世界著名路或桥的英语简介

世界著名大桥：
1.Clifton Suspension Bridge
Location: Bristol, England
Architects: Ismabard Kingdom Brunel
Date Completed: 1864
Height: 26 meters
Length: 214 meters
For over 100 years the Clifton Suspension Bridge, spanning the beautiful Avon Gorge, has been as much the symbol of Bristol as the Eiffel Tower of Paris or the Opera House of Sydney. Since its opening in 1864 meticulous maintenance has ensured that the bridge has never closed. It is easy to forget that this structure which was designed in the 1830s, built in the 1860s and intended entirely for horse-drawn traffic, now carries a staggering total of 4 million cars a year.
Today the Clifton Suspension Bridge is looked after by a Trust setup under an Act of Parliament of 1952. The 13 trustees include representatives of local government together with others chosen for their technical or business expertise. The trustees are empowered to collect tolls, although since 1991 pedestrians and cyclists have crossed free of charge. Day to day responsibility for the bridge is in the hands of the Bridge Master who is on call 24 hours a day. He controls a team of 13 tollkeepers and 3 maintenance men.
2.Humber Bridge
Location: Humberside, England.
Architects: Not Known
Date Completed: 1981
Height: 155.5 metres
Length: 2220 metres
The Humber Bridge is a suspension bridge with the north tower sited on the high water line and the south tower founded in shallow water 500m from the shore.
On the north bank, a hard well-jointed bed of chalk comes close to the surface and is covered by a tough layer of glacially deposited chalky boulder clay. The chalk has provided good foundations for both the anchorage and tower on this bank, on the south side, soft alluvium is underlain by beds of boulder clay, sand and gravel. Below these beds, at a depth of 30m, there is a deep bed of stiff, heavily fissured kimmeridge clay, on which the tower and anchorage have been founded. Designed to cross the last major unbridged estuary in Britain, the bridge comprises reinforced concrete towers aerial-spun catenary cables and a continuously-welded, closed ?box road deck supported by inclined hanger cables.
3.Brooklyn Bridge
Location: East River. Park Row, Manhattan to Adams Street, Brooklyn
Architects: John A. and Washington Roebling.
Date Completed: 1883
Height: 272 feet (83 meters)
Length: 6016 feet (1834 meters
The Brooklyn Bridge, highly recognizable landmark and cultural icon, was the dream of John A. Roebling, the inventor of wire cable and an accomplished bridge builder. Designed in 1867, the bridge's prototype was a similar, though smaller structure over the Ohio River at Cincinnati. The dramatic butressed gothic towers are constructed entirely of granite. The roadway platform is hung on two-inch diameter steel suspenders strung from two pairs of cables - the catenaries - sixteen inches in diameter. Each cable is composed of 5,296 galvanized steel wires (the total length of wire used is 14,357 miles). Each of the four cables is capable of sustaining a live load of 12,000 tons. The opening of the bridge in 1883 was marred by the deaths of twelve pedestrians, who were trampled during a panic set off by a shouted warning, anonymous and groundless, that the bridge was in danger of imminent collapse. The bridge affords magnificent views of the East River, the harbor and downtown Manhattan. The pedestrian feels drawn into an association with the bridge and all of New York.
4.Golden Gate Bridge
Location: Highway 101 between San Francisco and Marin Counties, San Francisco.
Architects: Joseph Baermann Strauss
Date Completed: May 27, 1937
Height: 750 feet
Length: 2742.9 meters
Initial plans for the Golden Gate Bridge showed a bulky cantilever-type structure which bears little resemblance to the final graceful design. Fortunately, the project evolved into the now-familiar single suspension span. Its original designer, Strauss, faced 12 years of strong opposition to the idea of bridging the Golden Gate. Ferryboat operators feared for their livelihood, and military leaders and shippers were concerned that the bridge would bottle up the harbor. Strauss sold the public on the idea, and in 1930 six coastal counties approved bonds to build the Golden Gate Bridge.
