商务英语毕业论文开题报告

英文写作........

In conversational English we are concerned with the ects of stress and intonation but in writing we focus on vocabulary collocations structure of sentences and development in each paragraph. On top of that we also pay close attention to form and content. We must be able to express difficult ideas and know how to handle facts and opinions. I believe you have a fairly good mand of English vocabulary. In sit soap opera talk show… people use slang and everyday English. You are more interested in the kind of vocabulary that is used in academic writing regardless of which discipline you are concerned with. For example a petent teacher (a good teacher) the bank is financially sound. (the bank is good) In other words you have to focus on diction. (- the choice of words) Collocations are the key to fluent English. Learning words on their own may enable you to municate but to sound natural you must learn which words typically go together. e.g. wide awake sound asleep launch an attack spotlessly clean pronounced dead …just to name a few. Please buy a good collocations dictionary. An essay is divided into paragraphs. Each paragraph is a group of sentences which develop one central idea. You should learn anizing ideas selecting information and using linking words and phrases. After much practice you should write a unified coherent paragraph and know what a well-written text should be. Finally you should cultivate a good habit of reading the texts from the work of a wide variety of authors (e.g. Gee Orwell Somerset Maugham Chris Patten) so you bee familiar with different styles of writing. Most teenagers in Hong Kong rarely read English newspaper daily let alone classic novels. I suggest you read editorials from newspapers articles from Times New York Times or South China Morning Post essays biography book and film reviews if you have time to do so. Good luck! Different kinds of writing requires different kinds of skill. Writing a poem is different from writing a lyric; different from writing a science report; or a law book. Don"t get discouraged by your teacher"s ment. I believe what you really want to know is how can I get a better grade from my teacher. Each teacher has his or her own preference on what he or she likes. Borrow some work from your friends who got a good grade. Study what your teacher would consider good and start from there. If your English is good this should not be hard. After a few times you should see your teacher will begin to like your work. Sorry that sometime does not mean your English is getting better. It just mean you now know how to make your work pleasing to him/her. Good work does not always get appreciated. Consider that is a lost to your teachers not youself. Hope that helps. To be honest the best way is to read more books it"s because conversations in drama are very casual it is quite different from actual writing. However watching drama can definately improve your accent. If you want to learn more vocab. perhaps you can start reading dictionary. A rhetorical style on sentence trformation.To describe something with various vocabulary. (1) They say that he was a popular writer.=He is said to have been a popular writer. (2) She was surprised to hear the (gossip girl)gleeing.=She was surprised because she heard the (gossip girl) gleeing. (3) having gleed=has gleed; was a gossip girl=to have been a gossip girl =has been a gossip girl. 参考: self You might need to learn different sentence structure and linkers. If you have to depict sth you have to make it to be descriptive with vary vocabulary. 参考: from my english teacher"s ment towards my writing.

I don"t think it difficult to study English.If you want to improve English,you must be persistent.Pay attention to listening,speaking,reading,writing and reciting .Every day,you should insist on learning words by heart, practising listening English and try to spend more of your time writing English composition.It will be helpful for you to improve English. What"s more,practice makes perfect.The saying that practice makes perfect means that after you have plenty of practice in what you are doing, you will be perfect in it. He who practices a lot will master the skill more quickly than he who seldom or hardly practices. When we learn English, we have to learn grammar, words, expressions and so on. The most important thing may be how to put what we have learned into practice. If you only learn the grammar rules by heart and don"t do enough exercises, it is certain that you can"t understand them perfectly. But if you practice a lot, maybe you will understand them more deeply and you can find some good methods of applying them. Memorizing English words whenever time permits,we can easily memorize them and can even find a way to memorize them more quickly.Where there is a will,there is a way. Great dream makes great life.Make up your mind to do it ,your life will make a difference. In a word, Where there is a will,there is a way,please make your confidence and be persisitent.Don"t give up studying English.I believe you will get success someday in the future.祝您早日找到满意的答案!

written English 指写成文字的英语；writing English 指“写英语”这个行为。written English 和 writing English 都可以译作“英语写作”（通常指英语写作技能），但这两个词组却表达不同的内涵。 written English 指所有形成文字的英语，包括文件、书刊、电子文档，以及个人文字记录如日记等。简单地说就是英语文章写作。writing English 则是行为描述，是动词短语 to write English 的分词或动名词形式，即“写英语”。例：There are different styles between spoken English and written English.Writing English is not difficult. But it is not easy to express yourself in written English.

I don"t think it difficult to study English.If you want to improve English,you must be persistent.Pay attention to listening,speaking,reading,writing and reciting .Every day,you should insist on learning words by heart,practising listening English and try to spend more of your time writing English position.It will be helpful for you to improve English.What"s more,practice makes perfect.The saying that practice makes perfect means that after you have plenty of practice in what you are doing,you will be perfect in it.He who practices a lot will master the skill more quickly than he who seldom or hardly practices.When we learn English,we have to learn grammar,words,expressions and so on.The most important thing may be how to put what we have learned into practice.If you only learn the grammar rules by heart and don"t do enough exercises,it is certain that you can"t understand them perfectly.But if you practice a lot,maybe you will understand them more deeply and you can find some good methods of applying them.Memorizing English words whenever time permits,we can easily memorize them and can even find a way to memorize them more quickly.Where there is a will,there is a way.Great dream makes great life.Make up your mind to do it ,your life will make a difference.In a word,Where there is a will,there is a way,please make your confidence and be persisitent.Don"t give up studying English.I believe you will get success someday in the future. 祝您早日找到满意的答案!,8,帮我写篇作文How to improve English writing skills.相当给同学们写的信. 用一般现在时,介绍提高英语写作的重要一点就是要有自信心,第二就是提一点建议.别太长.

可以多看一些写作方面的辅导书 多做摘录 多看看 把它变成自己的东西＆扩大词汇量

We need to recite lots of articles, which helps to form a native English language way of thinking as long as imitating their writing styles. We need to read English newspapers of all kinds of field, it does good to accumulate language matierials. We need to be good at grammars and try to use the language well. We need to write journals so that we can practise all the time. Also, we need to look more others" paper to enhance language ability.

As we all know, with the progress of society, English become a very important skill in learning and working. So there have been more and more English class in china in recent years. And now many parents view English as a vital knowledge to their children. But is English learning necessary for every Chinese student? Some people think that learning English is a must, particularly for Chinese students. On the one hand, because it is not only help them to form a skill of second language but also make it easier to go overseas. On the other hand, as global economic integration is coming. Therefore, English is benefit for students to find jobs in large foreign companies and get a lot of money from the corporation. However, others hold that there are no necessary for every Chinese student learning English. For one thing, they think Chinese is good enough, and china is become more and more prosperous. Someone who doesnu2019t know English can also find a good job in china. So it is not vital for every student to learn English. For another, many students who learning English well may have no chance to use it if they donu2019t go abroad and are not connected with foreigners. And if the student do not love learning English, the result would not come out very well if you compel him to learn it. As far as I am concerned, I support every Chinese student to learn English. People who have a language skill are likely to get more opportunities in future than those who do not have this skill. And mastering a language skill is a thing that not feeling bad. So why do not we learn it?

Essentially advanced reading can not be sussessful unless some writing skills are mastered. Writing skills and advanced reading comprehension are both very closely related. After all, any language is an art rather than a science. No precise rule can be followed exctly. When you finished even all those grammer courses, you can find that the grammer books say nearly nothing about organizing a paragraph, though you may use the grammer book rules (low-level rules in fact) to write a single sentence. The sentence you wrote could be correct, but the same sentence could become not suitable when you put it in a specific context or language environment. You may learn some high-level rules from a good writing text book. If you read more, you can find that these books are so different from each other, implying a high-level rule is not as mechanical as those low ones. Do not worry so much of Chinese style in your English writing. Because of the culture difference, such a style may stimulate culture exchange, haha, only if what you write can be easily understood by the readers. In summary, writing is not so mysterious. As an advanced skill of English language relative to reading, writing requires a better and longer patience and needs new eyes and new skills that are different from mastering the reading comprehension. Here are the 6 point that can tell you how to quickly improve your english writing skills:1. Reading is of first importance. But now you may focus on the writing skills of the author. Try to enjoy and cherish the other"s writing skills.2. Read a good English writing textbook (do not read a rubbish book). 3. Purchase a good dictionary of synonyms and the other related reference books for writing.4. Practice writing. But better find someone, when possible, to make a correction or comment for you (maybe you are not so lucky). Actually we are practicing writing on this English forum. 5. Do not rely on any grammer book. Grammer is useful only when your level is very low. All the authors of thick grammer books are liars in some senses. I hate them. They waste our valuable time. 6. Can you write Chinese well? If you can not, improve you Chinese writing first.Above all are my personal oppionin and hope that will be work out.

Effects of students" writing enhancement factor is many sided,psychological factors such as " anxiety " is one of important aspect.A lot of English writing of weak students in teacher and exchange is showing " afraid of writing,tired of writing " emotions,some students said:" see the English composition." Some students said:" I will write sentences somehow in the writing of a hurry on to write out." The author thinks that these students on English writing.This " anxiety " will hinder them to improve English writing ability.Psychology thinks:anxiety is the biggest obstacle in language learning.It can generate tension,fear and upset,directly led to the behavior of the failure,and then increase the psychological tension and fear.If the student often of English writing a " anxiety ",so they can escape from the heart of English writing and all associated with the writing activity,manifested in the action will be on the English writing of passive coping and even refused to writing training.As a junior high school English teachers how to help students overcome anxiety in English writing?I think,first of all,the teacher should pay attention to in writing teaching to stimulate students interest in the topic of writing.Secondly,teachers can adopt various forms to change students" writing training for English writing " stereotypes ".Finally,encourage students to extend the extracurricular English reading,through a variety of ways to understand English correct expression.影响学生写作提高的因素是是多方面的,心理因素比如说“焦虑”也是其中重要的一个方面.很多英语写作薄弱的学生平时在与老师的交流中都流露出“怕写作、厌写作”的情绪,有的学生说：“看到英语作文就焦躁.”还有的学生说：“平时会写的句子不知怎的在写作文时一着急就写不出了.”笔者认为这些学生对于英语写作的这种“焦虑”会阻碍他们英语写作水平的提高.心理学上认为：焦虑是语言学习中的最大障碍.它能产生紧张、害怕和懊恼,直接导致行为的失败,继而加重心理的紧张和恐惧.学生如果经常对英语写作有“焦虑”感,那么他们就会从心里逃避英语写作和一切与写作有关的活动,表现在行动上就会对英语写作被动应付甚至是拒绝写作训练.那么作为初中英语教师如何帮助学生克服英语写作焦虑呢?我认为,首先,教师应在写作教学中要注重激发学生对写作话题的兴趣.其次,教师可采用多种写作训练形式来改变学生对于英语写作的“成见”.最后,鼓励学生扩大课外英语阅读量,通过多种途径了解英语的正确表达.

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1. 求一篇英语文章 English is easy to learn. If you want to learn english well, you should know what make up english. English consists of grammar, vocabulary, writting and dictation. First, you should recite vocabulary once and once again.Because if you are not aware of the meaning of words, you can"t understand the meaning of sentences and paragraph.Then you can"t catch the idea of the novel. Then you should listen more and more english as much as possible to enhance the capacity of listening. Afterwards, you can watch english movies to increase your interest of english and promote your grammar. Last, in order to promote your writting capacity, you can recite some wonderful english eassys. Try and insist, you can learn english well. 2. 以"怎样才能学好英语"为题写一篇作文 楼主你好！【本答案由TOP20大智若鱼/ka独家原创提供 感谢支持问问知识奥运会外语TOP代表团】 首先，我要说的是，我们用于学习英语的时间有限，所以学习要有目的性。 如果你是中学生，把学英语的近期目标定位在高考上，那么对于课本教材的掌握就要多花些时间。如果你是大学在读或者快毕业的学生，有心要考四、六级、托福、GRE，那么对于大量的单词的掌握就是首要的条件。 把自己有限的时间花在刀刃上才能取得最大的效益。 英语，作为一种语言，学习的方法和另一种语言——汉语，有很多的共同之处。 也许对于英语，我们可能一辈子也学不到像汉语那样熟练的程度，但是，很多我们学习汉语的方法是很值得借鉴的。 很多语言虽然千差百异，但都是一些共同的元素，比如，语言的基本组成单位（字、词或者单词）、约束语言的规则（语法），和一些历史上形成的特例（俗语、俚语、诗词等）。 掌握了这些元素，也就基本上掌握了一种语言的用法。想想我们小时候学习汉语的时候，我们最早学会的是一些最基本的词，比如苹果、猫、狗等我们不会说话的时候就经常见的东西。 随着词的积累，到了幼儿园的时候，父母和老师就开始教一些语法规则。学会了必要的词汇和基本的语法规则，这时候我们已经可以进行简单的汉语的对话了。 到了小学，我们更系统地学习语法，再加上日常生活的运用，我们对日常的汉语已经很精通了。我们学习英语，由于我们起步晚而且锻炼的机会比较少，到大学毕业时，我们对英语的掌握如果能达到我们汉语的小学毕业水平已经是很不错的了。 通过我们对自己学习汉语的分析，我们可以发现有几点值得我们的注意：首先是对词的积累。有道是“巧妇难为无米之炊”。 如果你不知道一种东西用英语怎么说，你是很难让别人明白你的意思。我们中学课本和大学课本里的单词虽然不少，但是总的来说是不够的，就像我们语文课本的词只是我们日常生活中使用的词汇的一小部分。 举个例子说，英语课本里有“衣服”这个词clothes，但是细节上就省略了，比如羊毛衫（knitted sweater）、西装（suit）、礼服（full dress）、运动衫（jersey）都是用不同的单词来表示的。在课本中我们只能学得到“衣服”怎么说，具体的各种衣服的单词需要我们从课外阅读中获得。 我的经验是多翻翻英汉词典，不光用到不明白的单词是翻，有时间的话能背背词典也是很有帮助。【外语TOP20大智若鱼】如果觉得这种方法比较枯燥无味，那么可以选一些英文的小说或者科普读物来看。 比如很多英文的文学名著国内都能买到。最好是近几十年的小说，比较能反映现代英语的发展，如《教父》（Godfather）之类的。 看这些小说的时候，应该注意情节是次要的，主要是记下不懂的单词和不明白的句子。如果要能上网的话，可以浏览一下一些美国报纸的网站，比如纽约时报（）。 这些网站里面的英语就是现在美国人在日常生活中使用的英语。 除了单词，再就是语法。 对于我们来说，中学，只要学英语课本里的语法已经是足够用的了，关键是真正熟练掌握。我们用英语造句的时候，经常会想是不是词序、时态搞错了。 但我们用汉语的时候就根本不会有这种情况，好像不经过脑子话就从嘴里出来了，而且不出错。这里的区别就在于我们对于汉语实在是太熟悉了，经过了无数个条件反射的训练，想出错都已经是很难了。 学英语语法也是这样，需要高强度的训练。只要你还在英语语法上出错，那就说明这种训练还不够多，一定要形成条件反射这种程度才算出师。 这种训练靠读课本读小说是不够的，一定要多说、多写才行。也就是得强迫自己多用英语造句，不能只看别人是怎么写的。 根据我自己的经验，很多时候把应以背得很熟了，读小说的时候也注意语法了，但是收效仍甚微。只有多说、多写才能真正提高英语的表达能力。 掌握了单词和语法，我们就已经算是学会了基本的英语。当然，如果要想像掌握汉语一样熟练掌握英语，那就得靠终生的努力了。 这涉及很多细节，比如一些约定俗称的俗语、俚语，还有对语感、语言美感的掌握。如果生活在讲英语的环境中，我们可以对这些慢慢领悟。 总的来说，我们应该具有一定的语言知识和语言能力。我常听人说“我的英语听力不好”，“我的阅读能力上不去”或者“我的写作能力提不高”等等。 诚然，影响能力发展的因素是多方面的，但是我们首先得问一下自己“我的词汇量有多大？”“我的语法知识的系统性如何？”我的个人经验是：近期内迅速提高英语水平的切入点就是突击好单词和语法，在此基础上在进行提高能力的强化训练，这样做就定会取得事半功倍的效果。 以上是我回顾个人学习英语的经历的一点所感所想，如果能对你有所帮助，那是我最大的荣幸，或者提醒你对自己学习英语的目的、方法做些思考，起到些许抛砖引玉的作用，我也将感到极大的快乐了。 【外语TOP20大智若鱼/Ka更新日期：2008-08-24】。 3. 以“学习英语的困难有哪些困难”为题目 I have some difficulty in learning English. For example, I can"t tell the difference beeen written English and spoken English. Sometimes I often make mistakes while speaking to others. Talking about English study,I think practice is necessary and important. For the improvement of English,we should practice as much as possible.Before classes,we must preview the lesson by repeating after the tapes and look up the new words in the dictionaries.When in class,we ought to try all our best to answer the teachers" questions.And it"s very useful to keep the texts in mind. Listening to english news also does good to our english.expecially in improving my spoken English. 4. 以 学英语真难 写篇作文 it is hard to learn English well in a short time. you need to dedicate your time and efforts to it pletely. you need to unerstand different structures of grammar. you need to remember a good amount of vocabulary. you need to practice all the time. when you are able to talk in English in dreams, you would know that you are not too far from it.。 5. 以HowlearnEnglish为题写一篇英语作文 English is very important in our lives.We should do our best to learn English well.Maybe you will ask how to learn English well.I have some good methods that fit me best.Let me tell you.To learn English ,I preview the day"s lesson before class and try to find the main ideas to reply to the teacher"s questions.In class ,I make notes carefully .I often read a passage and retell it myself.Sometimes I learn English grammar and it helps me a lot.When I can"t remember new words ,I always write them down in a notebook and take it with me .After class,I always review lessons and sing some chants.Reading a good English newspaper is helpful.We should speak English with our teachers ,our clas *** ates and even with foreigners.We should insist on speaking English every day.In these ways,I have improved my English skills.I hope these can help you with your English。 6. 急 Is Learning English Easy or Not? There are about fifteen hundred languages in the word. But only a few of them are very important. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U.S.A. but also in other parts of the world. About 200 000 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a foreign language. Many millions are trying to do so. Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different answers. Have you ever noticed ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazine? “learn English in six weeks, or your money back…” “easy and fun! Our records and tapes help you master you English in a month. from the first day your pronunciation will be excellent. Just send…” Of course, it never happens quite like that. The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. If we could learn English in the same way, it would seem so difficult. Think of what a *** all child does. He listens to what people say. He is using the language, talking in it, thing in it all the time. Just imagine how much practice that gets. So it is hard to say that learning English is easy, because a good mand of English depends upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and takes much time. Good teachers, records, tapes books, and dictionaries will help. But they cannot do the student"s work for him。 7. 写一篇关于 学英语遇到的困难,如何解决困难 的英语作文 From my English studying experience ,I find I have encountered many difficulties. These problems are lying in three aspects: my spoken English, my English writing and listening.First of all, the biggest problem is my terrible spoken English, for I have some Chinese accent while I"m municating with others in English. I"ve tried very hard to get rid of it, but the awkard accent just keeps haunting me. And what make things worse is that everybody is always laughing at me, which makes me much more nervous while talking in English. So one day, i decide i should do something to change this horrible situation. I buy lots of CDs of some celebrities" public speaking, and i try to imatate their intonation, accent everyday. fortunately, i"ve made some progress till now. My oral English is better, but i still need to work hard to improve it.second, i hate English writing. when i try to write things down, my mind bees totally blank. i don"t know what to talk about. i don"t know what examples i should take to support my ideas. sometimes, when i look at a topic, i even don"t know how i can write my thesis statement. even if i have my outline, i don"t know how to find specific details to fulfill my essay, or how to use vivid words to express my idea. i suffer a lot on my writing. But one day, i happened to discover a good way to improve my writing skill, which is to keep a journal everyday. at first, i still don"t know what to talk about. but gradually, i have much more to say. and the words and the thoughts just spills from my mind.the last problem is my listening ability. i couldn"t even catch the main idea of the materials, even they"re from VOA Special. so i listen to one script everyday, and try to write down things that i can catch words by words, sentence by sentence. and i download lots of English songs that i can listen to on my way to school or home. gradually, it bee much better. now, i can even understand VOA Standard.i still need to try hard to get rid of all these problems. although it"s a tough process. i still have the strength and courage to conquer them.(P.S： 不排除里面有少量语法及拼写错误，希望LZ能自己检查下，还有你可以适当的把这篇文章改一下，把里面的词换的更生动更多样一些。 还有. . .里面LZ可根据自己的实际情况添加或删改，尤其是时态问题)。 8. 用英语写一篇作文 以怎样学好英语为题写一篇英语作文 Learning English takes time so if we want to learn it well, we should spend much time practicing using English every day. Besides, we should listen to the teacher and take notes carefully in class. Go over what is learnt regularly and finish doing our homework carefully. If we have time,we"d better isten to English radio programmes, read English stories and newspapers, watch English films and TV programmes ,keep a diary in English . If we make mistakes, correct them at once and try not to make the same mistakes. What"s more, we should look up new words in the dictionary before class and prepare each lesson carefully before class. I believe if we work hard and have good ways of learning English, we will learn English well. 怕你不清楚意思，我翻译了以下。 学英语是要花费时间的，因此我们要花大量的时间每天练习使用英语。而且我们应该上课认真听讲、记笔记、经常复习我们所学的、认真完成作业。 如果我们有时间，最好听英语广播、读英语故事和报纸、看英语电影和电视节目、用英语记日记。如果我们出错了，就要马上更改并尽力别再犯同样的错误。 并且我们在课前要查字典认真预习。我相信如果我们努力学习并且有好的学英语方法，我们一定会学好英语的。 9. 英语作文 难学啊 learn english for in modern society, english bee more and more important. there are o points on this. one is that we should work hard to learning english well in order to follow the present international evelopement. the other is that we study english only for college, so we needn"t learn it and after the graduation we won"t ba able to use it. i agree the first one bacause english is a language spoken by billons of people and now is playing a important role within international business and tarde. and english is the spoken language in the UN. so it is of importance to learn it well. we should know well about the world. learning it well will help you show to the worl。 10. 以“怎么学好英语”为题写英语作文 How To Learn English WellEnglish is important in the modern world. It is spoken all over the world. But a few students don"t learn English well. So they want to drop English. I suggest that you shouldn"t give up English, because English is used in many countries as the first or second language. Most business letters are written in English. It is helpful for you to work in the future. If you don"t know English, you will fall behind others in future.How can you learn English well? First, you should persevere. It"s true that English is sometimes really very difficult for us. But if you have a good method of learning, I think you will be good at it. Both English listening and speaking are the most difficult for almost every beginner. Sometimes, it seems impossible to learn. But I think if you do a lot of practice, you will make progress, you should speak more and listen more often. You"d better speak English with your clas *** ates as often as possible not only in class but also out of class. I advise you to buy a radio, so you can listen to some English programmes over the radio. Then you will travel in the world of English.If you do that, you"ll be able to learn English well easily, and you"ll like English very much.I hope all of you will bee good at English step by step。

