a hot potato中文翻译

由于我学习的专业的特殊性 英语怎么说 由于我学习的专业的特殊性 Because of the specialty of my study. 特点用英文怎么说 characteristic raitfeature 鉴于此会议的特殊性--英语怎么说 两个都可以，whereas比较正式，一般用在公定等东西上，后一个比较口语化。whereas the particularity of this meeting in view of the particularity of this meeting 特点用英语怎么说 特点 [词典] characteristic; distinguishing feature; peculiarity; trait; point; [例句]研究表明，女性的管理风格往往具有更强的参与式特点。 Studies have shown that women tend to be more participatory in their managementstyle. 具有 的特点 用英语怎么说 具有 的特点 用英语 unique character owned character 特殊的英文怎么说 special 特征用英语怎么说 是“特征”单词么？ 如果是，特征翻译成：characteristic. Characteristic和feature都有“特色”的意思,但characteristic基本的意思是“特征”,指恒定的、使某人或物有别于其他的人或物的属性和特质。 产品特点用英语怎么说 product highlights product features 具有……的特点 用英语怎么说？ with a .......trait with.........trait “特点”的英文是什么 特点 [ tè diǎn] trait characteristic feature 更多相关:例句与用法: 能工巧匠的特点是一丝不苟. Attention to detail is the hallmark of a fine craft *** an. 他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点，就是爱当众责备妻子。 One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his wife in public. 新的汽车设计具备最新安全措施的一切特点。 The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. 她最为突出的特点是诚实。 Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她具有亚洲人的特点。 She has Asiatic characteristics. 雄心勃勃是所有成功生意人的共同特点。 Ambition is a characteristic of all successful busines *** en.

n.质量，[统计]品质；特性；才能talent, capability, ability, identity, character

写作主题是听力的重要性。听是学习英语的基础，听力的好坏决定了口语及对英语的接受能力。作为语言，听是交际中最重要的环节。

我们目前正致力于在鲁游戏新的调查研究。请从下面这个项目的全部detials并请告知您的意见复函：1 .-编号：鲁游戏。***游戏的特殊性所需卢戈是我们需要大鲁比赛，有一大小约1米x 1米。骰子的奶酪和规模生产的，应在一个比例。2 .-有关材料，应当有一个灵活的材料。这场比赛将被用来在沙滩上玩，所以这是非常重要的电路板可以折叠。3 .-数量：请确认基于价格：* 65,000 * 120,000 *单位单位15万个单位***注意：关于这个重要课题：你提供的文章应该是100％不含PVC。我们无法接受的文章包含聚氯乙烯的。你制作了一个类似的文章吗？如果你能，请确认以下信息离岸价格对这篇文章：1 .-。请指定装运港。2 .-多少天你需要使我们的设计样品的试生产？3 .-多少天你需要出示你的货物样品后，得到我们的同意呢？4 .-包装资料：每单位纸箱，纸箱重量，纸箱尺寸5 .-提供测量你的文章可以。6 .-提供材料的文章你可以。7 .-你能提供优质的图片文章。您及时答复将高度赞赏。我希望我们能一起合作这个项目。

With the growing of national enterprise competition, whether the multinational corporations into China or Chinese companies to become multinational companies to the world, we need a high degree of executive power with a management team to support the enterprise to obtain long-term, highly competitive And development potential. Despite the ongoing multinational corporations around the world localization process, from the management localization, production and R & D localization, localization and other aspects of staff tireless efforts, but in practice the results proved that multinational companies are still faced with the brutal execution of lack of middle managers Problem. Multinational corporations in corporate personnel management, business decision management, faced with lack of execution, have resulted in an important reason for these difficulties is the corporate middle managers due to lack of execution lead to problems, to the execution of multinational companies to bring a very Challenge. Based on the special nature of transnational corporations and middle managers to perform as a research focus, this article tries to find middle-level managers for multinational companies to improve the execution of the measures. Finally, a summary of the hope that these studies can improve the middle managers of multinational implementation force generation reference.

讲究的结构是：讲(左右结构)究(上下结构)。 讲究的结构是：讲(左右结构)究(上下结构)。 词性是：形容词。 注音是：ㄐ一ㄤˇㄐ一ㄡ。 拼音是：jiǎng jiu。讲究的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】讲究jiǎngjiu。(1)值得重视或研讨的地方。(2)精美。二、引证解释⒈研究。引宋张端义《贵耳集》卷下：“何自然中丞上疏，乞朝廷_库，寿皇从之，方且讲究未定。”明徐盛《西园杂记》卷上：“向使当时有邃_者，居中与同列礼官从容讲究，俯从斯论，则圣心以慰而於国体亦全矣。”清百一居士《壶天录》卷下：“他如管_丝竹之音，靡不悉心讲究。”⒉议论。《红楼梦》第七三回：“他们走至院中，听见几个人讲究。引探春从纱窗一看，只见迎春依在_上看书，若有不闻之状，探春也笑了。”《儿女英雄传》第二八回：“他料是讲究他，他益发慢条斯理，得意洋洋；俏摆春风，谈笑自若。”⒊顶真；注重。引《红楼梦》第五六回：“姑娘们分中，自然是不敢讲究，天天和小姑娘们就吵不清。”清陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》卷一：“大抵刘蒋之词未尝无笔力，而理法气度全不讲究，是板桥、心_辈所祖，乃词中左道。”⒋考究，谓力求精美完善。亦指精美完善。引《官场现形记》第六回：“另外有个小厨房，饮食极其讲究。”许地山《无忧花》：“这两三年来，太太小姐们穿得越发讲究了，连那位黄老太太也穿得花花绿绿的。”孔厥袁静《新儿女英雄传》第十三回：“屋里油漆的家具，和大大小小的玻璃镜，都亮闪闪的，布置得挺讲究。”⒌道道儿；所谓道理。引《儿女英雄传》第三八回：“他道：‘这又算个什么呢？大伙儿都是出来取乐儿，没讲究。"”《官场现形记》第三四回：“后来听了他二人攀谈，方晓得其中还有这许多讲究。”刘绍棠《蒲柳人家》：“原来，这条兜肚大有讲究。”三、国语词典推求穷尽事物之理。如：「你别小看这小玩意儿，制造技术可是非常讲究。」四、网络解释讲究（汉语词汇）讲究，jiǎngjiu，指重视，讲求；形容词，精美；形容人非常仗义。关于讲究的近义词考究重视讲求认真关于讲究的反义词轻视粗陋随便忽视关于讲究的诗句所望讲究精所望讲究精可乏群居讲究功关于讲究的单词preciousnessfastidiousdressilyceremonialismdaintyparticularitypreciously关于讲究的成语讲经说法村学究语讲古论今刨根究底讲文张字学究天人投戈讲_高头讲章归根究柢讲信修睦关于讲究的词语讲经说法刨根究底讲信修睦村学究语高头讲章刑仁讲让学究天人讲古论今究而言之冬烘学究关于讲究的造句1、这部历史名画集，不仅内容精彩，而且装帧也极讲究，金貂换酒，令人喜爱。2、老师批评学生要实事求是，讲究分寸。3、我们无论处理什么问题，都要讲究策略。4、为人不能老是看风使舵，同时也要讲究原则。5、学习要讲究方法，不要盲目蛮干。点此查看更多关于讲究的详细信息

　我们小组拿到小面团，大家一起把面团揉成了小扁圆形，孙锐负责把面团全都擀成小面饼似的圆形面皮，然后我和梁译心用筷子夹一点馅放到“小面饼”里，接着用筷子压压馅儿，防止让它跑出来，最后我才和她小心翼翼地把饺子口合上，可是我还是不放心，又捏了捏，这才放下心。就这样，我们小组齐心协力包出了“元宝”饺子、“月亮”饺子、还有梁老师包得“小笼包”饺子……。时间到了，虽然我们组才包了60个饺子，但我们组包的饺子老师都说好看，就连副校长、校长也都夸我们包的漂亮。　　该煮饺子了，老师把我们包得饺子放进了沸腾的水中，不一会儿，大厨师掀开锅盖，饺子就像白鹅飘浮出水面上，“咕嘟咕嘟”地冒泡泡。饺子不一会儿就煮好了。当老师端着饺子走进教室的那一刻，大家高兴得又叫又嚷。老师给我们分好饺子，我不顾饺子还是很烫，迫不及待地用筷子夹起一个咬了一口，鸡肉的浓香混合着大葱的清香，扑鼻而来，好好吃哦!我觉得这是我吃过最好吃的一次饺子了。我吃了一个又一个，直到吃到肚子撑得再也放不下。　　我永远也忘不了这次包饺子大赛。

Real estate development enterprise booking business revenue recognitionSocialist market economy for the healthy development of the real estate market perfect created favorable market environment. Due to the effect of the real estate industry association to stimulate economic growth, thus plays an important role in the national economy as an important pillar industries. Standard and strengthening of the estate enterprise accounting, ensure the healthy and orderly development of real estate industry, also appears very important. The real estate industry is a special industry, the production and operation and the particularity of the product itself, and with our economic environment, the international experience, commodity house opens to booking system became necessary and short-term won"t change. This system, make booking confirmation of the income has the possibility of divergence, affirm income when will seriously affect the financial data and relevant parties, the interest income of booking confirmation standard will have different choices. Therefore, how to properly identified commodity house opens to booking income, how to provide reliable and true, accurate accounting information service for the investors, decision-making, became the core problem is studied in this paper.The basic idea is: first, to the particularity of real estate development enterprises and real estate business processes and accounting, analyzed the particularity of its accounting. Secondly, this paper introduces the real estate development of commodity house opens to booking system, analyzes the reasons and necessity. Third, puts forward the theoretical basis of revenue recognition, real estate income with income should be in accordance with the definition of domestic and international accounting regulation of income standard, and puts forward practical confirm whether the income of booking to comply with this standard. Fourth, on the basis of business income respectively discussing booking confirmation standard accounting and taxation. Finally, based on the theoretical analysis of previous accounting standards, more scientific and feasible.Text is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter, the introduction. This paper put forward the part of the problem, should study from the important position of real estate development industry research background and study drawn. And put the main content of this paper and paper logical frame structure and theory and research method.The second chapter, the characteristics of real estate development enterprises. This part is introduced comprehensively the particularity of real estate development enterprises and real estate development enterprise business flow and accounting, and accounting for real estate development enterprise particularity is analyzed.The third chapter, the real estate development of commodity house opens to booking system. This part of the commodity house opens to booking system for paper, points out its defects, although there are still in a comparatively long period. In these conditions, the time of making and opens to booking for a long time, the income apart time seriously influenced the financial data and relevant parties benefits.The fourth chapter of revenue recognition, accounting theoretical basis. This part of the

personal particulars个人资料；个人简历；个人事项；个人背景The personal particulars of the parents or guardian,must be verified against thepopulation register. 父母或监护人个人的详细说明必须通过人口登记簿证实。祝你生活愉快，学习进步如果你对这个答案有什么疑问，请追问如果满意记得采纳哦·~~

翻译如下:不知道还符合你的要求吗?How to strengthen and improve the enterprise internal control system, our country has now become the accounting, auditing theory and practical topic of most concern. Enterprises are facing domestic and international business environment changes, the continuous development of management theory, as well as in recent years due to internal control failures and management fraud happened vicious, require enterprises to improve internal control and development.Structure the effective functioning of the enterprise internal control system to ensure that the quality of accounting information, for improving the corporate governance structure and information disclosure system, protect legitimate rights and interests of investors and to ensure the effective functioning of capital markets has a very important significance.The first part of this paper to determine the purpose and significance of topics on the dissertation research methodology and the main contents of the article. Introduce the second part of the theoretical circles at home and abroad about the development of the theory of internal control processes, highlighting the internal check, internal control to the overall internal control framework of the evolutionary process. Combination of domestic and international capital markets on the internal control requirements, a description of relevant laws and regulations, and K to be the light of the company"s goals.The third section describes the basic profiles of K Company, analysis of internal control K current status quo. Report in accordance with the COSO control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and supervision of the five elements of the assessment requirements of each company to conduct a detailed analysis of the status quo. The fourth part of internal control based on the analysis of the status quo, combined with the company recently proposed in the capital markets strategy, with reference to the five elements of COSO proposed as the core financial control processes and internal control system.This study theory with practice, and because I have engaged in post particularity (the current company"s financial director K), can be a comprehensive and systematic contact with the company"s internal controls. At the same time, combined with day-to-day job to make the relevant control measures to be implemented to test the theory and methodology of the appropriateness.

礼物读法英语单词[preznt]。present，英语单词，主要用作为名词、形容词、动词[1]，作名词时意为“礼物；现在，目前；（动词）现在式；（举枪的）瞄准”，作形容词时意为“现在的；出席的；（事物）存在的。正在考虑的；现在时（态）的”，作动词时意为“颁发；赠送；提出；展现；使发生；描述；出现；主持（节目）；上演；介绍；出席；表达；提交（支票或账单）；致谢；（教堂）向主教推荐已被委任的牧师就任；向法院正式提交；举枪瞄准；（疾病）症状显露”。双语例句：1、count noun]a setback to the state could present a peril to the regime.国家遇到的挫折会威胁到政权。2、with present participle]he postponed implementing the scheme until industry and business were consulted.他延迟执行该计划，直到咨询了工业和商业部门为止。3、Parties must present their case with some degree of accuracy and particularity.各党派在介绍他们的情况时必须要有一定的准确性和详细性。4、They are happy and at peace, refusing to think beyond the present.他们快乐又安宁，不愿想以后的事。5、‘When do you want me to leave?"‘No time like the present."“你想让我什么时候离开？”“就现在。

I speak on behalf of their families and I thank you for your help brother! Paper money and we have received, thank you very much. Me and my brother are very hard to learn, learning has made great progress, the focus of hope that it will be admitted to the University! Please send a picture let us look at you! I wish you good health!

