小菜G-
because的后面不能接介系词短语，只能接从句，because of的后面才是接名词短语。原因状语从句(adverbial clause of cause)表原因或理由，其关联词有because，as，since等。如：Lanny was worried because he hadn"t had any letter from Kurt. 兰尼很着急，因为他一直未收到库尔特的信。We were up early the next morning, as we wanted to be in Oxford by the afternoon. 第二天早晨我们起得很早，因为我们要不迟于下午到达牛津。Since we have no money, we can"t buy it. 由于我们没有钱，我们不能买它。because，as，since均表“因为”、“由于”。because语气最强，用以回答why，可表已知或未知的事实。它可与强调词only，just以及否定词not连用。如：You shouldn"t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就发怒。because引导的从句通常置于主句之后，只有在强调时才置于主句之前。如：Because they make more money than I do, they think they"re so superior. 因为他们挣钱比我多，所以他们认为自己高人一等。because引导的从句还可用于强调结构。如：It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于要去看我的叔叔而进城的。as语气较弱，较口语化，所表的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实，故不需强调。as引导的从句之前不可用强调词和否定词not，亦不可用于强调结构。as引导的从句多置于主句之前。如：As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有的座位都满了，他只好站着。since的语气亦较弱，常表对方已知的事实。它和as一样，其前亦不可用强调词和否定词not。since往往相当于汉语中的“既然”。如：Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要去，我也去吧。for与上述三个从属连接词不同，它是一个对等连接词，因此它连结的是两个并列的分句，for也可以表示原因，但不能用于句首，如：The days are short, for it"s now December.(这些日子白昼很短，因为现在已经是十二月了。)for比较文气，常用于笔语。有些表原因的短语亦可引导原因状语从句。如：I eat potatoes for the simple reason that I like them. 我吃土豆仅仅是因为我喜欢土豆。(短语for the simple reason that引导原因状语从句)Shut the window for fear that it might rain. 关上窗户，恐怕要下雨。(短语for fear引导原因状语从句，常用虚拟语气)It is still in excellent condition considering that it was built 600 years ago. 它还保护完好，要知道它是600年前建的。(短语considering that引导原因状语从句)Seeing that it is ten o"clock, we will not wait for Mary any long. 既然已经十点钟了，我们不再多等玛丽。(短语seeing that引导原因状语从句)In case I should forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘掉了，请提醒我一下。(短语in case引导原因状语从句，in case后面用虚拟语气)I do remember, now (that) you mention it. 你这一提，我倒确是想起来了。(短语now that引导原因状语从句)I came to see you on the ground that Mr. Anderson said that you were interested in our project. 我来看你是因为安德森先生说你对我们的计划感兴趣。(短语on the ground that引导原因状语从句)Inasmuch (Insomuch) as the waves are high, I shall not go out in the boat. 由于浪大，我就不乘小船外出了。(短语inasmuch as引导原因状语从句)This is not a good plant for you garden in that its seeds are poisonous. 这一种植物对你的花园不好，因为它的籽有毒。(短语in that引导原因状语从句)
皮皮-
Shut off这个短语。应该是动词加副词构成的短语，而不是介词短语。介词短语就是in, on, at等介词开头的短语，
有动词和介词或者是副词构成的短语，叫做动词短语。
S笔记-
shut off是动词与副词组成的动副词组
代词作宾语时要用宾格放词组中间
如
The lights are still on .
Please go and shut them off .
那些灯依然开着，请去把他们关掉