归化、异化、对等功能三者的区别和关系是什么?

合译 co-translator
分译 Points translation
对联法 Couplet method 或 Method of paired associates
套用法 Applying method
前后倒译法 Pour translation before
反译法 Reverse translation 或 Negation
归化译法 Naturalized translation
节译法 Evans method
释义法 Definition method 或 Explanation

在生命的最终,毅然选择了坦然.归附化于万物,自然之境,混为宇宙.与快乐与否无关,更无悲哀,单单是内心的平静、安然.

3 要我们把握好今生
2 以豁达的心态从容的面对生命中的不幸

From the example above we can see,domestication and foreignization strategy but contradictory substance surface complementary.The author thinks that,in the modern open and communication in the backdrop,people have realized the importance of heterogeneous culture reserve characteristics,thus to heterogeneous culture adopts a more tolerant attitude,but for some of the target language is really difficult to understand,in view of the different readership,appropriate to use domestication strategy also is very be necessary.To correctly deal with the relationship between the unity of the opposites,can make a good translation.

生命终归是有尽头的,这个过程不是他能决定,所以他坦然去面对——不快乐,也不悲哀
这说明了他内心的平静、安然.

C

The book Four Happy Things in One's Life was written by poet-Libai.其中书名用斜体.

测区的平均高程可以通过均匀布设在测区范围内的水准控制点高程值取平均来计算,测距边两端点的平均高程也是通过这两个点的高程取平均值计算.

在一个三角形中,各边和它所对角的正弦的比相等.
即a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R（2R在同一个三角形中是恒量,是此三角形外接圆的半径的两倍）
这一定理对于任意三角形ABC,都有
a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R
R为三角形外接圆半径
[编辑本段]证明
步骤1.
在锐角△ABC中,设BC=a,AC=b,AB=c.作CH⊥AB垂足为点H
CH=a·sinB
CH=b·sinA
∴a·sinB=b·sinA
得到
a/sinA=b/sinB
同理,在△ABC中,
b/sinB=c/sinC
步骤2.
证明a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R：
如图,任意三角形ABC,作ABC的外接圆O.
作直径BD交⊙O于D.
连接DA.
因为直径所对的圆周角是直角,所以∠DAB=90度
因为同弧所对的圆周角相等,所以∠D等于∠C.
所以c/sinC＝c/sinD=BD=2R
类似可证其余两个等式.
[编辑本段]意义
正弦定理指出了任意三角形中三条边与对应角的正弦之间的一个关系式,又由正弦函数在区间上的单
调性可知,正弦定理非常好的描述了任意三角形中边与角的一种数量关系.
[编辑本段]扩展
一.三角形面积公式：
1.海伦公式:
设P=(a+b+c)/2
S△=根号下P(P-a)(P-b)(P-c)
假设有一个三角形,边长分别为a、b、c,三角形的面积S可由以下公式求得：
S=√[p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)]
而公式里的p为半周长：
p=(a+b+c)/2
2.S△ABC=ab·sinC/2=bc·sinA/2=ac·sinB/2=abc/(4R)[R为外接圆半径]
3.S△ABC=ah/2
二.正弦定理的变形公式
(1) a=2RsinA,b=2RsinB,c=2RsinC;
(2) sinA :sinB :sinC = a :b :c;
余弦
在一个三角形中,各边与其所对角的正弦的比相等,且该比值都等于该三角形外接圆的直径已知三角形是确定的,利用正弦定理解三角形时,其解似的唯一的；已知三角形的两边和其中一边的对角,由于该三角形具有不稳定性,所以其解不确定,可结合平面几何作图的方法及“大边对大角,大角对大边”定理和三角形内角和定理去考虑解决问题
(3)相关结论:
a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=(a+b)/(sinA+sinB)=(a+b+c)/(sinA+sinB+sinC)
余弦定理是揭示三角形边角关系的重要定理,直接运用它可解决一类已知三角形两边及夹角求第三边或者是已知三个边求角的问题,若对余弦定理加以变形并适当移于其它知识,则使用起来更为方便、灵活.
对于任意三角形 三边为a,b,c 三角为A,B,C 满足性质
(注：a*b、a*c就是a乘b、a乘c .a^2、b^2、c^2就是a的平方,b的平方,c的平方.)
a^2=b^2+c^2-2*b*c*CosA
b^2=a^2+c^2-2*a*c*CosB
c^2=a^2+b^2-2*a*b*CosC
CosC=(a^2+b^2-c^2)/2ab
CosB=(a^2+c^2-b^2)/2ac
CosA=(c^2+b^2-a^2)/2bc
证明：
∵如图,有a+b=c
∴c·c=(a+b)·(a+b)
∴c^2=a·a+2a·b+b·b∴c^2=a^2+b^2+2|a||b|Cos(π-θ)
整理得到c^2=a^2+b^2-2|a||b|Cosθ（注意：这里用到了三角函数公式）
再拆开,得c^2=a^2+b^2-2*a*b*CosC
同理可证其他,而下面的CosC=(c^2-b^2-a^2)/2ab就是将CosC移到左边表示一下.
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平面几何证法：
在任意△ABC中
做AD⊥BC.
∠C所对的边为c,∠B所对的边为b,∠A所对的边为a
则有BD=cosB*c,AD=sinB*c,DC=BC-BD=a-cosB*c
根据勾股定理可得：
AC^2=AD^2+DC^2
b^2=(sinB*c)^2+(a-cosB*c)^2
b^2=sin^2B*c^2+a^2+cos^2B*c^2-2ac*cosB
b^2=(sin^2B+cos^2B)*c^2-2ac*cosB+a^2
b^2=c^2+a^2-2ac*cosB
cosB=(c^2+a^2-b^2)/2ac
从余弦定理和余弦函数的性质可以看出,如果一个三角形两边的平方和等于第三边的平方,那么第三边所对的角一定是直角,如果小于第三边的平方,那么第三边所对的角是钝角,如果大于第三边的平方,那么第三边所对的角是锐角.即,利用余弦定理,可以判断三角形形状.同时,还可以用余弦定理求三角形边长取值范围.