Consolidated financial statements is the internationally recognized accounting problems, this is a complex accounting of operational problems as well as an inclusive of many different schools of theory. In today"s merger wave sweeping the globe, and China"s accession to the WTO environment for a long period of time mergers, holding in particular why China"s economy will become one of the important features of. China"s accounting development still lags behind in theory and in practice there are still a lot of issues to be resolved. Goodwill is specifically formed by the merger of enterprises have unique advantages and has a higher than normal level of profitability of assets. It is just a corporate merger goodwill, which is in the process of merging to form the reputation of the enterprise itself and can not be separated from the non-identifiable, self-enterprise as well as the goodwill generated in-house brands, such as newspapers and periodicals were not Should be recognized as intangible assets. In this paper, the concept of merging the different measurement methods into goodwill, including the ownership of the theory of physical theory and the theory of the parent companies merged in accordance with the principles of law in a joint purchase of the theory. For its initial recognition and measurement of the current countries in the world in general is followed by its recognition as an asset in the balance sheet to be listed separately at the same time its costs for its initial measurement. The accounting treatment of the debate focused on the merger of goodwill and recognition of the follow-up measures on. For the combined goodwill with the follow-up measures to confirm the problem had existed as follows several typical accounting treatment: an immediate write-off law, permanent law, the law system, amortization, impairment test. As the non-amortization of goodwill and impairment testing methods for the information provided to more truly reflect the real value of goodwill, more in line with the quality of accounting information requests related to the care of the needs, the impairment test In the international accounting organizations is widely recognized. Goodwill impairment is the special treatment should be at least a year at the end of the year for impairment testing, the impairment test and international norms are different, mainly in terms of time and the ability to transfer different, and not to adopt international norms The unit outputs the definition of cash. Impairment criteria: the end of each year, the business should be conducted goodwill impairment test. However, due to goodwill arising from the independent cash flow is difficult, therefore, should be combined with the goodwill associated with the assets of groups or combinations of group assets for impairment testing. Goodwill is now faced with a number of accounting problems, both on the theoretical structure of financial accounting principles, including the impact of the impact and the impact of the target and at the same time and their own differences more and the related assets, such as group or combination of group assets can not be accurately defined by After follow-up measures the value of the existence of a doubt, difficult to accurately assess fair value, not back to the impairment of goodwill, increased the initial measurement of goodwill, and other risks. This article on China"s goodwill accounting issues have been studied, and they hope to improve our accounting theory, accounting practice to guide our benefit.

power distribution system[英][u02c8pauu0259 u02ccdistriu02c8bju:u0283u0259n u02c8sistu0259m][美][u02c8pau028au025a u02ccdu026astru0259u02c8bjuu0283u0259n u02c8su026astu0259m]动力分配系统; 例句:1.It will hold six batteries for power storage and will use a 120v dc power distributionsystem, compared to apollo"s three-battery storage and 28v dc system. 与阿波罗的3个电池储备和28伏的直流系统相比，猎户飞船将有6个电池的电力储存，使用120伏的直流电源分配系统。2.Because of the environment of the geographical location, the city grids displays itsparticularity in the aspects of exterior security distance, the environment beautification,the exterior influence on supplies in electrical power distribution system, and so on. 城市电网因所处的地理环境存在其特殊性，表现在外部安全距离、环境美化，外部对于供配电系统的影响等方面。

Special Area of Emphasis重点领域双语例句1Simple theory is a special area of interest ( domain-specific), socompared with the traditional cognitive research, this theory in thedomain-specific cognitive development of children under the guidanceof research, greater emphasis on the particularity of the field and therole of knowledge and experience Pay more attention to actual socialsituations in the research.This study was designed to interview children4-6 years explorations of the physical phenomena of the shadow ofknowledge, science for the kindergarten teaching activities provide thetheoretical basis.朴素理论关注的是特殊领域，因此与传统的认知研究相比，这种在领域特殊性理论指导下的儿童认知发展研究，更加强调领域的特殊性和知识经验的作用，更加重视在实际社会情境中的研究。本研究旨在通过访谈探查4-6岁幼儿对影子这一物理现象的认知，为幼儿园科学领域的教学活动提供相应的依据。2A fourth area of emphasis related to the special problems of societiesemerging from crisis situations resulting from natural or man-madedisasters or conflicts.第四个重点领域涉及摆脱危机情形后的社会由于遭受自然或人为灾害或冲突而出现的特殊问题。

Aviation service personnel and general service personnel"s difference Introduction: .............................................................................. 1. Service personnel"s implication 1.1 aviation service personnel"s implication and scope 1.2 general service personnel"s meaning and scope 2. The aviation service personnel general service personnel the political quality 2.2 aviation service personnel who should have in the political aspect particular 2.1 aviation service personnel should have patriotically educates the law which 2.3 aviation service personnel should have to realize 3. The geography history general knowledge which the aviation service personnel general service personnel the safe consciousness which should have in the basic general knowledge aspect particular 3.1 aviation service personnel and guards against which 3.2 aviation service personnel to be supposed to have the medicine general knowledge and the emergency procedures 3.3 aviation service personnel should have 4. Aviation service personnel general service personnel in vivid quality aspect particular 4.1 aviation service personnel"s individual physical quality 4.2 aviation service personnel"s individual psychological quality 4.3 aviation service personnel personally vivid question 5. Aviation service personnel general service personnel"s on service object difference 6. “The spatial clothing is hot” the reason 6.1 aviation service personnel"s wages and welfare treatment aspect 6.1.1 aviation service personnel"s wages which produces, high 6.1.2 aviation service personnel"s insurance, integrity 6.1.3 aviation service personnel"s welfare, munificent 6.2 common crowds to aviation service blindness The conclusion thanks the refined language reference

I. Overview of Campus Media (A) the definition of campus media Campus Media (Campus Media) on campus to promote well-known institutions spiritco term thinking put forward the concept of prepared special media. The main means of media forms for college students and for the sub-groups of college students conducted marketing activities. Summary, the campus media, is a bridge link between university and the role of media institutions or build enterprise platform for interaction with the students. This can be media (communication), Inc., campus advertising (publicity) Companies can also be an individual, student groups, businesses and other organizations and groups or individuals, where the campus is specific institutions of higher education, excluding vocational education, primary education, secondary education and below. (B) of the school the difference between the media and other media Campus media and other important difference is that the media, campus media can not be too commercial, schools on the campus in varying degrees of acceptance of new media, which determines the special nature of the media on campus, so to create a media covering the challenges of college is great. (C) for the campus media advertising products: Code categories: digital camera, computer, notebook, MP3, MP4, etc. Communications: mobile phones, PHS, mobile communications, such as tariff packages Education and training several training classes: that something was English 4 / 6, study abroad, professional certificates, driving, etc. Food: instant noodles, biscuits, beverages, puffed food, candy, chocolate, snack foods, etc. Clothing: sportswear, casual wear, sports shoes, wear, etc. Consumer Staples: shampoo, shower gel, cosmetics, women care products, etc. Financial categories: bank card, student credit cards, student loans, venture Entertainment: Online Games, recruitment websites, mobile sites, Happy Valley and other places of entertainment (D) the characteristics of the campus market: 1. Closed. College students with little contact with television media, information and more from broadcasting and the Internet, the popularization and dissemination of information mainly by word of mouth among students, formed a relatively closed circle but an active consumer market, the product acceptance and mainly relies on its reputation in the college market, that is, the students circle the word of mouth consumer is the use of relationship marketing practices in key markets. 2. Large capacity. Information, along with higher education in recent years of continuous enrollment, the size has grown as of 2005, China"s higher education students in school will number more than 16 million, if the students on average consumption per person 5,000 yuan, the annual consumption will be high as more than 800 billion, on businessmen and enterprises, which means a huge, high-quality formation of a new consumer market, but also the future of the consumer market will occupy a major share can not be ignored 3. Development costs low. Currently, companies operating in the campus is not very intense, a business school to enter the market than to seize their share of the market in general is much easier, much lower cost. 4. Concentration. Campus market consumer focus, enterprise activities through effective promotion, so spend some relatively low cost. Moreover, effective communication on the market than the campus more quickly and directly 5. Continuity. Campus is the future market-oriented, and have continuity. Business occupying the market will not only bring short-term benefits of goods, and, generation college students have the knowledge capital to the main mental, advocating quality of life and have a distinct brand awareness is the formation of China"s new middle class and led the young family of consumer trends important pillar of the future society will become the leading force in the consumer. 6. Cultural uniqueness. College campus culture is culture, is a part of social culture, with popular and unique integrated features. New generation of college students interested in all kinds of fashion, the trend of "cultural entertainment" approach, as manifest their individual ways, these developments indicate that the education market is huge potential for cultural consumption. University culture in the process of popularization, it will trigger a new round of cultural consumption boom, the rapid development of the network, so speed up the dissemination and expansion of campus culture, this trend will be broken in the past only as a social and cultural campus culture sub-culture phenomenon exists, and from every campus culture together into a unified, interactive, active overall, making cultural consumption can not be neglected a consumer focus.

What is to work toS.你可以直接打如下的人工：丶029---6888---8733--plasticity, use diversity, and fortitude character, conformity, a set of practical life and mental state. The particularity of bamboo mix, make it maintained a strong vitality in the traditional culture.HGH

讲究的网络解释是：讲究（汉语词汇）讲究，jiǎngjiu，指重视，讲求；形容词，精美；形容人非常仗义。 讲究的网络解释是：讲究（汉语词汇）讲究，jiǎngjiu，指重视，讲求；形容词，精美；形容人非常仗义。 词性是：形容词。 拼音是：jiǎng jiu。 注音是：ㄐ一ㄤˇㄐ一ㄡ。 结构是：讲(左右结构)究(上下结构)。讲究的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】讲究jiǎngjiu。(1)值得重视或研讨的地方。(2)精美。二、引证解释⒈研究。引宋张端义《贵耳集》卷下：“何自然中丞上疏，乞朝廷_库，寿皇从之，方且讲究未定。”明徐盛《西园杂记》卷上：“向使当时有邃_者，居中与同列礼官从容讲究，俯从斯论，则圣心以慰而於国体亦全矣。”清百一居士《壶天录》卷下：“他如管_丝竹之音，靡不悉心讲究。”⒉议论。《红楼梦》第七三回：“他们走至院中，听见几个人讲究。引探春从纱窗一看，只见迎春依在_上看书，若有不闻之状，探春也笑了。”《儿女英雄传》第二八回：“他料是讲究他，他益发慢条斯理，得意洋洋；俏摆春风，谈笑自若。”⒊顶真；注重。引《红楼梦》第五六回：“姑娘们分中，自然是不敢讲究，天天和小姑娘们就吵不清。”清陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》卷一：“大抵刘蒋之词未尝无笔力，而理法气度全不讲究，是板桥、心_辈所祖，乃词中左道。”⒋考究，谓力求精美完善。亦指精美完善。引《官场现形记》第六回：“另外有个小厨房，饮食极其讲究。”许地山《无忧花》：“这两三年来，太太小姐们穿得越发讲究了，连那位黄老太太也穿得花花绿绿的。”孔厥袁静《新儿女英雄传》第十三回：“屋里油漆的家具，和大大小小的玻璃镜，都亮闪闪的，布置得挺讲究。”⒌道道儿；所谓道理。引《儿女英雄传》第三八回：“他道：‘这又算个什么呢？大伙儿都是出来取乐儿，没讲究。"”《官场现形记》第三四回：“后来听了他二人攀谈，方晓得其中还有这许多讲究。”刘绍棠《蒲柳人家》：“原来，这条兜肚大有讲究。”三、国语词典推求穷尽事物之理。如：「你别小看这小玩意儿，制造技术可是非常讲究。」关于讲究的近义词考究重视认真讲求关于讲究的反义词粗陋随便轻视忽视关于讲究的诗句可乏群居讲究功义理彝伦精讲究所望讲究精关于讲究的单词dressilyfastidiousdaintypreciousnessparticularityceremonialismpreciously关于讲究的成语讲信修睦投戈讲_学究天人讲古论今高头讲章刨根究底归根究柢村学究语讲文张字讲经说法关于讲究的词语学究天人高头讲章刑仁讲让推究根源讲文张字投戈讲_冬烘学究讲古论今村学究语究而言之关于讲究的造句1、为人不能老是看风使舵，同时也要讲究原则。2、老师批评学生要实事求是，讲究分寸。3、如今儿女结亲，都不讲究什么门当户对了，只要孩子们感情好比啥都好。4、打仗，一定要讲究战略战术，有勇无谋，赤膊上阵，是难以打胜仗的。5、学习要讲究方法，不要盲目蛮干。点此查看更多关于讲究的详细信息

n.矛盾;否认，反驳

中国的民航也不垄断。开展有客运业务的航空公司起码超过十家了吧。

It is the important component of retailer"s management to supply the chain and manage, accompany by science and technology to be heavy to develop constantly, competition of global range becoming fiercer, enterprises face the unprecedented challenge and existence pressure, the traditional management mode can no longer already meet the constantly changeable market requirement. The competitions of modern enterprises have already developed into and supplied the chain and supplied the competition between the chains. The lifelike agricultural products trade of our country came into the era of growing the fresh supermarket from the market of farm produce gradually, for the particularity of the products, supply chain management and play a role in lowering costs and improving enterprise"s operation efficiency too in growing the fresh supermarket. But some drawbacks exist yet in the native supply chain management of growing the fresh supermarket of our country at present, this text study from storage, goods person who provide and deliver angle native fresh supermarket supply chain current situation of management, propose reforming the route, promote native"s competitiveness of market of the fresh supermarket.

轻轻的我走了带走我的二分

特质的结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。特质的结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。注音是：ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。拼音是：tèzhì。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。二、引证解释⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”三、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。四、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特色特点特征特性关于特质的反义词共性关于特质的单词qualitiesfemininityqualityidiosyncrasytraitratingpeculiarityparticularityidiosyncratic关于特质的成语特立独行兰质薰心孤特独立兰质熏心圭璋特达关于特质的词语英特迈往异军特起孤特独立蕙心兰质兰质熏心单特孑立圭璋特达羊质虎形特立独行_璋特达关于特质的造句1、罂粟花是一种美丽异常的花朵，它的这种美丽成就了果实的某种野心，人们利用了这种美丽，使之成为了罪恶之源，罂粟花本身是没有任何香味的，所以本不具备媚惑人心的特质。是拥有不洁净心灵的人类将罪恶之手伸向了它。2、随着指尖流淌的信息，在背负这些信息的同时我们已经丧失了天真烂漫的特质。3、但是那些有力量和气魄而缺少长相优势的夫妇则最好生男孩，因为这些性格特质对于男性来说更有用。4、作者抓住小草什么和什么的特质，歌颂了什么的美德和什么、什么的人际关系。5、任何一次重大灾难都有两种明显的后果，一是改变现实世界的面貌，把人类逼回到最原始的生死边缘；二是给整个民族留下刻骨铭心的记忆，进而潜移默化地影响着这个民族的心理特质。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

Literature review on the influence of cultural differences on English Listening重点词汇释义中外China and foreign countries; at home and abroad文化差异cultural difference英语听力English listening comprehension文献literature; document综述summarize; round up; sum up

特质的读音是：tèzhì。特质的拼音是：tèzhì。注音是：ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。二、引证解释⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”三、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。四、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特点特色特征特性关于特质的反义词共性关于特质的单词peculiarityidiosyncrasyparticularityqualityidiosyncraticqualitiestraitratingfemininity关于特质的成语特立独行兰质薰心圭璋特达孤特独立兰质熏心关于特质的词语蕙心兰质兰质熏心兰质薰心圭璋特达异军特起单特孑立孤特独立羊质虎形虎皮羊质_璋特达关于特质的造句1、但是那些有力量和气魄而缺少长相优势的夫妇则最好生男孩，因为这些性格特质对于男性来说更有用。2、随着指尖流淌的信息，在背负这些信息的同时我们已经丧失了天真烂漫的特质。3、勇气是人类最重要的一种特质，倘若有了勇气，人类其它的特质自然也就具备了。4、任何一次重大灾难都有两种明显的后果，一是改变现实世界的面貌，把人类逼回到最原始的生死边缘；二是给整个民族留下刻骨铭心的记忆，进而潜移默化地影响着这个民族的心理特质。5、抛开一些已养成的大人行为或习惯，不要剥夺与天俱来的纯真特质。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

特质的反义词有：共性。特质的反义词有：共性。注音是：ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。拼音是：tèzhì。结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。二、引证解释⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”三、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。四、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特性特点特色特征关于特质的单词idiosyncrasyqualitiespeculiarityfemininitytraitratingidiosyncraticqualityparticularity关于特质的成语兰质薰心孤特独立兰质熏心圭璋特达特立独行关于特质的词语虎皮羊质兰质熏心异军特起英特迈往孤特独立圭璋特达单特孑立羊质虎形蕙心兰质兰质薰心关于特质的造句1、勇气是人类最重要的一种特质，倘若有了勇气，人类其它的特质自然也就具备了。2、看似杂乱无章的气流与大雾，在他视野中，有着迥然有异的特质。3、每个人自有特质，何必如东施效颦般胡乱模仿？4、罂粟花是一种美丽异常的花朵，它的这种美丽成就了果实的某种野心，人们利用了这种美丽，使之成为了罪恶之源，罂粟花本身是没有任何香味的，所以本不具备媚惑人心的特质。是拥有不洁净心灵的人类将罪恶之手伸向了它。5、抛开一些已养成的大人行为或习惯，不要剥夺与天俱来的纯真特质。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

