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暗黑破坏神的人物名字的问题

2023-07-09 12:29:01
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德鲁伊(Druid)可以操控愤怒的暴风,初升朝阳的温和力量,灵巧的狐狸,巨力的猛熊等事物。但德鲁伊不象都市人那样夸饰不实,自以为是大自然的主人,相反的,他们通过融入大自然得到自然的力量。胆敢侵入德鲁伊圣地并惹恼他们的话,就能清楚地了解这件事。”暴雪游戏中的德鲁伊也确实扮演着此类角色,作为暗夜精灵的强力盟友,现实中他们也有着不俗的背景来源。Druid一词可分开理解,前半部与希腊语“drus”有关,意指橡树,后半部和印欧语系的词尾“-wid”类似,它的意思是去了解。德鲁伊教以橡果为圣果,因而推测德鲁伊的古意是了解橡树之人。关于德鲁伊教的考究所知甚少,大多都来自古罗马和古希腊的文献,或者从森林、神坛、庙宇等遗迹中偶然寻得一些蛛丝马迹。关于座落在斯伯利平原(Salisbury Plain)的著名遗迹巨石群(Stonehenge),就有一种说法认为这是基督教尚未传入大不列颠前当地塞尔特人(Celts)信奉德鲁伊教(Druid)所建立的神殿,也可能是德鲁伊教徒执行绞刑的场所。史书上最早有关于德鲁依教团的记载大多在朱理亚.凯撒和古罗马伟大史学家塔西佗斯的著作中,它们多是描写德鲁伊教的蛮荒恐怖,凯撒远征高卢时曾向元老院报告:“德鲁伊教教士在当地有仲裁和主祭等重要地位和权力,而且该教教士精通物理、化学,他们在树林中居住,用金镰刀砍伐神圣的橡树果,甚至用活人献祭!”但在大多时候,德鲁伊教士被公认为古代智能的守护者,有崇高的道德修养,并对自然科学和神学有不俗见解,曾有史学家将德鲁伊教士与印度的婆罗门(Brahmins)、波斯袄僧(Magi)、埃及祭师(Priests)和萨满巫师(Shaman)并列。德鲁伊教士是公元前5世纪至公元1世纪散居在高卢、不列颠、爱尔兰、欧洲、小亚细亚和巴尔干半岛的凯尔特人,在族内担当祭司、法师或预言者,有着崇高地位。公元1世纪左右,罗马帝国举兵讨伐日益壮大的凯尔特人,塔西佗斯记载在这场战斗中,德鲁伊教团员身穿黑衣,跳跃在凯尔特的军队中,咆哮着天神的名字,刺耳地诅咒着罗马帝国。在凯尔特人战败后,德鲁伊教被罗马人血洗,教士的遗体丢弃在德鲁伊神圣的森林里,从此以后几个世纪里他们的威信下降到普通巫师的地位,从前的辉煌一去不返,只有独自呤诵悲哀挽歌。

可乐

  你好!!

  “Druid”一词分两部分理解:前半部很大程度上和希腊文的“drus”相关,是橡树的意思;而后半部与印欧语系的词尾「-wid」相似。而德鲁依教又以橡果为圣果,更证明其名字的古意是熟悉橡树之人。

  德鲁依教士是很高级的凯尔特人祭伺、法师或预言者。而凯尔特人是一个在公元前5世纪至公元1世纪散居在高卢、不列颠、爱尔兰、欧洲、小亚细亚和巴尔干半岛蛮族。

  德鲁依教的仪式和教义都是非常神密的,而且只依惯例口头传授。所以,虽然经过历代研究和探索,依然所知甚少。多数有关他们的资料是来源于古希腊和古罗马的文献。除此之外,考古学家只能从森林、神坛、庙宇的遗迹中偶然寻得一些如图画、记号等的微小线索而已。在史书上最早有关于德鲁依教团的记载主要是见于朱理亚·凯撒和古罗马最伟大的史学家塔西佗斯的著作中。在这些著作中,多是描述德鲁依教的野蛮和恐怖!凯撒远征高卢时曾向元老院报告说:「德鲁依教教士在当地有仲裁和主祭等重要地位和权力,而且该教教士精通物理、化学;在树林中居住,用金镰刀砍伐神圣的橡树果,甚至用活人献祭!」但在大多数情况之下,德鲁依教士是公认的古代智能的守护者,有着崇高的道德修养,并对自然科学和神学有很深的造诣。

  德鲁依教士精通占卜,对祭祀之礼一丝不苟,也长于历法、医药、天文和文学…同时,他们也是执法者、吟游诗人、探险家的代名词。男女皆可为德鲁依教士,同样在社会上享有崇高的地位。也有史学家将德鲁依教士与印度的婆罗门( Brahmins)、波斯祅僧(Magi)、埃及祭师(Priests)和巫医(Shamans)相等同。

  在祭典中,德鲁依教士在满月的第六日收割橡果,而在过程中橡果不能堕地,并盛在纯白的布里。然后牺牲两头白色公牛,再举行宴会。他们也会献祭活人,通常这些牲人都是犯人,但如果实在没有的话,就会在平民中挑选。受难者或被关在木笼中活活烧死,或用木柱刺穿,或用利器插死,或用乱箭射死…或是执行最神圣的「三重死亡」( 只有被挑选成为德鲁依王子的人才可接受这个仪式,而死者也通常是自愿接受的)首先,用斧头将牲人打晕,再迅速用由动物肌肉扎成的有三个结的绳子将其勒杀,并同时割开其喉咙,最后面朝下地将牲人放在四尺深的水里,表示最后是淹死的,而牲人死前吃的最后的食物是撒有橡果的烤大麦饼……就是这些残忍的活人祭祀激怒了罗马政权而加速了他们的灭亡。而后世也有学者为德鲁依教士开脱,但作为主祭的高级祭伺,似乎是难以脱罪的……

  在预言的过程中,德鲁依教士往往借鸟兽如乌鸦、老鹰等来占卜吉凶。有时也观察牲人的喉咙和内脏来作出预言。来节日时,德鲁依教士会举行仪式,将人催眠,然往互换灵魂,再以梦境预知未来。史书上也记载了一些德鲁依教士使用的魔法,如用草药和橡果等施放幻术和护身符;用发怒的毒蛇的吐沬浸过的魔蛋可以控制他人等……

  德鲁依教徒也相信灵魂的永恒,这点有点像轮回。他们会在亲人死后将所有死者生前的物品一并烧掉,甚至跳到火中抱住亲人的尸体,以便与亲人同登极乐……他们也会写信给已死的人,甚至提高货款额以便对方可以在死后偿还……

  在公元1世纪左右,罗马帝国恐怕凯尔特人势大,对其进行大举讨伐。塔西佗斯曾记载,在战斗中,德鲁依教团员身穿黑衣,跳跃在凯尔特的军队中,咆哮着天神的名字,刺耳地诅咒着罗马帝国。在罗马战胜后,不但屠杀了全部凯尔特士兵,而且也血洗了德鲁依教,并将其教士尸体遗弃在德鲁依教神圣的森林里…这一役令德鲁依教在以后的几个世纪里都一蹶不振,在以后的几代里他们的力量和地位与普通巫师无异……直至公元16、17世纪,德鲁依教仍然只存在于民谣山歌之中……

  17世纪,英国古董家约翰·欧伯利指出,在罗马时期的德鲁依教可能包涵了一些更古老的信仰,相传他们兴建了著名的Stonehenge (在英国Salisbury平原上的史前时期巨大石柱群, 好象Act 1里Stonefield中的石柱群)用来献祭太阳神! 虽然他的说法有误,但终在18世纪掀起了德鲁依教复兴运动。

  公元1717年,人称德鲁依大祭师的威廉·史度克里和约翰·托兰重建了德鲁依教,而后的亨利·荷力恢复了其古代教条,使其成为一类似共济会的慈善团体。

  有趣的是,在美国的德鲁依教团却是为了完全不同的目的而成立的。话说1963年,北美革新德鲁依教团成立,而教团的成立却只是因为当时明尼苏达州Carleton College in Northfield的一群大学生反对学校强逼学生参加宗教服务,进而成立的组织。后来,该组织发展成为一提倡新异教信仰的德鲁依教团发展至今。

  谢谢!!

okok云

神秘的德鲁伊 以及德鲁伊教义

一、亦正亦邪:众说纷纭的德鲁伊教徒

北半球冬季开始的这段时间里农夫们早已将土地休耕;森林里的动物们也开始冬眠,农舍和洞穴将凛冽的寒风阻挡在外,让躲在其中的人或兽类得到生命的庇护。到了冬至那一天,夜晚变得比一年中的其它时间都还来得长,白天则变得较为短暂。就是在这一天,“巨石阵”中会出现一群不知来自何方的神秘祭司,他们在巨石阵中观测天象以预测未来。在英国传说中认为这群神秘祭司都是古老的原始宗教德鲁伊教派的信徒,他们一般都远隔尘世隐居在世界的某个角落中,默默地过着他们不为人知的生活。

欧洲人一般认为德鲁伊教徒是自然和中立的拥护者,是将整个荒原都当作是自己家园的隐士,他们使自己的特殊力量保护大自然并且让整个世界获得平衡。这一点充分的表现在《暗黑破坏神II》中:游戏中描述德鲁伊德教徒是居住在北方森林里的亲近自然的法师集团,他们不使用传统意义上的元素魔法,而是用自己的方式来与自然融合以获取独特的魔法能力,这种魔法能够使他们得到控制火,大地和风的神奇能力。德鲁伊教徒新芬的魔力使他们可以召唤许许多多的植物和野兽帮助自己作战,比如乌鸦、老鹰、野狼、藤蔓甚至是游荡在荒野中的幽灵;他们自己也可以变形成疯狼或者巨熊之类的野蛮动物,从而获得野性的力量,与敌人作战。德鲁伊教徒的技能分为三大类:元素魔法,变身技能,召唤能力。

在《龙枪编年史》中德鲁伊教徒是在森林之中,以草药救人的群体。而在《冰风谷》中库达哈的德鲁伊教徒阿伦多很显然那是一个粗壮的有知识的人,一点都没有荒原上的蛮族的影子。在AD&D游戏中出现的德鲁伊教徒这类角色对一切事物都持完全中立的态度。完全中立的角色往往是最不随大流的人,打个比方来说,当善良阵营强大时,他会跑到邪恶一方去;而当邪恶一方占上风时,他又会跑回善良一方去。反正他的目的就是在各种对立的阵营之间维持力量的平衡。最可怜的就是在《魔法门》系列中德鲁伊教愣是变成了邪教:羊鸣教。虽然在游戏中为羊鸣教效劳的话肯定佣金丰厚,要走光明路险的话还得按江湖规矩:同羊鸣教的人少来往。虽然羊鸣教庙宇的回复价格极为低廉,但由于有一些不良的副作用而背负了坏名声。再加上羊鸣教行踪一向诡异而被人们以“邪教”冠之。曾经有一些人,由于在羊鸣庙捐钱而名声变坏。所以说,除非万不得已尽量不要和羊鸣教的人有瓜葛。

