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虚拟语气的用法

2023-07-17 20:57:24
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当主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

虚拟语气的基本用法

1. 与现在的事实相反

Topgrade 〔A〕 diamonds had not 〔B〕 increased so sharply 〔C〕 in value in the late seventies 〔D〕 if one company had not controlled almost all of the world"s supply.

3. 与将来的事实相反

4. 与将来的事实可能相反

(1) If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是万一 明天下雨,我就呆在家里不出去。 事实上 现在天气很好,明天下雨的可能性应该不大,不过也说不准。

(2) If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it. 如果下周一我能见到她的话我就把这件事告诉她。

II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式

一、表示“好像”:除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反

二、特殊连词的需要:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+加动词原形)

We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑,恐怕他生气。)

He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加紧步伐,生怕在急行军中掉队。)

Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我对他特别关照,唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。)

He"s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)

三、介词短语表示虚拟: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设

He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好。)

四、虚拟错综条件句:上面几种假设类型中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整

If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事,我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。)

五、省略虚拟条件句:虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装(参见第十三章“倒装句”)

III 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况

一、在wish的宾语从句中

1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反

She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) / I wish I didn"t say that. (要是我不说这件事就好了。) / I wished I were not so worried. Then I would not have had the accident. ( 我要是不那么忧郁就好了,那也就不会发生那场事故了。)

2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would+动词原形

I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) / She wishes you wouldn"t go. (她希望你不要走。)

3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时

二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中:一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类

1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句

suggest(建议), propose (提议), recommend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促)。

When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)

One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替):这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should + 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形

it is necessary 【 essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…; it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .

虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。

一、在宾语从句中

1.当主句的谓语动词为“suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request, desire""等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时,其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如:

I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。

We advise that steps(should)be taken at once.我们建议要立刻采取措施。

They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once.他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。

He ordered that aU(should)take part in the work.他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。

另外,当主句动词为“ask,move,urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时,其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如:

He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.他要求给他一个尝试的机会。

I move that the money be used for books. 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。

They urged that we take action on this matter immediately.他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。

2.当主句动词为wish,表示“但愿……”,“要是……该多好叼”之意时,其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。

①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were,但有时也可用was)。例如:

1 wish 1 were/Was as strong as you.我要是像你一样强壮就好了。

1 wish l remembered his address.我要是记住他的地址就好了。

有时;为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作,从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如:

1 wish it wasn"t raining.要是天不下雨就好

了。

②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如:

We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。

He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。

③情态动词“would,could,might”等后接动词原形,表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如:

1 wish he would try again.我希望他再试一下。

We wish he could come.我们希望他能来。

3.在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。

4.在would rather之后的宾语从句中,其动词用虚拟语气,表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。

①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如:

I"d rather you went home now.我宁愿让你现在就回家。

Don"t come tomorrow.I"d rather you came nextweekend.明天别来,我宁愿你下个周末来。

一Shall l open a window?我开窗行吗? 一I"d rather you didn"t.你最好别开。

②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。

例如:

I"d rather you hadn"t done that.我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。

二、在主语从句中

1.在句型“h is/was+过去分词+that从句”中,当过去分词为“suggested,ordered,desired,insisted, required,demanded,requested,decided,proposed,urged""等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

h is desired that everyone(should)get erything ready bY toniShL要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。

It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party.请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。

2.在句型“h is/Was+形容词+that从句”中,当形容词为“important,necessary,strange,natural""等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language.掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。

It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你们的帮助,真奇怪。

3.在句型“h is/was+名词+that从句” 中,当名词为“a pity,a shame,no wonder"等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾,他竟然那么自私。

三、在同位语从句或表语从句中

在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice""等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中,用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:

I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)

His suggestion that the meeting(shoald)be held in this room has been accepted.他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句)

My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)

四、在定语从句中

在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中,谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念,意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。

例如:

h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。

五、在状语从句中

1.在假设条件句的if条件从句中

假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构:

①与现在的事实相反,其句子结构为“If+主语+were/谓语动词的过去式”。例如:

If 1 were you,I shouldn"t do that.如果我是你,就不会做那件事了。

We would go with you if we had time.如果我们有时间的话,就和你一道去了。

We could ask him if he were here.如果他在这儿,我们就可以问他了。

②与过去的事实相反,其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如:

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it如果昨天他见到你,他就会问你那件事了。

If you had come earlier,you would have met him.如果你早点儿来,就会遇到他了。

1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number.如果我知道你的电话号码,就打电话给你了。

③表示将来不太可能实现的条件,其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式/were to+动词原形/should+动词原形”。例如:

If he came tomorrow,he would find me in the schoo1.如果他明天来的话,会在学校找到我。

If it should rain,the crops would be saved.如果下雨,庄稼就有救了。

If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。

注:在if从句中,如果含有“were,should,had""时,可省去if而将“were,should,had""置于句首,构成倒装句。例如:

Were l in your position,1 would go.如果我处在你的位子上,我就走了。

Had you arrived five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.如果你早到五分钟,

你就可以给他们送行了。

Should he come,tell him to ring me up.如果他来的话,叫他打电话给我。

2.在目的状语从句中

①在由lest

和in case等引导的目的状语从句中,用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如:

He ran away lest he(should)be seen.他跑走了,以免被人看到。

She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her.她解释了一遍又一遍,以免他误解她。

in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时,从句表示的就是真实情况,而不是虚拟情况。例如:

Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold.带上厚衣服,以防天气变冷。

②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”

引导的目的从句中,要用“can/could/may/might/would+动词原形”,以表示目的并非事实。例如:

She stayed at home for a few days so that

she might/could take care of her sick mother. 她在家呆了几天,以便照顾她生病的母亲。

③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中,用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may/might/would)。例如:

He worked hard for fear that he should fail.他努力学习,害怕考试不及格。

3.在方式状语从句中

由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中,如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的,则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相

反;如果是BE动词,则用were;②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如:

She loves the child as if he were her own.她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。

(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)

Holding his head high,he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn"t exist.他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过,就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)

He speaks English as well as ifhe hadstudied in England.他英语说得这么好,好像他去英国学过英语似的。(实际上他没有在英国学过英语)

4.在原因状语从句中

在“I"m sorry that.—/We were surprised that一./They were disappointed that...”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中,用“should十动词原形”。例如:

I"m sorry that he should be in such poor health.他的身体这么差让我很难过。

We were surprised that she should be so stubbom.她这么固执让我们感到奇怪。

上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气,但这仅表示所叙述的是事实,而不表示讲话人的情绪。

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2023-07-17 13:37:211

beof+n.这个英语语法究竟怎么用

您说的是be+of+抽象名词,其意思等于与名词相对应的形容词,是一种很正式的表达方式.这些抽象名词是通常是success,importance,help,value,interest,health等等.例如:What he said is of great importance to us all==What he said is very important to us all.又如:Going to library is of much help to your study==Going to library is very helpful to your study.又如:You are sure of success==You are surely successful.
2023-07-17 13:37:311