侯岩波 孙建平 张健 孙强 李绍勇基金项目:国家科技重大专项《山西沁水盆地南部煤层气直井开发示范工程》(编号2009ZX05060)作者简介:侯岩波,1983年出生,男,河北迁安人,硕士,2009年毕业于中国矿业大学(北京)地质工程专业,现在中联煤层气有限责任公司从事煤层气勘探开发工作。E-mail:hybjerry@163.com(中联煤层气有限责任公司 北京 100011)摘要:煤层气储层特征等方面与常规天然气储层的差异,决定了煤层气钻井、完井、储层保护等技术的特殊性。在不断试验和总结的基础上,本文研究出了一整套适合煤层气开发的定向井钻井工艺技术及井身质量控制措施,符合产业化、商业化开发煤层气对降低钻井及生产成本的诉求,对经济高效开发煤层气具有借鉴意义。关键词:煤层气 定向井 钻井工艺 井身质量Drilling Technology in Coalbed Methane Directional WellHOU Yanbo SUN Jianping ZHANG Jian SUN Qing LI Shaoyong(China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100011, China)Abstract: The reservoir of coal bed methane has many differences from conventional natural gas.These differences determine particularity of coal bed methane in drilling, well completion and reservoir protection.In the foundation of continuous experiment and summarize, this article study out a technical system in the drilling tech- nology in directional coal bed methane well and well quality controlling.These meet the requirements of reduce drilling and production cost in coal bed methane industrialization and commercialization.It has reference signifi- cance in exploiting coal bed methane economically and efficiently.Keywords: coal bed methane; directional well; drilling technology; well quality柿庄南区块位于沁水盆地南部太行山西麓,行政隶属于山西省晋城市沁水县及高平市。该区向北距山西省省会太原260公里,向东南距晋城市60公里,区块总面积约388km2,3#煤层资源丰度1.69亿m3/km2,本区块已成功开发了400余口煤层气井,单井平均产气量>1000m3/d。由于本区山峦重叠,沟壑纵横,森林密布,从保护环境,降低征地及钻前施工难度方面考虑,在局部地形复杂、林地密集地区部署2至4口定向井的丛式井井组进行煤层气开发,丛式井还可有效降低地面集输建设成本及日后排采的生产管理成本,是一种适用于该地区煤层气大规模开发的钻井技术。1 地质概况柿庄南区块第四系黄土层厚约30m,开发3#煤层钻遇基岩地层自上而下依次为刘家沟组、石千峰组、上石盒子组、下石盒子组、山西组、太原组(未钻穿),完钻原则为3#煤层底板以下50m,详见表1,总体而言该区地质条件简单,煤储层埋深适中,煤层气资源丰度高,开发条件优越。表1 柿庄南区块地层特征简表2 施工设计以TS04C丛式井井组为例,该井组包括4口定向井,大门方向86°,磁偏角为-2.9°,井口间距5m且呈直线排开,设计时应充分考虑防碰措施,合理安排钻井顺序,使各井设计方位呈放射状分布,井眼轨迹不互相交错,具体设计见图1、图2。成井工艺:一开井径φ311.15mm,钻至稳定基岩10m完钻,下入φ244.5mm×8.94mm表层套管,固井水泥需返至地面,二开井径φ15.9mm,钻至井深100m左右,开始改用螺杆钻具定向钻进,采用直-增-稳三段制井身剖面,最终稳斜至3#煤以下50m井深完钻,下入φ139.7mm×7.72mm生产套管固井。图1 TS04C井组水平投影图图2 TS04-4D井身轨迹数据3 钻井设备与钻具3.1 设备钻机:TSJ-2000;GZ2000;GZ2600。钻塔:A字型,负荷≥700KN。泥浆泵:3NB-350;3NB-500;3NB-800,排量20~30L/s。动力:12V135,8V190,12V190柴油机。3.2 钻具及其他φ127mm钻杆、φ159mm无磁钻铤、φ159mm钻铤、φ165mm(1.25°/1.5°)单弯螺杆、φ214mm稳定器、单点照相/电子测斜仪。4 钻井工艺4.1 泥浆工艺一开用膨润土粉、纯碱、烧碱、少量的聚丙烯酰胺钾盐KPAM及钠羧甲基纤维素CMC等有机处理剂配置低固相钻井液。纯碱及烧碱主要起改善粘土的水化分散相能,起到降失水、增粘和调节泥浆PH值的作用。CMC降失水剂提高了粘土颗粒的聚结稳定性,有利于保持钻井液中细颗粒的含量,形成致密的滤饼,降低滤失量,抑制泥岩等水敏地层膨胀,能有效巩固井壁,此外还有增粘作用,提高钻井液的携带岩屑能力,使含砂量降低,有效控制有害固相含量,减少重复破岩的几率,可延长钻头及螺杆等钻具的使用寿命,提高钻进效率。KPAM具有控制地层造浆的作用并兼有降失水、改善流型及增加润滑性等功能,能起到稳定井壁、降低钻井液滤失量,达到提高钻速的作用。在钻至目的煤层时,钻井液换用清水钻进直至完钻,若钻遇漏层或易垮地层,在保护储层的前提下可适当调整泥浆性能,酌情填加堵漏剂及其他处理剂以保证工程顺利完成。煤层段钻井液性能:密度1.02~1.05g/cm3,粘度22~25s,pH值7.5~8.5,含砂量<0.2%。4.2 表层钻进技术钻具组合:φ311.15mm三牙轮钻头+φ159mm钻铤+φ127mm钻杆。一开井段为第四系黄土层并含少量卵石,结构疏松,易漏易垮,钻进时主要保证不漏,适当调整泥浆,在钻进开始时要慢钻、吊打,保证不塌、打直,控制泵压、排量,防止把黄土层打漏。一开采用φ311.15mm牙轮钻头钻进,钻压30~50KN,泵压2MPa。一开钻穿基岩超过10m后完钻,下入φ244.5mm×8.94mmJ55表层套管,套管节箍与地面水平,采用密度1.80g/cm3水泥固井并返至地面。4.3 直井段钻井技术钻具组合:φ215.9mm钻头+φ159mm钻铤+φ127mm钻杆。二开直井段地层以砂岩、泥岩为主,可钻性较好,采用常规塔式钻具结构,为防止井斜钻进参数仍采用轻压吊打原则,并每钻进30m测斜一次,尽早跟踪监测井斜及方位变化,做好防碰,降低施工风险。4.4 定向造斜段钻井技术钻具组合:φ215.9mm钻头+φ165mm(1.25°/1.5°)单弯螺杆+φ159mm无磁钻铤+φ159mm钻铤*6根+φ127mm钻杆。二开钻进至井深约100m时开始定向造斜,造斜定向造斜时要锁死转盘,采用单弯螺杆或直螺杆加弯接头定向造斜。测斜仪器要定期校正罗盘,保证数据采集准确,钻进1至2个单根测斜一次,螺杆钻进井段测斜间距≤20m。应在定向初期控制好井斜、方位,以防工具面常摆不到位,难以控制。在防碰井段及定向造斜段钻进时,钻井队要加密测点,勤计算,勤作图,密切掌握和预测井眼轨迹的变化;勤捞砂样观察是否出现水泥钻屑;认真分析蹩、跳钻现象。钻进参数:钻压50~60KN,泵压3~4MPa,螺杆马达转速200~300r/min,钻进过程中根据井眼轨迹实时调节钻进参数,方位误差变大则转速降低稳步控制方位。考虑到煤层气井排采生产的特殊性、稳定性与连续性,产能建设单位对井眼轨迹尤其是定向造斜段有着较高要求,井眼轨迹越平滑曲率越小,泵抽系统与地层间的偏磨损耗则越小,越有利于生产单位连续稳定排采,因此要求造斜段造斜率≤4°/30m,造斜和扭方位井段连续三个测点的全角变化率≤5°/25m。4.5 稳斜段钻井技术钻具组合:φ215.9mm钻头+φ214mm稳定器+φ159mm无磁钻铤+φ159mm钻铤×6根+φ127mm钻杆。由于采用直-增-稳三段制井身剖面,稳斜段原则上不允许下调顶角,为了避免出现定向井井眼轨迹失控现象,钻井施工中应以过程控制为重点。稳斜段要求送钻及钻速均匀,保证钻具负荷均匀,平稳工作。钻具组合在钻穿煤层时尽量去掉稳定器,虽煤层段以下井斜会微降2°~3°,但可有效防止煤层段井径严重垮塌,避免埋钻等事故发生几率,降低钻井施工风险。根据要求靶点闭合方位误差小于5°,靶区半径20m,稳斜段钻井技术的核心就是严密控制井眼轨迹及方位漂移情况,根据测斜情况及时调整钻井参数及钻具组合,保证该井顺利中靶,主要措施是调整稳定器安放位置,改变稳定器外径,调整钻铤长度及钻压等参数以达到稳斜稳方位效果,在实际应用中,双扶钟摆钻具的井眼轨迹控制效果最佳,双扶可以有效减少局部狗腿问题,使轨迹更平滑,虽然增加了钻井的难度,但是为后期完井和下套管作业打下了较好的基础。钻进参数:钻压80~120KN,泵压3MPa。完钻后下入φ139.7mm×7.72mmJ55生产套管,通过在套管鞋和回压凡尔之间下入一根3m左右的短套管,可有效增加排采口袋长度,在增斜段等狗腿较大井段增加套管扶正器安放个数,采用密度1.65g/cm3水泥固井,水泥浆返至目的煤层以上200m。5 煤层气定向井钻井新工艺目前,钻井施工单位为提高钻进效率,普遍采用螺杆钻具和转盘相结合的复合钻进技术,从而减少旗下钻次数,并通过转盘和螺杆水力马达的配合提高机械转速,此外如需调整井斜与扭方位,不需起下钻,可根据井眼轨迹情况随时调整,对钻井轨迹控制及时高效,若与PDC配合组成四合一钻具结构,一趟钻便可完成从二开到完井,可以明显缩短钻井周期并将井身轨迹控制到最优。钻具组合:φ215.9mmPDC钻头+φ165mm.1.25°单弯螺杆+φ159mm钻铤×3m+φ210mm稳定器+φ165mm定向接头(0°)+φ159mm无磁钻铤+φ159mm钻铤+φ127mm钻杆。钻进参数:钻压50~60KN,泵压3~4MPa,螺杆马达转速200~300r/min。由于对煤层气井定向井井身轨迹及钻进效率要求越来越高,可以引入MWD技术与复合钻进技术相结合,可以更好更方便地控制井眼轨迹,提高钻进效率。由于低成本钻井技术是目前中国煤层气资源开发的趋势,照搬应用常规油气田开发的随钻测井装备及技术会对钻井成本产生较大影响,但随着煤层气的大规模开发和对钻井工程提出越来越高的要求,不久的将来会出现适用于中国煤层气开发现状的MWD和LWD技术,其有着非常广阔的发展前景。6 结论(1)采用丛式井钻井技术开发煤层气资源,可节约土地资源,保护环境并有效降低地面集输工程及后期生产运营成本,经济效果显著。(2)直-增-稳三段制井身剖面可靠合理,最有利于井身轨迹的控制和钻井施工,适宜煤层气的排采生产。(3)不同井段在钻进过程中结合地层及井眼轨迹实际情况合理优化钻进参数,过程控制是定向井钻井技术的关键,只有严密监测井身轨迹并结合高效的钻井工艺,才能保证每口井以最优的井眼轨迹顺利中靶。(4)使用四合一钻具结构有很强的稳斜、稳方位能力,并减少起下钻次数,与MWD相结合可减少井眼轨迹失控风险,并能有效提高钻进时效。参考文献吕贵州.2010.定向井的井身轨迹控制[J].陕西煤炭,1:85~86吴小建.2006.螺杆钻定向钻探技术在煤层气钻井中的应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),11:48~49席红喜,刘强,刘星光.2005.丛式井钻井技术在陕北油田的应用[J].科技情报开发与经济,15(7):293~294

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 藏羚羊的英文简介及有关英文资料 解析: Tibetan Antelope Latin scientific name: Pantholops hodgsoni English is well-known: Tibetan antelope or Chiru Chinese alternative name: Tibetan Antelope and long angle sheep hide well-known transliteration: Zu Classify: Ou hoof eye , Niu Ke and depository Ling is. Is similar in apperance Mongolian gazelle, but it is much big. Shoulder height: 80 — 85 centimetre( male) 70s — 75 centimetre( female) Weight: 35 —( male) 24 of 40 kgs — 28 kgs( female) Form: Arms and legs are symmetrical, strong. End is short , end tip. Coherent body is dense by woollen rich fine hair, hair has straight shape. Particularity: There is still a little bag in every nostril, its role is to carry out respiration for help on air thin highland. Woollen colour: Male a sheep , Geng , top weak palm brown colour, summer is deep and winter is shallow, belly department is white, volume surface and 4 leg have conspicuous shading notes, female sheep and pure Huang He, belly department is white. Angle is long: Adult maleness angle length is upright, angle tip tiny bend , 50 — 60 centimetres ( female have no angle ) Life: Normally, do not exceed 8 years old Habits: Integrated 10 is few arrive 1000 do not wait population, life is in elevation, 4300 metres is to 5100 metres ( minimum 3250 metres and highest 5500 metres ) on the meadow and high and cold desert and steppe of high mountain, look for meal sooner or later, good runs. Summer female move pupil north along regular route, 6 — July returns after producing son to live through the winter land is sociable with male sheep, 11 — December mating, each foetus 1 sons. There is few population to be moved. Spread: Limit to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau only, with Qiang pool is central, south is on the north of Lhasa, north is to Kunlun Mountains, east is to the Tibet north of Changdu Prefecture with Qinghai southwest, west has few occasionally to Sino-Indian boundary flow in Indian boundary from this La-Da-Ke. Quantity: Is less than seventy-five thousands( 1999 estimate, rein doctor according to summer) protection rank: First-grade State protection animal nature reserve: For protection Tibetan Antelope and other Qinghai-Tibet Plateau peculiar rare animal, country sets up A Er in 1983 Jinshan national nature reserve, in 1992, set up Qiang pool nature reserve, in 1995 sets up cocoa west provincial-level nature reserve, 1997 base rising is national nature reserve. 2000 sets up 3 rivers to e from Ran protection zone Depository Ling the domestic first level protection of vassal state animal. 藏羚羊 拉丁文学名：Pantholops hodgsoni 英文名：Tibetan antelope或Chiru 中文别名：藏羚羊、长角羊 藏名译音：Zu 分 类：偶蹄目、牛科、藏羚属。形似黄羊，但大得多。 肩 高：80—85厘米(雄) 70—75厘米(雌) 体 重：35—40公斤(雄) 24—28公斤(雌) 形 态：四肢匀称、强健。尾短小、端尖。通体被毛丰厚绒密，毛形直。 特殊性：每个鼻孔内还有1个小囊，其作用是为了帮助在空气稀薄的高原上进行呼吸。 毛 色：雄羊头、颈、上部淡棕褐色，夏深而冬浅，腹部白色，额面和四条腿有醒目黑斑记，雌羊纯黄褐，腹部白色。 角 长：成年雄性角长笔直，角尖微内弯，50—60厘米(雌性无角) 寿 命：一般不超过8岁 习 性：集成十几到上千只不等的种群，生活在海拔4300米到5100米(最低3250米，最高5500米)的高山草原、草甸和高寒荒漠上，早晚觅食，善奔跑。 夏季雌性沿固定路线向北迁徒，6—7月产仔之后返回越冬地与雄羊合群，11—12月交配，每胎1仔。有少数种群不迁徙。 分 布：只限青藏高原，以羌塘为中心，南至 *** 以北，北至昆仑山，东至 *** 昌都地区北部和青海西南部，西至中印边界，偶尔有少数由此流入印度境内拉达克。 数 量：少于75000只(1999年估计，据夏勒博士) 保护级别：国家一级保护动物 自然保护区：为了保护藏羚羊和其它青藏高原特有的珍稀动物，国家于1983年成立阿尔金山国家级自然保护区，1992年，成立羌塘自然保护区，1995年成立可可西里省级自然保护区，1997年底上升为国家级自然保护区。 2000年成立三江源自然保护区 藏羚属国家一级保护动物。

unit1=unit one读音["ju:nit] [w^n]