前者是说英语 后者是英语口语前者是写英语或者英语书写 后者是英语写作

　　在学习、工作乃至生活中，大家总少不了接触作文吧，写作文是培养人们的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力的重要手段。你所见过的作文是什么样的呢？下面是我整理的话题英语作文8篇，希望能够帮助到大家。 话题英语作文 篇1 　　Life needs love and hope Life although is short, but it should like fireworks as brilliant.When we get the basic material needs, then also need higher after the spirit world, if we want to make our lifetime become wonderful, I think, life needs something to love, and to look forward to. 　　Love what Love youself , love people around you ,love the everything. Even is suffering, if you love it , it will be transformed the growing wealth, make you more strong and brave. 　　Love yourself, because in the world we are the only one, we should believe we are excellent, try to find our advantages and correct faults. Let yourself more and more perfect, so love others must first love yourself. Love our friends and family, they give us life"s warm, when we are alone, they accompany us; when we are sad, they comfort us; when we are failure, they encourage us, so learning gratitude will get more love. Love the nature, the sea, 　　mountains, rivers, forests and plateau, when we stay in the full of fresh breath natural surroundings, breathing the fresh air, listening the sounds of nature, appreciating the natural scenery, our body will be full of energy and We will be more love this world 　　When I am tired, I"ll go to climb mountains, and put myself in the nature, it can make me to forget all the troubles, I will hold the 　　camera to take the beautiful moment reserved for eternal memory. I also love sport, it makes me more healthy, more courageous. I like to play badminton, I feel very happy when I sweat. I like to run,I can listen to my heart beating, when I toward the finish line 　　struggled to run，I will get more perseverance. 　　There is love there is hope ，when we believe that life has miracle, the future will give us hope. The purpose of life is to have hope, and toward it continuous efforts. 　　I"m looking forward to one day I can travel the whole of China, and appreciate Chinese fine scenery. I expect I can become an excellent Chinese teacher ___"preach, impart knowledge and to reassure,"I will with love to water the flowers make it blooming . I"m looking forward to have a coffee shop, where with a melodious tunes, a useful book, a glass of sweet coffee, a wisp of warm sunshine, we can provide them a space for tired heart 　　releasing ,teach them loving life, learning poetic ground life. Because there are loves and expectations in our life, it makes our hearts full, and makes our life more beautiful, Even if life is limited, but we can make unlimited exploits in the limited time . "We may not add the length of life, but can increase the thickness of life." So, let us keep the love in life, and keep something to look forward to . 话题英语作文 篇2 　　近年来，中小学生健康问题日益引起人们的关注。请你用英语就该问题谈谈你的看法。 　　要求：(1)内容包括①列举中小学生面临的健康问题。 　　② 请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。 　　(2)字数：60---80词。 　　(3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。 　　范文：Every one wants to keep healthy today, especailly our students. But we don"t pay attention to our health. Some of them go to school without breakfast in the morning. Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day, espacially at the weekends. Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke. 　　It is important for us to have good habbits. We should eat breakfast every morning. We can watch TV or play games for a short time, then have a rest. We also can take part in some clubs. I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy. 话题英语作文 篇3 　　在教棒和粉笔的共同飞舞中，在老师声声叮咛，鼓励和无微不至地呵护下，多少位良师被学子深深地印在心里啊! 　　---题记 　　我在这里写的"是一位普普通通，平凡得不能再平凡的人民教师，50来岁，由于终日为我们不辞辛苦的操劳，脸上布满了皱纹，她的两眼黑得发亮，锋利的目光，仿佛要把什么刺穿似的。我有点害怕。她只教我们还不到四个月，但是，每当我想起她时。她对我们的严就像教练训练运动员那样一丝不苟;她对我们很关心，体贴，就像对待自己的儿女一样。 。z但是，那一次，我尽对她起了怨恨。那是一节自习课，英语老师让同学们把作业本A订正好交到办公室去批改，作业本B作好的也去批改。我怀着喜悦的心情拿着作好的B去批改，"报告""进来"她的声音很平稳，我走了进去，队伍并不长，我跑到英语老师右边去批改，无意间发现了电脑里有语文竞赛的成绩，我便很期盼得到自己的成绩，不听话的手尽往鼠标地区前行，不经意间，我触摸到了，这下手更不听使唤，一直往下翻动着，"啊"我目瞪口呆，倒数第三，我的喜悦心情沉淀了下来，"谁呀，谁在动我的电脑?"一声果断而又严厉的语言向我发起进攻，我吓了一大跳，我心里想：哎呀，这下怎么办呀，不如来个死不承认，或者……英语老师的教棒在桌上"吃吃"作响，"把手拿过来。"我害怕极了，真想使用一下神仙的仙术，把英语老师的教棒变成长长的棉花棒，只有我能看见，而老师看不见，软软的棉花棒触摸了我一下，"哇!"教棒落下来了，打得好痛呀，我有点生气，心里暗暗想着;你这个老太太，太坏了，我只不过碰了一下鼠标，看了电脑屏幕一眼，也不过如此，您竟打我，只要教育几下就行了嘛，我可是个怕痛的女孩。我心中的怨恨一直不能平静。但刚想完，那教棒的滋味和对老师的怨恨跑掉了，我寻找着，发现它屹立在英语老师身上展现出来的无可抗拒的人格魅力上。 　　她总穿着比别人温暖的衣服，长得虽不出众，但是她的人格魅力在我心中是最出众的，那一次英语课，因我们作业做得不好，而被英语老师斥责了一翻，最使我深受教育的是这样一句话：我做事情，要做就要做到最好。"这声音在教室里久久回荡，震撼着我的心灵。做一个高尚的人"的种子便埋下了，自从那节课后，我猛然发觉自己长大了好多好多，幼稚正向我告别。我的心底默默地感谢这位教我如何做人的英语老师。 话题英语作文 篇4 　　I went hiking to a mountain with my friends last summer。 　　It was a good trip at the beginning but something unexpected happened on the half way。 One of my friends suddenly felt a terrible pain in his stomach and he couldn‘t move any further。 Nobody knew what to do。 　　One girl tried to call her mum with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area。 Luckily we brought a tent with us。 We put it up and let him rest in it。 He took some medicine。 Then he drank some water， and ate some food。 After a while， he felt much better and we walked on。 We all enjoyed ourselves on the top of the mountain。 话题英语作文 篇5 　　目前，一些诸如GG、MM、 Xia Mi 等网络语言在青少年中极为盛行，并且出现在家庭作业报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以 “Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited (禁止)?”为题，根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文，并谈谈你自己的看法。 　　注意： 　　1. 短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数; 2. 词数：100-120左右 　　Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited? 　　At present， Internet Slang， such as “GG， MM， Xia Mi”， has become popular among the teenagers. 　　There are different opinions on Internet Slang. Some students think Internet Slang is vivid， fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. Besides， it makes chatting on the Internet quicker. 　　However， some other students think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. Also， it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. The words sometimes might make people confused， even resulting in misunderstanding. 　　Every coin has two sides. In my opinion， living in the Information Age， if we don"t know the Internet Slang， we seem to fall behind the times. It will be OK as long as these terms are used correctly in proper situations. 话题英语作文 篇6 　　The Joys Of Learning English 　　Some of my friends are puzzled that I have chosen English as my major to have a further study in college.They believe that their majors like electronic machinery and civil engineering are hopefully promising and that my choice,learning English is not wise .I, however,think English Study has brought me rewards , including practical use andainner satisfaction. 　　One obvious reward of learning English is practical use .I firstly have more opportunities to open up my new horizon in daily life . Spending much more time in learning it enables me to view popular English TV shows or read some English periodicals and classics . That spurs me to know more about something western , like lifestyles or thinking patterns ,by which , my knowledge reserves and horizon naturally are expanded . English study also is an advantageous skill for career development .With the encrease in cost of filling the vacant positions ,many foreign employers are more willing to hire a technical talent mastering English rather than spend more money on hiring a technical talent and an English one . Learning English Clearly gives a great advantage of getting a job. 　　More important , Learning English is joyful because the inner satisfaction it gives .I felt excited and fulfilled when I figured out the beauty of a word or true intention of the author .Two weeks ago ,I was asked to finish an English writing about an emotion .I did not do well in the first two times , although I employed all my energies in it .When my teacher reminded me to pay attention to one word “emotion ”, I leaped to a conclusion that I just narrated an event rather than described an emotion . I finally did an excellent revised manuscript. That improvement in English study made me attain a sense of satisfaction although it was a small step in learning it. 　　Some people may think English study wastes much time and energy and is barely useful .In fact , I am pleased with English study in that it is useful in daily life now and my future career , and most of all , it gives me a inner satisfaction . 话题英语作文 篇7 　　Recently, it is very popular to live a low-carbon life.Living a low-carbon life is ofgreat importance to every one. First of all, it can protect the environment to a great extent. Second, it can save the limited natural resources and energy, and will leave a better world for our offspring.Third, it is a healthy lifestyle and will help mould a harmonious social atmosphere. 　　Therefore, how to create a low-carbon life is necessary for us to consider. To begin with, we should save the energy, such as the electricity, water and domestic gas. Second, when we go out we can walk or ride a bike instead of by car. Third, we should not use the plastic bags which are hard to break down. If so, we can live a low-carbon life and gain the happiness of it. 话题英语作文 篇8 　　In recent years，more and more lectures are being given on campus. They are organized either by the departments or by the students" unions with an aim to improve the students" quality both mentally and academically. These lectures are usually in series and on different topics, such as arts, life, economy, psychology, world issues, etc. 　　Generally speaking, the advantages of good lectures are various. First, they broaden the students" horizon and cultivate interests in different fields. Second，they make the life of the students colorful and enjoyable. With these merits, lectures are just complementary and subordinate to our school work. If students spend too much time attending lectures, their regular study will be affected and disturbed. 　　So，in my opinion, the students should, on the one hand, do their class work and homework well first, on the other hand, make good use of their spare time to attend instructive lectures so as to eich their knowledge.