二、活人祭奠?谜团一样的原始宗教

加拿大作家玛格丽特·艾特伍德以一本传记《盲刺客》获英国最高文学奖项Booker奖,这项殊荣使玛格丽特确立了在世界文坛上的显著地位。在伦敦市政厅参加完颁奖仪式后,她应邀出席了盛大的盛宴,席间她调侃了Booker奖颁奖仪式:“……就象德鲁伊教的典礼——评委把六只无辜的小羊羔带到宴会上,五只被宰食,剩下的一只就颁给她大奖。”用活人或者是活畜来祭奠神灵,这就是西方人印象中残忍的德鲁伊宗教仪式。

去年曾很有名气的冒险游戏《神秘的德鲁伊教会》的剧情故事来自于德国的民间传说,讲述一件发生在神秘大屋子里的恐怖杀人事件。玩家要扮演一个叫做黑雁的伦敦警察厅的侦探,去调查这一系列的恐怖凶杀案。很快幕后黑手:一个神秘的黑暗德鲁伊教会浮出水面,他们的目的竟然是为了召唤恶魔而在举行血腥的杀人仪式。

很多东方人对撒旦的了解应归因于旅居于英国的伊朗作家拉什迪,他的《撒旦诗篇》激怒伊朗宗教前领袖霍梅尼,拉什迪因此曾被追杀。事实上,在西方,特别是信仰天主教的国家,撒旦就是魔鬼的代名词,一提撒旦,小孩子就会吓得不敢出声。然而这么一个可怕的堕落天使最近几年竟然时来运转,被许多欧美国家的青少年所崇拜,并逐渐演变成一个邪教组织“撒旦教”,由此上演了一幕又一幕令人触目惊心的人间惨剧。该教在教庆仪式将动物和人杀死,以祭拜其偶像———魔王撒旦(顺便说一句:记得“大菠萝”系列里面的羊头人身的巨魔吗?他就是欧洲中世纪时代流行的撒旦化身)。在美国有一些撒旦教的邪教徒公然声称他们的宗教原自于古老的原始宗教“德鲁伊教”,看来这下子德鲁伊教徒们是跳进黄河也洗不清了。

其实在基督教势力统一欧洲之后,为了加强思想控制曾经对于欧洲各地的原始宗教统一进行过一个“妖魔化”的过程。基督教刚传入欧洲的时候曾被罗马帝国残酷压制,那时候很流行的娱乐就是把基督徒放在斗兽场里喂狮子,因为他们是“异教徒”。三十年河东四十年河西,基督教得势之后成立的宗教残判所照旧残害生命:将不皈依自己的人斩首、淹死、吊死甚至投入火中烧死。理由和罗马皇帝一模一样:罪犯们是“异教徒”,甚至于连圣女贞德都是被当作女巫烧死的。西方文明发展史也就是基督教发展史中的这种残杀看起来一点也不比现代的邪教徒高贵多少。

三、漫长旅程:爱尔兰的德鲁伊人

德鲁伊的英文原名为“Druid”,这个词可分为两部分来理解:前半部和希腊文中的“drus”相关,而“drus”是橡树的意思;后半部与印欧语系的词尾“-wid”相似,这个词尾的意思是去了解。而德鲁伊教又以橡果为圣果,所以德鲁伊名字的古意是熟悉橡树之人。跟据爱尔兰古代编年史,德鲁伊教徒是这个国家最早的殖民者,他们都属于雅弗部落,其中最重要的一个是爱尔兰人。根据传说,这些人也属于雅弗部落。德鲁伊教徒们从锡西厄(古代欧洲东南部以黑海北岸为中心的一地区)进入希腊、再到埃及、西班牙,最终在公元前1530年,由西班牙到达爱尔兰。在这所有的海上迁徙过程中,德鲁伊们有一个非常重要的核心 ——大祭司凯科斯。据说他在德鲁伊教徒的旅程刚开始的时候就已经预见到Erinn(爱尔兰的旧称)是他们的最终目的地。

当德鲁伊教徒们到达爱尔兰之后,爱尔兰人的首脑是阿麦金。阿麦金是一位伟大的祭司,同时他也是德鲁伊远征队中的诗人和法官,他是一个非常有名的德鲁伊教徒。尽管他不是爱尔兰所知道的唯一的德鲁伊,《Leabhar Gabhala》(又名《侵略史》)认为阿麦金是爱尔兰盖尔人中的第一个德鲁伊。随着第一批德鲁伊移民在爱尔兰登陆,德鲁伊教徒们闪电般的征服了这块土地,并且将自己的教义散布到爱尔兰的每一寸土地中。

德鲁伊教的仪式和教义都是非常神秘的,而且只依照惯例口头传授。所以,虽然历史学家经过历代研究和探索,依然所知甚少,多数有关他们的资料是来源于古希腊和古罗马的文献。除此之外,考古学家只能从森林、神坛、庙宇的遗迹中偶然寻得一些如图画、记号等的微小线索而已。在史书上最早有关于德鲁依教会的记载主要是见于朱利耶斯·凯撒和古罗马最伟大的史学家塔西佗斯的著作中。在这些著作中,多是描述德鲁伊教的野蛮和恐怖!凯撒远征高卢时曾向元老院报告说:“德鲁伊教教士在当地有仲裁和主祭等重要地位和权力,而且该教教士精通物理、化学,他们在树林中居住,用金镰刀砍伐神圣的橡树果,甚至用活人献祭!”其实在大多数情况之下,德鲁伊教士是公认的古代智能的守护者,有着崇高的道德修养,并对自然科学和神学有很深的造诣。

根据古罗马人的记载显示:德鲁伊教士精通占卜,在预言的过程中,德鲁伊教士往往借助鸟兽,如乌鸦、老鹰等来占卜吉凶。有时也观察牲人(用来祭祀的活人)的喉咙和内脏来作出预言。在节日到来时,德鲁伊教士会举行仪式,将人催眠,然后互换灵魂,再以梦境预知未来。德鲁依教徒也相信灵魂的永恒。他们会在亲人死后将所有死者生前的物品一并烧掉,甚至跳到火中抱住亲人的尸体,以便与亲人同登极乐。他们会写信给已死的人,甚至提高货款额以便对方可以在死后偿还。德鲁伊教规定男女皆可为德鲁依教士,而且同样在社会上享有崇高的地位,他们是执法者、吟游诗人、探险家的代名词。曾有史学家将德鲁伊教士与印度的婆罗门、波斯袄僧、埃及祭师和巫医相等同。

四、罗马进攻:德鲁伊的灭亡

传说中的恐怖活祭到底是否确有其事呢?其实在世界各地所存在的原始宗教中都存在过杀生祭祀活动。例如早期的犹太教便以此而闻名,《圣经》中甚至有专门的篇幅来歌颂信徒杀子献祭的举动。德鲁伊人对于生命的理解同南美洲曾有过的玛雅文明有一丝类似:认为通过杀生献祭可以取得神灵的格外恩宠和净化死者和生者的灵魂。同样据罗马人的记载显示在德鲁伊的祭典活动中,教士们在满月的第六日收割橡果,而在这过程中橡果不能堕地,并盛在纯白的布里。然后牺牲两头白色公牛,再举行宴会。他们有时也会献祭牲人,通常这些牲人都是犯人,但如果实在没有的话,就会在平民中挑选。受难者或被关在木笼里活活烧死,或用木柱刺穿,或用利器插死,或用乱箭射死。还有就是执行最神圣的“三重死亡”(只有被挑选成为德鲁伊王子的人才可接受这个仪式,而死者也通常是自愿接受的)。首先用斧头将牲人打晕,再迅速用由动物肌肉扎成的有三个结的绳子将其勒死,并同时割开其喉咙,最后面朝下地将牲人放在四尺深的水里,表示最后是淹死的,而牲人死前吃的最后的食物是撒有橡果的烤大麦饼。无论如何,杀人献祭这种举动代表的只能是野蛮和残忍,尤其是当时通知西方世界的罗马人早已进入相对文明开化的由奴隶主民主政治统治的帝国阶段,所以自命为高贵的罗马人对于就是这些残忍的活人祭祀极其反感。罗马人自己记载说:在野蛮的德鲁伊人多次拒绝了罗马人停止此类祭奠的命令后,被激怒了的罗马皇帝派出军团一举消灭了德鲁伊的世界。其实后世不断的有西方学者为德鲁依教士开脱的,但无论如何此种野蛮的人祭都是不应该长期存在于人类文明中的。

历史的真相是:德鲁伊教士是很高级的凯尔特人祭司、法师或预言者,而凯尔特人是一个在公元前5世纪至公元1世纪散居在高卢、不列颠、爱尔兰、欧洲、小亚细亚和巴尔干半岛的蛮族。在公元1世纪左右,罗马帝国为防凯尔特人坐大,对其进行大举讨伐。塔西佗斯曾记载,在战斗中,德鲁伊教会员身穿黑衣,跳跃在凯尔特的军队中,咆哮着天神的名字,刺耳地诅咒着罗马帝国。在罗马战胜后,不但屠杀了全部凯尔特士兵,也血洗了德鲁伊教,并将教士尸体遗弃在德鲁伊神圣的森林里。这一役令德鲁伊教在以后的几个世纪里都一蹶不振,直至公元十六七世纪前,德鲁伊教仍然只作为灭亡的邪教和善良的自然守护者存在于民谣山歌之中。

五、学术复兴:寂寞的当代德鲁伊人

在英国古老而广漠的平原上,矗立着许多奇特的巨石建筑,它们站在风雨中经过了几千年,注视着人间的沧桑。这就是篇首提到过的令人百思不得其解的古代巨石阵遗址。这些雄伟壮丽的神秘巨石阵吸引了来自世界各地旅游观光者和众多为之困惑的考古学家、历史学家、建筑学家和天文学家。

巨石阵最早是建于新石器后期,约公元前 2800年,那时已建成了巨石阵的雏形 圆沟、土岗、巨大的踵石和”奥布里坑群”。公元前约2000年开始是巨石阵建筑的第二阶段、整个巨石阵基本形成。这个阶段的主要建筑是蓝沙岩石柱群和长长的信道。巨石阵的第三期建筑最为重要,约在公元前1500年,这时建成了沙石圈和拱门,巨石阵已全部完工,这就是我们现在看到的雄伟壮丽的巨石阵遗址的全貌。需要指出的是:整个巨石阵的工程需要150万个人工,而整个建筑过程中,始终没有用轮载工具和牲畜的痕迹。