A Trip to the Yu Yuan Garden 逛豫园 　　Key Sentences（重点句子） 　　410.Where do you intend to take a trip today？ 　　您想到什么地方去旅游呢？ 　　411.I suppose we"d better go to famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the city of Shanghai. 　　我想我们去有名的豫园，它坐落在上海老城的南端。 　　412.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel，let"s set off right now. 　　汽车已在旅馆前门等候，让我们马上出发吧。 　　413.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is on ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　这个花园名叫豫园，它是一座古老的花园，已有400年历史。 　　414.Please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you？ 　　请允许我们打听一下这个花园的历史，好吗？ 　　415.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty. 　　首先，我要告诉你们的是这座花园创建于明朝。 　　416.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　往后花园经过近百年的重建和修复。 　　417.The garden has an area of only several hectares. 　　此花园面积仅几公顷。 　　418.Vistors are struck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout. 　　但是来访者都被它独创性的建筑风格和奇异的布局所吸引。 　　419.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　这里保存着珍贵的文化遗迹。 　　420.We are deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　我们都被它的有趣的历史深深地吸引住了。 　　421.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s-eye view from there. 　　我们是否到它的顶楼上去俯视一下。 　　422.That sounds tempting. 　　听起来很诱人。 　　423.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　龙头塑造得非常漂亮，它高傲地在那里仰望。 　　424.We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　我们从没有看到过如此奇特的岩石。 　　425.Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture. 　　现在，让我们来到另一个宏伟大厅，在这里你可以看到各种古老的家具。 　　426.It"s authentically worthwhile to appreciate it. 　　非常值得欣赏一番。 　　Dialogue A 　　A：Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Today"s a sunny day.Where do you intend to take a trip today？ 　　B：Good morning，Mr.Wang.We"d like to put ourselves completely in your hand.Just lead the way，please. 　　A：I suppose we"d better go to the famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the old city of Shanghai.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel.Let"s set off right now. 　　（After a while，they reach the destination） 　　A：Here we are.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is an ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　B：Oh，I see. 　　C：Hello：Bob.I want to have a couple of photos taken at the garden"s gate as a background，you can have some Pictures taken，too. 　　A：It seems quite ideal to take some photos here. 　　B： Mr.Wang，please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you？ 　　A：With pleasure.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　B：In that case，it"s quite ancient indeed.In the meantime，I guess it"s a hard job to do the restoration. 　　A：Yes，it was.The garden has an area of only several hectares，Visitors are stuck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout.There are more than 30 places of distinctive and fascinating scenes like ponds，chambers，pavilions and artificial rockeries.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　B：Oh，we"re deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　A：Look，please.That is Overlooking Hall.It has three stories.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s eye view from there. 　　C：Oh，that sounds interesting. 　　A：In the past，from the top floor of the hall，we could seethe Huangpu River，but not now，because of the geological transformation in the course of history.That is the Yu Yuan Garden Bazaar and in the midst of it there is a popular tea room near the Nine Zigzag Bridge.If you are dreaming of having a cup of the distinguished Chinese green tea，we"ll be going there later on. 　　B：That sounds tempting.We feel a bit thirsty.We"re anxious to have a drink there. 　　A：Let"s go and see other places，please. 　　B：All right，let"s step ahead.What"s that？ 　　A：Let me see.Ah，it"s the dragon wall.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　C：Hello，Bob，please have a photo taken for me here！ 　　B：OK.Ready！Cheese.You"ve got a good shot，Miss Jenny. 　　A：Here is a special rock，named Yu Ling Long which has four particularities so far as we know plenty of holes，absorptive capacity，genuine quality，and peculiar construction and what not. 　　B：Oh，how marvellous！We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　A：Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture.They are made of old tree"s roots and carved with exquisite craft. 　　C：They"re really rare and precious.It"s authentically worth- while to appreciate it. 　　A：It"s time for us to take lunch now. 　　B：Let"s go and have a rest.And we"ll take a good meal here. 　　Words and Expressions 　　destination n.目的地，终点；目标，目的 　　explanation n.介绍，说明 　　remembrance n.纪念；纪念品；回忆 　　construct v.建筑；构筑 　　restore v.（使）恢复，（使）修复；重建 　　hectare n.公顷（略作ha.） 　　ingenious a.机灵的；有独创性的 　　architecture n.建筑学；建筑风格；建筑式样 　　exotic a.外来的；奇异的 　　layout n.布局；陈设；设计 　　fascinate v.（使）迷住；（使）吸引住 　　chamber n.房间，寝室 　　pavilion n.亭子；楼阁 　　rockery n.假山；有假山的园林 　　cultural a.文化上的；有教养的；文化的 　　relic n.遗物；遗忘；纪念物 　　Overlooking Hall 望海楼 　　stor（e）y n.［英］（层）楼（复） 　　storeys或stories 　　bird"s－eye view 鸟瞰图；概观 　　geological a.地质的 　　transformation n.变迁 　　bazaar n.市场，集市 　　midst n.中间，中部；当中 　　zigzag n.六字形；锯齿形；盘旋 弯曲 　　distinguished a.以……的，卓越的，杰出的 　　shot n.发射；拍摄；镜头 　　Particularity n.特殊性［常用复］特征；个性 　　absorptive a.吸收性的 　　peculiar a.特有的，独具的；特殊的；罕见的 　　exquisite a.优美的；精巧的；精致的 　　craft n.工艺；手艺 　　authentic a.可靠的，有根据的；真的，真正的 　　authentically ad.真正地，可信地

特质的成语有：兰质薰心，特立独行，兰质熏心。特质的成语有：兰质薰心，孤特独立，圭璋特达。2：结构是、特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。3：拼音是、tèzhì。4：注音是、ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。二、引证解释⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”三、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。四、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特征特性特色特点关于特质的反义词共性关于特质的单词qualitiespeculiarityidiosyncraticfemininityparticularityqualityidiosyncrasytraitrating关于特质的词语兰质薰心圭璋特达蕙心兰质特立独行英特迈往异军特起孤特独立单特孑立兰质熏心羊质虎形关于特质的造句1、罂粟花是一种美丽异常的花朵，它的这种美丽成就了果实的某种野心，人们利用了这种美丽，使之成为了罪恶之源，罂粟花本身是没有任何香味的，所以本不具备媚惑人心的特质。是拥有不洁净心灵的人类将罪恶之手伸向了它。2、每个人自有特质，何必如东施效颦般胡乱模仿？3、随着指尖流淌的信息，在背负这些信息的同时我们已经丧失了天真烂漫的特质。4、看似杂乱无章的气流与大雾，在他视野中，有着迥然有异的特质。5、但是那些有力量和气魄而缺少长相优势的夫妇则最好生男孩，因为这些性格特质对于男性来说更有用。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

　　逛豫园 　　Key Sentences(重点句子) 　　410.Where do you intend to take a trip today? 　　您想到什么地方去旅游呢? 　　411.I suppose we"d better go to famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the city of Shanghai. 　　我想我们去有名的豫园，它坐落在上海老城的南端。 　　412.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel，let"s set off right now. 　　汽车已在旅馆前门等候，让我们马上出发吧。 　　413.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is on ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　这个花园名叫豫园，它是一座古老的花园，已有400年历史。 　　414.Please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you? 　　请允许我们打听一下这个花园的历史，好吗? 　　415.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty. 　　首先，我要告诉你们的是这座花园创建于明朝。 　　416.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　往后花园经过近百年的重建和修复。 　　417.The garden has an area of only several hectares. 　　此花园面积仅几公顷。 　　418.Vistors are struck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout. 　　但是来访者都被它独创性的建筑风格和奇异的布局所吸引。 　　419.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　这里保存着珍贵的文化遗迹。 　　420.We are deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　我们都被它的有趣的历史深深地吸引住了。 　　421.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s-eye view from there. 　　我们是否到它的顶楼上去俯视一下。 　　422.That sounds tempting. 　　听起来很诱人。 　　423.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　龙头塑造得非常漂亮，它高傲地在那里仰望。 　　424.We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　我们从没有看到过如此奇特的岩石。 　　425.Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture. 　　现在，让我们来到另一个宏伟大厅，在这里你可以看到各种古老的家具。 　　426.It"s authentically worthwhile to appreciate it. 　　非常值得欣赏一番。 　　Dialogue A 　　A：Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Today"s a sunny day.Where do you intend to take a trip today? 　　B：Good morning，Mr.Wang.We"d like to put ourselves completely in your hand.Just lead the way，please. 　　A：I suppose we"d better go to the famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the old city of Shanghai.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel.Let"s set off right now. 　　(After a while，they reach the destination) 　　A：Here we are.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is an ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　B：Oh，I see. 　　C：Hello：Bob.I want to have a couple of photos taken at the garden"s gate as a background，you can have some Pictures taken，too. 　　A：It seems quite ideal to take some photos here. 　　B： Mr.Wang，please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you? 　　A：With pleasure.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　B：In that case，it"s quite ancient indeed.In the meantime，I guess it"s a hard job to do the restoration. 　　A：Yes，it was.The garden has an area of only several hectares，Visitors are stuck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout.There are more than 30 places of distinctive and fascinating scenes like ponds，chambers，pavilions and artificial rockeries.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　B：Oh，we"re deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　A：Look，please.That is Overlooking Hall.It has three stories.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s eye view from there. 　　C：Oh，that sounds interesting. 　　A：In the past，from the top floor of the hall，we could seethe Huangpu River，but not now，because of the geological transformation in the course of history.That is the Yu Yuan Garden Bazaar and in the midst of it there is a popular tea room near the Nine Zigzag Bridge.If you are dreaming of having a cup of the distinguished Chinese green tea，we"ll be going there later on. 　　B：That sounds tempting.We feel a bit thirsty.We"re anxious to have a drink there. 　　A：Let"s go and see other places，please. 　　B：All right，let"s step ahead.What"s that? 　　A：Let me see.Ah，it"s the dragon wall.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　C：Hello，Bob，please have a photo taken for me here! 　　B：OK.Ready!Cheese.You"ve got a good shot，Miss Jenny. 　　A：Here is a special rock，named Yu Ling Long which has four particularities so far as we know plenty of holes，absorptive capacity，genuine quality，and peculiar construction and what not. 　　B：Oh，how marvellous!We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　A：Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture.They are made of old tree"s roots and carved with exquisite craft. 　　C：They"re really rare and precious.It"s authentically worth- while to appreciate it. 　　A：It"s time for us to take lunch now. 　　B：Let"s go and have a rest.And we"ll take a good meal here. 　　Words and Expressions 　　destination n.目的地，终点;目标，目的 　　explanation n.介绍，说明 　　remembrance n.纪念;纪念品;回忆 　　construct v.建筑;构筑 　　restore v.(使)恢复，(使)修复;重建 　　hectare n.公顷(略作ha.) 　　ingenious a.机灵的;有独创性的 　　architecture n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样 　　exotic a.外来的;奇异的 　　layout n.布局;陈设;设计 　　fascinate v.(使)迷住;(使)吸引住 　　chamber n.房间，寝室 　　pavilion n.亭子;楼阁 　　rockery n.假山;有假山的园林 　　cultural a.文化上的;有教养的;文化的 　　relic n.遗物;遗忘;纪念物 　　Overlooking Hall 望海楼 　　stor(e)y n.[英](层)楼(复) 　　storeys或stories 　　bird"s-eye view 鸟瞰图;概观 　　geological a.地质的 　　transformation n.变迁 　　bazaar n.市场，集市 　　midst n.中间，中部;当中 　　zigzag n.六字形;锯齿形;盘旋 弯曲 　　distinguished a.以……的，卓越的，杰出的 　　shot n.发射;拍摄;镜头 　　Particularity n.特殊性[常用复]特征;个性 　　absorptive a.吸收性的 　　peculiar a.特有的，独具的;特殊的;罕见的 　　exquisite a.优美的;精巧的;精致的 　　craft n.工艺;手艺 　　authentic a.可靠的，有根据的;真的，真正的 　　authentically ad.真正地，可信地 　A Trip to the Yu Yuan Garden 　　逛豫园 　　Key Sentences(重点句子) 　　410.Where do you intend to take a trip today? 　　您想到什么地方去旅游呢? 　　411.I suppose we"d better go to famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the city of Shanghai. 　　我想我们去有名的豫园，它坐落在上海老城的南端。 　　412.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel，let"s set off right now. 　　汽车已在旅馆前门等候，让我们马上出发吧。 　　413.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is on ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　这个花园名叫豫园，它是一座古老的花园，已有400年历史。 　　414.Please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you? 　　请允许我们打听一下这个花园的历史，好吗? 　　415.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty. 　　首先，我要告诉你们的是这座花园创建于明朝。 　　416.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　往后花园经过近百年的重建和修复。 　　417.The garden has an area of only several hectares. 　　此花园面积仅几公顷。 　　418.Vistors are struck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout. 　　但是来访者都被它独创性的建筑风格和奇异的布局所吸引。 　　419.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　这里保存着珍贵的文化遗迹。 　　420.We are deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　我们都被它的有趣的历史深深地吸引住了。 　　421.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s-eye view from there. 　　我们是否到它的顶楼上去俯视一下。 　　422.That sounds tempting. 　　听起来很诱人。 　　423.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　龙头塑造得非常漂亮，它高傲地在那里仰望。 　　424.We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　我们从没有看到过如此奇特的岩石。 　　425.Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture. 　　现在，让我们来到另一个宏伟大厅，在这里你可以看到各种古老的家具。 　　426.It"s authentically worthwhile to appreciate it. 　　非常值得欣赏一番。 　　Dialogue A 　　A：Good morning，ladies and gentlemen.Today"s a sunny day.Where do you intend to take a trip today? 　　B：Good morning，Mr.Wang.We"d like to put ourselves completely in your hand.Just lead the way，please. 　　A：I suppose we"d better go to the famous Yu Yuan Garden which is located in the southern part of the old city of Shanghai.The car is waiting at the front door of our hotel.Let"s set off right now. 　　(After a while，they reach the destination) 　　A：Here we are.This garden is called the Yu Yuan Garden which is an ancient one dating back to 400 years ago. 　　B：Oh，I see. 　　C：Hello：Bob.I want to have a couple of photos taken at the garden"s gate as a background，you can have some Pictures taken，too. 　　A：It seems quite ideal to take some photos here. 　　B： Mr.Wang，please allow me to inquire about the history of this famous garden，would you? 　　A：With pleasure.The first thing I would like to tell you is that it was constructed and built up in the Ming Dynasty.And it has been reconstructed and restored during the past hundred years. 　　B：In that case，it"s quite ancient indeed.In the meantime，I guess it"s a hard job to do the restoration. 　　A：Yes，it was.The garden has an area of only several hectares，Visitors are stuck by its ingenious architecture and exotic layout.There are more than 30 places of distinctive and fascinating scenes like ponds，chambers，pavilions and artificial rockeries.Here rare and precious cultural relics are kept. 　　B：Oh，we"re deeply attracted by its interesting history. 　　A：Look，please.That is Overlooking Hall.It has three stories.Shall we go to the top floor of the hall to have a bird"s eye view from there. 　　C：Oh，that sounds interesting. 　　A：In the past，from the top floor of the hall，we could seethe Huangpu River，but not now，because of the geological transformation in the course of history.That is the Yu Yuan Garden Bazaar and in the midst of it there is a popular tea room near the Nine Zigzag Bridge.If you are dreaming of having a cup of the distinguished Chinese green tea，we"ll be going there later on. 　　B：That sounds tempting.We feel a bit thirsty.We"re anxious to have a drink there. 　　A：Let"s go and see other places，please. 　　B：All right，let"s step ahead.What"s that? 　　A：Let me see.Ah，it"s the dragon wall.The dragon"s head is beautifully modeled and is rising proudly over there. 　　C：Hello，Bob，please have a photo taken for me here! 　　B：OK.Ready!Cheese.You"ve got a good shot，Miss Jenny. 　　A：Here is a special rock，named Yu Ling Long which has four particularities so far as we know plenty of holes，absorptive capacity，genuine quality，and peculiar construction and what not. 　　B：Oh，how marvellous!We"ve never seen such a wonderful rock yet. 　　A：Now，we come to another magnificent chamber in which you can see all kinds of ancient furniture.They are made of old tree"s roots and carved with exquisite craft. 　　C：They"re really rare and precious.It"s authentically worth- while to appreciate it. 　　A：It"s time for us to take lunch now. 　　B：Let"s go and have a rest.And we"ll take a good meal here. 　　Words and Expressions 　　destination n.目的地，终点;目标，目的 　　explanation n.介绍，说明 　　remembrance n.纪念;纪念品;回忆 　　construct v.建筑;构筑 　　restore v.(使)恢复，(使)修复;重建 　　hectare n.公顷(略作ha.) 　　ingenious a.机灵的;有独创性的 　　architecture n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样 　　exotic a.外来的;奇异的 　　layout n.布局;陈设;设计 　　fascinate v.(使)迷住;(使)吸引住 　　chamber n.房间，寝室 　　pavilion n.亭子;楼阁 　　rockery n.假山;有假山的园林 　　cultural a.文化上的;有教养的;文化的 　　relic n.遗物;遗忘;纪念物 　　Overlooking Hall 望海楼 　　stor(e)y n.[英](层)楼(复) 　　storeys或stories 　　bird"s-eye view 鸟瞰图;概观 　　geological a.地质的 　　transformation n.变迁 　　bazaar n.市场，集市 　　midst n.中间，中部;当中 　　zigzag n.六字形;锯齿形;盘旋 弯曲 　　distinguished a.以……的，卓越的，杰出的 　　shot n.发射;拍摄;镜头 　　Particularity n.特殊性[常用复]特征;个性 　　absorptive a.吸收性的 　　peculiar a.特有的，独具的;特殊的;罕见的 　　exquisite a.优美的;精巧的;精致的 　　craft n.工艺;手艺 　　authentic a.可靠的，有根据的;真的，真正的 　　authentically ad.真正地，可信地