urgent和immediately的用法

基本上 at once 和 immediately 是一样的 urgent 用来形容紧急的事情
2023-07-17 13:37:451

虚拟语气中的特殊用法

虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法1.非真实条件句中谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反:条件从句 结果从句if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式 i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形与过去事实相反:if i(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词 i(we) should/you would/they would+have+过 去分词与将来事实可能: if i(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式/were to i(we) should/you would/they would+动词原形相反 /should例句:1与现实事实相反:I am sorry I am very busy now.If I had time,I would certainly come to see you.很抱歉,我很忙。如果有时间,我一定去看你了。2与过去事实相反:If I had not been for your help,I wouldn"t have finished the work so easily.如果当时听了你的话,我就不会犯那样的错误了。3与将来事实相反:If it rained(were to rain /should rain)tomorrow,I should stay at home.如果明天下雨,我会待在家里。二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1、在以it为形式主语的复合句中,虚拟语气在主语从句中表示建议、要求、命令等,谓语动词用should be 型或be型虚拟式,在美国英语中常用be型虚拟式。如:It"s natural that she should do so.她这么做是很自然的事。2、主句的谓语为某些动词的被动语态,常用在it is (was)desired (suggested,settled,proposed,recommended,requested ,decided,etc)that...句型中如:It is suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.四、虚拟语气在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式 一、表示“好像”:除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反 二、特殊连词的需要:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+加动词原形)He"s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)三、介词短语表示虚拟: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设 He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。) 2) But for his help,I . 〔A〕 should not have succeeded3) The complex society of a modern 〔C〕 the art of writing 4) But that he came to help me, I . 〔A〕 could not have succeededIII 从句中须用虚拟语气的情况 一、在wish的宾语从句中 1. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略)要用虚拟语气表示一种不可实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反 She wishes she had more money. (她真希望有更多的钱。) 2. 当wish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时,可用过去时,也可用would+动词原形 I wish you would stay here longer. (我希望你在这儿多呆一会。) 3. would rather(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿), had rather(宁愿) 等词或短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时 二、在某些特殊概念词的宾语从句中:一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形。这些词可分为下列几类 1. 下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句 suggest(建议), propose (提议), recommend(建议), move (提议), advise(建议), insist(坚持), urge(极力主张), ask, require, request(要求), demand, desire, order, command(命令), decide, intend(打算), prefer(宁愿), urge(敦促)。 When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ” (当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)2. 下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念结构后的主语从句或逻辑上的主从结构(如下列形容词作宾语从句的补足语时,这时宾语从句一般用it来代替):这时that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should + 动词原形”或省略should,只用动词原形it is necessary 【 essential (重要的), vital(极重要的,不可缺少的),important,imperative(必须的),urgent(紧要的),advisable(应该的),proper(适当的),obligatory (必须的),desirable(今人满意的,值得的),appropriate(合适的),fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)】that…; it is(was, has been) desired 【suggested , requested, ordered , proposed, dicided】 that … .3. 下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面可以跟接“that”引导的表语从句和同位语从句。这种由that引导的从句其谓语动词通常用should+动词原形或省略should。这类词有:order, request, requiremetn, insistence,suggestion, command, necessity, importance, idea, plan, motion(提议),proposal(建议),recommendation(建议),understanding(协议), resolution(决定,决议)4. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。5. 另外,在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错,我都会支持她的。)但如果把引导词去掉,我们就要用倒装句,如上述几句可变为Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.三、it is (high) time, 〔该(必须)做……〕等词或短语后面的 从句 中的谓语动词应使用过去时表示虚拟语气It is high time that you went home. (你们现在必须回家了。)It is high time that this wrong spending .此外,还有省去了结果主句的虚拟结构,一般表示愿望,如: If only I were five years younger! (要是能年轻5岁就好了。) 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。一、在宾语从句中1.当主句的谓语动词为“suggest,propose,advise,insist,order,demand,require,request, desire""等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时,其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如:I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。另外,当主句动词为“ask,move,urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时,其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如:I move that the money be used for books. 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。2.当主句动词为wish,表示“但愿……”,“要是……该多好叼”之意时,其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were,但有时也可用was)。例如:1 wish l remembered his address.我要是记住他的地址就好了。有时;为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作,从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如:1 wish it wasn"t raining.要是天不下雨就好了。②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如:We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。③情态动词“would,could,might”等后接动词原形,表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如:We wish he could come.我们希望他能来。3.在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution.我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。4.在would rather之后的宾语从句中,其动词用虚拟语气,表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如:I"d rather you went home now.我宁愿让你现在就回家。②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。例如:I"d rather you hadn"t done that.我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。二、在主语从句中1.在句型“h is/was+过去分词+that从句”中,当过去分词为“suggested,ordered,desired,insisted, required,demanded,requested,decided,proposed,urged""等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party.请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。2.在句型“h is/Was+形容词+that从句”中,当形容词为“important,necessary,strange,natural""等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:It is strange that he (should) refuse your help.他竟然拒绝你们的帮助,真奇怪。3.在句型“h is/was+名词+that从句” 中,当名词为“a pity,a shame,no wonder"等时,从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾,他竟然那么自私。三、在同位语从句或表语从句中在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice""等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中,用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如:I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)四、在定语从句中在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中,谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念,意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。例如:h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。五、在状语从句中1.在假设条件句的if条件从句中假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构:①与现在的事实相反,其句子结构为“If+主语+were/谓语动词的过去式”。例如:If 1 were you,I shouldn"t do that.如果我是你,就不会做那件事了。②与过去的事实相反,其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如:1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number.如果我知道你的电话号码,就打电话给你了。③表示将来不太可能实现的条件,其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式/were to+动词原形/should+动词原形”。例如:If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。注:在if从句中,如果含有“were,should,had""时,可省去if而将“were,should,had""置于句首,构成倒装句。例如:Were l in your position,1 would go.如果我处在你的位子上,我就走了。2.在目的状语从句中①在由lest和in case等引导的目的状语从句中,用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如:He ran away lest he(should)be seen.他跑走了,以免被人看到。in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时,从句表示的就是真实情况,而不是虚拟情况。例如:Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold.带上厚衣服,以防天气变冷。②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”引导的目的从句中,要用“can/could/may/might/would+动词原形”,以表示目的并非事实。例如:she might/could take care of her sick mother. 她在家呆了几天,以便照顾她生病的母亲。③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中,用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may/might/would)。例如:He worked hard for fear that he should fail.他努力学习,害怕考试不及格。3.在方式状语从句中由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中,如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的,则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相反;如果是BE动词,则用were;②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如:She loves the child as i厂he were her own.她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)Holding his head high,he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn"t exist.他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过,就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)4.在原因状语从句中在“I"m sorry that.—/We were surprised that一./They were disappointed that...”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中,用“should十动词原形”。例如:I"m sorry that he should be in such poor health.他的身体这么差让我很难过。上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气,但这仅表示所叙述的是事实,而不表示说话人的情绪
2023-07-17 13:38:051

几道英语单选词汇和语法题目(1)

吐血,我才初2
2023-07-17 13:38:164

列举虚拟语气时态的所有情况

简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。2、用动词原形。例如:Long live the people! 人民万岁!三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)如God save me.四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。 Don"t be afraid. (口语中常用don"t 代替do not)五、在一些习惯表达中。如:You"d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节:宾语从句中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例: I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例: I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn"t wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例: I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order表示“主张”的:maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。四、would rather , would sooner,had rather, would (just) as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should)常用的形容词:* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)二、在It is +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有:advice ,decision ,desire ,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity ,preference ,proposal,recommendation ,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。第三节:虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)order (命令)necessity (必要地), preference (优先)proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法),recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。第四部分:条件句中的虚拟语气第一节:if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类:1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。例如:If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。例如:If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。4、注意事项①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为:从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……例:If I were you, I would go with him.如果天气好,我去那儿。(事实天气不好)(二)、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为:从句:If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……主句:主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……(三)、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为:从句:If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……主句:主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……三、混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:1. 从句表示过去,主句表示将来:If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2. 从句表示将来,主句表示过去:If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, Iwould have gone to see the film with you last night.3.从句表示过去,主句表示将来:If we hadn"t made adequate preparations, we shouldn"t dare to do theexperiment next week.4.从句表示将来,主句表示现在:If we shouldn"t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.5.从句表示过去,主句表示现在。If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.6.从句表示现在,主句表示过去If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。)7.从句表示过去,主句表示过去和现在If you hadn"t lent me some money, I couldn"t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。) 四、含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况;1. 条件暗含在短语中。如:What would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如:You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)3. 在不少情况下,虚拟式已变成习惯说法,很难找出其暗含的条件。如:You wouldn"t know. 你不会知道。五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。例如:原句:If she were younger, she would do it.去If:Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时,把它们放在if的位置上;但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如:Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话,我们怎么办呢?3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下,如果if省略,动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如:If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪,法院有权起诉。)Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个:1. I could help you. (只有主句)2. If I had time. (只有从句)3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)第二节:其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”,“如果没有”(相当于if it were not for…)表示条件时,句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句,根据情况,可用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有",表示条件虚拟句:Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气,什么也不能生存。其他几种情况下的虚拟语气第一节:虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中,谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。如:The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)3.表示与将来事实相反:They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形,表示与将来事实相反)第二节:虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。例如:He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。第三节:介词短语表示虚拟有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。) 第四节:虚拟语气用在It is(about /high)time +that定语从句中在It is(about/high)time +that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should +动词原形。第五节:在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).⑴、If only he didn"t drive so fast! (现在)⑵、If only she had asked someone"s advice.(过去)⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)虚拟语气从句中should可以省略的情况1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句(宾语从句)里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如:advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.如:His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句(表语从句,同位语从句)里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如:advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.3. 在It is/was +形容词(或名词)后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 句型结构如:It is suggested / important / demanded / necessary / a pity /…+ that…It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.4. 在lest 和for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.
2023-07-17 13:38:241

