥蕊特对斯诺总是忽冷忽热,耶哥蕊特对斯诺说”你什么都不知道“其实是一种无奈,无奈自己与斯诺不能长相厮守,同时也包含对斯诺不理解耶哥蕊特的抱怨。希望对你有帮助2023-07-25 22:03:481
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
囧 的女人临死前那句you know nothing, john snow.解释1.你根本不知道你爹是雷加·坦格利安,你娘是莱安娜·史塔克 解释2.山有木兮木有枝,心悦君兮君不知 解释3. 你个雏儿,懂个球 解释4.囧斯诺,你根本不造老娘多稀罕你 解释5.法海你不懂爱2023-07-25 22:04:112
在权力的游戏第6集开始时是谁救了JOHN snow
第六季吗?雪诺复活的那段?红袍女吧,梅姨救的,光之王给她的使命。2023-07-25 22:04:191
简单的概括John Snow Defeats "King Cholera"的大意
斯诺击败“国王霍乱”2023-07-25 22:04:284
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
你不知道约翰的任何雪2023-07-25 22:04:452
john snow defeats king cholera的英文概括
自己人的自己写吧,,,偷懒干嘛呢2023-07-25 22:04:521
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
You know nothing ,John Snow.约翰·斯诺,你什么都不知道。很高兴为你解答!如有疑问,欢迎随时追问!如果满意,欢迎尽快采纳!你们的采纳是我们不竭的动力!O(∩_∩)O~2023-07-25 22:05:082
《john snow defeats king cholera》 中有哪些含过去分词的句子?
He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 在此句子中跟在became后为过去分词做表语,译为他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来)he was determined to find out why.(determined 在此句子中跟在was后为过去分词做表语,译为他下定了找出原因的决心)过去分词做表语,跟在be,get,become,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear等系动词后,一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,主与多数是人。本课文中比较多过去分词做定语,过去分词做表语比较少,我暂且只能找出两个做参考。你可以根据语法说明再去仔细找找看看还有没有我漏掉的,以作补充。有什么疑惑请再继续追问吧!全文翻译:John snow was a famous doctor in london-so expert,indeed,that he attended queen victora as her personal physician.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.this was the deadly disease of its day.neither its cause nor its cure was understood.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem .he knew that cholera would never be co ntrolled until its cause was found.约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰 学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people.the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim.the second suggested that people absorbed these disease intotheir bodies with their meals.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,从胃里,这病毒很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.John snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.so when another outbreak hit london in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquire.as the disease quickly spread through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.he was determined to find out why.约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the died people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street.he also noticed that some houses had had no death.he had not foreseen this ,so he made further investigations,he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street .they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the punp.it seemed that the water was to blame.首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.Next,john snow look into the source of the water for these two streets.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.soon afterwords the disease slowed down.he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体.In another part of london,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. A woman,whohad moved away from broad street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house everyday. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinkingthe water.with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.在伦敦的其他地区,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒.To prevent this from happening again,john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined . the water companies were instructed not expose people to polluted water any more . finally “king cholera”was defeated.为了阻止霍乱的再次发生,约翰 雪建议所有的供水源头都应该被检查,卖水公司被命令不许再把人们暴露在污染的水之下,最终,”霍乱王”被击败了.2023-07-25 22:05:261
高二英语必修五JOHN SNOW DEFEATS"KING CHOLERA"阅读翻译
约翰.斯诺击败了强大的霍乱2023-07-25 22:05:362
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
“you know nothing john snow“你不知道约翰雪例句:Do you know john brown? 你认识约翰布朗先生吗?2023-07-25 22:05:464
“you know nothing john snow” 什么含义
You know nothing, John Snow这是 冰与火之歌 里一句经典台词饮意思就是:“你什么都不懂,琼恩·雪诺。”2023-07-25 22:05:531