　　无论在学习、工作或是生活中，大家都有写作文的经历，对作文很是熟悉吧，借助作文人们可以实现文化交流的目的。那么一般作文是怎么写的呢？以下是我为大家整理的英语话题作文10篇，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。 英语话题作文 篇1 　　The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of modesty. Definitely, no once can deny the importance of it. Modesty can inspire people to achieve greater success. Those who are modest will never be content with their current achievements, instead, they will work constantly to achieve a higher target. moreover,a modest people are more likely to be fitting in, win others" trust and enjoy a harmonious interpersonal relationship. To further illustrate the importance of modesty, I would like to take Newton as a case in point: how could he, one of the most influential scientists throughout the history of mankind, discover the Law of Momentum Conservation if he was simply content with the achievement of finding Three Laws of Motion ? 　　Accordingly, at no time should we be satisfied with our small accomplishments, instead , we need to keep an open mind to accept new things, absorb new information, acquire new knowledge and seize new opportunities. "Success consists in industry and modesty." A philosopher once said. 英语话题作文 篇2 　　话题： 　　Writing: imagine a scenario or express your opinion 　　Lift 　　Lift refers to something going up, which can happen by itself or due to an external force. What is lifting? Why is it lifted? How is it lifted? 　　This week"s topic: It lift... (90-110 words) 　　Suggestions: 　　1) lift on the airplane wing 　　2) lift the curtains 　　3) lift the display 　　4) lift one"s arms 　　5) Instead of writing a scenario, feel free to comment on the story below. 　　范例1： 　　As for the person he was looking at, Wolfe could only detect a very slight glint in the eyes, not sure if that was just his imagination, along with a tiny lift to the corner of his lips to acknowledge he was aware of the reporter"s presence. What"s with the attitude? Wolfe rolled his eyes internally. No doubt the eyes were beautiful, but Wolfe was definitely not fond of the expression he interpreted to be a smirk. The model acted as if he did not know Wolfe; Wolfe did just the same, acting completely indifferent. 英语话题作文 篇3 　　After going to the middle school, I have less time to play outside the school, because I always have a lot of homework to do. Though my leisure time is shorter, I still keep on after-class reading. Many years ago, my Chinese teacher introduced many classic books to us, I bought them and read them all, I fell in love with reading these books, I would be immerged in the stories. Reading these books helps me a lot, I have improved my writing skill. When I saw the topics, my mind will come out a lot of ideas, I have things to enrich my paper. What"s more, I also broaden my vision. 英语话题作文 篇4 　　我的偶像是姚明 　　I like Yao Ming very much who is the idol I like most. I like playing basketball and in my opinion, he is the best basketball player in China. When he started to play basketball in NBA, I was so excited that I saw the news about him everyday. When he performed well, I was really happy for him. When he did not, I hoped he could rearrange himself and did well in the next game. What"s more, his personalities attract me as well. He is kind-hearted and humorous. He always smiles and is kind to very body, even his opponents. Although he does not play basketball anymore, I still like him. I hope he can do well in other fields as well. 　　我非常喜欢姚明，他是我最喜欢的偶像。我喜欢打篮球，在我看来，他是中国最好的篮球运动员。当他开始在NBA打篮球，我太激动了，我每天都看关于他的消息。当他表现出色的时候，我真的很为他感到高兴。当他发挥不好时，我希望他能重新来振作起来，并在接下来的比赛中表现出色。更重要的是，他的个性吸引了我。他非常的善良和幽默。他总是微笑着面对一切，甚至他的.对手。虽然他不打篮球了，但我还是喜欢他。我希望他能做好在其他领域的事业。 英语话题作文 篇5 　　Do you often practice your English Writing? Why/ why not? 　　Do you like helping others? Why/ why not? Do you like watching movies in your spare time? Why/ why not? 　　Would you please say something about a place you have visited? 　　Can you say something about your favorite teacher? 　　What is the happiest thing in your life? Why? 英语话题作文 篇6 　　I m writing to discuss about whether our parents should accompany us studying at school. 　　We do have different opinions on this matter. Most of us think our parents should not accompany us studying at school since it make us fall into the habit of dependence, so that we won t form the good habit of studying. 　　What s more, it is harmful for us to form the habit of controlling ourselves. At the same time it affects our parents work, studies and rest.While about 30% of my classmates think it necessary for our parents to accompany us studying at school. Accompanying us studying at school can let us have more time to study. Besides, we shall be more healthy with their care. On the other hand our parents can help us set up our aim, urge us to finish our task, encourage us to overcome difficulties and get us into the good habit of studying. 　　我想讨论关于 父母有没有必要陪读 这个问题。 　　在这个问题上我们有不同的观点. 70%的同学认为父母不应当陪读，这样会使我们养成依赖的坏习惯，而不利于养成学习的好习惯，更严重的是，它不利于我们将来自控能力的培养;同时，它影响了父母的工作、学习和休息。30%的学生认为父母有必要陪读。陪读使我们有更多的时间学习，使我们的身体更健康;另一方面，陪读能帮助我们确立学习目标，督促我们完成学习任务，鼓励我们独立解决困难，养成良好的学习习惯。 英语话题作文 篇7 　　染色馒头the industrial dye of steamed bun 毒奶粉the notorious milk powder 　　It is universally acknowledged that the safety of food is closely related to our health. As the famous saying goes, “we are what we eat.” However, things often go contrary to our wishes since we are faced with a series of food safety problems at present, ranging from the industrial dye of steamed bun to the notorious milk powder. 　　There are several reasons for this severe problem. First and foremost, many manufactures produce fake food of poor quality in order to get higher profits. In addition, the relevant laws and regulations are imperfect and even ineffective. Last but not least, the public especially customers from poor families, are not alert enough to the safety of food. 　　In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken to improve the situation. Firstly, it is essential that relevant laws and regulations on food safety should be enforced. Secondly, the relevant department should attach more importance to supervising监督 the manufacturers. Also, the public should be trained to be alert to food quality, believing our efforts will make an enormous difference. Only by taking these actions can the problem be coped with successfully in the nearest future. 英语话题作文 篇8 　　I love eating ice-lolly, no matter in the hot summer or the cold winter. The feelings are so different eating ice-lolly in the two seasons. In summer, the weather is so hot that I don"t want to eat anything, except for the ice-lolly. I often buy a lot of ice-lollies in the refrigerater and I usually eat ten bars a day. When the ice water flow into the throat, I feel my whole world is icy and I feel that I am rescured from the hot day. However, in the cold winter, it"s so different. Eating ice-lolly in the cold winter will make you feel colder. When you eating, you would shake because of the coldness. It seems that you are frozen. But it"s the exciting feeling I like. 　　不管冬天夏天，我都喜欢吃冰棒，这两个季节吃感觉很不一样。夏天的时候，天气非常热，除了冰棒，我没胃口吃其他东西。我经常买很多放在冰箱里，一天吃十根。当冰水从喉咙流过，我感觉整个世界都冰凉了，我从大热天里解放出来了。而在冬天时，感觉就不同了，大冬天吃冰棒让你感觉更冷了，好像整个人都冰冻了，但这种刺激的感觉正是我喜欢的。 　　 英语话题作文 篇9 　　on saturday, i played football with some boys on the playground.when i ran to control the ball, i bumped into another boy. we both fell to the ground. his feet hit my right ankle. there was something hard on his shoes and it made my ankle bleeding. so i put a band-aid here after returning home. 　　星期六，我跟一些男孩在操场踢足球。当我跑去控球时，我和另一个男孩撞到一块，倒在地上。他的脚踢到了我的右脚踝。他的鞋上有种坚硬的东西使我的脚踝流血了。所以田家后我就贴了块创可贴。 英语话题作文 篇10 　　 such a promise种种承诺 　　when i first look at the car toon , i can"t help laughing at the hen who seems to be seriously making a foolis h announcement to the public that she always lays eggs , smooth and round and never without eggwhite and yolk in side the shell . howeve r , when i star t to study the car toon mor e ca refully , i find something significant in it and gradually i come to unde rstand the author"s intention . 　　nowadays , almost all tr ades and professions ar e r epeatedly making sincer e promises to people: government people assure that they a re noble and clean and will serve people hea rt and soulmer chants smilingly swear tha t the products they sell are of s uperior quality , genuine instead of false, life- time maintenance gua ranteed and the cheapest ma rket price; adver tisers take pains to r ecommend mir acle drugs and make-youbeautiful cosmetics , etc . year af ter year , s uch promises are repeated . i wonder why they t ake so much trouble to boast oudly about their obligations and duties . people believed them at first , but gradually became awakened becau se they have found some dishonesty in such bombing promises . 　　“actions speak louder than words .” the hen is foolish enough to make he r egg-promise, why shouldn"t those nonsense- maker s become cleve rer ? 　　 cet6六级作文结构分析： 　　· paragraph 1 — 　　* inte rpretation of the car toon 　　* my understanding 　　· paragraph 2 — 　　* promises made by all t r ades and professions 　　* awakening of the people 　　· paragraph 3 — 　　*“actions speak louder than word s .” 　　 --------------------------------------------------------- 　　 cet6六级作文内容分析： 　　本文是一篇漫画作文, 画的寓意是“各行各业的种种承诺本应是自身的职责, 却要大肆渲染, 无疑是多此一举”, 其愚蠢程度不亚于图中“ 母鸡下蛋的承诺”。这类题型必须把握其寓意( hidden meaning) , 方能切中主题。本文第一段用两句解释了 漫画, 其开头不落俗套, 文笔幽默。第二段切入主题, 例举各种“ 多此一举”的承诺, 笔调生动, 最后一句是有力的揭露。结尾段 中引用了一句成语并奉劝承诺者不要像母鸡那样愚蠢本题曾是一次考研写作题, 漫画取自于21 世纪报, 作者借题自行撰文。 　　 ----------------------------------------------------------- 　　 cet6六级作文万能句型： 　　car toon n . 漫画 　　can"t help + -ing 禁不住 　　lay eggs 下蛋 　　eggwhit e n . 蛋白 　　yolk n . 蛋黄 　　all t r ades and professions 各行各业 　　serve people hear t and soul 全心全意为人民服务 　　swear v . 发誓 　　superior quality 优质 　　genuine instead of false 真货而不是假货 　　life-time maintenance guarant eed 保证终身维修 　　take pains to + v . 费尽心思去 　　miracle drugs 神药 　　make-you-beautiful cosmetics “使你美”化妆品 　　year after year 年复一年 　　boast about 吹嘘 　　obligation n . 责职, 义务 　　dishonesty in such bombing promises 轰炸性的承诺中的欺骗 　　actions speak louder than words . 听其言更要观其行 　　nonsense-maker s 说废话者

意思是用英语写

B 试题分析：考查含蓄条件的虚拟语气。本题是一个含蓄的虚拟语气句，其条件是有介词短语but for表示出来。句意：要不是英语老师的帮助，我本不会在英语写作大赛里得到第一名。根据句意说明是对过去情况的说明，故使用“情态动词+have done”的形式。根据句意说明B正确。点评：含蓄条件的虚拟语气是通过介词短语but for, without，或者通过上下文的语义等表现出来。这里也要注意具体的时间的不同，如果是对过去情况的说明，使用“情态动词+have done”的形式。

　　来到一个陌生的地方时，我们往往需要进行适当的自我介绍，自我介绍是结识新朋友的重要手段。那么自我介绍有什么格式呢？下面是我收集整理的英语作文自我介绍，希望对大家有所帮助。 英语作文自我介绍1 　　Hello! My name is Peng Yanzhi, my first name is Yanzhi, my last name is Peng. I"m twelve years old , I"m in Class 8, Grade 7, Tongshenghu Expremental School now. I like English very much. I have a good friend, she is my new friend, her first name is Xing Yu, her last name is Zhang, she is very pure and funny. 　　I also like making friends. Do you want to be my friend ? 英语作文自我介绍2 　　hello. everyone! it is my honor to stand here. let me introduce myself. my name is xxx. i"m 12 years. i"m an outgong girl. i"m is class ___ grade ___. my favourite sport is running. running is good for our health. my hobby is riding bikes with my friengs. it"s very interesting. i hope i can ride is best! that"s me. do you like me? that"s all.thank you! 英语作文自我介绍3 　　Hello ,dear friends!My name is Tian Fang.I"m a girl form Liaoning.I"m twelve now.I"m twelve now.I"m a primary school student. 　　I have two big eyes,a small mouth ,two small ears and a big nose.I have short hair. I like English very much and I like Chinese,maths,too. 　　My favourite sports are volleyball and football.But I"m not good at football.My dream is to be a teacher.What about you ?Tell me,Ok? 英语作文自我介绍4 Hello： 　　My name is Martin. I am a boy. I am 9years old. I am in Class 8, Grade 3. I am tall and thin. 　　I like playing soccer ball and basketball. I like toeat hot dogs and hamburgers, 　　I am friendly. I have many friends. Do you wantto make friends with me? 英语作文自我介绍5 　　Hello,everyone!Nice to meet you !My name is -,I am fifteen years old .I am in class 197,- school.As you see,I am a boy(haha),I am not so tall and not so strong.But I like very sport,for example,I like playing bing-bong ball、basketball、football and so on.Not only I like sport,but also I like learning,like math、physics.I like reading .I want to be a Scientists.Thank you. 英语作文自我介绍6 　　I"m a boy from Taishan.My name is Ken wu.And I like reading books,playing volleyball ,swimming and wacthing TV.I"m good at English writing and swiming.I"m so happy that I can study here with all my new friends.Our school is famouse and our teachers are very friendly.I will enjoy my life here.This is me,easy-going and friendly.Thankyou . 英语作文自我介绍7 　　My name is ... I was xx years old.I am a senior high school student.I am good at surfing online. 　　My hobby is widespread,such as reading,listening to music, playing basketball.I am young，bright，energetic with strong study-ambition.I have good presentation skills and positive active mind essential.My future is to be a teacher.I hope I can make more children acquire knowledge 英语作文自我介绍8 　　My hometown is Guangxi Yulin which lies in the south of China. I study in Luchuan High school and I"m in grade 2.Our campus is very beautiful and there are much charming view. 　　我的`家乡是广西玉林坐落在中国的南方。我在陆川高中学习,我在二年级。我们的校园非常美丽,有很多迷人的景色。 　　I study hard every day and I wish to go abroad for further education.I have some hobbies such as basketball,tennis,swimming and so on.I like making friends with others. 　　我每天都努力学习,我希望出国深造。我有一些爱好,比如篮球,网球,游泳等等。我喜欢与别人交朋友。 英语作文自我介绍9 　　My name is ChenJunyu.Chen is family name and Junyu is given name.My English is Tom I"m cute boy. I"m thirteen years old. I"m from Meishijie Yongchun Fujian China. My Telephone number is 2388-2377. I have a big head,small eyes and wide mouth. Do you want to be my friend! 英语作文自我介绍10 　　Hello,everyone!（大家好！）My name is Deng Shengjie.(我的名字是杜圣洁。）I am 12.(我12岁）I am a optimistic girl.(我是一个开朗的女孩）My study is good（我成绩优秀），and I am get along very well with my classmates.(并且我同我的同学们相处得很好）I have many hobbies. (我有许多爱好）I like listening to music and reading books,(我喜欢听音乐和看书）but I like English best.(但是我最喜欢英语）I hope everybody to like me.（我希望大家能喜欢我） 　　Thank you！（谢谢！） 英语作文自我介绍11 　　My hobbies are listening to music and reading. I like pop music very much. I dislike sports because I"m not strong. It"s hard for me. 　　我的爱好是听音乐和阅读。我非常喜欢流行音乐。我不喜欢运动因为我不够强壮。这对我来说是困难的。 　　I have a happy family, a beautiful school and many nice friends. I enjoy every day. 　　我有一个幸福的家庭,一个漂亮的学校和许多好朋友，我享受每一天。 英语作文自我介绍12 　　my name is gui chun zi，my english name is annabelle；im elven years old 。 im a lively girl 。i like reading good books and play computer games. my favorite color is purple and pink. i like eat hanburger and fruit 。i dont like eat lobster. so i refuse eat lobster 。 　　whats your name？how old are you? lets be good friends! 英语作文自我介绍13 　　Hello ! My name is qu xue wen ,I"m a girl. I like eat apples bananas and Oranges. I like play computer games.I"m tall but me is very fat.I have very big eyes,A small nose and a small mouth.My math is very good.I"m 13 years old.I like read books.I ride my bike go to school. 　　This is me.Do you like me? 　　你好！我叫曲雪雯，我是个女孩。我喜欢吃苹果香蕉和橙子。我喜欢玩电脑游戏。我很高，但我很胖。我有一双大大的眼睛，小小的鼻子和一张小小的嘴。我数学很好。我13岁。我喜欢读书。我骑脚踏车上学。 　　这就是我。你喜欢我么？ 英语作文自我介绍14 　　my name is gui chun zi , my english name is annabelle ; im elven years old . im a lively girl .i like reading good books and play computer games. my favorite color is purple and pink. i like eat hanburger and fruit .i dont like eat lobster. so i refuse eat lobster . 　　whats your name ? how old are you? lets be good friends!

　　无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家一定都接触过作文吧，写作文是培养人们的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力的重要手段。还是对作文一筹莫展吗？以下是我整理的英语话题作文3篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。 英语话题作文 篇1 　　Topics 01 　　Prompt: 　　That which we obtain too easily, we esteem too lightly. It is dearness only which gives everything its value. Thomas Paine 　　Assignment: 　　Do we value only what we struggle for? Plan your response, and then write an essay to explain your views on this issue. Be sure to support your position with specific points and examples. 　　Topics 02 　　Prompt: 　　If we are afraid to reveal our lack of knowledge we will not be able to learn. In order to make progress we must admit where we are now. Such an admission of ignorance is not easy. As Thoreau says, How can we remember our ignorance which our growth requires, when we are using our knowledge all the time? 　　Assignment: 　　Does the present system of education encourage us to admit our lack of knowledge, or is there too much pressure to demonstrate the acquisition of knowledge? Plan your response... 　　Topics 03 　　Prompt: 　　A little inaccuracy saves a world of explanation.C.E.Ayers 　　Assignment: 　　Is it always essential to tell the truth, or are there circumstances in which it is better to lie? Plan your response... 　　Topics 04 　　Prompt: 　　Many societies believe that the pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human right. But it is also true that attainment of happiness remains elusive. Perhaps Bertrand Russell had it right when he said, To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness. 英语话题作文 篇2 　　Would you please tell us something about your favorite singer(s)? 　　What animal do you like best? Why? How do you practice your oral English? Which scientist do you like best? Why? 　　Which do you like best, Chinese food or western food? Why? 　　How do you like to celebrate your birthday? Can you tell us something about your hobby? 　　What kind of school activities do you like best? Why? 英语话题作文 篇3 　　The Joys Of Learning English 　　Some of my friends are puzzled that I have chosen English as my major to have a further study in college.They believe that their majors like electronic machinery and civil engineering are hopefully promising and that my choice,learning English is not wise .I, however,think English Study has brought me rewards , including practical use andainner satisfaction. 　　One obvious reward of learning English is practical use .I firstly have more opportunities to open up my new horizon in daily life . Spending much more time in learning it enables me to view popular English TV shows or read some English periodicals and classics . That spurs me to know more about something western , like lifestyles or thinking patterns ,by which , my knowledge reserves and horizon naturally are expanded . English study also is an advantageous skill for career development .With the encrease in cost of filling the vacant positions ,many foreign employers are more willing to hire a technical talent mastering English rather than spend more money on hiring a technical talent and an English one . Learning English Clearly gives a great advantage of getting a job. 　　More important , Learning English is joyful because the inner satisfaction it gives .I felt excited and fulfilled when I figured out the beauty of a word or true intention of the author .Two weeks ago ,I was asked to finish an English writing about an emotion .I did not do well in the first two times , although I employed all my energies in it .When my teacher reminded me to pay attention to one word “emotion ”, I leaped to a conclusion that I just narrated an event rather than described an emotion . I finally did an excellent revised manuscript. That improvement in English study made me attain a sense of satisfaction although it was a small step in learning it. 　　Some people may think English study wastes much time and energy and is barely useful .In fact , I am pleased with English study in that it is useful in daily life now and my future career , and most of all , it gives me a inner satisfaction .

i don"t know!

