太宗怀鹞的译文

唐太宗李世民是历史上口碑很好的一个皇帝，他和谏臣魏征的良好君臣关系历来为世人所称道，也是史学家啧啧称叹的贤君良臣的典范。“太宗怀鹞”， 见于唐人刘悚的《隋唐嘉话》。唐太宗喜欢玩鸟，有一天，他得到一只形态俊异、毛色漂亮的鹞鸟，十分宠爱，便放在手中赏玩不已。这时魏征从远处走来，太宗因为考虑到魏征有事上奏，比较严肃，急忙把鹞鸟藏在怀里，装作若无其事地与其讨论。不巧，机敏的魏征发觉有异，就特意近前来向太宗禀告事情，在谈完所议之事后，他没有急于离开，继续向太宗讲述古代帝王由于贪图安逸享乐、沉醉声色犬马而最终丧国灭身的事，劝谏“明君”当以此为戒。魏征滔滔不绝的讲述看来是有意为之，他讲着不想停下来，时间长了，那鹞鸟在太宗怀里憋死了。虽然太宗感到可惜，但是他没有阻止魏征。

这个故事在今天看来，有几点是颇为有趣的，也耐人寻味。

第一点，便是魏征为何要有意憋死鹞鸟呢？难道仅仅是因为怕皇帝沉迷玩乐，一只鹞鸟至于吗？这让今天的我们匪夷所思，是不是魏征过于夸张了呢？魏征对于唐太宗的这种做法近似于胆大妄为，甚至有“胁迫”之嫌疑。是什么让他如此胆大，如此行为？他难道真的不识时务？魏征这个人，善于进谏这是不争的事实，但是他也并非后世海瑞一般执着、胆大妄为、敢于上书骂皇帝。他的经历坎坷，投奔过几个主人，也许正因为如此，他眼光独到，看人很准。早在他给李密做幕僚之时，他就给李密进谏，但是李密并不采纳，见到情况不对，他也不再强求。后来又投奔到太子府中，成为李建成的幕僚，当时他曾多次劝谏太子，早日除掉秦王李世民，但是也没能被采纳。后来的故事大家就熟悉了，玄武门事件之后，李世民杀了太子李建成，逼迫自己的父亲唐高祖让位。当时，他找了魏征，当众质问他为何挑拨太子与他几位兄弟间的关系（明知故问），魏征倒也实诚，回答：太子若早听我的话，就不致今日之祸。按说，到这个份儿上，换了其他任何一位皇帝，估计魏征没有什么存活的概率。不过，他运气好，遇上了李世民。不但性命无忧，还被任命为詹事主簿，后来又被擢升为建议大夫。了解到这样一个过程，我们不难明白为何魏征在太宗面前如此行事了。也许有人还会说，魏征被赦免并且委以重任，应该感恩戴德，怎么会与太宗作对呢？其实恰恰这是魏征忠义、聪明之处。说他忠义，因为确实太宗给了他一条活路，不能不报恩，所谓报恩，自然是对皇帝负责，对这个朝廷负责，对天下负责，那对于治理天下不利的事情，对于皇帝自身不利的事情，他就得认真地指出；至于聪明，更为重要，也其实就是他的眼光确实很好，他很清楚地认识到李世民赦免他并非为了收买人心、并非作秀表演，他是真心希望有人给予建议，也希望从善如流，做个好皇帝。所谓“士为知己者死”，他在位期间进谏不断就不难理解了。