从现在看来,巨石阵的建筑规模和工程难度对于早期人类来说,简直是不可思议的。它的建成比埃及最古老的金字塔还要早700年,然而究竟是谁建造了这雄伟的巨石阵,现在仍然众说纷纭。有人认为是当地早期居民凯尔特人建造的墓穴,也有人认为是古罗马人为天神西拉建造的圣殿,还有人认为是丹麦人建造用来举行典礼的地方,然而这些虚无缥缈的想象都没有确凿的证据。

无数学者经年累月地找寻着巨石阵的建造者。学者们慨叹巨石阵与埃及金字塔一样的神秘莫测,有人提出巨石阵的建筑石料均是160多公里外的地方运输而来,开采、运输、安放如此巨大的石块,除了具备高超技术的巨匠谁也不能,于是他们认为巨石阵与金字塔出于同一巨匠之手。学者们甚至使用了当前最先进的仪器设备考察巨石阵的奥秘。奇怪的是,他们发现巨石竟能发出超声波!古人在刀耕火种的年代怎么会知道超声波呢?学者们的考察研究又掉入了迷洞。无奈之下有人将巨石阵的建筑光荣给予了地球外的生物也即外星人。巨人阵真是外星人建造的吗?没有证据否认,也没有证据肯定。

公元17世纪,英国考古学家约翰·欧伯利第一次指出:在罗马时期的德鲁伊教可能包含了一些更古老的信仰,可能就是他们兴建了著名的“巨石阵”用来献祭太阳神!虽然他的说法有误,但这最终在18世纪掀起了德鲁伊教复兴运动。公元1717年,自称德鲁伊大祭司的威廉·史度克里和约翰·托兰重建了德鲁伊教,而后的亨利·荷力恢复了其古代教条,使其成为一类似共济会的慈善团体。有趣的是,在美国的德鲁伊教会却是为了完全不同的目的而成立的。到了1963年,北美革新德鲁伊教会成立,而教会的成立却只是因为当时明尼苏达州的一群大学生反对学校强逼学生参加宗教服务,进而成立的组织。后来该组织发展成为提倡自由宗教信仰的德鲁伊教会,并发展至今。

现在大家知道了无论本文开篇的那段描述如何神乎其神,德鲁伊人到底是没有变成狼人或者是熊人的魔力的。我之所以如此描写,只是为了缓冲一下在正文中必然涉及到的无数年的压迫和杀戮所带来的血腥味道。就德鲁伊人所存在过的历史年代而言,显然他们是有建造巨石阵的时间的,可是他们真有如此的魔力以完成此项浩大的工程吗?没有证据否认,也没有证据肯定。无论如何,还是将爱尔兰人传说中的德鲁伊诗人作品作为本文的结尾吧

教义

It fosters:

Love of the Land,the Earth,the Wild -- reverence for Nature

他抚育着:

大陆之爱,尘世之爱,野性之爱 -- 为自然,为本性而去尊重.

Love of Peace: Druids were traditionally peace-makers,and still are:each ceremony begins with Peace to the Quarters,there is a Druid"s Peace Prayer,And Druids plant Peace Groves

和谐之爱:按传统来说,德鲁伊都是和平的维护者,而且现在依旧是:

每个仪式首先都给所处的地域带来和谐与宁静,那里永存着德鲁伊们的祈祷以及他们所植下的平和之树.

Love of Beauty: The Druid path cultivates the Bard,the Artist Within,and fosters creativity

美感之爱:德鲁伊的道路在于引导他们,包括吟游诗人在内的艺术家们去发挥潜在的创造力.

Love of Justice: Druids were judges,and law-makers.Traditionally Druids are interested in restorative,not punitive,justice

正义之爱:德鲁伊即是审判者又是法律的创造者,传说中的德鲁伊也十分仁慈,而不只是正义和惩罚的代表.

Love of Story of Myth : Druidry recognises and uses the power of mythology and stories

神话之爱:德鲁伊教义承认并使用神话故事产生的力量.

Love of History & Reverence for the Ancestors: Druidry recognises the forming power of the Past

故往之爱:德鲁伊教义承认历史凝聚的力量.

Love of Trees: Druids today plant trees and Sacred Groves ,and study treelore

树木之爱:德鲁伊当今种植了神圣之林,并且研究了有关她的知识.

Love of Stones: Druids today build stone circles,collect stones and work with crystals

岩石之爱:德鲁伊现今建立了一套岩石体系,专门收集以及研究她的晶体构成.

Love of Truth: Druid Philosophy is a quest for Wisdom

真理之爱:德鲁伊的哲学是智慧的追求.

Love of Animals: Druidry see animals as sacred,and teaches sacred animal lore

动物之爱:德鲁伊教义把动物看做神圣的,传承神圣的动物学问

Love of Body : Druidry sees the body and sexuality as sacred

形体之爱:德鲁伊教义视形体以及性是神圣的.

Love of the Sun,Moon,Stars&Sky: Druid Starlore,embodied in the old stories and in the stone circles,teaches a love for the Universe

星空之爱:德鲁伊对于星空的知识,体现于古老的故事以及岩石体系中,教导人们对于宇宙充满热爱.

Love of Each Other: Druidry fosters the magic of relationship of community

相互之爱:德鲁伊教义推崇群体中形成的神力.

Love of Life: Druidry encourages celebration and full commitment to life - it is not a spirituality that wants to

escape from life

生命之爱:德鲁伊教义鼓励对完成义务的生命的离去而庆祝-这并不是一个逃避生命的灵魂.

这些是凯尔特德鲁伊古老的教义 已经有2000多年了

小菜G

玩游戏,学历史,寓教于乐!

cloudcone

对了

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2023-07-09 11:31:051

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"犹太人"英文怎么写? Jewish a. 犹太人的 触 词形变化: 副词:Jewishly 名词:Jewishness例句与用法: 1. Here is a local Jewish munity. 这是当地犹太人的一个社区。 2. Jewish culture is famous. 犹太人的文化很著名。 3. The Jewish nation is scattered around the world. 犹太民族散居于世界各地. 4. The ceremonial headdress worn by ancient Jewish high priests. 大祭司冠古代犹太祭司长的正式头饰 “犹太人”英文 这就是英语巧妙的地方当这些都是名词用法时 Chinese 不加, he is a Chinese, they are Chinese American 要加,he is an American, they are Americans Jew 加不加都可以 犹太人用英语怎么翻译 Jew 犹太人 Jew speaks/ues English犹太人用英语 呵呵,不知道阁下要翻译的什么,只好把俩个都给翻译了。 犹太人用英语怎么说阿 Jew 名词 He is a Jew Jewish 形容词 He is Jewish 犹太人 怎么翻译 如果翻译成猪 你觉得犹太人他们肯吗? 哭腔被犹太人视为信仰和团结的象征,用英语怎么说? 不是哭腔,是哭墙吧。 The Wailing Wall was re浮arded by the Jews as a symbol of faith and unity。 犹太人说英语吗?为什么用英文?犹太人和英国人有什么关系? 那要看犹太人生活在哪个国家喽,生活在英国、美国、澳大利亚等英语国家的当然说英语,生活在德国的当然说德语,而生活在俄国的呢,那就说俄语了。 犹太人是指犹太民族,就好比说我们是 *** (假定你也是汉族,呵呵),在以色列建国之前犹太民族是没有自己的国家的,他们分散居住在欧洲各个国家,由于宗教信仰的缘故,长期受欧洲其他民族的歧视,尤其是二战德国对犹太民族的大屠杀,使他们认识到,没有自己的国家,就摆脱不了被欺凌的命运,于是在美国的支持下,在犹太教圣地耶路撒冷建立了新以色列国,接纳收容全世界犹太人。 其他有关信息可参考我过去对“犹太人有什么特别?为什么有人会看不起他们? ”的回答
2023-07-09 11:31:121

The Big Issue 歌词

歌曲名:The Big Issue歌手:Chumbawamba专辑:TubthumperThere are thoseSpend the nightUnder bridgesOver by the riverDown in the parkThrough the winterBut there"s a houseThat i knowSafe and warmAnd no-one ever goes thereDown where the priestsBless the wineShe"s been born into the wrong timeShe keeps nonsense on her mindShe"s a poet, she"s a builderShe"s as bored as bored can beShe"s a have-not, she"s a know-allShe knows just how to say yesShe"s skating frozen chaosTill the no good gods are deadBut sometimes in the dead of nightWoken by the city lightsShe wonders how she keeps alive...This is the girl whoLost the house whichPaid to the man whoPut up the rent andThrew out the girl toFeather his own sweet homeShe"s a clueless social climberLikes the wrong side of the bedShe"s a pick-me-up and she"s adrink-to-meIn the company of friendsShe"s tried every variationShe"s so common, she"s so coldShe"s homesick for a futureCan"t stomach what she"s toldOn every street in every townAll her days are up and downAt home among thelost-and-founds...This is the girl whoLost the house whichPaid to the man whoPut up the rent andThrew out the girl toFeather his own sweet homeThis is the girl whoLost the house whichPaid to the man whoPut up the rent andThrew out the girl toFeather his own sweet homeThis is the girl whoLost the house whichPaid to the man whoPut up the rent andThrew out the girl toFeather his own sweet homeThank you for every tree and flowerThank you for every sky of blueThank you I should be every hourTruly thanking youI only recognize two tunes -"Silent Night" and "God Save The Queen"And I only know which is which "cause one of them,everyone stands up forhttp://music.baidu.com/song/2550184
2023-07-09 11:31:491

