Pere Goriot最后一段的原文有人知道么？

21世纪大英汉词典 柯林斯英汉双解大词典 send up使…上升(或上涨)：to send up prices使物价上涨向上级呈报(或提交)：Did you send up my application?我的申请你给交上去了吗?讽刺，挖苦，嘲弄；为嘲弄而模仿：to send up somebody讽刺挖苦某人this is what dictionary says

im going to use it frequently我会频繁地使用它

There is a factory near my home. It always discharges waste to the river and gives out the poisonous gas at the same time.

Low carbon, is now the world"s most advocate lifestyle. To attain low carbon life, we need to innovate constantly and make a new life instead of traditional mode of life.Low carbon content, involved in many life contains every aspect of our lives, such as how to eat, how, and how electricity prototype.When we go out to work every day, or more, the best to just ride bicycle, metro, s-bahn or bus instead of private cars, Eating without the use of disposable chopsticks, environmental and health, Minimize the use of home appliance air fan washing time and chance, The computer without time off, can be placed in indoor air purification some of greenery, Use E-mail, such as MSN timely communication tools, with less printer and fax, Book; double-sided Save water, reuse, Also can attend social environmental planting and activities. Generally speaking, low carbon is to save thrifty life eco-fri...

改错第一个，情态动词can"t用得不对,改成needn"t。第二个，定语从句，its变whose第三个，目的状语从句，work前加to,表目的。翻译helikesadventure,whichmakeshisparentsworried.shetriedtopreventhim,whichturnedoutinvain.Iinsistthatyoutakeimmediateactiontoputthingsright.

The cattle don"t need a ropeThe cattle"s horn is easy to reach, and the horse"s legs are designed to run, while monkey are good at grasping. But the human being is able to ride the cattle, docile the horse, and make fun of monkey.While they are willing to be ride, tamed and played. Consquently, we can link the cattle, bridle the horse, and lashes them without providing enough food for them. The way that we Chinese treat foreigners are much more the those animals treat the master. We can"t defeat them so that we compromised. In this way, no need of line can tame the cattle,and without the aid of wires can ride the horse, and be of no sticks can they make fun of us.All these are the same as the cattle"s horn, the horse"s legs and monkey"s funny.