第二点，唐太宗为何宁愿憋死鹞鸟，也不忍打断魏征呢？不说他是一国之君，就是任何两个人，他只需要简单说明，将鹞鸟转交其他人看管，不就可以避免鹞鸟死亡吗？魏征再过厉害，再要较真，也不至于连皇帝的解释都不听，连这点面子都不给太宗吧？作为唐太宗李世民来说，他是如何想的很重要，因为说与不说、是否拿出鹞鸟完全在于他自己，他不可能受制于魏征或者他人。所以，问题的关键就在于是唐太宗自己选择了憋死鹞鸟。这样一个举动的必要性在哪里呢？李世民是跟着父亲高祖打天下的，他也是兄弟中战功最为显赫的，实际上他也是对于隋朝灭亡印象最为深刻的。其实隋朝初期，是给全天下打下了一个好的基础的，至于后期迅速覆灭，在李世民看来就是因为隋炀帝杨广刚愎自用、不听忠言、荒淫无道导致的。所以，他下定决心要建立一个太平天下，于是对自己严格要求、求贤纳谏，通过大臣的进谏，一点一滴地改正自己的缺点错误。而魏征其人，不仅仅是敢于进谏，更是善于进谏的，正是太宗最为倚重的谏臣；在相当长的一段时期里，由于李世民本人做得相当“优秀”，像房玄龄、长孙无忌这些重臣都难以找出任何问题来进谏，唯有魏征，总能清晰地看到一些问题所在，或许事无巨细，都在他的谏议之内。太宗在魏征死后，曾经哭着说：魏征死了，我失去了一面镜子。可见魏征在他心目中的地位。对于这样一位贤良之臣，这样一位朝廷的标杆，一位明心智的“镜子”，太宗更看重其道德力量和辐射影响力。如果失去了魏征的进谏，自己虚心纳谏的态度就会受到朝廷、天下的怀疑，从此就难以有人在他面前说真话了。正是因为看到这一点，唐太宗才在这些大小事情上都敬重魏征，即便心爱的鹞鸟憋死在怀中，也不能失去魏征对于进谏的热情。这不是一只鹞鸟的问题，这是皇帝对于进谏的一种态度，有了这种态度的存在，他的朝廷仍然还是贤明的朝廷，他的天下就仍然还是繁荣盛世。

Tang Taizong Li Shimin a good reputation in history an emperor, he and Jian Chen Wei Zheng has always been good relations between monarch and officials called for the people of the world, and also the historian"s tongue enrapture the Xianjun Yoshiomi model. "Taizong Huai Harrier", found in Tang Liu frightened of "Sui Ka talk." Emperor Taizong like to play birds, one day, he received a different form-jun, beautiful coat color harrier birds, are very spoiled, then placed in the hands of playing are endless. At this time coming from a distance, Wei Zheng, Wei Zheng, Taizong taking into account that something happens memorial, more serious, and hurried to harrier birds hidden in his arms, pretending nonchalance with their discussion. Unfortunately, astute Wei Zheng find that different, it almost came to Taizong specifically to announce his things, leaving the subject of the discussion of the incident, he did not hurry to leave, to continue to talk about the ancient emperors Taizong seek ease and comfort because of pleasure, intoxicated with sensual pleasures and the ultimate State funeral destroy the body thing, to remonstrate, "Mingjun" When this as a warning. Wei Zheng gushing about appears to be intentional, he did not want to stop talking, a long time, that"s harrier birds suffocated in the arms of Taizong. Despite Taizong felt pity, but he did not stop Wei Zheng.

This story in today"s perspective, there are a few points is quite interesting, but also thought-provoking.

The first point is why should we deliberately suffocated Wei Zheng harrier birds do? Is it simply because of fear of the Emperor indulged in play and a harrier bird As do? This is so bizarre to us today, is not overly exaggerated Wei Zheng out? Wei Zheng of this approach is similar for the Emperor Taizong emboldened, and even "coercion" of the suspect. What makes him so bold, so behavior? He was really behind the times? Wei Zheng this person, good at Jinjian This is an indisputable fact, but he is not a general persistence Hai Rui generations of daring and dare to criticize a letter to the emperor. His experience ups and downs, defected to a few owners, perhaps because of this, his unique vision, look at a very prospective. As early as his chief of staff to Li Mi to do when he gave Li Mi Jin Jian, but Li Mi was not accepted, see the situation wrong, he will not insist. And later defected to the Prince"s Fuchu, as Li Jiancheng"s aides, he had several times to remonstrate Prince as soon as possible to get rid of the King of Qin Li Shimin, but not be accepted. Later, everyone familiar with the story, Xuanwumen After the incident, killed the prince Li Jiancheng Li Shimin, Emperor Tang Gaozu forced to make way for his father. At that time, he found a Wei Zheng, publicly questioned why he sow discord between the Prince and his brothers, several of the relations (rhetorical), Wei Zheng Shi-cheng also down, replied: Prince, if early listen to me, then it will not be today"s disaster. Ordinarily, to this do nothing, the change of any other one emperor, Wei Zheng is estimated that there is no probability of survival. However, he lucky, were caught by Li Shimin. Not only the lives comfortably, has also been appointed as the Zhanshi main book, and later was promoted to the recommended doctor. Understand that such a process, we can easily understand why Wei Zheng do so in front Taizong had. Maybe some people will say, Wei Zheng has been pardoned, and appointed to important, it should be grateful, how it will go against Taizong? In fact, this is precisely Wei Zheng loyalty, clever. He loyalty because it really Taizong gave him a path of survival, can not help but gratitude, the so-called gratitude, nature is the emperor responsible for this court is responsible for the world responsible for the management of the world that bad things, bad things for the emperor"s own , he will be careful to point out; as smart and, more importantly, it is actually really good his vision, he was well aware that Li Shimin pardon him not to buy people"s hearts, not show performance, he was sincerely want people to give advice We also hope that good advice and be a good emperor. So-called "persons as confidante to die," he continued reign Jinjian not difficult to understand.