《坎特伯雷故事集》英文介绍

The original plan: Chaucer originally planed to write 120 stories, 2 for each pilgrim to tell on the way to Canterbury and 2 more on the way back. But he actually completed only 22, though there are 2 more existed in fragments. The work was probably first conceived in 1386, when Chaucer was living in Greenwich, some miles east of London. From his house he might have been able to see the pilgrim road that led toward the shrine of the famous English saint, Thomas a Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in his cathedral in 1170. Medieval pilgrims were notorious tale tellers, and the sight and sound of the bands riding toward Canterbury may well have suggested to Chaucer the idea of using a fictitious pilgrimage as a "frame" for a number of stories. This practice was common in the later period of the Middle Ages. Boccaccio had told 100 tales in his Decameron, each of the ten characters told a story a day for ten days. Another Italian, Gioanni Sercambi, had placed a series of stories in the mouth of the leader of a group of persons journeying on horseback. But it seems that Chaucer was unaware of the Italian precedents; his artistic exploitation of the device is altogether his own.The structure: The Canterbury Tales is not merely a collection of stories strung together by some loose thread, as was the general practice for some European writers of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance to assemble a rather large group of tales into a single work of some magnitude, but Chaucer creates in the "General Prologue" a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life and then assigns to each of them some appropriate tale shedding light on the respective narrator"s distinctive personality, and then in the separate "prologues" to some of the tales, and in the "links" that link up some of the tales, the author makes further efforts to show the interplay between the characters as well as their respective traits and idiosyncrasies. Thus the total effect of the poem as a whole is a comprehensive picture of the social reality of the poet"s day, especially since the pilgrims portrayed include men and women of all different professions, the high and the low, the lay and the clerical, the learned and the ignorant, the roguish and the upright, all excepting the very highest (i.e. the king and the top nobility) and lowest (i.e. the very poor laboring folk) in social rank at the time.Characters included are: (1) the monastic orders which include a rich monk, a friar, a prioress with her chaplain, a nun and three priests; (2) the secular clergy which include a parson, a pardoner and a summoner, to be joined by a canon and his yeoman devoted to alchemy; (3)the upper rung on the social ladder includes a knight, a squire, and a yeoman, a wealthy franklin, a doctor, a lawyer, and an Oxford scholar; (4) the trade which is represented by a merchant and a shipman; (5) the burgesses or freemen which include a haberdasher, a carpenter, a weaver, a dyer, a tapestry-maker, a cook, and the Wife of Bath; (6) the rural dwellers which include a miller, a reeve, a manciple and a plowman.The merits The merits of the 24 tales are of unequal merits. Taken as a whole they represent practically the whole range of literary genres in medieval and early Renaissance Europe, embracing minstrelcy, chivalric romances, fabliaux, lays, legends, legendary epic sagas, animal epics, mythology, moral allegories and sermons. Though Chaucer did not always succeed in his experiments with all the different popular literary media of the day, he certainly had wide interest in numerous literary traditions and innovations not alone in England but also on the Continent of Europe.【内容介绍】 乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》不是第一本短篇小说集,甚至让一群人中每人讲一个故事这种形式也不是什么新主意。在卜伽丘的《十日谈》中就有十个人,为了躲避1348年在佛罗伦萨肆虐的温疫逃到城郊的庄园。他们就是通过讲故事来消磨时间的。 《坎特伯雷故事集》中也有一群人,每个人讲述一个故事。我们不仅对故事本身感兴趣,而且对讲述故事的人也感兴趣。他们中的每个人都是真实的。乔叟在引言中把他们一一作了介绍。然后,我们又在故事中与他们相识。很快,我们就觉得对他们每个人都有所了解。 乔叟(约1343—1400) 英国诗人。伦敦酒商的儿子。十几岁起进入宫廷当差。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国,被法军俘虏,不久赎回。乔叟与宫廷往来密切,当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特郡的治安法官、郡下议院议员。他曾因外交事务出使许多国家和地区,到过比利时、法国、意大利等国,有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克,这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间,被剥夺了官位和年金,经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世,申诉自己的贫穷。1400年乔叟逝世,安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”。乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期: ①法国影响时期(1359—1372):主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品,创作了《悼公爵夫人》,用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。 ②意大利影响时期(1372—1386):诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》、《好女人的故事》,反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。 ③成熟时期(1386—1400):乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用,被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。《坎特伯雷故事集》内容提要 4月的一天,一群香客去坎特伯雷朝圣,投宿在泰巴旅店。次日,店主、香客与在此住宿的作者一起出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷的路上每人讲两个故事,回来时再讲两个,被大家公认为最佳的讲故事者可以在回来时白吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。乔叟只完成计划中120个故事中的24个(包括两个未完成的),其中22个为诗体,两个散文体。每个故事前均有开场语,全书有一个总序。作者用这种方式把各个零散故事连成一体。《坎特伯雷故事集》有几点值得注意: 一、它展现了广阔的社会画面。香客来自社会各个阶层:骑士、僧侣、学者、律师、商人、手工业者、自耕农、磨坊主等。 二、它综合采用了中世纪的各种文学体裁,有骑士传奇、圣徒传、布道文、寓言等。 三、总序和开场白中对人物的描写和故事本身饶有趣味,充满幽默感。 四、语言带上了讲述人自身的特征,每人所讲的故事都体现出讲述人的身份、趣味、爱好、职业和生活经验。《坎特伯雷故事集》之女尼的教士的故事(梗概) 公鸡腔得克利与7只母鸡住在一位克勤克俭的寡妇院子里。一天凌晨,公鸡从噩梦中惊醒。他梦见一只野兽潜伏在草丛里伺机要咬死他。他最宠爱的母鸡帕特立特讥笑他胆小如鼠,认为男子汉大丈夫应该敢于蔑视一切,有胆有识,劝他不必把梦放在心上。可公鸡举了很多例子说明,人在遭恶运之前都曾在梦中得到预兆。比如:有两人因找不到旅店,一人不得不投宿牛棚。夜里,另一人两次梦见宿牛棚的朋友向他求救。他未加理会。第三次做梦时,朋友告诉他自己已被贪图金钱的马夫谋害,恳请他第二天清早拦住一辆粪车,他的尸体就藏在粪车底层。事实果然证实了梦中的景象。后来谋杀者被揭露并受绞刑。又如:有两人要乘船远航,因为风向不对,被迫耽误一天。就在这天夜里,其中一人梦中得到警告:第二天不要出海,否则会淹死。他的同伴听后不以为然,坚持动身。后来果然遇难。公鸡说完这些可怕的事情,又自我宽慰了一番。等天一亮,他如平日一样与母鸡们觅食寻欢,早把昨夜的担惊受怕抛在脑后。突然间,他发现躲在草丛里的狐狸,不禁大惊失色。正要拔腿逃跑,狐狸叫住他,说自己是专门来欣赏公鸡的歌声的。一番奉承话说得公鸡心花怒放。他刚摆好姿势准备引吭高歌,狐狸冲上前咬住他的颈项,急步向窝奔去。母鸡们慌乱的哭叫声引来了寡妇和她的两个女儿。众人带着棍棒协力追赶。公鸡见状,对狐狸耍了个花招,从他嘴里挣扎出来,侥幸地逃脱了厄运。故事赏析这是一篇动物寓言。它以独特的体裁和风趣幽默的语言吸引读者,体现了《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术特色。 这篇寓言故事出自一位供奉神职的教士之口。故事讲叙人旁征博引,在不长的篇幅中引用各类古籍、《圣经》和传说中的典故达20余处之多,熨帖自然,引入入胜。故事除了按传统的结构法在结尾点明寓意之外,还在讲叙过程中见缝插针,不失时机地加入警句。例如,在转述公鸡所讲的谋财害命的故事时,教士情不自禁说道:“啊,上帝,您是多么圣明公正/谋杀尽管无人知晓,您会将它揭露/……尽管它藏上一年、两年或三年/谋杀终会暴露……”这种布道式的语气在文中随处可见,成了铺叙故事时一个不可或缺的构成因素,产生了独特的艺术效果。读者在欣赏故事的同时,可以从布道式的语气中清楚地意识到讲叙人的教士身份。这种个性化的语言恰恰是《坎特伯雷故事集》艺术魅力长存的关键之一。 除去讲述者个性分明外,故事也展示了作者驾驭语言的才能。公鸡腔得克利骄傲自大、目空一切,俨然以一方之主的姿态昂首阔步,但又生性胆怯、疑神疑鬼。他喜欢别人对他阿谀奉承,容易受骗上当。他时而高谈阔论,似乎能洞察一切;时而又唠唠叨叨,唯恐恶运临头;时而敏感,时而愚钝。母鸡帕特立特也颇具个性。她的言谈风度仿佛是位备受宠爱的太太。话语尖刻锋利,十分任性,但对自己的丈夫又是一往情深。通过富有个性的语言,作者活灵活现地展示了这一对性格迥异却又趣味相投的公鸡母鸡的身影。 《坎特伯雷故事集》的幽默讥讽的特色在此也得到了生动的体现。教士用学者的口吻讲话,或者搬弄华丽的词藻,或者一本正经地引经据典,讲叙的却仅仅是一个关于公鸡、母鸡、狐狸的动物故事,传达的只是街头巷尾的琐闻。这种气势和内容的脱节,产生了一种幽默、滑稽的艺术效果。例如公鸡趾高气扬的神态在狐狸面前一扫而光;狐狸狡猾地诱使公鸡上当,而自己又不免同样被骗;公鸡、母鸡在言谈中显露出一副贵公子、贵夫人的气派,而在行动中又难免现出家禽的本色。乔叟正是通过这种事物本质与表象、内容与形式之间的问离,巧妙地制造了笼罩全篇的幽默滑稽的喜剧气氛。 假如我们将这篇故事放在文艺复兴曙光初露的大背景上观照的话,不难发现无论是个性化的语言还是喜剧式的效果都被点染上了人文主义的思想光彩。“妙相庄严”的教士自然改不了他的职业习惯,而救人脱离苦海的布道却蜕变为插科打诨式的动物寓言;上帝、教义之类当然仍是教士念念不忘的法宝,而故事却全然不顾宗教的庄严肃穆,透出一片人间的盎然情趣,归结为尘俗世界的生活格言:该睁眼时莫闭眼,该缄默时勿开口。 这种重世俗、重现世的人文主义思想的流露也为这篇风格瑰丽、意趣盎然的动物寓言添上了意味隽永的一笔。 附【目录】 前言 引言 在泰巴德客栈 骑士的故事 派拉蒙和阿赛特 学者的故事 逆来顺受的格丽西达 巴斯太太的故事 女人最大的欲望是什么? 赦罪僧的故事 三个寻找‘死亡"的人 自由农的故事 三个承诺 游乞僧的故事 教会差役和魔鬼 女尼的教士的故事 公鸡羌得克立和狐狸《坎特伯雷故事集》是英国作家乔叟的小说。作品描写一群香客聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里,准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事,看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事,其中最精彩的故事有:骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活,揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善,谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义,肯定了世俗的爱情生活。 《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就很高,远远超过了以前同时代的英国文学作品,是英国文学史上现实主义的第一部典范。作品将幽默和讽刺结合,喜剧色彩浓厚,其中大多数故事用双韵诗体写成,对后来的英国文学产生了影响。人物形象鲜明,语言生动活泼。乔叟用富有生命力的伦敦方言进行创作,也为英国文学语言奠定了基础。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用,因而乔叟被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
2023-07-09 11:31:591

男神的英文怎么写?