　　随着个人素质的提升，感谢信的使用者越来越多，在写作上，感谢信具有一定的`要求。那么感谢信有什么格式呢？以下是我为大家整理的英文感谢信9篇，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。 英文感谢信 篇1 　　dear sirs, it is our pleasure to invite your staff to come to japan for attending our business meeting which is going to be held from june 26th , XX until july 6th, XX. the invited person is: mr. name: mr. eldridge eric nicolas department: machinery & electronic position: senior section manager considering his attendance is really important for us, hence your kind cooperation in preparing business visa for the above person that enable his to have visit japan is highly appreciated. sincerely yours, kunihiro yamauchi group leader global human resources group. 　　It was all because of your attendance and perfect professional skills that I could recover so soon. Therefore, thank you again and I wish I would have the chance to pay you back for all your kindness. 　　Thank you, Mr. Gibson. I feel deeply indebted to you and I really don"t know how to thank you enough for your help.It"s a great honor to be following in your footsteps as Overseas Sales Manager. 　　As we reviewed my background, I hope that you came to a similar conclusion. It was indeed a pleasure to discuss the opportunities with you. I thank you again for the opportunity and look forward to our next interaction. 　　To be honest, this promotion came as quite a surprise. I"d like to think it"s mainly a recognition of the teamwork, above and beyond the call of duty, in my department. On that same note, I"d like to thank all my colleagues in the company for their enthusiasm and hard work. Due to their efforts, we"ve really gotten some overseas projects off the ground for Action. 　　Looking to the future, I"d still like to maintain contact with everyone, even though I"ll be working at the senior level. Well, what I"m trying to say is I won"t let this step-up go to my head. My door will always be open. Thank you again. 　　I am writing to express my deepest thanks to you in Mother‘s Day，dear mother，you devote all of your energy and blood to our . you do not have any complaint about my brother and i.You love our though various different approaches such as study，work and life，consquently，our held on the belief that the mother is only lover .please accept our appreciate again. 英文感谢信 篇2 　　Dear ms. grasso: 　　thank you for interviewing me at credit technologies. i was impressed with the pany and the type of banking services the corporation provides. 　　your ments gave me a good understanding of the business and your expectations for the attorney you are seeking. i am confident that my background and experience in banking law and my ability to analyze statutes and regulations in detail could be useful to credit technologies. 　　if you were to offer me this position, i believe that i could provide services that would meet the high standards of your corporation. 　　i look forward to talking again with you soon. 　　very truly yours, 　　richard t. hamilton 英文感谢信 篇3 Mr.____ 　　Minister of _____ 　　(Address) 　　Beijing,China 　　Dear Minister, 　　I am writing this letter to thank you for you warm hospitality accorded to me and my delegation during our recent visit to your beautiful country. I would also like to thank you for your interesting discussion with me which I have found very informative and useful. 　　During the entire visit, my delegation and I were overwhelmed by the enthusiasm expressed by your business representatives on cooperation with China. I sincerely hope we could have more exchanges like this one when we would be able to continue our interesting discussion on possible ways to expand our bilateral ecomomic and trade relations and bring our business people together. 　　I am lookingforward to your early visit to China when I will be able to pay back some of the hospitality I received during my memorable stay in yur beautiful country. With kind personal regards, 　　Faithfully yours, 英文感谢信 篇4 　　Dear ms. grasso: 　　thank you for interviewing me at credit technologies. i was impressed with the pany and the type of banking services the corporation provides. 　　your ments gave me a good understanding of the business and your expectations for the attorney you are seeking. i am confident that my background and experience in banking law and my ability to analyze statutes and regulations in detail could be useful to credit technologies. 　　if you were to offer me this position, i believe that i could provide services that would meet the high standards of your corporation. 　　i look forward to talking again with you soon. 　　very truly yours, 　　richard t. hamilton 英文感谢信 篇5 DDate:____________ 　　Dear _________, 　　I am now writing these few lines to expremy sincere thanks for_________. I"d like you to know how much your ___________ meant to me. You have a positive genius for ___________. I not only enjoyed _____, but also ___________.I shall ever remember ________as one of the most______ in my life. 　　I _________. I hope to have the opportunity of reciprocating. Would you kindly let me know ________. I will fell very honored and pleased if you have time to ____________. How nice it would be to see you again! 　　I repeat my thanks again for your ___________. Please give my kind regards to your ________. 　　Yours truly, 　　Signature 英文感谢信 篇6 　　I am writing this letter to thank you for you warm hospitality accorded to me during my recent visit to Beijing. I would also like to thank you for your interesting discussion with me which I have found very informative and useful. 　　During the entire visit, I was overwhelmed by the enthusiasm expressed by you. I sincerely hope we could have more exchanges. 　　I am looking forward to your early visit to my hometown when I will be able to pay back some of the hospitality I received during my memorable stay in beautiful Beijing. With kind personal regards. 　　Faithfully yours. 第4篇：给同学的英语感谢信 　　I am writing this to express my sincere gratitude to your kindness.It is very nice of you to pay a visit when I stayed in hospital,I felt warm and relieved when I saw you.I attribute my quick recovery to your care.I wish to keep our friendship forever! 　　Thanks again and take care! 　　Yours, 　　XX 英文感谢信 篇7 Dear staff， 　　I am writing to show my sincere gratitude for all of you. Now that I am home and on my own again I feel extremely happy. During the time I lived at the Rehabilitation center and was under your tender care, I promised myself I would write a letter of thanks as soon as I was able. 　　Abundant thanks to each one of you for your patience, expertise and genuine concern. It was you who helped me believe in myself and gave me assurance that I could walk again. I would never forget each word you said to me and the things you have done to me. Forgive me for the times I lashed out at you in frustration and thank you for understanding and remaining firm with me. 　　Never stop your beautiful way of working with people. Your help really means a lot to me and anyone who in trouble as well. 　　Affectionately, 　　Wang Fang 英文感谢信 篇8 　　Dear Friends, 　　I just wanted to thank you again for the birthday party last night. I was really happy when everyone sang the Happy Birthday song. I liked your wonderful presents too. It was a really nice surprise. I will never forget that birthday. 　　Thank you so much! I am very lucky to have you as my friends and classmates! 　　Yours, 　　Li Hua 英文感谢信 篇9 　　Dear Mr. / Ms, 　　Thank you for your letter of June 4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry. We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities. This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation. 　　Yours faithfully

