except that 是同类事物的排除还是不同类事物的排除,还是两者的排除都可以?

英语中意思为“除了……”的表达有except／except for／besides／apart from／but／but for／other than等,它们的用法复杂多变、难以掌握,学生常常为之困惑烦恼.本文将对其进行总结、归纳、练习,使学生能够系统地掌握它们的用法,消除学生几多愁.
1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”但含义不同.
except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的.besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的.
试比较：
①We all went except him.
除他之外,我们都去了.(他没有去)
②We all went besides him.
除他之外,我们大家也都去了.(他也去了)
(1)besides常与other／more／else等词连用except常与all／every／everyone／none／nobody／everything／nothing等总括词连用.
eg.He had other people to take care of besidesme.
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式except后接动词不定式而besides后接动词的-ing形式.
eg.I had no choice except to obey／besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式二者后面都可以接动词原形.
eg.She has nothing to do except／besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接从句.
eg.①Besides that he explained the theoryhe gave us some examples.
②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能.
except for主要有三层含义：
①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用.
eg.Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同类事物进行比较.
eg.The street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首,表达except的含义.
eg.Except for thiseverything is in order.
except for后接名(代)词可以转移为except＋从句或其他介词短语.
eg.The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains；except that it sometimes rains；except on the rainy days)
注意：二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的.
eg.He did nothing besides (＝except) this.
除这件事外,他什么事也没做.except that 后加从句表示“只是”
On the whole he is a nice person to work with except that he is careless.
总的来说,他是一个很好共事的人,只是有些粗心.
2.except for 主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后在细节上加以修正,有时含有惋惜之意：
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误.
except for 常可代替cxcept,用于句首时尤其如此.(except不用于句首)：
Except for John,everyone was tired.=Everyone was tired except John.
除了约翰外,大家都累了.

except for + sth.or sb.除…之外
All the questions are correct except for the last one.
除最后一道题之外的所有问题都对
"Except for one old lady,the bus was empty."
公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的.
except that + 从句
His report is correct except that some details are omitted.
"除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的."
except when + 时间状语从句
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.
"除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班."
except +what引导的名词性从句
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.
"除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知."

Surprisingly,his composition is very good,except that there are several spelling errors

except 和 except for 的区别
1.Except for a few words he didn”t say anything.
2.Everyone is here except Jimmy.
从这两个句子看出区别：
1.everyone 和 Jimmy 都是人,属同类事物,用except,再如：
We go to school every day except Sunday.
这种用法表示：从整体中减除部分.
2.word 和 anything 不属于同类事物,用 except for ,再如：
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.composition 和 mistakes 不属于同类事物.
这种用法表示：对整体说明做细节修正.
Except that后接从句
但在介词短语之前只能用except,其它,所以：
We go to bed before 10,except in the summer.我们除在夏天外,10点前睡觉.

1.我对他一无所知,只知道他来自德国(except that)
I know nothing about him except that he came from German.
2.要是你被一个人留在这个荒岛上你会怎样呢?(what if)
What if you are left alone in this uninhabited island, what would you do?
3.直到别人都完成任务后Mike才露面（until）
Mike did not show up until everyone has completed their task.
4.请用电话或电子邮件和我伦敦的朋友取得联系(contact)
Please use telephone or email to contact my friend in London.
5.毫无例外,女孩子当秘书似乎比男孩子更受欢迎(favour)
Without exception, girls are more favourable than guys to be a secretary.
6.昨天在我回家的路上碰巧遇到以前的同学(happened)
I happened to meet my ex-classmate on my way home yesterday.
7.这就是那件她花了1000元买的大衣(spend)
This is the coat that she spent 100 dollars.
8.我会永远记住我们在纽约一起度过的日子(stay)
I will always remember the days we stayed in New York.

表示“除了…以外”的介词 besides, except, except for, but, apart from 等.
1) besides 表示“除 … 以外,（还,也）”,相当于 in addition to. 例如:
Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry
除了英语以外,他们还学习数学,物理和化学.
注意: 不要将besides和beside 混淆.beside是“在…旁边”的意思.

2) except 表示“除…外,（其余都）…”,常与all,every,no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用.
except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名（代）词外, 还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句 .例如:
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了.
I went nowhere except to the library. 除了图书馆以外,我哪儿都没有去.
试比较:
We all went except him. 除了他（没去）以外,我们都去了.
Three others also went besides him. 除了他（去了）以外, 还去了三个人.
[注] except 与 except for区别
except for 也表示“除 … 以外”,但是和 except 不同的是: 与 except 连用的整体词和 except 所跟的词常常是同类的,是指整体除去一部份; 而与 except for 连用的整体词与 except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的,是指整体中除去 一个细节.例如:
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误以外, 你的作文写得很好.
Except for an old lady, the bus was empty. 除了有一个老太太以外, 这辆公共汽车是空的.
3) apart from 表示“除 …之外”.根据上、下文的不同,它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except 和 except for.例如:
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. （= except）
除了他们以外, 我没有人说话.
Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides）
除了别的考虑之外,时间也是一个因素.
(It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for）
除了几个小毛病以外,这是一篇佳作.

I know nothing about him except he is from Germany.
What if you were left in this desert island alone.
Mike didn't show up until the work has been completed by others.
Please contact my frined in London either by phone or email.
Without exception,girls recevie more favor being secretary than boys.
I happened to bump into my old classmate on my way home yesterday.
This is the coat on which she spent 1000 dollars.
I will always remember the time we stayed together in New York.

except that 后加从句表示“只是”
On the whole he is a nice person to work with except that he is careless.
总的来说,他是一个很好共事的人,只是有些粗心.
except for 主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后在细节上加以修正,有时含有惋惜之意：
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误.
except for 常可代替cxcept,用于句首时尤其如此.(except不用于句首)：
Except for John,everyone was tired.=Everyone was tired except John.
除了约翰外,大家都累了.

Except 含有“除…之外”或“除了”的意思时,通常用作介词而不是连词.人称代词用于except 之后时通常用宾格：
No one except me knew it.
除我之外没人知道它；
Every member of the original cast was signed except her.
除她之外的原班演员都是签约雇佣的
except for
adv.
除...以外
except that 后跟从句

except 在这里做连词,后面接句子.例：
They are all parallel cases except that one is younger than the other.
I would have arrived earlier,except I lost my way.
I would buy the suit,except that it costs too much.
except if 不是一个固定词组.if 是后面句子的连词.