一楼两题有疑问 2.particularity3.customer

　　下面是我为大家整理的元旦的由来英文版，欢迎大家阅读。更多相关内容请关注节假日栏目。 　　元旦的由来英文版 　　Yuandan is the first day of the lunar calendar. It is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling. It represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones. As the first day of the year, Yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times. 　　Kaisui(beginning of the year): According to the Chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. At the same time, they too prepare food for the New Year day: The whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). After haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of New Year(Yuandan). At this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. Vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. In the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui. 　　At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in Tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the "fortune deity" during the "fortune time" to receive the deity. If the direction of the "fortune deity" is at the "ill position", people will choose to receive "happy deity" or "noble deity" instead. 　　There is an apparent difference in the custom of food taking on Yuandan between the Chinese in the northern and southern regions. The northern Chinese has the habit of taking jiao zi(dumpling made of flour with vegetable and meat wrapped inside). Some people may put a sweet or a coin inside jiao zi, hoping to have a sweet year after tasting the sweet and a wealthy year after tasting the coin. on the other hand, the southern Chinese have the taboo for killing on Yuandan. Therefore, they do not take meat in tee morning of Yuandan, so as to avoid bloodshed or mutual slaughter. In order to evade misfortune, they have the first meal of this day without meat. Instead, they take vegetarian food for the sake of virtue. 　　There is an extraordinary number of taboos on Yuandan. Each place has its own customs of taboo. Here, we will mention only a few common taboos in Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Southeast Asia: 　　In the past, people commonly believed that fortune was hidden in the house. So, wsweeping of floor must be done in the direction moving inwards, and there was no clearance of rubbish at night. Particularly on the New Tear day, in order to keep fortune from flowing out, there was no sweeping. Some families kept this taboo until the fifth or even the fifteenth day. If anything was broken, the pieces were wrapped up in order not to let the fortune slip away and were disposed only the fifth day. 　　Yuandan(in more serious families, the period extends from the 1st to the 15th day) marks the new beginning. In the hope that New Year brings good beginning, people should utter neither unkind words nor vulgar language. Making noises, fighting, quarreling and especially weeping are avoided to deter misfortune. There are even taboos of taking medicine and having sneeze, for it is believed that they can lead to sickness throughout the year. Taboos of the past also concerned the use of knife and the breaking of things. If a thing was broken, the word "break" or any other word importing similar meaning was not used. Instead, words like "failing to the floor and blossoming like flowers" which delivered pleasant senses were used to suggest good connections. 　　On Yuandan, neither lending and nor giving of money to others is done so that there will be no out-flowing of money during the year. There is also the saying that if a male sleeps in the afternoon, his career will breakdown, and if a female has an afternoon nap, the kitchen will collapse. 　　Ancient rite: In the past, there was a rite called he zheng(proper greeting)during New Year. When a person paid a New Year visit to friends or relatives, he took along a piece of paper or card on which the name of the host was written wit Chinese brush. The receiver of this greeting card would normally paste it on the wall of his main hall to show his respect to and appreciation for the visitor. The quantity of greeting card received reflected the person"s public relationship with others, while the names and status of the people who gave the greeting cards indicated the host"s boundary of social network and standard of living. Nowadays, because of easy communication, convenient transportation system and wider social network, when people send their greetings they tend to follow the Western style. The greeting is now done by mail and even by email. Today, he zheng is done by simply bringing along red packets and food presents when making a visit. 　　To be in line with the custom of to giving away money on the first day, families in some places do not pay New Year call to others. Instead, the whole family simply goes out to enjoy themselves or stayed at home for family happiness. 　　In the past, there was a superstition that when a person left his house in the New Year, he must take the correct first step. A particular person would look for the fortunate direction in accordance with the day, month and year of this birth basing on the explanation of Chinese calendar. On Yuan Dan, when a person stepped out of his house, he must go in the fortunate direction and avoid the unfortunate direction. Even people of less particularity also consulted Chinese calendar to find out where the fortunate directions and fierce deities were before the first step out of their houses. 　　元旦的意思 　　From the above mentioned customs, we can see that there are especially many taboos during Chinese New Year. On Yuan Dan in particular, there are more taboos on speech and behaviour than those on other ordinary days. Similarly, there are more activities in pursuit of good cause than usual. On probing the activities and taboos, we have no difficulty to understand that the theme behind is always related to fortune, wealth and goodness, and that people usually concern themselves with a good beginning for the year. 　　Some taboos may look superstitious on the surface, but they do produce efficacy. If we practise them circumspectively, they will yield practical results. For example, the prohibition of bad words, quarrel, weeping and crying, together with the emphasis on thinking positively even when things are broken, provide some normative rules for people to follow. This gives people the opportunity to mend their ways, to develop good attitudes, and to form a habit of thinking positively and looking at the good side of things. The prohibition of sweeping and disposing the rubbish in the first five days forces people to arrange their things and clear away the rubbish properly at the end of each year, so that no unwanted things will be carried forward to the new year. At the same time, the taboo also compels people to learn to be thrifty. This is because to prevent accumulated things from becoming rubbish, people must be careful in the use of any paper or other things, and thus avoid waste of things. 　　The avoidance of medicine and sneeze on the first day looks like a joke and is absurd as far as the patient is concerned. However, because of the taboos, people will be conscious enough to take serious care of their health during the windy and snowing season. Thus, they will avoid falling sick in the New Year and wasting away the precious spring hours. 　　Nowadays, people have abandoned the custom of bringing along greeting cards when they go for New Year house visits. However, Chinese Malaysians still maintain the habit of sending New Year greeting cards by post before the New Year. 　　There are even non-Chinese sending New Year greeting cared in English or Malay languages to their Chinese friends. Moreover, the Chinese like to use colourful New Year cared to decorate their houses, so as to strengthen the New Year atmosphere. Like the ancient days" greeting cards for he zheng which were displayed in the main hall, these modern New Year cards also reflect the social position of the persons who receive the cards. Thus, in the way, the ancient rite of he zheng has developed in Malaysia with a Malaysian colour. 　　 我特别推荐 　　 我特别推荐

Language is an important part of culture, the different culture reflects similar or different culture. Eidur gudjohnsen panov in the cultural anthropology and linguistics, pointed out: "a society of language is the social culture, language and culture is the relationship between parts and whole, language as a part of the culture, its particularity displays in: it is the study of the main tools, people culture in learning and use the language acquired during the process of the whole culture." [1] (P109) each nation has its own culture, and the culture is in particular of natural environment, history condition and the social reality of the formation, with characteristics.Idioms is a language in use process of the formation of the unique fixed expression way, national thought and the crystallization of wisdom. General idioms including the idioms and proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, allusions, etc. Both English and Chinese language has a long history, contain many idioms, they is concise and vivid, give a person a kind of beautiful enjoyment, but because they come from different living environment, religion, history and life custom, carrying the different nationality"s cultural characteristics and cultural information, become the difficulty in the translation. By comparing the source of English and Chinese idioms, intends to find out the root cause of the cultural differences between English and Chinese, and then put forward the method of translation of English and Chinese idioms

Happy market investigations easy to arrest analyses a report The family is a steady rest environment , every family all has steady and the comfortableness. Since consuming behavior is to have a law but follow , that we can pass once"s investigation of new product easy to buckle the marketplace coming to be in progress music about happy button company right away uses problem concretize. Foreword: Come every to substitute before old-fashioned kitchen utensils now the kitchen utensils that the family lifts up needing to go to the lavatory , clean and quick. This kind of product have the gigantic consumption potential, and be in some annual queens not only at present, will also become family main current consumption articles for use. The family consumes but a marketplace so because of whose particularity , leads to in propagating in tactics generally unable note logical thinking leading. What is family marketplace characteristic? According to such a characteristic, we should be given to out how camp pin tactics woollen cloth? Inquire into fundamental condition: We market investigations having pertinency in the once having been in progress in the Shanghai street , be about that the people who is unlike an age group studies about happy market investigations easy to arrest, we give out 20 questionnaires together among them effective 20 questionnaires this time, the questionnaire investigation target marriage partner concentrates for the consumer , population density is taller than, the female who buys a decision-making influence each other is on the march, this kind of fidelity of consumer very easy to take form to the brand, The purpose investigating whether is that the once knowing the old product and hostile product marketplace that the female new product to happy button buckles use circumstance and happy finds out the real situation , only superficially we want to consume mentality and to consume a characteristic by the fact that this time of investigation knows the current female"s in substance, then. We adopt sampling of random with layers.

Abstract: With the continuous development of network technology and extension of the network to give people work, study and life, communication has brought convenience to promote human and social development and progress. But the network is also a double-edged sword, bring convenience to people at the same time, the phenomenon of network Honesty increasing spread in the network, affecting the healthy development of the network society. The face of lack of credibility due to the network caused by a series of social problems, the main three-part article on the network integrity issues were analyzed in anticipation of the network integrity of the building has a positive effect and reference. The first part from the social reality of the idea of u200bu200bpushing and network integrity and honesty, to clarify the importance and necessity of the network integrity. Meanwhile through some data on the status of the network integrity. The second section lists the lack of credibility of the four-point network performance: malicious invasion of privacy; infringement of intellectual property rights; publish or disseminate false information harmful content and online scams. And from the internal network system causes technical and specificity; reality of social credit system is not perfect, imperfect legal system building networks; networks of social interaction integrity of consciousness three main aspects analyzed the reasons for lack of network integrity. The third part of the reason for the previous analysis, were given to build credibility on the proposal corresponds to the network. Rely on technical means to shield the network from the network system is technically dishonesty; rely on law enforcement measures to restrict, to create a good network of institutional environment; rely on community-oriented and personal morality, and strengthen the integrity of the network subject education and guidance.