虚拟语气的具体用法求解

虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节 虚拟语气在条件句中 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 (动词be用were) The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it.假如你们都站在上面,这个平台就会塌下来的。 主语+should,would, might,could+动词 原形 如果鲁迅还活着,看到新中国的伟大成就他会多么高兴啊! 与过去相反的假设 If+主语+had +过去分词 If the doctor had been available,the child would have been saved. 如果有医生在,这个小孩就会得救了。 主语+should, would, might, could +have done 如果飓风发生在白天,死亡的人数会更多。 与将来相反的假设 1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. 如果有一天我登上了月球,就能亲眼目睹月球的表面是什么样子了。 主语+should, would might, could+动词 原形 如果明天是星期天,我就去看望我奶奶。 NOTE:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点: 1. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整. If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话,你现在就会是大学生了. 2.在条件句中,可省略 if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式. If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等;that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形 (should可以省略)例如: 我们有必要出去散散步。 It"s necessary that we should have a walk now. 她这样做是很自然的。 It"s natural that she should do so. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 It"s important that we should take good care of the patient. 5 这类的形容词有advisable(可取的),appropriate(适当的),compulsary(必须的),crucial(关键的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(急迫的),vital(极为重要的)等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型,表示愿望,建议,请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. It is desired that we should get everything ready this evening. C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。 It"s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. It is his decison that his only son should go to the poorest county to learn the spirit of diligence there. 他决定自己的独子应该到最贫困的县去学习勤奋精神。 二、用于宾语从句 1、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为: 表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望) I wish I were a bird. (were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上) He wished that he were a scientist. (were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上) 表过去 过去完成时 (从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在,(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词) I wish you had come to our Christmas party. I wished that he had not made so much fuss about it. 表将来 would, might, could+动词原形 (从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在) I wish they would answer my letter of application as soon as possible. I wish that the rain could stop soon. 2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意:suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时,应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意. He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱. 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形” should可以省略. My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The demand is that the composition be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必须单面誊写。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off. 我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略. It"s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。 2. If only 引导的感叹句(要是...该有多好啊;但愿); 2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示; If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊! If only she could understand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真实感受就好了。 If only he would find a satisfactory job after his graduation. 但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。 2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时。例如: If only I had listened to the doctor"s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。 If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到现在就好了。 3. would rather,would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气,表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望 3.1 表示现在或将来的情况:在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如: I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。 I would prefer he didn"t stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。 3.2 表示过去的情况,在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如: I would rather I hadn"t seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。 4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式,其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同,表示与现在事实相反(从句意上判断),用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done),would/could +动词原形。例如: The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。(act与were发生在同一时间平面上) Yesterday the local football fans acted as if they were crazy. (acted与were同时发生) He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。(had happened 先于behaved发生) He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦,就好像他去过那里似的。 She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。 She cries as if her heart would break. (would break 后于cried 发生) 他哭得心都要碎了。 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you. 5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case,lest,for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用,从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)+动词原形"或"should+动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形"。例如: He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。 He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。 第六节 情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldn"t / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You shouldn"t have told her the truth . needn"t have done 本不必做 - - - 比较:didn"t need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了 I didn"t need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本来会去做---- 我没有足够的钱.否则我会买那本书的. I didn"t have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.
2023-07-17 13:38:311

雅思阅读中关联词的妙用

  关联词是指使得词和词之间,句与句之间关系更加紧密的词或词组,也有不少人称之为关系词又或者信号词。不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用 到这类词,以使得句子理解或描述更加流畅,句意更加明晰。在雅思阅读中,关联词在解题,尤其是Summary和List of Headings题中的应用尤为重要。现在我们先来看看关联词的具体分类。总结过去的题目认为,关联词按照用法主要可以分为两大类——支持类关联词和反对 类关联词。    1、关联词之支持类关联词   支持类关联词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变,只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化,对前面的词和句子起到支撑和补充作用。当然,从这个意义上来说,这种词不一定都是连词。   u25ca 举例关联词:for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example, in particular, specifically   u25ca 类比关联词:like, alike, similar, same, as, resemble, in comparison, compare   u25ca 条件关联词:If, Only if, given that, in case of, unless, as long as , supposing that but for   u25ca 选择,并列和递进关联词:or, eitheru2026or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, whatu2019s more, furthermore, moreover, (分号;)   u25ca 因果关联词:   u2022 表示由......引起的,后接原因的词或词组:because, since, as, because of, as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, stem from, owing to, thanks to, in that   u2022 表示导致,后接结果的词或者词组:so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, hence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate, breed, trigger, incur   u25ca 总结关联词:in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief    2、关联词之反对类关联词   反对类关联词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向、句义发生颠覆性的改变,使前后句子意思形成相反关系,这类词包含:   u25ca 否定关联词:not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neitheru2026nor   u25ca 对比关联词:unlike, by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely   u25ca 转折和让步关联词:but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though   (注:虽然in fact, actually这种词并不属于转折、让步类关联词,但是因为用上这两个词或词组后,句义通常会产生很大改变,因此笔者也把它们收录于此类关联)   u25ca 虚拟语气词:if u2026 were, if ... had done, if ... would do   (注:以上各类关联词中所举的例子仅仅只是常见的一部分,并不涵盖全部)   关联词在雅思阅读中的使用   u25ca 运用一 借助关联词巧猜词   原题摘录:In the past, Australians had a higher opinion of doctors than they do today.   原文对应:The high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence.   解析:本句对应已经很明显了,但是在实际教学过程中,竟然有近三分之一的同学不认识erode这个词的意思。此时,原文中因为有u2018as a consequenceu2019这个经典的因果关联词,那么我们完全可以借助它来帮助我们理解此对应句前一句的内容,继而判断erode这个单词的大致意思。先 看前一句:u2018A better educated and less accepting public has become disillusioned with the experts in general, and increasingly skeptical about science and empirically based knowledgeu2019. 当然,不认识erode的同学,基本也不认识前一句中的u2018disillusion, skeptical和empiricallyu2019这几个词。但是,仅仅借助主语less accepting public这个否定式论调,加上disillusion的dis否定词缀,外加句中并列词and, 我们不难知道本句大概是否定专家和科学之类的意思,那么题目对应句中的结果as a consequence, 自然也就不甚良好了。本题判断为YES。   u25ca 运用二 借助关联词秒对应   原题摘录:... However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a 27__________.   解析:因为该题summary有给出范围是最后两段,加之前面的25题和26题很容易定位,那么27题的定位基本在这两题之后,范围顿时缩小。 加之题干中有compare ... to ...这个类比关联词,那么在之后的范围内定位类比关联词,很容易找到u2018... is rather like that of the scientistu2019.   原题摘录:Some plastics behave in a similar way to 1__________ in that they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms.   解析:因为summary题为顺序题,且该题为本篇文章的第一种题型,故首题答案在开头段的概率非常高,利用定位词u2018... melt under heatu2019不难找到在文中第二段对应句“Some are u2019thermoplasticu2019, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can be reshaped.” 利用题中类比词similar, 马上找到文中对应词like, 答案就是candlewax了。   u25ca 运用三 借助关联词巧解题   原题摘录:The writer admits that global warming is a 38________ challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39________ way.   A. unrealistic B. agreed C. expensive D. right E. long-term   F. usual G. surprising H. personal I. urgent   解析:通读题目这句话,借助38题空格前面的u2019au2019这个不定冠词,我们可以排除选项ABCI, 那么38题剩余的选项为5个。借助but这个转折关联词,我们知道后半句所表达的内容与前半句意思反差不小,后半句讲的是“不会对未来产生重大灾难”,重 在强调时间“未来”,那前半句是不是要表达全球变暖会带来长期影响?答案为E。至于39题,因为有个条件表达,通读则答案很明显为D。   原题摘录:Sometimes the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians and 29________. In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the 30_________ nor the 31__________ to express their ideas.   解析:29题中有个particularly表示举特例,我们需要很具体的例子,能跟数学家并列的什么人。那么在原文中找到就不难了,因为在数 学家的附近就有个doctors, 讲的是相似的内容。剩下的两题,按顺序原则,在29题的后面继续寻找,而且有否定词组neither...nor..., 紧接着的下文中出现否定的内容只有两个lack, 用顺序词first and second引导着。   u25ca 运用四 借助关联词锁定大意   原文D段摘录:Newman believes one of the best studies ... . It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly round railway stations.   解析:本段总共只有三句话,所以每句话的大意都建议大家扫读一遍,因为每句话都有可能是主旨句。最后一句话中出现了Instead, 一般来说该词引导的句子都是想要重点突出的内容,而且该引导句肯定与前面的句子意思大相径庭。那么,最后一句既然表达的是建议建立城中村,而且建在火车站 周边,往前推一句,“把每个人都推到市中心去并不是个最佳选择”,那么对应选项i. Avoiding an overcrowded centre。
2023-07-17 13:38:461

