fish food 和 fruit 都是做种类的时候可数,单指不可数吗?求正解

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具体情况具体分析
表示单纯的食物、水果时不可数
比如
I'm hungry. I want some food.
There is some fruit on the table.
表示几种食物、水果时可数
We have a lot of foods. Fish, meat, chicken, which one would like?
All kinds of fruits are available, including apples, pears, peaches, bananas and oranges.
一般来说这三个单词都是用作不可数名词用.
但是fruit和drink有时候也做可数名词.
当不可数名词从抽象化到具体化的时候,可以看成可数.
一、名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等.普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等.普通名词又可分为下面四类:
  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun.
  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family.
  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air.
  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work.
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns).
二、食物:蔬菜、水果、饮料、肉类
蔬菜: 可数:tomato 番茄,西红柿,cucumber 黄瓜 不可数:garlic 蒜,celery芹菜
水果: 可数:bananaapple 不可数:除了fruit本身,其他几乎都是可数名词
饮料: 可数:几乎都是不可数吧,水质的东西,怎么数?不可数:juice; orange(当桔汁讲)
肉类:都不可数.meat肉类 pork猪肉beef牛肉,duck鸭肉 fish鱼肉chicken鸡肉
调料:salt盐, sugar白糖等不可数
注意有些名词意义的转变!有些词意义不同时:既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词
1.鸡chick(en)在地上走,是可数的;鸡肉
2.鱼fish在水里游(鱼的数量),是可数名词(单数和复数是同形的均为fish), 指鱼的种类时,复数形式加“es”即为“fishes” ;鱼肉是不可数
There are five fish in the fishbowl. 鱼缸里有5条鱼.(表示鱼的数量时, 单数和复数是同形的)
There are five fishes in the fishbowl.鱼缸里有5种鱼.(表示鱼的种类时, 它的复数形式是要加" es" 的,即 fishes)
There is some fish in the plate .盘子里有一些鱼肉.(做鱼肉讲时是不可数的.)
3.food食物 ■通常为不可数名词.如:Do you like Chinese food? 你对中国菜有兴趣吗?
Good food keeps you healthy. 好的饮食使你健康.
About 90 percent of most food is water. 大部分食物中约有90%为水.
■若表示某种特殊种类的食物,则可用作可数名词.如:
Don’t eat too many dairy foods. 不要吃太多的奶制品.
4.onion ■若当作一种植物看待,为可数名词,指“一根洋葱”“一个洋葱头”等.如:
The onions are beginning to sprout up. 洋葱正在抽芽.
■若指作为菜吃的“洋葱”“洋葱头”,有时可数,有时不可数.如:
(1) 可数用法:Chop an onion finely. 把洋葱切细.Onions have a strong odor. 洋葱气味刺鼻.
I like liver and onions for dinner. 晚餐我喜欢吃肝和洋葱.
Shall I use oil or butter for frying the onions? 我用普通油还是黄油来炒洋葱呢?
(2) 不可数用法:The soup tastes of onion. 这汤有洋葱味.There is too much onion in the salad. 色拉里的洋葱太多.
5.drink 强调物质时不可数,强调种类时或者表示一杯饮料、一份饮料时可数,表示一次“饮”的动作或者数量上的“一杯”可数
6.■其意为“冰激凌”,若视为物质,不可数.如:I give one yuan for ice cream. 我花一元钱买冰激凌.What sort of ice cream do you want?你想要哪一种冰激凌?Ice cream is my favourite sweet. 冰激凌是我最喜欢的甜食.Both young and old like ice cream. 不论老少都喜欢吃冰激凌.
■若指“一个冰激凌”或“一份冰激凌”,则可数.如:I want a strawberry ice cream. 我要一份草莓冰激凌.
The boy has one ice-cream every day. 那个男孩每天要吃一个冰激凌.
7.fruit 1. 表示“水果”时,通常用作总称或集体名词,不可数.如:He just lived on fruit. 他只靠吃水果维持生命.
Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
若表示水果种类,则是可数的.如:The mango is a tropical fruit. 芒果是种热带水果.The tree bears a red hard fruit. 这种树结一种红色坚硬的果实.
但有时到底是表示总称还是种类,完全取决于具体的语境,有时两种情况都说得通.如:The country exports tropical fruit(s). 该国出口热带水果.
2. 表示“几种(多种、各种)水果”时,可直接说 some (many, various) fruits,也可用 some (many, various) kinds of fruit(后者通常用不用复数).如:
Some [Some kinds of] fruits don’t freeze well at all. 有些水果根本就不能冷藏.
They sell various [various kinds of] fruits at that shop. 那个商店卖各种水果.

可见:物质名词或抽象名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示若干类和数量之多时,可转化为可数名词,但往往意义有所变化,如:water(水)→waters(水域),sea(海)→seas(海域)
不可数名词除了抽象名词之外(不是实体),“物质”名词如果没有固定形状(需要用容器来盛,如water, flour等等)或尽管有比较小的颗粒,但一般用量很大,我们很难数清,也是“不可数”的,如sand, rice.

不可数名词的家务事
  1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如:
  The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜.
  2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化.如:
  water (水) → waters (水域)
  orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
  3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化.如:
  fruit → fruits food → foods
  fish → fishes hair → hairs
  用所给名词的适当形式填空.
  1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
  2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
  3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
  4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
  5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
  6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
  7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
  8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
  9. The________(child) are playing games
  on the playground now.
  10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
  11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
  12. They are________(woman) doctors.
  13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
  14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.


  参考答案:
  1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice

CHOCOLATE作可数名词时是有巧克力糖块的意思.所以可以加S.a box of chocolates /HAVE ANOTHER CHOCOLATE
但如果作为
1.事物的名字时
2.作巧克力饮料时
3.形容颜色即深褐色、巧克力色时.是不可数的.
它还是个形容词即用巧克力制成,巧克力色的的意思.

不可数
a hard brown sweet food made from COCOA beans, used in cooking to add flavour to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweet/candy 巧克力;朱古力
Eg: a bar/piece of chocolate 一条/一块巧克力 a chocolate cake

可数
a sweet/candy that is made of or covered with chocolate 巧克力糖;加心巧克力
Eg: a box of chocolates 一盒巧克力糖


some, any,表示一些,前者用于肯定陈述及委婉请求,后者用于否定句及一般疑问句;例:
I have some books; Would you like some coffee? I don't have any books; Is there any coffee in your cup?

some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中.因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关.

some意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词.它常修饰可数名词复数.如:some books一些书,some boys一些男孩,也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶叶,some常用在肯定句中.any意为“任何一些”,它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常用于疑问句和否定句.如:
--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶.
--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶.
--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?
--I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书,它们是我最好的朋友.

但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any.如:
Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?
What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?

当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中;
Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题.

选题角度:
辨析some和any的不同用法:some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中.在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any.

few, a few, little, a little的区别:
虽然都表示“少”,但
(1)few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的.
(2)a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味.这里所谓的“肯定意味”和“否定意味”应该这样来理同样是半杯水,口渴者会认为:There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为:There is a little water in the glass.

some many much的区别 :都是许多的意思. many用与可数 much用与不可数,some都可以用.

再说说a lot of 与 lots of,(some any表示一些,lot of 与a lot of表示很多.
a lot of=lots of,都可修饰可数名词与不可数名词.
1年前

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