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贴门神
我国各地过年都有贴门神的风俗。最初的门神是刻桃木为人形，挂在人的旁边，后来是画成门神人像张贴于门。传说中的神荼、郁垒兄弟二人专门管鬼，有他们守住门户，大小恶鬼不敢入门为害。唐代以后，又有画猛将秦琼、尉迟敬德二人像为门神的，还有画关羽、张飞像为门神的。门神像左右户各一张，后代常把一对门神画成一文一武。门神分三类：第一类是"大门门神"，多贴在车门或整间大门上，高约四五尺，宽约二三尺。第二类是"街门门神"，多贴小街门上，高约二尺，宽约一尺。这两种门神都是一黑脸一白脸两位尊神。白左黑右，白善易，黑狞恶，各手执槊钺。第三类是"屋门门神"，较街门门神稍小有限，也是黑白二神，但也有黑白二神是坐像的。屋门最多是贴"麒麟送子"像，两个傅粉涂脂梳太子冠的娃娃，各乘麒麟。这种门神，本应贴在新结婚的屋门上，以取吉利，后来也就作普通街门的新年点缀品了。
贴春联
春联亦名"门对"、"春帖"，是对联的一种，因在春节时张贴，故名。春联的一个源头是桃符。最初人们以桃木刻人形挂在门旁以避邪，后来画门神像于桃木上，再简化为在桃木板上题写门神名字。春联的另一来源是春贴。古人在立春日多贴"宜春"二字，后渐发展为春联。春联真正普及始于明代，与朱元璋的提倡有关。据清人陈尚古的《簪云楼杂说》中记载，有一年朱元璋准备过年时，下令每家门上都要贴一幅春联，以示庆贺。原来春联题写在桃木板上，后来改写在纸上。桃木的颜色是红的，红色有吉祥，避邪的意思，因此春联大都用红纸书写。但庙宇用黄纸，守制（服孝未满）用白、绿、黄三色，第一年用白纸，第二年绿纸，第三年黄纸，第四年丧服满才恢复用红纸。因满族尚白，清宫廷春联用白纸，蓝边包于外，红条镶于内。
贴福字、贴窗花、贴年画、贴挂千
这些都具有祈福、装点居所的民俗功能。年画是我国的一种古老的民间艺术，他反映了人民大众的风俗和信仰，寄托着人们对未来的希望。年画，也和春联一样，起源于"门神"。春联由神荼、郁垒的名字而向文字发展，而年画依然沿着绘画方向发展。随着木板印刷术的兴起，年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类，而渐渐把财神请到家里，进而在一些年画作坊中产生了《福禄寿三星图》、《天官赐福》、《五谷丰登》、《六畜兴旺》、《迎春接福》等彩色年画、以满足人们喜庆祈年的美好愿望。因明太祖朱元璋提倡春节贴春联，年画也受其影响随之而盛行开来，全国出现了年画三个重要产地：苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青和山东潍坊；形成了我国年画的三大流派。民国初年，上海郑曼陀将月历和年画二者结合起来。这是年画的一种新形式。这种合二而一的年画，以后发展成挂历。挂千，就是用吉祥语镌于红纸之上，长尺有咫，粘之门前，与桃符相辉映。其上有八仙人物的，为佛前所挂。挂千民户多用它，世家大族用它的较少。其黄纸长三寸，红纸长寸余，是"小挂千"，为市肆所用。最早的挂千当是以制钱（铜钱）串挂的，与压岁钱一样，有压胜的作用。
置天地桌
这是一个临时性的供桌，是除夕专设之桌。一般无大佛堂之家特别重视天地桌，因为平时对佛供献较少，到年终岁尽时对神佛大酬劳一次，此外，这桌主要是为接神使用。天地桌的内容与常年佛堂有所不同，除共有的挂钱、香烛、五供、大供之外，其受祀的偶像也大都是临时性的，如："百分"，它是一本木刻版的神像画册；"天地三界十八佛诸神"，是一张用大幅黄毛边纸木刻水彩印的全神码；福禄寿三星画像等。以上诸像有的接神后即焚化，如"百分"。有的则须到破五、甚至到灯节才焚烧。摆天地桌的位置也不统一，如堂屋地方宽大，可置于屋中，如屋内无地，就置于院中。传说此夜为天上诸神下界之时，所以民间有此接神习俗。
守岁
我国民间在除夕有守岁的习惯，俗名"熬年"。守岁从吃年夜饭开始，这顿年夜饭要慢慢地吃，从掌灯时分入席，有的人家一直要吃到深夜。根据宗懔《荆楚岁时记》的记载，至少在南北朝时已有吃年夜饭的习俗。守岁的习俗，既有对如水逝去的岁月含惜别留恋之情，又有对来临的新年寄以美好希望之意。
放爆竹
当午夜交正子时，新年钟声敲响，整个中华大地上空，爆竹声震响天宇。在这"岁之元、月之元、时之元"的"三元"时刻，有的地方还在庭院里垒"旺火"，以示旺气通天，兴隆繁盛。在熊熊燃烧的旺火周围，孩子们放爆竹，欢乐地活蹦乱跳，这时，屋内是通明的灯火，庭前是灿烂的火花，屋外是震天的响声，把除夕的热闹气氛推向了最高潮。历代的诗人墨客总是以最美好的诗句，赞颂新年的来临。
王安石的《元日》诗：
爆竹声中一岁除，
春风送暖人屠苏。
千门万户瞳瞳日。
总把新桃换旧符。