生命是一江东流的春水,在历尽磨难之后,找到归宿,不管这个归宿是好是换,它都要走到这一步的.所以说他消融,归化了,这个过程不是他能决定,所以不快乐,也不悲哀.

Foreignizing and domestication translation are the effective means of idiom translation dealing with two kinds of different cultures. In the idioms translation, the original language and the domestication translation have been used with the same frequency and we also use the language with the culture of the idiom generally. From a cross-cultural perspective, domestication strategy is based on objective language translation, and orientates to the target language readers. It requires that the target language translators should adapt to readers. We also need the translator try to use the manner that applies to the readers of the target language habits and the target language expression way to convey the original content. This method can make the more authentic and natural, without translation, the reader to read without strangeness. Foreignizing translation refers to retain the original idioms in the heterogeneous culture, it has the advantage of being able to maintain the original idioms form, style, culture so that the translation is exotic, make the reader feel the differences of language and culture.
Relative to Chinese, the English became more globalization in the world. From primary school lessons, graduated degree lessons, doctor degree lessons, even daily work, it can’t without English in China. More and more Chinese understand learn English is more useful. Learning English is more than Chinese. Some of Chinese interested in western culture, so, if English idiom translated to Chinese, the author recommend as possible as use foreignizing translation.
Translations purpose is how to communication, if keep more national culture will cause misunderstanding that can’t reach the purpose. For idiom’s translation, if Chinese translate to English, it recommends that domestication method from culture point. Western countries not really understand what is different between Chinese language and culture. They feel that Chinese is strange language and it is hard to study, if keep more national culture that emerge some misunderstanding. Thus can’t reach how to communication purpose.

submit to the rule of 归化
adopt the customs of 归化
异化 dissimilation
异化 alienation
异化 heterization

submit to the rule of 归化
adopt the customs of 归化
异化 dissimilation
异化 alienation
异化 heterization

归化,所有的鸡蛋放在同一个篮子里