相当于Peter often warns us not ro touch the poisonous chemicals，often 作为一个频度副词，就是warn sb. not to do sth.

　　dear mother :i am writing to express my deepest thanks to you in mother"s day, dear mother ,you devote all of your energy and blood to our . you do not have any complaint about my brother and i.you love our though various different approaches such as study ,work and life ,consquently ,our held on the belief that the mother is only lover .please accept our appreciate again i hope that you have happiness everyday　　亲爱的妈妈：我写信是为了表达我最深切的感谢你的母亲“节，亲爱的妈妈，你投入所有的精力和血液我们的。你没有我的哥哥和我的任何投诉。你爱我，虽然各种不同的方法，例如为学习，工作和生活，结果是，我们举行的信念，母亲是唯一的爱人。请接受我们再次欣赏我希望你每天都快乐

In the new century, with the development of economy, science and technology exchange, the world trade and international tourism expanding, and different cultural exchanges between more closely. In cross-cultural communication, nonverbal behavior the information provided is not not inspect. Language information offer is a word meaning, but the non-verbal information provided by a strong individual character characteristic and the related cultural information. Know cross-cultural differences of communication is very important, intercultural communication is more and more frequent and we are not in the with each other culture people exchanges before learning the nonverbal difference, thereby maintaining cultural differences of sensitive is very important. So, we don"t have to look up some culture, and despise other culture, some culture are equal, each kind of text

then,though,although,even though,but,because,so,in a word,

发送，邮寄

下面是根据我自己的情况写的，最好结合你自己的情况否则考官追问对不上怀疑背答案会扣分，本人口语只有6. 5对话中不擅长用高级词汇和句型但是习惯答得很多，希望能帮到你：1. Well, as a high school student, I was frenquently told to concentrate on my study before big exams， like this IELTS test, final exams and the high school entrance exam. Those days could be very fast-paced cuz I hardly have any leisure.2. Yeah. Some subjects like maths requires not only concentrating on details buy also great patience when caculating. Also, when I am reading an article from textbook, misunderstanding of a single word might lead to many faults.3. I suppose it"s depend on the surroundings. When the classroom is very noisy and all the classmates around me are chatting, it could be hard for me to pay attention to my homework and I hate to be disturbed when I am concentrating on something. Howerver, I can concentrate easily when I listen to soft music or sit in a quite place.4和5. (参照第三题回答)6.As for me, I can say that I can"t leave my ipod and my headphone. I get used to listen to soft music when I am studying. Some people may find this habbit ridiculous and detrimental to my ability of concentrating, but I am not in agreement with them, or I would get bored soon.7. (参照第6题) It depends on the situation. My habbit is to listen to soft music when studying because it helps me to keep myself intrested to what I am doing, however it would be a bad idea to watching TV when reading a book. What I mean is that one person is able to do two different things on the premise that one thing he is doing will not disturb his concentrating on another thing.临时写得没有仔细看过，语法拼写错误你自己再看看，望采纳！

send sth to sbsend sb sth两种都可以

Have wash your hands many times everyday?