是阅读理解题吗？ 购物【话题解读】本话题是谈论购物。使学生了解购物的途径，尤其现在流行并且时尚的网络购物，学会和售货员打交道，谈生意，通过比较质量和价格，买到货真价实、称心如意的商品。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读小短文理解大意，从短文中归纳出所购产品的出处、性能、价格以及购物步骤。目的是培养学生实际购物尤其网上购物的能力。这就要求学生在日常生活中多注意，多观察父母或他人如何购物，然后走进市场或网络，进行现场购物。 【阅读训练】A主题：本文讲述了小作者与妈妈一起购买衣服的经历。体裁：记叙文 词数：89 难度系数：★★ 建议阅读时间：3分钟Today I go to Mr Cool"s Clothes Store with my mother. You can buy shirts, pants, shorts...in this store. It has lots of T-shirts for boys and girls. Some of are nice and they are not expensive. I also see some skirts. I like them very much. They are in black, green, and white. I meet my English teacher Mr Liu in the store. He is Mr Cool"s friend. With his help, my mother buys a white T—shirt and black skirt for only 50 yuan. We"re very happy. 根据短文内容选出正确的答案( ) 1. I go shopping with today. A. my mother B. my teacher C. my father( ) 2. There are many for boys and girls in the store. A. skirts B. shorts C. T—shirts( ) 3. Some of the T—shirts are nice and . A. expensive B. cheap C. big( ) 4. Mr Cool"s friend. A. I am B. My mother is C.My English teacher is( ) 5. With help, my mother buys a white T—shirt and a black skirt. A. my B. Mr Cool"s C. My English teacher"sB主题： 某个音像店进行了冬季促销活动，对所有的光碟进行了大降价，赶快去看一下吧！体裁：广告词 词数：93 难度系数：★★★ 建议阅读时间：4分钟The Video Shop"s Winter Sale (大减价) on every CD,VCD and DVD, POP MUSIC, ROCK, JAZZ, DISCO, COUNTRY& MOVIESue608LIST PRICE SALE PRICE$ 9.5 $ 8.9$ 11 $ 9.5$ 13.9 $ 11.2Sale starts on December 22 and ends on December 30.No telephone or e-mail orders(订购)during the sale.Open hours: Monday to Friday 9∶00 am to 8∶00 pm Saturday to Sunday 10∶00 am to 6∶00 pmAddress: 108 Culture Street根据短文内容选出正确的答案（ ）1. The shop _______. A. sells CDs only B. is having a sale on everything C. is having a sale on CD, VCD and DVD D. is closed（ ）2. ______are on sale. A. Only rock CDs B. Only jazz and country DVD C. Only movies VCDs D. All of them（ ）3. You may pay $8.90 for a music CD on December 22. How much should you pay for the same CD on November 30th? A. $ 8.90. B. $ 0.60. C. $ 9.50. D. We don"t know.（ ）4. Which of the following is TRUE? A. You should go to the shop for the CDs, VCDs and DVDs by yourself. B. You can make a phone call to order the things you want. C. You can order（订购） through Internet. D. You can write a letter to order CDs or something.（ ）5. You can buy CDs _____ . A. at 8 am Thursday evening B. at any time from Monday to Sunday C. at 8 o"clock Saturday morning D. at 8 o"clock Sunday evening C主题：向人们推荐一种新的购物方式---网上购物。体裁：说明文 词数：92 难度系数：★★★ 建议阅读时间：3分钟My friends, when you want to buy something, where will you go? To the supermarket or other places?Here is a new way to go shopping. This is online shopping. It is easy and quick for you to go shopping online. Just click your mouse (鼠标), then you can choose what you like. You needn"t come out of your room. At the same time, the goods are nice and cheap here.Please try it. It may be an interesting experience! And it will even be a part of your life. 根据短文内容完成下列各题1. shopping is a new way to go shopping. 2. It is and quick for you to go shopping online.3. You needn"t come of your room if you go shopping online. 4. At the same time, the goods are nice and not here.5. Online shopping may be an interesting !D主题：本文介绍了家附近的一家大商店的情况，从出售的商品到营业时间及服务态度都做了说明。体裁：说明文 词数：115 难度系数：★★★ 建议阅读时间：4分钟 There is a big shop near my home. It sells a lot of things. From the shop I can buy many school things, like pens, pencils, rulers, erasers and exercise-books. I can also buy some food and drink, like cakes, apples, bananas and oranges. The shop is open from 9:00 in the morning to 20:00 in the evening every day. People in the shop are very friendly. I can buy things on my way home. I often help my father and mother buy things in the shop. My father wants to buy a fridge. I find a very good fridge. It is big, but it is not dear. It"s 1800 yuan. We like it very much.根据短文内容选出正确的答案( ) 1.The shop is . A. near my home B. near my school C. very far ( ) 2.The shop is open . A. in the morning B. every day C. in the afternoon( ) 3. I often help buy things in the shop. A. my mother B. my father C. my father and mother( ) 4.The shop is open for about hours. A. nine B. eleven C. twenty( ) 5. Te word “dear” means . A. cheap B. good C. expensive E主题：讲述了威尔逊夫人为了贪图物品价格便宜去一家超市购物，却不料打的费用超出了购物省下的钱，真是得不偿失啊!体裁：记叙文 词数：174 难度系数：★★★★ 建议阅读时间：5分钟One day Mrs Wilson took Trudy and Ben to go shopping. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping mall (购物中心).“Why do you buy things here, Mum?” Truly asked.“Because they are cheaper than those at the corner store.”Mrs Wilson said. “Help me check (检查)the prices.”The Wilson were not wealthy (富有的) and Mrs Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought some groceries (杂货) in the supermarket.When they got home, the children said, “We don"t think you saved money by going to the supermarket there.”“Of course I did.” Said Mrs Wilson, “everything was cheap there.”“We know,” said the children,” but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The cost (花费)of the taxi was more than the money you saved!”Mrs Wilson added everything up and found her children were right.“Well done,” she said, “next time we will do shopping near our home.”根据短文内容判断下列句子的正（T）误（F） ( ) 1. One day Mrs Wilson took Trudy and Ben to the supermarket in the new shopping mall.（ ）2. The things in the supermarket are cheaper than those at the corner store ( ) 3. Mrs Wilson saved money by going to the supermarket there. ( ) 4. They came home by taxi because they wanted to save money. ( ) 5. The Wilson were so poor that Mrs Wilson was always careful with her money.(F)Sang Lan May Appear in Pingpong Games Twenty-two-year-old Chinese woman gymnast Sang Lan, who broke her neck at Goodwill Games in 1998, has lately expressed the desire to take up table tennis as her second sport profession and hopes to take part in 2008 Paralympic Games. “I will return to competition in 2008. A gold medal in Beijing Olympics is all I want.” Sang said. In the past Paralymic Games, those who have lost their hands still have the ability to play with an arm. So long as she has the will to take up pingpong games, according to Sang Lan, she may join in like matches with opponents of her same grade, according to Paralympic medical classification. 1. What sport did Sang Lan play before? A. tennis B. table tennis C. gymnastics D. pingpong2. Why didn"t she go on her sport profession? A. Because she found pingpong more interesting. B. Because she didn"t like it any more. C. Because she will take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. D. Because she broke her neck and couldn"t play any more. 3. The Paralympic Games is ____. A. the Olympic Games for people with no hands B. the Olympic Games for people with disabilities(残疾). C. held in Beijing in 2008 D. liked by Sang Lan 4. SangLan hopes _____. A. to get better soon B. to take part in 2008 Beijing Olympics C. to take part in 2008 Paralympic Games. D. to play at Goodwill Games again5. Which of the following sentence is true? A. Snag Lan broke her neck at the Olympic Games in 1998. B. Sang Lan has taken up table tennis. C. Sang Lan will win a gold medal in Beijing Olympics D. Sang Lan may join in like matches with opponents of her same grade. 【本周盘点】我的成绩： 我的收获做对（个） 单词 做错（个） 短语 错误原因 经典句式 改进决策 阅读方法 【英语万花筒】1. A man without money is no man at all. 一分钱难倒英雄汉。2. Even reckoning makes long friends. 亲兄弟，明算账。3. Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。4. Time is money. 时间就是金钱。【答案与评析】答案与解析 A篇【内容提要】主要讲述了与妈妈一起去购物的经历。介绍了服装店的情况，并遇见了英语老师，在老师的帮助下，妈妈买到了合适的服装。1. A【解析】由文中的一句可知是和妈妈去购物。2. C【解析】细节判断题。由第三句It has lots of T—shirts for boys and girls可知。3. B【解析】词义理解题。根据Some of are nice and they are not expensive.且not expensive为cheap之意。4. C【解析】由此句I meet my English teacher Mr Liu in the store. He is Mr Cool"s friend.可知。5. C【解析】逻辑推理题。由于前面说到遇见了英语老师，接着说在他的帮助下，故可推出是在老师的帮助下。 B篇【内容提要】本文主要介绍了某个音像店进行了冬季促销活动，对所有的光碟进行了大降价，在广告词中对商品的价格、时间、商店地址等进行了说明。1. C 【解析】 细节判断题。由广告词的第一句话The Video Shop"s Winter Sale (大减价) on every CD,VCD and DVD,可知。2. D【解析】细节判断题。由广告词的第一句话The Video Shop"s Winter Sale (大减价) on every CD,VCD and DVD, ROCK, JAZZ, DISCO, COUNTRY& MOVIES可知。3. C【解析】综合理解题。由降价的时间及降价前后的商品价格表可知，在十二月二十二日块卖8.9美元的商品在降价前是卖9.5美元，可知应选C。4. A【解析】 语句理解题。根据此句No telephone or e-mail orders(订购)during the sale.可知应选A。5. A 【解析】细节判断题。此题是考查对时间的理解，根据四个选项句意及短文中的时间可知只有A正确。 C篇【内容提要】本文主要向人们推荐网上购物，介绍了网上购物的好处以及对网上购物未来的展望。1.【解析】根据第二段一二句可知答案是online，且第一个字母需大写。2.【解析】由文中第二段第三句可知答案是easy。3.【解析】由第二段第五句You needn"t come out of your room.可知答案是out。4.【解析】由第二段最后一句At the same time, the goods are nice and cheap here. 再由由于cheap即not expensive. 故答案是expensive.5.【解析】由第三段第二句可知答案是experience. D篇【内容提要】本文主要介绍了自己家附近的一家大商店。详细说明了出售的商品、营业时间及服务态度和自己的购物情况。1. A 【解析】由短文第一句There is a big shop near my home.可知。2. B【解析】细节判断题。由The shop is open from 9:00 in the morning to 20:00 in the evening every day.可知是说营业是每天从早上九点到下午八点。3. C【解析】由第二段第四句I often help my father and mother buy things in the shop.可知。 4. B【解析】简单计算题。根据本句The shop is open from 9:00 in the morning to 20:00 in the evening every day.计算可知。 5. C【解析】词义理解题。根据前面提到好冰箱并且很大，而又由but转折推出“不贵”。 E篇【内容提要】本文主要讲述了威尔逊夫人领着两个孩子去一家超市购物，商品倒是比其他商店便宜，但是经过孩子们的计算，她们回家乘出租车的费用却超出了购物省下的钱。1. T【解析】根据首段可知此句正确。2. T【解析】由第三段答语“Because they are cheaper than those at the corner store.”可知。3. F【解析】由文中The cost (花费)of the taxi was more than the money you saved!可知没省钱。4. F【解析】根据文中we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry可知不正确。5. T【解析】词义理解题。由句子The Wilson were not wealthy (富有的) and Mrs Wilson was always careful with her money. 中not wealthy 意思就是poor, 故正确。F.CDBCB

　　在我们平凡的日常里，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，通过作文可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。你所见过的作文是什么样的呢？下面是我收集整理的高三英语作文7篇，希望对大家有所帮助。 高三英语作文 篇1 　　early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. now the dream has come true. but how do we college students like our campus life? 　　certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. in their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. the only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder. 　　as to me, college life is ideal if only i have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me company, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the internet. 　　早在高中，我们就渴望进入大学。现在梦想成真了。但是我们大学生喜欢我们的校园生活吗？ 　　当然，有些人喜欢它，觉得它丰富多彩，很有回报。除了学习，他们还花了大量的时间在各个方面提高自己。然而，其他人对他们的大学生活不怎么重视，因此也没有那么多的益处。在他们看来，这所大学只是一所更大的高中。唯一的区别是，他们有更多的时间可以自由支配，而父母则不必回头看。 　　对我来说，大学生活是理想的，只要我有大量的书可以阅读，一些知心朋友可以陪伴我，一些认真的教授可以指导我，以及容易上网。 高三英语作文 篇2 　　I love to travel the world.Through all my travels I have seen many grand sights and sounds,and every one of them was unforgettable. 　　However,of all the places I"ve seen,the city of Hong Kong left the deepest impression in my mind. 　　It was an wonderful experience seeing a city so close yet so different. 　　Hong Kong with its mixture of different peoples from different backgrounds is a change from my hometown,its impressive high rise buildings and the kindness of it inhabitants were awe-inspiring. 　　The city lights at night rivaled any fireworks display I"ve ever seen. 　　My time there has shown that we as citizens of the planet can indeed come together,live in peace and through our combined effort achieve great things. 高三英语作文 篇3 　　As is shown in the above pictures, one woman is at the mercy of fate and has no desire to charge it, while the other tells herself that she must do something to change it. 　　From the two pictures, we can safely draw the conclusion that what really counts is what you think and whether you are willing to take action to make a change or not. The first woman is a typical example of those who have a negative attitude towards their life. They tend to be losers in the competition with the fate, which maes them in a worse condition. So, I prefer to be the second woman who can bravely have a try to fight with destiny. They have a tendency to succeed and have something bright in store for them. 　　As far as I am concerned, there is no denying that it may cost a lot if we wait rather than do something meaningful. Believe in yourself and just have a try! 高三英语作文 篇4 　　Dear JasonI want to take part in the English Speech,which is “An Unforgettable Experience in High School”.So I do hope that you can give me some suggestions about myartical.As I am concerned,I shouldpay attention to the writing of my English.Andsometimes my vocabulary is not perfect.Due to these problems.I want your suggestions about how to improve my English Writing Standards.Because of the date of the Speech is this Sunday,so I hope you can give me themessage on Wednesday morning.Through the time is not enough,I can still make itwell.If you give me suggestions,I will appreciate you very much.I am looking forward your early reply. 高三英语作文 篇5 　　I have a happy family. There are my father, my mother, my brother and I. 　　My father works a long way from home. And my mother is a housewife. My brother is a student who studies in the school. 　　In a word, my family is full of happiness. 高三英语作文 篇6 　　How time flies!This is the last year I have been studying at high school and the entrance examination for college is drawing near.Having seen off the summer vacation,I must face up to the new term for the beginning of the Third Grade,senior.Saying goes that a good beginning is half done,so I should pay close attention to the study program for the first two months,September and October.Firstly I should concentrate my attention upon the major subject.Besides,some of my weak points in certain of the subjects should be paid more respects.The most important is that I cannot ignore taking exercises in the least.The next year will be my life turning point.At the end of the next term,I am to graduate from school.I want to further myself on XX specialty,and I"m going to register myself for the examination to XX University.Therefor,I must get ready for the target. 高三英语作文 篇7 　　ronaldo luiz nazario de lima was born on 22 september 1976 in a poor suburb of rio de janeiro. like most of his childhood friends, ronaldo began his soccer career playing barefoot in the streets of his neighborhood. at the age of 14, he joined soccer club and only two years later became the star of cruzeiro belo horizonte scoring a total of 58 goals in 60 matches and earning himself a reputation for his explosive pace and outstanding finishing skills. his goal-scoring record and unusual agility led him to be included in the brazilian world cup winning team the following year. after the world cup, many top european football clubs were trying to sign him. many people, including brazilian football legend pelé, referred to him as the most promis footballer of his generation. 　　since his transfer to dutch team psv eindhoven, ronaldo s biography is one of success after success. two copa américa s, a uefa cup, a dutch cup, a spanish league cup, and two awards as best player in the world, all in the space of two years, are some of ronaldo s impressive achievements. on arrival to inter-milan in 1997, ronaldo became the idol of the local fans who refer to him as "il venomous." 　　since the 98 world cup he has suffered two serious knee injuries that have severely limited his appearances. just when people began to wonder whether ronaldo would be able to continue with his football career, he proved to the world that he still could play. in the world cup held in korea and japan, the magical striker won the golden shoe award and tied pele s brazilian record for career world cup goals with 12. he helped brazil capture its fifth world cup championship on june 30 with a 2-0 win over germany. it was the third time that ronaldo has ever played in the world cup. 　　译文 　　路易斯-罗纳尔多是在1976年9月22日出生在一个贫穷的郊区里约热内卢。像他的大多数童年朋友，罗纳尔多在街道上赤脚踢球，开始了他的足球生涯。14岁时，他加入了圣克里斯托旺足球俱乐部，仅仅两年后成为克鲁塞罗斯贝洛的明星。在60场比赛总进球58个，他的速度和出色的技巧为他自己赢得了声誉。他的进球纪录和不寻常的能力让他入选巴西国家队参加世界杯。世界杯结束之后的一年，许多欧洲顶级足球俱乐部试图签下他。许多人，包括巴西足球传奇人物贝利，称他是同代人中最有希望的球员。 　　自从转会到荷兰的.埃因霍温队，罗纳尔多是一次次的胜利。两次是在哥斯达黎加，一次欧洲足协联盟杯冠军，一次荷兰杯冠军，西班牙联赛杯，两次获得世界最佳球员奖，在短短两年内，都是罗纳尔多实现了成功。在1997年国际米兰，罗纳尔多被当地球迷称为“奇才”。 　　98年世界杯之后，他经历了两次严重的膝伤已经严重限制了他的比赛。当人们开始怀疑罗纳尔多将能够继续他的足球生涯中，他向全世界证明他仍然可以发挥。在韩国和日本举行的世界杯上，这位神奇的前锋获得金靴奖，并列贝利创造的12世界杯进球纪录职业生涯。在六月三十日第五届世界杯中，他帮助巴西队以2:0战胜德国成为冠军。这是罗纳尔多第三次参加世界杯。

