gitcloud-
by
prep.
Close to; next to:
接近；靠近：
the window by the door.
靠近门的窗户
With the use or help of; through:
借助于；通过：
We came by the back road.
我们从后面的小路而来
Up to and beyond; past:
超过超出和在前面；超出：
We drove by the house.
我们驶过了这所房屋
In the period of; during:
在…期间；在…中间：
sleeping by day.
在白天睡觉
Not later than:
不迟于：
by 5:30 p.m.
不迟于 下午5:30
In the amount of:
以…计的：
letters by the thousands.
数以千计的信件
To the extent of:
达到…程度：
shorter by two inches.
短了两英寸
According to:
按照,根据：
played by the rules.
按规则比赛
With respect to:
相关,就…来说：
siblings by blood.
嫡系亲属
In the name of:
以…的名义：
swore by the Bible to tell the truth.
对圣经发誓说真话
Through the agency or action of:
被通过某种行为或动作：
was killed by a bullet.
被子弹击毙
Used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities:
一个一个地用于表示一系列的特定个体、组或数量：
One by one they left. They were persuaded little by little.
他们一个接一个地离去了.他们渐渐被说服了
Used in multiplication and division:
乘,除用于乘法和除法：
Multiply 4 by 6 to get 24.
4乘6得24
Used with measurements:
用于度量：
a room 12 by 18 feet.
12英尺宽,18英尺长的房间
Used to express direction with points of the compass:
用于表示某一范围内的方位：
south by southeast.
东南偏南
by
adv.
On hand; nearby:
旁边手边；就近的：
Stand by.
站在旁边
Aside; away:
一边；搁置：
We put it by for later.
我们把它放置一边,以后再说
Up to, alongside, and past:
超出,沿着,过去：
The car raced by.
汽车奔驰而过
Into the past:
流逝：
as years go by.
随着年月流逝
on
prep.
Used to indicate position above and supported by or in contact with:
在…上用于表示在…上及被…支撑或与…接触的位置：
The vase is on the table. We rested on our hands and knees.
花瓶在桌子上.我们把头靠在手和膝盖上休息
Used to indicate contact with or extent over (a surface) regardless of position:
在…上面表示不考虑位置接触或在某一表面上：
a picture on the wall; a rash on my back.
墙上挂着的一幅画；我背上长的疹子
Used to indicate location at or along:
表示位于或沿着：
the pasture on the south side of the river; a house on the highway.
河岸南边的牧场；高速公路边的房子
Used to indicate proximity:
表示接近：
a town on the border.
靠近边界的一个市镇
Used to indicate attachment to or suspension from:
表示附在…上或悬于…：
beads on a string.
细绳上悬的珠子
Used to indicate figurative or abstract position:
用以表示比喻的或抽象的位置：
on the young side, but experienced; on her third beer; stopped on chapter two.
相当年轻,但经验十足；在她喝第三杯啤酒时；到第二章为止
Used to indicate actual motion toward, against, or onto:
向…,朝…用于表示实际的动作朝向,对着…或在…上：
jumped on the table; the march on Washington.
跳到桌子上；向华盛顿的进军
Used to indicate figurative or abstract motion toward, against, or onto:
向…,在…上用于表示比喻或抽象的运动的朝向,对着…或在…之上：
going on six o"clock; came on the answer by accident.
到快六点了；偶然找到了答案
Used to indicate occurrence at a given time:
用于表示事件发生在某指定的时间：
on July third; every hour on the hour.
在七月三日这一天；时时刻刻
Used to indicate the particular occasion or circumstance:
用以表示某一特定场合：
On entering the room, she saw him.
她一进这个房间便看到了他
Used to indicate the object affected by actual, perceptible action:
对着用于表示实际的、能察觉到的行为影响到的目标：
The spotlight fell on the actress. He knocked on the door.
聚光灯把光集中打到女演员身上；他敲门
Used to indicate the object affected by a figurative action:
针对用于表示一个想象的行动影响到的目标：
Have pity on them.
可怜他们吧
Used to indicate the object of an action directed, tending, or moving against it:
向着,对着用于表示行动指导、朝向或移向的目标：
an attack on the fortress.
对城堡的袭击
Used to indicate the object of perception or thought:
思考的事物用于表示感觉和思想的对象：
gazed on the vista; meditated on his actions.
注视着风景；策划他的行动
Used to indicate the agent or agency of a specified action:
行为的原因或动力用于表示对某一特定行为起作用或对某一行为有帮助的东西：
cut his foot on the broken glass; talked on the telephone.
碎玻璃把他的脚扎破了；通过电话聊天
Used to indicate a medicine or other corrective taken or undertaken routinely:
服用用于表示有规律或经常性服用的药物或矫正性行为：
went on a strict diet.
进行严格的食疗
Used to indicate a substance that is the cause of an addiction, a habit, or an altered state of consciousness:
由于引上瘾、习惯或意识状态改变的物质：
high on dope.
因吸毒而陷入沉醉状态
Used to indicate a source or basis:
根据用于表示来源或基础：
揥e will reach our judgments not on intentions or on promises but on deeds and on results?Margaret Thatcher)
“我们将根据事实和结果而不是目的或诺言来作出判断”(玛格丽特·撒切尔)
Used to indicate the state or process of:
表示…的状态或过程：
on leave; on fire; on the way.
休假；着火；在途中
Used to indicate the purpose of:
表…的意图：
travel on business.
商务旅行
Used to indicate a means of conveyance:
表示运送方式：
ride on a train.
