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魔力种类图片灾厄(Disaster)
效果:可以激发人身上的病痛,或者使伤口恶化,且发挥灵枪的全部形态。 漂浮(Levitation)
可以使自己漂浮起来,自由移动。战斗时进行高速移动。 置换(Transformatio)
可以改变外貌和衣服。紧张的时候就会自动改变外貌。 灵枪Chastiefol
是由精灵界的神木所制,强度在钢铁之上。可以变换各种形态。 形态神器图片第一形态灵枪(Spear)
即正常状态,金能熟练的操控其战斗。 招式:黄蜂飞舞
金发出大量快速的攻击敌人的四面八方。 招式:狂乱凤舞
金操纵灵抢发出大量更加快速快速的攻击敌人的四面八方。 第二形态守护兽(Guardian)
变成一只大布偶熊,非常软,因其有苔藓多水的性质,特别防火,也因此不防冻。 第三形态化石化(Fossilization)
蟹钳一样的刃,刺中后石化对方,使其变成无法移动的一座雕像,即使他们仍然活着。 第四形态光华(Sunflower)
长成一棵巨大的植物,金黄色的梗,绿色的像玉米一样的花苞,然后突然绽放,花开的时候会发出光芒,使得一切攻击对象尽数消亡。 第五形态増殖(Increase)
会分裂出许多小灵枪,能像“枪”一样通过金简单的示意和手势任意控制。集中起来威力极大。 招式:炸裂的刀雨
金将小灵枪聚到一处攻击,再变为第一态。 第七形态导苔(Luminosity)
一个发光的球体,有照明的作用。 第八形态花粒园(Pollen Garden)
神树散出的花粉,有保护和治愈的作用。 第十形态抱枕(Pillow)
总是和金形影不离的那个抱枕,当不是在战斗时枪就以枕头的形式存在,枕头也可以充当盾牌。 形态能力图片第一形态灵枪
消耗巨大的魔力而解放的真实灵枪,一次性将魔神族巨兽兵器蒸发,其斗级瞬间提 升至巨兽兵器的两倍以上,但是威力过于强大甚至连精灵王的身体也承受不了,漫画中金的指甲被震断流血。 第二形态守护兽(Guardian)
变成更加巨大大布偶熊,有着更加强大的力量。 第五形态 増殖(Increase)
会分裂出造型更加精致的小型灵抢,进行更加快速的射击。
fossilization名词解释
fossilization,英语单词,主要用作名词,作名词时译为“石化;僵化”。 扩展资料 An Analysis of Fossilization Among Chinese Learners of English 中国学生英语僵化现象分析 Analysis of the factors related to interlanguage fossilization in English writing practice 英语写作过程中的`中介语石化成因研究 Fossilization has become one of the main features of Interlanguage. 语言僵硬现象已经成为中介语的主要特征之一。2023-06-25 16:18:241
什么是化石化
化石化作用(fossilization)是将古代生物遗体、遗迹保存成化石的各种作用,包括古代生物遗体、遗迹被沉积物掩埋、保存、石化以及模铸形成等各种作用。过程中生物遗体将经历一系列物理作用和化学作用的改造,但是化石仍然保留着生物面貌及部分生物结构。古代生物中绝大部分死后都腐烂毁坏,或为其他生物所食,不易保存。一般只有具备硬体的生物,死后又很快地被沉积物所掩埋,再经石化作用而保存为化石,所以化石多是生物的硬体部分。水生生物保存化石的机会又远较陆生生物为多。但在密封、冷冻等一些特殊条件下,也可将古代生物完整地保存下来,如冻土层中的猛犸象,煤层内琥珀中的昆虫等。化石化作用还包括形成模铸化石的各种作用等。[1]化石化作用是指随着沉积物变成岩石的成岩作用,埋藏在沉积物中的生物遗体而经历了物理作用和化学作用的改造,但是仍然保留着生物面貌及部分生物结构的作用。2023-06-25 16:18:321
中介语石化现象探因与口语教学误区 中介语石化
摘 要:中介语石化现象是在二语习得过程中难以避免的语言习得现象。许多语言学家针对这一语言现象提出了中介语石化理论。国内许多学者在石化现象方面做了许多实证研究,收集数据、分析石化现象成因,并根据石化理论,指出学习者在语言习得中存在的问题。本文综述了这些实证研究,并尝试性地总结出口语教学中存在的一些误区。 关键词:中介语 中介语石化 石化现象探因 口语教学误区 一、引言 把She说成he,在动词前加very,鼻音/n/和边音/l/不分。这些都是中国英语学习者在学习过程中经常遇到的语言问题。这些问题会随着年龄增长和学习量的增加而得到改善。其中有些错误却仍会不断出现在日常交际中。即使学习者能意识到他们这些错误,也会下意识地说出既不像汉语又不像英语的语言。Selinker称之为中介语(interlanguage)。这时,年龄增长和学习量的增加对改变这种语言学习状态不起任何作用,被称之为语言石化现象。本文拟通过分析中介语石化现象产生的原因,结合英语口语教学实际,指出当前英语口语教学中的一些误区。 二、中介语石化理论 中介语(interlanguage)一词的提法出自Selinker(1972),用来描述外语学习者在语言学习过程中产生和使用的一种语言体系。它既不同于母语,也不同于目的语,是一种介于两者之间的一种过渡性的语言。其它学者也有过类似的提法。如:Nemser(1971)曾用近似语言系统(approximate system)指代这一语言现象,Corder(1971)则称之为过渡语言能力(transitional competence)。 中介语是学习者习得目的语的必经之路。随着学习者学习时间的正确投入,这种语言系统会逐渐靠拢目的语的语言系统。学习者在学习过程中会不断调整自己的语言行为,使这种语言行为逐渐适合目的语的表达习惯,由错误逐渐向正确方向转化。理论上讲,随着学习者目的语知识量的增加,使用能力也会相应得到提高,最终达到目的语的水平。而事实上,绝大部分学习者由于种种原因未能达到目的语这一理想水平。相反,学习者在他们的目的语水平提高到一定程度后,语言能力不是继续向前发展,而是表现出一种停滞不前的徘徊状态,即中介语石化现象(fossilization)。 中介语石化的概念最早由Selinker(1972)提出:无论学习者年龄的长幼,无论学习者得到多少有关目的语的指导和训练,在其目的语的中介语中总会出现与其母语有关的一些表达方式、规则和次系统。当学习者目的语水平有所提高时,这些现象或许看似已消除,但还会常常出现在目的语的中介语中。这些词语和表达结构长期重复使用,最后固定下来,形成语言石化。这一现象的出现阻止学习者的语言水平进一步提高。 三、中介语石化现象 以中国学生学习英语为例,中介语的发展基本上都遵循一定的模式(戴炜栋等,1999):中小学阶段,学习者的英语知识积累迅速,英语水平持续稳步提高。进入大学后,英语专业低年级学生的英语水平,尤其是听话水平进步明显,随后进入高原期(plateau);而非英语专业的学生由于兴趣时间等因素的影响,英语能力基本处于稳定甚至下降状态。英语学习者经过努力可能会取得一些进步,却避免不了重复犯一些错误。比如:有的中国学生虽能毫无障碍地和英语母语者进行深层次的交流,但在口头交际中,仍会用错过去完成时和将来进行时。最主要的原因就是汉语中没有时态的概念。国内很多学者也在这方面做过实证研究,如: 丁容容,何福胜(2006)通过收集2000年至2005年清华大学非英语专业研究生的《高级英语交流》课程口语考试和课堂任务型口语测试50小时的语料,分析研究他们在英语口语中强势语的用法。该项研究发现:和本族语者相比,中国学习者口语中所运用的强调词较单一化,学习者超用和误用了very一词,将“very”和汉语的“很,非常”等同,误将very修饰动词和比较级。 李巧兰(2004)抽样调查了中国英语学习者话语标记语在口语中的使用情况。通过对比分析英语为母语者的语料,发现母语使用标记语的总次数明显多于英语学习者,分别是中级和高级英语学习者的3.5倍和2.6倍,说明英语学习者的话语标记语语用次系统无法达到母语者标准,存在语用石化现象。 高翔、刘韶方(2006)以问卷调查形式获取英语专业学生请求语用表达能力情况,将其与英语母语者的使用情况进行对比,发现半数以上的学生将不同情况下表达的请求统统等同于某种表达形式,并在多个回答中重复使用,存在语用石化。 语用石化的问题同样引起了黄莹、张新宇的兴趣。他们选取了中国矿大英语专业四个年级的学生,通过问卷调查、课堂观察、访谈相结合的形式,调查学生英语语用能力(2004)。结果表明学生的语用能力在大二达到最高,之后开始明显下降,大三到大四有所回升,但基本没有超过大二的语用水平,说明学生的英语语用能力在石化。 四、石化现象成因解释 对中介语石化现象的解释很大程度上取决于对石化现象的定义,观察和描述。而石化现象的定义正像语言学其它术语的概念一样,由于对石化现象本身缺乏统一的认识,尚不能确定石化现象究竟是一个发展过程,还是发展的结果;是语言能力层次的现象,还是属于语用现象范畴。因此对于石化现象成因的解释存在很大分歧。研究者们从不同角度各个层面对这一现象做了详尽的解释。一系列的因素已被确定为是导致学习者中介语石化的原因。这些因素在整体上被分为内因和外因两大类。 1. 石化现象内因说 Ellis总结了两点造成石化现象的内因:年龄因素和缺乏与目的语社会文化相融合的欲望。而以Lenneberg和Lamendella为代表的“生物论”者,把语言石化看作是人内在的生物和生理因素所造成的结果,从生物成长的角度来解释语言问题和石化现象。他们认为孩子成长有个关键期(critical period),大约在两岁左右,大脑的功能分工基本完成,语言功能定位在左脑,再学习其它语言会变得相对困难。 “生物论”常常用于解释发音石化现象。绝大多数学习者无论花多少时间和精力都无法去掉本土口音。主要是因为大脑双侧分工已经固定永久化,发音器官已经习惯其本族语发音方式,口腔肌肉已失去弹性。“生物论”的主要问题是难以解释学习者个体差异现象。 缺乏与目的语文化融合(acculturation)的欲望,即对目的语所持的社会心理距离,使学习者不愿努力地采用目的语的文化模式。该观点认为语言和文化不可分,石化的形成是多种社会心理因素作用的结果。简单说即为学习者学习动机和文化迁移对石化形成的影响。这解释了为什么学习者使用有限的语言文化知识进行交际,最终形成语用石化的原因。 2. 石化现象外因说 外因说强调社会文化环境对学习者心理的影响。Ellis将外因归纳为(1)交际压力;(2)缺乏学习机会;(3)反馈性质对学习者第二语使用的影响。反馈性质又被称作交互说,以学习者得到的反馈形式来说明语言的发展或石化情况。如:学习者与教师和同学之间的不正确语言输出有时被当作正确的语言输入,导致一些错误沉淀石化。人际交流的过程传递着情感,对学习者产生肯定、中立或否定的心理作用。不同的反应对二语习得者有不同程度的如正面的、中立的或负面的加强作用,成为石化形成的一个重要原因。 另外根据Krashen的i+1理论,人们习得语言的唯一途径就是通过获得大量的i+1水平的可理解性输入。因此目的语输入数量不足,质量不适也同样会引起学习者二语的石化。试想如果二语习得者能够接触大量自然语境下的语言输入和二语环境,提高二语使用的熟练程度将不再高不可攀;在较短时间内较快接近母语者水平,将不再是天方夜谭。从这个意义上讲,对教师和教学环境提出了更高的要求。 五、石化现象成因对口语教学的启示 口语不像笔语,可以允许更多的思考和准备时间,二语习得者在口头交际中会暴露出更多的中介语石化问题。因而,分析石化现象产生的原因会对口语教学有更大的启示。 从以上对石化现象的种种解释来看,在很大程度上,教学方式和教学内容会影响石化现象的产生。如果能及时纠正在培养二语学习者在习得二语过程中存在的一些片面观点和做法,可以部分地防止和阻止二语习得者口语能力的石化。 1. 处理好教师话语与学生话语的关系 作为外语教师只是比学生在通往目的语的道路上走得远了一些。提高教师队伍的口语素质当然成了首要任务。这是其一。其二,过分强调交际能力的口语教学主张,在课堂上要尽量减少教师话语时间,增加学生交谈时间。这一点忽视了学生作为学习者,仍处在语言学习过程中这个事实,忽视了母语学习与外语学习之间的差异。过多的学生话语不仅导致不正确的语汇、语法形式的输入,还有受到母语影响的语音语调迁移也会使学生无法辨别地道的语音语调,加上学生缺乏对目的语国家文化背景的了解,容易产生语用方面的负迁移,从而产生石化。 因而,适当在学生练习任务结束之后,及时总结归纳学生犯的语法语用错误是非常有必要的。还有在分组安排配对练习的时候,尽量避免口语能力相对较弱的学生被分到一组或一对。考虑到学生口语水平的差别,在人员安排上要体现出层次性。 2. 尽量减少母语负迁移影响 母语迁移是讨论石化现象绕不开的问题。母语干扰是石化的重要来源。第一语言和第二语言(外语)的相似性程度决定二语习得者掌握这门外语的难易程度,以及第一语言对第二语言习得和石化会产生多大的影响。 汉语和英语的差别较大,决定了中国英语学习者说一口中式英语的可能性也很大。教师在教学过程中一味向学生灌输英语口语的正确表达形式未必能收到事半功倍的效果。因为处在学习阶段的学习者仍在通过母语的语法语汇体系理解二语的语言现象。告知学生母语和目的语之间的区别和联系,比起单单讲授目的语的语用交际知识和规则,要省力得多。 3. 不适当的认知反馈和情感反馈 在如何对待语言学习者的错误问题上,一直存在着两种对立的观点。一类观点是把学习者犯错误视为洪水猛兽,有错必纠。另一类认为应该以学习者为中心,最大限度地吸引学生参与到课堂讨论中来,从而有效地提高学生口头交际能力,教师对错误的表达听之任之。这两种观点显然都走了极端。现代外语教学在经历了语法――翻译法、情景语言教学法、交际法、全身反应法、听说法等阶段后,教师在面对学生的语言错误时,反而变得不知所措。 由前文可知,反馈对交际者可以产生肯定、中立及否定的心理作用,不同的反馈会对学习者的语言使用有着不同程度的加强作用,或正面的,或中立的,或负面的。既如此,教师应当采取折衷的态度,既指出学生的错误,又要在不打击学习积极性的前提下。唯此,教师才能尽可能地在教学过程中避免石化现象的发生。 六、结语 中介语石化理论是近些年二语习得领域讨论的热点。由于问题自身的复杂性,目前对此方面的研究还有待进一步探讨。分析和阐释中介语石化现象的成因,无疑对当前以培养交际能力为唯一目标的口语教学有着重要意义和启发,能帮助教学工作者们意识到该教学法的误区和实际操作中的缺陷,旨在促进口语教学既重视学生交际能力的培养,又注重学生语言能力的发展,双管齐下。 参考文献: [1]Ellis,R. Understanding Second Language Acquisition[M]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999. [2] 戴炜栋,牛强.过渡语的石化现象及其教学启示[J].外语研究,1999,(2). [3]丁容容,何福胜.中国学习者英语口语中强势语的用法研究[J].外语教学,2006,(9). [4]李巧兰.英语学习者话语标记语语用石化现象初探――基于真实口语语料的调查分析[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2004,(5). [5]高翔,刘韶方.英语专业学习者请求语用石化现象探究[J].中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(12). [6]黄莹,张新宇.英语专业学生语用能力石化现象研究[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(3). [7]陈慧媛.关于语言僵化现象起因的理论探讨[J].外语教学与研究,1999,(3). [8]张雪梅.语言石化现象的认知研究[J].外国语,2000,(4). [9]李炯英.中介语石化现象研究30年综观[J].国外外语教学,2003,(4). [10]杨文秀.中介语石化现象与口语教学[J].外语与外语教学,2000,(9). [11]牛强.过渡语的石化现象及其教学启示[J].外语与外语教学,2000,(5). [12]文培红.从中介语石化理论看当前外语教学的三大误区[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2003,(10).2023-06-25 16:18:391
你们好.举列说明僵化现象.