描绘了我国人民欢度春节盛大的喜庆情景。爆竹声响是辞旧迎新的标志、喜庆心情的流露。经商人家．放爆竹还有另一番意义：他们在除夕之夜大放炮仗是为了新的一年大发大利。不过，据旧习认为，敬财神要争先，放爆竹要殿后。传说，要想发大财者，炮仗要响到最后才算心诚。
吃年夜饭
孩子们在玩耍放爆竹的时候，也正是主妇们在厨房里最忙碌的时刻，年菜都在前几天做好了，而年夜饭总要在年三十当天掌厨做出来。在北方，大年初一的饺子也要在三十晚上包出来。这时家家的砧板都在噔噔噔地忙着剁肉、切菜。此时，家家户户传出的砧板声，大街小巷传出的爆竹声，小店铺子传出的"劈劈啪啪"的算盘声和抑扬顿挫的报帐声，再夹杂着处处的说笑声，此起彼伏，洋洋盈耳，交织成除夕欢快的乐章。
吃年夜饭，是春节家家户户最热闹愉快的时候。大年夜．丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭，心头的充实感真是难以言喻。人们既是享受满桌的佳肴盛馔，也是享受那份快乐的气氛，桌上有大菜、冷盆、热炒、点心，一般少不了两样东西，一是火锅．一是鱼。火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，说明红红火火；"鱼"和"余"谐音，是象征"吉庆有余"，也喻示"年年有余"。还有萝卜俗称菜头，祝愿有好彩头；龙虾、爆鱼等煎炸食物，预祝家运兴旺如"烈火烹油"。最后多为一道甜食，祝福往后的日子甜甜蜜蜜，这天，即使不会喝酒的，也多少喝一点。
年夜饭的名堂很多，南北各地不同，有饺子、馄饨、长面、元宵等，而且各有讲究。北方人过年习惯吃饺子，是取新旧交替"更岁交子"的意思。又因为白面饺子形状像银元宝，一盆盆端上桌象征着"新年大发财，元宝滚进来"之意。有的包饺子时，还把几枚沸水消毒后的硬币包进去，说是谁先吃着了，就能多挣钱。吃饺子的习俗，是从汉朝传下来的。相传，医圣张仲景在寒冬腊月，看到穷人的耳朵被冻烂了，便制作了一种"祛寒娇耳汤"给穷人治冻伤。他用羊肉、辣椒和一些祛寒温热的药材，用面皮包成耳朵样子的"娇耳"，下锅煮熟，分给穷人吃，人们吃后，觉得浑身变暖，两耳发热。以后，人们仿效着做，一直流传到今天。新年吃馄饨，是取其开初之意。传说世界生成以前是混沌状态，盘古开天辟地，才有了宇宙四方，长面，也叫长寿面。新年吃面，是预祝寿长百年。
给压岁钱
压岁钱是由长辈发给晚辈的，有的家里是吃完年夜饭后，人人坐在桌旁不许走，等大家都吃完了，由长辈发给晚辈，并勉励儿孙在在新的一年里学习长进，好好做人。有的人家是父母在夜晚待子女睡熟后，放在他们的枕头下，更多的人家是小孩子们齐集正厅，高呼爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈新年快乐，列队跪拜；而后伸手要红包。甚而追讨到爷爷妈妈的卧房，一齐跑到床沿，大嚷特嚷："压岁钱，压岁钱！"老人家还嫌不够热闹，故作小气，由讨价还价到围攻摸索，最后把老祖宗的红包挖掘出来，大家抢掠一空，才呼啸而散。老人家逢此情景却乐不可支，认为这是新年事事顺利的好兆头。过年给压岁钱，体现出长辈对晚辈的关爱，和晚辈对长辈的尊敬，是一项整合家庭伦理关系的民俗活动。
有童谣云：
三星在南，家家拜年；
小辈儿的磕头，老辈儿的给钱。
要钱没有，扭脸儿就走。
接神
接神是为新旧年分野，但接神时间亦不太统一。有的子时一到就开始举行仪式，有的到"子正"之时，即午夜零点开始接神，有的则在"子正"之后方接。祭灶后，诸神都回天宫，不理人间俗事，到除夕子时后，即新一年来临时，又降临人间理事。接神的仪式在天地桌前举行，由全家中的最长者主持。因为诸神所居的天界方位不同，下界时来的方向自然也不同，至于接何神，神从何方来，要预先查好"宪书"，然后带领全家举香在院中按方位接神。如辛未年的"宪书"上指示："财神正东、福神正南、贵神东北、喜神西南、太岁神西南等"。按方位叩首礼毕后，肃立待香尽，再叩首，最后将香根、神像、元宝锭等取下，放入早已在院中备好的钱粮盆内焚烧。焚烧时同燃松枝、芝麻秸等。接神时鞭炮齐鸣，气氛极浓烈。
踩祟
接神后，将芝麻秸从街门内铺到屋门，人在上面行走，噼叭作声，称为"踩岁"，亦叫"踩祟"。由于"碎"与"祟"同音，取新春开始驱除邪祟的意思。
祭祖
古时，这种礼俗很盛。因各地礼俗的不同，祭祖形式也各异，有的到野外瞻拜祖墓，有的到宗祠拜祖，而大多在家中将祖先牌位依次摆在正厅，陈列供品，然后祭拜者按长幼的顺序上香跪拜。汉人祭祖，多半做鱼肉碗菜，盛以高碗，颇有钟鸣鼎食之意。
南方人流寓北京的，祭祖尤为隆重，大半是八碗大菜，中设火锅，按灵位设杯箸，在除夕、元旦、元夜，都将火锅扇开，随时换菜。旗族人祭祖，满蒙不同，蒙古旗人供以黄油炒黄米面，撤供时炸以香油，蘸以白糖，另有风味。满洲旗人祭祖，供核桃酥、芙蓉糕、苹果、素蜡檀香，静肃异常。除夕夜和元旦供素煮饽饽，上元夜供元宵，每日早晚焚香叩头，献供新茶。祭祖形式虽各不同，大半都是除夕夜悬影，上元夜撤供，亲朋之至近的，拜年时也必须叩谒祖先堂，不独慎终追远至意不泯，因其人敬其祖的美德，也借此保存了。