男神Men of God
2023-07-09 11:32:083

挑唆的英文

He dared me to jump . 他 挑唆 我跳。 But that " s not the point my friends . . 这种 挑唆 ,强词夺理 But that " s not the point my friends . . 这种 挑唆 ,强词夺理 But that " s not the point my friends 这种 挑唆 ,强词夺理 Egged on by iago , othello makes up his mind to kill desdemona 在埃古的 挑唆 下,奥赛罗决意杀死苔丝德蒙娜。 He dared me into the fight 他 挑唆 我去打架。 [ bbe ] but the people were moved by the chief priests to make him let barabbas go free 只是祭司长 挑唆 众人、宁可释放巴拉巴给他们。 11 but the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have pilate release barabbas instead 11只是祭司长 挑唆 众人,宁可释放巴拉巴给他们。 But the chief priests moved the people , that he should rather release barabbas unto them 只是祭司长 挑唆 众人、宁可释放巴拉巴给他们。 The fight would probably never have begun if tom had not been edged on by his friend 要不是汤姆受到朋友的 挑唆 ,这场架也许根本就打不起来。 [ kjv ] but the chief priests moved the people , that he should rather release barabbas unto them 只是祭司长 挑唆 众人、宁可释放巴拉巴给他们。 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd that instead he should release barabbas to them 11只是祭司长 挑唆 群众,宁可要他释放巴拉巴给他们。 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to ask him to release barabbas for them instead 可15 : 11只是祭司长 挑唆 众人、宁可释放巴拉巴给他们。 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for barabbas and to destroy jesus 20但祭司长和长老 挑唆 群众,要求释放巴拉巴,除灭耶稣。 But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask barabbas , and destroy jesus 祭司长和长老、 挑唆 众人、求释放巴拉巴、除灭耶稣。 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for barabbas and to have jesus executed 20祭司长和长老, 挑唆 众人,求释放巴拉巴,除灭耶稣。 Mk . 15 : 11 but the chief priests stirred up the crowd that instead he should release barabbas to them 可十五11只是祭司长 挑唆 群众,宁可要他释放巴拉巴给他们。 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for barabbas and to put jesus to death 太27 : 20祭司长和长老、 挑唆 众人、求释放巴拉巴、除灭耶稣。 Mat 27 : 20 but the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to ask for barabbas and to have jesus executed 20祭司长和长老 挑唆 众人,求释放巴拉巴,除灭耶稣。 Mt . 27 : 20 but the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for barabbas and to destroy jesus 太二七20但祭司长和长老 挑唆 群众,要求释放巴拉巴,除灭耶稣。 Egged on by india , which fears a maoist takeover above all , he declared that no former maoist fighter would be allowed to join the army 受印度 挑唆 ,他公然声称不允许任何一个前毛派战士加入军队,印度害怕一个完全由毛派控制的政府。 19 then some jews came from antioch and iconium and won the crowd over . they stoned paul and dragged him outside the city , thinking he was dead 19但有些犹太人从安提阿和以哥念来, 挑唆 众人,就用石头打保罗,以为他是死了,便拖到城外。 But jews came from antioch and iconium , and having won over the crowds , they stoned paul and dragged him out of the city , supposing him to be dead 徒14 : 19但有些犹太人、从安提阿和以哥念来、 挑唆 众人、就用石头打保罗、以为他是死了、便拖到城外。 But baruch son of neriah is inciting you against us to hand us over to the babylonians , so they may kill us or carry us into exile to babylon . 3这是尼利亚的儿子巴录 挑唆 你害我们,要将我们交在迦勒底人的手中,使我们有被杀的,有被掳到巴比伦去的。 And there came thither certain jews from antioch and iconium , who persuaded the people , and having stoned paul , drew him out of the city , supposing he had been dead 但有些犹太人,从安提阿、以哥念来, 挑唆 群众,用石头打保罗,以为他死了,就拖到城外去。 And there came thither certain jews from antioch and iconium , who persuaded the people , and , having stoned paul , drew him out of the city , supposing he had been dead 19但有些犹太人,从安提阿和以哥念来, 挑唆 众人,就用石头打保罗,以为他是死了,便拖到城外。 But the jews stirred up the devout and honourable women , and the chief men of the city , and raised persecution against paul and barnabas , and expelled them out of their coasts 50但犹太人 挑唆 虔敬尊贵的妇女,和城内有名望的人,逼迫保罗,巴拿巴,将他们赶出境外。 But some jews came to that place from antioch and iconium , and got control over the people ; and after stoning paul , they had him pulled out of the town , taking him for dead 但有些犹太人、从安提阿和以哥念来、 挑唆 众人、就用石头打保罗、以为他是死了、便拖到城外。 Acts 14 : 19 but jews from antioch and iconium came there ; and having persuaded the crowds , they stoned paul and dragged him outside the city , supposing that he was dead 徒十四19但有些犹太人从安提阿和以哥念来, 挑唆 群众,就用石头打保罗,以为他已经死了,便拖出城外。 But the jews incited the devout women of prominence and the leading men of the city , and instigated a persecution against paul and barnabas , and drove them out of their district 徒13 : 50但犹太人 挑唆 虔敬尊贵的妇女、和城内有名望的人、逼迫保罗、巴拿巴、将他们赶出境外。
2023-07-09 11:32:141

《俄狄浦斯王》全文英译

《俄狄浦斯王》Oedipus the KingIntroduction of the Writer: Sophocles(索福克勒斯)---(born c. 496, Colonus, near Athens-died 406 BC, Athens) Greek playwright. With Aeschylus and Euripides, he was one of the three great tragic playwrights of Classical Athens. A distinguished public figure in Athens, he served successively in important posts as a treasurer, commander, and adviser. He competed in dramatic festivals, where he defeated Aeschylus to win his first victory in 468 BC. He went on to achieve unparalleled success, writing 123 dramas for dramatic competitions and achieving more than 20 victories. Only seven tragedies survive in their entirety: Antigone, Ajax, Electra, The Trachinian Women, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus, and Oedipus the King, his best-known work. He increased the size of the chorus and was the first to introduce a third actor onstage. For their supple language, vivid characterization, and formal perfection, his works are regarded as the epitome of Greek drama.索福克勒斯:(约公元前496——前406), 出生于雅典西北郊的克罗诺斯,父亲是兵器作坊主,早年曾受过良好的教育,擅长音乐、体育及舞蹈,这极大的影响了童年时代的索福克勒斯。公元前480年,希腊人于萨拉米斯海战中击败波斯人后,年轻的索福克勒斯曾因貌美和音乐天赋而被选为庆祝胜利的朗诵队领队少年。后来索福克勒斯进入政界。他于前443年出任以雅典为盟主的“德利亚联盟”的财政总管,后来又两次担任重要的将军职务。公元前431年伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发,翌年雅典流行瘟疫,他曾担任祭司一职。总体来说,在政治上索福克勒斯是个温和的民主派。他的一生大抵是平静而成功的。阿里斯托芬曾称赞他“生前完满,身后无憾。”他擅写悲剧 , 一共写过 120多部剧本 , 得过24次奖,现存完整的剧本7部:《埃阿斯》、《 安提戈涅 》、《奥狄浦斯王》、《埃勒克特拉》、《特拉基斯少女》、《菲罗克忒忒斯》、《奥狄浦斯在科洛诺斯》。索福克勒斯生活时期适值雅典民主制全盛时期,因此他的剧本反映的也是雅典民主制繁荣时期的思想意识。他拥护民主制度,主张公民平等,法律治邦。他赞扬人的自由意志,赞扬人在同恶运斗争中的坚韧精神。他的宗教观念偏于保守,主张维护传统的宗教观念。他善于刻画人物,人物个性鲜明,语言简明有力。他使剧中演员增加到3个 ,从而增加了对话的作用 ,但歌队仍然是剧情发展的有机组成部分。索福克勒斯早年就盛名远扬,在戏剧竞赛中总能获得胜利,自从公元前468年在戏剧比赛中赢了埃斯库罗斯,到72岁后败给欧里庇得斯,其间罕有人能与之匹敌。Content summary:Acclaimed for over,2000 years for its ingeniously constructed plot and extraordinary insight into the drama of human experience,Sophocles"masterpiece is revealed in all its riveting intensity in this translation by Bernard Knox.Here is the provocative tale of a great man hurtling toward his own destruction-a story of pride and power,incest and murder,which has never ceased to debate.Some fifteen years previously,OEDIPUS,then a young man,was told by the Oracle at Delphi that he was destined to murder his father and marry his mother. Shocked, he determines never to go back to Corinth, where he was brought up by the king and queen,who he thinks are his father and mother. His wandering bring him eventually to the city of Thebas,where his real father and mother reign.However,on the way, he brawls with an old man in a carriage over right of way and in a fit of temper kills him. Arrived at Thebas, he finds the city in am uproar:the king,LAIUS,has gone on a mysterious journey and never returned, and a female monster, the Sphinx, has taken up her position on a rock outside thebas and is strangling the inhabitants one by one for not being able to answer her riddle.OEDIPUS answes the riddle and the Spjinx throws herself from her rock.The citizens, in gratitude ,make OEDIPUS their king and he marries JOCASTA, their widowed queen. No one knows that JOCASTA is OEDIPUS "s mother and that the old man he killed on the road was LAIUS, his father.Nor do they know that these parents of his had tried to murder him as a baby,and thought they had succeeded. There follow fifteen years of apparent prosperity:a sham prosperity cloaking corruption. The gods are disgusted. Thebas is struck by plague. The people of the city,led by their priests and elders, flock around the great and successful OEDIPUS, now in teh prime of life and power. He saved them once: he can save them again. 底比斯国瘟疫盛行,天神宣告,只有杀害前王拉伊俄斯的凶手伏法,才能消灾祛祸。前王外出,与卫兵一起遇害,至今不知凶手是谁。国王俄狄浦斯严厉诅咒凶手,并号令全国追查。先知却说,凶手就是俄狄浦斯本人。俄狄浦斯出生时有神谕,说他将来会杀父娶母,于是他被抛弃在荒山上,辗转成了科林斯国王之子。成年后他得知神谕,为了躲避杀父娶母的预言,逃出科林斯国,在途中与人抢道,将主仆数人打死。他来到底比斯国,制服了狮身人面怪,被拥立为王,并娶寡后为妻。俄狄浦斯这些经历恰好符合当初神谕所说的杀父娶母。经过一番追查,事实俱在,俄狄浦斯正是凶手。王后羞愤自尽,俄狄浦斯刺瞎双眼,自我放逐。
2023-07-09 11:33:161

wow中马鞭对德鲁伊的飞行形态起作用吗

没用,...你做完迅捷飞行形态任务后同NPC不是给你一个加速度的饰品嘛,.带那个多好
2023-07-09 11:33:245

priest什么意思

priest用作名词时意为“祭司,祭士,术士”,用作动词时意为“任命...为祭司,使成为神职人员”。1、George was finally priested at the age of 30.乔治在30岁的时候终于成为了牧师。2、The priests of this temple have been here for decades.这座寺庙的神职人员在这里已经待了几十年了。3、My priest is a wise elder.我的神父是一位睿智的长者。4、He confessed his sin to the priest.他向神父坦白了他的罪行。5、The priest sacrificed a chicken.牧师献祭了一只鸡。6、The priest anointed her with oil.神父为她傅油。7、The priest intoned the final prayer.神父庄重地念了最后的祷文。8、They were married by the local priest.本地牧师为他们主持了婚礼。
2023-07-09 11:34:191