僵化现象(Fossilization in Foreign Languge Learning)指的是学生在学习外语的过程中停留在原有的水平上,难以进一步系统掌握所学语言的现象.著名语言学家塞林克(Larry Selinker)经过反复调查研究后指出:“在成年人学...2023-06-25 16:18:451
化石的保存类型
根据化石保存的特点,化石可分实体化石、模铸化石、遗迹化石和化学化石四类。实体化石 指生物的遗体或其一部分保存为化石。在极为特殊的情况下,生物体有可能完整保存,几未遭受变化。这种特殊情况一是密封,如我国抚顺古近系中的琥珀化石,为由树脂密封的昆虫所形成的完整化石;二是冷藏,如西伯利亚冻土层中保存的猛犸象,其皮肉保存完整无损;三是干燥,由于气候干燥使生物体失去水分保存为干尸(木乃伊)。通常情况下,生物死亡后,其软体多腐烂或被摄食,而硬体亦经受不同程度的变化。自生物死亡,掩埋并经历一系列的变化,最终形成化石的过程称化石化作用(fossilization)。在硬体变化中多数为其矿物质发生变化,埋葬于沉积物中的硬体,被溶于地下水中的矿物质所填充或置换而变成石质,原来生物的构造仍可保存,这种作用称为石化作用(petrifaction),包括过矿化作用,即地下水中所含矿物质充填于生物硬体的空隙中,其原有的组织结构未变,但硬体变得致密坚实;置换作用,即生物硬体的原来成分为地下水溶解,并以其他矿物质置换,如溶解与置换速度相等,并以分子相交换,则可保存原硬体的微细结构,主要置换的矿物有氧化硅、碳酸钙、黄铁矿,分别称为硅化、钙化及黄铁矿化。有些生物的硬体仅由有机质组成,在保存过程中有机质成分内的挥发物质逸去,炭的含量相对增加,形成稳定的炭质薄膜,称炭化作用,如植物叶子化石和几丁质硬体的动物化石。图1-2 化石化作用的可能过程(以双壳类贝壳为例)(据Clarkson,1980,稍修改)1—贝壳在泥质(左半)或碳酸盐(右半)沉积中;2—贝壳保存完好,仅局部重结晶;3—贝壳成分由文石重结晶为方解石,失去原有的微细构造;4—贝壳内填充硅质形成内核;5—贝壳表面覆盖硅质薄层;6—泥质岩中的贝壳机械变形;7—贝壳内填充泥质形成内核,表面保存内模,贝壳溶解后被其他物质代替形成铸型;8—结核中的贝壳保存完整;9—贝壳内未填充,溶解后再填充而形成复型,表面保存外模模铸化石 古代生物遗体在沉积物或围岩中留下的印模和复铸物。常见的模铸化石有外模、内模、复型、内核和铸型等(图1-2)。外模指保留于围岩上生物遗体的外表特征的印模;内模指生物遗体内部形态在其填充物上的印模;复型为生物遗体被地下水溶蚀,所留空隙的充填物,复型的外形及表面纹饰与原物一致,但无其原来生物的内部构造;内核指生物遗体中空部分的填充物,内核表面显示其内模;铸型为遗体在围岩中被溶蚀所留空间再为其他物质铸入而成,其形态与原物相似,但成分和结构与原物不同。遗迹化石 一般指古代生物生活时期在其生活场所留下的痕迹,如高等动物遗留的足迹或行走时留下的行迹,低等动物活动时留下的拖迹或爬迹,生物在沉积物中的潜穴和坚硬物体上的钻孔以及动物的排泄物(粪化石)。从沉积学的角度来看,遗迹化石是研究各种生物的成因构造,不同于实体化石。化学化石 指古代生物遗体虽已腐烂消失,但某些有机物质,如氨基酸、多糖类、脂肪酸等组成生物体的物质,可在化石或沉积物中保存,虽不具生物体的形态特征,但保存了原生物有机物质的组成和结构。组成生物体的生物化学特征各不相同,研究岩层和化石中保存的有机物质为古生物学开拓了一个新领域,对于研究生物的系统关系、分类、演化及探索生命起源等均将起重要作用。2023-06-25 16:18:531
帮忙分析一下句子成分,特别是后面的or前后的成分。多谢了,
方法好人方法哈根达斯大V刚发2023-06-25 16:19:084
试论大学生语言僵化现象成因及教学策略
【论文关键词】外语学习 僵化 成因 教学策略 【论文摘要】僵化是外语学习过程中的一种心理语言现象,它往往会导致外语学习者在获得一定的听说读写能力后停滞不前。本文从内部因素(学习者的动机、学习策略、情感因素)和外部因素(社会环境、教学环境)分析了大学生语言僵化现象的成因及对应的教学策略。 1前言 第二语言习得过程中,学习者使用的介于母语和目的语之间的语言体系被称为中介语(interlanguage, IL)。Nemser 把这种语言叫做近似系统,意思是说学习者只能越来越接近母语,但永远达不到母语水平。同样,如今的情况是大学生虽然已经从初中甚至小学开始 学习英语 ,但是无论时间多长,无论他们怎么努力,最后仍然不能达到说该语言母语者的水平。为什么会这样呢?这是因为他们在学习英语的时候,中介语会出现这样的过程:当学习者的目的语水平有所提高时,那些学习过程中常出现的错误的语言形式(语音、词汇、语法等)还是会经常出现,也就是永久性地留在他们的中介语中,成为学习者理解或产出语言的一种方式。这种凝固在中介语中的顽固性错误就是语言的僵化(fossilization)。 语言的僵化现象是第二语言习得过程中的普遍现象,而且在很大程度上制约了二语学习者水平的提高。因此探究语言僵化的原因及教学策略对打破这种僵局以提高学习者目的语的熟练程度有重要意义。 2大学生语言僵化现象的成因 经过研究者从各个层面和角度对僵化的直接或间接的研究,一系列的因素已经被确定为导致学习者中介语僵化的原因。这些因素在整体上可被分为内部因素和外部因素两大类,其中内因可又分为认知因素、神经生理因素和社会情感因素等几个方面。其中与大学生有关的笔者分析归类如下: 2.1 内部因素 (internal factors) 2.1.1 学习者的动机(motivation) 学习者的学习动机可分为综合性动机和工具性动机。综合性动机指的是学习目的主要是希望与该语言者交往,或对该语言的民族 文化 、历史等方面感兴趣;工具性动机指的是学习目的是为了某一实用功效。一般情况下,具有综合性动机的学习者不会因环境的改变而影响学习动机,其强度和持久性超过工具性动机。比如我国大部分大学生学习英语的主要目的不是为了进入英语国家,而是为了通过考试、获得某一职位以改变自己的社会地位和资格或阅读科技文献等。所以一旦他们达到目的,那么他们的工具性动机便会消失, 英语学习 就会停滞不前。 2.1.2学习者的学习策略(learning strategies) 学习策略是指在学习过程中所采用的 学习 方法 、管理方法以及运用语言的各种活动。这包括认知策略、元认知策略和社交策略等。学习策略运用成功时可促进外语学习,反之,可导致僵化的产生。而这是学习过程出现僵化现象最普遍的一种现象。比如在学习过程中,大部分学生过分强调记忆式的学习方法,尤其是对外语单词词义的死记硬背,好像学习英语就是只是学习新单词的意思,至于怎样运用单词进行目的语交流并没有充分重视。产生的结果常常是学生在运用语言时想不起新学的知识,还是用以前在高中甚至初中的有限的、简单的语言形式,久而久之就引起了僵化现象。 2.1.3情感因素(emotional factors) 可导致语言僵化的因素主要有兴趣因素及意志力因素。学习者的学习兴趣是外语学习的重要前提。浓厚的学习兴趣可使学习者在学习过程中保持旺盛的好奇心和求知欲,从而能够积极主动地进行学习。目前,我国从幼儿园到博士生都学英语,这种全国学英语的热潮从表面看似乎是中国人热爱学英语的表现,但事实上是不是如此呢?董燕萍(2003) 的调查发现:随着英语课战线的拉长,学生的学习兴趣逐渐降低。1200名接受调查的骨干教师声称,喜欢上英语课的学生从小学一年级的88%降到六年级的75%。这就是说,我们至少有四分之一的孩子在经过了小学的英语学习后就已经不喜欢上英语课了。大学生在经过了初中、高中的学习之后,可能兴趣更会降低。此外我国幅员辽阔,各地的英语 教育 水平各不相同,学生的英语应用能力的不足暴露出来,面对大学英语教学中基本使用英语授课,发现自己既听不懂又说不出,顿时丧失了学习的兴趣和信心。听不懂——学不好——不喜欢——更学不好,这样形成了恶性循环,僵化也由此产生。 2.2外部因素(external factors) 外部因素主要指环境因素,强调社会文化差异以及由其造成的心理距离对学习者学习心理的影响。 2.2.1社会环境 (social environment ) 多年来中国对英语教学的重视,确实取得了一定的成效,但英语对我们而言不是第二外语,而是外语。我国内地不存在把英语作为主要交际工具的语言社区。在校学生的英语学习基本是在学校中按照教学计划进行的,它或者是一个专业,或者是一门课程。 2.2.2教学环境(teaching environment ) 关于教学和僵化的关系,一般都认为教学对加快学习进程和防止僵化起积极作用。但是教学也可能有局限性,如果运用不当,会起消极作用,促进僵化的形成。教学环境主要包括课堂输入(classroom input)、教学策略(pedagogic strategies)和练习的机会(opportunities for practice)。 1).课堂输入(classroom input) 输入指外语学习者所接触的目 标语 材料。当学习者有机会接受目标语输入时习得才会发生,也可以说没有输入就没有习得。从形式上看,输入可以是口头的,也可以是书面的;从发生方式看,输入既可以发生在双向的交际环境中,也可以发生在单向的非交际环境中;从性质上看,输入可以是正面语料,也可以是负面语料。 在课堂中教师话语尤为重要。在欧美很多国家,英语教师都必须是以目标语为母语的,而在中国大部分英语教师是以汉语为目标语的,并且缺乏在英语国家学习生活和工作的任何 经验 ,因此他们也是二语习得者,课堂中的话语形式是中介语。如果不采取 措施 使他们的话语更接近目的语形式,那么学生的二语学习则会是负面的,例如中式英语的运用。老师某些僵化的语言使用是学生中介语僵化产生的原因之一。 此外,教材编写中选用不地道的语言也是造成英语僵化的一个因素。许多大学采用的英语精读教程,尤其是听说教程都至少是5年前出版的,甚至是10年前出版的,与实际交流有一定的距离。因此,在语言使用中会拘泥于生搬硬套,过于呆板。 2). 教学方法 (pedagogic strategies) 课堂教学中,以学生为中心的理念早已深入教师的观念中,但在具体的操作过程中,很容易陷入满堂灌的误区。大学英语课堂一个班的人数少则几十人多则上百人,教师很难遵循对话论的课堂教学规律,无法开展合作式和功能性操练,只能采用灌输式讲授,使学生失去了语言学习的兴趣,导致中介语僵化现象。 3). 练习语言的机会 (opportunity for practice) 学生在课堂上以交际为目的使用英语非常有限,因此教学环境不足以满足学生的交际需求。而在课外当学习者经常处于交际压力下,也就是外语能力不能满足交际任务的需要时,也会导致僵化。在实际交际环境下,大部分学习者注重语言的意义表达,而语言的正确表达形式往往无暇顾及。如果学习者表达的错误长期得不到注意和修正,便会永久存在其中介语中,造成僵化现象。 3教学策略 以上关于语言僵化产生的几个过程中涉及社会因素、感情因素、语言输入数量及质量等。对于这些因素的认识和分析对外语教学有一定的启发意义。 3.1帮助学生培养正确的学习动机,增强学习英语的兴趣 学习语言是一场漫长的 马拉松 赛跑,教师有责任给学生以心理和精神支持,启发学生通过多种途径接触和使用英语,使学生学习英语的动力不仅局限于应付考试,并逐渐产生对目标语文化的愿望。同时,在设计教学任务时,教师要综合考虑该任务的难易度、趣味性、对学习者的挑战性以及学习者独立学习和判断的能力以确保学生既要完成任务又对此保持一定的兴趣,避免虎头蛇尾。 另外,教师也应该帮助学生树立学习英语的自信心,树立近期的学习目标,制定循序渐进的 学习计划 ,并对学生的点滴进步适时鼓励和夸奖,增强继续学习的勇气和信心,不断提高对自己的要求,通过不懈的努力来实现。 3.2改进教学策略,创造英语听说学习的最佳环境 缺乏语言环境是我国英语学习者面临最大的学习困难。在教学方面,教师往往因为学生的被动反而放弃和学生的互动的尝试,而学生则有时因为对话题不感兴趣而变得被动,所以教师要重视如何调动学生积极性,吸引学生的注意力,应与学生共同努力,创造良好环境,将英语学习渗透到日常生活中。比如:课堂教学时穿插英语的小幽默,时事新闻,文化背景知识等;课下可以组织有教师指导的英语角、英语 辩论 赛、英语歌曲演唱比赛、英文电影欣赏等。另外,多媒体辅助教学就是一个很好的方式,在教学实践中很受学生的欢迎。利用多媒体,教师可进行大量而丰富而地道的语言材料学习,尽可能多地让学生接触原汁原味的语言材料。 3.3注重语言的输入,加强师资培训 语言的输入是与外语教师关系最为密切的一个环节。要确保学生接收的信息是最接近目标语的。比如应及时更换新版教材,以跟上时代脚步。 英语听力 材料应尽量从VOA, BBC 等英语母语国家中选择,尽量避免从 其它 非母语电台或电视台收集语料。把握好语言输入的难易程度。只有在输入水平略高于学习者现有水平,并可转化为可理解输入,否则可导致僵化。当学习者达到一定的语言熟练水平时, 应适当提高目的语输入的质量,即其趣味性、多样性和难度。这样能防止和避免学习者反复使用以前所学过的表达方式和语法结构。 由于英语教师本身也是二语习得者,从理论上说,英语课堂教学所使用的英语,也是中介语。所以教师本人要谨慎地使用课堂用语,避免语用失误,使其更接近于目的语。提高教师的教学水平,尽量从源头避免中介语的僵化现象。此外,教师应了解学生的语言熟练程度,设计适合学生水平的、对学生的能力具有挑战性的练习和任务。 4结语 僵化现象是外语学习中的常见现象,是各种因素相互作用的结果。本文首先简单介绍了中介语的僵化现象,并分析了其形成的原因,找到对应的教学策略,从而实现研究僵化的最终目的:最大限度地发挥学习者的作用,提高语言的质量和加速学习的进程。 参考文献 [1]Han Zhaohong, Fossilization in Adult Second Language Acquisition [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008. [2]董燕萍. 心理语言学与外语教学[M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006. [3]高云,朱景梅. 语言石化现象的产生及防止策略[J]. 外语教学,2005, 26(3): 41-43. [4]秦绪华. 中介语石化与外语教学[J]. 湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版),2009,11(4): 177-178. [5]姚凤华. 中介语的石化及教学策略[J]. 常州信息职业技术学院学报, 2009,8(5): 44-46. [6]张雪梅. 语言石化现象的认知研究[J]. 外国语,2000, 4: 44-48.2023-06-25 16:19:221
幼儿园过渡环节的策略【浅析过渡语僵化及其激活策略】
过渡语僵化是二语习得中不可避免的普通现象。本文介绍了过渡语僵化的分类、原因,从教师、教学策略和环境三个方面提出了激活策略。 二语习得 过渡语 僵化 激活策略 过渡语(interlanguage)最早由L.Selinker在1969年提出,是指外语学习过程中,学习者使用的介于母语和目的语之间的一种学习者的语言变体。它兼有学习者母语和目的语的特征,并以目的语为出发点,逐渐向目的语靠近,却并不是目的语。Selinker(1972)研究发现:95%的学习者的外语在达到一定水平之后,其语言的能力不是继续向前发展,而是表现出一种停滞不前的徘徊状态,Selinker将其命名为过渡语的僵化现象(fossilization)。 根据Selinker的观点,僵化现象包括个体僵化和群体僵化两类。学习者的个体僵化现象主要表现为语言能力的僵化和错误僵化。语言能力的僵化是指过渡语在语音、句法结构和词汇等方面的僵化;错误僵化现象则是指为被纠正多次的,并被认为已清除了的错误的反复出现,成为顽固性的错误。当已僵化的外语能力具有普遍性时,甚至成为整个社会的正常现象时,就成为群体僵化。僵化对外语学习成绩和运用能力的提高造成很大的障碍,很大程度上牵制了学习者过渡语向目的语靠近,造成外语学习事半功倍,徘徊不前的尴尬局面。 一、僵化产生的原因 语言僵化产生的原因是多方面的。国内外许多研究者从不同角度对僵化的成因进行了分析。其中较有影响力的是Selinker和Ellis的观点。Selinker将僵化的成因归纳为以下五点:(1)母语迁移(language transfer);(2)培训转移(transfer of training);(3)学习策略(strategies of second language learning);(4)交际策略(strategies of second language communication);(5)目的语过分概括(overgeneralization of TL linguistic material),在此基础上,Ellis进一步丰富了过渡语理论,他用耳语习得敏感期和次系统来解释僵化,把僵化的起因归纳为学习者的内因和外因。内因是指学习者的年龄和缺乏融入目的语社会或文化的愿望;外因指的是交际压力、缺乏学习机会和对学习者第二语言的反馈性质。在过渡语范畴里,我国学者陈慧媛在总结了国外有关僵化的众多理论基础上,把僵化概括为内因说、外因说和内外因交互学说。 二、如何激活过渡语僵化 根据僵化的成因,笔者拟从教师、环境和教学策略三个方面提出激活策略。 1.提高教师专业素质,优化语言输入 教师的课堂语言和教材是学生语言习得的主要来源,因此,教师的语言应该规范和地道。事实是,虽然我国英语教师的英语和教学水平都在不断地提高,但大批从事英语教学的教师还没有机会到英语的故乡去学习原汁原味的英语,许多教师本身使用的也是过渡语,只是与目的语的距离比学生更近而已。再加上有些专业英语教师对专业知识并不熟悉,自身语言陈旧或不合时宜,如此一来,教师无法对学生的语言知识输入提供积极有益的帮助。学生如果长期模仿这种语言,会造成语言能力的停滞不前,最终导致僵化现象。也就是说,教师对学生的语言输入的质量在很大程度上决定了学习者对目的语的感知和理解。良好的语言输入可以激发学习者的学习兴趣和学习动机,提高学习者对目的语的感知和准确理解。教师的业务水平在这个过程中起到了不可估量的作用。因此,外语教师应注重提升自己的业务水平,提高自身的语言运用能力,以提高语言输入的质量。 2.优化教学环境 教学环境从主体构成来看包括教师教的环境和学生学的环境,从内容构成来看分为物理环境和心理环境(张大均,1999)。根据二语习得的相关理论,理想的外语课堂教学环境应该是能够向学生提供更多的直接接触目的语的机会,从而使其能沉浸在目的语的环境中。因此,合理的优化教学环境,使课堂教学的效果达到最大化的意义非凡。关于此类的调查显示:54%的同学认为,班级的良好学习氛围是促进自己学习的关键因素;近85%的学生希望一个理想的个性化学习环境,其中,包括图书、网络资源,仿真的语言实践环境,并且学习资源越丰富,学生的学习积极性就越高(丁俏蕾2009)。从调查中可以看出外部环境的重要性。因此,一方面,在课堂教学中,教师应努力创建以教师为主导,学生为主体的教学环境。以教师为主导,要求课前教师充分备课,对教学内容进行梳理,确定重点,难点,安排好教学步骤;课堂上,要根据教学内容,采用轻松多样的教学方式组织课堂教学,营造宽松、愉快的课堂气氛。以学生为主体,则是使学生成为课堂的中心,以学生接受知识的具体情况随时调整讲授的进度与难度,分层教学,从而是每个学生沉浸在特定的语境中,主动的学习语言知识,加快语言习得的速度,努力增强目的语的正面影响。另一方面,在英语学习的过程中,尽量为学习者创造宽松自然的目的语环境,引入地道的英语学习资料,激起学生本身对所学语言产生兴趣,从而能适当地避免僵化问题的出现。 此外,在课堂教学中,教师还要根据学生的表现及时给予适当的反馈,从而起到控制僵化的作用。适当的反馈包括肯定的情感反馈和否定的认知反馈。肯定的情感反馈可以鼓励学习者积极思考和继续语言尝试,否定的认知反馈则可以刺激学生认真反省自己的表现,从而努力去改正或弥补自己语言运用中所存在的问题。 3.教学方法 (1)传统和现代手段向结合,进行多途径、多渠道的语言输入 首先,英语学习是一个多层次的学习过程,教师应鼓励学生创造进行语言输入的条件。例如,听、读、背诵。其次,借助多种手段多渠道进行输入。教师可以引导学生多关注热点话题,鼓励学生充分利用多媒体,电影、电视、网络等进行优化的语言输入。此外,教师要根据学生的具体情况,采取不同的教学策略,采用轻松多样的教学方式组织课堂教学,营造宽松、愉快的课堂气氛,减少学生的交际压力,调动学生的积极性,从而进一步地提高教学效果。 (2)语言学习中的文化导入 文化教学是指教授和语言文化有关的社会文化知识,帮助学生理解不同文化之间的差异,从而提高交际能力。作为外语教师,应进行文化教学,传授与外语教学内容或语用交际有关的文化知识,提高二语习得者对文化差异的敏感性。在实际的教学过程中,要有选择地将优秀的文化知识融入教学课程当中,使学习者了解文化背景,从而真正地理解和运用文化合流模式,提高习得者过渡语的程度,并最终延缓或阻止石化现象的产生。 三、结语 综上所述,过渡语是母语向目的语转化过程中的特殊形式,是语言学习过程中不可避免的现象。外语教师、教学和学习环境及学习者的学习方法都是产生过渡语僵化的原因。为此,为了使外语学习获得成功,不仅要适当地引导学生采取适当的学习方法,帮助学生防止和突破僵化状态,而且更要不断地提高自身的业务水平,优化课堂输入,使学习者的语言能力得到进一步的提高。 参考文献: [1]邓炎昌,刘润清.语言与文化[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995. [2]Selinker,L.Rediscovering Interlanguage [M].London:Longman,1992. [3]Vigil,N.A & Oller,J.W.Rule fossilization: a tentative model[M].Language learning 26,1976.281-295. [4]王善江.二语习得中的过渡语及石化现象探研[J].通化师范学院学报,2010,(03). [5]吴言.过渡语僵化对英语教学的启示[J].琼州学院学报,2009,(02).2023-06-25 16:19:461