送财神
旧时，从春节子夜开财门起，就有送财神的，手拿着一张纸印的财神在门外嚷着："送财神爷的来啦！"这时屋里的主人，为了表示欢迎财神，便拿赏钱给来人，送财神的口中，当然总免不了要说些吉利话。例如："金银财宝滚进来"啦！"左边有对金狮子，右边有对金凤凰"啦！等等之类的口彩。另外还有一种就是装扮成财神爷的模样，身穿红袍，头戴纱帽，嘴上挂着假胡子，身上背着一个收钱的黄布袋，后面跟着几个敲锣打鼓的，挨家挨户地去散发财神爷像，以便讨赏钱。每到人家门口，就唱起："左厢堆满金银库，右边财宝满屋堆。"一大堆讨吉利的话，不绝于口，直到主人欢喜地接过那张红纸财神爷像，给他们些钱，扮财神的这些人，连声道谢之后，就起劲地敲打一阵，在咚咚锵锵的锣鼓声中，转到别家去了。
饮屠苏酒
屠苏酒是一种药酒。在古代习俗中，元日全家饮屠苏酒，以祛不正之气。制作屠苏酒的方法是：用大黄一钱，桔梗，川椒各一钱五分，桂心一钱八分，茱萸一钱二分，防风一两，以绛囊盛之悬于井中，至元日寅时取起，以酒煎四五沸。古时饮屠苏酒，方法很别致。一般人饮酒，总是从年长者饮起；但是饮屠苏酒却正好相反，是从最年少的饮起。大概年少者一天天长大，先饮酒以示祝贺，而年长者过一年少一年，后饮以示挽留。宋朝文学家苏辙的《除日》诗道："年年最后饮屠苏，不觉年来七十余。"说的就是这种风俗。这种别开生面的饮酒次序，在古代每每令人产生种种感慨，所以给人留有深刻的印象。
隔年饭
在北方，有的人家还要供一盆饭，年前烧好，要供过年，叫作"隔年饭"，是年年有剩饭，一年到头吃不完，今年还吃昔年粮的意思。这盆隔年饭一般用大米和小米混合起来煮，北京俗话叫"二米子饭"，是为了有黄有白，这叫作"有金有银，金银满盆"的"金银饭"。不少地方在守岁时所备的糕点瓜果，都是想讨个吉利的口彩：吃枣（春来早），吃柿饼（事事如意）吃杏仁（幸福人），吃长生果（长生不老），吃年糕（一年比一年高）。除夕之夜，一家老小，边吃边乐，谈笑畅叙。
CarieVinne-
春节
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在中国最重要的节日是春节，也为农历新年众所周知的。为了中华民族，这是非常重要的圣诞节，西方。春节象征的大团结，繁荣的未来和前景。
这个一年一度的庆祝活动的日期是确定的，而不是公历农历，所以在假期的时间从1月底至2月初各不相同。
新年开始了筹备工作的最后一次登月过去几天，房子彻底清洁，债务偿还，头发被切割和购买新衣服。人们将此事放在门口或墙上面临的客厅门春节distiches。这样做是为了表达对和平和幸福的新一年的人民的愿望。在许多家庭，人们在家里烧柱香（香）和寺庙祭拜祖先，并要求在未来的一年身体健康的神。
传奇 - 在念故事“年”的故事
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春节是华人最隆重的节日。春节也被称为“念”，但谁知道这个词，念，曾经是一个愤怒的怪物的名称。他们住在远古时期人类。如何节有一些与怪物的关系是在一个有关的起源和发展春节的故事。
传说说，很久以前，有一个怪物，念。这是天生的很丑陋，凶猛（凶猛的），要么像龙和独角兽（独角兽）希望。在第一和每个农历正月十五，怪物将来自山上打猎的人。因此，人们十分害怕，并锁定自己的门户，在年初就其未来的日子日落。
住着一个老智者的一个村庄。他认为这是在人民作出如此大胆的怪物恐慌和愤怒。因此，老人请人组织起来，去征服殴打喧天的锣鼓手段的怪物，焚烧竹子，使照明噪音大威胁怪物仇恨的目的烟花。当他的想法告诉了人们，大家都同意了。
在一个没有月亮的夜晚和寒冷的怪物，念，再次出现。目前它在人民的开放口，出了可怕的噪音和人民所取得的消防水管爆裂，并在有怪物了，它被迫收回，可怕的声音了。怪物不能停止运行，直到用尽而下降了。那么，人们跳起来，杀死了邪恶的怪物。野蛮的怪物，他最终受到损失的人合作所作的努力。
从那时起，人们不断打败的锣鼓的传统，在冬季和照明烟花在最寒冷的一天，以推动想象的怪物以外，并庆祝了它的胜利。今天，念指元旦和春节。人们常说过妮埯，这意味着"居住的节日。此外，念也意味着一年。举例说，华人往往迎接新念，说好，这意味着新年快乐彼此！新方法新手段和郝好。
Spring Festival