Karl Jenkins的《Benedictus》 歌词

BenedictusThe PriestsThe PriestsBenedictus歌手:The PriestsBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictus天主教弥撒中所用之简短赞美诗或乐曲(因起首词为"Benedictus"而得名)~music~荣耀归主~HosannainexcelsisHosannainexcelsisHosanna Hosannainexcelsis~music~BenedictusBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiquivenitnomineDomini~荣耀归主~http://music.baidu.com/song/2880231
2023-07-09 11:34:481

Priests of Sodom 歌词

歌曲名:Priests of Sodom歌手:cannibal corpse专辑:Evisceration PlagueCannibal Corpse - Priests Of Sodom@ @The Blackened City Calls OutEnter The Temple Of SinYou Must Enter The Temple Of SinContorted Sinners BeckonJoin Out Twisted RitesYou Must Join Out Twisted RitesThe Priests Eyes GleamBlood On Their Scepters Of FleshBlood On Their Scepters Of FleshThe Nubile Virgin BowsAwait The Piercing ThrustShe Awaits the Piercing ThrustPerverse RitesPriests Of Sodom PresideWe Are DamnedPraise The Gods Of SinHer Walls Are BurningGrinding The Staff Of The PriestsSluts Grinding The Staff Of The PriestsThe CongregationRevel In Sins Of The FleshWhores From The TempleServing Shamanic DesireThey Are Serving Shamanic DesireDeviant Bodies WrithingSlick With The Fluids Of LustThey Are Slick With The Fluids Of LustPerverse RitesPriests Of Sodom PresideWe Are DamnedImmortal LustWicked Legions Come ForthDefile The PureStatues Of Demons Glisten With SweatThe Orgy Intensifies, Violence BeginsFlagellate Sluts With Serpentine WhipsThey Raise Their Blades To Throats Of Their MenClimax Approaches And The Blood Will SpillSexual Sacrifice, Mutilation And DeathMurderPriests Of SodomPriests Of SodomPriests Of SodomPriests Of SodomPriests Of SodomPerverse RitesPriests Of Sodom PresideWe Are DamnedImmortal LustWicked Legions Come ForthDefile The purehttp://music.baidu.com/song/25088689
2023-07-09 11:34:551

神圣用英语怎么说?

问题一:神圣用英语怎么说? holy 多用来形容上帝啊,sacred是说神权之类的。 形容普通人inviolable people就可以了。 麻烦采纳,谢谢! 问题二:神圣一词用英语怎么说 sacred: [ "seikrid ] a. 神圣的 词形变化: 副词:sacredly 名词:sacredness 例句与用法: 1. Nothing is sacred to these wild youths. 这些狂野的年轻人什么都不尊重。 2. In India the cow is a sacred animal. 在印度,牛是神圣的动物。 3. Let"s not make a sacred cow of the monarchy. 咱们别把君主政体奉若神明. 4. Her marriage is sacred to her. 她认为自己的婚姻至高无上. 问题三:“神圣的”的英文翻译 1. sacred 2. consecrate 3. heavenly 4. holy 5. inviolable 6. divine 7. blest 1. 在印度,牛是神圣的动物。 In India the cow is a sacred animal. 2. 在这些孩子的眼里, 父亲的书房是最神圣的地方. To the children, their father"s study was the holy of holies. 3. 我可告诉你,在那个神圣的日子里不许打猎或搞娱乐活动消遣。 I charge you not to hunt or recreate your selves on that sacred day. 4. 魔力,神力被认为是寓于某个人或某件神圣的物件中的超自然力量 A supernatural force believed to dwell in a person or sacred object. 问题四:神圣牧师用英语怎么说???? 神圣的 Sacred 牧师 pastor 即Sacred pastor 或者是神圣的Holy 牧师 priests Holy priests 问题五:未来英文怎么拼,神圣的英文怎么拼 你好。未来 翻译成英语是:future。神圣 翻译成英语是:sacred。 ――――――希望帮到你,满意请采纳。 问题六:神圣的最高级用英语怎么说 sacred
2023-07-09 11:35:021

Panis Angelicus 歌词

歌曲名:Panis Angelicus歌手:The Priests专辑:Then Sings My Soul: The Best of The PriestsPanis angelicusFit panis hominumDat panis coelicusFiguris terminumO res mirabilisManducat cominum.Pauper, pauperServus et humilisPauper, pauperServus et humilisPanis angelicusFit panis hominumDat panis coelicusfiguris terminumO res mirabilisManducat dominumPauper, pauperServus et humilisPauper, pauperServus et humilisPanis angelicusFit panis hominumDat panis coelicusFiguris terminumO res mirabilisManducat dominumPauper, pauperServus et humilisPauper, pauperServus, servus et humilishttp://music.baidu.com/song/13983778
2023-07-09 11:35:091

神圣牧师用英语怎么说????

Sacred pastor
2023-07-09 11:35:272

Andre Rieu的《Benedictus》 歌词

BenedictusThe PriestsThe PriestsBenedictus歌手:The PriestsBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictus天主教弥撒中所用之简短赞美诗或乐曲(因起首词为"Benedictus"而得名)~music~荣耀归主~HosannainexcelsisHosannainexcelsisHosanna Hosannainexcelsis~music~BenedictusBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiBenedictusBenedictusquivenitnomineDominiquivenitnomineDomini~荣耀归主~http://music.baidu.com/song/10317870
2023-07-09 11:35:351

英语。。

这个真不是很清楚你还是问问我的小伙伴吧!
2023-07-09 11:35:445

who could it be英语作文

It can"t be a temple-but it could be a calendar.Every year,thousands of tourists from all over the world visit Stonehenge.This is not only one of England"s most famous historical places,but also one of its greatest mysteries.Why was it built?For along time,historians believed that Stonehenge was a temple where special priests priests prayed to ancient earth gods.However,historian Paul Stoker thinks this isn"t true."Stonehenge can"t be a temple,"he says,"because those priests didn"t arrive in England until a few hundred years BC.And we know that Stonehenge was built many,many centuries earlier than that ."Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar.This is because the large stones have been put in position so that on a midsummer"s morning,the sun"s rays go directly into the center.And some people believe it was used to predict an eclipse of the sun.Again ,no one is sure what Stonehenge was used for,but most historians agree that the positian of the stones must be for a special purpose.There are other ideas,too.Some historians think it might be a burial place,or a place,to honor ancestors.Others think that it was built to celebate a great victory over an enemy.
2023-07-09 11:36:131

死海文书的来源及作者?

《死海文书》中英文全文对照(经文卷轴) 英文译本: Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (8) 1.until sunset on the eighth day. And concerning [the impurity] of 2.the [dead] person we are of the opinion that every bone, whether it 3.has its flesh on it or not--should be (treated) according to the law of the dead or the slain. 4.And concerning the mixed marriages that are being performed among the people, and they are sons of holy [seed], 5.as is written, Israel is holy. And concerning his (Israel"s) [clean] animal 6.it is written that one must not let it mate with another species, and concerning his clothes [it is written that they should not] 7.be of mixed stuff; and one must not sow his field and vineyard with mixed species. 8.Because they (Israel) are holy, and the sons of Aaron are [most holy.] 9.But you know that some of the priests and [the laity intermingle] 10.[And they] adhere to each other and pollute the holy seed 11.as well as their (i.e. the priests") own [seed] with corrupt women. Since [the sons of Aaron should...] 中文译本: 权威的古犹太礼法: 直到第8日的日落时分,我们认为每个人的尸体都是不洁的。 不管尸体还有没有肉,它都必须被认作已经追随了死亡或凶手的法律。 已构成婚姻的人们,他们都是圣种之子,这样,上帝的选民(译者注:即犹太人)是神圣的。 上帝选民的圣洁的动物,不能让它们与其他种类交配。上帝选民的衣物,不能让它与其他材料交织。上帝选民的土地和葡萄园,不能播种其他的东西。 因为上帝选民是神圣的,他是最神圣的亚伦之子(译者注:亚伦,摩西之兄,犹太教第一祭司长)。 但你知道一些僧侣与俗人结合,他们互相附着,僧侣和腐坏的女人在一起,亵渎了僧侣神圣的种子。直到亚伦的儿子门必须(译者注:经文卷轴至此破残) 《死海文书》中英文全文对照(历法卷轴) 英文译本: 1.[on the first {day} in {the week of} Jedaiah {which falls} on the tw]elfth in it {the seventh month}. On the second {day} in {the week of} Abiah {which falls} on the twenty- f[ifth in the eighth {month}; and duqah {is} on the third] {day} 2.[in {the week of} Miyamin {which falls} on the twelfth] in it {the eighth <br/>month}. On the third {day} in {the week of} Jaqim {which falls} on the twen[ty-fourth in the ninth {month}; and duqah {is} on the fourth] {day} 3.[in {the week of} Shekania {which falls} on the eleven]th in it {the ninth <br/>month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Immer {which falls} on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth {month}; and duqah {is} on the sixth {day} in {the <br/>week of} Je]shbeab {which falls} 4.[on the tenth in] it {the tenth month}. On the [si]xth {day} in {the week of} Jehezkel {which falls} on the twenty-second in the eleventh month [and duqah {is <br/>on the} Sabbath in] {the week of} Petahah {which falls} 5.[on the ninth in it {the eleventh month}]. On the first {day} in {the week of} Joiarib {which falls} on the t[w]enty-second in the twelfth month; and [duqah {is} on the seco]nd {day} in {the week of} Delaiah {which falls} 6.[on the ninth in it {the twelfth month}. vacat The] se[cond] {year}: The first {month}. On the sec[on]d {day} in {the week of} Malakiah {which falls} on the tw[entieth in it {the first month}; and] duqah {is} 7.[on the third {day} in {the week of} Harim {which falls} on the seventh] in it {the first month}. On the fou[r]th {day} in {the week of} Jeshua {which falls} [on] the twentieth in the second {month}; and [duqah {is} on the fifth {day} in {the week of]} Haqqos {which falls} on the seventh 8.[in it {the second month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Huppah {which <br/>falls} on the nine]teenth in the third {month}; and duqa[h] {is} on the six[th {day} in {the week of} Happisses {which falls}
2023-07-09 11:36:291

在龙枪编年史和黑暗精灵三部曲中有没有“注”?

