英语翻译In this chapter,salient performance aspects of the human

英语翻译
In this chapter,salient performance aspects of the human in the
context of a person-machine control system,the motor vehicle,
will be summarized.The driver-vehicle system configuration is
ubiquitous.Practically all readers of this chapter are also
participants in such a system; yet many questions,as will be
seen,remain to be answered in modeling the behavior of the
human component alone.Recent publications (IVHS 1992;
TRB 1993) in support of Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) have identified study of "Plain Old Driving" (POD) as a
fundamental research topic in ITS.For the purposes of a
transportation engineer interested in developing a molecular
model of traffic flow in which the human in the vehicle or an
individual human-vehicle comprises a unit of analysis,some
important performance characteristics can be identified to aid in
the formulation,even if a comprehensive transfer function for the
driver has not yet been formulated.
This chapter will proceed to describe first the discrete
components of performance,largely centered around
neuromuscular and cognitive time lags that are fundamental
parameters in human performance.These topics include
perception-reaction time,control movement time,responses to
the presentation of traffic control devices,responses to the
movements of other vehicles,handling of hazards in the
roadway,and finally how different segments of the driving
population may differ in performance.
Next,the kind of control performance that underlies steering,
braking,and speed control (the primary control functions) will
be described.Much research has focused on the development of
adequate models of the tracking behavior fundamental to
steering,much less so for braking or for speed control