Secondary education in the United StatesAs part of education in the United States, secondary education usually covers grades 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 through 12.Junior and senior high schoolMiddle school and Junior high school are any school intermediate between elementary school and senior high school. It usually includes sixth, seventh and eighth grade; for "Junior high", ninth grade. Middle school is often used instead of junior high school when demographic factors increase the number of younger students. At this time, students are given more independence as choosing their own classes. Usually, starting in ninth grade, grades become part of a student"s official transcript. Future employers or colleges may want to see steady improvement in grades and a good attendance record on the official transcript. Therefore, students are encouraged to take much more responsibility for their education.Senior high school is a school attended after junior high school. High school is often used instead of senior high school and distinguished from junior high school.Basic curricular structureGenerally, at the high school level, students take a broad variety of classes without special emphasis in any particular subject. Curricula vary widely in quality and rigidity; for example, some states consider 65 (on a 100-point scale) a passing grade, while others consider it to be as low as 60 or as high as 75.The following subjects are fairly universally required in the United States:Science (usually two years minimum, normally biology, chemistry and physics) Mathematics (usually two years minimum, normally including algebra, geometry, algebra II, and/or precalculus/trigonometry) English (usually four years minimum, including literature, humanities, etc) Social Science (usually three years minimum, including various history, government/economics courses) Physical education (at least one year) Many states require a "health" course in which students learn about anatomy, nutrition, first aid, sexuality, and birth control. Anti-drug use programs are also usually part of health courses. In many cases, however, options are provided for students to "test out" or complete independent study to meet this requirement. Foreign language and some form of art education are also a mandatory part of the curriculum in some schools.ElectivesMany high schools offer a wide variety of Elective courses, although the availability of such courses depends upon each particular school"s financial resources and desired curriculum emphases.Common types of electives include:Visual arts (drawing, sculpture, painting, photography, film) Performing arts (drama, band, chorus, orchestra, dance) Technology education ("Shop"; woodworking, metalworking, automobile repair, robotics) Computers (word processing, programming, graphic design) Athletics (cross country, football, baseball, basketball, track and field, swimming, tennis, gymnastics, water polo, soccer, wrestling, cheerleading, Volleyball, lacrosse, ice hockey, field hockey, boxing, skiing/snowboarding) Publishing (journalism/student newspaper, yearbook/annual, literary magazine) Foreign languages (Spanish, French are common; Chinese, Latin, Greek, German, Italian, Arabic, and Japanese are less common)Junior Reserve Officers" Training Corps Advanced coursesMany high schools provide Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. These are special forms of honors classes where the curriculum is more challenging and lessons more aggressively paced than standard courses. AP or IB courses are usually taken during the 11th or 12th grade of high school.Most post-secondary institutions take AP or IB exam results into consideration in the admissions process. Because AP and IB courses are intended to be the equivalent of the first year of college courses, post-secondary institutions may grant unit credit, which enables students to graduate early. Other institutions use examinations for placement purposes only: students are exempted from introductory course work but may not receive credit towards a concentration, degree, or core requirement. Institutions vary in the selection of examinations they accept and the scores they require to grant credit or placement, with more elite institutions tending to accept fewer examinations and requiring higher scoring. The lack of AP, IB, and other advanced courses in impoverished inner-city high schools is often seen as a major cause of the greatly differing levels of post-secondary education these graduates go on to receive, compared with both public and private schools in wealthier neighborhoods.Also, in states with well-developed community college systems, there are often mechanisms by which gifted students may seek permission from their school district to attend community college courses full-time during the summer, and part-time during the school year. The units earned this way can often be transferred to one"s university, and can facilitate early graduation. Early college entrance programs are a step further, with students enrolling as freshmen at a younger-than-traditional age. 摘自维基

答案：It takes a long time to improve．这里是说客观事实用一般现在时，表示做某事花时间，用it takes sb+时间+to do sth，很长时间a long time，提高用及物动词improve，故答案是It takes a long time to improve．

Each person"s study method is dissimilar, but English can learn the human certainly likes English. Some people like English are because they thought that study English is useful, some people want to make the translation, some people want to be the diplomat, some people want to go abroad to study…Certainly more people have not chosen, have to want to study. I want to say to you that in the choice situation, you only has not been able to choose faces directly, defeats it. In the study English"s process, you will discover many pleasure. (English joke, accesses the net for the world"s the person to chat, specially plays Lian Wang to play…). Below lecture of my attainment. Hoped that has the help to you. 1. study English is must depend accumulates over a long period of time, today has studied several words, two days have forgotten. If you can the booth leave the time to come every day " to bump " English, the effect must be colored than for several days you to attack must be much better. I said " bump " may read the news, reads the novel, listens to the broadcast, makes the practice, keeps a diary and so on. 2. do not choose the too difficult reading material 0.1 articles, as soon as seems is the unknown character, suggested that you trade one, the degree are moderate. 3. cannot meet the word, leaves first is looking up in a dictionary anxiously, jumps over, looked those words perhaps that words, have then turned head, guesses its meaning according to the context. The word similarly, with different phrase matching, has the different meaning. Suggested that do not isolate record the word. Records the phrase for example: look, look, look into, look forward, look out… the 4. practice creates sentences to start, then writes a small paragraph, likely keeps a diary such. I when school teaching, just started, frequently lets the child create sentences, after they make the sentence, I looked very earnestly, the appreciation looked. Simultaneously also helps them to point out the insufficiency. By the person appreciation is a very happy matter. In my class"s children create sentences to regard one kind to enjoy. “Please, please, can we make some more sentences today? “now, they very little have created sentences, because they may write the small story, they may use the pen to express their innermost feelings feeling perhaps the description see the thing. What change is they to English writing hobby. 5. saw the good phrase, the sentence may take down them. Can others" essence to own work in be the intelligent action gently ingeniously. 6. studied English to use, did not need to be equal to white study. Talks with schoolmate, chats with the net friend perhaps is you exercises English with the pen pal correspondence exchange the good opportunity. in brief, suits own method is the best method. Hoped that nearby you studies, tried to find out. One realized. believed that you can learn English. 1.学习英文是要靠日积月累的,今天学了几个单词,过两天就忘了.如果你能每天都摊出时间来"碰"英文,效果要比你花几天时间突击要好得多.我说的"碰"可以是看新闻,看小说,听广播,做练习,写日记等. 2.不要选太难的读物.一篇文章,一看上去都是生字,建议你换一篇,程度适中的. 3.遇到不懂的单词,先别急着查字典,跳过去,看完那句话或是那段话,再回过头来,根据上下文来猜一下它的意思.同样的单词,跟不同的词组搭配,就有不同的意思.建议你还是不要孤立记单词.记词组如:look at, look after, look into, look forward, look out... 4.练习造句开始,接着写些小段落,就象写日记那样.我在学校教书,刚开始时,经常让小朋友造句,他们造好句子后,我很认真地看,欣赏地看.同时也帮助他们指出不足.被人欣赏是件很高兴的事.我班上的小朋友把造句当成一种享受."Please, please, can we make some more sentences today?"现在,他们很少造句了,因为他们可以写小故事,他们可以用笔去表达他们的内心感受或是描述所见事物.没有改变的是他们对英文写作的爱好. 5.看到好的短语,句子可以把它们记下.能够把别人的精华巧妙地柔和到自己的作品里是聪明之举. 6.学了英文就要用,不用就等于白学.跟同学对话,跟网友聊天或是跟笔友书信交流都是你锻炼英文的好机会. 总之,适合自己的方法就是最好的方法.希望你边学习,边摸索.自己体会. 相信你能把英文学好的. 加油！！

Dear Ricky,Thank you for your email. Your photos and reading materials are well received.You look very nice on the photos. Did you go to the Niagara Falls. The scenery is so beautiful there. The reading materials are very suitable for me. It"s very helpful to improve my English. I"m busy preparing for the Final Exam. Hope to see you soon during the winter holidays. Best wishes,Yours,WuMing

教育部规定对内使用的毕业证不使用英语书写，只用汉语书写。与国际通行的技能（职业）等级证书需要使用英语书写相关内容。

cosplay比较狭义的解释是模仿、装扮虚拟世界的角色，也被称为角色扮演。由此，在网络上衍生出了新的含义，往往被用来形容“假扮某类人的人”。 　　　从某种意义上说，cosplay（一般都说cos）在网络上的衍生含义，是个贬义词。　 　　顾名思义，cosplay是英文costume play的简略写法，其动词为cos，而玩cosplay的人则一般被称为coser[也称cosplayer]。从一般意义上来说的cosplay最早的中文译名是出自台湾，意思是指角色扮演。但因为这种译法与游戏中的role play game(rpg)同为角色扮演之意，所以为免雷同，笔者更倾向于另一种译法--服饰装扮。以现今的cosplay而言，其形式及内容一般是指利用服装、小饰品、道具以及化装来扮演acg(anime、comic、game)中的角色或是一些日本视觉系乐队以及电影中的某些人物，从这里可以看出在定位上cosplay包含了相当广阔的发挥空间，甚至可以说只要是有cosplayer在的地方，这一领域便绝对就是当今青少年流行文化的主流。1.2 COSPLAY词汇　　Costume(名词)=某一角色的装束，服装。 　　Costume(动词)=制衣。 　　Costumer=穿着与某人物相似的人，与cosplayer差不多。 　　cosplay-起源：一个由Nov.Takahashi提出的，英语“CostumePlay”的简写。他的这一灵感源于在美国旧金山的国际化妆舞会，并且由于他在日本“MyAnime”杂志上发表的文章(1982年)中表示的对cosplay的热情，引发了1982-83年日本的cosplay运动。虽然cosplay并非起源于日本，但美国现在的cosplay却受了日本cosplay很大的影响。 　　cosplay(名词)=穿着有关动漫人物的服饰。 　　cosplay(动词)=穿上有关动漫人物的服饰。 　　cosplayer=穿着Costume的人。 　　Crossplay(动词)=cosplay的一部分：在cosplay中扮演异性。 　　Crossplayer=在cosplay中扮演异性的人。

C in her class是在她的班级里做比较，应该是最高级的形式。擅长于的最高级，固用at.

绝对原创，这是我在一次考试中写的，不知道行不行

第一句是说“用英语交谈”介词用in，第二句是说谈话的内容，介词用about（talking不是taking）at fast是“一开始”do like this是“这样做”

手写的英文字体有如下：1、Copperplate——铜板印刷体18、19世纪流行的字体，如今常用在婚礼请帖上。特点是优雅而连贯的行笔（elegant and cursive writing style），优美圆润。《独立宣言》就是用这个字体印刷的。2、Italic——意大利体起源于意大利，字母瘦长（lean），向右倾斜（slant to the right），容易辨认（legible）。英文字帖，出现最多的就是意大利斜体，初中学写连笔英文也是以它为标准的。3、Uncial——安瑟尔字体起源于中世纪的欧洲。特点是字母都不连着，一个个圆圆滚滚的。4、Spencerian——斯宾塞体这个字体1850-1925年间在美国流行，字母间空隙较大，呈椭圆形，极为优雅华丽。5、Gothic——哥特体也称为Blackhand或Old English。产生于中世纪（Middle Ages），在文艺复兴（Renaissance）时广泛使用。

更新1: Dear diary Today really was a bad day. At first I went to school joyfully like usual. However when the lessons were started all the things were changed. 更新2: The first lesson was English and you know I am poor in English. At the beginning Miss Honey told us the result of the lastly dictation and said that there was a student failed. I knew that was me even she still hadn"t passed to us and of course it was. 更新3: When I got the result I wanted to cry but I didn"t do it because I didn"t want my clas *** ates know my poor result and sympathy me. I wanted cry was not just about the result. Do you know that I have already spent 8 hours to revise? 更新4: I even spelled the words that she didn"t teach. But what left? What I got was a poor result which hurt me a lot. Is the world fair? A little girl tried her best to get something but at the end nothing she could own. I am really tire now. Will happy e back after a sleep? Wa Dear diary who are u writing a letter to..? Little bit obscure to say dear diary! What an unfortunate day today! At first I went to school joyfully as usual. As soon as the lesson had started everything changed. My first lesson was English. At the beginning of the lesson Miss Honey acknowledged us that there was a student who failed the last dictation. You know I am poor in English so I was pretty certain that it was me even before Miss Honey handed out the paper. And finally not to be surprised it was me. After I got my result I wanted to cry. However I held my tear because I didn't want my clas *** ates to be aware of my depressing result and sympathizd me. It wasn't purely my result which made me want to cry but the fact that I had already spent 8 hours revising on the dictation which was disappointing. I even spelled the words that she didn't teach. All I got left was the poor result which hurt me a lot. Is the world fair? A little girl who strived for her target but achieved nothing in the end. I am really tired now. Will I be happy again after a sleep? Regards Wa --> Don't be so depressed after just a *** all test or dictation. Learning english is different from other subjects. You need to read more books (novel remanded) to build up a good foundation. Also advise you to watch more English TV channel. 参考: self Dear diary Today really was a bad day. At first I went to school joyfully (as) usual. However when the lessons started all the things changed. 补充时间：2007-10-12 17:07:43 The first lesson was English and you know I was poor in English. At the beginning Miss Honey told us the result of the last dictation and said that there was a student failed. I knew that was me even before she distributed the paper back to us. 补充时间：2007-10-12 17:08:13 When I got the result I wanted to cry but I didn"t do it because I didn"t want my clas *** atesto know of my poor result and sympathy (pity) me. I wanted to cry not only just for the result but it should not be right after I spent 8 hours to do the revision. 补充时间：2007-10-12 17:08:49 I even spelt everywords that she did not teach. Hoever what I got was a poor result which hurt me a lot. Is it a fair world? A little girl trying her best to achieve something but at the end got nothing. I am really tired now. Will I be happy again after some sleep? Wa