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The most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, it is also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people, it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. Spring Festival symbolizes the great unity, prosperity and prospect for the future.
The dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February.
Preparations for the New Year begin the last few days of the last moon, houses are thoroughly cleaned, debts are repaid, hair is cut and new clothes are purchased. People put spring festival distiches onto the door or wall facing the door in the sitting room. This is done to express the people"s wish for a peaceful and happy new year. In many homes, people burn incense（香） at home and in the temples to pay respects to ancestors and ask the gods for good health in the coming year.
Legend -- Story of Nian “年”的故事
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The Spring Festival is the grandest festival for the Chinese. The Spring Festival is also called "Nian", but who knows the term, Nian, was once the name of a furious monster. they lived on human beings in the ancient time. How the Festival has some relationship with the monster lies in a story about the origin and development of the Spring Festival.
The legend says, long ago, there was a monster called Nian. It was born to be very ugly and ferocious（凶猛的）, which looked like either dragons or unicorns（独角兽）. On the first and the 15th of each lunar month, the monster would come down from the mountains to hunt people. So people were very much afraid of it and locked their doors early before sunset on the days of its coming.
There lived an old wise man in a village. He thought it was the panic in people that made the monster so bold and furious. Thus the old man asked people to organize together and to conquer the monster by means of beating drums and gongs, burning bamboo, and lighting fireworks in purpose of making large noises to threaten the hateful monster. When he told people about the idea, everybody agreed on it.