好像没有
2023-07-09 11:36:363

缁怎么读音是什么

拼音:[zī][释义]黑色:~衣。~帷。~素(a.黑和白;b.借指僧人和俗人,因僧尼穿黑衣,而白衣是平常人穿的衣服)。~黄(指和尚与道士)。
2023-07-09 11:36:431

新巴比伦用英语怎么说 新巴比伦英语翻译?

新巴比伦的英语可以这样说:Rivers of Babylon,还网络中常译为”Babylonian”,在《荷林斯英英小词典》中,共找到89个与新巴比伦相关的释义和例句。1. Makimura! As for the love of babylon!2. Forgive me. Cosmo Babylonia?3. This is the biggest project of the century.4. This was the opposite of Babylon.5. “Babylon has fallen, has fallen!”6. …and it"s a pleasure to welcome you to Hotel Babylon.7. The Babylonian cylinder is written by the priests of the great god of Bablyon, Marduk.译文:圆柱上的巴比伦语 是由信奉巴比伦的马杜克的 祭祀写就的 。8. Go back to Babylon, you whore!9. This is… the show"s biggest babylon…10. Babylonian, Baal, Egyptian…11. it is Babylon, Cosmo Babylon.12. And what happened to Babylon?13. God is bringing disaster from Babylon.自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:https://www.87dh.com/xl/
2023-07-09 11:37:021

帮忙翻一下,谢谢!

(1)持牌人或与我们作伴的人中、立基督教的部长们和祭司啊, (2)犹太祭司的说法 (3)人宗教组织的人员,谁是由授权的组织行为;结婚仪式。 (4)最高法院的法官,法官刑事上诉案件法院的法官,民事法院的法官呼吁,区、县和审裁处法院的法官在郡法庭律法。法庭的国内关系和少年法庭,治安法官的和平,联邦法院的审判官的状态。 根据第1节1.81分部,家庭代码,有效的4月11日,1985年。 这个结婚证书年底期满之日起30天发行。
2023-07-09 11:37:102

pime 什么意思

到底是pime 还是prime?
2023-07-09 11:37:194

"犹太"的英文是什么

Judah
2023-07-09 11:37:262

法师用英语怎么说?

顺手采纳答案法师的英语是mage例句:法师和牧师不再拥有武器格档技能了!Mages and priests no longer receive the parry skill.
2023-07-09 11:37:341

世纪文学经典:《百年孤独》第9章Part 1

COLONEL GERINELDO MáRQUEZ was the first to perceive the emptiness of the war. In his position as civil and military leader of Macondo he would have telegraphic conversations ice a week with Colonel Aure-liano Buendía. At first those exchanges would determine the course of a flesh-and-blood war the perfectly defined outlines of which told them at any moment the exact spot -where it was and the prediction of its future direction. Although he never let himself be pulled into the area of confidences not even by his closest friends Colonel Aureli-ano Buendía still had at that time the familiar tone that made it possible to identify him at the other end of the wire. Many times he would prolong the talk beyond the expected limit and let them drift into ments of a domestic nature. Little by little however and as the war became more intense and widespread his image was fading away into a universe of unreality. The characteristics of his speech were more and more uncertain and they cam together and bined to form words that were gradually losing all meaning. Colonel Gerineldo Márquez limited himself then to just listening burdened by the impression that he was in telegraphic contact with a stranger from another world. "I understand Aureli-ano " he would conclude on the key. "Long live the Liberal party!" He finally lost all contact with the war. What in other times had been a real activity an irresistible passion of his youth became a remote point of reference for him: an emptiness. His only refuge was Amaranta"s sewing room. He would visit her every afternoon. He liked to watch her hands as she curled frothy petticoat cloth in the machine that was kept in motion by Remedios the Beauty. They spent many hours without speaking content with their reciprocal pany but while Amaranta was inwardly pleased in keeping the fire of his devotion alive he was unaware of the secret designs of that indecipherable heart. When the news of his return reached her Amaranta had been *** othered by anxiety. But when she saw him enter the house in the middle of Colonel Aureli-ano Buendía"s noisy escort and she saw how he had been mistreated by the rigors of exile made old by age and oblivion dirty with sweat and dust *** elling like a herd ugly with his left arm in a sling she felt faint with disillusionment. "My God " she thought. "This wasn"t the person I was waiting for." On the following day however he came back to the house shaved and clean with his mustache perfumed with lavender water and without the bloody sling. He brought her a prayerbook bound in mother-of-pearl. "How strange men are " she said because she could not think of anything else to say. "They spend their lives fighting against priests and then give prayerbooks as gifts." From that time on even during the most critical days of the war he visited her every afternoon. Many times when Remedios the Beauty was not present it was he who turned the wheel on the sewing machine. Amaranta felt upset by the perseverance the loyalty the submissiveness of that man who was invested with so much authority and who nevertheless took off his sidearm in the living room so that he could go into the sewing room without weapons But for four years he kept repeating his love and she would always find a way to reject him without hurting him for even though she had not succeeded in loving him she could no longer live without him. Remedios the Beauty who seemed indifferent to everything and who was thought to be mentally retarded was not insensitive to so much devotion and she intervened in Colonel Gerineldo Márquez"s favor. Amaranta suddenly discovered that the girl she had raised who was just entering adolescence was already the most beautiful creature that had even been seen in Macondo. She felt reborn in her heart the rancor that she had felt in other days for Rebeca and begging God not to impel her into the extreme state of wishing her dead she banished her from the sewing room. It was around that time that Colonel Gerineldo Márquez began to feel the boredom of the war. He summoned his reserves of persuasion his broad and repressed tenderness ready to give up for Amaranta a glory that had cost him the sacrifice of his best years. But he could not succeed in convincing her. One August afternoon overe by the unbearable weight of her own obstinacy Amaranta locked herself in her bedroom to weep over her solitude unto death after giving her final answer to her tenacious suitor:"Let"s fet about each other forever " she told him. "We"re too old for this sort of thing now." Colonel Gerineldo Márquez had a telegraphic call from Colonel Aureli-ano Buendía that afternoon. It was a routine conversation which was not going to bring about any break in the stagnant war. At the end Colonel Gerineldo Márquez looked at the desolate streets the crystal water on the almond trees and he found himself lost in solitude. "Aureli-ano " he said sadly on the key "it"s raining in Macondo."
2023-07-09 11:38:131

神父的英文名称是什么

Godfather
2023-07-09 11:38:234

翻译下面这段文字

最早期的移居者走向北美洲大陆建立是从控制解脱存在在欧洲社会的殖民地。他们想逃脱控制被安置在他们的生活由国王和政府, 教士和教会、贵族和贵族。历史决定由那些第一个移居者做出有一个深刻作用在塑造美国字符。由限制政府和教会的力量和消灭一个正式贵族政府, 他们创造了重点是在个体自由的气候。个人自由大概是最基本的所有美国价值。由"自由", 美国人意味所有个体的欲望和能力控制他们自己的命运没有外部干涉从政府、ruling 高尚的类、教会, 或其他组织的当局。
2023-07-09 11:38:461

研究生英语读写译《western culture》翻译

所有这一切意味着什么,我们的文化走向一个新的方式开展业务,特别是其重要的业务。其话语的性质变化之间的界线是什么商业和什么是不是越来越难看到日新月异。u2022祭司和总统,我们的医生和律师我们的教育工作者,和新的scasters需要担心的不是满足他们的纪律要求比好的技巧的要求。u2022hadirving柏林改变了他的著名歌曲标题一个字,他会一直为预言,但更简洁,作为上。他只需要写:没有但演艺事业。
2023-07-09 11:39:241

各位好心人,帮帮我翻译下面的文章吧,真的谢谢大家了!

男士服装在早期拜占庭上阶级的男子穿的衣服一个罗马的影响。服装是分层的隐蔽。首先是内衣-长袖,紧配合,ankle-or膝长度白色上衣。一个dalmatika-长袍宽袖,可以佩戴在外衣或取代它。如此命名是因为它的dalmatika达尔马提亚起源,是由红色和金材料。直到公元第六世纪的袍子穿的是最拜占庭公民,但后来只有领事可以穿它,它取代了一个斗篷。有三种风格的斗篷,所有的罗马起源。查士丁尼是描绘穿着第一-一个简单的矩形的织物,地板的长度时,包裹周围的肩膀上镶嵌在教堂的圣维塔利,拉文纳。一个半圆形角,固定在肩膀也穿。一个圆形角-很像罗马带风帽大氅-缝前端有一个开放的头,有时可拆卸罩。另一个替代的官服是希腊栉,这往往是与方形的绣织物称为tablion。在第五和第六世纪中类男人穿的。这种特色装饰领口和长于外套穿的朝臣。祭司和贵族也穿着一件披肩。虽然这股相同名称的罗马斗篷,这是完全不同的,是一个带精美的装饰布,约20厘米(8)宽,这是缠在了脖子。在他们的外衣男子还穿着浩沙(羊毛织物软管)或布雷科(短裤)。从第六世纪开始穿着抽屉或裤子。劳动者穿着马裤,他们藏到及膝靴,由大腿放牧外衣和踝长度的斗篷,用简单的,纯羊毛。希望能帮到你!:-)↖(^ω^)↗
2023-07-09 11:39:321

