求speak to和talk to实际用法上的区别

不一样的.
如：want to visit you ,动词+to+动词.to为不定式符号,不是介词.
speak to Tim,go to work中的to是介词.

每个词组的意义,都必须在有具体上下文的条件下,才能有确切的含义.这是英语的特点之一.换言之,任何单词、词组在离开具体语境的情况下,都没有意义.
但在笼统意义上,这些字词和词组似乎都差不多,我这里主要说它们的差别.
talk to 和talk with 的差别在于,talk to 大多数是由谈话方占据谈话的主导地位,对方以听为主,当然也可能随时插话,但这种谈话多为上司、长辈、老师对下属、晚辈、学生的谈话,有略微的lecture性质,如果完全是一方在说话,另一方只是听,它几乎和 talk at可以划等号.如果是同级的,如同事、同学、朋友之间,用talk to会有不礼貌的嫌疑.talk with 大多是谈话双方平等的对话,是conversation性质的,而不是有一方占主导位置.这个词组比talk to更尊敬对方.但是需要注意的一点是,talk to不是绝对的one-way （一方在说话,另一方只是听）的谈话.
talk with例子：May I speak/talk with you about a problem I'm having?（双方交换意见）
talk to例子：Oh,you say my son caused some problems?I shall talk to him tonight.含义是我得好好说说他（训他）,让他懂点规矩.
talk about是指商谈,= discuss,about后面直接加谈论的对象,即about是介词,talk是个不及物动词,需要带宾语时用about帮忙塔桥.
例子：The author talks about the different aspects of this question.
而talk of 有两种情况,一是在诗歌或文学作品中,这个词组相当于talk about.
例：The time has come,the Walrus said,to talk of many things...of shoes and ships and sealing-wax,of cabbages and kings...and why the sea is boiling hot,and whether pigs have wings.--- Lewis Carroll
二是,它是一种非常随便的用法,追究起来,甚至属于错误用法,一般情况下,speak of 是更正确的,可取代之.建议不要轻易使用talk of.
speak to大多数时候和talk to是一样的,指对某种具体事宜进行的,或一方为主的谈话.
如：I will speak to him about this particular issue.
chat with 和 talk with,speak with 一样,都是互动式的谈话,唯一不同的是,chat with更随便些,有聊天的性质.这里的chat,talk,speak都是不及物动词的用法.
say 相比较而言,是这里最为宽泛的词,是既是个不及物动词,也是个及物动词,say在很多时候都用作及物动词,后面可以直接加宾语.
例如：Many folks say that lemons are bitter but I've always found them to be refeshing.

May I speak to Jack?

1 under
2speak to
3in bed
4white
5play cards

talk是面对面的谈话；speak是专门的电话用语.

speak with
和...谈话, 和...商量
both sides will talk or speakach other
speak to
v.
对...说话, 说到, 责备, 证明
Only one side speak

一般时候 ,如果不是刻意区分,是可以互换的,如果非要区别：talk to 和speak to 指的是一方对另一方,用在高一级与低一级的人说话,如“上司对下属”就用to,而talk with 和 speak with是指两方的,不分主次,是平级的.

speak侧重指说话的能力及方式,尤其指说语言；
say是及物动词,侧重指说话的内容；
speak to注重说的对象 常常用于电话中,
e.g.
May I speak to Jim?
say to 注重说的内容和结果,
e.g.
Say hello to Mary.
代我向玛丽问好.

1. say
say sth.
say to sb.
2. speak
speak sth. (language)
3. talk
talk to sb.
talk with sb.
talk about sth.
4. tell
tell sth. (a story, a lie etc.)
tell sb. sth.
tell sb. that ...

May I speak to Uncle Jhon,please?

恩,可以的,都是“对.说”的意思.

speak 说的是一种语言,talk about 主要指谈论,say指说的内容

〖 点拨〗say ,speak ,talk 及 tell 的区别：
say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话.如：
“I want to go there by bus” ,he said .他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去.”
What is he saying?
He said his name was Tom .
speak :“说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 ( 即后面不能直接接宾语 ) .如：
Can you speak about him?
I don’t like to speak like this .
〖 点拨〗speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力.如：She speaks English well .
talk :与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词,用作及物动词时,宾语只能是某国语言等少数几个词.不过,talk 暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话.如：
I would like to talk to him about it .我想跟他谈那件事.
Old women like to talk with children .
give a talk 作报告
tell :“告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语.如：
He‘s telling me a story .
tell a lie 撒谎

speak to的宾语
准确一点是to 的宾语,这里是介词+宾语的形式.因为这里speak做不及物动词,必须跟介词才可以连接宾语