虚拟语气的用法讲解

虚拟语气的用法讲解 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don"t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁! (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:! 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don"t be afraid. (口语中常用don"t 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如: (1).You"d better set off now.你现在就出发。 (2).I"d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn"t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn"t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept   B. slept  C. might have slept   D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had  to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例: 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起) 四)、注意: 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如: I wished I hadn"t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有: 表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order 表示“主张”的:maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist 例如: 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishue011speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。) 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如: order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do  6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 但注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. 8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.  判断改错: (错)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.  (对)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对)14. I insisted that you were wrong. 例题分析:15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o"clock at night. A. were not played   B. not be played  C. not to play     D. did not play 全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。 练习: 16). The chairman requested that . [A]the members studied more carefully the problem [B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied [C]with more carefulness the problem could be studied [D]the members study the problem more carefully 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting . [A]would be discussed [B]will be discussed [C]be discussed [D]may be discussed 18). The doctor insisted that his patient . [A]that he not work too hard for three months [B]take it easy for three months [C]taking it easy inside of three months [D]to take some vacations for three months 三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.  我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 练习: 1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,they would be faced by a large army? [A]It is believed [B]Should they believe [C]They would believe [D]If they would believe 2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon. [A]will leave [B]may leave [C]leave [D]leaves 四、would rather , would sooner,had rather, would (just) as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。 (1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today. (2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. (3).Don" t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (4).I would rather you go tomorrow. (5).I would rather everything hadn" t happened in the past. (6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 (7).To be frank,I"d rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。 (8).You don"t have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。 (9).I"d rather you didn"t make any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。 (10).Frankly speaking ,I"d rather you didn"t do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。 (11).Wouldn"t you rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢? (12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 注:①若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today. ②would rather...than...中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out today. 五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气 在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should) 常用的形容词:* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令) 1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步) 2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备) 3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟) 4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规) 5. It"s important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人) 6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do) 7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。 8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。 9.It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。 注:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 10.I don"t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。 二、在It is +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词 有:advice ,decision ,desire ,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity ,preference ,proposal,recommendation , requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。 ⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 第三节:虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有: demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求) advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议) order (命令) necessity (必要地), preference (优先) proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法), recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by  everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。 ⑴、 The advice is that we (should 可省略,下同) leave at once. (名词advice,should + leave) (表示加以劝告) ⑵、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the  conference. (idea, should + get) (表示做出主意) ⑶、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. (proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划) ⑷、 The judge assented to the suggestion that . [A]both of the criminals will soon be set freedom [B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only [C]the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society [D]the prisoner be sentenced to death
2023-07-17 13:38:531

几道英语题目,希望可以解释下原因。顺便翻译一下第五题。

我个人做的答案是B、B、D、B、B前两题都是普通的时态题,had done/been表示过去的过去,指Alice在回来前去了哪里第二题意为我过去认为Jack在意大利,thought和was时态保持一致后三题都涉及虚拟语气It was possible that……句型、wish的虚拟第五题翻译:昨天Jane离开了讨论。否则,她可能已经说了一些让她之后会后悔的话。
2023-07-17 13:39:305

英语中的虚拟语气的用法

耐心地把这看完,你会对虚拟语气有个透彻的了解。 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don"t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁! (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us.四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:! 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don"t be afraid. (口语中常用don"t 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如: (1).You"d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I"d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn"t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn"t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例: 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起) 四)、注意: 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如: I wished I hadn"t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
2023-07-17 13:40:031

紧急呼叫的英语口语怎么说我在美剧里看到飞机失事前

口语里一般都说May day!
2023-07-17 13:40:102

虚拟语气是什么及用法

这可不是一两句话能够解释清楚的问题。简单地说,虚拟语气就是假设一个条件,表示在这个假设的条件下会出现什么样的结果。比如说:我要是你的话就不会去。其中“我不是你,假设我是你”。这里英语的动词形式有多种变化。你最好看看语法书的有关章节。
2023-07-17 13:40:202

初中英语完形填空解题技巧(简明,清楚的告诉我)

百度文库
2023-07-17 13:40:338

英语中need的否定用法

第一二人称:don"t need 第三人称:doesn"t need
2023-07-17 13:41:035

英语四级重点语法知识:虚拟语气

英语四级重点语法知识:虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。在虚拟语气中,除了记住一套与时态相对应的规范用法之外,以下几点也是不容忽视的:l、名词性从句中要用过去时或should+动词原型构成虚拟语气。如:Itistimewewenthome.2、wouldrather,hadrather后的从句动词用相当于陈述语气的过去时来表示现在或将来发生的动作。如:Iwouldratheryouwentwithher.我宁愿你跟她走。只有当wouldrather后面动作的主体与前面主语一致时才可以用不带to的动词不定式,如:Iu2019drathertaketheimportantletterwithme.在这个句子中,rather后面的主语为I,和前面的主语一致,所以用的不是过去式,而是不带to的动词不定式。3、在itisimportant/suggested/necessary/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气表示应该做什么事情,即用动词原形或should+动词原型,如:Itisimportantthatyou(should)behereontime.再如:Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou_______hereontime.A.be B.shallbeC.aretobe D.mustbe这个知识点是上文中的第三点,显然答案是A,其中的should被省略了。类似的可以引起主语从句为虚拟语气的形容词或过去分词还有appropriate,advisable,better,imperative,insistent,natural,preferable,strange,urgent,vital,desirable,demanded,recommended,required等。4、词组butfor相当于wereitnotfor或haditnotbeenfor,表示一种含否定意义的条件,后面一般加名词或名词短语,如:Hemighthavebeenkilledbutforthearrivalofthepolice.要不是警察来了他本可能被杀死。5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虚拟语气,如:May you be happy all your life!以上就是关于英语四级语法知识的分享,希望对想要考四级的小伙伴们有做帮助,想要了解更多相关内容,欢迎及时关注本平台!
2023-07-17 13:41:311

请问英语虚拟语气的用法

分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习 问题描述: 特急啊!大家帮帮忙啊,先谢了! 解析: 虚拟语气 1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的形容词有: appropriate适当的advisable适当的,合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential精华的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable优越的,较好的strange奇怪的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的 过去分词有: desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, remended, required等。 例如: It is essential that you (should) win the voters"hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。 It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。 2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。 常这样用的名词有: resolution决心,决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告remendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如: He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。 His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。 3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气,用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有: ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定mand命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令remend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令例如: He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。 They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。 2)在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气,其形式为:(should)+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如: We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。 3)wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。 其主要形式有三种: 表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish +主语+ would +动词原形。 例如: I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道要发生什么事。 She wished she had stayed at home.她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。 I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很有钱。 注意:在表示对过去情况的虚拟时,有时也可以用下列形式: wish +主语+ would(could)+ have +过去分词I wish I could have seen her last night.要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。 4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1)if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。 在if非真实虚拟条件句中,主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式: 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时(be用were)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should(would,could, might)+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时(should+动词原形,were to +动词原形)Should(would,could,might)+动词原形 If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.假如没有引力,我们就不可能行走。 I wouldn"t have known what these were for if I hadn"t been told.假如别人不告诉我,我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。 2)正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将were,had, should等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面。如果句中没有were,had或should时,既不能省略if,也不能倒装。例如: Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。 3)通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如: If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你,我就采纳了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去) If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些,庄稼会长得更好。(从句指过去,主句指现在) 5.含蓄虚拟条件句1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如: Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功的。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。 He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have e over to help us.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。 He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。 2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be形式和should/ would have been虚拟形式。例如: Any men in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。 You should (ought to) have e earlier.你本应来得早点。 6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1)在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中,也可以用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为: ①“would rather (would sooner…) +主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。 ②“would rather (would sooner) +主语+动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如:I"d rather he didn"t go now.要是他现在不走就好了I"d just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。 2)在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“(should)+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。例如: It is time that the boy (should) go to school.这个小孩该上学了。 It is high time (that) the weather improved.天气真该好起来了。 3)在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。 形式为:①用过去时或“would/ could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。 ②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如: If only you would listen to our advice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。 If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊! If only she could marry me.但愿她能嫁给我。 注:if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如: If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱,我就可以买辆车了。 4)连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“…lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+ should +动词原形”。Lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去,in case句中的should通常不省去,但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如: He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会做声的,以免打扰你。 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心,以免发生溢流现象。
2023-07-17 13:41:441

It is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital这句话对不对

不对,都要加the
2023-07-17 13:41:523

“加急的” 英文怎么翻译

Express mail, Express application
2023-07-17 13:42:035

高中虚拟语气的用法(详细)

http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=VKf9nJb9hdxXD1uL4sPar_I0ghWPJNeVgjEhDX3GyyubBf8ofl3U0SL9RC80E-JyX9i1wEY5F-dUrXM_zrxRk_这个好全的
2023-07-17 13:42:294

虚拟语气在句子中的用法解析

  虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气在各种结构中的运用是历年三级统考必考的内容,考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。    一、虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用:   虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的,if从句用过去式,主句用would (或could ,should ,might)加原形动词。与过去事实相反的,if从句用过去完成时,主句用would(或could ,should ,might)+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的,if 从句用should (或were to )加动词原形,主句用would加动词原形。   1、If a better material _____, the strength of the part 高中语文 would have been increased.   A. had been used   B. had been using   C. being used   D. using   (根据前面的讲解,正确答案为A。) (XXXX年58题)   2、Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.   A. had gone   B. could have gone   C. would go   D. went   (答案:B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时,if可以省略,主谓倒装。)(20XX年57题)   二、某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用,这些动词或名词包括:   suggest (suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice)demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在这些从句中,谓语形式为should加动词原形,should可以省略。   例:The general"s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.   A. would leave   B. leave   C. left   D. have left   (答案:B) (20XX年49题)   三、在It is desired (或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中,动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有:   “It is suggested”, “It is requested”,“It was ordered”, “It is necessary”, “It is essential”, “It is vital”, “It is urgent”,“ It is impossible”, “It is preferable”, “It is advisable”, “It was proposed”等。   例:It"s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.   A. comes   B. will com   C. come   D. may come   (答案:C)(20XX年29题)   四、would rather, as if/though 以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的.运用。   1、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.   A. come   B. would come   C. came   D. have come   (答案:C。would rather 后面的从句中,动词用过去式。)(20XX年46题)   2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.   A. knows   B. knew   C. had known   D. would have know   (正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中,表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑,动词用过去式;如果表示的是中的过去的动作,用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。)(20XX年45题)   3、You look as if you had seen a ghost.   (此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的动作,所以用过去完成时。)   4、I wish I knew his address.   (在wish后边的从句中,如果指现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。)   5、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college。   A. could study   B. studied   C. had studied   D. would study   (答案为C。表示过去没有实现的愿望,动词用过去完成时。)(2000年32题)    五、在It is (high) time后边的that从句中,动词用过去式,表示该做某事了。   例:Don"t you think it is time you _____ smoking?   A. give up   B. gave up   C. would give up   D. should give up   (答案为B。)(20XX年31题)
2023-07-17 13:42:511