请帮我分析下面的句子,有点多。30分送上。谢谢了,就主语谓语宾语状语的。每个都要,谢谢了
1.学习之于心灵,就象食物之于肉体一样。2.摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。3.同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。4.不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。5.持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。6.一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,7.学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。8.由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。9.更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,10.弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。11.缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。12.因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。2023-06-25 16:20:074
华罗庚英语简介
华罗庚,数学家,中国科学院院士,美国国家科学院外籍院士,下面是我为你整理的华罗庚英语简介,希望对你有用! 华罗庚简介 Hua Luogeng (1910.11.12-1985.6.12), was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Jintan District, native of Jiangsu Danyang. Mathematician, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences, academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, and a member of the Federal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. China "s first to sixth National People" s Congress Standing Committee. He is the founder and pioneer of the Chinese analytical number theory, matrix geometry, typical group, self-congruence function theory and multiple complex function theory, and is listed as the Chicago Science and Technology Museum in today"s world of 88 maths of the great one. Internationally to Fahrenheit named mathematical research results are "Fahrenheit Theorem", "Fahrenheit inequality", "China - Wang method" and so on. 华罗庚个人贡献 Hua Luogeng"s early research field is analytic number theory, his achievements in the analysis of the number of theory is particularly well known, the internationally renowned "Chinese analytical number theory school" that Hua Luo Geng founded school, the school for the distribution of prime number and the idea of the Goldbach Many major contributions. Hua Luogeng is also the founder and pioneer of Chinese analytical number theory, matrix geometry, typical group, self-governing function theory and so on. Hua Luogeng in the multi-variable function theory, the typical group of research leading Western mathematics community for more than 10 years, is the internationally renowned "typical group of Chinese schools." To create a Chinese mathematics school, and lead to achieve world-class level. Cultivate a number of outstanding young people, such as Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun, Wan Zhe first, Lu Qikeng, Gong Sheng and so on. Scientific research In the international fossilization of the mathematical research results are "Fahrenheit Theorem", "Huaiyi - China inequality", "Fahrenheit inequality", "Plauville - plus the Chinese theorem", "Fahrenheit operator", " - Wang method "and so on. The 20th century, 40 years, to solve the Gaussian complete triangle and the estimation of this historical problem, get the best error order estimate; on GH Hardy and JE Ritterwood on Hualin problem and E. Wright on the results of the Tarry problem Made a major improvement, triangular and research results by the international mathematical community known as the "Fahrenheit Theorem". In the algebra, the basic theorem of the one-dimensional projective geometries left in history is proved, and a simple and direct proof of the result of the regular body of the body must be included in its center, Bauer - theorem. And Professor Wang Yuan in modern mathematical theory of applied research has been an important achievement, known as the "Hua - Wang method." Academic Works Hua Luo Geng left ten great masterpiece: "heap prime theory", "index and the valuation and its application in the number theory", "multiple complex function theory of the harmonic analysis of the typical domain", " , "The typical group" (with Wan Zhe first co-authored), "from the unit round", "number theory in the application of the approximate analysis" (with Wang Yuan co-author), "second order two independent variables two unknown function Coefficient linear partial differential equations "(co-authored with others)," preferred science "and" mathematical economics of the planned economy ", among which eight are translated and published abroad and have been included in the 20th century math classics. In addition, there are more than 150 academic papers, popular science works "preferred law commentary and its supplement", "co-ordination law commentary and supplement" and so on, as "Hua Luogeng popular science anthology." 华罗庚主要荣誉 Hua Luogeng for the development of Chinese mathematics to make contributions, known as "the father of modern Chinese mathematics", "the god of mathematics in China", "people mathematician." In the international prestigious math master, his name in the United States Smithsonian Museum and the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology and other famous museum, with a few classic mathematician together, was listed as "Chicago Science and Technology Museum in today"s world 88 One of the great men of mathematics ". In 1948 was elected to the Central Academy of Sciences. In 1955 was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician). 1982 was elected as the American Academy of Sciences foreign academician. In 1983 was elected as the third World Academy of Sciences. 1985 was elected as the German Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Was awarded to the University of Nancy in France, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the University of Illinois honorary doctorate.2023-06-25 16:20:141
有句名言里面有什么僵,意思是制度长期不变化,就没有了生命力
说的是“流水不腐,户枢不蠹”吧,比喻在思想发展过程中,必须对现有的思想不断的进行批判和反思,不断坚持批评和自我批评,才能使思想不僵化不保守,保持活力和先进。2023-06-25 16:20:232
七大罪的用语解释
布里塔尼亚大陆上最大的国家,人口约16万。圣骑士团软禁了国王后大肆扩张自身权力以致民不聊生。里昂尼丝王国骑士团组织等级: 圣骑士长 —— 枢机卿 —— 圣骑士(金刚- 白金- 苍玉- 红玉- 翠玉- 水晶)—— 骑士/见习圣骑士 三千年前的大战中被其他四个种族联手击败并封印了的种族。十诫新章中部分封印被解开后所释放出的九位魔神族,梅利奥达斯称其为魔神王的直属精锐部队〈十戒〉。 神器是在七大罪结成之日,里昂尼丝国王赠予七位团员的武器。金曾用湖水来比喻魔力,而道具则是在其中取水的方式,其中能将魔力的效果完美呈现的道具被称为“神器”。 神器 持有者简介与相关必杀技魔剑LostVayne 梅利奥达斯魔力:全反击 外表是一柄有五个孔的短刀,刻有龙的图案。当初为了筹措开设“猪帽子亭”的资金而被卖掉,后来被马琳暗中买回,现时则再次回到梅利奥达斯手上。特性:「实像分身」可召唤出多个分身,本体闘级不变,分身的闘级随数量减半,配合团长的魔力,全体同时使出“全反击”威力极强。 战锤GIDEON(破坏者) 黛安魔力:创造 巨大的战锤,重约2200磅。 ◇大地的怒号:锤击地面击飞岩石,并使所有岩石在空中整合成一个巨大的岩石坠落攻击敌人。◇大地的刚剑:锤击地面,使地面突出巨大的尖锐石剑击穿敌人。◇双拳:战锤旋转以制造出两个巨石铁拳,接着粉碎中间的目标。◇升天陨石:让大地呈星形向天升起,籍气压攻击对手。 圣棍Courechouse 班魔力:抢夺 两端为尖的四节棍,自五年前被关进巴斯特监狱后时被没收,至今仍然下落不明。番外篇《爱丁堡的吸血鬼》中出现。 ◇死神的一薙:瞬间取下复数敌人的首级。 灵枪CHASTIEFOL 金魔力:灾厄 以存在于精灵界的神树为材料所制的枪,强度在钢之上,拥有再生机能。金的魔力”灾厄“可以把灵枪的特性与力量100%引出发挥。与引出的力量相应,拥有10种不同形态变化,目前只出现过六种变化,平时金都是以抱枕形态携带。第二形态「守护獣 Guardian」变成一只质地贴近苔藓的巨大布偶熊。正体是神树为抵抗外敌守护自身,而将旁边的苔藓形状化而成的产物。非常软,由于含水量多,能抵抗火属性,弱点是冰。平时的抱枕形态是「守护兽」的简易型,也能防御攻击。第三形态「化石化 Fossilization」变成蟹钳一样的枪。此枪在刺中后会石化对方。第四形态「光华 Sunflower」能变为巨大植物花苞,开花后从花芯中放出无数光束炮,进行大范围轰炸;亦能集中火力轰击敌人。第五形态「増殖 Increase」分裂出无数飞镖状的小灵枪进攻与防守。第七形态「导苔 Luminosity」变成一个土星状的发光体,用以照明。第八形态「花粒园 Pollen Garden」模拟神树自愈过程,形成巨大球体的大范围防御,治疗速度慢但可以立刻缓解痛感。 神器解放「真·灵枪Chastiefol」巨型的灵枪,金以全部魔力解放神器的真正形态,有着极为强大的威力。 ◇炸裂刃雨:将大量的小灵枪集中再以雨状降下攻击。◇群蜂飞舞:以灵枪对敌人迅速地从各方位移动攻击。 双弓Herritt 高瑟魔力:入侵 埋藏在在高瑟身体内,从手腕发出光的弓箭,可以和『疮盖的记忆』一起扫射。虽然是光,但其实存在着实体,根据武器的不同,可以承受对手的攻击。 ◇窥探之光:射出光针刺在对方身上,可以强制读取对方记忆。◇疮盖的记忆:从神器放射出光的魔力,被击中的目标的记忆会暂时被按照设定篡改,催眠术一般的技能。但一旦被发现与事实的矛盾时记忆便会复原。◇恶梦细语:讲光针刺入对方头部,将对方心中的恐惧引出、把其精神关在噩梦之中无法醒来。◇光箭传达:光之箭贯穿对方头部,可以瞬间共享情报。一次可与对多人使用。◇大停电:透过双弓释放大量能量,能令有效范围内气力低于400的人晕倒。◇傀儡倒挂:利用双弓的光之箭来控制他物。 明星Aldan 玛琳魔力:不明 一个表面印有数千个古代文字的球状神器。效用尚不明。 神斧Rhitta 艾斯卡诺魔力:太阳 一把巨大的单手斧,其重量连团长梅利奥达斯也难以搬动。 圣战“当流星以十字划破天空之时 / 布里塔利亚的最大威胁将会降临 / 这是从古代就已定下的命运的试炼 / 光的引导者和黑之血脉的圣战开始的预兆”。本是指三千年前,为了对抗魔神族而联手的四族联军在当时发生的大战。里昂妮丝王因为自身的魔力而有了圣战将再启的预言。这也是圣骑士发起政变软禁国王的主因,两位圣骑士长对预言中的“光之引导者”和“黑之血脉”有着自己的解释,但其中的含意究竟为何却没人能确切把握。现在第一个预兆“当流星以十字划破天空之时”已经发生。魔力本作角色能发动超常力量的来源,也是各自能力的总称。会依使用者的精神与意志而呈现出不同效果,该魔力的效果也可说是使用者的象征。不过魔力虽然强大,但却必须依靠道具才能发挥,甚至没有道具的辅助就无法呈现完全的效果(金曾用湖水来比喻魔力,而道具则是在其中取水的方式)。闘级该作中人物强度的一种表现方式。魔力表示的是对方魔力的强大,武力表示的是对方身体能力的强大,气力表示的是这个人的冷静程度以及忍耐力的强度,三者统合起来就是闘级。女神族于太古时代封印了魔神族的古代种族,现因不明原因消失在世界上。在古代与人类、妖精族和巨人族联手击败了魔神族。魔神族三千年前的大战中被其他四个种族联手击败并封印了的种族。拥有邪恶且强大的魔力,有着复数的心脏,不将其全数破坏就不会死亡。低阶红色魔神身材肥胖,具有怪物的姿态。高阶银色魔神则身材高大,外型更接近人的姿态。最高阶的魔神长相与人类无异,但脸上会显现代表该种族的黑色纹章,纹章因人而异,身体也被众多黑色斑纹包覆著。“魔神王”为最高掌权者,旗下有着跟七大罪相似形式的骑士团,为魔神王的直属部队“十戒”。魔法道具魔术士开发的有着魔法力量的道具。里昂妮丝王国内圣骑士所用的道具多为玛琳所开发。 咒言之玉:比乒乓球略小的珠子,上面写有咒语且有不同的颜色,不同的咒语有不同的功效。已知效用有”超回复术“、”永劫封印术“、”扩音器“。 缩小药:用胆小蘑菇身上采取的精华所制成的灵药,吃下后能使人身体变小。效用时间一粒7小时。 巴洛魔的魔眼:玛琳曾受某个王家的委托,为了测量某些人有没有达到圣骑士的水平而制造出来的魔法道具。是一个能够让佩戴着看穿对方斗级强度的道具。2023-06-25 16:20:301
人死后,为什么会变冷?
