substantial中的t是不是要读成d

substantial和virtual都有“实质上的”含义,到底如何区别呢?
它们词义及用法的区分?

adj.的区别
substantial与substantive意思上有什么区别?
基本词加－ial结尾和－ive结尾和－able结尾变成的形容词词义发展有什么变化区别?

英语翻译
1.most small businesses have suffered from substantial investment losses,but their research and development costs have been increasing.
2.light bulbs we currently hage in our each classroom will last for the remainder of this month.
light bulbs we currently have in our each classroom will last for the remainder of this month.

英语翻译
Waste water can be a substantial source of energy.In the United Kingdom,the energy content of waste waters ranges from 2.1 kWh m–3 for domestic to 4.7 kWh m–3 for mixed-use (commercial and domestic) water.Typical wastewater treatment plants use high concentrations of bacteria supplied with oxygen,through aeration of the water,to remove the organic matter.The overall energy consumption in conventional plants with this treatment is roughly 0.6 kWh–3 with about half of that used for aeration.Some treatment plants have become energy neutral,
mostly though the production of methane gas from solids captured or produced during treatment .MFCs offer a unique approach to directly capture the energy in water,effectively turning a wastewater treatment plant into a power plant.Exoelectrogenic bacteria release protons into the waste water and transfer electrons to electrically conductive,inert and high porosity anodes — such as carbon cloth,felt and graphite fibre brushes.

ceremonial duties 和substantial duties?
这是一道找反义词的题,对于ceremonial,答案给的反义词是substantial.我不太明白这两个词怎么反义了?
原句是：The president of university said that he was sick of the ceremonial duties which kept him busy for a whole year
ceremonial 有substantial duties吗?

英语翻译
In this case the company holds a substantial interest in ..

I hope to conclude some substantial business with you.这句话的句子成分请标明一下
还有就是标明下 什么是修饰什么的

英语翻译
substantial amount of
various kinds of
multimedia information
怎样组合？
请问高手“两个of词组连用很少见，需要避免”具体是什么意思？为什么需要避免？有什么坏处吗？还是只符合语法不符合习惯？

英语翻译
5.There is substantial overlap between the disciplines of engineering management and systems engineering,and yet,there is substantial confusion in the two professions about what comprises the other.

An MNC,i.e.actively managed substantial Foreign Direct Investment made by firms that have a long-term commitment to operating internationally.求翻译

英语翻译
我自己翻的：Substantial Increase in a Low-cost of XXX,或者Using a Low-cost to Substantially Increase in XXX.
或者有更地道的翻译吗?

we could reduce our price by 5%,if you place a substantial order with us.
1,整句意思
2,时态,语法结构,以及关键词
3,这句话中为什么一定要加with us