关于need词组 意思,用法,考点,例句。

首先in need ofin great need of中“need”是名词,need forgreat need for中“need”是动词其次,那个“great”只起到增强语气的作用,不影响短语结构这个类似“search”,短语结构一样以上是我的个人愚见,希望对你有用祝你学习进步
2023-07-17 13:43:012

if在虚拟语气中三种用法的公式是什么?

三种情况,(1)对过去,从句had done主句would/could/might/have done(2)对现在,从句:did /were主句:would/could/might do(3)对将来,should do/were to do/did.从句,更上一个一样。注意,“主将从现”原则。
2023-07-17 13:43:112

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法   (一)形式   注:   1.在从句中,be动词多用were的形式。在口语中,如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话,be动词可用was,但人们总是说:If I were you...   2.主句中的谓语可以由would,should,could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。   3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语有三种不同的形式:过去式、were +to do或should +do。   例句1:If I were you,I would study hard.我要是你的话,我就会好好学习。(与现在事实相反)   例句2:If I had studied hard,I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话,那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。(与过去事实相反)   例句3:If Iwere to pass CET-6,I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试,就请你去吃肯德基。(与将来事实相反)   (二)省略/倒装   如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have,则可把if省略,把上类动词提到主语之前,使用倒装语序。   例句4:Had it not been for the PLA,we wouldn"t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军,我们是无法战胜洪水的。   例句5:Were he here now,he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。   注4:例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not,如果把该句还原成正常语序,应该是:   If it hadn"t been for the PLA,we wouldn"t have been able to beat the flood.   但是一旦句子发生了省略,就必须把hadn"t分开,否定词not还原,放在主语之后,不可写成Hadn"t it been for的形式。   注5:在虚拟条件从句中,动词be在正常语序中常用were,在口语中,当主语是第一、第三人称单数时,可用was,但在if的倒装句中,必须用were。   (三)错综时间条件句   有时,从句和主句中所表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的,这时就要根据其所表示的时间来进行调整。   例句6:If I were you,I would have gone to see the doctor.我要是你,我早就去看病了。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反)   例句7:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要早去看病,你现在就没事了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)   (四)含蓄条件句   虚拟的条件有时可以不用条件从句来表示,而是通过某些介词短语来表达。   例句8:But for the English test,I would have gone home this week.6要不是英语测试,我这个礼拜就回家了。   注6:除了but for(要不是)以外,能够表示虚拟条件的词和短语还包括:but that(要不是)、without(没有)、otherwise(否则)、or(不然)、under...circumstances(在……的情况下)、in the past(在过去)等等。   二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法   (一)宾语从句   1.wish后的宾语从句   例句9:I wish I were as young as you.7我希望自己像你一样年轻。   注7:wish从句后使用虚拟语气时,动词的形式根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式:过去时(与现在相反)、过去完成时(与过去事实相反)或过去将来时(与将来事实相反)。   2.would rather和would sooner后的宾语从句   两个词组都表示宁愿、宁可的意思,后面如用宾语从句,动词采用过去时(与现在或将来事实相反)或过去完成时(与过去事实相反)。   例句10:I"d rather I hadn"t met you.8我宁愿从来就没遇见过你。   注8:would rather和would sooner两词组除了要掌握它们后面宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法以外,还要知道这两个词组后面都可以直接加动词原形,这也是四、六级考试中的一大考点,如:美国歌曲《山鹰》中的第一句歌词就是:I"d rather be asparrow than a snail.其中,就使用了句式would rather do than do(宁愿做……而不做……)。   3.suggest等动词后的宾语从句   表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do、should可以省略的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括:   (1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(下令)、suggest(建议)等。   (2)四、六级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。   (3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、deserve(值得提   起)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge(极力主张)、 vote(提议)等。   例句11:I recommend that you all be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们要考及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。   (二)主语从句   在It is +形容词/某些动词的过去分词+主语从句的结构中,从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或 should +do的形式。这些形容词包括:   (1)高中词汇:decided(决定的)、important(重要的)、ordered(命令的)等。   (2)四、六级常考词汇:advisable(合理的)、demanded(要求的)、desired(期望的)、desirable(合乎需要的)、essential(紧要的)、insistent(坚持的)、natural(自然的)、preferable(更可取的)、proposed(建议的)、 recommended(推荐的)、required(要求的)、urgent(紧迫的)、vital(极其重要的)等。   (3)其他词汇:appropriate(适当的)、arranged(安排好的)、better(较好的)、imperative(迫切的)、possible(可能的)、probable(可能的)、resolved(决心的)、 strange(奇怪的)、suggested(建议的)等。   例句12:It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city.这座城市急需任命一位新市长 (三)表语从句和同位语从句   有些名词引起的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词须用动词原形或should +do的形式。这些名词包括:advice(忠告)、decision(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、idea(想法)、motion(提议)、necessity(必要性)、order(命令)、plan(计划)、preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(推荐)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。   例句13:His proposal is that we turn off TVfor half an hour every day.他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。   特别提示:从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论,即当一个动词后面的宾语从句中要使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例:   (1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)   (2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)   (3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词转换的形容词+that引导的主语从句)   (4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句)   (5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的同位语从句)   (6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)   以上六类从句中所使用的都为(should)+do的虚拟语气形式。   (四)状语从句   1.as if/as though引导的状语从句   as if/as though(仿佛、好像)引起方式状语从句,从句中的虚拟语气形式与wish后的宾语从句相同:   a.一般过去时(表示与现在事实相反)   b.过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反)   c.would +do(表示与将来事实相反)   例句14:You look as if you had seen a ghost.你看起来好像撞见鬼了。   2.lest/in case /for fear that引导的状语从句   lest(以防、以免)、in case(万一、以防)、for fear that(因恐、免得)引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要使用(should)+do的形式。   例句15:The old woman walked slowly lest she(should)slip.老太太走得很慢,以免滑倒。   3.whoever等引导的状语从句   由连接代词whoever(无论谁)、whatever(无论什么)、whichever(无论哪个)等和连接副词however(无论如何)、whenever(无论何时)、wherever(无论哪里)等及 no matter+how/what/when /where /who(无论怎样/什么/何时/哪里/谁)构成的词组引导的让步状语从句,若表示说话人对现在或将来的推测,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,形式为动词原形或may /might+do。   例句16:Whichever be the case,my situation remained the same.无论是哪种情况,我的处境都一样。   (五)定语从句   It is time(是……时候了),Itis about time(差不多是……时候了),It is high time that(该……了)句式中,that引导的定语从句中用过去时表示虚拟。   例句17:It is time that we protected our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境了。   三、虚拟语气在表示祝愿的句子中的应用   在if only或if...only(但愿、要是……就好了)引起的表示遗憾的感叹句中,谓语动词使用虚拟语气,形式为过去时。   例句18:If only I could see Jordan.我要是能见到乔丹就好了。
2023-07-17 13:43:181