1.What"s his Intelligence quotient? (It"s)185.（注：此处"It‘s ”可删去)2.Who"s the hero of the news? Singh.3.What"s his Special characteristics? Child prodigy4.Where is he from? India.(注：楼主写错了，Indian是“印度人”的意思，India才是“印度”的意思）5.What"s his problem? Racial discrimination.6.How old is he? He"s twelve years old.7.Why is he discriminated against? Because of his high Intelligence quotient(或：Because his Intelligence quotient is high）.8.How long has he studied at home？9.What does he feel like?10.What does his mother think of it?累死我了，另外一些需要注意的地方已指出。楼主要觉得我的回答还满意的话，请采纳，谢谢！

quantityn.（名词）量; 分量; 数量;【物】值, 参量; 程度, 大小[pl. ]大量; 大宗; 大批【音】音符长度;【语】(元音、音节等的)音量定额, 定量【律】期限【复数】 quan.ti.ties 缩写 qt.,qty.A specified or indefinite number or amount.数量：特定的或不确定的数或量A considerable amount or number:大量：可观的数或量：sells drugs wholesale and in quantity.大量批发销售药品An exact amount or number.量：确定的数或量The measurable, countable, or comparable property or aspect of a thing.可计算的数额：一事物可测量的、可计算的或可比较的特性或方面Mathematics Something that serves as the object of an operation.【数学】 量：作为运算对象的物体Linguistics The relative amount of time needed to pronounce a vowel, consonant, or syllable.【语言学】 音量：发出某元音、辅音或音节所需时间的相对量The duration of a syllable in quantitative verse.音节长短：在音量的诗歌中某音节的音长Logic The exact character of a proposition in reference to its universality, singularity, or particularity.【逻辑学】 （命题的）量：关于某一命题的普遍性、独特性或特殊性的正确属性

特质的单词有：particularity，peculiarity，idiosyncrasy，femininity，traitrating。特质的单词有：femininity，qualities，idiosyncrasy，quality，particularity。拼音是：tèzhì。结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。注音是：ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、词语解释【点此查看计划详细内容】特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。二、引证解释⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”三、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。四、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特征特点特色特性关于特质的反义词共性关于特质的成语孤特独立圭璋特达兰质熏心特立独行兰质薰心关于特质的词语兰质熏心英特迈往单特孑立圭璋特达虎皮羊质蕙心兰质孤特独立兰质薰心特立独行异军特起关于特质的造句1、随着指尖流淌的信息，在背负这些信息的同时我们已经丧失了天真烂漫的特质。2、但是那些有力量和气魄而缺少长相优势的夫妇则最好生男孩，因为这些性格特质对于男性来说更有用。3、罂粟花是一种美丽异常的花朵，它的这种美丽成就了果实的某种野心，人们利用了这种美丽，使之成为了罪恶之源，罂粟花本身是没有任何香味的，所以本不具备媚惑人心的特质。是拥有不洁净心灵的人类将罪恶之手伸向了它。4、看似杂乱无章的气流与大雾，在他视野中，有着迥然有异的特质。5、勇气是人类最重要的一种特质，倘若有了勇气，人类其它的特质自然也就具备了。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

特质的词语解释是：特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。特质的词语解释是：特质tèzhì。(1)特有的内在素质。注音是：ㄊㄜ_ㄓ_。拼音是：tèzhì。结构是：特(左右结构)质(半包围结构)。特质的具体解释是什么呢，我们通过以下几个方面为您介绍：一、引证解释【点此查看计划详细内容】⒈特有的性质。引王国维《＜红楼梦＞评论》：“美术之特质，贵具体而不贵抽象。”胡寄窗《中国经济思想史》第十二章：“‘自利"与‘自私"固仅一字之差，而在体现财产权利这一问题上，‘私"的意义就更加深刻，更能表现市民社会的特质。”二、国语词典异于其他众物的性质。三、网络解释特质是指我们用来描述个人人格特点的描述词，如友好的、谨慎的、爽快的、争强好胜的、慷慨大方的、吝啬的等。关于特质的近义词特点特性特征特色关于特质的反义词共性关于特质的单词particularityqualitypeculiarityqualitiestraitratingidiosyncrasyidiosyncraticfemininity关于特质的成语兰质薰心孤特独立特立独行兰质熏心圭璋特达关于特质的词语_璋特达孤特独立羊质虎形英特迈往兰质薰心蕙心兰质虎皮羊质特立独行圭璋特达兰质熏心关于特质的造句1、看似杂乱无章的气流与大雾，在他视野中，有着迥然有异的特质。2、作者抓住小草什么和什么的特质，歌颂了什么的美德和什么、什么的人际关系。3、勇气是人类最重要的一种特质，倘若有了勇气，人类其它的特质自然也就具备了。4、随着指尖流淌的信息，在背负这些信息的同时我们已经丧失了天真烂漫的特质。5、抛开一些已养成的大人行为或习惯，不要剥夺与天俱来的纯真特质。点此查看更多关于特质的详细信息

Today saw an Indian film "three idiot", besides the civilians grotto millionaire ", this is the second film in Indian I have seen.Until a bit of India prejudice, may be like a little bonzi do. The film gave me great feeling, its nice story plot, the underlying theme, and his jest sharp and profound truth, its dared to challenge the brave, its not system with regret but with satisfactory still impress people ending, etc.In fact, India in education competition degree is more fierce than China ,even other country, originally in the newspapers have seen a article tells in countries of Chinese students life, of which the students in India is the most stressful, much bigger than in China, for through school life changing concepts in their there appears far more profound, many students to learn from the suffering of life is hard, and a hard life is urging cloth from relatively developed economic level. And it is this country, so it"s very need to rely on education and education system steady attention nation is patted such deep against the current education system of movies, have admirable. Our country has no such films, institutional thing is tiger bottom. The 17 years old bike ", is the international awards erupted, yet are Chinese JinPian, one of the fundamental content does not include any * *, violence, * * ah, given banned reason these films not give first country so-and-so committee for review. Can say, alas alas system of execution.Seen also some films is also critical education subject, I think are very good, maybe is to make our generation in the traditional education the shackles of see the shadow of human education people resonated it, such as "death zong", such as the choirboys spring ". Remember watching "the death of poetry club last all children stand to the desks to express to the principal discontent and literary teacher keating shed, recognition, leave of sadness, traditional education of * *, I have a feeling of 39 passion, perhaps each peers have disidentification schools, teachers or education system emotions and finally often to settle, in the people around them quiet, in a mostly silent dare not break the rules, see the children if their desks, want to web also have so a similar move, it must be very proud. "Oh, caption, my caption", we are lack of so a lead our wave paddle Shouting "as a teacher keating, captain. The choirboys, the spring, "tell us, education should be human education first, student even problem students like speared out of bud seedling, because his big department also in soil, grow out what kind of ManMan still depends on how you zhizhi supporting. This film particularity lies in, not to flounder rebellious, but how to abandon is the person"s eye tolerance hopelessly person, a jumped out to oppose tradition.Finally, the three idiot "ending. The end result is satisfactory perfect. Many movies are using tragic end shatter beauty good wishes, in order to achieve the effect of hard heart Ming, and remember the film, on the contrary the film didn"t. Second, jumped from last woke up, Rich dmc2 genius is actually the gardener"s son, end but also became great scientists, Beauty non-used, after ten years the sweetheart isn"t married yet ~ life in fact would need to actively, can have hardships, but not despair.今天看了一个印度电影《三个白痴》，除了《平民窟的百万富翁》，这是我看的第二部印度影片。之前一直对印度有点偏见，可能就像有点棒子看我们一样。这个片子给我很大的感触，其不错的故事情节，其隐含尖锐的题材，其诙谐而深刻的道理，其敢于挑战制度的勇敢，其不是用遗憾而是用圆满依然打动人心的结局，等等。事实上，印度在教育竞争残酷程度上是一个比中国有过之而不及的国家，原来在报纸上看过一个文章讲述在各国的中国留学生的生活，其中在印度的留学生是感觉压力最大的，比在中国大得多，因为通过上学改变生活的观念在他们那里表现的更为深刻，很多学生对学习的努力是来自生活苦难的催促，而生活艰苦是源于相对布条发达的经济水平。而就是这样的国家，这样非常需要依靠重视教育与稳固教育制度的国家却拍出如此深刻的反对当前教育制度的电影，不得不令人敬佩。我国没有这类影片，制度层面上的东西更是老虎屁股。《十七岁的单车》，是国际获奖的大作，却又都是中国的禁片，其中的内容根本没有涉及任何**、暴力、**啊，给出被禁理由就是就是这些影片没有先给国家某某委员会审查。只能说可叹的制度，可叹的执行力。看过还有些影片也是批判教育题材的，我觉得都非常不错，或许是让我们这代在传统教育的桎梏中看到人性教育的影子的人有所共鸣吧，如《死亡诗社》，如《放牛班的春天》。记得看《死亡诗社》最后所有孩子站到课桌上以表达对校长的不满以及对文学老师基廷的不舍、认可、离开的悲伤、传统教育的**，我有种满腔热血的感觉，或许每个同龄人都过不认同学校、老师或者教育制度的情绪，而最后往往归于平静，在周围人的平静中，在一种大都默默不敢打破的规矩中，看到孩子们站上课桌，想如果自己也有那么个类似的举动，现在一定十分自豪。"Oh,caption,my caption"，我们是缺少那么一位带领我们的摇桨呐喊的基廷老师罢，那样一位船长。《放牛班的春天》告诉我们的是，教育应该是人性的教育为先，学生即便是问题学生，犹如破土而出的芽苗，因为他的大部门还在泥土里，长出来什么样的枝枝蔓蔓还在于你怎么帮扶。这部片子的特别之处在于，不是去挣扎着叛逆，而是如何摒弃是人的眼光宽容不可救药的人，一种跳出来的反对传统。最后说说《三个白痴》的结局。结局是圆满完美的。很多片子都是利用悲惨的结局击碎人美好的愿望，以达到刻苦铭心的效果，而记住影片，相反这部影片没有。老二跳楼了，最后醒了；富二代天才其实是园丁的儿子，最后却也成了大科学家；美女逃婚了，十年后的心上人还没有结婚~生活其实本来就需要积极，可以有磨难，但是不能绝望。