I will be pretty busy recentlySo I cant always show on QQTake care of yourself

warrywittly

题主单词错误，应该是frequently吧。frequent的副词,频繁地

事实是我时刻都很想你。每秒，每分钟，每小时，每天。

they found that a surprise duparture,the probaility （that the company will subsquently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%）

使我想起我的学校老师的是他的特殊品质

A

fequently 没有这儿词

equently use

艺术作品，画黑， magniloquent ，出血黑暗， 单调，腭，阴暗的频谱， grimly无限的， 耐人寻味的，所以多产 在constrasting色调， forcely ，美联储 胴体 抽象，所以哽塞的，所以具有挑衅性。 画布作画，变质， 黑暗的思考-豆状核变性， 画布作画，污蔑， 黑暗中思考，皮肤黝黑犯规轻。 深刻的，美学美容， 或阴影， sensary腐败， 的看法，打破了，四分五裂，镜像。 在娴熟的taints ，稀释，有色。 列明，在受损的肤色， 工程心脏出血的黑暗， 黑色， magniloquent艺术， 单调，腭，阴暗的频谱， grimly无限的， 多产耐人寻味， constrating ，美联储用武力， 抽象，所以哽塞的，所以具有挑衅性。 出血的艺术作品， 沸腾工作，让黑暗的， seering换言之，从心。

You may have the answers here:

AI绘画Midjourney关键词大全圣光天使圣光天使篇Wings —— 翅膀Halo —— 光环Angelic robe —— 天使袍Divine light —— 神圣之光Celestial beings —— 天使Radiant aura —— 辐射光环Heavenly beauty —— 天堂之美Seraphic wings —— 炽天使翅膀Ethereal presence —— 超凡存在Heavenly glow —— 天使光辉Serene expression —— 宁静表情Divine messenger —— 神圣使者Graceful posture —— 优雅姿态Angelic features —— 天使般的容貌Wings of light —— 光之翅膀Angelic halo —— 天使光环Peaceful countenance —— 安详的面容Divine intervention —— 神圣干预Seraphic radiance —— 炽天使光辉Pure-hearted —— 纯洁的心灵Guardian angel —— 守护天使Heavenly realm —— 天堂境界Serene atmosphere —— 宁静氛围Angelic whispers —— 天使低语Wingspan —— 翅膀展开的距离Divine guidance —— 神圣引导Seraphic presence —— 炽天使的存在Heavenly harmony —— 天堂和谐Angelic ethereal —— 天使的超凡Radiant serenity —— 辐射平静Wings of love —— 爱之翅膀Angelic grace —— 天使的优雅Heavenly messenger —— 天堂使者Seraphic beauty —— 炽天使之美Divine protection —— 神圣保护Peaceful presence —— 安详的存在Angelic embrace —— 天使的拥抱Halo of light —— 光环之光Serene radiance —— 宁静光辉Angelic guardian —— 天使守护者Heavenly sanctuary —— 天堂圣殿Seraphic purity —— 炽天使纯洁Wings of hope —— 希望之翼Angelic elegance —— 天使的优雅Divine inspiration —— 神圣启示Serene beauty —— 宁静之美Angelic aura —— 天使光环Halo of peace —— 和平之光环Divine essence —— 神圣本质Wings of compassion —— 怜悯之翼Angelic charm —— 天使魅力Heavenly blessings —— 天堂祝福Seraphic harmony —— 炽天使和谐Wings of protection —— 保护之翼Angelic serenity —— 天使平静Divine enlightenment —— 神圣启迪Serene presence —— 宁静存在Halo of love —— 爱之光环

case的意思是: 事例，情形，案例

奶茶

分类: 体育/运动 >> 运动用品 解析: nike运动鞋上有AIR是有"气垫"的意思. 气垫只是是nike鞋的一种缓震科技中的一种. nike鞋类缓震科技还有SHOX(弹力缓震柱),Impax(很象SHOX) post.baidu/f?kz=*********** 这个链接是百度贴吧上介绍nike缓震科技的贴子.