女人死后身体会发生什么变化 女人死后身体会发生什么变化,生老病死是一件很正常的事情,人死了以后,身体会发生很多变化的,而且大部分都是让人感到十分恶心的,我和大家一起来看看女人死后身体会发生什么变化。 女人死后身体会发生什么变化1 死亡之前:当心脏停止跳动的时候,有些人会开始抽搐,呼吸从正常的节奏转为急促,同时耳朵首先变冷。身体内的血液转为酸性,喉咙开始痉挛 - 死神降临。 死亡瞬间:医学意义上的死亡被定义为大脑排出所有氧气。这时,人的瞳孔会变成看上去像玻璃晶体一样的物质。 死亡1分钟:已经凝结在一起的血液开始导致全身的皮肤变色。肌肉处于完全松弛的状态,肠和膀胱开始排空。 死亡3分钟:这个时候开始,脑细胞开始成批的死亡。高等思维的过程 - 例如考虑怎么才能不死 - 或生前对不起谁 - 终止。 死后4-5分钟:瞳孔放大并开始失去光泽。眼球已经开始从球体慢慢变平,因为这时身体内已经没有血压了。 死后7-9分钟:脑干死亡。 死后1-4小时:身体肌肉开始僵硬,并使头发竖立,也就是这个原因,人死后看上去头发长长了。 死后4-6小时:尸僵开始扩散。凝结的血液开始使皮肤变黑。 死后6小时:肌肉仍然会痉挛。一些厌氧性的生理反应仍然在继续。 死后8小时:身体已经彻底凉了。最黑色幽默的是,这种情况下,男人会实现一生中最后一次,也是最KB的一次的坚挺。(王小波 的书中 有提到的 ) 死后36-48小时:尸僵现象开始消失,身体重新变软,柔软到可以去表演柔术杂技。 死后24-72小时:由于身体内存在大量细菌,体内富含蛋白质的各内脏开始腐烂,而胰腺开始消化自身。 死后3-5天:身体上开始出现浮肿,带着血液的泡沫开始从口和鼻子中流淌出来,多么美好的`一天啊! 死后8-10天:各种因腐烂而产生的气体充斥腹部,舌头从嘴里伸出来了,由于血液开始分解,身体也随之从绿色变成红色。 死后几周:现在是化妆的时候了,指甲和牙齿开始脱落。 死后1个月:开始液化,有人想点杯草莓汁吗? 死后数月:脂肪会转化成绿色的物质,被称之为“尸蜡”。 死后一年:回归自然 女人死后身体会发生什么变化2 死后1分钟,瞳孔放大 心脏停止 血液不再流动,在重力的作用下,血液开始下沉,我原本白皙的皮肤变得更加苍白,这是死亡的第一阶段:苍白尸,苍白几乎在死后第一时间发生,平均时间:15-25分钟,它发生得如此之快,甚至对法医分析死亡时间,没有任何的帮助 死后10分钟,随着新陈代谢停止,寒冷“入侵”了我的身体,体温降低到环境一致,这便是死亡的第二阶段:尸冷,体温每小时降低1~2℃尸冷结束的平均时间为:5-10个小时,在冷库或冰雪中,这个速度可以短至1个小时,“由于脂肪的保温作用,胖子比瘦子的温度降得更慢,在这个阶段,法医可以根据环境温度、身材以及衣着情况,判断我的死亡时间 死后1小时,肌肉会在死后1~3个小时,逐渐变得强直、僵硬、关节固定并在4~6小时,从局部肌群扩散到全身,这是死后的第三个阶段:尸僵(Rigor mortis),少部分人死后屹立不倒,或紧紧握住犯罪人留下的证据这并不是尸僵,而是尸体痉挛,尸体痉挛多发生在死亡的最后一秒钟,凶手就是这条项链的主人! 死后2小时,血液不断往身体下方沉积淤积在了毛细血管和小静脉内,它们或如云雾状,或如条块,这是死后的第四阶段:尸斑(Livor mortis),尸斑在死后2~4小时出现它随时间逐渐增多8~12小时出现最大斑块24~36小时定型, 死后3小时,随着免疫系统的彻底凉凉,我身体内的细菌和真菌正在大量繁殖肠道内产生大量的刺鼻气体从口、鼻、肛门溢出,这是死后的第五个阶段:腐化(Putrefaction),腐化发生在3-6小时,将持续到死后的一个月。此时我身体内的一些细胞和组织还有生物活性如果受到一定的刺激可能会发生超生反应例如,男性死后30个小时内精子都还有活性最高记录是在大利亚,一车祸死亡的男子,并最终下一名男婴。 死后6小时我的尸体完全冰冷了下来发生全身性的尸僵 死后12小时我身体下方的尸斑连成了一大片犹如一片绚烂的樱花随着细胞组织失去生物活性我身体内释放的酶开始分解自身组织器官变软或液化这种现象叫做自溶血水从口鼻中流出腐败气味引来了昆虫和苍蝇无数生命将从我的身体内诞生 死后24小时,随着肌肉的逐渐溶解僵硬的身体渐渐柔软了下来,血液里的铁元素转变成硫化亚铁尸斑逐渐转变成绿色,被称为尸绿,“通常情况下,每个人死后都会被绿一次。夏天可短至12小时,冬天可长至4个月,随着血液向下身汇聚我出现了最后一次坚挺这叫死亡勃起,又被称为“盎格鲁人欲望”,死亡勃起通常发生在上吊死亡或正面朝下,"死亡勃起一经产生,通常不会再消进,一直到最后...... 死后48小时,身体内的气体越来越多我开始膨胀了,从胸腹部开始,形成腐败静脉网,这在法医学上称为死后循环,血液流向尸体表面,形成腐败水泡 死后72小时,随着腐败气体越来越多,我的整个躯体和四肢都肿胀了起来,“巨人观出现的时间;夏季:死后2~3天春秋:死后3~7天冬季:死后15~30天,此时尸体会发生“上吐下泻”现象甚至肛门脱出,如果是怀孕的女性还会发生死后分娩,孕妇死后,婴儿的平均存活期只有5分钟发生死后分娩时,婴儿也已经开始腐败。 死后10天,随着进一步腐烂,身体内出现黑色,我的身体也膨胀到了极致 死后20天,组织软化,器官和身体内的空洞开始爆裂,指甲和牙齿脱落,“鲸鱼尸体的鲸爆现象,大约在此阶段发生” 死后30天,尸体高度腐败,如果生前的人见到我,已经认不出我是谁,这是死后的第六个阶段:分解(Decomposition),陆地上的尸体,在夏天经过1~1.5月的时间软组织便会全部或大部分液化甚至完全分解消失,尸体的分解,通常从死后就开始了 死后1年,随着皮肤和肌肉全部分解我最终暴露出了白森森的骨头,这是死后的第七个阶段:白骨化(Skeletonization),虽然白骨化通常在1年左右发生但盛夏可加速度到15~30天, 死后20年,如果落在酸性而肥沃的土壤中,我的骨头会逐渐溶解,彻底回归自然, 死后100年,如果落在中性的土壤或沙子里我可以保存得稍微久一些但也最终会在岁月中彻底消逝, 死后1万年,如果落在细腻、干燥、缺氧,或轻度碱化的土壤中我将会得到长期保存,在1万年甚至更久的时间长河里我渐渐转变成了长期存在的矿物,这是死后的第八个也是最后一个阶段:石化(Fossilization),或许死后我们的尸骨还有一次永恒的机会但活着却只有唯一的一次2023-06-25 16:20:432
人死后身体的变化?
除了失去生命体征之外,身体会随着时间的流逝开始腐败,甚至出现一些明显的改变,例如身体变冷、肌肉松弛、身体腐败、有尸斑出现等。人死亡后48小时的变化十分明显,一般死亡之后身体停止产生热量。因此人的尸体温度会慢慢降低,出现身体变冷的情况,一般死亡后三到四个小时,就会和周围环境保持异样的温度了。在活着的时候,人的肌肉是保持紧绷,有弹性的状态,而且血液循环速度较快,死亡之后人的肌肉开始发生变化,多有肌肉松弛的表现。此时死亡人士的肢体肌肉变软,皮肤失去弹性,而且关节容易屈伸。一般在死亡后几个小时内,死亡人士的肌肉就会松弛明显,随后会慢慢僵硬,这些都是人死亡后的表现。一般在没有采取任何冷藏手段的时候,人的尸体在48小时内就出现会轻度腐败。如果是在炎热的夏天,高温缓解下尸体的腐败速度加快,此时就容易散发出腐败的恶臭,内脏器官的腐败程度比较高。如果是在寒冷的冬季,那么此时身体的腐败速度比较慢。2023-06-25 16:20:552
求一些关于语言学的资料
貌似你写的我都学过诶!我有一本书,红色封皮,是我大学的教材,上面有你写的这些很详细的解释,可是我不知道怎么给你看哈,让我全打上去,有点夸张诶!呵呵!2023-06-25 16:21:035
小站托福three theories about origin of life求答案 大托福
官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage3原文文本The Cambrian ExplosionThe geologic timescale is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth—in only the last 10 percent of Earth"s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. This rapid origin and diversification of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.One interpretation regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize. Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition. In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.官方真题Official5托福阅读Passage3解析Question 1 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B significant: 显著的,重要的。A是许多的;B是重要的;C是未经解释的;D是突然的。答案B的important正确。Question 2 of 14正确答案:C题目解析:relatively: 相对地。A是令人意外地;B是共同地;C是相对地;D是典型地。所以comparatively相对地正确。对应原文:Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth—in only the last 10 percent of Earth"s history.原句relatively late之后有个破折号对这个进行了解释,说地球历史的最后10%,当然是相对靠后的。A吃惊B聚集D有特点都不对。Question 3 of 14正确答案:A题目解析:diversification: 分化。想到diverse多样,所以A出现了很多变体正确。对应原文:This rapid origin and diversification of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”原文与之并列的是origin(起源),带有出现的意思,所以emergence对得上;B的decline和D的disappear都说反了;C的body size与原文无关。Question 4 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B 以explosion做关键词定位至第一段最后一句,注意这道题的相关信息不在第二段而是在第一段。说rapid origin and diversification所以叫explosion,所以B正确。A的时间不能作为explosion的依据;C灭绝说反了;D火山爆发没说。Question 5 of 14正确答案:A题目解析:A EXCEPT题,排除法。A的simple step做关键词定位至第三句,但这句话不是一个问题,所以A错,选;B选项的so long对应原文第二句的so late,所以正确,不选,注意不要单纯以multicellular organism做关键词,会导致定位错误;C对应倒数第二句,正确,不选;D的lack evidence对应原文倒数第三句的not document,正确,不选Question 6 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B 问整段的题,注意各段的开头句;第二段提出了很多问题,而第三段一开始就给了一个explanation,说明是第二段问第三段答,所以B正确。第三段与第二段没有对比或者反对的关系,所以A和C都不对;也不是详细阐述,D错。Question 7 of 14正确答案:C题目解析:promote: 促进,提升。所以C的encourage正确。A是使…复杂;B是防止;D是影响。对应原文:Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition.原文的condition应该是对fossilization起到正面的作用,B的prevent和D的affect都是负面作用,所以都不对;complicate是使变复杂,原文没有给出相关信息,错。Question 8 of 14正确答案:C题目解析:C A的Precambrian对应第二句,正确,不选;C的相关信息也来自第二句,但第二句说的是worldwide in distribution,不是只在澳大利亚有,所以C说反了,选:Question 9 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B 原句最核心的关系是转折,后半句是作者的真实意思。转折之后说:大部分的古生物学家同意这些化石代表着非常特别的body forms,在Cambrian早期出现,在末期消亡,没有留下子孙后代。D项没有确切结论(从whether看出),原文有,所以D错;原文后半句说T出现在C早期,晚期就没了,也没有后代,A和C都说有后代,错;所以答案B正确。Question 10 of 14正确答案:D题目解析:Anomalocaris和Wiwaxia是两种unassignable动物的例子,往前看:These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.前句很清楚说有些动物是不能被分在任何一个group里,接着就给了这两种作为例子,所以D正确,其他都没说。Question 11 of 14正确答案:C题目解析:C 也是一道功能目的题,前句说BS有很多已经灭绝的动物,它们是现代动物group的代表;然后就=给出了S这个例子,所以C正确;不要受到B的干扰,原文说S是一种以前不知道的anthropod的代表,没说是以前不知道的BS的代表,所以错。Question 12 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B 以Cambrian Explosion做关键词定位至第二句,注意倒数第二句也有一个Cambrian Explosion,但因为与问题无关,所以不读。本句说寒武纪大爆发包含了很多动物的快速出现然后快速灭亡,接着提出问题为什么这么快并给出解答。所以问题中的unusual就是说快的不正常,所以答案B正确。A的new ecological niches原文没有相关信息;C原文只是一个问题,C变成了答案,不对;D错,原文最后一句说一个bed,不是很多beds,而且是awaiting discovery,不是已经发现了。Question 13 of 14正确答案:B题目解析:B两个过渡点,fossilization of soft-bodied animals和special environment,凭第一个A/B/C都有可能,但special environment说明A不对,而且应该先说需要一个特殊的环境然后再说这个环境是什么,而不是反过来。何况B点之后的condition和插入句中的environment刚好对应。Question 14 of 14正确答案:ABF题目解析:A.B.F little选项对应原文第三段第一句,正确。while选项对应原文第五段最后一句和第一段倒数第二句,正确。the Cambrian选项把原文的两个不相干的概念杂糅到一起,胡编乱造,不选。the Edicara选项对应第四段第一句,但因为第四段整个是个例子,所以这个是细节,不选。zoologist选项对应第七段最后一句,但是是细节,不选。although选项对应原文第七段倒数第三句,正确。2023-06-25 16:21:181
英语励志美文短篇100字 适合高中生晨读的优美英语短文
很多人想知道高中阶段可以读哪些优美的英语短文,下面我为大家精选了一些适合高中生晨读的优美英语短文,供参考! 高中生晨读的优美英语短文100字 1.Positive thinking. I"m obviously a big proponent of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals, but it turns out that it can lead to happiness too. Optimism and self-esteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives. Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives, and have a positive outlook on life. Action steps: Make positive thinking a habit. In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop. Get into the habit of squashing all negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones. Instead of “I can"t” think“I can”. It may sound corny, but it has worked for me, every time. 积极的思考。积极思考是达成你目标的最佳方式,我很显然是这一想法的强烈支持者,但同时它也能指引你走向幸福。乐观和自尊是快乐生活的人们的最佳写照。快乐的人们感到充满活力,能够控制他们的生活,同时积极看待生活。动作步骤:把积极思考培养成习惯。事实上,这应该是你首先培养的习惯之一。养成粉碎你的负面想法并用积极的想法替代它们的习惯。用“我能”的想法替代“我不能”。尽管听起来毫无新意,但对我来说每次都很奏效。 2、Positive thinking. I"m obviously a big proponent of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals, but it turns out that it can lead to happiness too. Optimism and self-esteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives. Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives, and have a positive outlook on life. Action steps: Make positive thinking a habit. In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop. Get into the habit of squashing all negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones. Instead of “I can"t” think“I can”. It may sound corny, but it has worked for me, every time. 积极的思考。积极思考是达成你目标的最佳方式,我很显然是这一想法的强烈支持者,但同时它也能指引你走向幸福。乐观和自尊是快乐生活的人们的最佳写照。快乐的人们感到充满活力,能够控制他们的生活,同时积极看待生活。动作步骤:把积极思考培养成习惯。事实上,这应该是你首先培养的习惯之一。养成粉碎你的负面想法并用积极的想法替代它们的习惯。用“我能”的想法替代“我不能”。尽管听起来毫无新意,但对我来说每次都很奏效。 优美英语美文摘抄 1. Many people believe that they will be happy once they arrive at some specific goal they set for themselves. However, more often than not, once you arrive " there" you will still feel dissatisfied, and move your " there" vision to yet another point in the future. By always chasing after another "there," you are never really appreciating what you already have right "here." It is important for human beings to keep soberminded about the age-old drive to look beyond the place where you now stand. On one hand, your life is enhanced by your dreams and aspirations. On the other hand, these drives can pull you farther and farther from your enjoyment of your life right now. By learning the lessons of gratitude and abundance, you can bring yourself closer to fulfilling the challenge of living in the present. 译文: 许多人都相信,一旦他们达到了自己所设定的某个特定目标,他们就会开心、快乐。然而事实往往是,当你到达彼岸时,你还是不知足、不满意,而且又有了新的彼岸--新的幻想和憧憬。由于你总是疲于追逐一个又一个的彼岸,你从未真正欣赏、珍惜你已经拥有的一切。不安于现状的欲望人皆有之,由来已久,但重要的是要对它保持清醒的头脑。一方面,你的生活因为梦想和渴望而更加精彩。另一方面,这些欲望又使你越来越不懂得珍惜和享受现在拥有的生活。假如你能懂得感恩,学会知足,你就接近实现生活在现实中提出的要求。 2、Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 译文: 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽x本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。2023-06-25 16:21:381
中介语的K. K. Selinker中介语理论
K. K. Selinker认为,负责中介语建构的认知过程有五种,它们是:语言的迁移(language transfer);训练的迁移(transfer of training);第二语言学习的策略(strategies of L2 learning );第二语言交际的策略(strategies of L2 communication);目的语材料的过度泛化(overgeneralization of the target language )。Selinker认为,学习者形成的中介语知识系统实际上是一系列心理语法,学习者利用这些语法来解释和产生言语。这些心理语法是动态的、易于变化的,随着学习的不断深入,中介语知识系统包含了越来越复杂的心理语法。Selinker认为,在第二语言学习过程存在着语言石化(fossilization)现象。它是指某些非目的语的语法、语音等长期存在于中介语中,并且不易改变的现象。由于存在着语言石化现象,使得多数学习者不能完全获得目的语的语言能力。KK中介语理论后来有所的发展,但讨论的问题主要集中在中介语的三个特征方面:①中介语具有可渗透性,即组成中介语的规则并不是固定不变的,它可以受到来自学习者母语和目的语的规则或形式的渗透。②中介语具有可变性,即中介语是不断变化的,这种变化不是从一个阶段突然跳到下一阶段,而是不断的借助“假设-检验”手段,缓慢地修改已有的规则以适应目的语新规则的过程。③中介语具有系统性,即中介语是相对独立的语言系统,它具有一套独特的语音、语法和词汇规则体系。KK中介语理论是较早用认知观点解释第二语言学习的理论模型,其重要意义首先在于它把第二语言学习看作是一种心理过程,并提供了一个理论框架来解释这种心理过程,而且这种理论为后来人们采用实验的方法研究第二语言的学习提供了理论基础。其次,Selinker提出的中介语概念,从认知心理学的角度来看,它实际是语言知识的一种表征。因此这一概念的提出为后来认知理论进一步探讨这一表征的性质,及这种表征在第二言语学习中的作用打下了理论基础。Selinker中介语理论的不足主要在于它并没有明确说明中介语系统是如何发展变化的,也没有说明中介语系统是怎样影响语言输出的。2023-06-25 16:22:001
介绍南阳的英语短文 介绍河南南阳的英语短文.(速度!跪求!)
Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】 As food is to the body,so is learning to the mind.Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food.Likewise,we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity.Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning,analysis,and judgment.Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age,and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops,vegetation sets in.It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge.On the contrary,learning should be a never-ending process,from the cradle to the grave.With the world ever changing so fast,the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind.What"s worse,the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life,weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal,sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character.Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind,or even worse,its fossilization,Therefore,to stay mentally young,we have to take learning as a lifelong career.2023-06-25 16:22:121
求一篇英语短文,正好写1面就行,我们学校英语书法比赛。
自己可以从一些美文中挑一段哦!可以在爱问知识共享下载然后参考就好了2023-06-25 16:22:303
介绍南阳的英语短文
写一篇中文用汉译英不就解决了。2023-06-25 16:22:392
英语小问题
例如: This is me 我是···我···岁,我来自···我现在住在···我的爱好是···我喜欢···我经常在周末做···因为···我希望··· (我也才上初一,所以我只能想这么多,不好意思!!)2023-06-25 16:22:503
learing is a lifelong journey写一篇英语作文
As food is to the body,so is learning to the mind.Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food.Likewise,we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity.Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning,analysis,and judgment.Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age,and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty.Once learning stops,vegetation sets in.It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge.On the contrary,learning should be a never-ending process,from the cradle to the grave.With the world ever changing so fast,the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind.What"s worse,the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life,weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal,sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character.Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind,or even worse,its fossilization,Therefore,to stay mentally young,we have to take learning as a lifelong career.2023-06-25 16:22:581
求初中英语阅读文章 (原文+翻译)
1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends, I"ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week"s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。 5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了! 6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是桌球,桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。7.经过一周的相处,我发现您是一个可爱而风趣的女士。上您的课时我总感觉时间飞逝。不过我还是不太习惯。不同于我们初中的学习方式的是,您总是在课堂上说口语。有时,我会发现您说的很难理解由于很快的语速、很多的生词。这使我感觉听课会很困难。对此我有一些建议。我希望您可以在最初的这段时间内,对您所用的生词多作解释。这将对我有很大帮助。谢谢。希望我们能成为好朋友。我相信,以后听您的课时我们将十分自信与快乐。I found that you are a lovely and humourous lady after getting along with you for a week. Time flies when I am in your class. However I am not used to your way of teaching. you always speak English in the class, which is different from the way in middle school. Sometimes I found it"s difficult to follow you because your fast speed of speach and many new words. Therefore, I have some suggestions. I hope you could explain more about the new words you often use during this period of time. I think it will be a great help for me. Thanks.I hope that we can be good friends. I believe that we will be more self-confident and happier in your class.8.A Story About Zhou Enlai When Zhou Enlai was a little boy,he always worked hard.He kept on write one hundred Chinese characters every day. But one day,many friends of his mather"s came to his house.ZhouEnlai was helping his mather with housework in the day.He had no time to write. At night,he was very tired and wanted very much to sleep.But he still thought he should finish writing the Chinese characters before he went to bed. When seeing this,his mother made the bed quickly and said,"Do it tomorrow!" "No, mother,today"s work must be done today." Zhou Enlai went to the kitchen,put his head into the clod water .Then he took out some paper and a writing brush. His mother adivised him to sleep again.But he said,"Mum,go to bed yourself.I must fisish writing one hundred Chinese characters today,for I can"t leave today"s work over till tomorrow." After Zhou Enlai finished writing,he weng to bed at ease.翻译:一篇关于周恩来当周恩来是个小男孩的时候,他总是工作很努力。他不停地写100汉字每一天。但是有一天,很多朋友他的妈妈来到了他家。ZhouEnlai帮他妈妈做家务在路上行驶。他没有时间再写了。晚上,他非常疲倦,很想睡觉。但他仍然认为他应该写完汉字在睡觉前。当看到这一幕,他的母亲整理床铺迅速,说:“明天再做!”“不,妈妈,今天的工作必须做的今天。”周恩来走到厨房,把他的头撞到了寒冷的水然后他拿出一些纸和毛笔。他的母亲adivised他又睡着了。但耶稣对他们说:“妈妈,去睡觉吧你自己。我必须fisish写100汉字今天,我不能把今天的工作拖到明天去做。”周恩来写完后,他嘛呢嘛呢嗡啊上床自在。9. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization. 中国人民一向赞赏奥林匹克精神的宗旨和原则,支持奥林匹克运动为促进世界和平所做的努力。中国政府和中国人民正全力以赴,做好2008年北京奥运会的筹备工作,力争把2008年奥运会办成一次弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的盛会,让奥林匹克精神在中国这一东方文明古国再次得到发扬。10.How to Study English Well? 怎样学好英语? We all know that English is very useful. Many people in the world speak English. So more and more people in China study it. How to study English well? I think we must have a good way to study English. If you want to learn English well, listening, speaking, reading and writing are important. You should listen to tapes every day. You should often speak English with your teachers and friends. You should read English every morning. And, you had better keep a diary every day. In this way, you can study English well. 我们都知道英语很有用,世界上有许多人讲英语。所以中国也有越来越多的人学英语。 怎样把英语学好?我想我们必须有一个好的学习英语的方法。如果你想学好英语,听、说、读、写很重要。你应该每天听磁带,你应该经常同老师和朋友们讲英语,你应该每天早晨读英语,而且你最好每天记一篇日记。用这种方法,你就能学好英语。2023-06-25 16:23:081
求英语高手,帮我弄一篇英语作文出来1500个字,关于学习第一语言和第二语言的各种比较以及我们应该怎
英语作文还1500个字你们老师真狠!!!=====网上找篇论文,大概翻一下——第一语言习得和第二语言习得的比较 浙江省湖州市湖州师范学院外国语学院 周元辉 摘要:第一语言习得和第二语言习得是当前外语教学理论与实践的焦点问题。它们之间存在着密切的关系,既有不同点,又有相同点。不同点主要表现在对两种习得的理论研究不同、习得的年龄不同、习得的动机不同、习得的方式不同和习得的环境不同等方面;而相同点主要表现在两种习得都必须具有一定的语言环境、掌握一定的语言知识以及都必须经过一定的语言习得阶段等方面。本文探讨的两种习得之间的差异正是第二语言教学中应该引起注意的方面,因此若采取适应的措施和方法,能进一步提高第二语言习得的效果。同时,本文探讨的两种习得之间的相同点反映出语言习得的普遍规律,有助于更好地理解第一语言的习得。 关键词:第一语言习得;第二语言习得;不同点;相同点 第一语言习得通常指人们在幼年时期对自己母语的习得,而第二语言的习得通常要晚于第一语言的习得,本文谈到的第二语言习得是从广义上来说的,指人们对外语和第二语言的习得。要探讨两种语言习得的性质或特点,最好的办法是将第一语言习得跟第二语言习得作比较,有比较才能鉴别出二者的异同。 一、第一语言习得和第二语言习得的不同点 1、 语言习得的理论研究不同 1.1 第一语言习得的理论研究 研究第一语言习得的理论产生于18 世纪,始于德国的哲学家Dietrich Tiedemann 对他的孩子婴儿时期心理和语言发展过程的研究。但由于受到研究方法的限制,在此之后的半个世纪内对儿童语言习得的研究发展较慢。直到20 世纪60、70 年代,随着Chomsky 的生成语法的发展,这方面的研究才开始日趋系统化和科学化。而且在近几十年内,对第一语言习得的研究也得到了迅速地发展。由于看问题的角度和研究的方法不同,出现了很多不同的理论: a.行为主义理论(Behavioristic Theory) 行为主义心理学理论盛行于20 世纪40 年代50 年代,对第一语言习得的研究产生过深刻的影响。在语言习得研究领域中的行为主义理论的主要代表人物是Bloomfield 和Skinner。行为主义认为,“任何知识的取得都是靠直接经验,只有通过客观的、可观察的实验而获得的材料才是可靠的,……在生活中,我们会经历到各种刺激和反应,相同的刺激和反应不断出现,于是我们便不自觉地把某种刺激与反应联系起来…… 。具体的外部刺激除了产生体力上的反应,同时也产生语言反应。”在行为主义看来,语言不是先天所有而是后天习得的,他们强调外部条件在母语习得过程中的作用。简单地说,这种行为主义认为儿童的大脑原本是一块白板,儿童是通过刺激-反应-强化的模式养成习惯而学会母语的。这种理论把儿童看成是一个完全由环境来改造的对象,过分强调了环境的作用,强调后天通过刺激-反应养成习惯,忽视认知能力的作用。它不能解释语言的抽象本质、语言的创造性使用以及语言意义的习得。 b.先天论 (The Innateness Hypothesis) 先天论认为:人类生来就具有一套语言知识,这套语言知识必定含有世界上所有自然语言的共同特征,即具有普遍性。Chomsky 称这种语法为“普遍语法”(Universal Grammar)。“普遍语法”可以看作是由遗传的得来的“语言智能的初始状态”,通过经验的触发与完型的作用,初始状态发展为相对稳固的新状态,在新状态中包括了通过学习获得的那部分语法。Chomsky 指出,一个儿童一般在五六岁时就可以掌握母语;这个年龄的儿童的智力还很不发达,学习其他知识(如数学,物理)还相当困难,而学习语言这样容易。这种现象,用“白板说”或“刺激-反应”论都解释不通……儿童在五六年之内所接触的话语毕竟是有限的,然而,儿童学到的句子却是无限的。儿童可以说出从来没有说过的句子,也可以听懂从来没有听到过的句子。总之,儿童从有限的话语中学到的是一套完整的语法知识,用有限 的手段 表达无限的思想。语言的这种 “创造性”(creativity)决不可能靠“刺激-反应”产生出来……儿童天生有一种学习语言的能力,比如说是“语言习得机制”(language acquisition device),它使一切正常儿童,只要稍许接触语言材料,就能在几年之内习 得母语。这种理论能解释语言意义的获得,语言的抽象性以及语言的创造性使用等方面。巴黎的国家科学研究所的一些专家们发现一周岁的法国婴儿能区分法语音素和俄语音素,他们解释这是因为人类固有一套语言能力基因,他们的发现似乎证明了Chomsky 的“语言习得机制”假说。然而,先天论过分看重了儿童的天赋,忽视后天环境的作用,忽视反复操练养成习惯的必要性。先天论与行为主义是两个极端的理论。 c.认知论(Cognitive Theory) 认知论的代表人物是D. L. Slokin , J. Piaget 和L. Bloom。该理论认为:儿童不是一出生就会说话,而是发育到差不多一岁的时候才开始说话,这是因为儿童在发育的过程中,在接触、感知外界事物的过程中,形成了一定的“认知图式”,这种“认知图式”是一种“智慧”,“智慧的两个主要机能是发展和理解。”根据Piaget 的观点,儿童的智力发展要经过四个阶段,感觉运算阶段0-2 岁、前运算阶段2-7 岁 、具体运算阶段7-11 岁和形式运算阶段11-16 岁。11 岁前后是儿童智力发展的关键时期,在这一时期,儿童跨越具体体验,其感性认知开始由具体思维向抽象思维转变,因此,这一时期也通常被称为语言习得关键期。认知论把语言习得的发展看作是学习者的内在机制与语言输入或环境相互作用的结果,只有学习者和他的对话者相互努力,语言习得的质量才能保证。 1.2 第二语言习得的理论研究 第二语言习得研究是在20 世纪60 年代才开始受到人们的普遍重视。然而,在此后短短的几十年间,有关这方面的理论研究发展的异常迅速,并且成为了应用语言学的一项重要的研究。迄今为止,研究者们提出的第二语言习得理论至少有40 余种,在这里主要介绍两种: a.中介语理论(The Interlanguage Theory) 中介语是由美国语言学家L. Selinker 等人于20 世纪60 年代末70 年代出提出的,中介语(即过渡语)是指在学习第二语言的过程中,学习者在未全部掌握目的语以前往往会使用一种既与自己本族语不同,又与所学目的语无任何联系的过度性语言。随着学习时间的推移,过渡语会演变,演变的速度有时快,有时慢,有时还会“僵化”(Fossilization)。演变的主要原因是学习策略。Selinker (1972)将中介语划分为独立的语言系统,认为它是由学习者的五个主要的认知过程产生的结果:1)语言的转换(language transfer),2)训练的转换(transfer of training),3)第二语言学习策略(strategy of SL learning),4)第二语言交际策略(strategy of SL communication),5)对目的语的语言材料的过度概括(overgeneralization of TL material)。Widdowson 把以上学习过程统称为简化过程,简化能力属于人类正常语言交际能力的一部分。中介语有四个特征:创造性、开放性、灵活性和系统性。中介语理论认为第二语言习得与第一语言习得是两种不同的过程。这种理论在目前第二语言习得研究中颇受重视。目前有关这一理论还有许多问题有待进一步研究和探讨,如外语学习过程中僵化形成的原因以及如何避免僵化?中介语的始点是什么? b.语言监控理论(The Monitor Model) 第二语言习得理论中最全面的、最为认知的,也是目前争议最大的就是美国语言学家Krashen 的语言监控理论。它共有五个阶段:1、习得与学习区分假设(The Acquisition-Learning Division):说明自然习得是一种下意识的过程,而正式学习是一种有意识的过程;2、自然顺序假设(The Natural Order Hypothesis):强调学习者在绝大多数情况下遵循一个不变的先后顺序;3、监控假设(The Monitor Hypothesis):认为人人都有一个语言控制、调节系统,学习者利用这一系统调节自己的语言行为;4、输入假设(The Input Hypothesis):当学习者能够理解超出其语言水平的语言输入(i+1)时,自然语言习得就会发生;5、情感过滤假设 (The Affective Filter Hypothesis):说明感情因素对第二语言习得的影响。监控理论也存在一些问题,如 1)Krashen 把学习与习得这两个概念截然区分开来,并将其理论建立在对这两个概念的区分之上,这是不可靠的。因为这两者难以在实践中得到检验,同时,Krashen 也无法说明习得和学习的认知心理过程;2)Krashen 的一系列假设无法用实践加以检验等 。 二、习得的年龄不同 第一语言习得通常是在人们的儿童时期就开始了,而第二语言习得则大都是在人们的青少年以后开始的。年龄的不同必然会引起儿童和成人在大脑发育、认知能力和情感因素等方面相差甚远,因而儿童习得第一语言和成人学习第二语言存在差异。Penfield 和 Roberts(1959)认为理解和产生语言的神经功能最初是 分布在大脑的左右侧,整个大脑都参与语言学习,所以儿童吸收新的语言信息就快些、容易些。而 Eric Lenneberg(1967)指出,在两岁到青春期这一段时间内,人的智力的、逻辑的、分析的功能渐渐地被侧化到左半球,情感的社会功能则逐渐地受控于右半球,人的语言功能主要集中在左半球,因而在青春期之后,大脑已发育成熟,功能侧化已完成,人的神经系统不再有弹性,使得成人在习得第二语言是,失去了生理功能上的优势,因而很难获得母语般的熟练。另外,根据Piaget 的观点,儿童在初学语言时,完全处于自我中心地位,很少受到情感因素的影响,有时甚至意识不到自己是在学习语言,正是这种“无意识”才使儿童学习语言容易取得成功。同时,儿童认知能力的发展与语言能力的发展同步进行,相互促进,相互提高,认知能力的发展为语言能力的发展提供了生物基础,而语言能力的发展又进一步促进认知能力的发展。成人则由于认知能力的发展已日趋完善,认知能力的发展与语言习得相脱离,第二语言对于习得者来说不是唯一可依赖的思维工具。相反,对第二语言的理解往往要借助第一语言来完成,因此,习得者会在相当一段时间内无法用第二语言来思维,而是把它当作一种特殊的任务来完成。同时,成人在第二语言习得的过程中情感渗入太多,如怕犯错误被人取笑等,因此不轻易应用所学语言表达自己的观点,从而限制了语言习得的灵活性和创造性。 习得的动机不同 儿童习得母语是出于其本能—一种生存和发展的需要,这种动机是一种自然的需要,可以持久不变,而且不需要别人的督促。第二语言习得的动机要复杂一些,Gardener(1985) 把动机区分为“ 综合性动机”(integrative motivation) 和“工具性动机”(instrumental motivation)两种类型,有“综合性动机”的学习者喜欢所学语言或受所学语言相联系的文化的影响,他们希望自己像目的语社会中的成员之一,并能为目的语社会所接受。有“工具性动机”的学习者则是将目的语看成是一种工具或需要,如出国、求职、升职的需要。这种动机体现了学习一门新语言的现实价值和优势。一般来说,学习者往往具有这两种动机,还有一种是“内在性动机”(intrinsic motivation)—学习动机可能来自于外界因素,也可能来自内在因素的影响,如受到某种因素的激发而产生的“好奇心”和“兴趣”等。如果没有这种学习者对学习的“内在兴趣”,那么,无论是“综合性动机”还是“工具性动机”,都难以有效发挥积极作用。因此,如何不断增强学习者的“内在兴趣”是第二语言习得的关键。 三、 习得的方式不同 儿童的第一语言是自然习得的,从一开始就注意实用;儿童习得的母语有相当一部分来自父母的语言,又称保姆式语言(caretaker talk or mother talk),其特点是简单、重复、实用,语言的输入和输出是与当时当地有关的事情,语言的集中点在于内容而不是形式,儿童与父母或其他人是在平等的情况下习得第一语言的。而第二语言学习者主要靠外语教师在课堂上传授,而教师是在课堂上用第二语言做不真实的事情,语言输入很多是脱离现实的,输入量又小,语言输入和输出大多以教科书为主,重形式而不是内容,教师控制课堂交际,所用材料是经过精选的,难易程度有时不太符合学习者的水平。儿童从小就使用第一语言进行真正的交际,通过交际习得语言。 四、 习得的环境不同 两种语言习得所处的语言环境不同。第一语言习得者出于母语的自然语言环境中,其周围的人都是母语的使用者,常常是一对一的学习环境,习得语言是没有压力,没有竞争,不必担心沐浴运用的好坏。他们是在语言的海洋中习得语言的。而第二语言学习者很少处于这样的语言环境,他们常常处于竞争性很强的、有压力的学习环境中,他们是在母语环境中学习另一种语言。而且第二语言学习者仅仅是在课堂上接触新语言,没有一个良好的语言学习环境。由于第一语言习得者随时随地都可以习得母语,并在实际运用语言他们是在真实的语言环境中习得语言;而第二语言学习者由于缺少使用语言的环境,只能模拟,结果到了真正应用时,有些知识往往是学非所用。另外,两种语言习得所处的文化环境也不同,要习得一种语言必须习得和该语言有关的文化,儿童在母语环境中习得母语的同时,也就自然地习得了母语的文化和社会价值观,第二语言习得一般是在目的语环境或非目的语环境中,先入为主的母语文化对习得中的目的语文化会产生迁移或影响,即使是在目的语环境中,学习者也不一定能在习得目的语的过程中同时习得该语言的文化。 可见,第一语言习得与第二语言习得是两种性质不同的学习,不能混为一谈。这两种学习之间存在着重大的差异,不了解这一差异,看不到成人第二语言习得复杂的一面而盲目模仿儿童习得第一语言的过程,对我们的第二语言教学及学习都将适得其反。虽然如此,但是第一语言习得与第二语言习得还是存在着一些共同点的,这些共同点反映了语言习得的普遍性规律,有助于更好地理解母语习得。 2、第一语言习得和第二语言习得的相同点 (1)第一语言习得和第二语言习得都具有一定的语言环境,儿童置身于与父母和他人交际这一自然的母语环境中;成人习得第二语言也必须有一定的语言环境,如在目的语国家学习或进行第二语言教学活动的课堂。 (2)两种语言习得都必须掌握语言、词汇、语法等语言知识及受文化制约的语用规则,而且习得过程都有一定的共性,即都毫不例外地要经历从单个要素的发音规则到掌握因素组合的发音规则,直到掌握该语言的整个语音系统。 (3)两种语言习得大体上都经过感知、理解、模仿、记忆及运用等阶段。 3、结束语 综上所述,第一语言习得和第二语言习得,既有不同点,又有相同点,二者有着密切的关系。因此在第二语言教学中,教师应注意两种语言习得的个性,充分利用两种语言习得的共性,发挥和培养学习者的学习兴趣和优势,使他们受到理想的学习效果。 参考书目 1、 刘润清,1995,《西方语言学流派》,外语教学与研究出版社。 2、 乐眉云,2002,《应用语言学》,南京师范大学出版社。 3、 桂诗春,1985,《心理语言学》,上海外语教育出版社。 4、 范文网(www.hzptc.com)Haegeman. 1994. Introduction to Government and Binding Theory, Blackwell Publishers. 5、 R. Ellis. 1985. Understanding Second Language Acquisition, Oxford University Press. 6、 高霞,2002,《第二语言习得的特性探讨—第二语言习得和母语习得的异同》,《楚雄师范学院学报》第 3 期。 7、 李哲,2000,《第一语言习得和第二语言习得比较研究》,《外语与外语教学》,第6 期。 8、 贾冠杰,王跃洪,张冬梅,1999,《第二语言学习与第一语言习得的异同》,《河南师范大学学报》,第 3 期。2023-06-25 16:23:171
英语100字左右美文短篇摘选
美文牵引学生的灵魂沉浮于字里行间,让心灵浸染着墨韵书香,这会使学生昂扬起率真灵动的生命激情。下面是我带来的100字左右的英语美文,欢迎阅读! 英语美文短篇(一) Life is full of confusing and disordering Particular time, a particular location, Do the arranged thing of ten million time in the brain, Step by step , the life is hard to avoid delicacy and stiffness No enthusiasm forever, No unexpected happening of surprising and pleasing So, only silently ask myself in mind Next happiness, when will come? 人生的纷纷扰扰,杂杂乱乱,在一个特定的时间,特定的地点,做脑海中安排了千万遍的事, 一步一骤,人生难免精致,却也死板,永远没有激情,没有意料之外的惊喜。于是,也只有在心里默默地问:下一班幸福,几点开? 英语美文短篇(二) As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 英语美文短篇(三) No living creature can laugh except man. Trees may bleed when they are wounded, and beasts in the field will cry in pain and hunger, yet only I have the gift of laughter and it is mine to use whenever I choose. Henceforth I will cultivate the habit of laughter. I will smile and my digestion will improve; I will chuckle and my burdens will be lightened; I will laugh and my life will be lengthened for this is the great secret of long life and now it is mine. I will paint this day with laughter; I will frame this night in song. Never will I labor to be happy; rather will I remain too busy to be sad. I will enjoy today"s happiness today. It is not grain to be stored in a box. It is not wine to be saved in a jar. It cannot be saved for the morrow. It must be sown and reaped on the same day and this I will do, henceforth. And with my laughter all things will be reduced to their proper size. I will laugh at my failures and they will vanish in clouds of new dreams; I will laugh at my successes and they will shrink to their true value. I will laugh at evil and it will die untasted; I will laugh at goodness and it will thrive and abound. Each day will be triumphant only when my smiles bring forth smiles from others and this l do in selfishness, for those on whom l flown are those who purchase not my goods. 只有人类才会笑。树木受伤时也会流“血”,禽兽也会因痛苦和饥饿而哭嚎哀鸣,然而,只有我才具备笑的天赋,可以随时开怀大笑。从今往后,我要培养笑的习惯。 笑有助于消化,笑能减轻压力,笑,是长寿的秘方。现在我终于掌握了它。 我要用笑声点缀今天,我要用歌声照亮黑夜。我不再苦苦寻觅快乐,我要在繁忙的工作中忘记悲伤。我要享受今天的快乐,它不像粮食可以贮藏,更不似美酒越陈越香。 笑声中,一切都显露本色。我笑自己的失败,它们将化为梦的云彩;我笑自己的成功,它们回复本来面目;我笑邪恶,它们远我而去;我笑善良,它们发扬光大。我要用我的笑容感染别人,虽然我的目的自私,但这确是成功之道,因为皱起的眉头会让顾客弃我而去。我不是为将来而活。今天播种今天收获。2023-06-25 16:23:351