At a moonless and freezing cold night, the monster, Nian, appeared again. The moment it opened its mouth at people, burst out the frightening noises and fire made by people, and wherever the monster went, it was forced to back off by the terrible noises. The monster couldn"t stop running until he fell down with exhaustion. Then people jumped up and killed the evil monster. Savage as the monster was, he lost in the end under the efforts from the cooperation of people.
Since then, people have kept the tradition by beating drums and gongs, and lighting fireworks at the coldest day in winter to drive the imagined monsters away and to celebrate the victory over it. Today, Nian refers to the New Year"s day or the Spring Festival. People often say Guo Nian, which means "live the festival." Furthermore, Nian also means the year. For an example, the Chinese often greet each other by saying Xin Nian Hao, which means Happy New Year! Xin means new and Hao means good.
Story of playing fireworks
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In China, people play to express joy and happiness during the Spring Festival and on other auspicious occasions（喜庆日子）. Fireworks playing is regarded as one of China"s most important customs.
The history of firework can be dated back to（追溯） over 2,000 years ago. The earliest firework was called Ting Liao（庭燎）, it was made up of something like bamboo sticks（竹筒） and would make stuttering sound（噼噼啪啪的爆裂声） when it is burned.
Firework was first played to dispel（驱使） ghosts and evil spirits and look for（祈求） auspiciousness and happiness. It is said that a four-horned monster（四角兽） called Shan Sao（山臊） and some other ghosts. They hid in mountains and came out to harm human beings and their livestock every 365 days. However, they were afraid of sound and light. People therefore played fireworks in order to drive away Shan Sao and evil spirits at the end of one year and the beginning of a year.
After gunpowder was invented in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), people began to make fireworks by cramming gunpowder into bamboo tubes to produce greater sound. In the Song Dynasty (960 - 1271), bamboo tubes was replaced with paper coverings. Later, a new kind of firecracker was invented which was made by linking many smaller firecrackers together with powder train（药线）. This new firecracker called Bao Zhu could sound continuously.
Well-made firecrackers are usually packed with red paper. When exploded, scraps of red paper will be scattered all over the floor, which forebodes auspiciousness. During the Spring Festival you can see people playing firecrackers in various kinds and with different colors. As Chinese become more aware of environment protection, playing fireworks has already been prohibited（禁止） in many cities. Still, people celebrate their holidays in many other ways.
The Double Ninth Festival 重阳（亦称重九）(the 9th day of the 9th lunar month)
On this day, also called Chongyang Festival, people customarily climb up mountains and appreciate chrysanthemums. It is also the festival for the old and a time for family get-togethers.
As a famous Chinese saying goes: On festive occasion more than ever we think of our dear ones far away. 每逢佳节倍思亲。
The Dragon Boat Festival 龙船节或五龙节(the 5th day of the 5th lunar month)
Also called Duanwu Festival亦称端午节，most people say that the day is held in remembrance of Qu Yuan (c.340-c.278 BC), a great patriotic poet of Chu State in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) who committed suicide in the Miluo River, Hunan Province 大都认为是悼念投湖南汨罗的战国时楚国爱国诗人屈原；others argue that the ancient Yue people held sacrifices to the dragon totem 古越人举行的龙图腾祭俗；still others narrate that the festival has been evolved from the Summer Solstice in the Xia (2070-1600 BC), Shang (1600-1046 BC), and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties 由夏、商、周的夏至节演变而来的。People eat zongzi, a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in reed leaves, compete in dragon boat races, cleanse their homes by putting up the leaves of mugwort (Artemisia argyi) 插艾（别称家艾、艾嵩）or cattail on either side of the door, spray realgar water晒雄黄 in the room, and drink realgar wine饮雄黄酒 (traditionally drunk during the Dragon Boat Festival to get rid of calamities and prevent poisonous creatures避瘟逐疫).
The Lantern Festival 灯节（亦称上元节）(the 15th of the first lunar month)
Also called Yuanxiao亦称元宵节Festival, it is the climax of the Spring Festival. On the night of the Lantern Festival, people go out to parks and other places to view the often very intricate lanterns, figure out the lantern puzzles, and eat yuanxiao, a kind of small round dumplings made of glutinous rice flour containing sweet fillings.
The Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节（俗称团圆节）(the 15th day of the 8th lunar month)
It is a time for family reunions, symbolized by the full moon, which appears to be bigger and brighter than it is at any other time of the year, and moon cakes. It is traditional to eat moon cakes on the day drink wine fermented with osmanthus flowers and enjoy the moon at night 吃中秋月饼、饮桂花酒、赏月为乐。
It is also called the Calamus Festival (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, on which calamus leaves used to be hung at the door ward off evil spirits).
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