有次歌友会有人问她，她说因为她的英文名叫Rene，她第一次进公司时，可能是负责人问她英文名叫什么，她说叫Rene，那人没听清，说“什么‘奶"”？然后就叫奶茶了~ 那天看到另外一个论坛上有人讨论，看了一下答案五花八门，有几个真是令人喷饭，整理了一下大家看看。 听说是做奶茶广告而得名 可能长的象奶茶 一口想吃掉她 因为经常帮陈升买奶茶 (引用“可能长的象奶茶”)怎么可能长得像奶茶！那长得像咖啡又会是什么样子啊！ 我还以为她的歌里有叫奶茶的呢 声音像奶茶一样温暖 因为刘若英的英文名字叫Rene,念起来很像台语的“牛奶” ,陈升就常常开玩笑地称呼她“奶茶”,久了就变成习惯称呼。 ... 可能因为她喜欢喝奶茶吧 可能性格像闹 因为奶茶好喝啊!!!! 是用来形容她唱歌的风格啦，就像奶茶一样，刚开始听浓浓的香香的，听多了，可能会腻哦~~~还有，她的歌歌一般在午后喝着奶茶，然后懒懒地晒着太阳听，感觉最好~~啦啦 她的味道像奶茶 我想可能她的个性跟奶茶一样亲切吧，呵呵 曾经是卖奶茶的老板娘？！ 可能身上有一股奶荼味.... 嘿嘿 听她的歌就象和奶茶一样舒服啊 长的象奶茶 有点呆吧!哈,猜的 可能是她和奶茶一样受人欢迎吧 有点奶茶的感觉 一看不怎么样 看多了味道不错 人看上去比较平民化,就像奶茶一样"廉价" 大概她长的可爱吧 她是越看越有味道的那种 性格像奶茶吧 问她自己 皮肤像奶茶 我以为是她小时候的昵称 像奶茶一样，暖暖的，回味无穷！！

这是正常现象。可以减少吃药和吃饭的间隔。

6和8

女生名啊，BJ里的女主角就是叫这个名

由题意得：mab=2×3a×2b ∴m＝12

有air就是默认有内置airsole的意思nike最普通的气垫配置

1 在定语从句中，要看 direction在从句中作什么成分，作状语就用where，做主语或宾语 用which。要分析句子成分的23 同上 恩 英语师门语言 ，和汉语是一样一样的 要灵活 哦~

Mabsport由瑞士工程师Karl Muller发明。在一次访问韩国期间，他发现赤脚在稻田中行走减轻了他的背痛。返回瑞士后，Karl Muller着手开发一种赤足技术，为必须在坚硬地面行走的都市人，制造一种类似韩国稻田或东非热带草原柔软地面的不平缓状态，经过多年的潜心研究和开发，Mabsport终于在1996年投入市场。目前在20多个国家均有销售，每年这一革命的产品销量约为100万双。Mabsport希望帮助全世界的人拥有更健康，积极和快乐的生活。Mabsport相信，人类的健美和健康很大程度上受到行走方式的影响，这一观点已经得到多项科学研究的证实。因此Mabsport尝试透过传播赤脚健体鞋的观点和概念，唤醒并加强人们对符合生理学的正确步行方式的认识，并以直接，简单的方法，将符合生理学的正确步行方式的益处带给大家。

设M的坐标为(X,Y)tg角MBA(以下用B表示)=y/(2-x),tg角MAB(以下用A表示)=y/(x+1),因为,角B=2*角A所以,tgB=tg(2A)补,tg(2A)=2*tgA/(1-tgA*tgA)代入整理得:y2=3x2-3即,x=±√(y*y/3+1),可知X的值域[-∞,-1]∪[1,∞]当X∈[-∞,-1](左半支时),角MAB大于90度,要求角MBA=2*角MAB,所以MAB无法构成三角形,于是左半支舍去.考虑右半支,当点位于X轴上时,注意到A,M,B三点在同一直线上,也无法构成三角形,故x轴上的点也舍去.综上动点M的轨迹方程为3x^2-y^2=3的右支不包括x轴上的点

病情分析：你好！你的情况考虑建议给宝宝吃点合生元益生菌，孩子的抵抗力想提高,意见建议：锻炼身体多参加室外活动.饮食全面不挑食零食少吃.多吃橙西柚葡萄奇异果石榴西瓜木瓜芒果，鸡、鱼、等肉类食物。祝好！

