the notions that thought inhabited the heart was once accept

语言学判断题
according to the notions of construction and constituent,the largest construction in a language is sentence.对么?为什么?搞不大清楚什么是construction,
给出您的判断，并给出理由，无理由者请勿浪费时间，

英语翻译
For example,notions of evidence and fact,of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.
例如,在做出新闻性的判断与报道中需要用到证据与事实,基本权利与公众利益这些概念,正如在法庭中也需要用到这些概念一样.
这我翻译的,总感觉不对,希望有大神帮我看看,顺便指出来我哪里翻译错了,

英语翻译
Building upon the notions of markets for knowledge and PKE,as distinct from technological externalities,we have specified a quadratic relationship between the concentration of innovative activities at the regional level and their net positive effects.We qualified the relationship between knowledge externalities and agglomeration as a quadratic function.Agglomeration yields positive net knowledge externalities only until a given threshold.Too much agglomeration and too dense knowledge transactions progressively dissipate the advantages in terms of knowledge externalities because of the emerging losses engendered by reduced appropriability.
This article has provided a strong test for the hypotheses that a quadratic relationship existed between technological concentration and total factor productivity growth for a large sample of European regions from 1995 to 2003.The quadratic specification is a powerful result because it enables one to identify the shifting relative advantage of regions in the location of knowledge-intensive activities.The identification of the notion of relative advantage in the location of knowledge-intensive activities enabled us to identify the regions in which it is not appropriate to invest in knowledge generating activities,the regions in which it is “more” convenient to invest in activities,and the regions in which it would be better to reduce the levels of these activities.
The strong econometric results enable one to appreciate the implications of the quadratic specification in terms of output elasticity to additional knowledge-intensive activities.It is clear that,by definition,when the first derivative in a quadratic function is stronger,the smaller the level of concentration.Hence,our findings confirm the hypothesis that the output elasticity of additional knowledge-intensive activities is higher in peripheral than in core regions.

there have been sings that these traditional notions are changing as more westernised ideas of an attractive body of size take hold (sings在这的意思 take hold在这的意思及用法 翻译一下句子