亲爱的老师，您就象那春天的细雨，滋润着我们的心田。您给予我们的爱和关怀将鼓舞着我们走过艰难困苦。想了解相关精彩内容请参考我为大家精心准备的 文章 ：给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译精选10篇 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译1 Dear Miss Liang, I am writing to thank you for your hard work for me. With your help, I make great progress in my study. A year ago, my study was bad and I didn"t want to learn, but you never give me up. You told me that I was clever. As long as I work hard, I would be great. In this year, you cared much about my study and helped me a lot. When I made mistakes, you always pointed them out and helped me to correct. Now, my study is much better than before, and I want to express my gratitude to you. Hope you everything goes well. Sincerely yours, Lily 亲爱的梁老师： 您好!我写信是想要感谢你为我做出的努力。在你的帮助下，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。一年前，我的学习成绩很差，我不想再学习了，但是你从来没有放弃我。你告诉我我很聪明。只要努力，我一定很棒。近年，你很关心我的学习，帮了我很多。当我犯错的时候，你总是指出错误并帮我更正。现在，我的学习比以前好多了，我想向你表达我的感激。祝您一切顺利。 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译2 Dear Ms Zhang, I"m writing to express my sincere gratitude to you. You are the very person who gave me a hand when necessary. One month ago, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low spirits, being afraid of letting my parents down because of my average academic performance. When I was at a loss and on the point of giving up, as my headteacher, you asked me to go to your office. Instead of blaming me, you comforted me and discussed with me the reasons for my failing in the exam. More unforgettably, you managed to help me with my study and always inspired me from time to time. Gradually, I learned how to adjust to myself and stayed calm in the College Entrance Examination. Ms Zhang, I"m more than grateful for what you have done for me, from which I"ve got to know it is never too late to get back when there is still hope. Wish you happiness and good health. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 亲爱的张女士， 我写这封信是想表达我对你真挚的谢意。你是那个在必要时给我帮助的人。 一个月前，高考即将来临，我紧张不安，情绪低落，害怕因为我的平均学习成绩而让父母失望。当我在一个损失和放弃的点，作为我的班主任，你让我去你的办公室。你没有责备我，而是安慰我，和我讨论我考试失败的原因。更令人难忘的，你能帮助我学习，时刻激励着我的时间。渐渐地，我学会了如何适应自己，在高考中保持冷静。 张女士，我非常感谢你们为我所做的一切，从中我知道，当有希望的时候，回来永远不会太迟。祝你幸福健康。 敬上， 李华 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译3 Dear teacher, We"ll have a class meeting this afternoon. All of us students hope that you can attend it. Please accept our sincere invitation. In the class meeting, we will make some plans about all the subjects, including English. We do have some puzzles and we need your help. So we hope you can set some time aside to be with us in the class meeting. We will feel honored if you can come to attend our class meeting. Looking forward to your coming. 亲爱的老师： 今天下午我们将举行一次班会.我们所有的学生希望您能出席.请接受我们真诚的邀请. 在班会上,我们将制作关于所有学科的计划,包括英语.我们确实有一些疑惑并且需要您的帮助.所以我们希望您能腾出些时间来与我们一起上班会.如果您能来出班我们的班会,我们将感觉非常荣幸. 盼望您的到来. 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译4 Dear Miss Zhu, 亲爱的周老师， How time flies! It has been a few years since I left high school, but I still remember you in my heart, because you"re the best teacher in my mind. It"s not only because you taught me knowledge, but also you taught me how to study. I have really benefitted a lot from you. So I would like to express my great thanks to you, and share my life in college with you. 时间飞逝!我高中 毕业 已经几年了，但我仍然把你记在我的心里，因为你是我心目中最好的老师。这不仅是因为你教与我知识，而且你还教我如何学习。从你身上我真的获益匪浅。所以我想向你表达我的感谢，并与你分享我的大学生活。 Now I"m studying in Hunan First Normal College, which is Chairman Mao"s former school. I major in English, because I find it so fun and interesting. As far as I"m concerned, our English Department is the best department in our college. The teachers in our department are knowledgeable, experienced, and warm-hearted. And my classmates are nice, friendly and helpful. Thus, I have a good atmosphere to study. When I have difficulties in study, I always ask my teachers for help or discuss with my classmates. Through their help, I have made great progress in my English study. 我现在在湖南第一师范学校学习，这是主席之前呆过的学校。我的专业是英语，因为我觉得它很有趣。我觉得我们英语系是我校最好的学部。我们系的老师知识渊博， 经验 丰富，热心肠。我的同学们也很和蔼，友好，乐于助人。因此，我拥有一个很好的学习氛围。当我在学习上遇到困难时，我总是向我的老师寻求帮助或与同学讨论。在他们的帮助下，我在 英语学习 上取得了很大的进步。 College life is much different from high school life. In college, we should acquire knowledge as well as improve our integrated abilities. There are a lot of English classes for us to learn, such as Basic English, Oral English, Listening, Reading, Writing, Translation, Grammar, English Literature, and so on. I enjoy these classes very much. Except English, we have many other subjects to learn. Life seems so busy here but it"s so fruitful for me. 大学生活与高中生活有很大的不同。在大学，我们要获取知识也要提高我们的综合能力。我们要上很多的英语课，比如，基础英语， 英语口语 ，听力阅读，写作，翻译，语法，英语文学等。我非常喜欢这些课。除英语外，我们还要学习很多其他科目。在这里生活是如此的忙碌，但这对我来说是如此丰硕的收获。 After class, I usually go to the English Corner. There I can practice my oral English by talking with foreigners or chatting with my schoolmates. Now, I"m able to communicate with foreigners well. Sometimes I also take part in some social activities. For instance, last weekend I attended an interesting play. As it was my first performance, I felt a little nervous at the beginning. But when I appeared on the stage, I made every audience laugh happily. I was so proud of myself at that moment, because this was my first achievement. 下课后，我经常去英语角。在那里我可以通过与外国人或我的同学聊天来练习我的英语口语。现在我可以很好的和外国人交流了。有时候我也可以参加一些社交活动。例如，上周我参加了一个有趣的表演。因为是我第一次表演，所以一开始的时候我觉得有点紧张。但当我出现在舞台上时，我让每一个观众都开心的笑了。在那一刻，我为我自己感到骄傲，因为这是我的第一个收获。 What about your present life? I hope to hear from you soon. 你目前生活怎么样呢?希望很快能收到你的回信。 At last, I hope everything goes well with you. Please give my best regards to your family. 最后，我希望你一切顺利。请代我向你的家人问好。 Sincerely yours, Jason 詹森 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译5 Dear Miss Brown, I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering, I"ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep going. Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere appreciation. Best wishes for you. Cruse 敬爱的布朗老师： 我谨以此向您表达我最真诚的谢意，感谢您在过去两年里对我的帮助。在过去的两年里，成为您的学生，我学到了许多。首先，您对教学和学生的认真态度使我深受感动。您鼓舞着我不断地努力学习。其次，在您的影响下，我深深地喜欢上了英语。作为一名理工科学生，我以前一直认为英语对我毫无用处，但您使我认识到了英语的魅力所在，带我走进了一个全新的世界，培养了不同的 思维方式 。最后，您的鼓励总在我遭遇困难或挑战是鼓励着我。您曾经说过：“每一件事情到了最后都会变成好事，如果不是，那说明还没有到最后。”每当想起您说过的话，我就有了坚持下去的动力。 最后，请允许我再次向您表达我的感谢，接受我真诚的谢意。献上最美好的祝福。 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译6 Dear Miss Jiang, I am writing to share my ideas about our English class. Now, our main material in the class is the textbook, which is reasonable. But I think we can get some other resources, such as English magazines, songs, movies and so on. We can learn the basic knowledge from out textbook, and get some more from other materials. In addition, those materials are more authentic and practical, which will be useful to our learning. Besides, by doing so, we can get more fun from learning and develop our interest to English. Please take good consideration of my advice. Thank you! Sincerely yours Bella 尊敬的蒋老师： 您好!我写信是想和你谈谈我对英语课的想法。现在我们上课用的主要材料是课本，这是合理的。但是我认为我们可以获取一些其他资源，比如英语杂志，歌曲，电影等等。我们可以从课本上学到基本的知识，同时从其他材料获取更多知识。另外，那些材料更真实和实用，这对于我们的学习会有好处的。此外，通过这样做我们可以从学习中获得更多乐趣从而培养我们对英语的兴趣。请您认真考虑我的建议，谢谢! 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译7 Dear Ms. Fu, 亲爱的付老师， I would like you to know that I appreciate the help and support you gave to me when I was in junior high school. I enjoyed being taught by you immensely. You are an excellent teacher and inspired me to continue learning with an open and positive mind. 我想让您知道我非常感激在我上初中的时候你给予的帮助和支持。我非常喜欢你做我的老师。你是一个优秀的教师，鼓励我以开放和积极的"态度继续学习。 I would like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to you for teaching me what is responsibility. You helped me how to find the best place for myself and look for the personal values. I remember you gave me a book as a present of the Spring Festival. You are the first teacher who gave me a present which I was moved for a long time. 我衷心的感谢你教会了我什么是责任。你帮我找到最适合自己的位置并和个人价值。我记得你曾给我一本书作为 春节 的礼物。你是第一个给我礼物的老师，这让我感动了很久。 I would further say that you gave me so good memories that I wish I could go back to that time again. It was you who encouraged me to overcome obstacles. It was you who cared about my emotions. I appreciate all you have done for me, which meant so much to me. I hope that this letter brings my best wishes to you and I once again thank you for giving me those precious memories of my life, which I shall cherish forever. 我还想说你给了我这么美好的回忆，我希望我能再次回到那个时候。是你鼓励我克服困难。是你关心我的情绪。我很感激你为我所做的一切，这对我来说是很重要的。我希望这封信能给你带去我最好的祝福，我再次感谢你给我的生活带来那些珍贵的回忆，我会永远珍惜它的。 Sincerely yours, Yang 杨 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译8 Dear Miss Brown, I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering, I"ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep going. Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere appreciation. Best wishes for you. Cruse 敬爱的布朗老师： 我谨以此向您表达我最真诚的谢意，感谢您在过去两年里对我的帮助。在过去的两年里，成为您的学生，我学到了许多。首先，您对教学和学生的认真态度使我深受感动。您鼓舞着我不断地努力学习。其次，在您的影响下，我深深地喜欢上了英语。作为一名理工科学生，我以前一直认为英语对我毫无用处，但您使我认识到了英语的魅力所在，带我走进了一个全新的世界，培养了不同的思维方式。最后，您的鼓励总在我遭遇困难或挑战是鼓励着我。您曾经说过：“每一件事情到了最后都会变成好事，如果不是，那说明还没有到最后。”每当想起您说过的话，我就有了坚持下去的动力。 最后，请允许我再次向您表达我的感谢，接受我真诚的谢意。献上最美好的祝福。 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译9 Dear Miss Liang, I am writing to thank you for your hard work for me. With your help, I make great progress in my study. A year ago, my study was bad and I didn"t want to learn, but you never give me up. You told me that I was clever. As long as I work hard, I would be great. In this year, you cared much about my study and helped me a lot. When I made mistakes, you always pointed them out and helped me to correct. Now, my study is much better than before, and I want to express my gratitude to you. Hope you everything goes well. Sincerely yours, Lily 亲爱的梁老师： 您好!我写信是想要感谢你为我做出的努力。在你的帮助下，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。一年前，我的学习成绩很差，我不想再学习了，但是你从来没有放弃我。你告诉我我很聪明。只要努力，我一定很棒。近年，你很关心我的学习，帮了我很多。当我犯错的时候，你总是指出错误并帮我更正。现在，我的学习比以前好多了，我想向你表达我的感激。祝您一切顺利。 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译10 Dear Mr. Lai, 尊敬的赖老师： I am writing this letter just want to say thanks to you. I am going to graduate in two weeks. You have been my class adviser for three years. During these three years you have spent lots of energy on us. You are not only teaching knowledge in the class, but also care our life. Sometimes we are afraid of you, because of your strict requirement for our study. However, you are so helpful in the daily life. No matter what difficulties we are in, you will help if you can. So, I also want to say sorry to you for making so much trouble. But you bear all my trouble. I don"t know what kind of class adviser I will meet in the future study, but I will remember and appreciate you forever. I want to say thank you again. 我写这封信只是想跟你说声谢谢。还有两周我就要毕业了。你做了我三年的班主任。在这三年你花了那么多精力在我们身上。你不仅仅在课堂上传授我们知识，而且在生活上也很关心我们。不过有时候我们有点怕你，因为你对我们学习的严格要求。不过，在日常生活中你是那么的乐于助人。无论我们遇到什么样的困难，只要能够帮得上忙你都会帮我们。所以，我还想对你说声对不起，给你带来那么多的麻烦。但是你都一一包容了。我不知道我会在今后的学习中遇到什么样的班主任，但是我会一直记得你、感激你的。我想再次说声谢谢。 Regarded Student 学生 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译精选10篇相关文章： ★ 给英语老师的一封信英文带翻译 ★ 给英语老师的一封信带翻译 ★ 给英语老师的一封信3篇 ★ 写给老师的一封信英语精选5篇 ★ 英文写给英语老师的一封信 ★ 写给英语老师的一封信4篇 ★ 英文版给英语老师的一封信吧 ★ 写给老师的一封信英语最新精选5篇 ★ 给英语老师的一封信范文 ★ 写给老师的一封信英语5篇 var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?a16caac520b9e58c9a9652b27953e5ae"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();

怎么会有这样的孩子啊

the writing flows.文笔流畅。

意思是学习写作

　　spoken English 与 English speaking 都可以理解为英语口语 的意思，但是 English speaking 还可以放于名词之前 做定语 修饰名词 如 English speaking group 说英语的部落　　spoken English的例句：　　1.For in the admirable phrase of a Spanish author Julian Marias, "English can bespoken in a British or American manner. "　　西班牙作者朱利安·马里亚斯说得好，“英语可以按英国的方式讲也可以按美国的方式讲”。　　2.So recently I began to take a course in spoken English.　　所以最近我开始上英语会话课程。　　English speaking的例句：　　1.I"ve been a teacher of English speaking, Spanish reading, and poetry writing.　　教过英语口语、西班牙语阅读和诗歌写作。　　2.What are the advantages or disadvantages of working abroad in an English-speaking country like Australia?　　有什么好处或坏处国外工作，在以英语为母语的国家如澳洲？　　3.All the individuals who would like to improve their English speaking should give it a try.　　所有想提高英语的人应该来试一下。

请问这是什么作文书呀

Enjoying Learning English online 。。。。自己想。

1. 英语作文 First, You should make a plan to improve your English. For example, you should listen to the teacher carefully in class. And you should do more English exercises after class. When you have some difficulties, you should ask your teacher or your clas *** ates for help. I think you shouldn"t stay up studying English, if so, you will be too sleepy in English class next day to listen to the teacher carefully. You shouldn"t only read English passages. I think writing and listening are important as well. I hope you can make progress on the road to studying English. 首先，你应该制定一个计划去提高你的成语。例如，你应该上课认真听讲。放学后多做一些英语练习题。当你在学习中有一些困难的时候，你可以向你的老师或者同学寻求帮助。我认为你不应该熬夜学习英语。如果你这么做的话，第二天上课时一定会很困以致于你不能集中注意力听课。另外，你也不应该只读英语文章，我认为写作和听力也是很重要的。我希望你在学习英语的道路上能够取得进步。 2. 我要一篇英语作文 学习英语在哪方面有困难,平时通过什么学习英语 We own English English is spoken by about 400 millon people in Australia, Britain, Canada, Ireland ,New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. In Ghana, India, Nigeria and Singapore, English is used for government, education and trade. English is the most important foreign language that children will learn at school, because it"s essential for touri *** , international business, entertainment, radio, television, newspapers, and the Inter. But I don"t think it"s really diffecult to learn English, although it"s a language which looks simpler than it actully is. Its grammar is difficult to realise, and the expressions in different areas are different. We still have some advice for learning English. You have to listen to the radio and repeat loudly everyday. It"s a good idea to write down the correct words and grammar. Talking to the foreigners is a good way, so why don"t you find some penfriends and write to them? Who owns English? The answer is everyone who speaks it! We all belong to the international English speaking world. Let"s learn English together! 好累啊……这么多会不会太多啊……我打字可累死了，呵呵~~~如果不行就追问，我再改改！ 希望对你有帮助~ 3. 英语作文以《我学习英语中的困难》为话题给人写信 My parents went out yesterday, they visited their friend who lived far away from us, so they wouldn"t e back until night. I had to cook for myself and I couldn"t ask them my question in my homework. However, I had to face the difficulties, so I search the information on the inter. Then I"m very happy that I sovled the problems sucessdully by myself. 我是这样写的 不知道对不对哦~~ 我没有更好的答案了·· 4. 英语作文给有困难的学生一些好的建议 51. 对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 52. 支持前 / 后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former / latter opinion 53. 有 / 提供如下理由/ 证据 have / provide the following reasons / evidence 54. 在一定程度上 to some extent / degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of… 57. 日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social petition 58. 眼前利益 immediate interest / short-term interest 59. 长远利益. interest in the long run 60. …有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits / advantages and disadvantages 61. 扬长避短 Exploit to the full one"s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 62. 取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。 63. 对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to 64. 交流思想 / 情感 / 信息 exchange ideas / emotions / information 65. 跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of … 66. 采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth。 67. …的健康发展 the healthy development of … 68. 有利有弊 Every coin has its o sides. No garden without weeds。 69. 对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。 70. 重视 attach great importance to… 71. 社会地位 social status 72. 把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on… 73. 扩大知识面 expand one"s scope of knowledge 74. 身心两方面 both physically and mentally 75. 有直接 /间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 76. 提出折中提议 set forth a promise proposal 77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief that 78. 缓解压力 / 减轻负担 relieve stress / burden 79. 优先考虑 / 发展… give (top) priority to sth 80. 与…比较 pared with… / in parison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。 82. 代替 replace / substitute / take the place of 83. 经不起推敲 cannot bear closer *** ysis / cannot hold water 84. 提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress 86. 毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that… 87. 增进相互了解 enhance / promote mutual understanding 88. 充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of 89. 承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure 90. 保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 91. 更多地强调 put more emphasis on… 92. 适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society 93. 实现梦想 realize one"s dream / make one"s dream e true 94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows: 95. 首先 First, Firstly, In the first place, To begin with 96. 其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place 97. 再次 Besides,In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore 98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly, 99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word, 100. 我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go。 记住这些万能句子吧 谢谢采纳。 5. 求大神帮我写一关于面对困难的英语作文还有其翻译,谢啦 My parents went out yesterday, they visited their friend who lived far away from us, so they wouldn"t e back until night. I had to cook for myself and I couldn"t ask them my question in my homework. However, I had to face the difficulties, so I search the information on the inter. Then I"m very happy that I sovled the problems sucess dully by myself. 翻译： 昨天我的父母出去，他们拜访了他们的朋友远离我们的生活，所以他们不会回来，直到晚上。我不得不做饭为我自己，我不能问我的问题在我的家庭作业。然而，我不得不面对这些困难，所以我在互联网上搜索信息。然后我很高兴我成功沉闷地的问题自己解决。 6. （你在学习方面遇到了那些困难 As we all know that the English teaching just rises in the past several decades,still remaining on the primary stage,therefore,learners always face some problems,such as feeling difficult in remembering the words and making the grammar clear and so on.But how to find the solution to these difficulties?My opinions are as follows. When we have the feeling that some words can not be remembered easily by us,we should stop remembering them by rote,instead,we should make their meaning clear based on the intelligent memory.Besides,when we are confused with the grammar,never be impatient,just repeat reading and understanding it,if it doesn"t work,go to the teachers for help.In addition,many students feel their spoken English is so poor that they dare not to speark out,this is quite wrong,for only by bravely practising speaking English can you learn the real and useful one. I believe that more difficulties exist on the way of learning English,however,as long as we make our efforts and try our best to think out the solutions,English is pretty easy to grasp. 我们都知道，英语是在近几十年兴起的，还处于初级阶段，所以，英语学习者经常遇到困难，比如说单词难记，语法难懂等等。但是怎样解决这些困难呢？以下是我的观点。 当我们感觉一些单词难于记忆，我们应该停止死记硬背，取而代之的是建立在理解记忆基础上地弄清他们的意思。还有，当我们对语法感觉到困惑，千万不要失去耐心，反复地理解他，是在不行，就请教老师。另外，许多学生感觉他们的英语口语十分蹩脚，从而不敢说英语，这是严重错误的，因为只有勇敢地练习说英语才能学到最真实有用的英语。 我相信还有更多困难摆在学习英语的道路上，但是，只要我们努力而尽力地找到解决办法，英语是十分容易的。 自己写滴，不知道字数够不够。 7. 关于我在学习中遇到困难的英语作文60词 How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English You must write your position in no less than 100 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting. How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English? Most Chinese students have difficulties in learning English. The difficulties vary so much from person to person that it is difficult to cite here in a few words. Some may have problems in reading. Others may have trouble in writing. I also had problems in English learning, but my difficulty seemed to lie in listening. For example, when tested for listening prehension, I couldn"t understand a single sentence, let alone a passage of medium level. In order to overe the difficulty in my English learning, I made great efforts to find the key to the problem. I consulted my teacher and found out that I merely didn"t have enough time to practice listening. So I bought a tape recorder and listened to it at least o hours a day. In addition, I listened to "Special English" on VOA. I also went out of my way to speak to foreigners on the campus whenever we meet so that I could have the chance to listen to the native speakers. After half a year"s hard work, I could get 70% of the questions correct in listening prehension tests. I own my success to my English teacher. It is him who tells me the correct way to learn English. It is him who always encourages me when I encounter difficulties and feel disappointed.