耐克鞋上的air标志是表明该产品内配置有耐克公司的当家减震科技，也就是特殊气体，以特殊气压制成的气垫，一般只标有air标志的耐克鞋都是配置着airsole气垫，这种气垫是耐克的早期气垫，舒适性一般，但应付日常的休闲舒适的需求绝对绰绰有余，这种气垫一般在airforce系列中较为常见。扩展资料：NIKE鞋总体来讲比LINING鞋从穿着的舒适度，抗疲劳性，耐磨性都好。但价位高得多。并且在中国出售的NIKE鞋均在中国生产，返销美国。美国本土并不生产NEKE鞋。在信誉较好的商场和专买店一般是真货，NIKE鞋都是统一售价，统一折扣，不存在各商场价位不同一的情况，如果同一货号的鞋，在不同商场的价位不同，则有可能是假货。参考资料：耐克运动鞋_百度百科

刘若英的英文名叫Rene，最后一个音用闽南话念就是“奶”的发音。她的恩师陈瘅觉得称呼她为“奶”显然不合适，于是就加了一个字，念作“奶茶”，既亲切又顺耳，叫着叫着也就传开了。

流体画用的是油画布。画布表面涂刷白色底层以供绘画使用。标准的油画布以卷为单位销售，它由坚固、经过特殊编织的亚麻制成，其中大部分从比利时和爱尔兰进口。较便宜可选作代替品的是厚重的棉布，但这是一种不太为人所接受的代替品。因为用在绘画中，一片裁切的画布被平头钉钉在画布框（CHASSIS）或画架（STRETCHER）边框上而被紧紧地拉直。

performance 英[pu0259u02c8fu0254:mu0259ns] 美[pu0259ru02c8fu0254:rmu0259ns] n. 表现; 表演; 演技; 执行; [例句]Inside the theatre, they were giving a performance of Bizet"s Carmen.在剧院里，他们正在演出比才的作品《卡门》。[其他] 复数：performances

人名

解答：解：如图所示：M1（0，0），M4（-2，0），∵A（2，0），B（0，2），∴AB=22+22=22，∵M2，M3是以A为圆心，AB长为半径交x轴于两点，∴M2（2+22，0），M3（-22+2，0）．故所有满足条件点M的坐标是：（0，0）（-2，0）（2+22，0），（-22+2，0）．

对于体重在15公斤以下的，一次30毫克一天两次，对于体重在15-23公斤，一次45毫克一天两次，对于体重在23-40公斤，一次六十毫克一天两次，对于体重在40公斤以上，可以一次75毫克一天两次。奥司他韦颗粒，主要是用于流感病毒的抗感染治疗，针对的主要是甲型流感和乙型流感，对于普通的病毒感染，没有临床证据表明有很好的抗感染作用.因此对于普通的病毒感染是不建议口服磷酸奥司他韦颗粒进行治疗。另外磷酸奥司他韦颗粒，主要副作用临床上主要见于呕吐、腹泻、腹痛、恶心，这些临床表现，一般停药过后症状会很快缓解。奥司他韦是一种抗病毒的药物，尤其是对于流感病毒有非常明显的效果。奥司他韦主要用于流感患者的治疗和与流感患者密切接触者的预防。治疗剂量成人每次口服75mg，每天2次，疗程5天。

耐克鞋上有AIR的意思是：AIR是耐克的一个科技系列产品，因此也会在耐克的鞋上出现了AIR。最主要的是AirMax360系列，无阻隔全掌气垫是AirMax360的最大卖点，鞋面雷射刻印大有进步，一块过面料及减去泡棉中底减轻很多重量，但气垫变黄是难以避免的；AIR（气垫）－分为内置式、可见式。Nike为宣传三百六十度全透明气垫AirMax360，不但搵其中七款经典AirMax齐齐推出造势，加上各波鞋主脑好似藤原浩、Stash、Retrokid力撑，令AirMax360成为Nike2013年最重要产品。扩展资料：AIR（气垫）有内置式、可见式。AirMax－1994年推出，它以高压方式将NIKEAIR灌入一个坚韧的合成橡胶层内，较ZoomAir厚。它创造了多区间、多重压力的气垫。无论何时双脚受到多么强烈的撞击，双脚的着力点便会落到低压区（5PSI）部位；而双脚需要最强的稳定时，着力点又会落在气垫的高压区（25PSI）部位．在不同质的运动中，AirMax能够提供最为妥帖的冲击保护。参考资料来源：百度百科-AIR （耐克旗下系列产品）