Secondly, why would rather suffocated Emperor Taizong Harrier bird, Wei Zheng, can not bear to break it? Do not say that he is the king of a country that is, any two people, he simply stated the harrier birds to other people care, not to avoid the harrier bird death? Wei Zheng a few powerful, and then have to seriously, you will not be even the emperor"s explanation does not listen, even that is not face to Taizong, right? As Tang Taizong Li Shimin, he is how to think is very important, because he could and did not say whether the bird is entirely in the Harrier out of his own, he could not be subject to Wei Zheng, or others. Therefore, the crux of the issue in their choice of Emperor Taizong then suffocated harrier birds. The need for such a move where? Emperor Li Shimin was trying to conquer her father, and he is also the brother in the military exploits of the most prominent, in fact he is also for the demise of the Sui Dynasty was most impressed. In fact, the early Song Dynasty, is to give the whole world laid a good foundation, as the latter part of the rapid destruction, in the view that because of Emperor Li Shimin Yang opinionated, do not listen to good advice depends, dissolute is no way to causing the problem. So he determined to build a peaceful world, a result of their strict requirements Careers satisfied that the bridge, through the Minister Jin Jian, bit by bit to correct its own shortcomings and mistakes. And Wei Zheng of its people, not just dare to Jin Jian, Jin Jian is good, and it is Taizong of the most relied upon Jian Chen; in a fairly long period of time, because of Li Shimin, I did a very "excellent", like the mysterious room ling, Sun Wuji minister of state is difficult to find any of these issues to Jin Jian, only Wei Zheng, always clearly see some problems, perhaps unavoidably, are within his Jianyi. Taizong"s death in the Wei Zheng, who cried and said: Wei Zheng died, I lost a mirror. See Wei Zheng"s position in his mind. For such a virtuous of the Hill, such a benchmark for the court, an out of mind "mirror," Taizong place more importance on their moral strength and radiation influence. If you lose the Jin Jian Wei Zheng himself willing to take advice would be the attitude of the court, the world of doubt, it will be difficult from some people in front of him telling the truth of. Because see this, Emperor Taizong was in these small things are respected Wei Zheng, even beloved Harrier birds suffocated in the arms, we can not lose Wei Zheng for Jin Jian enthusiasm. This is not a harrier bird issue, which is the emperor of an attitude for Jin Jian, with the existence of such an attitude, and his court would still be wise for the court, he is still a prosperous world will remain.

唐太宗李世民是历史上口碑很好的一个皇帝，他和谏臣魏征的良好君臣关系历来为世人所称道，也是史学家啧啧称叹的贤君良臣的典范。“太宗怀鹞”， 见于唐人刘悚的《隋唐嘉话》。唐太宗喜欢玩鸟，有一天，他得到一只形态俊异、毛色漂亮的鹞鸟，十分宠爱，便放在手中赏玩不已。这时魏征从远处走来，太宗因为考虑到魏征有事上奏，比较严肃，急忙把鹞鸟藏在怀里，装作若无其事地与其讨论。不巧，机敏的魏征发觉有异，就特意近前来向太宗禀告事情，在谈完所议之事后，他没有急于离开，继续向太宗讲述古代帝王由于贪图安逸享乐、沉醉声色犬马而最终丧国灭身的事，劝谏“明君”当以此为戒。魏征滔滔不绝的讲述看来是有意为之，他讲着不想停下来，时间长了，那鹞鸟在太宗怀里憋死了。虽然太宗感到可惜，但是他没有阻止魏征。

望采纳！！！

唐太宗得到一只鹞鹰，极其俊俏奇异，私下里（在内宫，非朝堂）把鹞鹰架在手臂上玩赏，看到魏征来了，就把鹞鹰藏在怀里。魏征知道这件事（看出来了），就走向前去汇报事情，就势（向太宗）讲古代帝王由于安逸享乐而亡国的故事，暗暗地劝谏太宗。

（魏征故意）说得时间很长，太宗担心鹞鹰捂死，因为太宗向来尊敬魏征，（不敢直接轰他走，只是婉转地）想让他把话说得短些。然而魏征说个没完，鹞鹰（最终）捂死在（太宗）怀里。

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