有个网站叫“恒星英语”挺不错，里面的讲解很精辟。

虽然证书不代表实际能力，但是有的单位要求必须持有CET-6证书，且在某些公司，CET-6和薪资挂钩，建议考个呗，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

先注册 注册好了登录 就可以回复别人的帖子了 http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/register.php （这个是注册的链接 ） 如果满意 请采纳哈 O(∩_∩)O谢谢

歌曲名:Nobody But You歌手:Marcin Nowakowski专辑:Shinei pretended i"m glad you went awaythese four walls closin" more every dayand i"m dying insideand nobody knows it but melike a clown i put on a showthe pain is real even if nobody knowsand i"m crying insideand nobody knows it but mewhy didn"t i saythe things i needed to sayhow could i let my angel get awaynow my world is just a tumblin" downi can say it so clearlybut you"re nowhere aroundthe nights are lonely the days are so sadand i just keep thinkin" aboutthe love that we hadand i"m missin" youand nobody knows it but mei carry a smile when i"m broken in twoand i"m nobody without someone like youi"m tremblin" inside and nobody knows it but mei lie awake it"s a quarter past threei"m screamin" at night as if i thoughtyou"d hear meyeah my heart is callin" youand nobody knows it but mehow blue can i getyou could ask my heartbut like a jigsaw puzzle it"s been torn all aparta million words couldn"t say just how i feela million years from now you knowi"ll be lovin" you stillthe nights are lonely the days are so sadand i just keep thinkin" aboutthe love that we hadand i"m missin" youand nobody knows it but metomorrow mornin" i"m hitting the dusty roadgonna find you wherever ever you might goi"m gonna unload my heart and hope you come back to mesaid when the nights are lonelythe nights are lonely the days are so sadand i just keep thinkin" aboutthe love that we hadand i"m missin" youand nobody knows it but methe nights are lonely the days are so sadand i just keep thinkin" aboutthe love that we hadand i"m missin" youand nobody knows it but methe nights are lonely the days are so sadand i just keep thinkin" aboutthe love that we hadand i"m missin" youhttp://music.baidu.com/song/16640320

免费翻译软件有百度翻译（Baidu Translate）。百度翻译（Baidu Translate）是百度公司推出的一款免费翻译软件，支持多达28种语言的翻译服务。用户可以通过网页版或移动App进行使用。百度翻译的特点是简单易用、翻译速度快、支持多种语言，还可以进行语音翻译和摄像头翻译等功能。用户可以输入文字、语音或图片，进行自动翻译和语音播放。同时，它也支持人工翻译和机器翻译混合的方式，提高翻译质量。另外，百度翻译还具有朗读功能，可以帮助用户更好地学习外语，同时也可以对外语发音进行纠正。需要注意的是，虽然百度翻译是一款免费翻译软件，但在使用时可能会存在一些限制，用户需要根据实际情况进行选择。翻译是什么？翻译是指将一个语言中的文字或口语内容转化为另一个语言的过程，通常涉及到两个或多个语言之间的互译。翻译可以是文本的翻译，也可以是口语的翻译。在现代社会中，随着各国之间的交流越来越频繁，翻译成为极其重要的职业。在商务、政治、文化、科技等领域，翻译都发挥着重要作用。例如，跨国公司需要将其产品说明书、合同、广告等文档进行翻译，使得不同语言的消费者都能够理解；政治、经济和文化交流也需要翻译来消除语言障碍和增进相互理解。翻译是一项复杂的工作，需要熟练掌握两种或以上的语言，并了解不同国家或地区的文化、历史、习俗等，在此基础上进行准确的翻译。随着机器翻译技术的发展，计算机也开始在翻译领域发挥越来越重要的作用。

游戏时直接输入即可激活。不死及无限制飞行背囊；dnclip穿墙（穿不能穿的墙会死）；dnscotty??跳关（??为关数，例如dnscotty12为第一大关的第二小关）；适用于1.1试玩版的秘籍秘籍作用dnclip穿墙（穿不能穿的墙会死）；dnkroz不死及无限制飞行背囊；dnitems得到钥匙卡、物品；dnmonsters移除所有敌人dnskill?改变等级（?为等级数，键入dnskill2为跳至第二大关）；dnview切换到尾随视角。dncashman按spacebar扔美金（没钱时可用）；适用于1.3正式版的秘籍在游戏中直接键入以下字符，可使用相应的秘籍：秘籍作用dnallen显示信息：Buy Major Strykey；dnbeta显示信息：Pirates Suck!dncashman射出的武器变钱（按spacebar），没钱时可用；dnclip穿墙（穿不能穿的墙会死）；dncoords显示当前坐标；dncornholio开启（或关闭）无敌模式；dndebug显示调试信息；dnhyper得到类固醇、夜视镜；dninnventory得到物品；dnitems得到钥匙卡、物品；dnkeys得到钥匙卡；dnkroz不死及无限制飞行背囊；dnmaior喷射背包无限使用。dnmonsters使看得见的敌人消失；dnrate帧数检查；DNscotty#@跳关，#为大关数（1-3），@为小关数（若关数小于10，则加0，如第二大关第四小关，应键入dnscotty204）；dnshowmap打开地图；dnskill?改变难度等级（?为等级数）；dnstuff得到所有物品（武器、弹药、钥匙卡、装备）；dntodd显示信息：Register Cosmo Today；dnweapons全部武器和护甲；dnunlock所有门打开；dnview切换到尾随视角。参数修改修改游戏目录中的USER?CON，具体如下：秘籍作用define CAMERASDESTRUCTABLE　NO摄影机可否破坏（YES）define FREEZERHURTOWNER　YES冷冻光是否伤自己（NO）define MAXPLAYERHEALTH 　100生命值上限，可随意改动define YELLHURTSOUNDSTRENGTH50泉水所给生命极大值define YELLHURTSOUNDSTRENGTH40有关叫声与失血问题define YELLHURTSOUNDSTRENGTHMP50有关叫声与失血问题define MAXPLAYERATOMICHEALTH200原子健康剂所给生命上限define STARTARMORHEALTH0起始装甲值define RETRIEVEDISTANCE844取物距离define SQUISHABLEDISTANCE1024//FOR ACTORS ONLY!踩人距离define DEFAULTVIEWSIBILITY512能见度以下用来定义武器的距离半径：define RPGBLASTRADIUS 　1780　RPGdefine PIPEBOMBRADIUS 　2500　Pipe Bombdefine SHRINKERBLASTRADIUS 　650缩小光武器威力：define KNEE WEAPON STRENGTH 　10脚的力量define PISTOL WEAPON STRENGTH 　6//ADDS RAND（）5%　（0至5）define HANDBOMB WEAPON STRENGTH140define RPG WEAPON STRENGTH 　140用水加血法如果发现水，且血已不是100%，则先接触水，然后按住Spacebar键不动，则可将血加满。秘门游戏中墙上如画有白色粉笔画类似脸谱的东西，用火箭炮或手榴弹炸这堵墙，就可进入这个 秘密地方。一些打不烂的大木箱子往往也是进入秘密地方的跳板。