这两个字逼和迫的用法

逼〈形〉狭窄 [narrow]人稠网密,地逼势胁。——曹植《七启》又如:逼窄(很狭窄。同逼侧);逼侧(相迫近。即狭窄。也作逼仄);逼邻(近邻。紧邻)危急,紧急 [urgent]粮食乏绝,进退逼急。——《后汉书·董卓传》又如:逼切(迫切,急切);逼急(急迫)〈副〉很,程度深 [very]山石似马,望之逼真。——《水经注·沔水》又如:逼冷(极冷);逼似(很相似);副真中文解释:强迫,威胁:~迫。~促。~命。~使。~问。~租。~债。切近:~近。~真。~视。~肖(xiào )(很相似)。狭窄:~仄。~侧。~狭迫 [pò]〈动〉(形声。从辵( chuò),白声。本义:逼近)同本义 [approach]迫,近也。——《说文》迫,逼也,近也。——《广韵》望崦嵫而勿迫。——《离骚》。注:“附也。”而侮所迫之国者,可亡也。——《韩非子·亡征》涉旬月,迫季冬。——司马迁《报任安书》时北兵已迫修门外。——宋· 文天祥《指南录后序》又如:迫措(犹逼近)硬逼,逼迫 [compel;force;press]贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死。—— 宋· 文天祥《指南录后序》里胥迫我纳。——白居易《重赋》又如:胁迫(威胁强迫);强迫(施加压力使服从);迫劫(逼迫);迫蹙(逼迫强制);迫阨(逼迫;胁迫);迫弄(逼迫并戏耍);迫拶(逼迫);迫索(强迫索取);迫胁(逼迫、威胁);迫勒(强迫)催促 [urge]迫生而下。——《吕氏春秋·贵生》迫孔悝于厕,强盟之。——《左传·哀公十五年》能事不受相促迫。——唐· 杜甫《戏题画山水图歌》又如:迫催(催逼,催促)〈形〉紧迫;急迫 [pressing;urgent]迫而动。——《淮南子·精神》。注:“切也。”此迫矣!臣请入,与之同命。——《史记·项羽本纪》又如:迫促(匆忙);迫急(迫切);迫划(紧急筹划);迫遽(急促);迫守(急切收捕);迫究(紧逼追问);迫亟(急促;急迫);迫速(急迫);迫猝(急迫;仓促)狭窄 [narrow]西州地势局迫。——《后汉书·窦融列传》又如:迫隘(狭窄;险阻);迫小(狭小);迫隘(狭窄,险阻);迫束(束缚,不得伸展);迫迮(狭窄);迫胁(迫窄;狭陋);迫唶(狭窄)困厄;窘迫 [in straitened circumstances;poverty-stricken]。如:迫厄(犹困厄);迫迮(困厄);迫怵(窘迫恐惧);迫胁(局促;困厄);迫戚(困厄的样子);迫猝(窘迫,困顿)
2023-07-17 13:43:391

这两个字逼和迫的用法

逼〈形〉狭窄 [narrow]人稠网密,地逼势胁.——曹植《七启》又如:逼窄(很狭窄.同逼侧);逼侧(相迫近.即狭窄.也作逼仄);逼邻(近邻.紧邻)危急,紧急 [urgent]粮食乏绝,进退逼急.——《后汉书·董卓传》又如:逼切(迫切,急...
2023-07-17 13:43:481

Eng pls urgent !

Cause use -ing form is it replace "which". It me that if -ing form is not used the sentence will be "The sun then heats the rocks which cause faster melting." 呢个系defining causes 嘅用法 function: 补充资料 补充咗 sun cause faster melting of the rocks how to use? 比个例子你 Mary"s brother spilled his drink on her homework making her feel very annoyed with her. 参考: myself:)
2023-07-17 13:44:311

would you mind 后加从句为什么要用虚拟语气?有什么理论依据?有没有相似的别的别的用法?

would you mind是说你介意我怎样怎样做吗??加虚拟语气是为了表示礼貌表示礼貌之类的句子都可以用虚拟语气
2023-07-17 13:44:423

名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用

虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外,还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从句中。   语法要览——主语从句中的使用   当it作形式主语,后面用形容词作表语,即在it is + adj.这样的句型中,当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable,critical,crucial,desirable,essential, imperative,important,incredible,inevitable,necessary,recommend,strange, urgent等形容词时,主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,如果是现在时,谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时,则用should/would + have done的形式。   example 121.(2000年Text 1)   真题回放:It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.   破解真题:这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。句首的It是形式主语,真正主语是that从句,该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。   参考译文:随着其他国家日益富裕,美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免,从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。   example 121.(05年Text 2)   真题回放:“Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”   破解真题:我们重点看一下……and it is critical that……of present actions这一部分内容,这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。It是形式主语,真正主语是that our nation……of present actions这个从句;该主语从句中,谓语动词base是虚拟式,前边省略了should表示与现在事实相反。   参考译文:科学从不提供现成的答案。可是,科学确实给我们提供了通往未来的向导,我们的国家和世界在制订重要政策时,考虑到现行措施对将来产生的后果,以科学为依据。   语法要览——宾语从句中的使用   表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词(如:suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、 desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest……),引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定:谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响(这一点有别于陈述语气的宾语从句)。   example 123.(2004年Close test)   真题回放:Theories concerning on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.   破解真题:此句是个含有一个宾语从句、两个原因状语从句的复合句。suggest是主句谓语,Suggest后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词engage in前面省略了should.   参考译文:关于个体研究的理论认为,孩子们从事犯罪活动是因为以前他们做错事情时对他们的惩罚力度不够,或是因为他们通过与其他人的交往学会了犯罪。   语法要览——同位语从句中的使用   名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、 proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion……后面若有同位语从句,从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式。此规则同样适用于表语从句。   example 124.(2005年Text 1)   真题回放:Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.   破解真题:这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。   参考译文:这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”,其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。   语法要览——表语从句中的使用   与同位语从句一样,若主语是某些特定动词的同根名词(参考上一部分同位语从句),要在它后面的表语从句要用虚拟式。   以上部分是虚拟语气的主要用法,虚拟语气还有一些其它用法,如在口语中表示客气和委婉、请求或邀请、建议或劝告、祝福等,还有在if only因起的惊叹句中也常用虚拟语气。这些用法相对较为简单,在近年的考验试题中罕有涉及,故此处不再赘述。   example 125.   (英语专业四级考试01年Text D)   真题回放:Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools,though this choice is,of course,only available to the small number of those who can pay.   破解真题:这是个含有表语从句的复合句。主语是another decision;谓语是is;whether……or……是表语从句,其中谓语动词由should+动词原形be构成。   参考译文:另一个要做出的决定是:应该选择一所占绝大多数的国立学校呢,还是选择一所数量虽小却有影响力的私立学校呢,当然,只有少数有支付能力的人才有这种选择的权利。
2023-07-17 13:44:591

it was urgent that he ____ her immediately

It is urgent that sb (should) do sth.should可以省略此用法同 it is high time/important/necessary/natural...that sb should do...
2023-07-17 13:45:091

虚拟语气的用法以及分类是什么

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2023-07-17 13:45:202

need用法总结有哪些?

有奖励need的用法我来答有奖励A罗网天下LV.9 2019-08-08聊聊一、need作情态动词的用法:(1)need用作情态动词时表“必须、必要”,后直接跟动词原型,need+do,否定needn"t +do(2)need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词).(3)注意:need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.(4)must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn"t.肯定回答用must.二、need作实义动词的用法:1、need + something(名词) 需要某物2、need to do something 需要做某事3、need doing = need to be done 需要……4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事扩展资料in need 在危难中;在穷困中的need for 对……的需要;需要……in need of 需要…时no need 不需要;不必了need to do 需要做…urgent need 迫切需要need help 需要帮助actual need 实际需要造句1、You need to touch up the poem.你需要给这首诗润色一下。2、That is what I need.这正是我需要的。3、You should never deny assistance to those who need it.你不应当拒绝帮助那些需要你帮助的人。4、I need not expatiate on the question any further.我不需要进一步阐述这个问题。5、He stammered out his need.他结结巴巴地说出了他的需要
2023-07-17 13:45:361

虚拟语气是什么及用法

这可不是一两句话能够解释清楚的问题。简单地说,虚拟语气就是假设一个条件,表示在这个假设的条件下会出现什么样的结果。比如说:我要是你的话就不会去。其中“我不是你,假设我是你”。这里英语的动词形式有多种变化。你最好看看语法书的有关章节。
2023-07-17 13:45:462