你们好。请你们帮忙一下。 举列说明僵化现象。 谢谢
僵化现象(Fossilization in Foreign Languge Learning)指的是学生在学习外语的过程中停留在原有的水平上,难以进一步系统掌握所学语言的现象。著名语言学家塞林克(Larry Selinker)经过反复调查研究后指出:“在成年人学习外语的过程中非常有可能会在某一阶段出现”。实践证明.塞林克先生的结论是完全正确的。在大学英语教学实践中,我们不难发现,有相当一部分学生在外语学习上所花的时间不少,但进步甚微,处于一种学习高原(Rest at a plateau)。有些语言点,语法规则,无论老师怎么讲解,无论采取什么措施,总有一部分学生似懂非懂,更确切地说是一听就懂,一用就错,而且是一错再错。2023-06-25 16:23:531
女人死后身体会发生什么变化
女人死后身体会发生什么变化 女人死后身体会发生什么变化,生老病死是一件很正常的事情,人死了以后,身体会发生很多变化的,而且大部分都是让人感到十分恶心的,我和大家一起来看看女人死后身体会发生什么变化。 女人死后身体会发生什么变化1 死亡之前:当心脏停止跳动的时候,有些人会开始抽搐,呼吸从正常的节奏转为急促,同时耳朵首先变冷。身体内的血液转为酸性,喉咙开始痉挛 - 死神降临。 死亡瞬间:医学意义上的死亡被定义为大脑排出所有氧气。这时,人的瞳孔会变成看上去像玻璃晶体一样的物质。 死亡1分钟:已经凝结在一起的血液开始导致全身的皮肤变色。肌肉处于完全松弛的状态,肠和膀胱开始排空。 死亡3分钟:这个时候开始,脑细胞开始成批的死亡。高等思维的过程 - 例如考虑怎么才能不死 - 或生前对不起谁 - 终止。 死后4-5分钟:瞳孔放大并开始失去光泽。眼球已经开始从球体慢慢变平,因为这时身体内已经没有血压了。 死后7-9分钟:脑干死亡。 死后1-4小时:身体肌肉开始僵硬,并使头发竖立,也就是这个原因,人死后看上去头发长长了。 死后4-6小时:尸僵开始扩散。凝结的血液开始使皮肤变黑。 死后6小时:肌肉仍然会痉挛。一些厌氧性的生理反应仍然在继续。 死后8小时:身体已经彻底凉了。最黑色幽默的是,这种情况下,男人会实现一生中最后一次,也是最KB的一次的坚挺。(王小波 的书中 有提到的 ) 死后36-48小时:尸僵现象开始消失,身体重新变软,柔软到可以去表演柔术杂技。 死后24-72小时:由于身体内存在大量细菌,体内富含蛋白质的各内脏开始腐烂,而胰腺开始消化自身。 死后3-5天:身体上开始出现浮肿,带着血液的泡沫开始从口和鼻子中流淌出来,多么美好的`一天啊! 死后8-10天:各种因腐烂而产生的气体充斥腹部,舌头从嘴里伸出来了,由于血液开始分解,身体也随之从绿色变成红色。 死后几周:现在是化妆的时候了,指甲和牙齿开始脱落。 死后1个月:开始液化,有人想点杯草莓汁吗? 死后数月:脂肪会转化成绿色的物质,被称之为“尸蜡”。 死后一年:回归自然 女人死后身体会发生什么变化2 死后1分钟,瞳孔放大 心脏停止 血液不再流动,在重力的作用下,血液开始下沉,我原本白皙的皮肤变得更加苍白,这是死亡的第一阶段:苍白尸,苍白几乎在死后第一时间发生,平均时间:15-25分钟,它发生得如此之快,甚至对法医分析死亡时间,没有任何的帮助 死后10分钟,随着新陈代谢停止,寒冷“入侵”了我的身体,体温降低到环境一致,这便是死亡的第二阶段:尸冷,体温每小时降低1~2℃尸冷结束的平均时间为:5-10个小时,在冷库或冰雪中,这个速度可以短至1个小时,“由于脂肪的保温作用,胖子比瘦子的温度降得更慢,在这个阶段,法医可以根据环境温度、身材以及衣着情况,判断我的死亡时间 死后1小时,肌肉会在死后1~3个小时,逐渐变得强直、僵硬、关节固定并在4~6小时,从局部肌群扩散到全身,这是死后的第三个阶段:尸僵(Rigor mortis),少部分人死后屹立不倒,或紧紧握住犯罪人留下的证据这并不是尸僵,而是尸体痉挛,尸体痉挛多发生在死亡的最后一秒钟,凶手就是这条项链的主人! 死后2小时,血液不断往身体下方沉积淤积在了毛细血管和小静脉内,它们或如云雾状,或如条块,这是死后的第四阶段:尸斑(Livor mortis),尸斑在死后2~4小时出现它随时间逐渐增多8~12小时出现最大斑块24~36小时定型, 死后3小时,随着免疫系统的彻底凉凉,我身体内的细菌和真菌正在大量繁殖肠道内产生大量的刺鼻气体从口、鼻、肛门溢出,这是死后的第五个阶段:腐化(Putrefaction),腐化发生在3-6小时,将持续到死后的一个月。此时我身体内的一些细胞和组织还有生物活性如果受到一定的刺激可能会发生超生反应例如,男性死后30个小时内精子都还有活性最高记录是在大利亚,一车祸死亡的男子,并最终下一名男婴。 死后6小时我的尸体完全冰冷了下来发生全身性的尸僵 死后12小时我身体下方的尸斑连成了一大片犹如一片绚烂的樱花随着细胞组织失去生物活性我身体内释放的酶开始分解自身组织器官变软或液化这种现象叫做自溶血水从口鼻中流出腐败气味引来了昆虫和苍蝇无数生命将从我的身体内诞生 死后24小时,随着肌肉的逐渐溶解僵硬的身体渐渐柔软了下来,血液里的铁元素转变成硫化亚铁尸斑逐渐转变成绿色,被称为尸绿,“通常情况下,每个人死后都会被绿一次。夏天可短至12小时,冬天可长至4个月,随着血液向下身汇聚我出现了最后一次坚挺这叫死亡勃起,又被称为“盎格鲁人欲望”,死亡勃起通常发生在上吊死亡或正面朝下,"死亡勃起一经产生,通常不会再消进,一直到最后...... 死后48小时,身体内的气体越来越多我开始膨胀了,从胸腹部开始,形成腐败静脉网,这在法医学上称为死后循环,血液流向尸体表面,形成腐败水泡 死后72小时,随着腐败气体越来越多,我的整个躯体和四肢都肿胀了起来,“巨人观出现的时间;夏季:死后2~3天春秋:死后3~7天冬季:死后15~30天,此时尸体会发生“上吐下泻”现象甚至肛门脱出,如果是怀孕的女性还会发生死后分娩,孕妇死后,婴儿的平均存活期只有5分钟发生死后分娩时,婴儿也已经开始腐败。 死后10天,随着进一步腐烂,身体内出现黑色,我的身体也膨胀到了极致 死后20天,组织软化,器官和身体内的空洞开始爆裂,指甲和牙齿脱落,“鲸鱼尸体的鲸爆现象,大约在此阶段发生” 死后30天,尸体高度腐败,如果生前的人见到我,已经认不出我是谁,这是死后的第六个阶段:分解(Decomposition),陆地上的尸体,在夏天经过1~1.5月的时间软组织便会全部或大部分液化甚至完全分解消失,尸体的分解,通常从死后就开始了 死后1年,随着皮肤和肌肉全部分解我最终暴露出了白森森的骨头,这是死后的第七个阶段:白骨化(Skeletonization),虽然白骨化通常在1年左右发生但盛夏可加速度到15~30天, 死后20年,如果落在酸性而肥沃的土壤中,我的骨头会逐渐溶解,彻底回归自然, 死后100年,如果落在中性的土壤或沙子里我可以保存得稍微久一些但也最终会在岁月中彻底消逝, 死后1万年,如果落在细腻、干燥、缺氧,或轻度碱化的土壤中我将会得到长期保存,在1万年甚至更久的时间长河里我渐渐转变成了长期存在的矿物,这是死后的第八个也是最后一个阶段:石化(Fossilization),或许死后我们的尸骨还有一次永恒的机会但活着却只有唯一的一次2023-06-25 16:24:001
女儿死后会怎样。?
女人死后身体会发生什么变化 女人死后身体会发生什么变化,生老病死是一件很正常的事情,人死了以后,身体会发生很多变化的,而且大部分都是让人感到十分恶心的,我和大家一起来看看女人死后身体会发生什么变化。 女人死后身体会发生什么变化1 死亡之前:当心脏停止跳动的时候,有些人会开始抽搐,呼吸从正常的节奏转为急促,同时耳朵首先变冷。身体内的血液转为酸性,喉咙开始痉挛 - 死神降临。 死亡瞬间:医学意义上的死亡被定义为大脑排出所有氧气。这时,人的瞳孔会变成看上去像玻璃晶体一样的物质。 死亡1分钟:已经凝结在一起的血液开始导致全身的皮肤变色。肌肉处于完全松弛的状态,肠和膀胱开始排空。 死亡3分钟:这个时候开始,脑细胞开始成批的死亡。高等思维的过程 - 例如考虑怎么才能不死 - 或生前对不起谁 - 终止。 死后4-5分钟:瞳孔放大并开始失去光泽。眼球已经开始从球体慢慢变平,因为这时身体内已经没有血压了。 死后7-9分钟:脑干死亡。 死后1-4小时:身体肌肉开始僵硬,并使头发竖立,也就是这个原因,人死后看上去头发长长了。 死后4-6小时:尸僵开始扩散。凝结的血液开始使皮肤变黑。 死后6小时:肌肉仍然会痉挛。一些厌氧性的生理反应仍然在继续。 死后8小时:身体已经彻底凉了。最黑色幽默的是,这种情况下,男人会实现一生中最后一次,也是最KB的一次的坚挺。(王小波 的书中 有提到的 ) 死后36-48小时:尸僵现象开始消失,身体重新变软,柔软到可以去表演柔术杂技。 死后24-72小时:由于身体内存在大量细菌,体内富含蛋白质的各内脏开始腐烂,而胰腺开始消化自身。 死后3-5天:身体上开始出现浮肿,带着血液的泡沫开始从口和鼻子中流淌出来,多么美好的`一天啊! 死后8-10天:各种因腐烂而产生的气体充斥腹部,舌头从嘴里伸出来了,由于血液开始分解,身体也随之从绿色变成红色。 死后几周:现在是化妆的时候了,指甲和牙齿开始脱落。 死后1个月:开始液化,有人想点杯草莓汁吗? 死后数月:脂肪会转化成绿色的物质,被称之为“尸蜡”。 死后一年:回归自然 女人死后身体会发生什么变化2 死后1分钟,瞳孔放大 心脏停止 血液不再流动,在重力的作用下,血液开始下沉,我原本白皙的皮肤变得更加苍白,这是死亡的第一阶段:苍白尸,苍白几乎在死后第一时间发生,平均时间:15-25分钟,它发生得如此之快,甚至对法医分析死亡时间,没有任何的帮助 死后10分钟,随着新陈代谢停止,寒冷“入侵”了我的身体,体温降低到环境一致,这便是死亡的第二阶段:尸冷,体温每小时降低1~2℃尸冷结束的平均时间为:5-10个小时,在冷库或冰雪中,这个速度可以短至1个小时,“由于脂肪的保温作用,胖子比瘦子的温度降得更慢,在这个阶段,法医可以根据环境温度、身材以及衣着情况,判断我的死亡时间 死后1小时,肌肉会在死后1~3个小时,逐渐变得强直、僵硬、关节固定并在4~6小时,从局部肌群扩散到全身,这是死后的第三个阶段:尸僵(Rigor mortis),少部分人死后屹立不倒,或紧紧握住犯罪人留下的证据这并不是尸僵,而是尸体痉挛,尸体痉挛多发生在死亡的最后一秒钟,凶手就是这条项链的主人! 死后2小时,血液不断往身体下方沉积淤积在了毛细血管和小静脉内,它们或如云雾状,或如条块,这是死后的第四阶段:尸斑(Livor mortis),尸斑在死后2~4小时出现它随时间逐渐增多8~12小时出现最大斑块24~36小时定型, 死后3小时,随着免疫系统的彻底凉凉,我身体内的细菌和真菌正在大量繁殖肠道内产生大量的刺鼻气体从口、鼻、肛门溢出,这是死后的第五个阶段:腐化(Putrefaction),腐化发生在3-6小时,将持续到死后的一个月。此时我身体内的一些细胞和组织还有生物活性如果受到一定的刺激可能会发生超生反应例如,男性死后30个小时内精子都还有活性最高记录是在大利亚,一车祸死亡的男子,并最终下一名男婴。 死后6小时我的尸体完全冰冷了下来发生全身性的尸僵 死后12小时我身体下方的尸斑连成了一大片犹如一片绚烂的樱花随着细胞组织失去生物活性我身体内释放的酶开始分解自身组织器官变软或液化这种现象叫做自溶血水从口鼻中流出腐败气味引来了昆虫和苍蝇无数生命将从我的身体内诞生 死后24小时,随着肌肉的逐渐溶解僵硬的身体渐渐柔软了下来,血液里的铁元素转变成硫化亚铁尸斑逐渐转变成绿色,被称为尸绿,“通常情况下,每个人死后都会被绿一次。夏天可短至12小时,冬天可长至4个月,随着血液向下身汇聚我出现了最后一次坚挺这叫死亡勃起,又被称为“盎格鲁人欲望”,死亡勃起通常发生在上吊死亡或正面朝下,"死亡勃起一经产生,通常不会再消进,一直到最后...... 死后48小时,身体内的气体越来越多我开始膨胀了,从胸腹部开始,形成腐败静脉网,这在法医学上称为死后循环,血液流向尸体表面,形成腐败水泡 死后72小时,随着腐败气体越来越多,我的整个躯体和四肢都肿胀了起来,“巨人观出现的时间;夏季:死后2~3天春秋:死后3~7天冬季:死后15~30天,此时尸体会发生“上吐下泻”现象甚至肛门脱出,如果是怀孕的女性还会发生死后分娩,孕妇死后,婴儿的平均存活期只有5分钟发生死后分娩时,婴儿也已经开始腐败。 死后10天,随着进一步腐烂,身体内出现黑色,我的身体也膨胀到了极致 死后20天,组织软化,器官和身体内的空洞开始爆裂,指甲和牙齿脱落,“鲸鱼尸体的鲸爆现象,大约在此阶段发生” 死后30天,尸体高度腐败,如果生前的人见到我,已经认不出我是谁,这是死后的第六个阶段:分解(Decomposition),陆地上的尸体,在夏天经过1~1.5月的时间软组织便会全部或大部分液化甚至完全分解消失,尸体的分解,通常从死后就开始了 死后1年,随着皮肤和肌肉全部分解我最终暴露出了白森森的骨头,这是死后的第七个阶段:白骨化(Skeletonization),虽然白骨化通常在1年左右发生但盛夏可加速度到15~30天, 死后20年,如果落在酸性而肥沃的土壤中,我的骨头会逐渐溶解,彻底回归自然, 死后100年,如果落在中性的土壤或沙子里我可以保存得稍微久一些但也最终会在岁月中彻底消逝, 死后1万年,如果落在细腻、干燥、缺氧,或轻度碱化的土壤中我将会得到长期保存,在1万年甚至更久的时间长河里我渐渐转变成了长期存在的矿物,这是死后的第八个也是最后一个阶段:石化(Fossilization),或许死后我们的尸骨还有一次永恒的机会但活着却只有唯一的一次2023-06-25 16:24:071
得与失的英语作文 Loss and found
As food is to thebody, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with theintake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day byday to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity.Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpenour power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is thesurest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and aninfallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty.Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regardschool as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary,learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. Withthe world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few dayswill make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormantdeep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursueour noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to oursuccess and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack oflearning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, itsfossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as alifelong career2023-06-25 16:24:151
文言文英语版
1. 初中文言文英文版翻译 Children; the Analects of Confucius ten; peach blossom spring, Zhongyong injury; Mulan; LouShiMing; MS; nuclear boat; road trip; the Three Ges; thank book book; Cheng Tiansi night; the tide; see snow; and Zhu Yuansi; Mr. five willow; Ma; send Dongyang Ma Sheng order; travels of little stone pond; the Yueyang Tower; ong Ting Ji; man travels; Chen family; Tang Ju have succeeded in carrying out an assignment; Longzhong plan; public input; a just cause enjoys abundant support; fish I desire; calamity; Cao GUI debate; Ji Feng Qi an great determination and courage。 2. 用英语翻译文言 君子不责人所不及,不强人所不能,不苦人所不好。 (解:君子不责怪别人做不到的地方,不要强求别人做力所不及的事情,不让别人为他所不喜欢的事物而苦恼。) A noble man will not blame others for what is beyond their power, force others to do something impossible or make others do anything th珐触粹吠诔杜达森惮缉ey dislike. 其身正,不令而行,其身不正,虽令不行 (解:自己作风正派不发命令政教也能顺利实行:自己的作风不正,即使三申五令,别人也不听从。) If you can set a good example, others will follow the suit even if you give no orders. If you cannot, others will do nothing of the kind even if you give orders.。 3. 求古文的名句及英文翻译 1、但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moon light, even though miles apart. 2、独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 3、大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。 The endless river easard flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 4、二人同心,其利断金。 If o people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 5、富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 6.海内存知己,天涯若比邻 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 7、合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one"s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 8、祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 9、见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to bee his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 10、江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 11、举头望明月,低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia es around. A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 12、俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men. 13、君子成人之美,不成人之恶。 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 14、君子独立不惭于影,独寝不愧于魂。 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone. 15、君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲,小人甘以绝。 The friendship beeen men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship beeen men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken. 16、老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。 Expend the respect of the aged in one"s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one"s family to that of other families. 17、礼尚往来。 往而不来,非礼也;来而不往,亦非礼也。 Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa. 18、两情若是长久时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。 If love beeen both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day? 19、路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。 The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low I"ll search with my will unbending. 20、民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。 The people are the most important element in a state; next are the gods of land and grain; least is the ruler himself. 21、千丈之堤,以蝼蚁之穴溃;百尺之屋,以突隙之烟焚。 A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney"s chink. 22、锲而舍之,朽木不折,锲而不舍,金石可镂。 Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can be engraved. 23、人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴阳缺,此事古难全。 People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days. 24、人之于文学也,犹玉之于琢磨也。 Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade。 25、学而时习之,不亦说乎 Great pleasure is derived from learning and constantly reviewing what has been learned. 26、有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎 Isn"t it also great when friends visit from distant places? 27、天时不如地利,地利不如人和 The time isn"t as important as the terrain; but the terrain isn"t as important as unity with the people. 28、会当凌绝顶,一览众山小.I must ascend the mountain"s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet. 29.等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春. I find the face of east wind in an easy way;Myriads of reds and violets only reveal spring 30、春潮带雨晚来急,野度无人舟自横. On the spring flood of last night"s rain The ferry-boat moves as though someone were poling。 4. 求英语有趣的小文章(要有翻译) 1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, *** ysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a mon fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will e to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。 摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。 不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。 相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。 更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的 *** 本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。 因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded *** s. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。 娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。 我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reanize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。 我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。 我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they plement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get 。 5. 求英文翻译一段文言文 Beeen wanli. The palace had rats, cats, and even play, damage. Seeking good cat catching the folk noir, eat. Suitable foreign tribute lion cat, white as snow. Hold the door for rat house, closed, rod of. The cat for a long time, perhaps from the rat hole, see cat anger towards the. The cat obstacle climbing a few, rats also appeared, cats jump. So back and forth, like a hundred times. The salty that cat afraid, thought is inpetent for. Then the rat jumped throw gradually later, Shuo belly like asthma, onto the little rest. The cat is disease, claw to top hair, mouth old leader, and a cat, hum, rat vocal jojo. Qifei acute optic, then the rat has been chewed. Then know the cat to avoid non shrink, the idler also. This is a return, he be plex, with the wisdom of ear. Gee! According to the difference beeen ordinary sword rats!。2023-06-25 16:24:221
learing is a lifelong journey写一篇英语作文