坐火车
Used to indicate availability by means of:
表示可利用的方法表示用…方式获取：
beer on tap; a physician on call.
随时可取用的啤酒；随时待命的大夫
Used to indicate belonging to:
表归属：
a nurse on the hospital staff.
在医院就职的护士
Used to indicate addition or repetition:
表示增加或重复：
heaped error on error.
错上加错
Concerning; about:
涉及；关于：
a book on astronomy.
有关天文学的书籍
Concerning and to the disadvantage of:
关于且不利于：
We have some evidence on him.
我们有一些不利于他的证据
Informal
【非正式用语】
In one"s possession; with:
拥有；带着：
I haven"t a cent on me.
我一分钱都没带
At the expense of; compliments of:
以…为代价；恭维：
drinks on the house.
免费的饮料
on
adv.
In or into a position or condition of being supported by or in contact with something:
在…加上在或进入受到某物支撑或与某物相接触的位置或状态：
Put the coffee on.
增加咖啡
In or into a position of being attached to or covering something:
附着,遮盖在或进入到被连接或覆盖某物的位置上：
Put your clothes on.
穿上你的衣服
In the direction of something:
在某事物的方向上：
He looked on while the ship docked.
船入码头时他一直在观看
Toward or at a point lying ahead in space or time; forward:
向前向前或位于空间或时间之前：
The play moved on to the next city.
剧组转移到下一个城市演出
At or to a more distant point in time or space:
稍后地在或向时间或空间上更远的一点：
I"ll do it later on.
我稍后会做这件事
In a continuous course:
继续在连续的过程中：
He worked on quietly.
他一直默默地工作着
In or into performance or operation:
执行,运作处于或进入执行或运行中：
Turn on the radio.
打开收音机
In progress or action; in a state of activity:
进展,继续在进展或行动中；在运行状态下：
The show must go on.
演出必须继续下去
In or at the present position or condition:
位于或在现状或现存的条件下：
stay on; hang on.
维持现状；别挂电话
In a condition of being scheduled for or decided upon:
依照原定计划地在预先安排或已决定的状态下：
There is a party on tonight.
今晚要举行一个聚会
on
adj.
Being in operation:
在运行中的：
The television is on.
电视机是开着的
Engaged in a given function or activity, such as a vocal or dramatic role:
从事某项活动的起作用的或参于某项活动,如演唱或戏剧中的角色：
You"re on in five minutes!
五分钟后你该上场表演了
Under or behaving as if under observation:
受注意的在注意下的或好象在注意下行动的：
A minister is always on.
部长的行为总在被大众注意着
Slang
【俚语】
Functioning or performing at a high degree of competence or energy:
表现优越的以高程度或能量起作用或执行的：
The goalie is really on.
守门员表现出色
Planned; intended:
计划的,本意的：
Our calendar is open; we have nothing on for this weekend.
我们日程表是空的；这个周末我们没有什么计划
Happening; taking place:
发生的；出现的：
The parade is on.
游行在进行
be on to Slang
To be aware of or have information about:
知道,意识到意识到…或知道…的情况：
You"ll never deceive us again; we"re on to you.
你再也骗不了我们了；我们已识破了你的诡计
on and off
Intermittently.
间断地,持续地
on and on
Without stopping; continuously.
无间断地；连续不断地
Middle English
中古英语
fromOld English an, on
源自古英语 an, on
*See Also : an- In Appendix
To indicate motion toward a position, both on and onto can be used:
表示朝某一位置的移动时, on和 on to都可以使用：
The cat jumped on the table.
The cat jumped on the table .
The cat jumped onto the table. Ontois more specific, however, in indicating that the motion was initiated from an outside point. He wandered onto the battlefield means that he began his wandering at some point off the battlefield. He wandered on the battlefield may mean that his wandering began on the battlefield. ?In constructions where on is an adverb attached to a verb, it should not be joined with to to form the single word onto:
The cat jumped onto the table.Onto更具体,但表示的动作是从外面一点开始的. He wandered onto the battlefield指他是从战场外面一点开始漫游的. He wandered on the battlefield可能意为是在战场上他开始漫游的.当 on在结构上作为连接动词的副词时,不应该和 to连接在一起形成一个单独的词onto：
move on to (not onto) new subjects;
转移到（而不是 onto)新的课题 ；
hold on to (not onto) our gains. ?In their uses to indicate spatial relations, on and upon are often interchangeable:
保住（而不是 onto) 我们的成果.在用于表示空间的关系上, on和 upon经常可以互换：
It was resting on (or upon) two supports.
它基于（或 upon)两点证明.
She took it on (or upon) herself to finish the project.
她独立（或 upon)完成了项目.
We saw a finch light on (or upon) a bough.To indicate a relation between two things, however, instead of between an action and an end point, uponcannot always be used:
我们看到树枝上停着（或 upon) 一只麻雀.但在表示两件事物之间的关系而不是表示一种行为和行为终点之间的关系时, upon不总是能被使用：
Hand me the book on (not upon) the table.
帮我把书放在（而不是 upon)桌子上.
It was the only town on (not upon) the main line.Similarly, upon cannot always be used in place of onwhen the relation is not spatial:
这是（而不是 upon) 主要干线上唯一的城镇.同样,当两者之间关系不是空间上的关系时,不总是能用 upon代替 on：
He wrote a book on (not upon) alchemy.
他写了一本有关（而不是 upon)炼金术的书；
She will be here on (not upon) Tuesday.
她（而不是 upon) 星期二要来这里.
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