虚拟语气的各种用法

、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反. 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种.真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生: If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间,我就同他们去.(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你,我就同他们去.(虚拟语气) ▲ 与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If I knew her number ,I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了.(可惜我不知道) ▲与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”: If I"d left sooner,I"d have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了.(但我动身太迟了) ▲与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”: If I asked him,I"m sure he"d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们.(不过我不打算这样做) 注:几点特别说明 ① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后.would, might, could的大致区别是:would表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允许或可能性.比较: If you tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就会成功的.(would表结果) If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的.(might表可能) If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再试一试,你就能成功了.(could表能力) ④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用直陈语气或祈使语气: If it should rain tomorrow, don"t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就不要等我了.(祈使语气) If I should see him, I"ll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他.(直陈语气) 2、错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整: If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的. You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了. 3、两个常考虚拟语气句型 ▲ 句型介绍 这两个句型是If it weren"t for…和If it hadn"t been for…,这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,也经常受到命题人的青睐,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”.如: If it weren"t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长. If it hadn"t been for your assistance ,we wouldn"t have succeeded. =But for your assistance ,we wouldn"t have succeeded. =Without your assistance ,we wouldn"t have succeeded. 5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气.若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形.如: 注:特别注意 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较: I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了. I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了. I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱. I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱. 6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气 if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同: If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了. If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了. If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注:if only 通常独立使用,没有主句. 7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 基本用法 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形: He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的. They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人. He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国. 注:两点说明 (1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气: It looks as if we"ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了. (2) 注意 It isn"t as if…的翻译: It isn"t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷). 8、It"s time后的从句用虚拟语气 ▲ 基本用法 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”: It"s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了. It"s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了.(不用were) 9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气, 表示”宁愿做什么” ,具体用法为: ▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 I"d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去. ▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望 I"d rather you hadn"t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过. 10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型 ▲ I wish后的宾语从句 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气.若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形.如: I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处. We wish he didn"t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟. I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来. ▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句 主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下. 注:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气.比较: He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信. He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信. ▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句 主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去. ▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句 主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身. 注:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”.比较并体会: He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭. I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣. ▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句 主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开. He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场. ▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句 主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案. ▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去. ▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外. ▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事. ▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略.如: The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏. 11、主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is necessary,important,strange,natural, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ;it is a pity;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如: ▲ It"s important…类 这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型.如: It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去. ▲ It"s a pity…类 It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜. ▲ It"s desired…类 这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型.如: It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决. 12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ,suggestion, idea,plan,order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如: Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go. 我们的建议是你应该第一个去. 13、 在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should+动词原形, should 可以省略. She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友. 为方便记忆,表格对比 使用虚拟语气的主要句型 谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句 表现在的虚拟条件句 从句:用动词过去(be 多用were ) 1. If I were you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly go if I had time. 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 表过去的虚拟条件句 从句:had + PP 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 主句:would/should/could/might +have + PP 表将来的虚拟条件句 从句:①用动词过去②should +V原③(were +to do ) 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 主句:would/should/could/might +have + PP 省略 if 的条件句 从句:用倒装形式,即把were,had等置于句首.(并只限were/ had) 主句:根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式. 1. Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.) 2. Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren"t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming. 错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示时间不一致) 根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整. 1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now 2. If we hadn"t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly. 含蓄条件句(虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中,从句不表现出来)(常见有but for“要不是” without等) 根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式 1.Without air, there would be no living things. 2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”,“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句:与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同. 具体:1,表与现在不能实现的愿望,从句用“过去时,be 用were” 2.表与过去不能实现的愿望,从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“ 3. .表与将来不能实现的愿望,从句用“could/would +动词原形” 1.I wish I were a bird. 2. I wish I had known the answer.. would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句:动词常用过去式 1. I would rather they came tomorrow demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句 (suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调,力言等”不用虚拟语气.) 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省. 1. I suggest you (should)go at once. 2. He suggested that he patient"s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译) “It is (was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词(或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词)”后的主语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省. 1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m. 2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省. His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours. 特殊形式的虚拟语气 as if 引导的从句(表示非真实时)但表真实时,不用虚拟语气. 与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同. 1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl. 2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing. so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May/might/should +V原 I live so that others may live better. It is (the very/high)time that后的定语从句 从句谓语动词常用过去式,有时也可用should+动词原形 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed. It is time that I were leaving. 省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句 与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同. If only I hadn"t lost the chance! (= I wish I hadn"t lost the chance) 某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace! May you be happy1 表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动词原形 Could I borrow your bike? Would you please give me a hand? 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现.英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种: 一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.动词过去式(或were) 2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could might If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 二.与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1. should+动词原形 2. 动词过去式 3、were to+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could r/>might If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 三、与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If had+过去分词 Should Would + have+过去分词 could might If I"d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 省掉if的条件从句结构: Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如: A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn"t helped me,…) 3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如: If he had followed the doctor"s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 五、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形 devide, ask, move, propose等 注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可. He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气. He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气. He insists that he is right. 2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: imperative, advisable, 动词完成式 It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) + essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor"s orders. It is right that you should have done your homework. 3、wish的用法 动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反 I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..) I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I wish they"d let us get some sleep. 注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气.wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气.试比较: (1) We hope they will come,(We don"t know if they can come.) (2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.) 4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如: He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn"t tell him. 5、It"s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如: It"s time (that) you had a hair cut. It"s high time (that) we took some action.
2023-07-17 13:45:551

法语虚拟式的用法

esperer 后面接不同人称的从句不用虚拟 这是 乌龟的屁股!contente 表示感情后边接不同人称要用虚拟,这些词是需要记忆的,买本语法书看看就好了!
2023-07-17 13:46:333

四字成语是什么刻

1. 是什么刻什么字四字成语 1) 磨砥刻厉:磨练砥砺。形容刻苦钻研。 2) 一时半刻:指很短的时间。 3) 刻骨相思:形容思念之深,历久难移。 4) 一时三刻:指很短的时间。 5) 染神刻骨:犹铭心刻骨。指感受深切。 6) 无时无刻:时时刻刻。表示毫不间断。 7) 引商刻羽:商、羽:古代乐律中的两个音名。指讲究声律、有很高成就的音乐演奏。 8) 刻不容缓:指形势紧迫,一刻也不允许拖延。 9) 刻舟求剑:比喻不懂事物已发展变化而仍静止地看问题。 10) 一刻千金:一刻时光,价值千金。形容时间非常宝贵。 11) 刻骨铭心:铭刻在心灵深处。形容记忆深刻,永远不忘。 12) 画虎刻鹄:①比喻好高鹜远,终无成就。②比喻好事做不成,反变了坏事。 13) 刻鹄类鹜:刻:刻画;鹄:天鹅;类:似,象;鹜:鸭子。画天鹅不成,仍有些象鸭子。比喻模仿的虽然不逼真,但还相似。 14) 雕虫篆刻:比喻词章小技。 15) 雕文刻镂:指在器物上刻镂花纹图案,以为文饰。 16) 雕虫刻篆:比喻词章小技。同“雕虫篆刻”。 17) 雕心刻肾:比喻写作的刻意锤炼。同“雕肝琢肾”。 18) 丰取刻与:丰:多;刻:刻薄;与:给予。取之于民的多,用之于民的少。多形容残酷地剥削。 19) 春宵一刻:欢娱难忘的美好时刻。 20) 刺心刻骨:①犹刻骨铭心。指感念至深。②亦作“刺心切骨”。内心极其悲愤。 21) 丹楹刻桷:楹:房屋的柱子;桷:方形的椽子。柱子漆成红色,椽子雕着花纹。形容建筑精巧华丽。 22) 刁钻刻薄:刁钻:狡猾奸诈。形容人狡猾奸诈,待人苛刻薄情。 23) 刊心刻骨:指印象深刻,令人难忘。 24) 刻薄寡思:寡:少。待人说话冷酷无情,不厚道。 25) 刻不待时:谓时间紧迫。 包含刻字成语解释 1) 刻不容松:片刻也不能松懈。 2) 刻翠裁红:比喻极力修饰词藻。 3) 千金一刻:形容时间非常宝贵。 4) 立时三刻:立刻、马上。 5) 刻骨仇恨:永记心头的深仇大恨。 6) 刻骨镂心:铭刻在心灵深处。形容记忆深刻,永远不忘。 7) 刻画入微:微:细小。精心细致地描摹,连极小之处也不大意。形容认真细致,一丝不苟。 8) 刻画无盐:无盐:传说中的古代丑女。精细地描摹丑女无盐。比喻以丑比美,引喻比拟得不恰当。 9) 刻肌刻骨:形容感受极深刻。 10) 刻苦耐劳:刻苦:很能吃苦;耐:禁得起、受得住。工作勤奋,经得住繁重的劳累。 11) 刻木为吏:意思是不能受狱吏的污辱,即使是木头做的狱吏也不能见他。形容狱吏的凶暴可畏。 12) 刻意经营:刻意:用尽心思;经营:计划管理。指用心筹画。 13) 画龙刻鹄:比喻好高鹜远,终无成就。同“画虎刻鹄”。 14) 鬼刻神劖:犹言鬼斧神工。形容艺术技巧高超,不是人力所能达到的。 15) 画地刻木:比喻进监狱,受审讯。 16) 尖酸刻薄:说话带刺,待人冷酷。 17) 精雕细刻:精心细致地雕刻。形容创作艺术品时的苦心刻画。也比喻认真细致地加工。 18) 刻足适屦:屦:麻制的单底鞋。按照鞋的大小来削自己的脚。比喻主次颠倒。 19) 刻骨崩心:指仇恨极深。 20) 刻鹄成鹜:比喻模仿的虽然不逼真,但还相似。同“刻鹄类鹜”。 21) 刻木为鹄:比喻仿效虽不逼真,但还相似。 22) 刻雾裁风:比喻擅长山水风光描写。 23) 刻意求工:工:精致、完好。用尽心思使文章或工艺品更精巧。 24) 刻章琢句:修饰琢磨文章的细节。 25) 镂心刻骨:形容感念深切,难以忘怀。 2. 最后一个字是刻的四字成语 无时无刻 wú shí wú kè 精雕细刻 jīng diāo xì kè 春宵一刻 chūn xiāo yī kè 一时三刻 yī shí sān kè 几尽一刻 ji jing yi ke 一时半刻 yī shí bàn kè 立时三刻 lì shí sān kè 千金一刻 qiān jīn yī kè 雕虫篆刻 diāo chóng zhuàn kè 雕虫篆刻 diāo chóng zhuàn kè 3. 能代表急诊科的四字成语 能代表急诊科的四字成语——刻不容缓、十万火急.刻不容缓kè bù róng huǎn【解释】刻:指短暂的时间;缓:延迟.指形势紧迫,一刻也不允许拖延.【出处】宋·周密《齐东野语》:“帝王即位,即是好日,兼官历又吉,何疑?事不容缓.”【结构】主谓式.【用法】多用来形容事情非常紧迫;急需去做.一般作谓语、定语、状语.【正音】刻;不能读作“kē”.【辨形】刻;不能写作“克”;缓;不能写作“援”或“暖”.【近义词】迫不及待、火烧眉毛【反义词】绰绰有余、悠闲自得【辨析】~和“迫在眉睫”;都形容形势非常紧迫.不同在于:重在不能拖延;也指主观上迫不及待的事情;“迫在眉睫”重在已到眼前;常形容客观上紧急的事.【例句】汛期已到;防洪的准备工作是~的.【英译】urgent。
2023-07-17 13:46:511

need的用法有哪些?