Lifelong learning and human existence, long history, the concept of lifelong learning, can also from the literature to find context; for example in China since ancient times is a "live, learn", "no end for learning, Knowledge has no limit." argument。 European Lifelong Learning Initiative, ELLI。The complete definition of lifelong learning process that includes the human lifeexperience, it is the mode of the future potential of human development, not now, not too full of education and training mode。 Lifelong learning is the development of human potential, through a continuous support process, to motivate and enable individuals to obtain the whole life need all the knowledge, skills and understanding, value, and play a role, in all the various situations and environments, self-confidence, creativity and joy to apply these skills。2023-06-25 16:24:312
死人身上会有什么变化?
女人死后身体会发生什么变化 女人死后身体会发生什么变化,生老病死是一件很正常的事情,人死了以后,身体会发生很多变化的,而且大部分都是让人感到十分恶心的,我和大家一起来看看女人死后身体会发生什么变化。 女人死后身体会发生什么变化1 死亡之前:当心脏停止跳动的时候,有些人会开始抽搐,呼吸从正常的节奏转为急促,同时耳朵首先变冷。身体内的血液转为酸性,喉咙开始痉挛 - 死神降临。 死亡瞬间:医学意义上的死亡被定义为大脑排出所有氧气。这时,人的瞳孔会变成看上去像玻璃晶体一样的物质。 死亡1分钟:已经凝结在一起的血液开始导致全身的皮肤变色。肌肉处于完全松弛的状态,肠和膀胱开始排空。 死亡3分钟:这个时候开始,脑细胞开始成批的死亡。高等思维的过程 - 例如考虑怎么才能不死 - 或生前对不起谁 - 终止。 死后4-5分钟:瞳孔放大并开始失去光泽。眼球已经开始从球体慢慢变平,因为这时身体内已经没有血压了。 死后7-9分钟:脑干死亡。 死后1-4小时:身体肌肉开始僵硬,并使头发竖立,也就是这个原因,人死后看上去头发长长了。 死后4-6小时:尸僵开始扩散。凝结的血液开始使皮肤变黑。 死后6小时:肌肉仍然会痉挛。一些厌氧性的生理反应仍然在继续。 死后8小时:身体已经彻底凉了。最黑色幽默的是,这种情况下,男人会实现一生中最后一次,也是最KB的一次的坚挺。(王小波 的书中 有提到的 ) 死后36-48小时:尸僵现象开始消失,身体重新变软,柔软到可以去表演柔术杂技。 死后24-72小时:由于身体内存在大量细菌,体内富含蛋白质的各内脏开始腐烂,而胰腺开始消化自身。 死后3-5天:身体上开始出现浮肿,带着血液的泡沫开始从口和鼻子中流淌出来,多么美好的`一天啊! 死后8-10天:各种因腐烂而产生的气体充斥腹部,舌头从嘴里伸出来了,由于血液开始分解,身体也随之从绿色变成红色。 死后几周:现在是化妆的时候了,指甲和牙齿开始脱落。 死后1个月:开始液化,有人想点杯草莓汁吗? 死后数月:脂肪会转化成绿色的物质,被称之为“尸蜡”。 死后一年:回归自然 女人死后身体会发生什么变化2 死后1分钟,瞳孔放大 心脏停止 血液不再流动,在重力的作用下,血液开始下沉,我原本白皙的皮肤变得更加苍白,这是死亡的第一阶段:苍白尸,苍白几乎在死后第一时间发生,平均时间:15-25分钟,它发生得如此之快,甚至对法医分析死亡时间,没有任何的帮助 死后10分钟,随着新陈代谢停止,寒冷“入侵”了我的身体,体温降低到环境一致,这便是死亡的第二阶段:尸冷,体温每小时降低1~2℃尸冷结束的平均时间为:5-10个小时,在冷库或冰雪中,这个速度可以短至1个小时,“由于脂肪的保温作用,胖子比瘦子的温度降得更慢,在这个阶段,法医可以根据环境温度、身材以及衣着情况,判断我的死亡时间 死后1小时,肌肉会在死后1~3个小时,逐渐变得强直、僵硬、关节固定并在4~6小时,从局部肌群扩散到全身,这是死后的第三个阶段:尸僵(Rigor mortis),少部分人死后屹立不倒,或紧紧握住犯罪人留下的证据这并不是尸僵,而是尸体痉挛,尸体痉挛多发生在死亡的最后一秒钟,凶手就是这条项链的主人! 死后2小时,血液不断往身体下方沉积淤积在了毛细血管和小静脉内,它们或如云雾状,或如条块,这是死后的第四阶段:尸斑(Livor mortis),尸斑在死后2~4小时出现它随时间逐渐增多8~12小时出现最大斑块24~36小时定型, 死后3小时,随着免疫系统的彻底凉凉,我身体内的细菌和真菌正在大量繁殖肠道内产生大量的刺鼻气体从口、鼻、肛门溢出,这是死后的第五个阶段:腐化(Putrefaction),腐化发生在3-6小时,将持续到死后的一个月。此时我身体内的一些细胞和组织还有生物活性如果受到一定的刺激可能会发生超生反应例如,男性死后30个小时内精子都还有活性最高记录是在大利亚,一车祸死亡的男子,并最终下一名男婴。 死后6小时我的尸体完全冰冷了下来发生全身性的尸僵 死后12小时我身体下方的尸斑连成了一大片犹如一片绚烂的樱花随着细胞组织失去生物活性我身体内释放的酶开始分解自身组织器官变软或液化这种现象叫做自溶血水从口鼻中流出腐败气味引来了昆虫和苍蝇无数生命将从我的身体内诞生 死后24小时,随着肌肉的逐渐溶解僵硬的身体渐渐柔软了下来,血液里的铁元素转变成硫化亚铁尸斑逐渐转变成绿色,被称为尸绿,“通常情况下,每个人死后都会被绿一次。夏天可短至12小时,冬天可长至4个月,随着血液向下身汇聚我出现了最后一次坚挺这叫死亡勃起,又被称为“盎格鲁人欲望”,死亡勃起通常发生在上吊死亡或正面朝下,"死亡勃起一经产生,通常不会再消进,一直到最后...... 死后48小时,身体内的气体越来越多我开始膨胀了,从胸腹部开始,形成腐败静脉网,这在法医学上称为死后循环,血液流向尸体表面,形成腐败水泡 死后72小时,随着腐败气体越来越多,我的整个躯体和四肢都肿胀了起来,“巨人观出现的时间;夏季:死后2~3天春秋:死后3~7天冬季:死后15~30天,此时尸体会发生“上吐下泻”现象甚至肛门脱出,如果是怀孕的女性还会发生死后分娩,孕妇死后,婴儿的平均存活期只有5分钟发生死后分娩时,婴儿也已经开始腐败。 死后10天,随着进一步腐烂,身体内出现黑色,我的身体也膨胀到了极致 死后20天,组织软化,器官和身体内的空洞开始爆裂,指甲和牙齿脱落,“鲸鱼尸体的鲸爆现象,大约在此阶段发生” 死后30天,尸体高度腐败,如果生前的人见到我,已经认不出我是谁,这是死后的第六个阶段:分解(Decomposition),陆地上的尸体,在夏天经过1~1.5月的时间软组织便会全部或大部分液化甚至完全分解消失,尸体的分解,通常从死后就开始了 死后1年,随着皮肤和肌肉全部分解我最终暴露出了白森森的骨头,这是死后的第七个阶段:白骨化(Skeletonization),虽然白骨化通常在1年左右发生但盛夏可加速度到15~30天, 死后20年,如果落在酸性而肥沃的土壤中,我的骨头会逐渐溶解,彻底回归自然, 死后100年,如果落在中性的土壤或沙子里我可以保存得稍微久一些但也最终会在岁月中彻底消逝, 死后1万年,如果落在细腻、干燥、缺氧,或轻度碱化的土壤中我将会得到长期保存,在1万年甚至更久的时间长河里我渐渐转变成了长期存在的矿物,这是死后的第八个也是最后一个阶段:石化(Fossilization),或许死后我们的尸骨还有一次永恒的机会但活着却只有唯一的一次2023-06-25 16:24:441
英语作文 我的体育器才怎么写 英语作文 我的体育器才怎么写
总的体育器材:My sports equipment.其它实在太多,不知你指哪些,例如:羽毛球拍,badminton racket,羽毛球,shuttlecock,头盔,helmet,棒球棍,baseball bat,...2023-06-25 16:24:532
大一新生跪求一篇200到300词的英语演讲稿。内容积极向上就OK。为了最后不挂科,谢谢啦亲。
1 LearningAs food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy schoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends, I"ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week"s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。 5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了! 6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是桌球,桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。2023-06-25 16:25:021
初一第5单元英语作文一篇
1. It was the first day of our winter holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free. Although we have some homework. But we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not the least, I will have a good rest. 2. It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I"m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don"t feel lonely. But I didn"t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry. 3. It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother"s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother"s company. I sat in my mother"s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother"s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can"t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time. 4. It is a special day today. My mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. I like to eat red bayberries. It tastes nice. When they arrived in Shanghai, they were still fresh. But most of them would be sent to my mother"s business friends. I chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. I put the rest in my refrigerator. Red bayberry is my hometown"s special product. It is well-known in china. Many people like to eat it. 5. Today, I still went to my mother"s office. My mother was very busy, so was my father. They always live in Beijing. They must get up early. Because they will manage the factory. So I know they are very laborious. So I should save my money. Also I should help them. Although I can"t do something useful, but I think I should share the work with them. I am one of my family member. In the future, I will take a job and work. It" time for me to begin to learn how to work. 6. I have rested for a week. I began to feel bored. So I went out with my friends. They are my best friends in the middle school. We didn"t go to someplace special. We just saw the other. We had lunch together. While we were having lunch, we were still talking about the new school and new friends. Yes! A year later, we have grown riper. And we learned much more things and got new life. We haven"t enough time to play, to waste and to lose the way. We only have two years. Two years to go, we will get the real life which belongs to us. 7. I have stayed in Shanghai alone for a week. It"s time for me to go to my real home—it is in Beijing. My parents are waiting for me. Although outside is no matter how beautiful, Beijing is still my home. In fact, there is many fresh things. Like red bayberries. In the afternoon, I took a bus to Beijing. I was very unlucky that my mp3 was stolen. I was very sad. I didn"t know why thieves went to steal other"s things. Why don"t they hunt for a job? I don"t why! I hope there is no thief in our motherland. 8. When I got home, it was very dark. Why? There is no electric. Every year in Beijing, there is lack of electric to supply. Because there are a lot of factories. And it is very cold in winter. So the government decided: supply electric to resident and the factories must stop working. My house is in the manufacturing district. I was unlucky. It was very cold. So my father use the electric making machine to make electric. Oh! What a unlucky winter! 9. It was cooler than yesterday. One of my father"s friends invited me to eat red bayberries. You must know it is unusual. Because we will climb the hill to eat red bayberries. There is no chance to eat red bayberries in the hill for the people who don"t live in Beijing. On the hill, you can breathe the fresh air, you can listen birds singing and you can eat red bayberries. It was enjoyable. It is said there are wild pigs in the hill. What a beautiful natural. 10. Today I found time was a cruel thing. Whatever man is, time always goes on. It won"t stay to wait for somebody. You can"t use anything to exchange time. Time is also a fair thing. Although you have a lot of money or you enjoy high reputation, time won"t leave them more. Today I found I hadn"t enough time. Although I have 50-day holiday, but I found I had a lot of things to do. I had a lot of homework to do and I had something necessary to do. 11. I have rested for 10 days. In these days, I felt very bored. I didn"t know to do what. Although I had a lot of things to do, I felt uncomfortable. I was ill because of the cold weather. I was tired, sleepy and had no strength. My parents are worried about my health. in fact, it didn"t matter. I was always in the room with air-conditioner and opened it in a low temperature. So when I went out, the high temperature disagreed to me. Finally, I was ill. 12. Today, when I awaked up, I found the air-conditioner didn"t work. I used the control, but it still didn"t work. I knew the air-conditioner was in trouble. I went downstairs. My father told me two air-conditioner and two computer had been broken. Because my father used electric making machine to make electric, so the voltage was not stable. It led to the trouble. Oh! Whenever the government will let the factory use electric? If it lasts longer, I will be crazy!! 13. It doesn"t matter that the air-conditioner has been broken. But my notebook-computer also was broken. I really don"t know what to do. So I went to play basketball. I didn"t know any one in that place. And I was the first time to go there to play basketball. At first, there was no person playing basketball. So I played basketball alone. A few minutes later, some students came to play. So we played together. Of course, we had a match. And It lasts two hours. After the match, I felt I would be dead. I was too tired. 14. No computer, I will not know to do what. I have no solution to the problem. So I sent my notebook-computer to the Asus computer company. I must have my computer repaired. And the other one, it was thoroughly broken. It can"t be repaired again.The computer company told me that my notebook computer needed one week to repair. The electric led to all trouble. And many electrical appliances are broken. I don"t know when our country can solve the problem. 15. I have lost two computers, but I had another one. I bought it about five years ago. It can be called curio. Though it was old. But it can still work. Although it works slowly, I was pleased. I can go on internet again. Chatting with my friends is a good relaxing. In the internet, one of my old friends invited me to tomorrow"s party. He told me that some friends would go, too. So I promised to go. A-ha! I can see my old friends. I was very happy and hopeful. 16. It was sunny today. I was excited. I got up at a quarter to seven. I made a appointment to meet at nine o"clock. After I had my breakfast, I went to the city center of Beijing. It was cold outside. When I arrived, my friends didn"t arrive. I waited for him in front of the KFC"s door. I haven"t seen them for a year. And in a year, we didn"t come into contact with others frequently. About ten minutes left, my friends arrived one by one. After we greeted, we went to the 5-star restaurant to have lunch. The lunch cost us 800 yuan. Oh, dear! They were all very rich, and one was poor. 17. Yesterday we played happily, but there were only ten people. I remembered last year there were twenty-two people at all. I heard some my friends had gone abroad. They went abroad to study. Maybe I couldn"t see them in the future. I think next year we won"t make a party. Next year is a very important year. We all will prepare for the college entrance examination. It is the most important for us now. 18. I was bored. So I wanted to travel to Hong Kang. I told my father my decision. To my surprise, my father agreed. My father thought I always at home was bad. He thought I should go out to see our country clearly. How beautiful our country is! My father drove me a travel service. I filled out an application form. After that, the agency would finish every things. At last the agency told me it would take a week time to transact procedures. 19. The screen of my father"s mobile telephone is broken. When you open the mobile telephone, the screen is always white with light. You can"t see from the screen. And my father is a businessman. He needed a new one. So my father and I went to the electrical appliance shop. There are many new kinds of mobile telephones. At first, my father chose a Sumsung one. But all the telephones have sold out. Finally, my father chose a Motorola one. 20. The food in Shanghai disagree me. I think the food in Beijing is the most delicious. Seafood in Beijing is very fresh. Prawns in restaurant are all alive. And there are many food that you can"t see in other cities. It is very cheap that you eat seafood in Beijing. The less money you pay, the more enjoyable you are. Maybe my stomach is ill. Whatever food I eat, I am still thin. And I am too thin, I want to be a litter fatter. So I must eat more. Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends,2023-06-25 16:25:211
英语短文
11.where are you come from?12.你怎么评价你的家乡?13.你最喜欢哪个季节?为什么?2023-06-25 16:25:304
常年不化的意思
问题一:不化控什么意思 1、化控是一个农业术语,意思是对杂草提前进行化学除草控制的意思; 2、通常使用的化控药剂是“乙草胺” 3、乙草胺的功用是在新耕翻过定播后的田块中打上“乙草胺”杂草的种子在乙草胺气味的控制下就萌芽不了,从而达到除草的目的; 4、乙草胺能够控制的范围是喷洒过农药的表层,也称“封闭”。一旦表层被破坏,杂草又会生长出来。 5、不化控,就是用不着打“乙草胺”的意思。 问题二:有句名言里面有什么僵,意思是制度长期不变化,就没有了生命力 30分 僵化”是什么意思? 1、具象的,指某物体由柔软灵活等状态变为不能动的或者是动作不灵活; 2、抽象的,指脑筋思维等因长期不变通而导致思维迟钝,处理事务不灵活。 如思想僵化,思维僵硬,有顽固的意思. 基本信息词目:僵化拼音:jiānghuà词性:动词英文:rigidify1. [rigidify]∶变僵僵化为定型的关系2. [desiccate]∶不向前发展思想僵化 1. 变得僵硬。形容凝滞不动。柔石《二月》十六:“几乎半点钟,他一动不动,似心与身同时为女子之爱力所僵化了。”老舍《四世同堂》十六:“ 晓荷 的脸由微笑而扩展到满脸都是僵化了的笑纹。” 2. 指思想凝固不变。《新华月报》1979年第6期:“看上去这么聪明的一个人,思想怎么僵化到这步田地。” 3.什么叫肌肉僵化 答:僵人综合症中断练习时间较长或力量较差的人,突然高强度,进行大重量的练习,容易造成供氧不足,肌肉负荷量过大,大量乳酸,二氧化碳等代谢产物堆积在肌肉里,会使肌肉抽筋,产生僵硬现象. 4.僵化现象(Fossilization in Foreign Languge Learning)指的是学生在学习外语的过程中停留在原有的水平上,难以进一步系统掌握所学语言的现象。著名语言学家塞林克(Larry Selinker)经过反复调查研究后指出:“在成年人学习外语的过程中非常有可能会在某一阶段出现”。实践证明.塞林克先生的结论是完全正确的. 问题三:食古不化是什么意思啊? 食古不化: 指学了古代的文化知识不善于理解和应用,跟吃了东西不能消化一样。 问题四:人孰敢不听而化诸的意思 告我君人者以己出经式义度[3],人孰敢不听而化诸[4]? 意思:做国君的一定要凭借自己的意志来推行法度,人们谁敢不听从而随之变化呢 出自:《庄子u30fb应帝王》 请采纳,谢谢 问题五:痰不化湿什么意思 应该是脾不化湿吧。中医说,脾的生理功能:脾主运化(西医说的消化系统的消化吸收),喜燥恶湿,脾的功能专门运化水谷精微(每天吃的饮食、水分),脾的运化功能失常,则人体内生水湿痰饮,中医称为脾不化湿。 问题六:如果夫妻长年不在一起,心里或生理会有很大的变化吗?老婆38了,再不在一起都觉得活的没什么意思了!这 夫妻不宜长时间分居,会影响到感情的2023-06-25 16:25:491