额。。。要全部翻译成中文的吗？

[编辑本段]Java简介 Java是由Sun Microsystems公司于1995年5月推出的Java程序设计语言（以下简称Java语言）和Java平台的总称。用Java实现的HotJava浏览器（支持Java applet）显示了Java的魅力：跨平台、动态的Web、Internet计算。从此，Java被广泛接受并推动了Web的迅速发展，常用的浏览器现在均支持Java applet。另一方面，Java技术也不断更新。 Java平台由Java虚拟机（Java Virtual Machine）和Java 应用编程接口（Application Programming Interface、简称API）构成。Java 应用编程接口为Java应用提供了一个独立于操作系统的标准接口，可分为基本部分和扩展部分。在硬件或操作系统平台上安装一个Java平台之后，Java应用程序就可运行。现在Java平台已经嵌入了几乎所有的操作系统。这样Java程序可以只编译一次，就可以在各种系统中运行。Java应用编程接口已经从1.1x版发展到1.2版。目前常用的Java平台基于Java1.4，最近版本为Java1.7。 Java分为三个体系JavaSE(Java2 Platform Standard Edition，java平台标准版)，JavaEE(Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition，java平台企业版)，JavaME(Java 2 Platform Micro Edition，java平台微型版)。 2009年04月20日，oracle（甲骨文)宣布收购sun。 1991年，Sun公司的James Gosling。Bill Joe等人，为电视、控制烤面包机等家用电器的交互操作开发了一个Oak（一种橡树的名字）软件，他是Java的前身。当时，Oak并没有引起人们的注意，直到1994年，随着互联网和3W的飞速发展，他们用Java编制了HotJava浏览器，得到了Sun公司首席执行官Scott McNealy的支持，得以研发和发展。为了促销和法律的原因，1995年Oak更名为Java。Java的得名还有段小插曲呢，一天，Java小组成员正在喝咖啡时，议论给新语言起个什么名字的问题，有人提议用Java（Java是印度尼西亚盛产咖啡的一个岛屿），这个提议得到了其他成员的赞同，于是就采用Java来命名此新语言。很快Java被工业界认可，许多大公司如IBM Microsoft.DEC等购买了Java的使用权，并被美国杂志PC Magazine评为1995年十大优秀科技产品。从此，开始了Java应用的新篇章。 Java的诞生时对传统计算机模式的挑战，对计算机软件开发和软件产业都产生了深远的影响： （1）软件4A目标要求软件能达到任何人在任何地方在任何时间对任何电子设备都能应用。这样能满足软件平台上互相操作，具有可伸缩性和重要性并可即插即用等分布式计算模式的需求。 （2）基于构建开发方法的崛起，引出了CORBA国际标准软件体系结构和多层应用体系框架。在此基础上形成了Java.2平台和.NET平台两大派系，推动了整个IT业的发展。 （3）对软件产业和工业企业都产生了深远的影响，软件从以开发为中心转到了以服务为中心。中间提供商，构件提供商，服务器软件以及咨询服务商出现。企业必须重塑自我，B2B的电子商务将带动整个新经济市场，使企业获得新的价值，新的增长，新的商机，新的管理。 （4）对软件开发带来了新的革命，重视使用第三方构件集成，利用平台的基础设施服务，实现开发各个阶段的重要技术，重视开发团队的组织和文化理念，协作，创作，责任，诚信是人才的基本素质。 总之，目前以看到了Java对信息时代的重要性，未来还会不断发展，Java在应用方面将会有更广阔的前景。 [编辑本段]JAVA-名字起源 Java自1995诞生，至今已经14年历史。Java的名字的来源：Java是印度尼西亚爪哇岛的英文名称，因盛产咖啡而闻名。Java语言中的许多库类名称，多与咖啡有关，如JavaBeans(咖啡豆)、NetBeans(网络豆)以及ObjectBeans (对象豆)等等。SUN和JAVA的标识也正是一杯正冒着热气的咖啡。 据James Gosling回忆，最初这个为TV机顶盒所设计的语言在Sun内部一直称为Green项目。我们的新语言需要一个名字。Gosling注意到自己办公室外一棵茂密的橡树Oak，这是一种在硅谷很常见的树。所以他将这个新语言命名为Oak。但Oak是另外一个注册公司的名字。这个名字不可能再用了。 在命名征集会上，大家提出了很多名字。最后按大家的评选次序，将十几个名字排列成表，上报给商标律师。排在第一位的是Silk(丝绸)。尽管大家都喜欢这个名字，但遭到James Gosling的坚决反对。排在第二和第三的都没有通过律师这一关。只有排在第四位的名字、得到了所有人的认可和律师的通过，这个名字就是Java。 10多年来，Java就像爪哇咖啡一样誉满全球，成为实至名归的企业级应用平台的霸主。而Java语言也如同咖啡一般醇香动人。 [编辑本段]Java语言特点 Java是一种简单的，面向对象的，分布式的，解释型的，健壮安全的，结构中立的，可移植的，性能优异、多线程的动态语言。 当1995年SUN推出Java语言之后，全世界的目光都被这个神奇的语言所吸引。那么Java到底有何神奇之处呢？ Java语言其实最早诞生于1991年，起初被称为OAK语言，是SUN公司为一些消费性电子产品而设计的一个通用环境。他们最初的目的只是为了开发一种独立于平台的软件技术，而且在网络出现之前，OAK可以说是默默无闻，甚至差点夭折。但是，网络的出现改变了OAK的命运。 在Java出现以前，Internet上的信息内容都是一些乏味死板的HTML文档。这对于那些迷恋于WEB浏览的人们来说简直不可容忍。他们迫切希望能在WEB中看到一些交互式的内容，开发人员也极希望能够在WEB上创建一类无需考虑软硬件平台就可以执行的应用程序，当然这些程序还要有极大的安全保障。对于用户的这种要求，传统的编程语言显得无能为力。SUN的工程师敏锐地察觉到了这一点，从1994年起，他们开始将OAK技术应用于WEB上，并且开发出了HotJava的第一个版本。当SUN公司1995年正式以Java这个名字推出的时候，几乎所有的WEB开发人员都心生感叹：噢，这正是我想要的！于是Java成了一颗耀眼的明星，丑小鸭一下子变成了白天鹅。 [编辑本段]Java主要特性 1、Java语言是简单的。Java语言的语法与C语言和C++语言很接近，使得大多数程序员很容易学习和使用Java。另一方面，Java丢弃了C++ 中很少使用的、很难理解的、令人迷惑的那些特性，如操作符重载、多继承、自动的强制类型转换。特别地，Java语言不使用指针，并提供了自动的废料收集，使得程序员不必为内存管理而担忧。 2、Java语言是一个面向对象的。Java语言提供类、接口和继承等原语，为了简单起见，只支持类之间的单继承，但支持接口之间的多继承，并支持类与接口之间的实现机制（关键字为implements）。Java语言全面支持动态绑定，而C++ 语言只对虚函数使用动态绑定。总之，Java语言是一个纯的面向对象程序设计语言。 3、Java语言是分布式的。Java语言支持Internet应用的开发，在基本的Java应用编程接口中有一个网络应用编程接口（java.net），它提供了用于网络应用编程的类库，包括URL、URLConnection、Socket、 ServerSocket等。Java的RMI(远程方法激活)机制也是开发分布式应用的重要手段。 4、Java语言是健壮的。Java的强类型机制、异常处理、废料的自动收集等是Java程序健壮性的重要保证。对指针的丢弃是Java的明智选择。Java的安全检查机制使得Java更具健壮性。 5、Java语言是安全的。Java通常被用在网络环境中，为此，Java提供了一个安全机制以防恶意代码的攻击。除了Java语言具有的许多安全特性以外，Java对通过网络下载的类具有一个安全防范机制（类ClassLoader），如分配不同的名字空间以防替代本地的同名类、字节代码检查，并提供安全管理机制（类SecurityManager）让Java应用设置安全哨兵。 6、Java语言是体系结构中立的。Java程序（后缀为java的文件）在Java平台上被编译为体系结构中立的字节码格式（后缀为class的文件）, 然后可以在实现这个Java平台的任何系统中运行。这种途径适合于异构的网络环境和软件的分发。 7、Java语言是可移植的。这种可移植性来源于体系结构中立性，另外，Java还严格规定了各个基本数据类型的长度。Java系统本身也具有很强的可移植性，Java编译器是用Java实现的，Java的运行环境是用ANSI C实现的。 8、Java语言是解释型的。如前所述，Java程序在Java平台上被编译为字节码格式， 然后可以在实现这个Java平台的任何系统中运行。在运行时，Java平台中的Java解释器对这些字节码进行解释执行，执行过程中需要的类在联接阶段被载入到运行环境中。 9、Java是高性能的。与那些解释型的高级脚本语言相比，Java的确是高性能的。事实上，Java的运行速度随着JIT(Just-In-Time)编译器技术的发展越来越接近于C++。 10、Java语言是多线程的。在Java语言中，线程是一种特殊的对象，它必须由Thread类或其子（孙）类来创建。通常有两种方法来创建线程：其一，使用型构为Thread(Runnable) 的构造子将一个实现了Runnable接口的对象包装成一个线程，其二，从Thread类派生出子类并重写run方法，使用该子类创建的对象即为线程。值得注意的是Thread类已经实现了Runnable接口，因此，任何一个线程均有它的run方法，而run方法中包含了线程所要运行的代码。线程的活动由一组方法来控制。 Java语言支持多个线程的同时执行，并提供多线程之间的同步机制（关键字为synchronized）。 11、Java语言是动态的。Java语言的设计目标之一是适应于动态变化的环境。Java程序需要的类能够动态地被载入到运行环境，也可以通过网络来载入所需要的类。这也有利于软件的升级。另外，Java中的类有一个运行时刻的表示，能进行运行时刻的类型检查。 Java语言的优良特性使得Java应用具有无比的健壮性和可靠性，这也减少了应用系统的维护费用。Java对对象技术的全面支持和Java平台内嵌的API能缩短应用系统的开发时间并降低成本。Java的编译一次，到处可运行的特性使得它能够提供一个随处可用的开放结构和在多平台之间传递信息的低成本方式。特别是Java企业应用编程接口（Java Enterprise APIs）为企业计算及电子商务应用系统提供了有关技术和丰富的类库。 [编辑本段]Java相关技术 1、JDBC（Java Database Connectivity）提供连接各种关系数据库的统一接口,可以为多种关系数据库提供统一访问，它由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口组成。JDBC为工具/数据库开发人员提供了一个标准的API，据此可以构建更高级的工具和接口，使数据库开发人员能够用纯 Java API 编写数据库应用程序，同时，JDBC也是个商标名。 2、EJB(Enterprise JavaBeans)使得开发者方便地创建、部署和管理跨平台的基于组件的企业应用。 3、Java RMI(Java Remote Method Invocation)用来开发分布式Java应用程序。一个Java对象的方法能被远程Java虚拟机调用。这样，远程方法激活可以发生在对等的两端，也可以发生在客户端和服务器之间，只要双方的应用程序都是用Java写的。 4、Java IDL(Java Interface Definition Language) 提供与CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)的无缝的互操作性。这使得Java能集成异构的商务信息资源。 5、JNDI(Java Naming and Directory Interface)提供从Java平台到的统一的无缝的连接。这个接口屏蔽了企业网络所使用的各种命名和目录服务。 6、JMAPI（Java Management API）为异构网络上系统、网络和服务管理的开发提供一整套丰富的对象和方法。 7、JMS(Java Message Service)提供企业消息服务，如可靠的消息队列、发布和订阅通信、以及有关推拉（Push/Pull）技术的各个方面。 8、JTS(Java transaction Service)提供存取事务处理资源的开放标准，这些事务处理资源包括事务处理应用程序、事务处理管理及监控。 在Java技术中，值得关注的还有JavaBeans，它是一个开放的标准的组件体系结构，它独立于平台，但使用Java语言。一个JavaBean是一个满足JavaBeans规范的Java类，通常定义了一个现实世界的事物或概念。一个JavaBean的主要特征包括属性、方法和事件。通常，在一个支持JavaBeans规范的开发环境（如Sun Java Studio 和IBM VisualAge for Java）中，可以可视地操作JavaBean，也可以使用JavaBean构造出新的JavaBean。JavaBean的优势还在于Java带来的可移植性。现在，EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans) 将JavaBean概念扩展到Java服务端组件体系结构，这个模型支持多层的分布式对象应用。除了JavaBeans，典型的组件体系结构还有DCOM和CORBA，关于这些组件体系结构的深入讨论超出了本书的范围。 java-参见 计算机科学课程列表 JNI(Java Native Interface)Java本地接口。 [编辑本段]Java开源项目 Spring Framework 【Java开源 J2EE框架】 Spring 是一个解决了许多在J2EE开发中常见的问题的强大框架。 Spring提供了管理业务对象的一致方法并且鼓励了注入对接口编程而不是对类编程的良好习惯。Spring的架构基础是基于使用JavaBean属性的 Inversion of Control容器。然而，这仅仅是完整图景中的一部分：Spring在使用IoC容器作为构建完关注所有架构层的完整解决方案方面是独一无二的。 Spring提供了唯一的数据访问抽象，包括简单和有效率的JDBC框架，极大的改进了效率并且减少了可能的错误。Spring的数据访问架构还集成了 Hibernate和其他O/R mapping解决方案。Spring还提供了唯一的事务管理抽象，它能够在各种底层事务管理技术，例如JTA或者JDBC事务提供一个一致的编程模型。 Spring提供了一个用标准Java语言编写的AOP框架，它给POJOs提供了声明式的事务管理和其他企业事务--如果你需要--还能实现你自己的 aspects。这个框架足够强大，使得应用程序能够抛开EJB的复杂性，同时享受着和传统EJB相关的关键服务。Spring还提供了可以和IoC容器集成的强大而灵活的MVC Web框架。【SpringIDE：Eclipse平台下一个辅助开发插件】. WebWork 【Java开源 Web框架】 WebWork 是由OpenSymphony组织开发的，致力于组件化和代码重用的拉出式MVC模式J2EE Web框架。WebWork目前最新版本是2.1，现在的WebWork2.x前身是Rickard Oberg开发的WebWork，但现在WebWork已经被拆分成了Xwork1和WebWork2两个项目。 Xwork简洁、灵活功能强大，它是一个标准的Command模式实现，并且完全从web层脱离出来。 Xwork提供了很多核心功能：前端拦截机（interceptor），运行时表单属性验证，类型转换，强大的表达式语言（OGNL – the Object Graph Notation Language），IoC（Inversion of Control倒置控制）容器等。 WebWork2建立在Xwork之上，处理HTTP的响应和请求。WebWork2使用ServletDispatcher将HTTP请求的变成 Action(业务层Action类), session（会话）application（应用程序）范围的映射，request请求参数映射。WebWork2支持多视图表示，视图部分可以使用 JSP, Velocity, FreeMarker, JasperReports，XML等。在WebWork2.2中添加了对AJAX的支持，这支持是构建在DWR与Dojo这两个框架的基础之上.【EclipseWork：用于WebWork辅助开发的一个Eclipse插件】 Struts 【Java开源 Web框架】 Struts 是一个基于Sun J2EE平台的MVC框架，主要是采用Servlet和JSP技术来实现的。由于Struts能充分满足应用开发的需求，简单易用，敏捷迅速，在过去的一年中颇受关注。Struts把Servlet、JSP、自定义标签和信息资源(message resources)整合到一个统一的框架中，开发人员利用其进行开发时不用再自己编码实现全套MVC模式，极大的节省了时间，所以说Struts是一个非常不错的应用框架。【StrutsIDE：用于Struts辅助开发的一个Eclipse插件】 Hibernate 【Java开源 持久层框架】 Hibernate 是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架，它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装，使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合，既可以在Java的客户端程序实用，也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用，最具革命意义的是，Hibernate可以在应用EJB的J2EE架构中取代CMP，完成数据持久化的重任。Eclipse平台下的Hibernate辅助开发工具:【Hibernate Synchronizer】【MiddlegenIDE】 Quartz 【Java开源 Job调度】 Quartz 是OpenSymphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域又一个开源项目,它可以与J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。Quartz可以用来创建简单或为运行十个，百个，甚至是好几万个Jobs这样复杂的日程序表。Jobs可以做成标准的Java组件或 EJBs。Quartz的最新版本为Quartz 1.5.0。 Velocity 【Java开源 模板引擎】 Velocity 是一个基于java的模板引擎（template engine）。它允许任何人仅仅简单的使用模板语言（template language）来引用由java代码定义的对象。当Velocity应用于web开发时，界面设计人员可以和java程序开发人员同步开发一个遵循MVC架构的web站点，也就是说，页面设计人员可以只关注页面的显示效果，而由java程序开发人员关注业务逻辑编码。Velocity将java代码从web页面中分离出来，这样为web站点的长期维护提供了便利，同时也为我们在JSP和PHP之外又提供了一种可选的方案。 Velocity的能力远不止web站点开发这个领域，例如，它可以从模板（template）产生SQL和PostScript、XML，它也可以被当作一个独立工具来产生源代码和报告，或者作为其他系统的集成组件使用。Velocity也可以为Turbine web开发架构提供模板服务（template service）。Velocity+Turbine提供一个模板服务的方式允许一个web应用以一个真正的MVC模型进行开发。 【VeloEclipse ：Velocity在Eclipse平台下的一个辅助开发插件】 IBATIS 【Java开源 持久层框架】 使用ibatis 提供的ORM机制，对业务逻辑实现人员而言，面对的是纯粹的Java对象， 这一层与通过Hibernate 实现ORM 而言基本一致，而对于具体的数据操作，Hibernate 会自动生成SQL 语句，而ibatis 则要求开发者编写具体的SQL 语句。相对Hibernate等 “全自动”ORM机制而言，ibatis 以SQL开发的工作量和数据库移植性上的让步，为系统设计提供了更大的自由空间。作为“全自动”ORM 实现的一种有益补充，ibatis 的出现显 得别具意义。 Compiere ERP&CRM 【Java开源ERP与CRM系统】 Compiere ERP&CRM为全球范围内的中小型企业提供综合型解决方案，覆盖从客户管理、供应链到财务管理的全部领域，支持多组织、多币种、多会计模式、多成本计算、多语种、多税制等国际化特性。易于安装、易于实施、易于使用。只需要短短几个小时，您就可以使用申购-采购-发票-付款、报价-订单-发票-收款、产品与定价、资产管理、客户关系、供应商关系、员工关系、经营业绩分析等强大功能了。 Roller Weblogger 【Java开源 Blog博客】 这个weblogging 设计得比较精巧，源代码是很好的学习资料。它支持weblogging应有的特性如：评论功能，所见即所得HTML编辑，TrackBack，提供页面模板，RSS syndication，blogroll管理和提供一个XML-RPC 接口。 Eclipse 【Java开源 开发工具】 Eclipse平台是IBM向开放源码社区捐赠的开发框架，它之所以出名并不是因为IBM宣称投入开发的资金总数 —4千万美元，而是因为如此巨大的投入所带来的成果：一个成熟的、精心设计的以及可扩展的体系结构。 NetBeans 【Java开源 开发工具】 NetBeans IDE 是一个为软件开发者提供的自由、开源的集成开发环境。您可以从中获得您所需要的所有工具，用 Java、C/C++ 甚至是 Ruby 来创建专业的桌面应用程序、企业应用程序、web 和移动应用程序。此 IDE 可以在多种平台上运行，包括 Windows、Linux、Mac OS X 以及 Solaris；它易于安装且非常方便使用。 XPlanner 【Java开源 项目管理】 XPlanner 一个基于Web的XP团队计划和跟踪工具。XP独特的开发概念如iteration、user stories等，XPlanner都提供了相对应的的管理工具，XPlanner支持XP开发流程，并解决利用XP思想来开发项目所碰到的问题。 XPlanner特点包括：简单的模型规划，虚拟笔记卡(Virtual note cards),iterations、user stories与工作记录的追踪，未完成stories将自动迭代，工作时间追踪，生成团队效率，个人工时报表，SOAP界面支持。 HSQLDB 【Java开源 DBMS数据库】 HSQLDB(Hypersonic SQL)是纯Java开发的关系型数据库,并提供JDBC驱动存取数据。支持ANSI-92 标准 SQL语法。而且他占的空间很小。大约只有160K,拥有快速的数据库引擎。 Liferay 【Java开源 Portal门户】 代表了完整的J2EE应用，使用了Web、EJB以及JMS等技术，特别是其前台界面部分使用Struts 框架技术，基于XML的portlet配置文件可以自由地动态扩展，使用了Web Services来支持一些远程信息的获取，使用 Apahce Lucene实现全文检索功能。 JetSpeed 【Java开源 Portal门户】 Jetspeed 是一个开放源代码的企业信息门户(EIP)的实现，使用的技术是Java和XML。用户可以使用浏览器，支持WAP协议的手机或者其它的设备访问Jetspeed架设的信息门户获取信息。Jetspeed扮演着信息集中器的角色，它能够把信息集中起来并且很容易地提供给用户。 JOnAS 【Java开源 J2EE服务器】 JOnAS 是一个开放源代码的J2EE实现，在ObjectWeb协会中开发。整合了Tomcat或Jetty成为它的Web容器，以确保符合Servlet 2.3和JSP 1.2规范。JOnAS服务器依赖或实现以下的Java API：JCA、JDBC、JTA 、JMS、JMX、JNDI、JAAS、JavaMail 。 JFox3.0 【Java开源 J2EE服务器】 JFox 是 Open Source Java EE Application Server，致力于提供轻量级的Java EE应用服务器，从3.0开始，JFox提供了一个支持模块化的MVC框架，以简化EJB以及Web应用的开发! 如果您正在寻找一个简单、轻量、高效、完善的Java EE开发平台，那么JFox正是您需要的。 [编辑本段]Java IDE 当今最流行的是Eclipse,Myeclipse,Jbuilder2008,Jdeveloper,Netbeans等。 [编辑本段]JAVA培训 现在的JAVA培训公司众多，比较好的一家是北京人和创建公司。它为外包合作企业制定内训基地，100%包分配，入学即签订就业保障协议。详情可参阅公司网站！ 选择Java后，经过一个系统的培训会为以后的发展奠定良好的基础！ [编辑本段]Java图书Java编程思想（第4版） 作 者： （美）埃克尔 著，陈昊鹏 译Java编程思想(第4版)出 版 社： 机械工业出版社 出版时间： 2007-6-1 字 数： 版 次： 1 页 数： 880 印刷时间： 2007/06/01 开 本： 印 次： 纸 张： 胶版纸 I S B N ： 9787111213826 包 装： 平装 作者简介 Bruce Eckel是MindView公司的总裁，该公司向客户提供软件咨询和培训。他是C++标准委员会拥有表决权的成员之一，拥有应用物理学学士和计算机工程硕士学位。除本书外，他还是《C++编程思想》的作者，并与人合著了《C++编程思想 第2卷》（这两本书的英文影印版及中文版均已由机械工业出版社引进出版）及其他著作。他已经发表了150多篇论文，还经常参加世界各地的研讨会并进行演讲。 就业方向： 可以从事JSP网站开发、Java编程、Java游戏开发、Java桌面程序设计，以及其他与Java语言编程相关的工作。可进入电信、银行、保险专业软件开发公司等从事软件设计和开发工作。