英语试题

   二、阅读理解满分训练  Sundays in New York can be very pleasant. Since Saturday nights are traditionally party nights, Sunday mornings are traditionally mornings of rest, which means having a long sleep. We stay in bed until 9, 10 or even 11 o"clock is not unusual, then jump out of bed, put on clothes, run to the nearest corner news agency, buy the New York Times or Daily News, return home, put some lassical music or popular songs on the record player, climb right back into bed to read the paper. If the weather is bad, you might immediately turn to the Entertainment part of the paper to see what movies are on. Sunday afternoons are a popular time for seeing a film, but movies are expensive in New York, so choosing takes time and care. Read the movie reviews to discover what the critics (评论家) think. No one wants to make an expensive mistake. But if the weather is good, you might go through the part which lists outdoor activities. Almost every Sunday there are “street fairs (集市)”. There will be food for sale made by local people or restaurants; hand-made things for sale; music offered by a local band; and perhaps dancing. If the fair is in Little Italy, you can expect (期待) to find tasty Italian food. And if the day is really warm, a walk through Central Park can offer many sights, sounds and smells. Groups of people go around the park, enjoy different activities and are often looking for others to join in. There will be pick-up baseball games; singing under the trees; dancing near a famous monument; boating on the lake. If you are a student and live at home, you have probably spent your day in this way, putting off (推迟) your study until the sun goes down. If you are a student living away from home, it"s also likely that you"ve done the same because generally most New Yorkers save Sundays for playing. Call too early and you"ll wake us up; call too late and you"ll find us out.  1.The writer says that New Yorkers go to bed late on __________.  A. Wednesday nights  B. Friday nights  C. Saturday nights  D. Sunday nights  2.To choose a good movie, the writer suggests that _______.  A. you find out the latest movie  B. you look up in the newspaper  C. you check which one gets good reviews  D. you ask those who have already seen it  3.Which of the following does NOT the street fair offer?  A. Local and foreign food  B. Sports and games  C. Things made by hand  D. Music and dancing  4.We can learn from the passage that _________.  A. you can only find outdoor activities in the newspapers  B. a student living alone in New York prefers to study on Sundays  C. most New Yorkers would spend Sundays with their families  D. it"s not a good idea to call New Yorkers on Sundays  三、阅读与表达专项训练  Think of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air. You name them work, family, health, friends and spirit (精神) and you keep all of them in the air. You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce (弹跳) back. But the other four balls, family, health, friends and spirit, are made of glasses. If you drop one of these, they will be broken. They will never be the same. You must understand that and try to have balance in your life. How? Don"t look down on your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different and each of us is special. Don"t let other people set goals for you. Only you know what is best for yourself. Don"t give up when you still have something to give. Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying. Don"t be afraid to fight difficulties. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave. Don"t shut love out of your life by saying it"s impossible. The quickest way to receive love is to give it; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; the best way to keep love is to give it wings.  Don"t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you"ve been, but also where you are going.  Don"t be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless. It"s a treasure (珍宝) you can always carry easily. Don"t use time or words carelessly. You can"t get them back. Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery (秘密), and today is a gift: that"s why we call it “the present”.  1. What are the five balls of life?  2. What"s the best way to keep love?  3. What"s the meaning of the underlined sentence in English?  4. What"s the best title of the passage? 一、翻译句子  1. 今天我们的作业很多,你最好先做作业。  _______________________________________________________________  2. 你能告诉我如何使用这本字典吗?  _______________________________________________________________  3. 电影《手机》太有趣了,我一连看了三遍。  _______________________________________________________________  4. 我觉得Jack明天不会和我们去郊游,他近来太忙了。  _______________________________________________________________  5. 我既不喜欢牛肉也不喜欢猪肉,但我非常喜欢吃鱼。  _______________________________________________________________  6. 她早上两点钟才关上电视机。  _______________________________________________________________  7. 妈妈刚一进屋,Jack就关上了计算机,拿起一本书。  _______________________________________________________________  8. 你最好带上雨伞,外面正下大雨呢。  _______________________________________________________________  9. 她遇到了很大的麻烦,让我们帮助她吧。  _______________________________________________________________  10.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗?  _______________________________________________________________  二、阅读理解满分训练  The Mayan(玛雅的)Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s. The Mayan achievements were many. They had farms, beautiful palaces, and cities with many buildings. The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding(值得的). Knowledge about tools and farming, for example, made their work easier and more productive.  The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun gods, and corn gods. The people built large temples to honor the Mayan gods. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was difficult for them to build these cities, because they had no horses to carry the heavy stone they used to build with. Workers had to carry all of the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.  Although the cities that the Maya built were beautiful, and the people worked hard to build them, very few of the people lived in them. Usually, only the priests(牧师)lived in the cities.  The other people lived in small villages in the forests. Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate buildings in the cities. They lived in small huts(小屋)with no windows. The walls were made of poles covered with dried mud, and the roof was made of grass or leaves. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.  The Mayan priests studied the Sun, the Moon, stars, and planets. They made a calendar from what they learned. The year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calendar was far more exact than the European calendars of the time.  Around the year 800, the Maya left their villages and beautiful cities, never to return. No one knows why this happened. They may have died from some disease. They may have left because the soil could no longer grow crops. Archaeologists(考古学家)are still trying to find the lost secrets of the Maya.  1.What does the underlined word “elaborate"" mean?  A. easily built  B. carefully made  C. slowly fixed  D. quickly designed  2.From the passage we can infer(推理)that .  A. most Maya lived in beautiful cities  B. many Mayan cities and temples are still standing  C. the Maya were intelligent and culturally rich people  D. the Mayan calendar was the same as European calendars  3.Why it is said that the Mayan people lived a better life than most people of that time?  A. They had better building skills and housing conditions  B. They believed in many gods, and honored the Mayan gods  C. They had knowledge about tools and faming  D. They studied about nature and the world around them  4. What can be the best title for this article?  A. Mayan Gods  B. Mayan Buildings  C. Productive Maya  D. Mysterious Maya 
2023-07-09 11:39:411

底本学说的学说简介

底本假说-文献假说(DH),有时也被称为威尔豪森(Wellhausen)假说,是一门假设《摩西五经》(圣经旧约前五部,亦即创世纪(Genesis)、出埃及记(Exodus)、利未记(Leviticus)申命记(Deuteronomy)和民数记(Numbers)五部)是被一些编纂者(编者)将原来独立的、平行的、完整的叙事材料合并处理到现存的形式的学说。这些叙事材料通常来说被分为四部分,但准确的数字对于该假说并不是最重要的。在18,19世纪,人们尝试调和圣经文本中的矛盾,因而底本假说得到发展。在十九世纪末,学者普遍同意《摩西五经》的最终形式是由一系列编纂者将四份源材料组合而成的。这四份材料被称为耶和华材料——亦即以Yahwist/Jahwist(耶和华,德语中J的发音等同于英语中的Y)的头字母;E材料——Elohist的头字母(来源于在希伯来圣经中常被用来称呼上帝的复数名字Elohim);D材料——来源于《申命记》Deuteronomy的头字母;以及P材料,祭司派材料(Priestly) 。朱利乌斯.威尔豪森(Julius Wellhausen,基督教神学家、圣经学者)的贡献,是按时间顺序将四份材料排序为JEDP。这样的排序使四份材料在以色列的宗教历史发展过程中连贯呈现其相应时期,同时这四份材料的发展也被认为是祭司派的力量不断增强的过程。在威尔豪森看来,《圣经》的来源材料按时间顺序排列如下:· 耶和华材料(耶和华材料):创作时间:公元前950年左右;创作地点:南方犹大王国;· E材料(以罗欣材料):创作时间:公元前850年左右;创作地点:北方以色列王国;· D材料(申命记材料):创作时间:公元前600年左右;创作地点:正在进行宗教改革的耶路撒冷(南方犹大王国);· P材料(祭司派材料):创作时间:公元前500年左右,“巴比伦之囚”时期;创作者:Kohanim(犹太人的祭司);注:a/b:南方犹大王国/北方以色列王国:所罗门王死后,古犹大王国分裂为南北两部分,北方王国被称为以色列王国;南方王国被称为犹大王国。北方王国于公元前721年为亚述帝国灭亡;南方王国于公元前583年为巴比伦王国灭亡。c:巴比伦之囚:巴比伦囚虏或巴比伦之囚是指古犹太人被掳往巴比伦的历史事件。公元前597年和前586年,犹大王国两度被新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撒二世征服,大批犹太富人、工匠、祭司、王室成员和平民上万人被掳往巴比伦,并囚禁于巴比伦城。前538年,波斯国王居鲁士大帝灭巴比伦后,被囚掳的犹太人才获准返回家园。d:Kohamnim:又称“Cohen“,在《摩西五经》中专指祭司,无论该祭司是犹太人与否。例如在《列王记下》第十章第十九节中,曾被用于描写巴比伦人崇拜的巴力神的祭司。“Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants, and all his priests”此处的“Priest”在希伯来原文中便使用了“Kohamnim”一词。虽然此假说不断地受到其他理论模型的批判与挑战 ,尤其在20世纪后期,但是此学说中的术语和见解仍不断为现代神学研究“混合性”(区别于分清的神人二性)、《摩西五经》的起源 以及对《圣经》的编译工作提供了框架。
2023-07-09 11:40:151

涨溢的拼音

涨溢的汉语拼音是:[zhàng yì]。涨溢的意思是:意思是水流上涨泛滥,多指洪涝灾害。喻人的感情越来越激动。光的深度增大,好似要溢出来。词语涨溢基本解释:水流上涨泛滥。旧题唐柳宗元《龙城录·赵昱斩蛟》:“时嘉陵涨溢,水势汹然。”《金史·马讽传》:“境有河曰八尺口,每秋潦涨溢害民田,讽视地高下,疏决之,其患遂息。”喻人的感情激动。词语涨溢详细解释:水流上涨泛滥。旧题 唐 柳宗元 《龙城录·赵昱斩蛟》:“时 嘉陵 涨溢,水势汹然。”《金史·马讽传》:“境有河曰 八尺口 ,每秋潦涨溢害民田, 讽 视地高下,疏决之,其患遂息。”喻人的感情激动。郭沫若 《落叶·第一信》:“想到这里,心里便涨溢起来,好像要破的一样。”词语涨溢双向解释(汉英词典,英汉词典):你得泉源岂可涨溢在外?你的河水岂可流在街上?Should your springs be scattered abroad, streams of water in the streets?看哪,主有一大能大力者,像一阵冰雹,像毁灭的暴风,像涨溢的大水,他必用手将冠冕摔落于地。Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand.当祭司踏出信心的第一步,走到涨溢的河里,河水就在他们面前分开。When the priests took the first step of faith into the flooded river, the water began to open up in front of them.
2023-07-09 11:40:281

翻译,要人工翻译谢谢。 Temple Church Featuring in the novel

2023-07-09 11:40:531

翻译:The Celtic people, who lived more than 2000 years ago feared the evening of Oct. 31 more than

生活在2千年以前凯尔特人,将10月31日视为一年中最恐怖的日子。这天是夏末节的前夜。夏末节食一个庆祝丰收的节日,标志着送旧迎新的一年的开始。这天是人们表达对太阳神的敬意,它为人们在冬天到来之前带来了成熟的粮食。到了晚上恶魔的灵魂到处都是。符咒和咒语在夏末节前夜更有力量。一些宗教仪式由凯尔特祭司主持,来平息死亡之神。
2023-07-09 11:41:113