构造型式（构造图案，Tectonic Type）这一科学术语在我国是由李四光在1929年首先提出来的[38]，意指具有成生联系的地质构造共生组合形态。他和他的学生们在我国广大疆土上发现、厘定和命名了一系列构造型式诸如山字型、歹字型、入字型、帚状、棋盘格式，莲花状、涡轮状等。建国后，对国内外发现和鉴定的构造体系和构造型式所进行的第一次系统总结集中反映在《地质力学概论》一书中[5]。在这以后的几十年间，广大地质力学工作者在自己的科研生产实践中在国内外又发现和鉴定出许多新的构造型式，对这些研究成果的第二次系统总结集中反映在由地质力学研究所根据李四光生前遗愿所主持编写的地质力学的方法与实践第二篇——《构造体系各论》（王治顺等编著的中国典型构造体系分论）中[64]。这两本专著的发表反映出中国地质力学科学实践的历程和发展阶段。几十年来，在李四光学术思想科学体系的指引下所发现和鉴定的这些构造体系和构造型式不仅使地质力学的理论向前发展，而且在指导找矿勘探、地热开发、地震预报、地质灾害预测防治、环境保护等各个方面发挥着重要的作用。构造体系和构造型式是地质力学的精髓。李四光之所以如此致力于构造型式的发现和鉴定，是基于这样一种科学思维——他认为：地质构造的形成与发展是受构造应力场控制的；在构造应力场的控制下，地质构造有其共生组合，有其内在的成生联系，是自成体系的；而不同的构造体系有其特定的共生组合形态，有它的标型，这就是构造型式。本书作者追求“板块构造学”与“地质力学”的结合与融合，很自然会思考构造型式的概念能否用于板块构造，也追问各种构造型式的形成与板块的互相作用有何联系。作者发现李四光所厘定的各种型式，许多是板块间相互作用和运动的产物；而板块构造的各种组合又是受构造型式控制的。本章分三个问题论述：即控制板块构造的构造型式、板块构造相互运动所产生的构造型式和构造型式在地质剖面中的表现。第一节 板块构造的构造型式李四光在20世纪50年代槽台说和垂直运动观在中国盛行的时候说过一段话。他说，我们有权追问：为什么某一地槽在它作为一个地槽而存在的期间，恰好存在于它所存在的地方，恰好按某一定的方位伸展，恰好形成某一定的形状?[68]同样在今天板块学说盛行的时候，我们是否也有权追问：为什么在某一板块在它作为一个板块存在的期间，恰好存在于它所存在的地方，恰好按某一定的方位伸展，恰好形成它某一定的形状? 而研究构造体系和构造型式正是为了解决这一类问题。下文无妨以大洋板块为例来探讨大洋板块受什么构造型式控制。众所周知，大洋板块的扩张边界是大洋中脊，如果我们追索一下全球海底大洋中脊的组合形式，可发现两个普遍存在的规律：①世界上所有的大洋中脊在横过其扩张轴的方向上都发育转换断层，所构成的构造型式笔者称之为鱼脊骨型。可参阅图1-6，具剪切走滑的转换断层和扩张脊两者间具有成生联系：转换断层正是在洋中脊扩张的过程中由于扩张速率的差异而形成的（关于大洋中脊形成的力学机制，板块学者已有详细论证，这里不再赘述）。马宗晋[4]则把被转换断层所围限的大洋板块称为板条，把俯冲于俯冲带之下的板条前缘称为板舌。它们是大洋板块的次一级构造单元，是组成鱼脊骨型的构造成分。②洋中脊与洋中脊组合的最普遍的构造型式是三叉式或三联式（可参阅图1-6），即三条不同走向的洋中脊联结于一点。如太平洋中脊、印度洋脊，大西洋中脊虽总体呈S形，但如考虑其中段与现今地中海（曾是新特提斯洋中脊所在），其南端与南极大陆北侧的洋中脊系统联结也呈三叉式。于是，似乎可以做出结论，即三叉式或三联结是大洋板块最普遍的组合形式。板块交界除RRR式外，还有脊-沟-转换断层RFT交接等10种基本类型，由此引发的思考是为什么大洋板块都以这些方式相联结。板块构造的经典模式是，洋中脊的上升地慢流从洋中脊处散开，然后在两侧海沟处变成下降的地幔流，拖曳着洋壳向大陆板块俯冲，三联结的平面构造型式启迪我们应该用三维的有如花状或喷泉式的构造型式或构造样式来补充习以为常的二维模式。这些构造型式可能为我们提供板块形成和开裂演化的成因信息。地质力学不仅追求具有成生联系的构造型式，而且关心它们的应力活动方式。如深入研究板块扩张方式，不难发现在不同条件下不同的时空尺度里，其扩张方式又各不相同。至少有如下几种不同扩张方式：（1）大洋呈对称地由洋向陆的扩张，如大西洋中脊的扩张；（2）由洋向陆的扩张和俯冲，如太平洋中脊；（3）一侧由陆向海的扩张，一侧由海向陆俯冲，如南海北侧是华南大陆陆缘扩张，南侧是南沙向加里曼丹沙捞越俯冲；（4）继承性的开合（如秦岭）；（5）迁移式的开合，如古、中、新特提斯，其扩张中心随时间变新向南迁移。地质力学关心为什么有这些不同的扩展方式。大陆裂谷系的构造型式：大陆裂谷是大陆边缘常见的构造，当大陆裂谷进一步发展成大洋盆地和洋中脊时，就成为控制大洋板块的构造。因此研究大陆裂谷的构造组合形态即构造型式有助于我们研究板块的构造型式。大陆裂谷是切至上地幔的深断裂系，裂谷内有上地幔物质上涌，深部有一个上地幔隆起和异常地幔垫，与表层的地堑系呈镜像关系，在平面上，裂谷系的组合形态多呈平行雁列或Y形，前者如俄罗斯的贝加尔地堑、中国东部的大陆边缘裂谷系，后者如东非裂谷系（图2-25）[69]。东非裂谷带从红海北端到赞比西河下游，全长4000多公里（图2-26）。就不同部位而言，具有不同构造组合形态，但如总体观之，其主导的构造型式为三叉式。这一裂谷系实际上是由长100多公里、宽30～60km的一系列中小裂谷组成的，伴有火山活动，坐落在近SN向的东非陆隆带的背景上，以埃塞俄比亚为中心，从始新世到渐新世开始隆起，渐新世至中新世喷溢了碱性玄武岩（亚丁湾，红海则有深海拉斑玄武岩），最大厚度可达3.5km，裂谷内沉积了中新世陆相沉积，说明裂谷最晚至中新世已经形成[70]。对于裂谷系的剖面（即表层的地堑系和深部的上地幔隆起两者呈镜像特征）形成的力学机制，地球物理学家多强调其深部原因，认为上地幔隆起是原因，裂谷和洋中脊是结果；一些构造学者则强调表层的先期拉开是原因，深部上地幔隆起是结果。事实上两者是互为因果、互相促进、相互制约、互相响应的。以东非裂谷系为例，它处于阿尔卑斯碰撞造山带的南侧，南北向的区域挤压应力造成了NE向和NW向两组共轭剪切断裂和南北向的横向张裂，由于南北向的追踪张，诱发了南北向的上地幔隆起，而深部的上地幔隆起引起了东非的南北向陆隆带，在陆隆带的背景上逐渐形成了东非裂谷系。可见深部构造与表层构造是互为因果、互相响应的。图2-25 常见大陆裂谷组合类型平面图[69]Fig.2-25 Plane figures showing the types of continental rifting association[69]1—串珠状（贝加尔裂谷带东北端）；2—边幕式（同前，东北部）；3—相互平行（a—东非的鲁阿哈-鲁菲吉断裂；b—山地-盆地区裂谷带）；4—肘状（贝加尔裂谷带西南端）；5—分叉状（a—肯尼亚裂谷南端；b—埃塞俄比亚裂谷东北端）；6—成不同角度的直接接合（a—红海、苏伊士及近东裂谷；b—埃塞俄比亚、亚丁湾及红海裂谷；c—鲁夸湖、马拉维湖裂谷及鲁阿哈-鲁菲吉裂谷带）；7—成不同的角度互相接近但未直接结合（莱茵地堑北部）；8—沿横平移断层、斜平移断层或正—平移断层的分离位移（埃塞俄比亚裂谷的轴部）海底高原（海台）是大洋板块中重要的构造单元。对于这样大型的大洋板块构造单元的构造型式也是我们追究的问题。大洋海底调查和钻探表明，它是一种面积广大、具有异常厚度洋壳的区域，其岩石组成主要为镁铁质到超镁铁质，岩石类型主要为拉斑玄武岩，它们是一期或两期大规模集中喷发的岩浆活动的产物。洋底高原的岩浆岩出露面积在106a的时间尺度上可以达到大于105km2的覆盖面积，体积可达几百万到几千万立方公里，其地壳厚度可达20～30km或更大[71]。与阿拉斯加大小相当的位于西南太平洋底的翁通爪哇洋底高原是过去200Ma以来最大规模岩浆喷发事件的代表[72]。大洋钻探海底调查揭示，凯尔盖朗是另一个海底高原，近来的ODP指示该海底高原的组成物质，一部分喷发于大陆环境，它随着冈瓦纳大陆的裂解在印度洋扩张过程中形成和熔化，因而其玄武岩的化学成分分析表明是软流圈来源的岩浆和大陆岩石圈复杂作用的产物，其Sr、Nd同位素成分不同于印度洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）的成分[73]，它具有120Ma岩浆活动的历史，其中有两次增强期发生在115Ma和85Ma前[73]。在历史上，大陆高原和洋底高原具有很大的相似性。目前多数学者认为两者都是由巨大的地幔柱球状顶冠（地幔羽）引起的熔融作用形成的（图2-27）[74]。图2-26 东非大裂谷带[70]Fig.2-26 The Continental rifting zone in east Africa图2-27 地幔柱与洋底高原关系图解[71]Fig.2-27 Sketch of a mantle plume feeding an oceanic plateau地幔柱由内向外温度逐渐降低，成分也发生变化。其部分熔融形成不同成分的苦橄岩浆，这些岩浆有的直接喷发，有的则在巨大的岩浆房中继续演化，最终喷发出均质的玄武岩尽管大洋钻探工作者、板块构造学者和岩石学家们，对海底高原的研究已经取得了重要进展，我们仍然感到不满足：所说的地幔柱球状顶冠（地幔羽）究竟是受怎样一种构造型式控制的? 又是什么地球动力学机制形成这种类似蘑菇云状的构造型式，它们在时空上有什么分布和演化规律? 和整个地球内部的物质和能量的演化有什么内在的联系? 显然这些都是地质力学和板块构造理论今后应该回答的问题。20世纪90年代地幔柱构造学的发展已经使我们看到解决这一问题的前景。目前一般认为它的产生要求地幔中存在一个高温低粘度的热边界层，其温度要高出周围地幔物质的温度300～400℃，粘度却比周围物质低几个数量级，这个高温低粘度层具有极不稳定的物理性质，一旦受到某种热扰动，就会在浮力作用下呈柱状上升[75]。因此地幔柱羽的形成与上升至少要有两个因素，即核幔边界层（D”层）和径向构造的通道。第二节 板块构造相互作用所产生的构造型式前文所提到的洋中脊和大陆裂谷也包含了板块相互作用的因素，只不过它们是板块伸展作用的产物，本节所讨论的是板块相互挤压和相互剪切（剪压或剪张）所产生的构造型式。一、板块挤压性边界的构造型式有两种类型的挤压性边界即洋陆俯冲的挤压性边界和陆陆碰撞的挤压性边界。后者如阿尔卑斯造山带和喜马拉雅造山带，形成各种复杂多样的碰撞构造体系和构造型式，以印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞边界为例形成了诸如呈双弧式、歹字型、多字型和棋盘格式等多种构造型式（参阅图2-15）。前者也形成许多大陆边缘构造型式诸如亚洲东部的华夏方向多字型构造、大陆边缘弧，美洲西部大陆边缘形成阿拉斯加-科迪勒拉歹字型构造、南北向山弧和巴西山字型等。有关内容前人已有论述，这里只对环太平洋构造带为何东侧不发育边缘海而形成山弧式构造，西侧则发育边缘海，形成由沟、弧、盆构造组成的边幕式大陆边缘弧的构造型式作一探讨。一些板块学者曾用东西两侧的板块俯冲倾角大小来解释，他们认为沿美洲西部大陆边缘之所以不发育边缘海是因为板块俯冲倾角缓而不易形成弧后微型扩张，亚洲东部大陆边缘之所以发育边缘海是因为板块俯冲倾角陡而容易形成弧后扩张[70]。但是亚洲东部的边缘海并非都是弧后扩张形成的（如我国南海），俯冲倾角陡的并非都是弧后扩张（如Scotia海），有弧后扩张的其俯冲倾角也并非都陡（如冲绳海槽）。这种用弧后扩张来解释边缘海的成因的思路阻碍了他们从广阔的区域地质背景和地球动力学来阐明问题。显然亚洲东部新生代的陆缘扩张[50]是使西太平洋产生边缘海的主因；陆缘扩张之所以发生又与亚洲东部晚燕山期后造山期岩石圈的拆沉拉伸减薄作用[76]及后来印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞产生向东南方向的构造逸脱有关[37]；美洲西部的山脉总体处于受挤压的状态，虽有造山后的伸展性盆岭构造，却尚未能或尚来不及拉开成为边缘海。三个板块相互作用（印度板块与欧亚板块及太平洋板块）和两个板块的相互作用（东太平洋板块和美洲板块），其区域地质背景和地球动力学是不相同的，这才是问题的根本。西太平洋、亚洲东部大陆边缘构造型式的另一个特点就是那些沟、弧、盆往往具有向S或向SE方向突出的弧形构造形态，关于岛弧-海沟系向洋侧呈弧形突出的问题，Lepichon等[77]曾用俯冲角与岛弧-海沟系半径之间存在球面几何学上的制约来解释。但是在中国东部大陆上同样存在向SE方向突出的大陆边缘弧，这就需要寻求另外的解释。板块构造工作者总是强调俯冲，其实，俯冲和仰冲同时并存，是一个事物的两个方面或两种提法。但在不同的情况下，有时俯冲是主要的，有时则仰冲是主要的。在中国及亚洲东部新生代陆缘扩张和表层易于滑动和构造逸脱的情况下，逆冲比俯冲更易实现，更易成为运动的主导方面，一系列大陆边缘弧向SE方向的突出正是大陆向洋运动最有力的标志。而这种强调大陆运动及表层滑动的思想早见于李四光的论著[1]，重温这些区域地质论著应该不是没有意义的。其实，不止是构造型式方面，而且在建造方面也反映出大陆向海洋方向的仰冲和递进的运动，并且从中生代便开始了这种历程：我国华南特别是东南沿海自印支期以来即发育陆壳重熔花岗岩，其岩浆活动的时期自NW向SE依次变新（图2-28）[39]。这种时空展布无法用大洋板块向大陆板块俯冲来解释其形成机理，有些学者企图用太平洋板块俯冲带后撤来解释，但至今仍未有充足的证据。华南地球物理勘探显示，华南深部的花岗岩体呈板状体深入到大陆内部数百公里，向深部发育剪切深熔的同构造花岗片麻岩，花岗岩的形成时代自NW向SE变新[39]，新华夏系构造年代由NW向SE变新[55]，用大陆表壳深层次的自NW向SE的逆推覆剪切重熔则较好解释。翁世劼等也指出粤赣晚中生代火山岩系岩石地球化学所揭示的地质背景是一种仰冲碰撞体系[78]。当然这并不排斥太平洋板块同时向亚洲大陆俯冲，在这里，只是强调在形成构造型式和岩浆构造中，哪一方更主导些。图2-28 三叠纪—白垩纪华南花岗质侵入岩的分布[39]Fig.2-28 Distribution of the Triassic-Jurracic granitic intrusive bodies in south China1—三叠纪岩体；2—早侏罗世岩体；3—中侏罗世岩体；4—晚侏罗世岩体；5—早白垩世岩体；6—晚白垩世岩体然而，也正因为限于当时的条件，其时中国学者对大陆构造的研究就有些与大洋构造、深部构造隔离起来，这种情况自20世纪70年代板块构造理论传入我国之后开始发生了根本性的变化。最早介绍板块构造理论的尹赞勋、李春昱、郭令智、朱夏开始用板块构造理论重新解释中国的区域构造。陈国达用幔壳演化的思想阐述中国的地洼构造，张文佑则是把板块构造理论与地质力学理论结合起来的先驱，晚一辈的任纪舜等及一大批至今仍活跃在学术舞台上的中国构造学者们则把中国大陆地壳演化和大陆边缘构造的研究推进到一个全新的水平，这就为我们今后深入地研究大陆边缘的种种构造型式创造了条件。二、边缘海的构造型式边缘海主要位于挤压性或剪切性的大陆边缘（参阅图2-15），但由于它都有一个微型扩张和洋壳为本质特征，故把它列为单项进行论述。全球的边缘海主要分布于西太平洋（白令海、鄂霍次克海、日本海、冲绳海槽、南海、西菲律宾海、班达海、美拉尼西亚海等）。（1）H型右行剪切拉分型边缘海盆：这种边缘海东西两侧各有一条近SN向或NNE向的右行走滑边界断裂，在两个边界断裂之间则有一近EW走向的微型扩张轴，从而构成H型右行剪切拉分型，属于这种构造型式的边缘海已证实的有安达曼海和日本海[79]。现今的南海其EW两侧的边界也是SN向的断裂，南海扩张轴总体走向近EW向。周蒂等[80]提出南海是由于EW两侧的SN向右行剪切走滑形成的拉分海盆。虽然其西侧的印支半岛东缘的越东断裂确是一条区域性的SN向右行走滑断裂，但其东部边界马尼拉海沟却是一条挤压性边界断裂。菲律宾板块约在5Ma时才与台湾岛弧拼贴，使南海东部与西太平洋分割。周设想在这以前也应有一条右行剪切走滑的边界断裂。南海如确是H型右行剪切拉分海盆，其东部边界需要满足两个条件：一是在南海拉开以前它的东面曾是一片陆地或陆壳，二是现今马尼拉海沟的前身应该是一条右行剪切走滑断裂。前人工作业已证明：在马尼拉海沟以E，九岭-Patu海岭及其以W的现今菲律宾海所在地存在成生于48～37Ma、现已沦为海的由花岗质和安山质岩石所构成的古岛弧（Remant arc，据Karig统计这种沉沦于水下的古岛弧在太平洋不下30个）[81]；任纪舜等[51]从西太平洋众多沉沦的古陆块提出了存在一个西太平洋古陆的设想；自伊豆小笠原-马里亚纳海沟至马尼拉海沟在45Ma以前都曾是太平洋板块NEE向洋脊的一组NNW向、近NS向转换断层，其运移方向呈左行走滑。可以想像其时现今菲律宾海盆所在地的一片陆地（或陆壳）还在现今南海的东南侧，随着菲律宾板块向北西移，当时在现今南海东侧的陆地（或陆壳）已俯冲于日本琉球岛弧带之下或沉沦于水下。在中国东部大陆边缘，据本文作者对中国东部20几幅分省区域地质图上表示的60条SN向区域性剪切走滑断裂的解析统计，晚燕山期以来，SN向断裂有两期剪切走滑：前期左行，后期右行[82]；在台湾海峡、澎湖列岛，地球物理探测也指示存在SN向的右行张扭性正断层，台湾的海岸山脉总体呈NNE向，但在台南地区则转成近SN向，迁就利用了早期存在的SN向断裂[83]。因此，从区域构造背景上来说是存在近SN向右行剪切走滑的，马尼拉海沟在俯冲以前可能曾是一条右行剪切走滑断裂。如果上述两条依据能够成立，南海就属于H型右行拉分型边缘海盆。（2）弧形边缘海盆：如白令海、鄂霍次克海、冲绳海槽、四国海槽、帕斯维拉海盆和马里亚纳海盆（参阅图2-15或图1-6）。白令海是一个弧顶朝南的边缘海盆，被认为是一个被新的岛弧-海沟系圈闭的海盆（Entrapped basin），阿留申岛弧的年龄属于古近纪，而白令海和Bowers海盆的磁条带却属于中生代[70]。但如考虑其西侧边界断裂呈近SN向，而中国东部的陆缘扩张从晚白垩世已经开始，那么它的早期是陆缘扩张的产物，后来在阿留申岛弧向南仰冲、太平洋板块向北俯冲下才转化成弧形海盆。冲绳海槽是一个弧顶朝向SSE的弧形海槽，它是陆缘扩张和弧后扩张综合作用的产物。实际上它的EW两边也存在NNE向、近NS向的右行剪切走滑断裂。考虑到整个亚洲东部大陆边缘在晚白垩世末—古近纪以来统一的区域构造背景[51，40]，白令海、鄂霍次克海、日本海和冲绳海槽在形成边缘弧形构造以前，可能都有一个边界断裂（近SN向）作右行走滑拉张的早期阶段和陆缘扩张导致裂解的陆块向SE仰冲从而形成弧形海盆的后期阶段，统一的区域地质背景有可能使这些边缘海具有相同或相似的构造型式和演化发展阶段。四国海盆、帕斯维拉海盆和马里亚纳海盆与前述弧顶朝向S或SE方向的弧形海盆不同，其弧顶朝东，成因属弧后扩张。（3）旋扭构造型边缘海盆：属于这一类的有班达海、美拉尼西亚海、加勒比海、地中海（参阅图2-15或图1-6）。它们皆发育于EW向走滑（左行或右行）剪切边界断裂的旁侧，由于主干断裂的剪切走滑而在其旁侧形成低序次的旋卷构造，除了环状的海沟和岛弧以外，在中央部位形成很深的漩涡，在李四光等[5]的地质力学专著中已有论述，不再重复。第三节 在剖面中表现的构造型式李四光所厘定的构造型式主要指共生构造在平面上的组合型式，但事实上他所厘定的一些构造型式也见于地质剖面中，如多字型、入字型、帚状和旋卷构造等，也就是说构造型式具有三维性。应该特别指出：地震层析图像的应用为我们研究地球深部面上的构造型式提供了前所未有的良好条件。钻探、物探，特别是地震剖面揭示了诸如花状构造、阶梯状地堑、地垒构造、穹状构造等。最近我国地质地球物理工作者利用地震层析解析技术对我国青藏高原、天山、秦岭-大别山、龙门山等地的深部构造研究取得了很大的进展，提出诸如印度次大陆俯冲于青藏高原呈分叉状（赵文津，2002，图2-29）[84]，川滇三江地区深部具有岩石层多向层架构造（图2-30，钟大赉，2000）[85]，秦岭地区具楔形构造（张国伟等，图231）[86]，龙门山地区具鳄鱼式构造（图2-32，蔡学林等，1995）[87]等观点，说明深部的构造型式也是丰富多彩的。不过，要注意的是地质力学对构造型式的要求强调其构造组分的同源性、同时性和具有成因联系。因此，上述地震层析图像的资料只有确认它们的同源性和同时性才能确定为某种构造型式，但这只是说明三维构造型式研究的难度，并非没有研究的前景。图2-29 青藏高原中南部高分辨率地震层析成像构造解释图[84]Fig.2-29 Tectonic interpretation of high-resolution seismic tomographic images of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet PlateauPML—部分熔融层；BNS—班公湖—怒江缝合带；JSS—金沙江缝合带；KCF—昆中断裂图2-30 研究区上地壳、中下地壳、岩石层地幔、软流层地幔构造变异示意图[85]Fig.2-30 The three dimantional diograms showing the tectonics of the upper，middle，lower parts of earth"s crust and the mantle"s tectonic change in the area of eastern boundering of Tibet plateau本图给出的是示意性框架，造山带壳内构造要复杂得多；各个圈层间的滑脱面在空间上也不是一个连续平面，因此不可能是水平叠合的；地球物理与地质上确定界面的对应问题还需今后研究中细化图2-31 秦岭河南旧县至邓州地壳与上地幔构造[86]Fig.2-31 The seimic profile showing the “weding or crocodile” tectonic type of shinling mountain areaNC—华北地壳（左侧灰色部分）；YZ—扬子地壳（右侧灰色部分）；QL1—秦岭地壳（源区为华北克拉通）；QL2—秦岭地壳（源区为扬子克拉通）；北秦岭推覆系：Ⅰ—栾川推覆体；Ⅱ—瓦穴子推覆体；Ⅲ—二郎坪推覆体；南秦岭推覆系：Ⅳ—陡岭推覆体；Ⅴ—新野推覆体；Ⅵ—枣阳推覆体；Ⅶ—襄樊推覆体；Kz—新生界；K—白垩系；Pt2-3er—二郎坪群；Pt2-3k—宽坪群；Pt3yl—跃岭河群；Pt2-3m—毛堂群；Pt1d—陡岭群；Pt2-3w—武当群；Pt1q—秦岭群；Ar3+Pt1—太华群与登封群；γ3—加里东期花岗岩；γ5—印支期与燕山期花岗岩；δγs—印支期与燕山期闪长花岗岩；M—莫霍面；MTS—主逆掩断层南部；MTN—主逆掩断层北部图2-32 龙门山碰撞带的岩石结构（示鳄鱼构造）[87]Fig.2-32 The seimic profile and it"s geological explanational diagram showing the lithosperal texture and the crocodie structure of Lonman shan areaA—地震测深剖面；B—地质解释剖面；1—新生界；2—须家河群；3—三叠系浅变质岩系；4—中生界；5—震旦系和古生界；6—元古宙中浅变质岩系；7—太古宙中深变质岩系；8—下地壳变质岩系；9—麻粒岩系；10—前震旦纪花岗岩体；11—中生代花岗岩体；12—壳幔韧性剪切带；13—壳内低速层；14—逆掩断层带；15—早期逆掩断层、晚期正断层；16—块体运移方向；17—层速度等值线（单位：km/s）；18—莫霍面；19—速度界面地球物质在地球旋转和重力场的支配下，由于重力分异作用而形成比重、密度分异的物质层，这就是固体地球内部的圈层构造（大到核、幔、壳，小至其内部的进一步分层）。这种分层应该理解为地球内部物质最重要的一种分配形式，也可理解为地球内部最普通的一种构造型式。固体地球在其旋转运动的过程中由能量的集散会产生周期性的不均匀膨胀和收缩，由于地球自转速度的变化在角动量守恒法则的支配下，也会产生地球物质周期性的膨胀和收缩。这种地球的整体膨胀和收缩所产生的最普遍的地球内部构造是一种径向辐射状的构造。由前述的同心圆状的圈层构造和这种辐射状的径向构造，组成了地球内部有如车轮式的构造（图2-33）。它可以被理解为地球内部最高一级的具有全球规模的三维构造型式。由固体圈层的差异运动亦可形成构造型式。当代地学业已证明地球内部（核、幔、壳）的旋转速度是不同的[13，17]。无论是地核、地幔，还是地壳内部还可进一步分层，各层之间的运动速度是有差异的，圈层构造之间这种差异运动会使各圈层内部变形从而形成次一级低序次的构造形迹和物质运动，形成各种构造型式，其中最普遍的型式应该是各种入字型、多字型和旋扭构造（在纵剖面上）。图2-33 现代地球中主要的物质和热对流方式示意图（转引自马宗晋，2003）[4]Fig.2-33 Mode of major material and thermal convection in the modern Earth

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