对自然获得的流行性感冒的研究成人流感的治疗1997-1998年冬季流感流行时在北半球进行了III期临床试验，患者在出现症状的40小时内接受磷酸奥司他韦治疗。这些试验中，97%患者为甲型流感，3%为乙型流感。结果显示磷酸奥司他韦能缩短临床上流感相关的症状和体征，病程缩短32小时。在确诊为流感的患者中，服用磷酸奥司他韦流感患者的疾病严重程度较服用安慰剂减轻38%。而且磷酸奥司他韦治疗能使健康年轻人发生流感并发症并且需要抗生素治疗的几率降低约50%，这些并发症包括支气管炎、肺炎、鼻窦炎和中耳炎。在这些III期临床试验中，磷酸奥司他韦抗病毒活性的次要疗效指标也明确证实了其疗效，即能缩短排出病毒的时间和病毒滴度的曲线下面积。一项老年人的治疗研究数据显示，磷酸奥司他韦治疗（75毫克，每日2次，连用5天）能缩短中位疾病持续时间，与对年轻人的治疗结果相似。在另一项研究中，13岁以上合并有慢性心脏或/和呼吸道疾病的流感患者接受磷酸奥司他韦或安慰剂治疗，结果发现两组所有症状缓解的中位时间无明显差别，但磷酸奥司他韦治疗组发热的时间缩短了约1天，2天和4天时排出病毒患者的比例也明显下降。磷酸奥司他韦的安全性在高危人群和普通人群之间无差别。儿童流感的治疗在流感在人群中流行时开展了一项双盲安慰剂对照的研究，共入组了695例1至12岁儿童（平均年龄5.3岁），均有发热（体温大于37.8度）加上咳嗽或流涕的症状。本试验中69%的流感感染为甲型流感，31%为乙型流感。症状出现后48小时内给予磷酸奥司他韦治疗。与安慰剂组相比，磷酸奥司他韦治疗能使病程（定义为咳嗽和鼻充血症状缓解、体温正常和恢复正常的健康和活动）缩短35.8小时。服用磷酸奥司他韦的儿童出现急性中耳炎的比例较安慰剂组减少40%。对5岁以上儿童的亚组分析显示，与安慰剂组相比较，磷酸奥司他韦组的中耳炎发生几率下降56%，抗生素的使用比率下降40%。磷酸奥司他韦组儿童恢复正常的健康和活动的时间较安慰剂组提前约2天。成人和青少年的流感预防磷酸奥司他韦预防自然获得甲型和乙型流感的作用在以下3个III期临床试验中得到验证。1.密切接触流感患者后的短期预防对生活在同一家庭而接触流感患者的成人和青少年（大于13岁）进行了磷酸奥司他韦预防流感的III期临床试验。在生活在同一家庭的流感患者（377例）出现症状后2天内，962例流感密切接触者接受磷酸奥司他韦预防流感，每次75毫克，每天1次，共7天。将家庭成员中经病毒学证实为流感的密切接触人群纳入统计分析。安慰剂组接触人群中12%（24/461）出现了临床上的流感感染，而磷酸奥司他韦组接触人群中仅1%（2/294）出现了临床上的流感感染，即接触人群中流感的发生率下降了92%。2.流感流行时的季节性预防在一项双盲安慰剂对照试验中，研究对象为18-56岁未接种流感疫苗的健康人群，结果显示磷酸奥司他韦预防（75毫克 每天1次，共42天）的人群1.2%（6/520）出现了临床流感感染，而安慰剂组人群4.8%（25/519）出现了临床流感感染。本试验中人群均无流感密切接触。另一项双盲安慰剂对照的试验在老年疗养院中进行，在试验期间80%的研究对象接种过流感疫苗，在31个参加试验的疗养院中有9个出现了流感感染的病例。