《bad guy》歌词如下：歌曲原唱：比莉·艾利什填词：比莉·艾利什，菲尼亚斯·奥康奈尔谱曲：比莉·艾利什，菲尼亚斯·奥康奈尔White shirt now red my bloody noseSleepin" you"re on your tippy toesCreepin" around like no one knowsThink you"re so criminalBruises on both my knees for youDon"t say thank you or pleaseI do what I want when I"m wanting toMy soul so cynicalSo you"re a tough guyLike it really rough guyJust can"t get enough guyChest always so puffed guyI"m that bad typeMake your mama sad typeMake your girlfriend mad tightMight seduce your dad typeI"m the bad guy duhI"m the bad guyI like it when you take controlEven if you know that you don"tOwn me I"ll let you play the roleI"ll be your animalMy mommy likes to sing along with meBut she won"t sing this songIf she reads all the lyricsShe"ll pity the men I knowSo you"re a tough guyLike it really rough guyJust can"t get enough guyChest always so puffed guyI"m that bad typeMake your mama sad typeMake your girlfriend mad tightMight seduce your dad typeI"m the bad guy duhI"m the bad guy duhI"m only good at bein" bad badI like when you get madI guess I"m pretty glad that you"re aloneYou said she"s scared of meI mean I don"t see what she seesBut maybe it"s "cause I"m wearing your cologneI"m a bad guyI"m a bad guyBad guy bad guyI"m a bad白色的衬衫，现在血溅上了我的鼻尖沉睡着，你踮着你小心翼翼的脚尖匍匐在我的四周，仿佛无人知晓你是如此罪恶为了你，我的膝盖被淤伤布满别再说什么“谢谢”或者“请”之类的话当我想要的时候，我会不顾一切做我想要的事我的灵魂吗，早已愤世嫉俗所以你一定是个硬汉就像电影里经典的硬汉永远欲求不满的硬汉永远热血沸腾的硬汉我是比较坏的那种让你的妈妈难过的那种让你的女朋友生气的那种会诱惑你爹地的那种我正是故事的反角我就是那个反角我喜欢你掌握一切的模样即使你知道你已占于下风占有我 我来让你做决裁者我会成为你的宠物我的妈咪喜欢和我一起唱歌但这首歌她绝不会唱如果她读过了这首歌的歌词她也会可怜这个我认识的男人所以你一定是个硬汉就像电影里经典的硬汉永远欲求不满的硬汉永远热血沸腾的硬汉我是比较坏的那种让你的妈妈难过的那种让你的女朋友生气的那种会诱惑你爹地的那种我正是故事的反角我就是那个反角我唯一擅长的事情便是使坏我喜欢你恼羞成怒的模样此刻你孤身一人 是我在暗自欢欣你说她会害怕我吗我的意思是，我无法看到她的目之所及但或许是因为我喷着你的古龙水吧我就是那个反角我就是那个反角反角，故事的反角我就是那个反角获奖记录2019年8月20日，该曲取得了美国公告牌百强单曲榜冠军。2020年1月26日，该曲获得第62届格莱美奖年度歌曲、年度制作，比莉凭借该曲获得了最佳流行歌手；3月11日，国际唱片业协会（IFPI）公布2019年十大最畅销单曲，《Bad Guy》以1950万销量夺得年度冠军。

given name 是取的名字 family name 是姓氏

片头曲“Signalize！”（发信号！）（第1 - 25话）“ダイヤモンドハッピー”（第26话 - 50话）以上歌曲皆来自作词 - 畑亚贵/ 作曲 - NARASAKI/ 编曲 - SADESPERRECORD/ 歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“KIRA☆Power”（第51话 -75集）作词 - 畑亚贵/作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお from STAR☆ANIS香港版本“前行吧！”（第1 - 25话）作词 - ？/作曲 - NARASAKI/编曲 - ？/歌 -吴若希“SHINING LINE*”（第76话 -）作词 - こだまさおい / 作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/歌 - わか、ふうり、ゆな from STAR☆ANIS片尾曲“カレンダーガール” (Calender Girls，日历女孩)（第1 - 25话）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお from STAR☆ANIS【第26话插入曲：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ fromSTAR☆ANIS】“ヒラリ/ヒトリ/キラリ”（第26话 - 43话）作词 - 只野菜摘/ 作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ、えり、ゆな、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“アリスブルーのキス”（第44话）作词 - 原田谦太/ 作曲 - 阪本尧之/ 编曲、歌 - Rey“オリジナルスター☆彡”（第51话 -75集）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ、えり、ゆな、りすこ fromSTAR☆ANIS“Precious”（第76话 -）作词 - 辻纯更 / 作曲、编曲 - 帆足 圭吾（MONACA）/歌 - りすこ、わか、ふうり、もなfrom STAR☆ANIS插曲（主要角色）“Move on now！”（马上行动）（第1、3、9话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）第1、3话：歌 -りすこ from STAR☆ANIS第9话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなおfrom STAR☆ANIS“アイドル活动！”（偶像活动！）（第1、2、4、6、8、16、17、29、44、65、76话）作词 - uRy/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）第1、6话：歌 - わか from STAR☆ANIS第2、4话：歌 - わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS第8话：歌 - すなお、ゆにこ from STAR☆ANIS第16、17话：歌 - わか、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS第29、44、65话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなおfrom STAR☆ANIS第76话：歌 - るか from STAR☆ANIS“prism spiral”（棱镜螺旋）（第5、7、56、71话）作词 - uRy/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌- ふうり fromSTAR☆ANIS“Angel Snow”（天使雪）（第10、11话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）第10话：歌 - わか、れみ from STAR☆ANIS第11话：歌 - れみ from STAR☆ANIS“We wish you a merry Christmas AIKATSU！Ver.”（我们祝你圣诞节快乐！Ver.）（第12、62话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 冈部启一（MONACA）/ 歌 - すなおfrom STAR☆ANIS“Trap of Love”（爱的陷阱）（第8、13、15、57话）作词 - 七菜/ 作曲 - 森健一/ 编曲 - 小泽正澄/ 歌 - すなお、わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS“Signalize！”（发信号！）（第17、40话）作词 - 畑亚贵/ 作曲 - NARASAKI/ 编曲 - SADESPER RECORD第17话：歌 - わか、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS第40话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお fromSTAR☆ANIS“Growing for a dream”（成长为一个梦想）（第18、23、30话）作词 - 小内喜文/ 作曲 - 今井宏/ 编曲 - 小泽正澄第18、23话：歌 - わか from STAR☆ANIS第30话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ、えり from STAR☆ANIS“硝子ドール”（玻璃人偶）（第19、20、49话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）第19话：歌 - わか、もえ from STAR☆ANIS第20、49话：歌 - もえ from STAR☆ANIS“カレンダーガール”（第22、25、50、55话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）第22、50话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなおfrom STAR☆ANIS第25话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえfrom STAR☆ANIS第55话：歌 - ゆな from STAR☆ANIS“放课后ポニーテール”（放课后的马尾辫）（第24、60话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌 -れみ from STAR☆ANIS“同じ地球のしあわせに”（同是地球的一个梦）（第26、30话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌 -えり from STAR☆ANIS“G调上のShining Sky”（G调上的Shining Sky）（第27、28话）作词 - uRy/ 作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）第27话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ、えり、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS第28话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、りすこfrom STAR☆ANIS第28话：歌 - わか、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“wake up my music”（呼唤我的音乐）（第31、47、48、72话）【第72话只是纯音乐版本】作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 冈部启一（MONACA）第31话：歌 - わか、えいみ from STAR☆ANIS第31话：歌 - わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS第47、48话：歌 - えいみ、りさ“fashion check！”（时尚检查）（第32话）作词 - uRy/ 作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ from STAR☆ANIS“Take Me Higher”（让我飞的更高）（第33、34、35、36、37、38话）作词 - 只野茶摘/ 作曲、编曲 - 永谷乔夫第33、35话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなおfrom STAR☆ANIS第34话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、ゆな from STAR☆ANIS第36、37话：歌 - りすこ、すなお、ゆな from STAR☆ANIS第38话：歌 - りすこ、もえ、ゆな from STAR☆ANIS“ダイヤモンドハッピー”（第37、38、39、45、46话）作词 - 畑亚贵 / 作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお from STAR☆ANIS“ヒラリ/ヒトリ/キラリ”（第41、42、45话）作词 - 只野菜摘/作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）/歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ、もえ、えり、ゆな、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“Moonlight destiny”（月光下的命运）（第49、50话）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）第49话：歌 - りすこ from STAR☆ANIS第50话：歌 - りすこ、わか from STAR☆ANIS“アイドル活动！（Ver.Rock）”（偶像活动！（Ver.Rock））（第51 - 53话）作词 - uRy/作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）第51话：歌 - ふうり from STAR☆ANIS第52话：歌 - わか from STAR☆ANIS第53话：歌 - わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS“オリジナルスター☆彡”（第54、74话）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲 - 田中秀和 （MONACA）第54话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお from STAR☆ANIS第74话：歌 - れみ、えり from STAR☆ANIS“マジカルタイム”（第58、66话）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲、编曲 - 高桥邦幸（MONACA）第58话：歌 - ゆな、れみ from STAR☆ANIS第66话：歌 - ゆな from STAR☆ANIS“Kirau30fbpatau30fbshining”（第61、67话）作词 - 只野菜摘/作曲、编曲 - PandaBoy / 歌 - すなお from STAR☆ANIS“KIRA☆Power”（第63、65话）作词 - 畑亚贵/作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/歌 - わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS“Dance in the rain”（在雨中跳舞）（第64话）作词 - uRy/作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/歌 - わか from STAR☆ANIS“オーロラプリンセス”（第68、69话）作词 - 畑亚贵/作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）第68话：歌 - えり from STAR☆ANIS第69话：歌 - えり、わか from STAR☆ANIS“ハッピィクレッシェンド”（第72、73话）作词 - 辻纯更 / 作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）第72话：歌 - ゆな、ふうり、すなお、えり from STAR☆ANIS第73话：歌 - わか、ふうり、すなお、れみ from STAR☆ANIS“Precious”（第75话）作词 - 辻纯更 / 作曲、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）/歌 - りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“笑颜のSuncatcher”（第78、80话）歌：りすこu30fbもな from STAR☆ANIS作词：只野菜摘　作曲u30fb编曲：永谷乔夫“CHU-CHUu2661RAINBOW”歌：れみu30fbえり from STAR☆ANIS作词：こだまさおり　作曲u30fb编曲：広川恵一（MONACA）其他歌曲“みんな大好きポップンポップコーン”（第10、38话）作词 - こだまさおり/作曲 - 奈良崎伸毅（NARASAKI）/歌 - れみ from STAR☆ANIS“アリスブルーのキス”（爱丽丝蓝色的吻）（第11、44话）作词 - 原田谦太/ 作曲 - 坂本尧之/ 歌、编曲 - Rey“真夜中のスカイハイ”（深夜的天空）（第14话）作词 - uRy/ 作曲、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌- りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“Thrilling Dream”（激动人心的梦想）（第21话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 石滨翔（MONACA）/ 歌 - すなお、りすこ from STAR☆ANIS“さまさまばけーしょん！”（第40话）作词 - ミズシマ教授/ 作曲、编曲 - 高桥邦幸（MONACA）/ 歌 - ねむ“右回りWonderland”（第43话）作词 - こだまさおり/ 作曲、编曲 - 高田龙一（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、すなお from STAR☆ANIS“新u30fbチョコレート事件”（新-巧克力事件）（第59话）作词 - 畑田贵/ 作曲 、编曲 - 田中秀和（MONACA）/ 歌 - ゆな from STAR☆ANIS“ミトレジャーノ！”（第70话）作词 - 只野菜摘 / 作曲 、编曲 - 帆足圭吾（MONACA）/ 歌 - わか、ふうり from STAR☆ANIS

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　　1. Man 　　平日里你也许听过“真的很man”一类的表达，man这个词常被借来赞帅锅够酷、够男人!英文里的man不仅指“男人”，还有彰显男儿本色的意思。例如：Don"t cry! Be a man! (别哭了!男人点儿!)另外，英文还有个短语：make a man out of somebody(把某人锻炼成男子汉)。比如： 　　They thought the army would make a man out of him。 　　他们觉得参军能让他成为男子汉。 　　英文如果想说“大丈夫”、“真男人”，还可以在man前面加上true或real。 　　2. Tough guy 　　Tough一词本身有“不怕艰难险阻、意志坚强、不屈不挠”的意思，tough guy指的就是那些形象高大、不畏艰险、总有办法应对困难的“硬汉”。比如《特种部队》系列电影中，史泰龙、施瓦辛格一行人等都是妥妥的硬汉(tough guy)。 英文你可以这样说： 　　He plays the tough guy in the movie。 　　他在那部电影里扮演硬汉。 　　3. Masculine 　　英文表达“男性的”、“有男子气概的”，你还可以用masculine。 例如：He was handsome and strong, and very masculine。(他英俊健壮，还很有男子气概。)当然，你也可以用masculine来形容女性，比如： 　　She has a rather masculine voice。 　　她的声音很像男的。 　　4. Macho 　　比masculine还要男人的是macho，用来形容某人具备传统的男性特质。Macho虽然表示“大男子气概的”，但暗指太强悍，有些过头了，所以不是一种肯定的说法。例如： 　　He"s too macho to ever admit he was wrong。他太大男子主义了，从来都不认错。 　　5. Hardy 　　真心英雄都是内心强大的真汉子，不管在多么恶劣的环境下，都能吃苦耐劳，接受挑战。英文我们可以用hardy来形容。例如： 　　Most of the soldiers were hardy young men。 　　大部分士兵都是吃苦耐劳的年轻小伙。 　　形容动植物，hardy还可以表示“耐寒、耐旱”。 　　【拓展阅读】 　　“无所谓”的8种表达 　　1. be ok (fine) with 对……无碍，不要紧Whatever you think is fine with me。 　　随你怎么想，我无所谓。 　　2. give a damn 不在乎，不感兴趣(永远用于否定形式)He couldn"t give a damn whether he passes the exam or not。 　　他对考试及格与否满不在乎。 　　3. suit yourself 随你的便;按自己的意愿行事You don"t want to join the club? Oh well, suit yourself。 　　你不愿意参加俱乐部是吗?那好，随你的便吧。 　　4. it"s up to you 听你的，由你决定So if you really want class to make a difference in your life, it"s up to you。 　　所以如果你真的想通过这门课改变生活，一切取决于你。 　　5. I don"t care 我不在乎I don"t care what she thinks。 　　我不管她怎么想。 　　6. do whatever you want 爱咋咋地I have no doubt about that. You can always do whatever you want。 　　我对此毫不怀疑，你想做的事，总是能做到。 　　7. as you wish/if you want 随你吧As for your departments plan, you can change as you wish.[/en] 　　至于你们部门的计划，你愿意怎么改就怎么改吧。 　　8. whatever 管他呢[en]I totally have no idea how to file my tax return, whatever。 　　我完全不知道该怎么报税，唉，随便啦。