求一篇100字左右以 We Lean English in Everyday Life 为题的英语作文高中水平的
With the development of economy ,English plays an important part in daily life.Therefore,lerning English is necessray for us. Firstly,there is no doubt that we must learn words.We can remember words by reanding newspaper so that we can be able to learn new words quickily.What"s more,it"s better for us to take a note book in order to write new words and remember them easily . Secondly,reading books and linstening videos in our spare time are good ways to improve our English.Thirdly,not only can we write articles in classes,but we can keep dairy everyday .It can expand our words and horizons. No matter how difficult to learn English,if we can learn it in everyday life,we must get good grades.2023-06-25 16:25:562
英语短文
上网翻译一下吧,自己在修改一下!就可以搞定!2023-06-25 16:26:055
急求一篇英语短文,若好的话,给200分!!!
In the heart of learning, just like the food in the body. The amount of nutrient intake of food, our bodies to be able to muscle growth and development. By the same token, we should continue to learn day after day in order to maintain our mental abilities sharp and to expand our intellectual capacity. We provide continuous learning to use different fuels, to spur us sharpened our reasoning, and judge for themselves. Continuous learning in the information age in the times to keep pace with the most reliable method, but also changes in the generation of reliable guarantee of success.学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。2023-06-25 16:26:204
有5种修辞手法的300字 英语作文 如题,追加悬赏后补,谢谢 416726634@qq.com
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.2023-06-25 16:26:341
there be 句型的小短文
Welcome to my bedroom, my favorite place in the house. I have got white walls and wooden floors. There are a single bed, two double wardrobes and two chests of drawers. There are also a wooden study desk, three shelves on the wall which hold my books and two relatively small shelves for my fish tank and flowers. Should the weather be fine, I"d open up the window and let the sun shine in. Sometimes, there will be some birds singing on the windowsill. When they come, I"d take a book off the shelf and read by the window while listening to their twittering. I love reading and enjoying the sunshine and being close to nature. If there are stars in the sky, I"d sit there watch them and let my mind drfit far far away. My bedroom is such a secret and great place to me and I like it very much.2023-06-25 16:26:412
zpd的名词解释
zod的解释:最近发展区;最近发展区域;近侧发展区;近侧发展区间;理论。例句:The ZPD theory provides a new approach for the research on fossilization and negative feedback, and will have more application in the field of second language acquisition. 该理论为石化现象的研究提供了新的思路,为负面反馈研究开辟了新的渠道,其在二语习得研究中的应用也有广阔的发展空间。2023-06-25 16:26:581
求英语话题作文~急急急~!
楼上的!错了几个单词,你是从网上抄的吧?2023-06-25 16:27:075
A Rare Fossil Record-英文作文及中文翻译
A Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth. 中文翻译: 罕见的化石记录 胚胎与幼体被保存下来在化石记录中是少见的事情。微小纤细的骨骼 通常在石化前就被食腐肉的动物拆散了,或者被风化作用破坏掉了。 鱼龙比起陆地的动物 有更大的几率被保存下来,因为它们作为海洋动物常生活在腐蚀性较小的.环境中。 但是它们的石化需要一系列因素:软组织的腐烂速度缓慢,很少被其他动物残食,缺少混杂、冲走小骨头的快速水流和波浪,以及相当快地被掩埋。 当这些因素存在时,某些地区就会变成一个充满保存完好的鱼龙化石的宝库。在德国获尔兹梅登,那儿的沉积物给人们提出了一个有趣的分析案例。 人们在黑色的、含沥青的海洋页岩中发现了约 19,000 年前沉积下来的鱼龙化石。 几年时间内,在这些岩石中取得了数以千计的海洋爬行动物、鱼类以及无脊椎动物的标本。 它们的保存质量非常的好,但更令人称奇的是保存下来的育有胚胎的鱼龙化石数目。 在获尔兹梅登附近一个小地区的六个不同的页岩层中分别发现了育有胚胎的鱼龙化石。 这表明大量的鱼龙经年累月重复使用一个特定的地点。 那些胚胎已经发育得相当完整了。 比如,它们的蹼桨已经完全形成了。 有一个标本甚至被保存在产道中。 而且,那块页岩包含着很多在20 到30 英寸之间的新生幼体的化石。为什么在其他地方那么稀少的怀孕雌兽和幼体在获尔兹梅登却那么多呢? 因为其保存质量几乎举世无双,采集工作的进行一直是一丝不苟的。 大家都认识到这些化石的价值极其珍贵,但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题: 为什么在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群呢?2023-06-25 16:27:281
有关150词英语短文欣赏
近年来,随着小学英语教学日益为国家和全社会所重视,在许多地方的小学英语已经成为了一门必修课。我整理了有关150词英语短文,欢迎阅读! 有关150词英语短文篇一 heavy schoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间.娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力.此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害.我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的. 有关150词英语短文篇二 Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends, I"ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week"s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成.有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味.」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦.由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦. 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影.通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课.在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力.在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴.如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量. 有关150词英语短文篇三 Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样.摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达.同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量.不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力.持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证. 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了.视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误.相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死.由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后.更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望.缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化.因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业.2023-06-25 16:27:341
英语短文
你不说主题内容怎么来?2023-06-25 16:27:435
适合朗诵的英语 短文 比赛要用!!
英语短文 一般来说英语短文词数在一千以内,类似于小杂文,随笔。以以下10篇为例。 1.Learning:A Lifelong Career 【学习:一生的事业(学习无止境,只有努力,努力,再努力,才会成功)】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。2.heavy schoolwork 【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High school students should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercises their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。最后,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。3.Time 【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。4.Work and Play 【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and watching movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends, I"ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week"s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉盛宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。5.My first Job 【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了!6.My Favorite Sports 【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game for us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是乒乓球,乒乓球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 乒乓球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。乒乓球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,乒乓球是我最喜爱的一种运动。7.Fox and cock 【狐狸和公鸡】 One morning a fox saw a cock.He thought,"This is my breakfast."" He came up to the cock and said,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?""The cock was glad.He closes his eyes and began to sing.The fox saw that and caught him in his mouth and carried him away. The people in the field saw the fox.They cried,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away."" The cock said to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs."" The fox opened his mouth and said,"The cock is mine,not yours.""Just then the cock ran away from the fox and fled into the tree. 一天早上,一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想:这是我的早餐。 他朝公鸡走来,对他说:“我知道,你能唱得非常好听,你能唱给我听么?”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫:“看,看!狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说:“狐狸先生,你能理解么?人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的,不是他们的。” 狐狸张开她的嘴说:“公鸡是我的,不是你们的。”就在那时,公鸡逃离了狐狸的嘴巴,跑到了树底下。8.The City Mouse and the Country Mouse 【城里老鼠和乡下老鼠】 Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country." So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city." The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, " Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid. After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, "I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid." 从前,有两只老鼠,它们是好朋友。一只老鼠居住在乡村,另一只住在城里。很多年以后,乡下老鼠碰到城里老鼠,它说:“你一定要来我乡下的家看看。”于是,城里老鼠就去了。乡下老鼠领着它到了一块田地上它自己的家里。它把所有最精美食物都找出来给城里老鼠。城里老鼠说:“这东西不好吃,你的家也不好,你为什么住在田野的地洞里呢?你应该搬到城里去住,你能住上用石头造的漂亮房子,还会吃上美味佳肴,你应该到我城里的家看看。” 乡下老鼠就到城里老鼠的家去。房子十分漂亮,好吃的东西也为他们摆好了。可是正当他们要开始吃的时候,听见很大的一阵响声,城里的老鼠叫喊起来:“快跑!快跑!猫来了!”他们飞快地跑开躲藏起来。 过了一会儿,他们出来了。当他们出来时,乡下老鼠说:“我不喜欢住在城里,我喜欢住在田野我的洞里。因为这样虽然贫穷但是快乐自在,比起虽然富有却要过着提心吊胆的生活来说,要好些。” 9.A sense of humor,God"s greatest gift to mankind, is universally considered the most valuable personality asset. It is born within every person"s heart, but has to be cultivated. A person without humor is just like a spring without flowers, or like a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor. Humor can enhance physical as well as mental well-being. It helps us bear our burdens, lessen our tension, overcome our frustration, and dissolve countless trifles and irritations. With a crack of joke, all our worries and sadness disperse like mist and smoke, and we are full of vim and vigor once again. Humor helps us live in harmony with others. It is unavoidable to have misunderstanding and tension with others during work and study. But humor can, as a "pacifier", inject a light note into the touchy situation to ease these problems quicher than angry words or quarrels. With it you can always keep on good terms with others. A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives fun and zest to life to make it worth living. 10.The Importance of Confidence Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one can achieve anything when faced with hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident. In reality, however, we do see a lot of people who always complain that they lack the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. For some, this might be true. But for many others, this only shows that they have lost heart. Why do some people often feel frustrated even though they are capable of doing something? In the first place, these people don"t have a correct estimate of themselves. Secondly, there is another possibility that they exaggerate the difficulties.2023-06-25 16:27:581
英语阅读短文(有中文)4篇
1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习:一生的事业】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I"ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don"t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day"s pressure. On weekends, I"ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week"s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。 5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了! 6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是桌球,桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。 希望能对你有所帮助~~:) 回答者:来西剑一 - 秀才 二级 1-24 12:58 Fox and cock One morning a fox sees a cock.He think,"This is my breakfast."" He comes up to the cock and says,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?""The cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins to sing.The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.""The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs."" The fox opens his mouth ang says,"The cock is mine,not yours.""Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree. 狐狸和公鸡 一天早上,一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想:这是我的早餐。 他朝公鸡走来,对他说:“我知道,你能唱得非常好听,你能唱给我听么?”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫:“看,看!狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说:“狐狸先生,你能理解么?人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的,不是他们的。” 狐狸张开她的嘴说:“公鸡是我的,不是你们的。”就在那时,。公鸡跑到了树底下。 (我很忙,我有10多篇,有时间再补充) 回答者:lzj1996 - 见习魔法师 二级 1-25 16:17 But the teacher cried The six-year-old John was terribly spoiled . His father knew it, but his grandma doted on him. He hardly left her side. And when he wanted anything, he either cried or threw a temper tantrum. Then came his first day of school, his first day away from his grandmother"s loving arms. When he came home from school his grandma met him at the door. "Was school all right?" she asked, "Did you get along all right? did you cry?" "Cry?" John asked. "No, I didn"t cry, but the teacher did!" 可是老师哭了 六岁的约翰娇生惯养。他的父亲知道这一点,可他的祖父母仍然宠着他。这孩子几乎寸步不离他的祖母。他想要什么不是哭,就是闹。他第一天上学才离开祖母的怀抱。 约翰放学了,他奶奶在门口接他并问道:“学校怎么样?你过的好吗?哭了没有?” “哭?”约翰问,“不,我没哭,可老师哭了。” 回答者:xabxhy - 童生 一级 1-25 16:26 This is the Venus Fly-Trap. It has two special leaves, and each leaf has several hairs in the middle. If an insect touches one of these, the leaves start to shut together. The insect often tries to run away. But the plant moves more quickly than the insect. The victim(受害者) is trapped in a little prison. Soon it dies, and the plant gradually absorbs (吸收) it. Plants live the longest of all things on Earth. A Bristle Cone Pine in California is 4,700 years old, and is still alive-older than any written history. Plants can be as small as one cell, like the millions of tiny plants in the seas. One of the smallest is the Lichen plant, which grows on stones. It is probably the plant which grows the most slowly. It can take a hundred years to grow a few centimeters. But plant can also be as big as the Giant Red-wood. the world"s most massive(大而重的) living thing. One tree in California is 84 m high and probably over two thousand tones in weight. No other type of tree grows higher than the Giant Redwood. The Dead Horse Arum attracts(吸引) flies by looking and smelling like dead meat. Once they get inside the plant, it shuts a door, and keeps them prisoner for a night. During the night, it drops pollen(花粉) on them. It releases(释放) them the next morning, covered in pollen, so that they can go and carry the pollen to another Arum. One type of Acacia tree in South America encourages ants to live in it. The tree provides the ants with a home (in special branches) and with food (little pieces of protein at the end of some leaves). In return, the ants defend their tree as fiercely(猛烈地) as they can. They attract any other insect or animal which comes near, and even remove other plants growing near it.2023-06-25 16:28:081