在这些疗养院中，磷酸奥司他韦预防（75毫克 每天1次，共42天）的老年人群0.4%（1/276）发生了流感，而安慰剂组的老年人群4.4%（12/272）发病。安慰剂预防组发病的12例中有11例之前接种了流感疫苗。本试验中流感继发的支气管炎、肺炎和鼻窦炎的发生率显著下降了86%。这些III期临床试验结果显示磷酸奥司他韦可明显降低病毒排出的时间，成功阻止病毒在家庭内传播。高危人群的流感治疗在老年人群（大于等于65岁）和合并有慢性心脏或/和呼吸道疾病的人群因流感接受磷酸奥司他韦治疗后，疾病的中位持续时间无明显缩短。但磷酸奥司他韦治疗组患者发热的时间缩短了约1天。对老年流感患者，磷酸奥司他韦治疗较安慰剂能减少需抗生素治疗的下呼吸道并发症（主要是支气管炎）的发生率，分别为磷酸奥司他韦组12%（29/250）和安慰剂组19%（52/268）（p=0.0156）。对合并有慢性心脏或/和呼吸道疾病的流感患者，需抗生素治疗的下呼吸道并发症的发生率分别为磷酸奥司他韦组14%（16/118）和安慰剂组17%（22/133）（p=0.5976）。病毒神经氨酸酶敏感性的降低[u]临床研究[/u]：在罗氏主办的临床研究中对产生对奥司他韦敏感性降低或耐受的流感病毒的风险进行了评估。所有携带奥司他韦耐药病毒的患者的病毒神经氨酸酶敏感性短暂性降低，可正常清除病毒，未见症状加重。 * 未在所有研究中进行全基因型分型。迄今为止在免疫功能正常患者中进行的曝露后（7 天）、曝露后家庭接触（10 天）和季节性（42 天）流感预防临床研究中，没有证据表明耐药性的产生与使用本品有关。在一项由免疫功能低下患者参加的为期12 周的预防研究中，未见耐药性产生。[u]临床和监测数据[/u]：自未使用奥司他韦的患者体内分离甲型和乙型流感病毒，体外研究检测到与奥司他韦敏感性降低有关的自然突变。例如，2008 年在欧洲与奥司他韦耐药有关的替代物H275Y存在于99%以上的2008 H1N1 流感分离毒株中，但是2009 H1N1 流感（“猪流感”）对奥司他韦几乎同样敏感。从服用奥司他韦的免疫功能正常患者和免疫功能低下患者体内均分离出耐药株。这些病毒对奥司他韦的敏感性及其流行程度似乎具有很强的季节性和区域性。奥司他韦耐药性在接受治疗和预防的大流行H1N1 流感患者中也有报道。年轻人群和免疫功能低下患者产生耐药性的几率可能更高。在自奥司他韦治疗患者体内分离的奥司他韦耐药病毒和实验室奥司他韦耐药流感病毒中都发现N1神经氨酸酶和N2神经氨酸酶的突变。耐药突变具有病毒亚型特异性。处方医师应考虑不同季节流感病毒的耐药性，以决定是否处方本品（最新耐药信息请参考WHO 和/或当地政府网站）。乙型流感的治疗总体上15%的流感患者是乙型流感病毒感染，在各个试验中所占的比例为1-33%。各个试验中乙型流感患者的中位疾病持续时间在各治疗组之间无显著差别。把所有试验中的乙型流感患者504例汇总分析，与安慰剂组相比，奥司他韦可以使所有症状的持续时间缩短0.7天（95%可信区间为0.1-1.6天，p=0.022），使发热、咳嗽和流涕的持续时间缩短1天（95%可信区间为0.4-1.7天，p＜0.001）。