5.Akashi-Kaikyo
Location: Connecting Kobe on the mainland with Awaji on Awaji Island (Japan)
Architects: Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority
Date Completed: 1998
Height: 282.8 meters
Length: 3910 meters
The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, connecting Kobe on the mainland with Awaji on Awaji Island, is a huge three-span cable-stayed bridge some 3910 meters in total length with a center span of 1990 meters. It is the longest bridge of its type in the world, surpassing the Humber Bridge in the U.K. which has a center span of 1410 meters. The bridge has a wind-proof and earthquake-resistant construction, withstanding winds up to 80 meters per second and earthquakes reaching 8.5 on the Richter scale.
6.Sydney Harbour Bridge
Location: Sydney Harbour, Australia
Architects: Dr J.J.C Bradfield
Date Completed: 19 March 1932
Height: 134 metres
Length: 1149 metres
The Sydney Harbour Bridge was opened on March 19th 1932 after six years of construction. Made of steel the bridge contains 6 million hand driven rivets. The surface area that requires painting is equal to about the surface area of 60 sports fields. The Bridge has huge hinges to absorb the expansion caused by the hot Sydney sun. You will see them on either side of the bridge at the footings of the Pylons. Sydney Harbour Bridge is the world's largest (but not longest) steel arch bridge, and, in its beautiful harbour location, has become a renowned international symbol of Australia.
Its total length including approach spans is 1149 metres and its arch span is 503 metres. The top of the arch is 134 metres above sea level and the clearance for shipping under the deck is a spacious 49 metres. The total steelwork weighs 52,800 tonnes, including 39,000 tonnes in the arch. The 49 metre wide deck makes Sydney Harbour Bridge the widest Longspan Bridge in the world.
7.Storbaelt
Location: Across the Great Belt between Funen and Zealand. Denmark.
Architects: Not Known
Date Completed: 1998
Height: 254 metres above sea level
Length: 6790 metres
On June 12, 1986 the Danish Parliament approved the construction of a fixed link across the Great Belt. Following 12 years of intensive construction work, H.M. Queen Margrethe II of Denmark inaugurated on June 14, 1998 what had then become the largest engineering project in the history of Denmark, The Great Belt Fixed Link. At 254 m above sea level, the East Bridge's two pylons are the highest points in Denmark.
8.Le Ponte De Normandie
Location: Le Havre, France.
Architects: Not Known
Date Completed: 1997
Height: 165 feet above the water level
Length: 2800 feet
Completed in 1995, the Le Pont de Normandie is a cable-stayed bridge that connects Honfleur and Le Havre, France.?The main span is 2800 feet long and raises 165 feet above the water level.?The decision to built a cable-stayed bridge instead of a suspension bridge was based on the three factors.?First, the anchorages of a suspension bridge would have been to heavy and would have not been supported by the soft river bed.?Secondly, the structure would only be required to carry a light traffic load.?Thirdly, which isn't admitted very often, was the motivation of nationalistic pride in wanting to built the world's longest cable-stayed bridge!?The Le Pont de Normandie had beaten the record held by the Skarnsundet bridge of 1740 feet set in 1991, and the Quingzhou Minjang bridge built in china in 1996.?However the world's record today is held by the Tartara bridge in Hiroshima, Japan which was completed in 1998
9.Tsing Ma Bridge
Location: Hong Kong.
Architects: Not Known
Date Completed: May 1997
Height: 206 metres
Length: 1377 metres
The Lantau Link, carries a railway as well as roads, comprises the Tsing Ma suspension bridge linking Tsing Yi to Ma Wan; viaducts crossing Ma Wan and the Kap Shui Mun cable-stayed bridge linking Ma Wan to Lantau.
The Tsing Ma Bridge has become internationally-known and a major Hong Kong landmark. Its main span of 1,377 metres is the world's longest carrying both road and railway, and its concrete towers is 206 metres tall. Construction of Tsing Ma Bridge commenced in May 1992 and completed in May 1997.