一、need作情态动词的用法:(1)need用作情态动词时表“必须、必要”,后直接跟动词原型,need+do,否定needn"t +do(2)need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词).(3)注意:need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.(4)must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn"t.肯定回答用must.二、need作实义动词的用法:1、need + something(名词) 需要某物2、need to do something 需要做某事3、need doing = need to be done 需要……4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事扩展资料in need 在危难中;在穷困中的need for 对……的需要;需要……in need of 需要…时no need 不需要;不必了need to do 需要做…urgent need 迫切需要need help 需要帮助actual need 实际需要造句1、You need to touch up the poem.你需要给这首诗润色一下。2、That is what I need.这正是我需要的。3、You should never deny assistance to those who need it.你不应当拒绝帮助那些需要你帮助的人。4、I need not expatiate on the question any further.我不需要进一步阐述这个问题。5、He stammered out his need.他结结巴巴地说出了他的需要。
2023-07-17 13:47:031

need用法有哪些?

有奖励need的用法我来答有奖励A罗网天下LV.9 2019-08-08聊聊一、need作情态动词的用法:(1)need用作情态动词时表“必须、必要”,后直接跟动词原型,need+do,否定needn"t +do(2)need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词).(3)注意:need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.(4)must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn"t.肯定回答用must.二、need作实义动词的用法:1、need + something(名词) 需要某物2、need to do something 需要做某事3、need doing = need to be done 需要……4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事扩展资料in need 在危难中;在穷困中的need for 对……的需要;需要……in need of 需要…时no need 不需要;不必了need to do 需要做…urgent need 迫切需要need help 需要帮助actual need 实际需要造句1、You need to touch up the poem.你需要给这首诗润色一下。2、That is what I need.这正是我需要的。3、You should never deny assistance to those who need it.你不应当拒绝帮助那些需要你帮助的人。4、I need not expatiate on the question any further.我不需要进一步阐述这个问题。5、He stammered out his need.他结结巴巴地说出了他的需要
2023-07-17 13:47:101

need用法是什么?

一、need作情态动词的用法:(1)need用作情态动词时表“必须、必要”,后直接跟动词原型,need+do,否定needn"t +do(2)need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词).(3)注意:need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.(4)must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn"t.肯定回答用must.二、need作实义动词的用法:1、need + something(名词) 需要某物2、need to do something 需要做某事3、need doing = need to be done 需要……4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事扩展资料in need 在危难中;在穷困中的need for 对……的需要;需要……in need of 需要…时no need 不需要;不必了need to do 需要做…urgent need 迫切需要need help 需要帮助actual need 实际需要造句1、You need to touch up the poem.你需要给这首诗润色一下。2、That is what I need.这正是我需要的。3、You should never deny assistance to those who need it.你不应当拒绝帮助那些需要你帮助的人。4、I need not expatiate on the question any further.我不需要进一步阐述这个问题。5、He stammered out his need.他结结巴巴地说出了他的需要。
2023-07-17 13:47:171

urgent orders can be met quickly from stock

紧急的需求(订单)可以迅速地被库存满足(偿付)关于stock,主要的两种意思是股票和库存
2023-07-17 13:47:264

急!!请问句子中should的用法!谢谢!

should + do 应该做某事should has/have done 表示谴责这是常用的
2023-07-17 13:47:363

need的实义动词用法是什么呢?

一、need作情态动词的用法:(1)need用作情态动词时表“必须、必要”,后直接跟动词原型,need+do,否定needn"t +do(2)need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词).(3)注意:need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.(4)must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn"t.肯定回答用must.二、need作实义动词的用法:1、need + something(名词) 需要某物2、need to do something 需要做某事3、need doing = need to be done 需要……4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事扩展资料in need 在危难中;在穷困中的need for 对……的需要;需要……in need of 需要…时no need 不需要;不必了need to do 需要做…urgent need 迫切需要need help 需要帮助actual need 实际需要造句1、You need to touch up the poem.你需要给这首诗润色一下。2、That is what I need.这正是我需要的。3、You should never deny assistance to those who need it.你不应当拒绝帮助那些需要你帮助的人。4、I need not expatiate on the question any further.我不需要进一步阐述这个问题。5、He stammered out his need.他结结巴巴地说出了他的需要。
2023-07-17 13:47:541

虚拟语态结构、总结、例句。

虚拟语态 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn"t want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn"t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn"t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It"s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。 ⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. 一、虚拟语态的几种固定句式 1.I wish.....(一定用虚拟) 1)I wish i were you 2)I wish that she were here with me 2、as if...../as though 好象 (不一定用虚拟,要看说话的语境``) 1)He speaks as if he were an American.(如果他真的是美国人就不用虚拟了`) 2)He looks as if nothing had happened. 3、if I did/were....I would...... 1)If I were you,I wouldn"t do that 2)If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out .(用were to 和were的区别是were to 是对将来的虚拟, 用were是对现在的虚拟`详见二、虚拟语态的几种形式```) 二、虚拟语态的几种形式 1、对现在的虚拟:(直接用动词的过去时....) if I did /were.... I would....... 2、对将来的虚拟:if ..were to..I would....= if ..did...I would.... (此项与对现在的虚拟相同,但对现在的虚拟不用were to. 要区别对将来的虚拟和对现在的虚拟``一般句子里面都有时间标志``) (If it were to rain tomorrow,we would not go out. =If it rained tomorow,we would not go out.) 3、对过去的虚拟 If I had done....I would have done.... (If I had know the answer, I would have told you.) (至于If ..had been done ...would have done 前面的been只是因为是被动语态```所以要看句子的具体意思````) 固定句型的补充。 要用虚拟语态的句子: i would rather i could......(I would rather she could not come here) if only..(但愿....) A:I will go to Korean next month.B:If only I could go with you 虚拟语态表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设,推测,命令,建议,要求等。 o(∩_∩)o... 三种基本结构: 1. 与现在事实相反的假设:一般过去时(be用were),主句结构{ should(would)等+动词原型} 例如:If they were here ,they would help you.如果他们在这,会帮助你的。 2. 与过去事实相反的假设:过去完成时 主句结构:{should(would)等+have+过去分词} 例如:If he had come yesterday,i should(would)have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。 3. 表示对将来不大发生的是的假想。一般过去时,were+不定式,should+动词原形;主句结构:{should(would)+动词原形。 例如:If you succeeded ,everything would be all right.如果你将来成功了一切都会好的。
2023-07-17 13:48:131

虚拟语气的具体用法

很多内容,推荐买本薄冰的英语语法,里面有详细介绍
2023-07-17 13:48:222

英语中虚拟语气有什么用法?举一下例子,谢谢!

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn"t want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn"t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn"t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It"s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。 ⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
2023-07-17 13:48:311

什么是虚拟语气及它的时态用法

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一.虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测. Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式. ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高. ④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的. ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大.一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的.If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn"t want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn"t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面.这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来.例如:We didn"t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气. ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的. Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气.(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用(should) +动词原形.值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后.例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It"s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式.例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式. ⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形.例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式.例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
2023-07-17 13:48:391

虚拟语态的用法

  一、虚拟语气的使用范围:  虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。  二、虚拟语气的判断:  1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:  (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如:  If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。  (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如:  If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。  (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should  (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。 例如:  If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。  2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。  (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。  A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:  I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。  B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如:  I wished he hadn"t done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。  (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如:  I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。  注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。例如:  He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。  3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气。  (1) It be + 形容词 + that... (should)...。用于该句型的形容词有:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如:  It"s natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。  (2) It be + 过去分词 + that... (should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如:  It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。  (3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如:  It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。  (4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为:should + 动词原形,连接从句的that不能省略。例如:  My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。  4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。这时,如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如:  If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟,她就会看见她的老朋友了。
2023-07-17 13:48:482